Sunspot numbers, positions, and areas from observations by Georg Eimmart, stored in the Eimmart's archive, defined by Vokhmyanin and Zolotova (Sunspot Observations at the Eimmart Observatory: Revision and Supplement, in Solar Physics 2023).


Sunspot positions were gotten in two ways:
Method I: according to the time of observation reported by the observer (more specifically within the ±30-minute interval centered around the noted time of an observation);
Method II: the proper orientation of the solar axis and the time of observation are defined by means of minimization of the day-to-day variability of sunspot latitudes.



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%



                                                                                        Results of Method I



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


Data format in Method I:


Draw - Number of drawing;
Place - Location of the observer;
YYYY - Year;
MM - Month;
DD - Day;
HH - UT Hour (Time of observation defined by means of Method I. Ephemeris, latitudes, and longitudes are calculated for this time);
MI- Minute (Time of observation defined by means of Method I. Ephemeris, latitudes, and longitudes are calculated for this time);
G - Arbitrary number of sunspot group;
Sp - Arbitrary number of sunspot;
BBB.BB - Heliographic latitude. Southern latitudes are negative;
LLL.LL - Heliographic longitude in the Carrington rotation frame;
B0 - Heliographic latitude of apparent disk center;
L0 - Heliographic longitude of apparent disk center;
P - Position angle;
Rot - Rotation angle of solar image in x-y plane;
q - Parallactic angle;
Alt - Altitude;
Azm - Azimuth;
Area_w - Area of the whole sunspot in millionths of the solar hemisphere (msh);
alpha - Angular distance on the surface of the Sun from the center of the disk to the area-weighted position of the object;
Time_obs_HH_UT - UT Hour of the original note of time of observation given by Eimmart;
Time_obs_MI_UT - UT Minute of the original note of time of observation given by Eimmart;
Time_obs - The original note of time of observation given by Eimmart.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Drawings from Eimmart Archive Coll. 998, v. 16, p. 1	

																							
Draw	Place	         YYYY	MM	DD	HH	MI	G	Sp	BBB.BB	LLL.LL	B0	L0	P	Rot	q	Alt	Azm	Area_w	alpha	Time_obs_HH_UT 	Time_obs_MI_UT 	Time_obs								comment	
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	2	18	23	1	1	-10.38	273.12	3.63  	293.81	-1.34	-40.4	39.02	7.52	296.86	233	25.68	17		53		hour and a half before the sunset, Altitude is 12 degrees		Either the inaccuracy of the drawing is significant, or the incorrect observation time is reported.	
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	14	49	1	1	-8.45	278.03	3.72 	282.54	-0.94	-44.27	43.35	41.27	256.72	215	15.11	14		19		3. p.m.		
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	17	43	1	1	-7.78	281.02	3.73  	280.94	-0.89	-42.54	41.63	13.45	289.64	172	12.54	18		0		6. 30 min. Altitude s 11 degrees		
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	4	15	49	1	1	-12.66	280.37	3.83 	268.76	-0.46	-45.27	44.81	31.58	268.93	209	21.35	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	5	15	49	1	1	-12.8	283.49	3.93 	255.52	0	-44.76	44.77	31.54	268.82	222	32.71	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	50	1	1	-8.88	279.39	4.03 	242.83	0.44	-42.73	43.2	40.98	256.56	247	39.3	15		20		4. p.m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	15	5	1	1	-5.59	283.51	4.03 	242.69	0.45	-43.38	43.85	38.6	259.83	267	43.37	15		35		4. 15 m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	7	15	50	1	1	-11.17	275.95	4.13 	229.04	0.92	-43.75	44.68	31.27	268.77	246	50.56	15		20		4. 0 m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	8	15	57	1	1	-16.82	278.27	4.23  	215.75	1.39	-43.25	44.64	30.08	269.98	413	64.38	16		0		hor. qs. ante Sole occ.						We assign the time about 16:00, due to toward the sunset the sunspot latitude would already exceeded 20 degrees of latitude.	
																								
																								
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
																								
																								
Drawings from Eimmart Archive Coll. 998, v. 16, p. 71. These drawings 3 and 4 are full copy of drawings 1 and 2

																								
Draw	Place		YYYY	MM	DD	HH	MI	G	Sp	BBB.BB	LLL.LL	B0	L0	P	Rot	q	Alt	Azm	Area_w	alpha	Time_obs_HH_UT 	Time_obs_MI_UT 	Time_obs								comment	
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	2	18	23	1	1	-12.15	273.08	3.63  	293.81	-1.34	-40.4	39.02	7.52	296.86	233	25.68	17		53		hour and a half before the sunset, Altitude is 12 degrees		Either the inaccuracy of the drawing is significant, or the incorrect observation time is reported.	
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	14	49	1	1	-9.24	279.06	3.72 	282.54	-0.94	-44.27	43.35	41.27	256.72	215	15.11	14		19		3. p.m.		
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	17	30	1	1	-8.15	280.99	3.73	281.06	-0.89	-43.24	42.32	15.45	287.34	172	12.54	18		0		6. 30 min. Altitude s 11 degrees		
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	4	15	49	1	1	-12.85	280.6	3.83 	268.76	-0.46	-45.27	44.81	31.58	268.93	209	21.35	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	5	15	49	1	1	-11.33	284.53	3.93 	255.52	0	-44.76	44.77	31.54	268.82	222	32.71	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	50	1	1	-9.1	279.24	4.03 	242.83	0.44	-42.73	43.2	40.98	256.56	247	39.3	15		20		4. p.m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	15	5	1	1	-5.23	283.69	4.03 	242.69	0.45	-43.38	43.85	38.6	259.83	267	43.37	15		35		4. 15 m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	7	15	50	1	1	-11.15	276.11	4.13 	229.04	0.92	-43.75	44.68	31.27	268.77	246	50.56	15		20		4. 0 m.		
																									
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	8	15	57	1	1	-16.56	277.54	4.23  	215.75	1.39	-43.25	44.64	30.08	269.98	413	64.38	16		0		hor. qs. ante Sole occ.						We assign the time about 16:00, due to toward the sunset the sunspot latitude would already exceeded 20 degrees of latitude.	
																								
																								
																								
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
																								
																								
Drawing from Eimmart Archive Coll. 998, v. 16, p. 71. This drawing is Eimmart's own realignment of drawings 3 and 4 (for details see the paper)

																							
Draw	Place		YYYY	MM	DD	HH	MI	G	Sp	BBB.BB	LLL.LL	B0	L0	P	Rot	q	Alt	Azm	Area_w	alpha	Time_obs_HH_UT 	Time_obs_MI_UT 	Time_obs								comment	
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	2	18	23	1	1	-12.26	273.51	3.63  	293.81	-1.34	-40.4	39.02	7.52	296.86	233	25.68	17		53		hour and a half before the sunset, Altitude is 12 degrees		Either the inaccuracy of the drawing is significant, or the incorrect observation time is reported.	
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	14	41	1	1	-11.02	279.25	3.72 	282.62	-0.95	-43.84	42.93	42.53	254.92	215	15.11	14		19		3. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	18	27	1	1	-8.8	280.59	3.74  	280.54	-0.87	-39.64	38.73	6.9	297.49	172	12.54	18		0		6. 30 min. Altitude s 11 degrees		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	4	15	49	1	1	-13.85	280.82	3.83 	268.76	-0.46	-45.27	44.81	31.58	268.93	209	21.35	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	5	15	49	1	1	-11.39	284.58	3.93 	255.52	0	-44.76	44.77	31.54	268.82	222	32.71	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	50	1	1	-8.61	280.15	4.03 	242.83	0.44	-42.73	43.2	40.98	256.56	247	39.3	15		20		4. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	15	5	1	1	-8.3	284.38	4.03 	242.69	0.45	-43.38	43.85	38.6	259.83	267	43.37	15		35		4. 15 m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	7	15	50	1	1	-11.34	277.43	4.13 	229.04	0.92	-43.75	44.68	31.27	268.77	246	50.56	15		20		4. 0 m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	8	15	57	1	1	-15.49	277.68	4.23  	215.75	1.39	-43.25	44.64	30.08	269.98	413	64.38	16		0		hor. qs. ante Sole occ.						We assign the time about 16:00, due to toward the sunset the sunspot latitude would already exceeded 20 degrees of latitude.	
																								
																
																								
																								
																								
																								

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%



                                                                                        Results of Method II



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


Data format in Method II:

Draw - Number of drawing;
Place - Location of the observer;
YYYY - Year;
MM - Month;
DD - Day;
HH - UT Hour (Time of observation defined by means of Method II. Ephemeris, latitudes, and longitudes are calculated for this time);
MI- Minute (Time of observation defined by means of Method II. Ephemeris, latitudes, and longitudes are calculated for this time;
G - Arbitrary number of sunspot group;
Sp - Arbitrary number of sunspot;
BBB.BB - Heliographic latitude. Southern latitudes are negative;
LLL.LL - Heliographic longitude in the Carrington rotation frame;
B0 - Heliographic latitude of apparent disk center;
L0 - Heliographic longitude of apparent disk center;
P - Position angle;
Rot - Rotation angle of solar image in x-y plane. If Rot is not P-q, then in this case BBB defined according to Rot, while LLL according to Time, noted by observer (Time_obs_HH_UT and Time_obs_MI_UT);
q - Parallactic angle;
Alt - Altitude;
Azm - Azimuth;
Area_w - Area of the whole sunspot in millionths of the solar hemisphere (msh);
alpha - Angular distance on the surface of the Sun from the center of the disk to the area-weighted position of the object;
Time_obs_HH_UT - UT Hour of the original note of time of observation given by Eimmart;
Time_obs_MI_UT - UT Minute of the original note of time of observation given by Eimmart;
Time_obs - The original note of time of observation given by Eimmart.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Drawings from Eimmart Archive Coll. 998, v. 16, p. 1


Draw	Place		YYYY	MM	DD	HH	MI	G	Sp	BBB.BB	LLL.LL	B0	L0	P	Rot	q	Alt	Azm	Area_w	alpha	Time_obs_HH_UT	Time_obs_MI_UT	Time_obs							comment	
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	2	18	50	1	1	-9.24	272.16	3.63	293.570	-1.33	-37.20	36.91	3.760	301.690	233	25.68	17		53		hour and a half before the sunset, Altitude is 12 degrees	
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	14	19	1	1	-9.22	283.83	3.72	282.82	-0.95	-69	41.37	46.01	249.55	215	15.11	14		19		3. p.m.		
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	18	0	1	1	-7.78	280.8	3.730	280.79	-0.88	-42.2	40.64	10.95	292.56	172	12.54	18		0		6. 30 min. Altitude s 11 degrees		
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	4	15	19	1	1	-9.21	284.41	3.83	269.04	-0.47	-60	44.38	36.52	262.89	209	21.35	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
1	Nuremberg	1684	7	5	15	19	1	1	-9.22	285.55	3.93	255.8	-0.01	-52.2	44.33	36.48	262.77	222	32.71	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	59	1	1	-9.2	279.21	4.030	242.75	0.4500	-42.2	43.59	39.63	258.43	247	39.3	15		20		4. p.m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	13	58	1	1	-9.21	283.19	4.02	243.31	0.43	-37.8	39.11	49	243.67	267	43.37	15		35		4. 15 m.		
																								
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	7	15	20	1	1	-9.24	276.74	4.13	229.32	0.91	-46.4	44.24	36.21	262.73	246	50.56	15		20		4. 0 m.		
																									
2	Nuremberg	1684	7	8	16	0	1	1	-9.2	279.76	4.23	215.72	1.39	-51.8	44.64	29.67	270.45	413	64.38	16		0		hor. qs. ante Sole occ.					We assign the time about 16:00. due to toward the sunset the sunspot latitude would already exceeded 20 degrees of latitude.


																								
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

																								
																								
Drawings from Eimmart Archive Coll. 998, v. 16, p. 71. These drawings 3 and 4 are full copy of drawings 1 and 2

																							
Draw	Place		YYYY	MM	DD	HH	MI	G	Sp	BBB.BB	LLL.LL	B0	L0	P	Rot	q	Alt	Azm	Area_w	alpha	Time_obs_HH_UT	Time_obs_MI_UT	Time_obs							comment	
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	2	13	15	1	1	-9.83	274.35	3.61	296.65	-1.44	-34	33.4	55.1	231.25	233	25.68	17		53		hour and a half before the sunset, Altitude is 12 degrees	
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	14	19	1	1	-9.7	282.82	3.72	282.82	-0.95	-59.2	41.37	46.01	249.55	215	15.11	14		19		3. p.m.	
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	17	41	1	1	-8.14	280.97	3.73	280.97	-0.89	-43.6	41.77	13.83	289.19	172	12.54	18		0		6. 30 min. Altitude s 11 degrees		
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	4	15	19	1	1	-9.82	284.27	3.83	269.04	-0.47	-58.2	44.38	36.52	262.89	209	21.35	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
3	Nuremberg	1684	7	5	15	19	1	1	-9.84	285.51	3.93	255.8	-0.01	-47.8	44.33	36.48	262.77	222	32.71	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	43	1	1	-9.88	279.04	4.03	242.9	0.44	-41.4	42.8	42.16	254.87	247	39.3	15		20		4. p.m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	13	44	1	1	-9.88	283.21	4.02	243.44	0.42	-36.2	37.44	51	239.73	267	43.37	15		35		4. 15 m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	7	15	20	1	1	-9.8	276.75	4.13	229.32	0.91	-45.6	44.24	36.21	262.73	246	50.56	15		20		4. 0 m.		
																								
4	Nuremberg	1684	7	8	16	0	1	1	-9.88	278.89	4.23	215.72	1.39	-50.8	44.64	29.67	270.45	413	64.38	16		0		hor. qs. ante Sole occ.					We assign the time about 16:00. due to toward the sunset the sunspot latitude would already exceeded 20 degrees of latitude.

																								
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
																								
																								
Drawing from Eimmart Archive Coll. 998, v. 16, p. 71. This drawing is Eimmart's own realignment of drawings 3 and 4 (for details see the paper)

																									
Draw	Place		YYYY	MM	DD	HH	MI	G	Sp	BBB.BB	LLL.LL	B0	L0	P	Rot	q	Alt	Azm	Area_w	alpha	Time_obs_HH_UT	Time_obs_MI_UT	Time_obs							comment	
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	2	18	41	1	1	-11.42	272.73	3.63	293.65	-1.33	-38	37.66	5.02	300.03	233	25.68	17		53		hour and a half before the sunset, Altitude is 12 degrees	
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	14	19	1	1	-11.39	282.82	3.72	282.82	-0.95	-56.6	41.37	46.01	249.55	215	15.11	14		19		3. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	3	18	17	1	1	-8.8	280.63	3.74	280.63	-0.88	-39.4	39.5	8.42	295.6	172	12.54	18		0		6. 30 min. Altitude s 11 degrees		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	4	15	19	1	1	-11.43	284.05	3.83	269.04	-0.47	-55.6	44.38	36.52	262.89	209	21.35	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	5	15	19	1	1	-11.47	284.82	3.93	255.8	-0.01	-44.6	44.33	36.48	262.77	222	32.71	15		19		4. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	0	1	1	-11.44	279.61	4.02	243.29	0.43	-38	39.33	48.71	244.22	247	39.3	15		20		4. p.m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	6	14	6	1	1	-11.45	283.97	4.02	243.24	0.43	-38.6	39.95	47.82	245.82	267	43.37	15		35		4. 15 m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	7	15	20	1	1	-11.45	277.68	4.13	229.32	0.91	-43.6	44.24	36.21	262.73	246	50.56	15		20		4. 0 m.		
																								
5	Nuremberg	1684	7	8	16	0	1	1	-11.47	278.5	4.23	215.72	1.39	-47.8	44.64	29.67	270.45	413	64.38	16		0		hor. qs. ante Sole occ.					We assign the time about 16:00. due to toward the sunset the sunspot latitude would already exceeded 20 degrees of latitude.																																												