Sunspot group positions and areas reconstructed from a combination by Philippe de La Hire's measurements and his sunspot drawings defined by Zolotova and Vokhmyanin (in Solar Physics, 2026, in press). Areas depend strongly on the quality of the drawing, which is not consistent. There are detailed drawings made with a higher-resolution telescope and there are drawings made with small telescopes. For schematic drawings, the number of sunspots is underestimated and their area can be overestimated. The average uncertainty in sunspot area is about 30%, but may reach a factor of three. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Data format: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Place - Location of the observer; YYYY - Year; MM - Month; DD - Day; HH - UT Hour (Time of observation); MI - Minute (Time of observation); G - Arbitrary number of a sunspot group; BBB.BB - Heliographic latitude. Southern latitudes are negative; LLL.LL - Heliographic longitude in the Carrington rotation frame; Area - Area of the whole sunspot group in millionths of the solar hemisphere (msh). XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Place YYYY MM DD HH MI G BBB.BB LLL.LL Area Comment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Paris Obs. 1703 5 25 11 51 21 -4.65 270.89 442 Paris Obs. 1703 5 26 11 50 21 -4.29 270.89 490 Paris Obs. 1703 5 27 8 51 21 -3.27 272.1 744 Paris Obs. 1703 5 28 7 51 21 -3.77 271.49 748 Paris Obs. 1703 5 29 9 21 21 -4.09 270.99 739 Paris Obs. 1703 5 30 7 36 21 -3.64 270.2 828 Paris Obs. 1703 5 31 10 51 21 -3.19 271.23 695 Paris Obs. 1703 6 1 7 51 21 -3.71 271.68 724 Paris Obs. 1703 6 2 15 6 21 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot position Paris Obs. 1703 6 3 5 51 21 -3.39 272.44 685 Paris Obs. 1703 6 18 5 36 22 -2.44 274.54 256 Paris Obs. 1703 6 19 7 21 22 -2.35 274.66 149 Paris Obs. 1703 6 20 7 51 22 -2.32 274.32 179 Paris Obs. 1703 6 21 11 51 22 -3.29 273.72 184 Paris Obs. 1703 6 22 15 21 22 -2.56 274.7 174 Paris Obs. 1703 6 23 9 36 22 -2.45 272.69 183 Paris Obs. 1703 6 24 11 21 22 -2.18 274.5 181 Paris Obs. 1703 6 25 11 51 22 -2.09 274.9 186 Paris Obs. 1703 6 26 8 51 22 -2.06 276.28 207 We did not reverse and did not flip this drawing Paris Obs. 1703 6 27 11 51 22 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot position Paris Obs. 1703 6 30 5 51 22 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot position Paris Obs. 1703 7 8 11 51 23 -17.87 46.73 173 Paris Obs. 1703 7 9 6 21 23 -18.12 49.03 229 Paris Obs. 1703 7 10 13 36 23 -16.76 47.73 238 Paris Obs. 1703 7 11 6 21 23 -17.63 46.23 369 Paris Obs. 1703 7 12 7 9 23 -17.67 46.9 503 Paris Obs. 1703 7 13 7 21 23 -17.63 46.14 372 Paris Obs. 1703 7 14 9 36 23 -18.95 46.73 457 Paris Obs. 1703 7 15 6 6 23 -18.92 47.34 511 Paris Obs. 1703 7 16 11 36 23 -17.54 47.57 317 Bologna 1703 12 21 NaN NaN 24 -10.5 128.83! NaN This observation was provided by Manfredi. According to Maraldi, Manfredi saw three sunspots near the western limb. (!) The longitude was calculated by us based on the assumption that the synodal period of rotation of sunspots is 27.5 days, as indicated by Maraldi and the sunspot longitude on 7 January 1704 was 127 deg. Paris Obs. 1704 1 7 11 51 25 -8.62 125.85 322 Paris Obs. 1704 1 7 11 51 26 -8.13 237.04 391 Paris Obs. 1704 1 8 11 51 25 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot position Paris Obs. 1704 1 8 11 51 26 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot observation by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 1 10 11 51 25 -9.67 126.24 447 From a schematic drawing Paris Obs. 1704 1 11 11 51 25 -9.37 126.94 626 Group 25 may have had more spots. See La Hire's description from January 16. Paris Obs. 1704 1 16 11 36 25 -8.75 125.14 740 The day was not given, but La Hire (1704, in Memories) described the sunspot group as follows: "I will not here describe the different forms which this sunspot took, because it was small; and it consisted only of two or three spots joined together and enveloped in the same cloud [penumbra] as usual, with several other small spots near by. It seems to me that no benefit can be derived from this kind of constantly changing forms." Paris Obs. 1704 1 17 11 48 25 -7.79 125.81 378 Group 25 may have had more spots. See La Hire's description from January 16. Paris Obs. 1704 1 18 10 51 25 NaN NaN NaN La Hire noted that the sunspot group (Tache) was consisted of two or three sunspots (Taches) joined together and enveloped with a penumbra, with a few other small sunspots nearby Acad. Montp. 1704 1 25 11 44 27 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by Plantade in Academy De Montpellier Paris Obs. 1704 1 27 14 21 27 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 1 28 11 51 27 -10.93 239.11 111 From a schematic drawing Paris Obs. 1704 1 29 11 51 27 -9.53 239.33 155 Paris Obs. 1704 1 30 8 51 27 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot observation by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 2 1 11 51 27 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot position Paris Obs. 1704 2 2 11 51 27 -11.09 239.44 489 Paris Obs. 1704 2 3 11 51 27 -9.87 239.73 316 From a schematic drawing Paris Obs. 1704 2 4 11 51 27 -11.11 239.14 482 Paris Obs. 1704 2 4 11 51 28 -7.18 126.14 47 Paris Obs. 1704 2 5 11 51 27 -10.13 240.54 434 From a schematic drawing Paris Obs. 1704 2 5 8 36 28 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 2 10 11 51 29 -13.66 87.3 202 Paris Obs. 1704 3 19 7 51 30 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot observation by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 3 20 9 51 30 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot observation by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 3 21 11 51 30 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1704 3 24 14 36 30 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot observation by Maraldi Paris Obs. 1704 4 22 11 51 31 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire. In Memoires: En general les Taches qui paroissent en si grande quantite, sont toutes dans l'Hemisphere meridional, & il y en aun srand nombre qui ont les memes declinaisons. Paris Obs. 1704 4 23 11 51 31 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1704 4 24 11 51 31 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1704 7 5 11 51 32 -6.77! 2.02! NaN (!) The latitude and longitude are from a sketch. We would say that B is from -5 to -15 and L is from 350 to 19 deg. Paris Obs. 1704 7 30 11 51 33 -9.51 348.18 75 Paris Obs. 1704 7 31 11 51 33 -7.7 348.48 87 Paris Obs. 1704 8 1 11 51 33 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1704 11 25 11 53 34 -8.75! 188.03! NaN (!) This is a sunspot position, but La Hire (1704, Memories) described the sunspot as a small one. Therefore, the sunspot position is almost the group position Acad. Montp. 1705 1 12 NaN NaN 35 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot observation by Plantade in Academy De Montpellier. Time is unknown. Maraldi also noted that this sunspot was observed by Manfredi Paris Obs. 1705 1 15 11 51 35 -9.57 268.2 NaN These coordinates are calculated from Cassini's estimates published in Memories. Cassini (1705): the spots had a penumbra Paris Obs. 1705 1 15 11 56 35 -9.2 264.12 306 Paris Obs. 1705 1 16 13 36 35 -9.77 267.79 294 (!) The latitude and longitude were derived from the Alt-Azimuth mount. If a telescope was equatorially mounted, then B=-7.74 and L=263.87 Paris Obs. 1705 4 7 11 52 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 10 11 51 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 12 11 49 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 13 11 50 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 14 11 50 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 15 11 49 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 16 11 49 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 4 17 11 48 36 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 5 17 11 51 37 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire. In Memories (1705, page 126): the size of this sunspot is similar to that in April. The next day it disappeared Paris Obs. 1705 7 4 11 51 38 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire. In Memoires (1705, page 126): The sunspot was small Paris Obs. 1705 7 5 11 51 38 -13.15 159.72 278 In Memoires (1705, page 126): the sunspot looked larger and consisted of several others Paris Obs. 1705 7 6 11 51 38 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 7 7 11 51 38 -12.71 161.43 228 Paris Obs. 1705 7 8 11 51 38 -10.93 161.36 358 Paris Obs. 1705 7 9 12 0 38 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 7 11 11 51 38 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire. In Memoires (1705, page 126): the sunspot disappeared on 13 July Paris Obs. 1705 8 3 11 51 39 -6.27 189.79 48 In Memoires (1705, page 126): The next day sunspot disappeared Paris Obs. 1705 10 4 11 51 40 -9.26 3.93 974 Paris Obs. 1705 10 5 11 51 40 -8.11 4.67 890 Paris Obs. 1705 10 8 11 50 40 -10.15 5.12 304! (!) The sunspot size is arbitrary. We only know it was small Paris Obs. 1705 10 9 11 48 40 -10.36 4.58 216 Paris Obs. 1705 10 10 11 48 40 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1705 10 11 11 47 40 -9.53 5.69 368 Paris Obs. 1705 10 12 11 47 40 -8.79 6.24 738 Paris Obs. 1705 10 14 11 47 41 -4.89 298.21 253 Paris Obs. 1705 10 15 11 51 41 -7.14 298.71 339 (!) We suggest that the sunspot position was recorded with an error. We corrected the distance from the eastern limb. Paris Obs. 1705 10 18 11 51 41 -4.15 298.62 147 Corrected image orientation in accordance with Cassini's measurements and drawings Paris Obs. 1705 10 18 11 51 41 -2.6 299.65 93 From the original orientation of the drawing in La Hire's journal Paris Obs. 1705 10 19 11 51 41 -3.88 303.05 330 In Memoires (1705, page 126): the next day, the sunspot was still seen Paris Obs. 1705 11 6 11 51 42 -4.29 309.45 584! (!) The sunspot size is arbitrary. We roughly estimated the size of the spot drawn in Cassini's journal, assuming that he used the same telescope in October and November and drew the spots to scale. Paris Obs. 1705 11 8 11 51 42 -3.42 310.32 310! (!) The sunspot size is arbitrary. We roughly estimated the size of the spot drawn in Cassini's journal, assuming that he used the same telescope in October and November and drew the spots to scale. Paris Obs. 1705 11 10 11 51 42 -3.93 310.23 394! (!) The sunspot size is arbitrary. We roughly estimated the size of the spot drawn in Cassini's journal, assuming that he used the same telescope in October and November and drew the spots to scale. Paris Obs. 1705 11 11 11 51 42 -2.9 310.42 309! (!) The sunspot size is arbitrary. We roughly estimated the size of the spot drawn in Cassini's journal, assuming that he used the same telescope in October and November and drew the spots to scale. Paris Obs. 1705 11 14 11 51 42 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire. In Memoires (1705, page 126): the sunspot was seen on 17 November. It has not undergone any significant changes Paris Obs. 1706 4 6 11 50 43 -10.35 107.13 251 Paris Obs. 1706 4 9 11 54 43 -10.15 106.74 183 These data obtained from the original orientation of the drawing Paris Obs. 1706 4 9 11 54 43 -10.27 106.47 185 These data obtained from the horizontally flipped orientation of the drawing Paris Obs. 1706 6 19 11 52 45 -9.53 292.64 51 Paris Obs. 1706 9 18 11 51 46 -9.43 140.41 92 Paris Obs. 1706 9 20 11 51 46 -7.31 142.09 60 Paris Obs. 1706 11 11 11 55 47 -5.88 104.04 799 Paris Obs. 1706 12 7 11 53 48 -6.68 109.67 1269 Paris Obs. 1706 12 11 11 56 48 -5.83 112.37 795 Paris Obs. 1706 12 17 11 51 48 -5.7 109.81 801 Paris Obs. 1707 1 2 11 51 49 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 2 25 11 51 50 -6.38 141.22 323 Paris Obs. 1707 2 26 11 51 50 -6.97 137.5 616 Paris Obs. 1707 2 27 11 51 50 -5.34 137.64 446 Paris Obs. 1707 3 1 11 50 50 -7.27 138.17 548 Paris Obs. 1707 3 20 11 52 51 -12.5 274.16 734 Paris Obs. 1707 3 23 11 52 51 -11.77 274.78 562 Paris Obs. 1707 3 24 11 51 51 -10.1 277.77 596 Paris Obs. 1707 3 26 11 51 52 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 3 28 11 48 52 -4.8 144.17 404! There is only a sunspot drawing in La Hire's journal. Area is arbitrary Paris Obs. 1707 3 31 11 51 52 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 4 1 11 51 52 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 4 3 11 50 52 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 5 11 11 51 53 NaN NaN NaN This is not an actual observation, but calculation in Memories. The sunspot was observed on 15 May by Cassini B=-7.5 and L=288 Paris Obs. 1707 7 19 11 51 54 -12.16 136.23 367! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary. On 22 July, La Hire noted that the sunspot was no longer visible, not even the day before (Macula non apparebat amplius neque die pracedenti) Paris Obs. 1707 9 28 11 51 55 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 9 29 11 51 55 -4.8 176.86 1081! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary Paris Obs. 1707 10 1 11 52 55 -4.73 177.35 625! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary Paris Obs. 1707 11 14 11 51 56 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 11 15 11 51 56 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 11 16 11 51 56 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 11 16 11 51 57 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 11 17 11 51 57 -12.04 240.37 654! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary. It is only known from Memories that the sunspot in group G56 was much smaller than this sunspot Paris Obs. 1707 11 19 11 51 57 -11.8 239.96 363! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary. It is only known from Memories that the sunspot in group G56 was much smaller than this sunspot Paris Obs. 1707 11 20 11 51 57 -11.32 240.94 398! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary. It is only known from Memories that the sunspot in group G56 was much smaller than this sunspot Paris Obs. 1707 11 22 11 51 57 -11.15 240.44 444! There is only a schematic drawing. Area is arbitrary. It is only known from Memories that the sunspot in group G56 was much smaller than this sunspot Paris Obs. 1707 11 27 11 53 57 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 11 27 11 53 58 12.75 118.18 1136! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1707 12 1 11 55 58 15.31 125.52 685! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1707 12 3 11 51 58 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 12 15 11 51 59 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1707 11 21 11 49 59 -14.06 242.36 292! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1708 8 11 11 50 60 -6.51 345.1 240 Paris Obs. 1708 8 12 11 50 60 -5.1 346.92 408 Paris Obs. 1708 8 13 11 50 60 -4.34 346.99 416 Paris Obs. 1708 8 14 11 49 60 -4.26 348.35 610 Paris Obs. 1708 8 15 11 49 60 -3.89 347.33 411 Paris Obs. 1708 8 16 11 49 60 -4.05 347.41 356 Paris Obs. 1708 8 18 11 51 60 -4.03 343.94 585 From a schematic drawing Paris Obs. 1708 9 2 11 49 61 -3.49 355.15 762! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1708 9 3 11 52 61 -4.4 350.93 2705! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1708 9 4 11 51 61 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1708 9 5 11 51 61 -3.96 350.23 1613! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1708 9 7 11 50 61 -2.76 350.26 630! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1708 9 8 11 50 61 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1708 9 10 11 52 61 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1708 9 11 7 51 61 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1708 9 11 11 51 61 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1708 9 12 11 51 61 -2.38 351.85 784! Area is arbitrary from a sketch Paris Obs. 1708 11 14 11 51 62 -3.85 152.91 377 Paris Obs. 1708 11 15 11 51 62 -5.04 153.97 306 Paris Obs. 1708 11 17 11 52 62 -2.83 153.29 213 Paris Obs. 1708 11 18 11 52 62 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1708 12 1 11 54 63 -8.53 346.37 269 Paris Obs. 1709 1 6 11 50 64 -16.51 225.98 379 Drawing is schematic. We use La Hire's measurements to scale the sunspots, bur from Cassini's measurements the size of the group was bigger Paris Obs. 1709 1 7 11 51 64 -15.72 227.28! 304! Drawing is schematic. We use Cassini's measurements to scale the sunspots Paris Obs. 1709 1 10 11 54 64 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 1 26 11 51 65 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 1 28 11 52 65 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 1 30 11 54 65 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 2 3 11 52 65 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 2 3 11 52 66 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 2 5 11 51 65 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 8 25 11 51 67 -9.79 68.6 196! Area is arbitrary from a sketch. We additionally use Muller's drawing to scale the sunspots. In Memories, there is a note that several sunspots were seen, separated into two clusters. Paris Obs. 1709 8 27 11 51 67 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 11 12 11 50 68 -3.72 74.65 589! Area is arbitrary from a sketch. In Memoires, there is a note that the sunspot was rather large and all alone Paris Obs. 1709 11 13 11 50 68 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 11 14 11 50 68 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 11 15 11 51 68 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1709 11 16 11 52 68 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1710 10 24 11 50 69 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1710 10 25 11 50 69 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire Paris Obs. 1710 10 28 11 50 69 NaN NaN NaN There is a sunspot measurement by La Hire