{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":4,"sheets":["SDG","targets","variables","curated_forms"],"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"SDG","index":0,"n_rows":47,"n_cols":32,"rows_kept":47,"merged":[[0,5,0,6],[0,7,0,8],[0,9,0,10],[0,11,0,12],[0,13,0,14],[0,15,0,16],[0,17,0,18],[0,19,0,20],[0,21,0,22],[0,23,0,24],[0,25,0,26],[0,27,0,28],[0,29,0,30]]}
[{"$nulls":5},"SDG 1",null,"SDG 2",null,"SDG 3",null,"SDG 5",null,"SDG 8",null,"SDG 9",null,"SDG 10",null,"SDG 11",null,"SDG 12",null,"SDG 14",null,"SDG 16",null,"SDG 17",null,"GLOBAL INDEX",null,"RATIO"]
["_id","d_SSF_name","Region","Location","Country","sdg1_weak","sdg1_strong","sdg2_weak","sdg2_strong","sdg3_weak","sdg3_strong","sdg5_weak","sdg5_strong","sdg8_weak","sdg8_strong","sdg9_weak","sdg9_strong","sdg10_weak","sdg10_strong","sdg11_weak","sdg11_strong","sdg12_weak","sdg12_strong","sdg14_weak","sdg14_strong","sdg16_weak","sdg16_strong","sdg17_weak","sdg17_strong","global_index_weak","global_index_strong","ratio"]
["204902599","Demersal and pelagic multi-specific fishery","Atsimo Andrefana","Atsimo Andrefana; Anakao; Anakao bas","MDG",{"v":2.633333333333333,"d":"2.6"},1.4,{"v":2.125,"d":"2.1"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":2.958333333333333,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4.1"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.396428571428572,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.358766233766234,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.627272727272727,"d":"2.6"},{"v":4.591655570350643,"d":"4.6"}]
["205184401","Demersal and pelagic multi-specific fishery","Anosy","Anosy; Fort-dauphin; Ambinanibe","MDG",3.4,1.8,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":2.625,"d":"2.6"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,"-","-",{"v":1.25,"d":"1.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.238095238095238,"d":"2.2"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.016341991341991,"d":"3.0"},2.3,{"v":4.210756911920232,"d":"4.2"}]
["205474963","Gleaning fishery","Atsimo Andrefana","Atsimo Andrefana; Anakao; Anakao bas","MDG",{"v":2.466666666666667,"d":"2.5"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4.1"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.267857142857143,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.271320346320346,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.545454545454545,"d":"2.5"},{"v":4.50678395705979,"d":"4.5"}]
["212668832","Demersal and pelagic multi-specific fishery","Atsimo Andrefana","Atsimo Andrefana; Anakao; Anakao bas","MDG",{"v":4.066666666666666,"d":"4.1"},3.2,{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.416666666666667,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4.1"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.917857142857143,"d":"3.9"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.733441558441558,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.162121212121212,"d":"3.2"},{"v":6.534760371282441,"d":"6.5"}]
["212724688","Gleaning fishery","Atsimo Andrefana","Atsimo Andrefana; Morombe; Befandefa; Andavadaoka","MDG",{"v":3.733333333333333,"d":"3.7"},2.2,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.083333333333333,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":4.001190476190477,"d":"4.0"},2.5,{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.763744588744589,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3.071212121212121,"d":"3.1"},{"v":5.434755430536017,"d":"5.4"}]
["213217307","Octopus fishery","Atsimo Andrefana","Atsimo Andrefana; Morombe; Befandefa; Andavadaoka","MDG",{"v":3.866666666666667,"d":"3.9"},2.6,{"v":3.125,"d":"3.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},3.5,3.5,2.5,2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.804761904761905,"d":"3.8"},2.5,{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.610281385281386,"d":"3.6"},{"v":2.971212121212122,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5.649280270956818,"d":"5.6"}]
["213262133","Demersal and pelagic multi-specific fishery","Menabe","Menabe","MDG",{"v":3.933333333333334,"d":"3.9"},1.8,{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,{"v":2.708333333333333,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.032142857142857,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":2.97034632034632,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.193939393939394,"d":"2.2"},{"v":3.825759687761363,"d":"3.8"}]
["213596396","Demersal and pelagic multi-specific fishery","Menabe","Menabe; Morondava; Betania et Nosy Kely","MDG",{"v":4.100000000000001,"d":"4.1"},2.8,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.041666666666667,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,2.5,2.5,{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},1.5,{"v":3.916666666666667,"d":"3.9"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.669047619047619,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.293398268398269,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.595454545454546,"d":"2.6"},{"v":4.718716080012404,"d":"4.7"}]
["217199137","Coastal fishery","Lagos","Lagos State; Badagry Creeks","NGA",{"v":4.600000000000001,"d":"4.6"},3.8,4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4.444444444444444,"d":"4.4"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.444444444444444,"d":"4.4"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.814285714285714,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",{"v":4.005908289241622,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.422222222222222,"d":"3.4"},{"v":6.863121317419554,"d":"6.9"}]
["217209520","Estuarine fishery","Ondo","Ondo State; Ilaje-Ese Odo; Igbokoda","NGA",{"v":3.833333333333333,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},1.5,"-","-",2.5,2.5,"-","-",{"v":3.166666666666667,"d":"3.2"},2.5,{"v":2.120370370370371,"d":"2.1"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},"-","-",{"v":3.088624338624339,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.404761904761905,"d":"2.4"},{"v":4.516441005802707,"d":"4.5"}]
["217211725","Estuarine fishery","Cross River","Akwa Obutong; New Bakassi","NGA",{"v":3.766666666666667,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},4.1,3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,"-","-",{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,{"v":3.955952380952381,"d":"4.0"},3.4,{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},"-","-",{"v":3.989550264550265,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.525925925925926,"d":"3.5"},{"v":8.60513552068472,"d":"8.6"}]
["217231352","Coastal lagoon fishery","Ogun","Ogun state; Ogun waterside","NGA",{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.166666666666667,"d":"3.2"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.708333333333333,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.166666666666667,"d":"3.2"},2.5,{"v":2.689285714285715,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1.25,"d":"1.3"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},"-","-",{"v":3.405291005291005,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.935185185185185,"d":"2.9"},{"v":7.243669105233536,"d":"7.2"}]
["217326809","Coastal lagoon fishery","Lagos","Lagos state; Lagos lagoon","NGA",{"v":2.933333333333334,"d":"2.9"},2.8,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},1.5,{"v":3.458333333333333,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},2.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.083333333333333,"d":"4.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.876190476190476,"d":"3.9"},2.5,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},"-","-",{"v":3.118452380952381,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.463333333333333,"d":"2.5"},{"v":4.760130837724879,"d":"4.8"}]
["217458493","Estuarine fishery","Bayelsa","Bayelsa; Nembe; Ekperiama;  latitude 40 38’ 19’’N and longitude 60 17’46’’ E","NGA",{"v":4.399999999999999,"d":"4.4"},3.2,{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4.416666666666667,"d":"4.4"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":4.135714285714285,"d":"4.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.768398268398268,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3.154545454545455,"d":"3.2"},{"v":6.138928067700993,"d":"6.1"}]
["218815196","Lobster Fishery","Anosy","Anosy; Fort-dauphin; Mahatalaky; Sainte Luce","MDG",3.6,2.2,{"v":1.666666666666667,"d":"1.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.208333333333333,"d":"3.2"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,"-","-",{"v":1.25,"d":"1.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.833333333333333,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.991666666666667,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},"-","-",{"v":3.288333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.528333333333333,"d":"2.5"},{"v":4.326754385964914,"d":"4.3"}]
["218818449","Mangrove crab fishery","Menabe","Menabe; Morondava","MDG",3.2,1.6,{"v":1.25,"d":"1.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.791666666666667,"d":"2.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.625,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.579166666666667,"d":"2.6"},{"v":2.125,"d":"2.1"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-","-",{"v":2.669583333333333,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1.8475,"d":"1.8"},{"v":3.247339077546884,"d":"3.2"}]
["218823285","Shrimp Fishery","Menabe","Menabe; Morondava; Avaradrova et Sans Fil","MDG",{"v":4.533333333333333,"d":"4.5"},3.6,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.583333333333333,"d":"3.6"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.916666666666667,"d":"3.9"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.739285714285714,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.168722943722944,"d":"3.2"},{"v":2.471212121212121,"d":"2.5"},{"v":4.542901474010861,"d":"4.5"}]
["220969778","Seabass fishery","Bretagne","Bretagne; Finistère North","FRA",{"v":4.166666666666667,"d":"4.2"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4.375,"d":"4.4"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},"-","-",{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},1.5,{"v":2.65,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},1.5,1.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},"-","-",{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.44047619047619,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},2.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":2.89431216931217,"d":"2.9"},{"v":2.240740740740741,"d":"2.2"},{"v":4.428455778182553,"d":"4.4"}]
["221322560","Lagoon Fishery","Languedoc-Roussillon","Occitanie; Hérault; Thau lagoon","FRA",{"v":3.466666666666667,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.625,"d":"4.6"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},"-","-",{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},1.5,{"v":2.65,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},3.5,3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.833333333333333,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.390833333333333,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.891666666666667,"d":"2.9"},{"v":6.792988313856429,"d":"6.8"}]
["226678798","Estuarine catfish fishery","Coast","Lower Tana Delta and Ungwana Bay","KEN",{"v":3.366666666666667,"d":"3.4"},2.6,{"v":3.875,"d":"3.9"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.708333333333333,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-","-",3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.555555555555555,"d":"4.6"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":2.907142857142857,"d":"2.9"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",{"v":3.268077601410935,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.585185185185185,"d":"2.6"},{"v":4.785640495867765,"d":"4.8"}]
["229377427","Octopus fishery","Coast","National, Lamu, Kilifi, Mombasa and Kwale counties","KEN",{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.125,"d":"3.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2.997619047619048,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.049025974025974,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.621212121212121,"d":"2.6"},{"v":7.126992157854799,"d":"7.1"}]
["229391523","Sea cucumber","Coast","Concentrated in Lamu and Kwale Counties","KEN",{"v":4.133333333333334,"d":"4.1"},3.4,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.3,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.776190476190476,"d":"2.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.155411255411255,"d":"3.2"},2.4,{"v":4.177077363896848,"d":"4.2"}]
["229401300","Shrimp Fishery","Coast","National fishery occurring in Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Tana River & Lamu Counties","KEN",4.2,3.6,{"v":3.625,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-","-",{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.178571428571428,"d":"3.2"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.483690476190476,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2.843333333333333,"d":"2.8"},{"v":5.440230526120096,"d":"5.4"}]
["229414158","Handline Snapper Fishery","Coast","Entire coastline, mostly in the Northern Kenya Banks (NKB)","KEN",{"v":3.266666666666667,"d":"3.3"},2.8,{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.834693877551021,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},"-","-",{"v":2.801802721088436,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2.505,"d":"2.5"},{"v":9.43994957597981,"d":"9.4"}]
["229522026","Basket trap fishery","Coast","National, especially in Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi Counties","KEN",{"v":3.866666666666667,"d":"3.9"},2.6,2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.166666666666667,"d":"4.2"},3.5,{"v":3.378571428571429,"d":"3.4"},2.5,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.272294372294373,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.63030303030303,"d":"2.6"},{"v":5.097100472016181,"d":"5.1"}]
["229529430","Small pelagics fishery","Coast","Kwale County (Vanga, Jimbo, Gazi and Shimoni)","KEN",4.3,3.4,{"v":4.125,"d":"4.1"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.458333333333333,"d":"3.5"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},4.5,4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.583333333333333,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.247619047619048,"d":"3.2"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.633116883116883,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3.066666666666667,"d":"3.1"},{"v":6.413832632785632,"d":"6.4"}]
["230448831","Lobster Fishery","Coast","Kwale; Mombasa, KILIFI, TANA RIVER & LAMU COUNTIES","KEN",{"v":3.466666666666667,"d":"3.5"},2.4,{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.133333333333333,"d":"4.1"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},"-","-",{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":4.611111111111111,"d":"4.6"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":3.053401360544218,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":2.976451247165533,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.231666666666666,"d":"2.2"},{"v":3.996392144923123,"d":"4.0"}]
["230473408","Gillnet fishery","Coast","Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Lamu and TanaRiver Counties","KEN",{"v":4.166666666666667,"d":"4.2"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.125,"d":"3.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.75,"d":"4.8"},4.5,{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":3.125,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2.842857142857143,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.326623376623377,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.825757575757576,"d":"2.8"},{"v":6.641745894554883,"d":"6.6"}]
["231189851","Ring net fishery","Coast","Kwale County (Vanga, Jasini, Jimbo, Gazi) and Kilifi County (Kiifi Central)","KEN",4.2,3.6,{"v":2.875,"d":"2.9"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.958333333333333,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},2.5,{"v":2.745238095238096,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.267748917748918,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.78939393939394,"d":"2.8"},{"v":6.831221719457014,"d":"6.8"}]
["234656012","Lobster fishery","San Andres","San Andres, Providencia and St. Catalina Archipelago (Colombia)","COL",{"v":4.666666666666667,"d":"4.7"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",2.5,1.5,{"v":3.541666666666667,"d":"3.5"},2.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.930952380952381,"d":"2.9"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.263928571428572,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.583333333333333,"d":"2.6"},{"v":4.79569704390414,"d":"4.8"}]
["236739061","Lobster fishery","Guajira","La Guajira department in Colombia. Its capital Riohacha and the municipalities of: Manaure and Uribia.","COL",{"v":2.566666666666667,"d":"2.6"},1.2,{"v":1.166666666666667,"d":"1.2"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-","-",{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.013888888888889,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-","-","-","-","-","-",{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.454761904761904,"d":"2.5"},{"v":1.666666666666667,"d":"1.7"},{"v":1.333333333333333,"d":"1.3"},{"v":1.333333333333333,"d":"1.3"},"-","-",{"v":2.219331065759637,"d":"2.2"},1.6,{"v":3.583432494279175,"d":"3.6"}]
["240049975","Mangrove cockle","Coste","Coastal regions; provinces Esmeraldas, Manabi, Guayas and El Oro","ECU",3.6,2.8,{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.6,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.625,"d":"2.6"},2.5,{"v":2.514285714285715,"d":"2.5"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",{"v":3.067261904761905,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.496666666666667,"d":"2.5"},{"v":5.375547673690799,"d":"5.4"}]
["240057188","Shrimp Fishery","Coste","Gulf of Guyaquil","ECU",{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},2.4,1.5,2.5,2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,1.5,{"v":1.995238095238095,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},"-","-",{"v":2.66452380952381,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.083333333333333,"d":"2.1"},{"v":4.584596476853744,"d":"4.6"}]
["240617354","Mangrove crab fishery","Boeny","Boeny; Mariarano; Marosakoa et Berafia","MDG",3.7,2.6,{"v":3.625,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},"-","-",{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.625,"d":"2.6"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.514285714285714,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.488095238095238,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2.751666666666666,"d":"2.8"},{"v":4.736501778208857,"d":"4.7"}]
["240617356","Demersal and pelagic multi-specific fishery","Boeny","Boeny; Mahajanga 1; Mahavoky Antsahanibingo","MDG",{"v":3.866666666666667,"d":"3.9"},2.6,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},2.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.083333333333333,"d":"3.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.754761904761904,"d":"2.8"},1.5,{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.268614718614718,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.660606060606061,"d":"2.7"},{"v":5.375934496262017,"d":"5.4"}]
["240617360","Shrimp Fishery","Boeny","Boeny; Mariarano; Ankomany","MDG",3.8,2.4,{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,{"v":2.708333333333333,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.833333333333333,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.060714285714286,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":1.75,"d":"1.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.188095238095238,"d":"3.2"},{"v":2.445454545454545,"d":"2.4"},{"v":4.292917516758963,"d":"4.3"}]
["240617363","Multispiecies Fish Fishery","Diana","DIANA; Diégo; Diégo 1; Lazaret et La Pierrot","MDG",4.3,3.4,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.041666666666667,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.083333333333333,"d":"3.1"},2.5,{"v":2.883333333333333,"d":"2.9"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.459848484848485,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2.990909090909091,"d":"3.0"},{"v":7.378029079159925,"d":"7.4"}]
["240617367","Common squid fishery","Diana","DIANA; Diédo; Diégo 1; Lazaret Nord","MDG",{"v":4.533333333333333,"d":"4.5"},3.6,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.024999999999999,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.732575757575757,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.236363636363636,"d":"3.2"},{"v":7.522137404580154,"d":"7.5"}]
["240617370","Octopus fishery","Diana","DIANA; Diégo 2; Ramena","MDG",{"v":4.466666666666667,"d":"4.5"},3.4,{"v":3.625,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3.125,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.916666666666667,"d":"2.9"},2.5,{"v":3.229761904761905,"d":"3.2"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.601190476190476,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3.127272727272727,"d":"3.1"},{"v":7.598766841744685,"d":"7.6"}]
["240617373","Multispicies fish fishery","Analanjirofo","Analanjirofo; Fenerive Est; Fenerive Est; Sahavola et Ampasipotsy","MDG",{"v":4.233333333333333,"d":"4.2"},3.2,{"v":3.625,"d":"3.6"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":2.791666666666667,"d":"2.8"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},2.5,{"v":2.44047619047619,"d":"2.4"},{"v":1.333333333333333,"d":"1.3"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},2.5,{"v":3.402164502164502,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.904545454545454,"d":"2.9"},{"v":6.836885602435836,"d":"6.8"}]
["240617376","Lobster fishery","Analanjirofo","Analanjirofo; Fenerive-Est; Fenerive-Est; Ampasipotsy","MDG",{"v":4.233333333333333,"d":"4.2"},3.5,{"v":3.833333333333333,"d":"3.8"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.75,"d":"4.8"},4.5,{"v":2.875,"d":"2.9"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,2.5,2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.416666666666667,"d":"3.4"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.284523809523809,"d":"3.3"},2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-","-",{"v":3.539285714285715,"d":"3.5"},{"v":2.966666666666666,"d":"3.0"},{"v":6.180873180873174,"d":"6.2"}]
["240617382","Shrimp fishery","Vatovavy Fitovinany","Vatovinany; Mananjary; Ankatafana; Ankatafana","MDG",{"v":3.566666666666666,"d":"3.6"},2.2,{"v":2.625,"d":"2.6"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.958333333333333,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.880952380952381,"d":"2.9"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},1.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3.070995670995671,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.540909090909091,"d":"2.5"},{"v":5.793385055124542,"d":"5.8"}]
["240617386","Lobster Fishery","Vatovavy Fitovinany","Vatovavy; Mananjary; Ankatafana; Ambohimiarina and Vatovavy; Mananjary; Mahatsara Sud; Ampandimanana","MDG",{"v":4.399999999999999,"d":"4.4"},3.2,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},3.5,{"v":2.916666666666667,"d":"2.9"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.071428571428572,"d":"3.1"},{"v":1.666666666666667,"d":"1.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},"-","-",{"v":3.43047619047619,"d":"3.4"},{"v":2.753333333333333,"d":"2.8"},{"v":5.066104078762307,"d":"5.1"}]
["240617391","Multispecies Fish Fishery","Vatovavy Fitovinany","Vatovavy; Maela; Anilavinany and Vatovavy; Ankatafana; Ankatafana and Vatovavy; Mahatsara Sud; Ampandimanana","MDG",{"v":3.466666666666667,"d":"3.5"},2.4,{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2.583333333333333,"d":"2.6"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.083333333333333,"d":"3.1"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.501190476190476,"d":"2.5"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.012229437229438,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.490909090909091,"d":"2.5"},{"v":5.778077641685691,"d":"5.8"}]
["240829746","Mangrove crab fishery","Coste","Coastal Region, Provinces: Guayas, El Oro - Gulf of Guayaquil, Jambeli Archipelgo-, Manabi - Chone River Estuary.","ECU",{"v":3.033333333333333,"d":"3.0"},2.6,{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.375,"d":"3.4"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.416666666666667,"d":"3.4"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.836904761904762,"d":"2.8"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},2.5,{"v":3.105627705627706,"d":"3.1"},{"v":2.804545454545455,"d":"2.8"},{"v":10.31488138030194,"d":"10.3"}]

{"sheet":"targets","index":1,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":37,"rows_kept":11}
["_id","d_SSF_name","Region","Location","Country","T.1.1","T.1.2","T.1.4","T.2.1","T.2.3","T.3.3","T.3.4","T.5.5","T.5.A","T.8.2","T.8.4","T.8.5","T.8.7","T.8.8","T.8.9","T.9.4","T.10.1","T.11.1","T.11.4","T.12.2","T.12.3","T.12.C","T.14.1","T.14.2","T.14.4","T.14.5","T.14.6","T.14.7","T.14.B","T.16.7","T.17.3","T.17.11"]
["226678798","Estuarine catfish fishery","Coast","Lower Tana Delta and Ungwana Bay","KEN",{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.6,4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-",3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},2.5,3.6,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-",{"v":1,"d":"1.0"}]
["229377427","Octopus fishery","Coast","National, Lamu, Kilifi, Mombasa and Kwale counties","KEN",{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,2.5,3.5,3.4,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"}]
["229391523","Sea cucumber","Coast","Concentrated in Lamu and Kwale Counties","KEN",{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.4,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},"-",{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.6,{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"}]
["229401300","Shrimp Fishery","Coast","National fishery occurring in Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Tana River & Lamu Counties","KEN",{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},3.6,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-",{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},4.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},2.5]
["229414158","Handline Snapper Fishery","Coast","Entire coastline, mostly in the Northern Kenya Banks (NKB)","KEN",3.5,2.8,3.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},"-",{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,3.2,{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},2.5,{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},2.5,{"v":3.142857142857143,"d":"3.1"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},"-"]
["229522026","Basket trap fishery","Coast","National, especially in Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi Counties","KEN",4.5,2.6,4.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},2.5,{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,3.9,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.666666666666667,"d":"3.7"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"}]
["229529430","Small pelagics fishery","Coast","Kwale County (Vanga, Jimbo, Gazi and Shimoni)","KEN",4.5,3.4,{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":4.75,"d":"4.8"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":4.75,"d":"4.8"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},4.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,3.9,{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},3.5]
["230448831","Lobster Fishery","Coast","Kwale; Mombasa, KILIFI, TANA RIVER & LAMU COUNTIES","KEN",{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},2.4,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},4.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":2.333333333333333,"d":"2.3"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},"-",{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},"-",{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},2.5,{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},4.5,3.5,3.1,{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.25,"d":"2.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.333333333333333,"d":"3.3"},{"v":2.857142857142857,"d":"2.9"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"}]
["230473408","Gillnet fishery","Coast","Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Lamu and TanaRiver Counties","KEN",4.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3.25,"d":"3.3"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},4.5,3.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},{"v":5,"d":"5.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},2.5,{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},2.5,3.9,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"}]
["231189851","Ring net fishery","Coast","Kwale County (Vanga, Jasini, Jimbo, Gazi) and Kilifi County (Kiifi Central)","KEN",4.5,3.6,4.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":2.75,"d":"2.8"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},4.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.5,2.5,{"v":4.25,"d":"4.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},2.5,2.5,{"v":4,"d":"4.0"},3.5,{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},3.3,{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},2.5,{"v":2.666666666666667,"d":"2.7"},{"v":2,"d":"2.0"},{"v":3.75,"d":"3.8"},{"v":4.333333333333333,"d":"4.3"},{"v":3,"d":"3.0"},{"v":1,"d":"1.0"}]

{"sheet":"variables","index":2,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":45,"rows_kept":11}
["_id","Country","ecosystem_health","stock_health","stewardship","mngmnt_effect","comp_formal","comp_informal","fish_effort","gear_ecosystem","gear_bycatch","gear_debris","innovation","inv_women","inv_men","inv_child","res_women","res_men","market","food_depend","food_security","waste_share","waste_growth","fuel","inc_fish","inc_local","inc_international","inc_growth","house","epidemics","health","particip_women","particip_men","educ","mobility","work_cond_women","work_cond_men","cult_h","econ_growth","tourism","coop","subsidies","global_resource","export_share","export_growth"]
["226678798","KEN",2,2,4,3,1,1,3,1,5,3,3,2,5,4,4,5,3,5,4,5,5,5,4,2,2,5,2,3,3,2,5,2,4,1,1,4,"-",1,2,5,"-",1,1]
["229377427","KEN",3,3,3,3,1,3,2,1,4,4,3,3,5,5,3,5,2,3,3,4,3,2,4,3,2,2,4,3,2,4,5,3,4,3,3,2,2,2,3,3,2,4,2]
["229391523","KEN",3,1,1,1,1,"-",1,5,5,5,1,1,5,5,5,5,3,5,3,5,5,3,3,5,5,3,5,3,3,3,5,1,5,3,3,5,1,"-",1,5,1,5,1]
["229401300","KEN",3,2,3,3,1,1,4,4,4,4,3,1,5,3,3,5,3,5,3,4,5,5,5,5,5,3,3,5,5,5,5,2,4,1,5,2,"-",1,3,5,1,4,1]
["229414158","KEN",3,2,3,2,2,3,2,4,4,4,2,2,5,4,2,5,3,3,2,4,2,2,3,4,4,2,3,3,3,3,5,2,2,"-",2,2,2,3,3,2,1,"-","-"]
["229522026","KEN",1,3,3,3,3,4,2,5,5,4,3,3,5,5,4,5,4,4,2,5,5,4,5,3,4,2,3,4,4,4,5,1,3,3,2,1,3,1,1,4,3,1,1]
["229529430","KEN",3,3,4,4,2,2,2,4,2,4,4,5,5,4,5,5,4,3,4,4,5,1,5,4,4,5,4,3,3,3,5,2,5,3,3,4,5,1,4,5,2,4,3]
["230448831","KEN",2,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,1,1,5,5,1,5,5,5,2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,1,3,3,1,5,1,3,"-",1,3,"-",5,3,4,1,3,3]
["230473408","KEN",1,1,3,3,2,3,1,5,4,4,2,3,5,5,5,5,4,5,3,5,4,4,5,3,4,2,2,5,4,4,5,3,4,1,3,2,2,2,4,4,2,1,1]
["231189851","KEN",2,2,3,2,2,3,2,2,2,4,3,4,5,3,4,5,4,4,3,4,4,4,4,4,5,2,3,3,4,5,5,4,3,1,4,2,2,2,3,3,3,1,1]

{"sheet":"curated_forms","index":3,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":107,"rows_kept":11}
["_id","d_SSF_name","d_country","t_region","d_participants","ssf_characteristic/participants","d_SSF_type","d_n_fisher","d_scale","d_harvest_area","d_ecosystem","ssf_characteristic/ecosystem_other","d_Num_ecosystems","t_species","t_gear_type","j_fishing_practice","d_govern_mode","ssf_characteristic/govern_mode_other","d_rule","j_govern","j_events","d_threat1","d_threat2","d_threat3","d_stewardship","ssf_characteristic/dscrpt_steward_other","s_ecosystem_health","j_ecosystem_health","s_stock_health","j_stock_health","s_stewardship","j_stewardship","s_mngmnt_effect","j_mngmnt_effect","s_comp_formal","s_comp_informal","j_comp","s_fish_effort","j_fish_effort","s_gear_ecosystem","s_gear_bycatch","s_gear_debris","j_gear","s_innovation","j_innovation","s_inv_women","s_inv_men","j_inv","s_inv_child","j_inv_child","s_res_women","s_res_men","j_res","s_market","j_market","s_food_depend","j_food_depend","s_food_security","j_food_security","s_waste_share","s_waste_growth","j_waste","s_fuel","j_fuel","s_inc_fish","s_inc_local","s_inc_international","s_inc_growth","j_income","s_house","j_house","s_epidemics","s_health","j_health","d_cohesion","j_cohesion","s_particip_women","s_particip_men","j_particip","s_educ","j_educ","s_mobility","j_mobility","s_work_cond_women","s_work_cond_men","j_work_cond","s_cult_h","j_cult_h","s_econ_growth","j_econ_growth","s_tourism","j_tourism","s_coop","j_coop","s_subsidies","s_global_resource","s_export_share","s_export_growth","j_global","add_info/misc","add_info/reference","__version__","meta/instanceID","_uuid","_submission_time","_index","_parent_index"]
["226678798","Estuarine catfish fishery","KEN","Lower Tana Delta and Ungwana Bay","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","singlespecific",200,"local",1000,"estuary mangrove mudflat",null,"Multiple ecosystems","African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus), African sea catfish (Arius africanus), White barbel (Galeichthys feliceps)","Set gillnets, longline, conical traps","Setting is done in the morning after 2-4 hours retrieval is done, overnight setting from 4 pm to 6 am in the morning; use of dug out canoes a crew of 2 members.","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","It follows the regulations stipulated in the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and fisheries BMU regulations 2021","Reduced catches over the years due to use of monofilament gillnets, erosion of river banks, increase sedimentation. Drying of oxbow lakes has resulted to lower catches.","ecosystem_health","pollution_erosion","climate_environmental","physical_act fish_manage engagement_collab",null,2,"The ecosystem is negatively impacted by trawlers fishing in the area.",2,"No stock assessment of the fishery has been done. The potential yield is yet to be known but fishers reports to harvesting at least 2kg per person per day.",4,"There is co- management form of stewardship practices between the Beach Management Units and the Fisheries officers, involved in some conservation practices.",3,"Average; management strategies to utilize resources sustainably in place, with average capacity to achieve targets.",1,1,"There is no 100% compliance to the set management rules; some fishers comply while others do not.",3,"The number of fishers have not increased drastically though there is high use of illegal monofilament nets.","1",5,"3","There is a severe damage to the ecosystem  due to use of monofilament nets which can breakout and leave pieces on the ocean.  Minimal discards are associated with the fishery. There could be gear losses that can cause a significant impact to the ecosystem and also incidences of ghost fishing.",3,"There have been minor improvement in gears used from gill nets to long line hooks.",2,5,"A few women are involved in the fishery. Men are actively involved in the fishing.",4,"A few children  are involved in the fishery and use handlines to target fish.",4,5,"Women rights are recognized and respected even though women are not the primary harvesters of the resource, they access it at the marketing sites. Men's rights to access the resource is recognized and respected and  are actively involved in fishing.",3,"Access to local market does not have defined market structures but buyers can bargain for fair prices although there is no export of catch to international market.",5,"Majority of catches are sold.",4,"The fishery moderately contributes to food security although it is seasonal. Therefore the actor group will have access to safe, secure and sufficient food during the peak seasons.",5,5,"There are minimal food losses along the supply chain. There was a reduction of food waste losses over the past ten years due to electrification of the area, storage of produce has improved.",5,"There is minimal quantity of fuel consumed compared to other national food production systems. The fishers use unmotorized crafts, therefore no fuel required.",4,2,"2","5","Fisher can generate a great majority of their revenue through fishery related activities and also a few other sources. Apart from fisheries related activities others do agriculture to generate revenue. Fishers income is slightly below the minimum wage and varies according to seasons. Most fishers are able to live above the international poverty line of 2.15 USD  a day.",2,"Some fishers  do not have adequate housing, they just live on river banks while others have semi- permanent housing  but can access basic needs.","3","3","The community does not suffer from any severe and chronic epidemics, They are relatively exposed to vector-borne diseases such as Malaria, Bilharzia. Fishers household health is  scored medium as they have access to a dispensary that offers health services.",5,"Strong social ties amongst fishers as they live as a fisher community. They have social set ups in terms of settlements and have social welfare initiatives.",2,5,"In many cases women do not take full participation in decision making. Men's participation in decision making is high, they take full responsibility in decision making process.",2,"Fishers are moderately engaged in formal education, level of education low. Fishers attend free quality education but may not attend for  long.",4,"There is access to alternative livelihood such as small scale crop production, and livestock rearing. Fishers may benefit from chances of alternative income outside the fishery, or switch to other fisheries.",1,1,"There is no regulation of working conditions,  women are not directly involved in the fishing activity. Most of the male fishers are self employed and do not bargain with anyone for working conditions.","4","They have high significance in safeguarding their cultural heritage, although no data to support the information.","ND","There was no reference material on the economic growth related to the fishery.","1","The products from the fishery do not contribute to tourism.",2,"There is low to medium percentage of cooperation with other economic sectors. There is an aspect of social cooperation through Beach Management Units and that can determine the level of cooperation.","5",null,"1","1","No known  subsidies are received by the SSF. There is no information/data on global resource mobilization on the fishery. The fishery is local, no record of exported products.",null,"Literature ECF-14_31_31.zip","v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:2db40bf7-1490-4844-99c1-66ad4270dcfc","2db40bf7-1490-4844-99c1-66ad4270dcfc","2023-03-21T11:38:34",20,-1]
["229377427","Octopus fishery","KEN","National, Lamu, Kilifi, Mombasa and Kwale counties","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","singlespecific",727,"national",9700,"coral_reef Lagoons","Lagoons","Multiple ecosystems","Common octopus (Octopus Vulgaris) and big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea)","Spear gun; Hook and sticks","Octopus fishing can be through diving or walking searching for the target. Seasonal closures in some areas.","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","Fisheries ACT. 2016 and the fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021","Climate change with increased temperatures  and salinity.","ecosystem_health","other","climate_environmental","physical_act fish_manage",null,3,"The ecosystem health is average. Fishers and divers may trample on the corals and degrade them. Octopus hides in corals . Corals rehabilitation for ecosystem restoration.",3,"On average, the fish stock health is still productive. All interviewed fishers said that the octopus stock has been declining where the sizes and total catches have reduced, fishers have to dive deeper and longer to search for the octopus. This shows that although the stock is still productive, there are rates of decline over the years.",3,"In general, average number of fishers engage in efforts to protect and conserve the environmental, engage in stewardship practices like coral reef restoration, closed seasons, Community Conservation Areas and MPAs.",3,"In general, the management system is averagely sustainable and efficient. Enforcement may be a challenge in closed seasons and restricting fishing with diving tanks (which is prohibited).",1,3,"The general level of compliance to formal rules is low. The fishers are still using illegal gears, operate fishing activities without permits and licenses and few fishers pay revenue fee. The octopus fishers generally comply with the set informal rules which include BMU by-laws, cultural norms and traditions.",2,"The fishing effort for octopus has significantly increased. This is due to increase in more fishing hours, more fishermen, improvisation of technology like diving tanks which enable fishers to stay in the water for longer as they search for the octopus.","1",4,"4","Damage to the ecosystem may occur. Some fishers use spearguns which break corals and injure fish.  Foot fishers and divers trample and break corals to remove the octopus from their hideouts which degrades the habitats. For this fishery, there this no or minimal bycatch. The gears especially hook and stick are selective and rarely catch other fish apart from octopus. There is few to no gear losses",3,"Minor improvement of the technology, fishers now use diving tanks which enable them stay for longer hours in the water searching for octopus. Use engine boats to enhance fishing, cooler boxes for preserving the catches.",3,5,"Some of the women are involved in octopus fishing (footfishers), processing and selling octopus. Men's involvement in octopus fishing is very high as they are actively involved in fishing in the sea by diving into the ocean to fish octopus, also are involved in the value chain from processing to the market.",5,"According to fisheries regulation, persons below 18 are not allowed to fish. Children not allowed to go fishing because octopus fishing needs skills and expertise.",3,5,"Averagely the access to resources for women is well recognized, respected and protected though they have not yet benefited from equal access to ownership and control over resources. Access to resources for men is very well recognized, respected and protected through legitimate tenure rights and customary rights. Men can in any time own and control over resources.",2,"The average access level to markets is medium low since there is insufficient cold storage facilities, weak unity among fishers-for common markets, poor transport and market infrastructure and poor fish handling and hygiene.",3,"In many cases most of octopus caught are sold to dealers. Fishers may consume some percentage of their catches within the household.",3,"Octopus fishers generally have average access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year-round. Though octopus availablity is also dependent on seasons e.g. in South East Monsoon period the sea is always rough and diving becomes a challenge.",4,3,"In general, there is no to little wastes along the value chain, though no supporting information or data. Food losses along the supply chain have significantly reduced over the past ten years, due to improved storage facilities.",2,"The fishing fleet is motorized and consumes large fuel quantities, in some cases fishers use unmotorized boats and most women are footfishers and do not use boats.",4,3,"2","2","A great majority of the octopus SSF groups' revenues is generated from fisheries-related activities.  Income sometimes depend on octopus catch and seasonality, but their standards is averagely good compared to other occupations. Average of the octopus fishers live above the international poverty line of 2.15 USD dollar. The economic situation of octopus workers has averagely remained stable.",4,"Average of the octopus fishers live in formal settlements where they have access to water, electricity/solar power.","3","2","In general, there are few cases of illnesses though some diseases like pressure, diarrhea exist. The fisher and household health is averagely low.",4,"There exists strong social ties among fishers building the foundation for community cohesion.",4,5,"Women are engaged in BMU meetings, BMU selfhelp groups, participate in making decisions on community projects and also in public participation. Many men are highly involved in decision making",3,"Average education/literacy level.  In surveyed areas, there is high indigenous knowledge transfer from the elderly to the youths/children.",4,"Fishers' mobility is high and have great opportunities to shift to other fisheries like sardines and basket trap and other economic activities like farming and business.",3,3,"The working conditions for women are fair though some complain of the unfair fluctuating market prices. Some few arguments and conflicts may arise in work from time to time. The men have little conflicts, fair working conditions.","2","The octopus fishers have no to very little contribution to safeguarding cultural heritage though there has been  indigenous knowledge transfer from the elderly to the youths/children. Many of the fishers have abandoned their cultures due to more education and religion which has changed the fishers beliefs, norms and traditions.","2","Generally, the fishers feel that the economic growth has declined due to the low catches.","2","Generally, the octopus fishery contribute very little to tourism. In few areas, some tourists come to the area to eat octopus delicacies, snorkel and dive in the coral reefs which are habitats for the octopus.",3,"The level of cooperation is medium where the fishers cooperate with other members of the community and with different institutions.","3",2,"4","2","Fishers have only received benefits like installation of ice plants, cooler boxes, fishing boats and gears, diving tanks, patrol and life saving boats. Resource mobilization been invested in this fishery is low. The level of global export has been stable.","https://www.nature.org/.../africa/stories-in-africa/octopus-fishing-in-lamu-kenya; Kivengea GM (2014) The biology and fishery of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier 1797) in the Kenya South coast. PhD Thesis. The University of Nairobi, Kenya.",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:d1b3c0c1-5b9e-497a-86cc-d524afc043c9","d1b3c0c1-5b9e-497a-86cc-d524afc043c9","2023-04-01T09:47:36",21,-1]
["229391523","Sea cucumber","KEN","Concentrated in Lamu and Kwale Counties","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","singlespecific",85,"national",9697,"coral_reef kelp Lagoons","Lagoons","Multiple ecosystems","Sandfish (Holothuria scabra), Herrmann's sea cucumber (Stichopus hermani), Pineapple sea cucumber (Thelenota ananas), The black teatfish (Holothuria nobilis), White teeth (Holothuria fuscogilva) etc.","Scoop nets, hand picking","Foot fishers and divers/scuba involved in the fishery.","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","Co-management mode of governance, following the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and the fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021","Tsunami event in 2004","poor_governance__lack_of_accountability_","climate_environmental","other","other","No stewardship",3,"Healthy ecosystems, though some degradation in the seagrass beds from sedimentation and pollution.",1,"Overfished leading to some of the species being red listed; though during the South East Monsoon (SEM) season collection is minimal hence self regulating in terms of replenishing of the fishery.",1,"No stewardship practices.",1,"Inefficient management, Existing regulations are not enforced nor are they adhered to by the fishermen/traders.",1,null,"Existing regulations are not enforced nor are they adhered to by the fishermen/traders.",1,"Use of traditional vessels hence fishing effort is concentrated in the nearshore areas.","5",5,"5","Minimal damage on ecosystem, fishery is highly selective therefore no bycatch and no gear losses, target is handpicked.",1,"Still using traditional methods of collection and processing.",1,5,"Few women engaged (foot fishers) in the active fishery especially at the shores. Men are actively involved with specialization.",5,"No children involved in this fishery.",5,5,"Both women and men have equal access rights, the fishery is accessed mostly by foot and fishing is by hand picking, no restrictions.",3,"There is high demand in the international market; low bargaining power for prices by the local fishermen; fishermen rely heavily on the middlemen for export.",5,"All is sold as the locals do not believe in its consumption.",3,"Mainly consume fish and fish products which are highly dependent on the seasons.",5,5,"Nothing is lost or spoil, extra care is taken in handling the catch.",3,"Utilize both motorised and un-motorised vessels, others are footfishers.",3,5,"5","3","Combined livelihoods sources, Highly valued compared to the other fisheries. The income from the fishery is higher guaranteeing better welfare standards. Income growth is stable.",5,"Their living conditions are well above those of non-fishers.","3","3","Cases of epidemics seasonal especially during floods. Have access to medical services, Fish consumption contributes to their health.",3,"Seek individual satisfaction from the group venture.",3,5,"Women partially involved while most fear taking leadership responsibilities due their culture, religion. Men are actively involved.",1,"Higher illiteracy levels in formal education systems though most have advanced education in islamic religion.",5,"Have access to a diverse source of livelihood within the fishery sector.",3,3,"All dependent on individuals efforts while the working condition is pegged on income/ability to afford required equipment/gears/vessels.","5","Significant contribution to safeguarding cultural heritage.","1","Depletion of stocks/ increased effort/ restriction on trade of the endangered species",null,"No effect on tourism",1,"Low level of cooperation between economic sectors.","5",1,"5","1","Receive no subsidies and no global resource mobilization. All produce is exported. In 2021, 7.6 tons of dried sea cucumber were exported (FIQA Report, 2021). Species that were of low value are currently in demand compared to the past.","Conand C, Muthiga NA (Eds.) 2007. Commercial sea cucumbers: a review for the Western Indian Ocean. WIOMSA Book Series No. 5 v + 66pp.; Muthiga NA, Conand C (ed) 2014. Sea cucumbers in the western Indian Ocean: Improving management of an important but poorly understood resource. WIOMSA Book Series No. 13. viii + 74 pp; Ochiewo J, de la Torre-Castro M, Muthama C, Munyi F, Nthuta JM (2010) Socio-economic features of sea cucumber fi sheries in southern coast of Kenya. Ocean and Coastal Management 53: 192 – 202.  ; Frame survey 2020???  ; GoK, KNBS: Economic survey 2022",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:f1a1c834-c5b0-4b5a-87eb-2cff627cbd29","f1a1c834-c5b0-4b5a-87eb-2cff627cbd29","2023-04-01T11:02:27",22,-1]
["229401300","Shrimp Fishery","KEN","National fishery occurring in Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Tana River & Lamu Counties","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","singlespecific",635,"national",9698,"estuary mangrove mudflat Lagoons","Lagoons","Multiple ecosystems","Giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), Indian prawn (Penaeus indicus), speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros), kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus), green tiger prawn (Penaeus  semisulcatus)","Prawn seine nets, monofilament net, conical traps","Takes place during rainy season, fishery is commercial.","comanage",null,"law_regulation plan_strategy norm","Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016, the Prawn Fishery Management Plan and fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021","Environmental changes, Conﬂicts between prawn trawlers and small-scale ﬁshers.","stakeholder","climate_environmental","ecosystem_health","physical_act fish_manage",null,3,"The locality of fishing is away from dense human population, the bottom environment (estauries) is resilent. Cases of seasonal trawling and use of destructive nets. Localised pollution restricted to a certain area,  salt firms reduces water quality.",2,"The prawn catches were much higher than current.The stock is declining;  initiallythe catch on average about 40kg, in the past ten years but  currently about 5-6kg caught per week (85% reduction).",3,"No conservation structure in place. Few involved in conservation and stewardship practices. E.g mangrove restoration.",3,"The prawn management plan focus is specific for the Malindi-Ungwana Bay. No management for the small scale prawn fishery. Management effectiveness may be poor for this fishery, only apsects of the Fisheries Management and Development Act may be implemented in this fishery.",1,1,"Low level of compliance to set laws, No informal management in place. Free access some may comply with Beach Management Units by laws.",4,"The fishing ground is still large enough to accommodate the current number of fishers.There is both local and migrant fishers.","4",4,"4","Fishing gear has little impact on the environment. Small scale nets used. There are no discards in the fishery. There is some level of finfish landed as bycatch.  No debris or waste from fishing gear.Few to no gear losses in the fishery.",3,"No change of fishing technology over the last decade, apart from use of more efficient nets (monofilament nets).",1,5,"No women involved in active fishing. Men are actively involved in the fishery.",3,"Children not allowed to fish. In a few areas, about 20% of children are involved seasonally in fishing, during school holidays.",3,5,"Equal rights to resources but few women use their rights, few involved in trading and small scale processing. Men are actively involved. Access to the prawn resource for men is well recognized through local customs.",3,"Fish prices are controlled by supply and demand. Fish workers have no access to international markets, but local market readily available, well defined local market.",5,"The target prawns are purely for commercial purpose while bycatch is consumed locally.",3,"Fishers have access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food when prawn fishing is in season. Food is not available throughout the year.",4,5,"No catches are spoilt or lost in the value chain.There is minimal wastage. No increase in food lose or waste over the years. Everything is sold.",5,"No fuel consumption in the fishery.They are foot fishers and use unmotorized traditional vessels at times.",5,5,"5","3","Most of the fishers income is from fishing.Fishers depend on the fishery for a living. Prawn fishers income is higher than minimum wage and other people practicing other activities as it is highly commercial. Fishers income is above the international poverty level of income.Seasonal fishery but highly commercial. Growth on fishers' income is average,  there is a slight reduction in catches.",3,"Prawn fishers houses are comparable to the local standards of housing in some areas, other areas fishers live in inadequate housing, semi-permanent houses.","5","5","Fishers health is not different  from health levels of non-fishers.  Fishers have access to medical treatment when needed. Few cases of cholera reported. Fishers health is not different  from health levels of non-fishers.  Fishers have access to medical treatment when needed.",4,"There is social ties among fishers, high levels of trust, and a high sense of community.They accept both local and migrant fishers and work together.",5,5,"Both women and men have ability to participate in decision making processes, and are they informed of these processes. There is no discrimination based on gender and there are equal opportunities for access to leadership.",2,"Fishers have equal opportunities for access to education. Education systems are affordable, equitable, and of good quality. However, fishers literacy rates are low compared to national data and workers from other economic sectors.Majority are primary school drop outs.",4,"Fishers benefit from options for alternative incomes and opportunities to migrate from one fishery to another. Presence of migrant fishers notable.",1,5,"Women are self employed, involved in trading and processing. Employees and employers have good labor relations, fair wages, working time and safety. Workers benefit from safe working environments and there is no forced labor in the prawn fishery.","2","Prawn fishers contribution to safeguarding cultural heritage in some areas.","ND","Contribution of the fishery to GDP is not known.","1","The fishery does not attract tourism.",3,"The interests of prawn fishers are undermined by other economic sectors that have more decisive political and economic influence in decision-making.","5",1,"4","1","No subsidies in the fishery. No large resources invested in the fishery. Some of the catch is exported. The export market market has been shrinking compared to the local market","Mwatha G.K. 2002. Assessment of the prawn fishery, bycatch, resource-use conflicts and performance of the turtle excluder device. In: Current status of trawl fishery of Malindi- Ungwana Bay. KMFRI Tech Rep 1 2/2002, pp 44-65; Munga 2013; Fulanda 2003, Fennessy 2004, Government of Kenya.2010; Abila 2010.",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:3a59345f-065e-4486-b7a8-39c5120fac3c","3a59345f-065e-4486-b7a8-39c5120fac3c","2023-04-01T11:58:36",23,-1]
["229414158","Handline Snapper Fishery","KEN","Entire coastline, mostly in the Northern Kenya Banks (NKB)","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","multispecific",310,"regional",6500,"coral_reef deep_sea kelp mangrove mudflat",null,"Multiple ecosystems","Mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus), Dory snapper (Lutjanus fulviflamma), Serranidae, Trevallies, Barracuda, Tuna, Wahoo, Istiophoridae","Handlines, trolling lines, long lines, Droplines.","Fishers use either motorised or unmotorised boats to get to the fishing grounds.  Fiberglass boats with ice, cool boxes, out of sea for 3 days; Fishing takes place both at night and daytime, use of artificial baits (Rapala).","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","Co-management, following the regulations in the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021.","Seasonality, Coral reef destruction due to the introduction of ringnet fishery in Watamu (5yrs ago). Tsunami event in Kenya in 2004 that also contributed to the destruction of corals; Climate change.","livelihoods","food_security","stakeholder","physical_act fish_manage engagement_collab knowledge_capacity",null,3,"The gear used is environmentally friendly although environmental degradation has resulted due to climate change, illegal fishing practices such as bottom trawls by ringnet fishers and pollution.",2,"In the North Kenya Banks where the snapper fishery dominates, is seasonal. However fish stocks in the entire coast have reduced significantly due to climate change.",3,"In the North Kenya Banks the fishery is seasonal and self regulated. In other areas Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA), local no fishing zone are employed and a few SSF communities practice mangrove conservation.",2,"Kenya's fisheries are generally managed by the Fisheries management and development act 2016, however this SSF has no fishery specific management program. Inefficient management, weak enforcement.",2,3,"Formal rules exist, they are fairly adhered to. Use of illegal gears still exist despite there being national formal rules; enforcement is not effective. Informal rules are fairly followed,  although most areas have no data on the existence of informal rules in place.",2,"Most inland fishing ground are highly overcapacity and there is gradual advancement in use of motorised boats.","4",4,"4","The gear has no impact to the environment however, the use of motorized engines may cause oil spills which are harmful to the environment. The gear used in the fishery is highly selective, but sometime bycatch is encountered in the trolling lines. Gears loss occurs however this is rare and they no impact to the environment.",2,"There is minor improvements in technology such as use of artificial baits and rapalla. Diverse designs and sizes of fishing hooks have also been innovated.",2,5,"Women are not active fishers however they are only involved in marketing and processing. Men are active fishers and also market and process fish.",4,"Children are highly restricted in the fishery. They only help in fish marketing and processing only during school holidays.",2,5,"Resource is open to everyone however women are afraid of going to the sea and they also lack fishing skills, hence restricted to marketing and processing of fish ashore.",3,"Fishers usually sell to fish dealers who do the marketing. In most sites there are fairly articulated markets where workers can bargain prices.",3,"Majority of catches are sold (80-90%), however the fishers entirely depend on the catches to meet there needs.",2,"SSF actors' sovereign control over safe and nutritious food depend on the catches at sea. The fishery is opportunistic in a way that during high season the high catches would translate to safe and nutritious food, however at low season sovereignty over good food becomes out of control.",4,2,"Minimal shares of the total catches are lost. Use of motorised boats has enhanced transportation of the catches from the fishing ground to the landing site where there is  ready market for the catch. Deep water snapper fishers use ice and cooler boxes to store the catch. Food loss has significantly reduced over time, due to advancement in use of motorised boats which land the catches faster and improved storage and handling.",2,"Although most fishing fleets in the sites are unmotorised, there has been gradual increase of motorised fishing fleets that carry out the fishing activity in the inshore fishing grounds.",3,4,"4","2","A great majority of SSF worker revenues is generated from fisheries-related activities during the high season. During low season the revenue drops drastically where some fishers try to engage in some other activities to get more income. SSF actors revenue is higher than revenue for workers from other sectors, with an average of 2000/= (USD 16) per day during the high season, however since the fishery is opportunistic this is not guaranteed. During high season fishers income is above the international poverty line except for the low season where catch is low. The fishers income has declined due to reduced catches despite the current high fish prices.",3,"A few fishers live in adequate formal settlement. The living conditions of most fishers is equal to te workers in other economic sectors","3","3","SSF workers are affected by epidemics equally like other workers from other economic sectors. There stiil exist little access to proper health facilities. Fishers' health levels is similar to other workers from other sectors, contributed to by fish consumption.",4,"The actor group have strong social ties among themselves, but spend most of their time away from family members while fishing.",3,5,"Not many women have a chance to associate themselves in decision making therefore low levels of women participation. Men are actively engaged in decision-making processes because they are active actors in the fishery.",2,"Most of the SSF have not gone through formal education systems, though most have advanced education in islamic religion and indigenous knowledge.",2,"Mobility across economic sectors is very low, but they are highly mobile geographically moving from one fishing ground to another.",null,2,"There is no direct employment for women in the fishery. Poor living standards hence working conditions. For those employed by boat owners, there is good labor relations however, the dealers and boat owners would not get involved in providing and safeguard their working conditions.","2","The fishing activity for most fishers is a cultural heritage from their parents. However, religion has wiped out the believe of taking care of cultural heritage sites and the fishing activity is not associated with cultural practices.","2","Although speculated that the contribution of the SSF to the GDP has declined due to reduced catches at sea, there is no data to quantify the changes.","3","The SSF practices and products attract a number of tourists especially in Malindi area during the tuna and tuna like species migration season.",3,"There is a low level of cooperation between economic sectors. The interests of SSF workers are undermined by other economic sectors that have more decisive political and economic influence in decision-making. In some areas only a few economic sectors would cooperate with the SSF.","2",1,null,null,"Withdrawal of fuel subsidies has affected the activity, however some government projects give subsidies like gears only when they are operating. Receive little to no financial resources. No known products from this fishery are exported.","Mangi, S. C., & Roberts, C. M. (2006). Quantifying the environmental impacts of artisanal fishing gear on Kenya’s coral reef ecosystems. Marine pollution bulletin, 52(12), 1646-1660; https://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/news/last-news/tuna-and-red-snapper-lot-of-fish-on-kenyan-coast.html; 1. GoK, 2016 MARINE ARTISANAL FISHERIES FRAME SURVEY 2016 REPORT 2.  GoK 2020 FISHERIES ANNUAL STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2020 3. Anam, R. & Mostarda, E. (2012). Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Kenya.;Samoilys, M. A., George Waweru Maina, and Kennedy Osuka. \"Artisanal fishing gears of the Kenyan coast.\" CORDIO/USAID, Mombasa (2011): 36.  FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome, FAO. 2012. x + 357 pp., 25 colour plates.",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:fd636255-14d5-427b-9bd6-1ed7708d2bb6","fd636255-14d5-427b-9bd6-1ed7708d2bb6","2023-04-01T13:13:12",24,-1]
["229522026","Basket trap fishery","KEN","National, especially in Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi Counties","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","multispecific",298,"national",9700,"coral_reef kelp mudflat Lagoons","Lagoons","Multiple ecosystems","(Rabbit fishes) Siganidae, (Parrot fishes) Scaridae, (Goat fishes) Mullidae, (Emperors) Lethrinidae, (Snappers) Lutjanidae, (Surgeon fishes and unicorns) Acanthuridae, (Grunts) Haemulidae","Traps (Basket traps)","Fishers use non-motorized canoes (dug out canoes) propelled by sail power or paddles. Deployment done during the day, traps are left overnight. Catch removed the next day. A combination algae, crushed sea urchins, brittle stars, molluscs, even cabbage etc. used as bait.","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","Governance mode is Co-management, following the regulations in the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021","Fishers targeting spawning aggregations for rabbit fish, introduction of escape slot traps in 2011. Trap fishers are in constant conflict with speargun fishers.","ecosystem_health","climate_environmental","stakeholder","physical_act fish_manage knowledge_capacity monitoring",null,1,"In general, the ecosystem is degraded, especially in Mombasa County, high levels of degradation over the years due to  human activities (like port dredging which has led to poor water quality and sedimentation on critical habitats); mangroves, sea grass and coral reefs degradation, and climate change effects.",3,"The fish stock health is  average, despite the human and environmental shocks, the fish stocks health is replenishing. Stocks are seasonal.",3,"There is partial implementation of conservation/stewardship practices for this fishery. Most areas have no Community Conservation Areas. Some stewardship practices e.g not fishing within coral reefs, coral restoration and some engage in beach clean ups.",3,"The management effectiveness of this fishery is on average good but management system may be unsustainable due to limited resources.",3,4,"The fishers averagely comply with the set formal rules e.g mesh size restrictions. Poor enforcement of rules and regulations. There are no management plan directly targeting this fishery. High number of fishers generally comply with the informal rules. Informal rules include those set by BMU, community's cultural and traditional norms governing fishing.",2,"There has been increase in the number of fishermen and boats and increased fishing hours with declining catches, few areas under-capacity.","5",5,"4","The impact of basket trap fishing on ecosystem is very minimal. There are no to minimal cases of bycatch as all fish caught are edible and have market value. When the right mesh size is used of >2.5 inches, it is selective as it traps only the bigger fish. The contribution of basket traps to marine debris is very minimal and only do so when the traps are lost in the sea sometimes due to strong waves and currents.",3,"The level of innovation/technology is average, there have been several improvements e.g. use of cabbages as baits, modification of basket traps to gated traps and metallic traps which are more durable and stable in water, motorized fishing boats. The fishers carry ice boxes to preserve the fish while at sea, some use some species of seaweeds to cover the fish while at sea to keep the fish fresh.",3,5,"Women are not directly involved in basket trap fishing in the sea but are involved in the collection of bait (some use cabbage/sea weed) and finding the weaving materials, owning the basket traps, as boat owners, dealers and also Fish frying (Mama karangas). The level of men's involvement is very high. Men can be involved at any part of the value chain from fishing to the market.",5,"Children are not allowed in fishing but a few may accompany their parents and relatives when fishing during school holidays, some go to the beach to do minor tasks of carrying the fish for the fish dealers.",4,5,"Women have access to resources and exploitation of the sea but need to follow the stipulated laws and licenses. Resource is open to everyone although women are afraid of going to sea due to cultural restrictions and lack of fishing skills. Access to resources for men is very well recognized and respected.",4,"There are good roads to access markets, ready market. Efforts have been made to set up fish market centers through Beach Management Units. However there is shortage of freezers and ice for storage and preservation. Fishers have a challenge of fair market prices as the prices keep fluctuating depending on the demand and supply which is brought about by the seasons.",4,"This is variable, in some areas all the catch is sold, in others some of the catch is for consumption at home, but in many cases the catch is sold.",2,"Access to safe food is not stable all year round and their  income is inadequate to purchase highly nutritious/sufficient food; access to sufficient and nutritious food depends on the seasons. In the high seasons (North East Monsoon) fishers are more assured of food but in the low seasons (South East Monsoon) the fishers struggle with food as the catches are low.",5,5,"Minimal to no cases of food waste from fishing since the fishers always return early and sell their catch when the fish is of good quality. Food waste have not been reported.",4,"Fuel consumption for the basket trap fishers is relatively low since many fishers use paddle and sail boats. There are very few motorized boats which use petrol.",5,3,"4","2","Fishers depend on this fishery for their income, though seasonal. During the high seasons (North East Monsoon) fishers get more catch translating to more income but in the low seasons (South East Monsoon), the fishers struggle because the catches are low. In general the fisher's income averagely compares with other occupations; depends on the seasons. Majority of the fishers live above the international poverty line of 2.15 USD dollar. Though the fish prices have gone up, the catches have reduced and dependent on seasons.",3,"The level of housing compared to other sectors is average. Fishers living conditions is sligthly lower than the workers in other sectors due to unstable income.","4","4","There are minimal cases of epidemics. Fishers are dependent on  conditions of the larger community. The fishers said that the ocean itself is a cure to many diseases; fishermen at sea rarely get sick. Fishers have good health contributed to by the consumption of marine diets like fish, prawns, octopus, squid which are of high nutritious and medicinal value. Have access to medical services.",4,"There exists strong social ties among fishers building the foundation for community cohesion and they tend to share information about fishing and social life.",4,5,"Women involvement in decision making has really grown over the past years and are involved in decision making in public participation in national and community projects, meetings, leadership roles in the community and Beach Management Unity (BMU) projects. Men are still dominant in BMU membership and leadership roles in the community and are actively engaged in public participation in national and community projects,  and BMU.",1,"Fishers level of formal education is generally low. The fishers have access to primary and secondary schools, madrasas and other training institutes. Despite there being schools, many fishers have little capacity to educate their children to higher levels like secondary and colleges/universities.",3,"The level of fisher mobility is average. In some areas especially south coast, fishers are very flexible and can shift to other activities like farming, businesses especially when catches are low or when the sea conditions are rough (South East Monsoon). However other areas reported that they do not have other options due to limited knowledge, fishing gears and vessels.",3,2,"Women's working conditions are fare, though face some challenges - e.g. they have to carry the fish from the boats to the selling/processing points, conflicts arise from time to time, fluctuating fish prices dependent on market demand and supply and shortage of ice to preserve the fish. The average working conditions for men is poor, challenges of ow catches in the low seasons,  taking the fish from the landing boat to the landing site and the market, harassment from police.","1","Some fishers reported no direct cultural practice which safegurad their cultural heritage. The elder generations felt that the younger generation of fishers have abandoned their cultures due to technology, religion and education and interaction with different people of different cultures and lifestyles.","3","Generally, there has been a decline fisheries revenue due to reduced catches over the years, fluctuating income.","1","The contribution of basket trap fishery to tourism is very minimal and does not specifically attract tourism.",1,"There is minimal support provided to fishers from other economic sectors. There are some government and non-government organizations  that have been working with the fishing communities.","4",3,"1","1","No subsidies received, though there is some degree of support on fishing gears such as gear exchange programs and trainings. There are a number bankable projects initiated targeting local fishers. Local fishers rarely export their catch. The fish caught are sold locally and regionally. There is no to minimal growth in global exports. Most target species are consumed locally.","Frame Survey Report , 2014 , Fisheries Act CAP 378 (revised in 1991), CORDIO, East Africa( Artisanal fishing gears of the Kenya Coast 2011 melita et al) . KMFRI (Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute) Technical report on demersal fishery. Gomes, I., Erzini, K., & McClanahan, T. R. (2014). Trap modifification opens new gates to achieve sustainable coral reef fifisheries. Aquatic Conservation: Marine Freshwater Ecosystems, 24, 680–695. Mangi, S. C., Roberts, C. M., & Rodwell, L. D. (2007). Financial comparisons of fishing gear used in Kenya's coral reef lagoons. Ambio, 671-676.",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:12c897e6-bf8a-4395-aff8-cc14a7c43a89","12c897e6-bf8a-4395-aff8-cc14a7c43a89","2023-04-02T08:53:56",25,-1]
["229529430","Small pelagics fishery","KEN","Kwale County (Vanga, Jimbo, Gazi and Shimoni)","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","multispecific",208,"regional",2000,"kelp open_ocean",null,"Multiple ecosystems","Anchovy (Engraulis sp., Stolephorus sp.), round herring (Etrumeus teres), spotted herring (Herklotsichthys sp.), sardines (Sardinella spp.), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) etc.","Surrounding nets, Ring net","Mostly but done during the night. Boats used are Mashua (locally made) and lamps to provide light attracting the fish. The fishery is highly seasonal.","comanage",null,"law_regulation plan_strategy norm","Governance mode is Co-management, following the Small and medium pelagic fishery management plan, Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and the fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021.","Conflicts e. g. Commercial interests,Community managed areas, Transboundary conflicts","ecosystem_health","ocean_grabbing","climate_environmental","physical_act fish_manage engagement_collab",null,3,"The habitat is somehow degraded. coral reefs and fishing grounds are fairly maintained under the watch of Beach Management Unit.",3,"There is a decrease in the catch compared to the previous years. The fishers obtain average quantity of fish during the fishing activities indicating the medium stock of the fisheries. Highly seasonal.",4,"There is conservation of seagrass and coral areas. Fishers avoid fishing in coral reefs and sea grasses areas, and some communities have locally managed marine areas.",4,"On average effective. There is collaboration of both community and local government. However, not all local and national rules are implemented a few challenges with coast guards.",2,2,"Some fishermen comply with the formal rules while others do not comply with existing laws and regulations. There are still challenges of small scale fisheries complying to gear restrictions, licensing requirements and other laws and regulations. Challenges in enforcement. Some fishermen do while others do not comply with local existing laws and regulations.",2,"Fishing effort is high due to rapid increase of fishermen in the area, more fishers have ventured into fishery.","4",2,"4","The habitat is moderately degraded from fishing activities. There is SSF sensitization and creation awareness on the impact of ecosystem damage. This is minimal gear loss. very few cases of ringnet gear losses.",4,"Use of motorized vessels and improved storage and preservation. Use of pressure lamps, lights and generator, spot lights, to attract fish at night are some of the innovations.",5,5,"Women form 80% in fish value chain especially post harvest activities from boiling, drying and selling. They are not involved in direct ringnet fishing. All are involved in harvesting, highly involved in fishing and at times in post harvest activities.",4,"Children are not allowed to go fishing, though when above 18 years they can go fishing out in the sea, Few children involved in  offloading the catches and at times in the market.",5,5,"Women have access to resources, the landing sites and also in the markets, can also own boats. Men have highly defined access to resources and fishing at sea.",4,"There is an immediate market for the harvest, a high demand for fish both locally and regionally. However in some areas, challenges include failure to meet market specifications, lack of local market, lower and fluctuating prices.",3,"Variable in many areas, the catch is sold, while in other areas the catches are consumed within the household.",4,"Moderate access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food. Fish is the back-bone of the community's food.",4,5,"No to minimal shares of the catches are lost or spoilt along the value chain. Minimal catches lost in some situations like when it rains. Food losses along the supply chain have significantly reduced over the past ten years. There is minimal cases of waste due to improved storage and preservation methods.",1,"There is increased use of motorized boats which consume a lot of fuel (high amounts of petrol/diesel).",5,4,"4","5","A great majority of SSF worker revenues is generated from fisheries-related activities. Fishery is a major source of income to the local communities. SSF worker's revenue is higher than minimum wage or the revenue of people practicing other activities in the area. The fishers obtain good income from the fishing activities locally, though depends on seasonality of the fishery. Live above the international poverty line of 2.15 USD dollar. The fishers income have grown over the years as compare to other economic activities in the area.",4,"The fishers live in moderate housing, economic situation has improved, A lot of mud houses are demolished and permanent structures developed courtesy of fishing activities, therefore can afford formal settlements with good roofing, walls and power supply.","3","3","There in no/ few incidences of epidemics, few cases of illnesses, sometimes diseases like Malaria. There is good health as a result of fish consumption but in some areas (e.g. Jimbo) there are few medical facilities, though health officers bring services to the locals but no dispensary/hospital.",4,"Strong social ties among fishers build the foundation for community cohesion.",3,5,"There is average number of women participating in decision making processes, in the Beach Management Unit, women selfhelp groups. Men are actively engaged in decision-making processes.Men form high membership in Beach Management Unit, ownership and development projects.",2,"Fishers have the opportunity to access education but they are not willing. Fishing activities in Vanga has boosted the education to average level. Trainings have been offered to the fishers and locals, however some needed training in value chain addition, business and marketing.",5,"Fishers benefit from increased chances of alternative incomes (outside the fisheries sector) and have high opportunities to migrate from one fishery to another (seasonality) within or outside the country. e.g. there is regular mobility of fishers from and to Vanga, looking for perfect fishing ground.",3,3,"There is no forced labor in the SSF. Women benefit from similar working conditions to men, but most women are self employed. For men, employer and employees engage in bargaining but little is put to actions, There is satisfying working standards as per current circumstances. Challenges -Safety equipment, spend more time at sea, shortage of fishing gears, knowledge and skills, high prices and shortage of petrol for the fishing boats.","4","Fishers have a significant contribution to safeguarding cultural heritage. Fishing activities form part of culture practices in Vanga, thus have upheld their cultural heritage.","5","Before 2015 there was no sardine fishery but since its inception, over the past decade, the contribution of SSF to the Gross Domestic Product has significantly increased (though no data to support). Due to technology development, increase in fishing activites has promoted income generation per fisher.","1","Small pelagic fishery does not support or attract tourism.",4,"SSF worker's interests are well considered in the decision-making process, and other economic sectors do not undermine their interests.There is moderate cooperation of the fishery and other economic sectors.","5",2,"4","3","There are no subsidies. There is small amounts of financial help from limited sources mobilized to develop the fishery. There is moderate exports,there is a factory in Kibuyuni which buys sardines and anchovies from locals and export. The exports have remained stable.","Wanyonyi, I., Karisa, J.F., Gamoyo, M., & Mbugua, J. (2017). Factors influencing migrant fisher access to fishing grounds. Western Indian Ocean journal of marine science, 16, 27-39. Gladys M. Okemwa, George W. Maina, Cosmas N. Munga, Elizabeth Mueni, Mwaka S. Barabara, Stephen Ndegwa, Pascal Thoya, Nicholas Ntheketha (2017). Managing coastal pelagic fisheries: A case study of the small-scale purse seine fishery in Kenya, Ocean & Coastal Management. (144) 31-39.                   Evans, Louisa & Brown, Katrina & Allison, Edward. (2011). Factors Influencing Adaptive Marine Governance in a Developing Country Context: a Case Study of Southern Kenya. Ecology and Society. 16. 10.5751/ES-04084-160221.  Murunga, M., Partelow, S., & Breckwoldt, A. (2021). Drivers of collective action and role of conflict in Kenyan fisheries co-management. World Development, 141, 105413. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2021.105413.  Maina, George & Osuka, Kennedy. (2014). An EAF Baseline Report for the Small and Medium Pelagic Fisheries of Kenya.",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:f0e816c8-cf2b-425a-8a1c-eba64bac176c","f0e816c8-cf2b-425a-8a1c-eba64bac176c","2023-04-02T09:52:22",26,-1]
["230448831","Lobster Fishery","KEN","Kwale; Mombasa, KILIFI, TANA RIVER & LAMU COUNTIES","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","singlespecific",638,"national",9698,"coral_reef kelp mudflat Lagoons","Lagoons","Multiple ecosystems","Ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus), Scalloped spiny lobster (P. homarus), Longlegged spiny lobster (P. longipes), Painted spiny lobster (P. versicolor) & Pronghorn spiny lobster (P. penicillatus)","Diving; Drive in gear","The main fishing method used by artisanal fishers is skin diving, using snorkelling gears (fins and face masks). Other legal methods of lobster fishing include multi-filament gill nets and traps. There are prohibited fishing methods which are also used to target lobsters. This includes monofilament gill nets, spear guns and SCUBA gear.","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","Governance mode is Co-management, following the regulations in the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021",null,"ecosystem_health","climate_environmental","poor_governance__lack_of_accountability_","physical_act fish_manage knowledge_capacity communication_education",null,2,"There is a small percentage of degradation reported, with some areas experiencing pollution from nearby industries thereby compromising the health of the ecosystem. Though ecosystem status varies depending on the level of protection with marine protected areas having higher score for ecosystem health than areas outside the protected areas.",2,"The stock is at the risk if being depleted or near depletion. The most recent stock assessment (Mueni et al 2016) provides estimates the current spawning stock biomass (SSB) for P. ornatus at 27% which is considered to be between the limit reference point of 20% and the target reference point of 40% of biological reference points.",2,"There is partial implementation of the practices and only a few of the SSF participate in the implementation. Though enforcement and compliance is a challenge since co-management is still evolving and Beach Management Units have limited capacity.",2,"The management effectiveness is suitable but not very effective given that there is no 100% compliance. Challenges with capacity especially with the county governments and Beach Management Units have limited resources to support management of the fishery.",2,3,"Some of the fishers comply to the rules and some do not. Also compliance is dependent on the taskforce that is there to enforce the rules otherwise there will be a low level of compliance. Regulations and by-laws exists. However, challenges in enforcement, and draft lobster management plan has not been approved. Some fishers comply others do not to informal rules. Some informal rules are those applied by the Beach Management Units. Regulations and by-laws exists. However, challenges in enforcement.",3,"Most of the fishers do not have full capacity to effectively harvest a huge catch and also lack the skill, therefore can only be done by those who are skilled. Effort is concentrated in the shallow inshore areas, where most fishers skin dive.","4",5,"5","The gear and fishing practices cause minor damage to the ecosystem because the fishery is highly selective, with market demand for high quality lobsters with no injuries. Live lobster also fetch better prices in the international market. The fishery is highly selective and bycatch is minimal since the fishery is selective. There  are few to no gear losses in the fishery and the few lost do not produce marine debris.",1,"There is little technology adopted in the fishery. Traditional fishing methods used in the fishery. However, attempts to use SCUBA is a few areas although this is prohibited.",1,5,"No or very few women are involved in the fishery given that the activity is strenuous; due to the demands of the fishing (skin diving), and the market chain has limited engagement of women. Men's involvement in the fishery is high.  many men from the community take part in the fishery. Demands specific skills and effort, labour intensive.",5,"No children are involved in the fishery, they are not able to access the resources due to its nature (requires skills).",1,5,"Access to the resource by women is low;  the access rights are not recognized. Due to the strenuous and demanding nature of the fishery, women are not engaged in the fishing. In addition, most fishers are directly contracted to specific dealers with the catch sold directly to the dealers who will supply main dealers for export. Men's access to resource is high with access rights to the resource for men being highly recognized and respected.",5,"Well articulated markets exist and can also export their catches to the international markets. Huge demand for the lobster with many destined for export.",5,"Majority of the catches are sold and the fishery is done for commercial purposes.",2,"The actor group may have access to safe, nutritious meals varying with seasons.",5,5,"Minimal catches are lost,  limited as the fishery is selective, with handling of the species done to ensure limited losses and well preserved and live species fetch better prices in the market. Losses along the supply chain have significantly reduced over the past ten years.",5,"Fishers use unmotorized canoes in fishing and a few motorized ones. In addition there is use of traditional gears including non-powered canoes to access fishing grounds for most fishers.",5,5,"5","5","Majority of fishers income is generated from the fishery related activities and also earnings from the sale of lobster are higher due to better prices at the international market. Fishers income slightly high compared to the income of other fishers and a few people in other economic sectors. Lobsters fishers have the highest earnings in comparison to other fishers. The fishers  live above the international poverty line of 2.15 USD a day. Fishers income has significantly increased over the past ten years owing to the fact that there is an increase international prices for lobsters.",1,"Fishers live in semi permanent houses that might not be adequate.","3","3","Fishers might sometimes  be affected by epidemics but they may not be frequent. Fishers  have moderate levels of health and can access medical services at some point when needed due to the availability of public health facilities which charge affordable prices and fish consumption is beneficial to their health.",2,"Strong social ties to some of the fishers  to build a foundation for community cohesion. Some do not have social cohesion.",1,5,"Women  have minimal chances of participating in decision making, may lack ability to participate in rule-changing processes.  Men actively take part in decision making process. Participation through Beach Management Units.",1,"There is access to free quality education from public schools but may not attend longer. Most fishers come from communities where education levels are low.",3,"Fishers can benefit from exploiting other fisheries or practicing other economic activities.",null,1,"Not applicable since women do not take part in the fishing of lobster. Male workers cannot bargain for their working conditions and  their occupation is unsafe.","3","Some contribution to cultural heritage. Lobster fishing is cultural and traditional heritage for most of the communities that practice it; although in some areas the fishery does not contribute to cultural heritage.","ND","There was not data on the fishery's contribution to economic growth.","5","The  products attract many tourists to the area and contributes to GDP (though statistics not available).",3,"There is some level of cooperation between economic sectors and SSF workers interests are considered.","4",1,"3","3","Fishers may receive small support from NGOs which may be helpful in their work and without it they would still continue with their work. No financial resources or small amounts of financial help from limited sources are mobilized to develop the SSF. Not all of the catch is exported as some of it is also sold locally. The global exports have remained stable over the past ten years.","Frame survey Report (2014), Internal Pre-Assessment Report for the Lobster Fishery (2020), Draft Lobster Fishery Management Plan (2017)",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:6ba52559-cafd-477b-83c4-b552ba192e7f","6ba52559-cafd-477b-83c4-b552ba192e7f","2023-04-06T12:28:26",27,-1]
["230473408","Gillnet fishery","KEN","Kwale, Mombasa, Kilifi, Lamu and TanaRiver Counties","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","multispecific",685,"national",9701,"kelp mangrove mudflat open_ocean",null,"Multiple ecosystems","Sailfish (Istiophorus spp), Sharks, Tuna (Thunnus spp), Rays, small pelagic, snappers (Lutjanus spp); lethrinidae (Lethrinus spp), carangidae (Caranx spp), Rabbitfish (Siganus spp), parrot fishes (Scarus spp.)","Gillnet/ Monofilament gillnet","Gillnet drifting at night, gillnet setting both day and night. Fishing is mainly done during the day, Some fishers use multi fillament gillnets while others monofillamnet gillnets but mainly monofillament. When the sea is still, many prefer gillnet setting but when it is rough, they go for gillnet drifting,","comanage",null,"law_regulation norm","Governance mode is Co-management, following the regulations in the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and fisheries Beach Management Unit regulations 2021.","Climate change adversities- tsunami, coral reef degradation, coastal erosion, pollution, Lamu, Mombasa and Kwale port development (dredging)","climate_environmental","markets","ecosystem_health","physical_act fish_manage engagement_collab knowledge_capacity communication_education",null,1,"Ecosystem is degraded due to environmental pollution, mangrove destruction, coral and seagrass degradation, increased coastal developments",1,"Fish stock has reduced due to increased environmental changes e.g increased water currents which inhibits fishermen from going to the sea. Climatic changes have slightly affected the fish stocks health.",3,"The stewardship practices are still low it is not self-driven due to various factors e.g. limited funding. In some areas, the community has a well established Locally Managed Marine protected Areas (LMMA) and have management on the restriction of small fish catches.",3,"The laws and regulations in place under the Fisheries and Management Act, however no specific management plan in place for the fishery. Some fishers use illegal gears. The management effectiveness is moderate, a system on training for managing the resources is there but no enforcement and implementation, lack of funding.",2,3,"Not all fishers comply with the mesh size restriction of 2.5 inches. All fishers avoid fishing in the established parks. Most fishers comply with informal laws made by Beach Management Unit, however, some fishers may not comply.",1,"High fishing effort but low catches in many areas. Reports of increased number of fishers, fishing effort has increased, more fishing time and distance, more motorized boats in other areas.","5",4,"4","Gear and fishing practices cause minor damage to ecosystems. The gear used is drifted on the water surface. The fishers often fish in deeper waters therefore do not cause damage the ecosystem. Gillnet fishing has no to minimal bycatch, low chances of bycatch, gear is selective if the right mesh size is used. Although some cases of bycatch reported, most bycatches are sold, there are some gillnets which avoid bycatch incidences. A few cases of gear losses. Rare chances of gillnet loss although during strong currents, some pieces of the net are lost when fishing.",2,"Little improvement in fishing vessel and fishing gears. In the previous years, the gillnets were homemade which were not long lasting and efficient. More advanced gillnets used now.",3,5,"No women are active fishers. Women involved in post-harvest but not in the fishing. Involved in fish processing and marketing. Men involved across the value chain. Men are active fishers and also participate in fish processing and marketing.",5,"Children are strictly restricted from participating in any activity within the SSF.",5,5,"Access to resource is open to everyone. Women have free access to resources, not restricted from accessing the resource, have well recognized and respected access to licenses, resources, the landing sites and in the post harvesting practices. Men have access and control over the resources,  have well recognized and respected access to licenses, resources, fishing and ownership.",4,"The SSF has well-articulated markets (local infrastructures) where fish workers can bargain for fair prices. Consumer preference is high at local markets, no fisher is discriminated against. A few challenges e.g. price fluctuations, poor fish quality due to lack of storage.  The fish catch is seasonal (monsoon seasons) and demand and supply dictate the market prices.",5,"Very low consumption within the household. A majority of catches are sold.",3,"Fishers have access to nutritious and sufficient food but highly dependent on seasonality. Access to nutritious and safe food occurs during North East Monsoon (NEM) season when the catch is high.",5,4,"No to minimal shares of the total catches are lost or spoilt along the value chain; there are minimum losses. Food losses along the supply chain have significantly reduced over the past ten years.Fishers use motorized boats to get to the landing site fast. Use of freezers to store the catch, growth of market, and infrastructure have reduced fish losses.",4,"Medium to minimal fuel consumption. In some areas e.g. Kilifi, Mtwapa some fleets are motorized.",5,3,"4","2","Revenue from fisheries-related activities is high than non-fisheries-related activities. In some areas, fishers entirely depend on fishing; they are strictly fishers and would not engage in other revenue generating activities. The fishers income compares averagely, though dependent on the catch which is seasonal, some fishers are better than other people practicing other economic activities. Revenue is equal to international poverty line but depends on catch and seasons. Most reported that fishers' catches has fairly reduced hence the income. The income of the fishers has dropped because of an increase in the number of fishers sharing the same resource and climatic changes.",2,"Many fishers live in inadequate housing, informal settlements, and slums. Their living conditions are far below those of non-fishers. Only fish dealers have build formal houses.","5","4","Fisher community rarely suffer from epidemics. Cases of illnesses are generally low. Most of the fishers also rely on traditional knowledge to counter diseases - using some natural herbs/seaweeds to cure some illnesses. Fishers have good health resulting from fish consumption. Fish has medicinal properties. Fishers have access to proper health facilities.",5,"Fishers have strong social ties with all members of the community and between themselves, build the foundation for community cohesion.",4,5,"Women are actively engaged in decision-making processes and have the ability to make meaningful changes to rules. They benefit from equal opportunities for leadership in decision-making. Men are actively engaged in decision-making processes,",3,"Many fishers have only completed class 8 (Primary level) and few fishers have completed form four (Secondary level). Fishers highly invest in education for their children. Due to the high cost of education, fishers often struggle to take their children to proper schools and to the highest level of education. There is need for fishers' training in fishing & sea safety, business, market and value addition.",4,"They can shift from one fishery to another. Little mobility across economic sectors. High mobility between fishing grounds.",1,3,"No direct employment for women in the fishery. All women involved in the fishery are self employed. The working conditions are generally good amid a few challenges. Employees and employers have good labor relations and can bargain their working conditions: fair wages, working time, occupational health, and safety. Workers benefit from safe working environments. There is no forced labor in the SSF.","2","The new age fishers would often shun away from cultural practises and avoid them due to religious interventions. In some areas a few cultural practices","2","Over the past decade, the contribution of SSF to the Gross Domestic Product has declined due to decreased catches at sea.","2","The SSF practices and products attract a few tourists to the area.",4,"There is a high level of cooperation with other economic sectors. There is high level of cooperation with government and non governmental institutions which offer training and education.","4",2,"1","1","Fishers receive little to no subsidies. Some cases fishers receive some tools like nets, freezers and GPS from government agencies and some NGOs. Receive little financial resources from multiple sources to develop the SSF.  There is no global export , The fish are sold in local markets. No growth because there has been no export for catches from gillnet fishery.","Samoilys, M. A., George Waweru Maina, and Kennedy Osuka. \"Artisanal fishing gears of the Kenyan coast.\" CORDIO/USAID, Mombasa (2011): 36.                                                       Osuka, K., J. A. Kawaka, and M. A. Samoilys. \"Evaluating Kenya’s coastal gillnet fishery: trade-offs in recommended mesh-size regulations.\" African Journal of Marine Science 43.1 (2021): 15-29. Argent and Kimmel 2005; Mangi and Roberts 2006",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:e29d3784-a317-43d2-bea3-2c1b73dccdbb","e29d3784-a317-43d2-bea3-2c1b73dccdbb","2023-04-06T14:14:16",28,-1]
["231189851","Ring net fishery","KEN","Kwale County (Vanga, Jasini, Jimbo, Gazi) and Kilifi County (Kiifi Central)","Multiple stakeholders","fisher NGO government academic","multispecific",861,"national",9698,"kelp open_ocean",null,"Multiple ecosystems","Sardines (Sardinella spp), Tuna (Thunnus spp) and Tuna-like species, Big eye scad (Selar crumnepholus), Indian mackerel (Rastelliger kanagurta), Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis), Barracuda (Sphyraena spp.), Half-beaks (Hemiramphus spp. e.g H. lutkei)","Surrounding net,  Ring net fishery (Small Purse Seine)","Operates 30 - 40 km from landing sites; Ringnets: A cork line (float rope) strung with cork floats keeps the ringnet afloat, and a weighted lead rope with purse rings at the lower edge of the net ensures that the net hangs vertically in the water column. The fishing operation includes the use of SCUBA divers to locate schooling fish and guide them towards the ring net. Use motorized boats, every fisher with area of responsibility during the operation. Ringnet fishing is done during  the day.","comanage",null,"law_regulation plan_strategy norm","Governance mode is Co-management, following the Small and medium pleagic fishery management plan, Fisheries Management and Development Act, 2016 and Beach Management Unit regulations, 2021","Ring net introduced into Kenyan waters from Pemba, Tanzania in the late 1990s, conflict on mesh sizes, ring net mainly associated with migrant fishers from Pemba.","stakeholder","ecosystem_health","pollution_erosion","physical_act fish_manage engagement_collab communication_education",null,2,"From published paper and Beach Management Unit personal communications, the net makes contact with the bottom causing damage on sheltered and nursery grounds. The ring nets fish in shallow waters, in sea grass and coral beds, therefore the beds are destroyed but are now recovering.",2,"Being a non selective gear the ring net fishery has depleted the fish stocks. Stocks varies with seasons.",3,"The community is involved in mangrove restoration and beach clean ups.",2,"Low sustainable and effectiveness in the management, resources may be limited.",2,3,"The fishing communities on ring net may not comply with formal fishers ACT 2016 and management rules. However, some follow the stipulated formal rules. A mix in complying with the informal rules, some Many comply with informal laws and Bylaws within the community, while others never comply.",2,"Fishermen have increased but the catch has remained stable over the years.","2",2,"4","Reports are mixed, in some areas reporting minimum damage unless net gets stuck in the coral reefs, while others report that the ring nets fish in shallow waters, in sea grass and coral beds, therefore they highly destroy the ecosystem. Ring net fishers use a very small mesh size net therefore they land very small sized juvenile fish. The small mesh size makes them catch very small juvenile fishes. No gear loss or very low quantities of marine debris. Gear loses are very rare in this type of fishery since they have divers to keep watch on the net.",3,"More high-tech equipment, and efficient processing along the value chain. The fishers are now transitioning from dugout vessels to using fibre boats.",4,5,"Women are only involved in fish processing and marketing. The fishery is mainly dominated by men both in active fishing and in trading.",3,"Children are not actively involved in fishing, this is due to government regulation on child labour. Many children at the age of 10 to 20 are involved; carry fish for the women who buy from fishers and may occasionally be involved in fish trading.",4,5,"Access to resources for women is well recognized, respected, and protected. No restriction to women from accessing the resource but the women are only fearful to get involved.  Access to resources for men is very well recognized, respected and protected.",4,"Ring net catches easily access the markets where fish workers can bargain for fair prices.",4,"About 10% could be consumed within the household; 90% for commercial purposes. Majority of the catch is mainly for sale.",3,"Ring net fishers always have access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food most of the time. In some areas e.g. Kilifi, fishers have access to food security only during high season while during low season most fishers struggle.",4,4,"Very minimal shares of the total catches is wasted. Very low food wasted along the value chain. Minimum growth in food waste, improved preservation methods.",4,"Ring net vessels is usually with an outboard engine. The motorized vessels can consume approximately 50 litres per day.",4,4,"5","2","A great majority of the ringnet fishers revenues is generated from fisheries-related activities. Ring net fisher revenue depends on the seasons, during the North East Monsoon getting higher than South East Monsoon season. The economic situation of ring net fisher  has been on the increase as compared to workers in other economic sectors. Many of the fishers live above the poverty line. Revenue is equal to international poverty line.",3,"Many fishers live in moderately adequate village  with formal house. Fishers live in poor housing, though dealers and investors have a higher income therefore better housing.","3","4","The fisher community  have very low epidemics due to good hygiene. Moderately healthy. Fishers mainly depend on fish a a food source therefore very healthy as compared to other occupations. Have access to medical facilities.",4,"Very strong social ties among ring net fishers. Fishers are highly united and tend to make agreements in unison.",5,5,"Women are actively engaged in decision-making. They benefit from equal shared opportunities for leadership and in making any decision. Men are actively engaged in decision-making processes.",4,"The fishers are all able to access education. Ring net fisher do attend free education, equitable, and quality education. There is access to primary and secondary schools and vocational colleges.",3,"Mobility to other economic activities is low but geographical mobility to other areas even to other countries (e.g. Tanzania) is high , the ringnet fishers can migrate from one fishing ground to the other, can shift from one fishery to the other depending on the catch trends.",1,4,"Women are often self employed, with no specific working conditions. Ring net men fishers easily benefit from safe working environments. There is no forced labor in the ring net fishery. Fishers easily access their employers and can easily negotiate their terms.","2","This is variable in different areas in some, Ring net fishers have a very significant contribution towards their cultural heritage, in others fishers do not involve in cultural practices in fishing. The foreign ring net fishers do not contribute significantly to safeguarding local culture.","2","There is a drop in the contribution of fisheries to the country's GDP due to dwindling stocks.","2","The fishery does not contribute to tourism.",3,"There is average cooperation between the ringnetters and other economic sectors.","3",3,"1","1","Ring net fishers moderately receives beneficial subsidies from granters or national government e.g. equipment and also training on safety. There is small involvement from the private and non governmental institutions in developing projects for the fishers. For example; provision of infrastructure. All fish is sold locally. No global export growth.","FAO, 2001. Fishing gear types. Ring nets. Technology fact sheets. In: FAO Fisheriesand Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated 13 September 2001 Thoya, Pascal & Pérez-Jorge, Sergi & Okemwa, Gladys & Mwamlavya, Hamadi & Tuda, Arthur & Nina, Wambiji & Maina, JM. (2020). Spatial patterns and environmental risks of ringnet fishing along the Kenyan coast. African Journal of Marine Science. 42. 23-33. 10.2989/1814232X.2019.1705392. Samoilys, M.A., Maina, G.W., Osuka, K., 2011a. Artisanal fishing gears of the kenyan coast mombasa. CORDIO, 36. Musembi, P., Fulanda, B., Kairo, J., Githaiga, M. (2019). Species composition, abundance and fishing methods of small-scale fisheries in the seagrass meadows of Gazi Bay, Kenya, Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 15:2, 139-156, DOI: 10.1080/19480881.2019.1603608 Maina, G. W., Obura, D., Alidina, H., & Munywoki, B. (2008). Increasing catch in an overexploited reef fishery-Diani-Chale, Kenya, from 1998 to 2006. Ten years after bleaching–facing the consequences of climate change in the Indian Ocean. CORDIO Status Report, 309-320. Maina, G. W. (2012). A Baseline Report for the Kenyan Small and Medium Marine Pelagic Fishery. Abunge, C., Coulthard, S., & Daw, T. M. (2013). Connecting marine ecosystem services to human well-being: insights from participatory well-being assessment in Kenya. Ambio, 42(8), 1010-1021. Maina, G. W., & Osuka, K. (2014). An EAF baseline report for the small and medium pelagic fisheries of Kenya. Baseline Reports—Preparation of Management Plans for Selected Fisheries in Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone and Tanzania, (23), 22-89. Okemwa, G. M., Maina, G. W., Munga, C. N., Mueni, E., Barabara, M. S., Ndegwa, S., Thoya, P., & Ntheketha, N. (2017). Managing coastal pelagic fisheries: A case study of the small-scale purse seine fishery in Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management, 144, 31-39. McClanahan, T. R., & Abunge, C. (2017). Fish trader’s gender and niches in a declining coral reef fishery: implications for sustainability. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 3(6), 1353288. KENYA, L. L. F. MARINE RESOURCES CO-MANAGEMENT. Tuda, P. M., Wolff, M., & Breckwoldt, A. (2016). Size structure and gear selectivity of target species in the multispecies multigear fishery of the Kenyan South Coast. Ocean & Coastal Management, 130, 95-106. Tuda, P. M. (2018). Assessing the state and impacts of the artisanal reef fisheries and their management implications in Kenyan south coast (Doctoral dissertation, Universität Bremen). Nyawade, O. B., Were-Kogogo, P., Owiti, P., Osimbo, H., & Daniel, A. O. (2021). Elusive fish catch and vulnerable livelihoods: Status of fishing and fisheries industry among marine south coast communities of Kwale, Kenya. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(2), 149-159. ATHMAN, A. A. (2017). Characterization of the Small-scale Tuna Fishery in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Pwani Unversity). Ochiewo, J. (2004). Changing fisheries practices and their socioeconomic implications in South Coast Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management, 47(7-8), 389-408. Fulanda, B., Munga, C., Ohtomi, J., Osore, M., Mugo, R., & Hossain, M. Y. (2009). The structure and evolution of the coastal migrant fishery of Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(9), 459-466. Maina, J., Mwamlavya, H., Okemwa, G., Tuda, A., Wambiji, N., Thoya, P., & Pérez-Jorge, S. (2020). Spatial patterns and environmental risks of ringnet fishing along the Kenyan coast. Mbaru, E. K. (2012). An Assessment of the Kenyan Coastal Artisanal Fishery and Implications for the Introduction of FADs (Doctoral dissertation, Rhodes University). Murunga, M., Partelow, S., & Breckwoldt, A. (2021). Drivers of collective action and role of conflict in Kenyan fisheries co-management. World Development, 141, 105413. van Hoof, L., & Steins, N. A. (2017). Mission report Kenya: Scoping mission marine fisheries Kenya (No. C038/17). Wageningen Marine Research. Cinner, J. E., Daw, T. M., McClanahan, T. R., Muthiga, N., Abunge, C., Hamed, S., ... & Jiddawi, N. (2012). Transitions toward co-management: the process of marine resource management devolution in three east African countries. Global Environmental Change, 22(3), 651-658. Fabinyi, M., Dressler, W., & Pido, M. (2016). Do fish scales matter? Diversification and differentiation in seafood commodity chains. Ocean & Coastal Management, 134, 103-111. Kariuki, J. (2005). Country review: Kenya. Review of the state of world marine capture fisheries management: Indian Ocean, 349. Kimani, E., Okemwa, G., & Aura, C. (2018). The status of Kenya Fisheries: Towards sustainability exploitation of fisheries resources for food security and economic development. Munyi, F. (2009). The Social and Economic Dimensions of Destructive Fishing Activities in the South coast of Kenya. Tunje, J. G., Tole, M. P., Hoorweg, J. C., Shauri, H. S., & Munga, C. N. (2016). Conflicts in fisheries resource use along the Vipingo-Mida Creek stretch of the Kenyan coast: Causes and implications for fisheries management. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(5), 156-161. McClanahan, T. R. (2007). Management of area and gear in Kenyan coral reefs. Fisheries management: progress towards sustainability, 166-185. Cinner, J. E., McClanahan, T. R., Abunge, C., & Wamukota, A. W. (2009). Human dimensions of conserving Kenya's coral reefs. Cinner, J. E., & McClanahan, T. R. (2006). A Baseline Socioeconomic Assessment of Fishing Communities along the North Coast of Kenya. Bett, D. K., Tole, M., & Mlewa, C. M. (2021). Impact of a ring net fishery in the inshore marine waters of Kilifi on the reproductive biology of six pelagic fish species. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 20(1), 1-10. BETT, D. K. (2018). IMPACT OF RING NET FISHERIES ON EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS AND HABITATS WITHIN THE INSHORE MARINE WATERS OF KILIFI, KENYA (Doctoral dissertation, Pwani University). Wanyonyi, I. N., Macharia, D., Heenan, A., & Mangi, S. C. (2018). Using participatory methods to assess data poor migrant fisheries in Kenya. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 23(6), 569-586. Mutia, D., & Sailale, I. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Identifying Marine Fisheries off the Coasts of Kenya and Tanzania. OBSERVING, 46. TUNJE, J. G. (2016). ASSESSMENT OF FISHERIES RESOURCE-USE CONFLICTS IN THE ARTISANAL FISHERIES OF THE VIPINGO-MIDA CREEK STRETCH, NORTH COAST KENYA (Doctoral dissertation, Pwani University). Omukoto, J. O., Owiti, H., Mwakha, V. A., Munga, C. N., & Wamukota, A. W. (2018). Participatory assessment of priority fishery profiles in an overfished urban inshore seascape in Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 17(2), 79-92. Kanyange, N. (2016). Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy for the ESA-IO (IRFS). Mwakha, V., Wamukota, A., Owiti, H., Omukoto, J., & Munga, C. (2018). Participatory assessment of priority fishery profiles in an overfished urban inshore seascape in Kenya. Wanyonyi, I. N., Karisa, J. F., Gamoyo, M., & Mbugua, J. (2017). Factors influencing migrant fisher access to fishing grounds. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 16(2), 27-39. Kiaka, R. D., & Roth, D. (2012). The political ecology of coastal fisheries in Kenya. Wanyonyi, I. N., Wamukota, A., Tuda, P., Mwakha, V. A., & Nguti, L. M. (2016). Migrant fishers of Pemba: Drivers, impacts and mediating factors. Marine Policy, 71, 242-255. Kairo, J., Musembi, P., Fulanda, B., & Githaiga, M. (2019). Species composition, abundance and fishing methods of small-scale fisheries in the seagrass meadows of Gazi Bay, Kenya.",null,"v9d5pXL9rggPUy4VBniwDC","uuid:ea046146-81f5-4fd7-9a80-f4c708483257","ea046146-81f5-4fd7-9a80-f4c708483257","2023-04-11T09:52:24",29,-1]