Model	Pathway	n_Genes	Train_Cindex	Val_Cindex	Interpretation
Published 5-gene (this study)	FRG+HSR	4*	0.650	0.689	Best validation performance; parsimonious
FRG-only (LASSO selected)	Ferroptosis only	27	0.691	0.566	Severe overfitting: ΔC = −0.123
HSR-only (LASSO selected)	Heat Shock only	31	0.743	0.527	Severe overfitting: ΔC = −0.162
Combined LASSO (FRG+HSR)	Both pathways	74	0.801	0.615	Moderate overfitting: ΔC = −0.074