@ARTICLE{Huynh2023191,
author={Huynh, T.L.D. and Nasir, M.A. and Nguyen, D.K.},
title={Spillovers and connectedness in foreign exchange markets: The role of trade policy uncertainty},
journal={Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance},
year={2023},
volume={87},
pages={191-199},
doi={10.1016/j.qref.2020.09.001},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093975879&doi=10.1016%2fj.qref.2020.09.001&partnerID=40&md5=b5e96fc6e6d3e68ea776c3658d78fa35},
affiliation={University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar, Germany; University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; IPAG Business School, Paris, France; International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam},
abstract={This paper analyses the directional spillover effects and connectedness for both return and volatility of nine US dollar exchange rates of globally most traded currencies under the influence of trade policy uncertainty. We find two interesting results over the study period ranging from December 1993 to July 2019. First, there exists asymmetric spillovers and connectedness among the considered exchange rates when trade policy uncertainty is present. Second, the volatility spillover is stronger than the return connectedness between exchange rate and trade policy uncertainty. These findings are robust to the presence of economic policy uncertainty effects. Concomitantly, the trade policy uncertainty patterns are also found to be useful for predicting currency market dynamics. Our findings contribute to the debate on the impact of trade policy uncertainty on the global economy and financial sector. © 2020 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois},
author_keywords={Connectedness;  Exchange rate;  Trade policy;  Trade wars;  Uncertainty;  Volatility},
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CEPR Policy Portal (2019), https://voxeu.org/article/extraordinary-rise-trade-policy-uncertainty, Accessed at 14th April 2020; Baker, S.R., Bloom, N., Davis, S.J., Kost, K.J., Policy news and stock market volatility (No. w25720) (2019), National Bureau of Economic Research; Baruník, J., Kočenda, E., Total, asymmetric and frequency connectedness between oil and forex markets (2019) The Energy Journal, p. 40; Basu, S., Bundick, B., Uncertainty shocks in a model of effective demand (2017) Econometrica, 85 (3), pp. 937-958; Beckmann, J., Czudaj, R., Exchange rate expectations and economic policy uncertainty (2017) European Journal of Political Economy, 47, pp. 148-162; Berg, K.A., Mark, N.C., Measures of global uncertainty and carry-trade excess returns (2018) Journal of International Money and Finance, 88, pp. 212-227; Bernanke, B., Remarks before the Committee on Financial Services (2012), www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/testimony/bernanke20120717a.htm, US House of Representatives July 18, 2012. Accessed at 14th April 2020; Bloom, N., The impact of uncertainty shocks (2009) Econometrica, 77 (3), pp. 623-685; Brox, J.A., Fader, C., Electronic commerce, exchange rate volatility and changes in trade patterns: Canada under NAFTA (2004) Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 1 (2), pp. 51-70; Burggraf, T., Fendel, R., Huynh, T.L.D., Political news and stock prices: Evidence from Trump's trade war (2019) Applied Economics Letters, pp. 1-4; Caldara, D., Matteo, I., Patrick, M., Andrea, P., Andrea, R., The economic effects of trade policy uncertainty (2020) Journal of Monetary Economic, 109, pp. 38-59; Chevallier, J., Nguyen, D.K., Siverskog, J., Uddin, G.S., Market integration and financial linkages among stock markets in Pacific Basin countries (2018) Journal of Empirical Finance, 46, pp. 77-92; Conrad, C., Lamla, M.J., The high‐frequency response of the EUR‐USD exchange rate to ECB communication (2010) Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 42 (7), pp. 1391-1417; Crowley, M., Meng, N., Song, H., Tariff scares: Trade policy uncertainty and foreign market entry by Chinese firms (2018) Journal of International Economics, 114, pp. 96-115; Diebold, F.X., Yilmaz, K., Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers (2012) International Journal of Forecasting, 28 (1), pp. 57-66; Diebold, F.X., Yılmaz, K., On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms (2014) Journal of Econometrics, 182 (1), pp. 119-134; Engel, C., West, K.D., Exchange rates and fundamentals (2005) The Journal of Political Economy, 113 (3), pp. 485-517; Engle, R.F., Volatility and time series econometrics: Essays in honor of Robert Engle (2010), Oxford University Press; Fernández-Villaverde, J., Guerrón-Quintana, P., Juan Rubio-Ramírez, K.K., Fiscal volatility shocks and economic activity (2015) The American Economic Review, 105 (11), pp. 3352-3384; Gatheral, J., Jaisson, T., Rosenbaum, M., Volatility is rough (2018) Quantitative Finance, 18 (6), pp. 933-949; Gupta, R., Ma, J., Risse, M., Wohar, M.E., Common business cycles and volatilities in US states and MSAs: The role of economic uncertainty (2018) Journal of Macroeconomics, 57, pp. 317-337; Huynh, T.L.D., The effect of uncertainty on the precious metals market: New insights from Transfer Entropy and Neural Network VAR (2020) Resources Policy, 66; Huynh, T.L.D., Burggraf, T., If worst comes to worst: Co-movement of global stock markets in the US-China trade war (2020) Economics and Business Letters, 9 (1), pp. 21-30; Karnizova, L., Li, J.C., Economic policy uncertainty, financial markets and probability of US recessions (2014) Economics Letters, 125 (2), pp. 261-265; Knight, F.H., Risk, uncertainty, and profit (1921), Hart, Schaffner & Marx; Houghton Mifflin Co Boston, MA; Li, Z., Zhong, J., Impact of economic policy uncertainty shocks on China's financial conditions (2020) Finance Research Letters, 35; Nasir, M.A., Jackson, K., An inquiry into exchange rate misalignments as a cause of major global trade imbalances (2019) Journal of Economic Studies, 46 (4), pp. 902-924; Nasir, M.A., Morgan, J., Pre-Brexit: The EU referendum as an illustration of the effects of uncertainty on the Sterling exchange rate (2018) Journal of Economic Studies, 45 (5), pp. 910-921; Osnago, A., Piermartini, R., Rocha, N., Trade policy uncertainty as barrier to trade. 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(2018), World Bank Group, Policy Research Working Paper 8567; Sarno, L., Taylor, M.P., The economics of exchange rates (2003), Cambridge University Press; Steinberg, J.B., Brexit and the macroeconomic impact of trade policy uncertainty (2019) Journal of International Economics, 117, pp. 175-195; Taylor, M.P., Peel, D.A., Sarno, L., Nonlinear mean‐reversion in real exchange rates: Toward a solution to the purchasing power parity puzzles (2001) International Economic Review, 42 (4), pp. 1015-1042; Thanh, S.D., Canh, N.P., Doytch, N., Asymmetric effects of US monetary policy on the US bilateral trade deficit with China: A Markov switching ARDL model approach (2020) The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 22; Wen, T., Wang, G.J., Volatility connectedness in global foreign exchange markets (2020) Journal of Multinational Financial Management; Wise, T., Turnbull, K., How has trade policy uncertainty affected the world economy? (2019), https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/bank-overground/2019/how-has-trade-policy-uncertainty-affected-the-world-economy, Available at:, Accessed on 14th April 2020; Wisniewski, T.P., Lambe, B.J., Does economic policy uncertainty drive CDS spreads? (2015) International Review of Financial Analysis, 42, pp. 447-458; Xu, Z., Economic policy uncertainty, cost of capital, and corporate innovation, Journal of Banking & (2020) Finance, 111; Zhou, B., High-frequency data and volatility in foreign-exchange rates (1996) Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 14 (1), pp. 45-52},
correspondence_address1={Huynh, T.L.D.; University of Economics Ho Chi Minh CityViet Nam; email: toanhld@ueh.edu.vn},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={10629769},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Q. Rev. Econ. Financ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Naseer2023,
author={Naseer, S. and Khalid, S. and Parveen, S. and Abbass, K. and Song, H. and Achim, M.V.},
title={COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on global economy},
journal={Frontiers in Public Health},
year={2023},
volume={10},
doi={10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009393},
art_number={1009393},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147956927&doi=10.3389%2ffpubh.2022.1009393&partnerID=40&md5=06ec773bce6a18fc51f5203330dde88f},
affiliation={School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Department of Management Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Pakistan; Riphah School of Business and Management, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Finance, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania},
abstract={COVID-19 has been considered the most significant threat since World War II and the greatest global health disaster of the century. Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, reported a new infection affecting residents in December 2019. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been named by the World Health Organization (WHO). Across the globe, it is spreading rapidly, posing significant health, economic, and social challenges for everyone. The content of this paper is solely intended to provide a visual overview of COVID-19 global economic impact. The Coronavirus outbreak is causing a global economic collapse. Most countries have implemented full or partial lockdown measures to slow the spread of disease. The lockdown has slowed global economic activity substantially, many companies have reduced operations or closed down, and people are losing their jobs at an increasing rate. Service providers are also affected, in addition to manufacturers, agriculture, the food industry, a decline in education, the sports industry, and of entertainment sector also observed. The world trade situation is expected to deteriorate substantially this year. Copyright © 2023 Naseer, Khalid, Parveen, Abbass, Song and Achim.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  global economy;  mitigation strategies;  pandemic;  sectors},
funding_details={Corporation for National and Community ServiceCorporation for National and Community Service, CNCS},
funding_details={Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si InovariiUnitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii, UEFISCDI, PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2174},
funding_details={Ministry of Education and Research, RomaniaMinistry of Education and Research, Romania},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2174, within PNCDI III.},
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correspondence_address1={Song, H.; School of Economics and Management, China; email: huaming@njust.edu.cn},
publisher={Frontiers Media S.A.},
issn={22962565},
pubmed_id={36793360},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Front. Public Health},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Besseghini20231,
author={Besseghini, D. and Permanyer-Ugartemendia, A.},
title={The Hispanic World at War and the Global Transformation of Commerce. Global Merchants in Spanish America: Business, Networks and Independence (1800-1830) [El món hispànic en guerra i la transformació del comerç mundial. Comerciants globals a l’Amèrica espanyola: xarxes, negocis i Independència (1800-1830)] [El mundo hispánico en guerra y la transformación del comercio mundial. Comerciantes globales en la América española: redes, negocios e Independencia (1800-1830)]},
journal={Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business},
year={2023},
volume={8},
number={1},
pages={1-42},
doi={10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.40640},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146227200&doi=10.1344%2fjesb2023.8.1.40640&partnerID=40&md5=96719ecdc5c4ec1e54641f162fc5026f},
affiliation={Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain},
abstract={This special issue investigates how in the times of war, political turmoil, and disruption of commercial practices during the Age of Revolutions two centuries ago, merchants appear as demiurges of a new order. This is part of a polycentric reading of epochal transformations that does not deny the primacy of politics and military power in establishing relations of force, but which underline the complex negotiations at their base. The collection of essays looks at the profound global consequences of the fall of the Spanish American empire, particularly as they related to the decline of mercantilism and the reconfiguration of both Atlantic and inter-Pacific commerce. A crucial element in this transformation was the war economy, which had implications not only in Spanish America, but in the whole of the Hispanic world and beyond. Global merchants or businessmen —foreigners and Hispanic— strategically located in the Hispanic World, whose networks and affairs linked Europe, Asia and the Americas, worked within the vacuum created by the crisis of the Spanish monarchy in what was a fluid and foundational moment. The essays investigate how the Napoleonic Wars and the Wars of Independence against Spain accelerated the emergence of new actors, practices, rules and commercial circuits, by analyzing the personal and business networks that built, redefined and renegotiated the role of Hispanic America in the global economy. This prosopography of merchants thus shows trajectories through which, despite infinite difficulties, global and transregional merchants appear as one of the maieutic forces in the birth of the modern world. © 2023, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultad de Economia y Empresa. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Age of Revolutions;  Global History;  Globalization;  Imperial Reconfiguration;  Informal imperialism;  Mercantilism;  Microhistory;  Open Trade},
funding_details={Academia SinicaAcademia Sinica, AS},
funding_details={Universidad Autónoma de MadridUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, UAM},
funding_details={Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’HommeFondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, FMSH},
funding_details={Università degli Studi di TorinoUniversità degli Studi di Torino, UNITO},
funding_text 1={This special issue is the outcome of several discussions between the guest editors and the contributors. Most of the main ideas were already put forward in the panel organised by Deborah Besseghini at the 2018 Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Barcelona, “Global Merchants in Spanish America: Business, Networks and Independence (1808–1830),” where both guest editors presented, together with Cristina Mazzeo and Marie Christine Duggan, whose inestimable feedback the authors would like to thank. The guest editors would also like to acknowledge the support from several research institutions and fellowship programs, such as the University of Turin, the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (Paris), the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi (Turin), the ISRAL (Alessandria), the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation (Taipei), the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica (Taipei), the GRIMSE Group (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), and the TRANSCAP Group (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid). We are deeply grateful to all the colleagues who read previous versions of this article or discussed with the authors the themes addressed in the special issue. The interpretation of history, especially of global history, is a complex, collective, construction with an ever-uncertain balance. The authors are responsible for any imbalance present here.},
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publisher={Universitat de Barcelona, Facultad de Economia y Empresa},
issn={23857137},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Evol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Song202362,
author={Song, L. and Agarwal, V.},
title={The Future of Multilateralism in the Post-pandemic World},
journal={China and World Economy},
year={2023},
volume={31},
number={1},
pages={62-87},
doi={10.1111/cwe.12459},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146717333&doi=10.1111%2fcwe.12459&partnerID=40&md5=3e8785c2801b983e541815e343bf737c},
affiliation={Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Australia; Economist, World Bank, Australia},
abstract={This paper applies an endogenous institutionalist framework to understand the evolution of the rules-based international trading system since the end of World War II. We argue that the initial success of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs and re-enforcement that led to the formation of the WTO can be explained by three major factors: the hegemonic position of the US, the belief that international trade would foster prosperity and peace, and Cold War politics. However, declining US hegemony along with a shift in global comparative advantage in labor-intensive manufacturing led to a shift from multilateral towards preferential trade agreements since the 1990s. Today, the WTO faces several new challenges, including increasing geo-political competition between the US and China, increasing digitization of commerce, and disrupted supply chains following COVID-19. A functioning WTO that facilitates global economic re-integration remains crucial to ensure a strong recovery from the pandemic and continued long-term prosperity and stability of the global economy. © 2023 Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.},
author_keywords={endogenous institutional change;  GATT;  institutions;  international trade;  WTO},
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(1999) Canadian Journal of Economics, 32 (3), pp. 751-766; Santarius, T., Dalkmann, H., Steigenberger, M., Vogelpohl, K., (2004) Balancing trade and environment: An ecological reform of the WTO as a challenge in sustainable global governance, , https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1872/file/WP133e.pdf, ” [online; cited October 2022]. Available from; Song, L., Zhou, Y., The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy: What does it take to turn crisis into opportunity? (2020) China & World Economy, 28 (4), pp. 1-25; Strange, R., The 2020 Covid-19 pandemic and global value chains (2020) Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47 (3), pp. 455-465; Swenson, D.L., Woo, W.T., The politics and economics of the US–China trade war (2019) Asian Economic Papers, 18 (3), pp. 1-28; Tania, S.J., Least developed countries in the WTO dispute settlement system (2013) Netherlands International Law Review, 60 (3), pp. 375-409. , Vo; Wang, Z., Wei, S.J., Yu, X., Zhu, K., (2018) NBER Working Paper, , “Re-examining the effects of trading with China on local labor markets A supply chain perspective,”, 24886, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington DC; Winters, L.A., Martuscelli, A., Trade liberalization and poverty: What have we learned in a decade? (2014) Annual Review of Resource Economics, 6 (1), pp. 493-512; (2007) Sixty years of the multilateral trading system: Achievements and challenges, , https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report07_e.pdf, ” [online; cited October 2022]. Available from; (2017) World Trade Report: Trade, Technology, and Jobs, , https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/world_trade_report17_e.pdf, ” [online; cited October 2022]. Available from; Yang, L., Maskus, K.E., Intellectual property rights, technology transfer and exports in developing countries (2009) Journal of Development Economics, 90 (2), pp. 231-236; Zhang, J., Xie, Z., Climate change, trade policy, and the WTO (2021) Rebooting Multilateral Trade Cooperation: Perspectives from China and Europe, , B. Hoekman, X. Tu, D. Wang, eds,, London, CEPR Press; Zhou, J., A new multilateralism? A case study of the Belt and Road Initiative (2020) The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law, 8 (2), pp. 384-413},
correspondence_address1={Song, L.; Crawford School of Public Policy, Australia; email: ligang.song@anu.edu.au},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={16712234},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={China World Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gallea2023,
author={Gallea, Q.},
title={Weapons and war: The effect of arms transfers on internal conflict},
journal={Journal of Development Economics},
year={2023},
volume={160},
doi={10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103001},
art_number={103001},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142000627&doi=10.1016%2fj.jdeveco.2022.103001&partnerID=40&md5=8c667f494907a9e91bdafa69c74261f3},
affiliation={Department of Economics, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Dorigny, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland},
abstract={Despite the fact that weapons are necessary for conflicts, it remains unclear if weapons availability itself causes conflict. I use historical links between arms exporters and importers, and shocks to conflict engagement of the exporters, to instrument the volume of arms imports. The 2SLS estimates reveal that arms imports in Africa increase the likelihood of internal conflict, in particular one-sided violence, the number of fighter and civilian deaths, as well as the number of refugees fleeing the country. The results suggest that arms exporters have the ability to influence violence with their trade. Even if stopping exports might only postpone violence until more weapons are found, the momentary reduced violence could open a window to facilitate negotiations for a peaceful resolution. © 2022 The Author(s)},
author_keywords={Arms imports;  Instrumental variables (IV) estimation;  Internal conflict;  Migration;  Rebellion},
keywords={economic development;  export;  global economy;  international relations;  peacekeeping;  political conflict;  refugee, Africa},
references={Adao, R., Kolesar, M., Morales, E., Shift-share designs: Theory and inference (2019) Q. J. Econ., 134 (4), pp. 1949-2010; Bank, W., World Development Indicators Online Database (2020), http://devdata.worldbank.org/dataonline, The World Bank Group Available on-Line:; Benson, B.V., Ramsay, K.W., Transmission of civil war conflict through trade networks (2018); Borusyak, K., Hull, P., Jaravel, X., Quasi-Experimental Shift-Share Research Designs (2018), National Bureau of Economic Research; Brauer, J., Arms industries, arms trade, and developing countries (2007) Handbook of Defense Economics, Vol. 2, pp. 973-1015. , Elsevier; Christian, P., Barrett, C.B., Revisiting the effect of food aid on conflict: A methodological caution (2017) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (8171); Colella, F., Lalive, R., Sakalli, S.O., Thoenig, M., Inference with arbitrary clustering (2019); Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Greed and grievance in civil war (2004) Oxf. Econ. Pap., 56 (4), pp. 563-595; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Rohner, D., Beyond greed and grievance: feasibility and civil war (2009) Oxf. Econ. Pap., 61 (1), pp. 1-27; Davenport, C., Moore, W., Poe, S., Sometimes you just have to leave: Domestic threats and forced migration, 1964–1989 (2003) Int. Interact., 29 (1), pp. 27-55; De Albuquerque, A.L., Terrorism in Africa: A Quantitative Analysis (2017), Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI); DellaVigna, S., La Ferrara, E., Detecting illegal arms trade (2010) Am. Econ. J.: Econ. Policy, 2 (4), pp. 26-57; Dube, A., Dube, O., García-Ponce, O., Cross-border spillover: US gun laws and violence in Mexico (2013) Am. Political Sci. Rev., 107 (3), pp. 397-417; Eckstein, H., Gurr, T.R., Patterns of Authority: A Structural Basis for Political Inquiry (1975), Wiley-Interscience; Fearon, J.D., Laitin, D.D., Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war (2003) Am. Political Sci. Rev., 97 (1), pp. 75-90; Frey, B., Preliminary report on the prevention of human rights violations committed with small arms and light weapons (2003); Gleditsch, K.S., Transnational dimensions of civil war (2007) J. Peace Res., 44 (3), pp. 293-309; Gleditsch, N.P., Wallensteen, P., Eriksson, M., Sollenberg, M., Strand, H., Armed conflict 1946–2001: A new dataset (2002) J. Peace Res., 39 (5), pp. 615-637; Goldsmith-Pinkham, P., Sorkin, I., Swift, H., Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How (2018), National Bureau of Economic Research; Hatton, T.J., Refugees, asylum seekers, and policy in OECD countries (2016) Amer. Econ. Rev., 106 (5), pp. 441-445; Hegre, H., Ellingsen, T., Gates, S., Gleditsch, N.P., Toward a democratic civil peace? Democracy, political change, and civil war, 1816-1992 (2001) Am. Political Sci. Rev., pp. 33-48; Henderson, C.W., Conditions affecting the use of political repression (1991) J. Confl. Resolut., 35 (1), pp. 120-142; Herby, P., Arms availability and the situation of civilians in armed conflict—Summary of an ICRC study for the 27th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (1999) Int. Rev. Red Cross, 81 (835), pp. 669-672; ICRC, P.C., Humanitarian action through the arms trade treaty (2013); Jaeger, D.A., Ruist, J., Stuhler, J., Shift-Share Instruments and the Impact of Immigration (2018), National Bureau of Economic Research; Killicoat, P., Weaponomics: The economics of small arms (2006); Killicoat, P., Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles (2007), The World Bank; Krain, M., Democracy, internal war, and state-sponsored mass murder (2000) Hum. Rights Rev., 1 (3), pp. 40-48; Magesan, A., Swee, E.L., Out of the ashes, into the fire: The consequences of US weapons sales for political violence (2018) Eur. Econ. Rev., 107, pp. 133-156; Marsh, N., Database of authorised transfers of small arms and light weapons (2014) NISAT Small Arms Trade Database, Vol. 22, , Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers Oslo; Marsh, N.J., McDougal, T.L., Illicit small arms prices: Introducing two new datasets (2017) Small Arms Data Obs.; Marshall, M.G., Gurr, T.R., Peace and Conflict 2003: A Global Survey of Armed Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and Democracy (2003), Center for International Development and Conflict Management; Marshall, M.G., Jaggers, K., Gurr, T.R., Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2002 (2002), University of Maryland; Mc Evoy, C., Hideg, G., Global Violent Deaths 2017: Time to Decide: Report (2017), Small Arms Survey; Nunn, N., Qian, N., US food aid and civil conflict (2014) Amer. Econ. Rev., 104 (6), pp. 1630-1666; Pettersson, T., Oberg, M., Organized violence, 1989–2019 (2020) J. Peace Res., 57 (4); Pettersson, T., Wallensteen, P., Armed conflicts, 1946–2014 (2015) J. Peace Res., 52 (4), pp. 536-550; Poe, S.C., Tate, C.N., Repression of human rights to personal integrity in the 1980s: A global analysis (1994) Am. Political Sci. Rev., 88 (4), pp. 853-872; Rummel, R.J., Democracy, power, genocide, and mass murder (1995) J. Confl. Resolut., 39 (1), pp. 3-26; Salehyan, I., Gleditsch, K.S., Refugees and the spread of civil war (2006) Int. Organ., 60 (2), pp. 335-366; Secretariat, G.D., Global Burden of Armed Violence 2015: Every Body Counts (2015), Cambridge University Press; Sundberg, R., Melander, E., Introducing the UCDP georeferenced event dataset (2013) J. Peace Res., 50 (4), pp. 523-532; Tierney, M.J., Nielson, D.L., Hawkins, D.G., Roberts, J.T., Findley, M.G., Powers, R.M., Parks, B., Hicks, R.L., More dollars than sense: Refining our knowledge of development finance using AidData (2011) World Dev., 39 (11), pp. 1891-1906; Wallensteen, P., Sollenberg, M., Armed conflict and regional conflict complexes, 1989-97 (1998) J. Peace Res., 35 (5), pp. 621-634; Watch, H.R., Angola: Between war and peace in cabinda (2004); Wooldridge, J.M., Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2010), MIT Press; Yanik, L.K., Guns and human rights: Major powers, global arms transfers, and human rights violations (2006) Hum. Rights Q., pp. 357-388},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03043878},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Dev. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Mbuh20221,
author={Mbuh, M.T. and Chakravorty, M. and Clammer, J.},
title={Writing in Times of Displacement: The Existential and Other Discourses},
journal={Writing in Times of Displacement: The Existential and Other Discourses},
year={2022},
pages={1-266},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143455918&partnerID=40&md5=ead9d549553855d3a8bb105ac86382c5},
affiliation={The University of Bamenda, Cameroon; Department of Cultural Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India; Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities, O.P. Jindal Global University, Haryana, India},
abstract={This book presents diverse, composite, non-exclusive and non-hierarchical perspectives on displacement of people as represented in literature. It examines the experiences of migration as a result of wars, natural disasters, religious strife, loss of livelihoods and shifts in local and global economies and the vulnerabilities they expose. © 2023 Taylor and Francis. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Mbuh, M.T.; The University of BamendaCameroon},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000775143; 9781032198491},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={writ. in Times of Displacement: The existent. and Other Discourses},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kulikov2022943,
author={Kulikov, P. and Aziukovskyi, O. and Vahonova, O. and Bondar, O. and Akimova, L. and Akimov, O.},
title={Post-war Economy of Ukraine: Innovation and Investment Development Project},
journal={Economic Affairs (New Delhi)},
year={2022},
volume={67},
number={5},
pages={943-959},
doi={10.46852/0424-2513.5.2022.30},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148077890&doi=10.46852%2f0424-2513.5.2022.30&partnerID=40&md5=98d81db746ee3d5c12ecca14a82f3673},
affiliation={Dept. of Economic Theory Accounting and Taxation, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dept. Electric Drive, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine; Dept. of Applied Economics Entrepreneurship and Publik Management, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine; Dept. of Project Management, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dept. of Labor Resources and Entrepreneurship, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine; Dept. of Public Administration, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine},
abstract={The article attempts to scientifically search for an answer to the question about the possibilities and prospects of innovative and investment development of the post-war economy of Ukraine, taking into account specific country conditions and trends in the global economy as a whole. The experience of the post-war reconstruction of Germany and Japan, the Marshall Plan, and much later projects for the reconstruction of Iraq and Croatia after regional military conflicts are taken as the basis for the analysis. The problems studied in the article are of particular importance in the absence of conceptual works, both fundamental and reasonably practical, devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the post-war development of Ukraine and ways to revive its economy, which would take into account the changed conditions within the country itself and in the world as a whole. © 2022 Economic Affairs (New Delhi). All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic growth;  Economic recovery;  Innovation,Digitalization;  Post-war economy},
funding_text 1={The tasks solved within the framework of the program had quite specific implementation mechanisms. The provision of material and financial assistance through grants provided for the creation of special accounts in the recipient country (equivalent funds), in which they previously deposited amounts in the local currency equivalent to the grants approved by the administration of the program. These funds could be used to pay off debts, stimulate production, reconstruct and rehabilitate, as well as create new sources of wealth only by agreement between the administration of the program and the government of the recipient country. This circumstance had a number of effects (Schain, 2009): 1. Leverage effect, expressed in a significant increase in funding programs, since up to 90% of material assistance was provided to Western Europe in the form of grants (Steil, 2018);},
references={Akimova, L., Khomiuk, N., Bezena, I., Lytvynchuk, I., Petroye, O., Planning of socioeconomic development of the territories (experience of European Union) (2020) Int. J. Manag. (IJM), 11 (4), pp. 638-646; Bergmann, J., Romanyshyn, I., (2022) Rebuilding Ukraine: How the EU should support Ukraine's reconstruction and recovery (Policy Brief 6/2022), , https://doi.org/10.23661/ipb6.2022, Bonn: IDOS; Bičanić, I., Franičević, V., (2003) Understanding Reform: the Case of Croatia, , The WIIW Balkan Observatory, Working Paper 033; (2014) The Postwar Occupation of Japan: The History of the Transition from World War II to Modern Japan, , CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; Datzenko, V., The cost of reconstruction: Calculations of the National Recovery Council (2022) Transparency International, , https://ti-ukraine.org/en/blogs/the-cost-of-reconstruction-calculations-of-the-national-recovery-council/, September 12. Last Accessed on 12th March, 2022; Deyneha, I.O., Akimova, L.M., Kratt, O.A., Regional features of marketing mix formation in rural green tourism (2016) Actual Probl. Econ, 9 (183), pp. 184-194; Djidrov, M., Mirakovski, D., Simeonov, S., Cvetkov, S., Sovreski, Z., Relationship between economic freedom and conflict in the Balkan region (2013) Int. J. Sci. and Eng. Res, 4 (10), pp. 433-436; Dobbins, J., Poole, M., Long, A., Runkle, B., (2008) After the War: Nation-Building from FDR to George W. Bush, , Corporation; Gaman, P., Yarovoi, T., Shestakovska, T., Akimov, O., Akimova, L., Institutional Platform to Ensure the Interaction between the Subjects of Combating Medical and Biological Emergencies Mechanism (2022) Econ. Aff, 67, pp. 765-775. , (04s); Gavkalova, N., Lola, Yu., Prokopovych, S., Akimov, A., Smalskys, V., Akimova, L., Innovative Development of Renewable Energy During The Crisis Period and Its Impact on the Environment (2022) Vir. Econ, 5 (1), pp. 65-77; Glossner, C., (2012) The Making of the German Post-War Economy: Political Communication and Public Reception of the Social Market Economy After World War Two, , I.B. Tauris; Gunel, G., (2019) Spaceship in the Desert: Energy, Climate Change, and Urban Design in Abu Dhabi, , Duke University Press; Gunter, F., (2013) The Political Economy of Iraq: Restoring Balance in a Post-Conflict Society, , Edward Elgar Pub; Gupta, M., Alareeni, B., Akimova, L., Gupta, S.K., Derhaliuk, M.O., Application of Fuzzy Logic Data Analysis Method for Business Development (2021) Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 194, pp. 75-93. , LNNS; Holm, M., (2016) The Marshall Plan: A New Deal for Europe, , Routledge; Hudson, T., (2022) Exponential Emirates: The Extraordinary Growth Story of the United Arab Emirates, , GRIN Verlag; Jackson, D., Lough, J., (2022) Accountability in Reconstruction: International Experience and the case of Ukraine, , July. Chatham House; Kalyayev, A., Efimov, G., Motornyy, V., Dzianyy, R., Akimova, L., Global Security Governance: Conceptual Approaches and Practical Imperatives (2019) Proceedings of the 33rd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2019: Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020, pp. 4484-4495. , 10-11 April 2019, Spain, Granada; Kindzerski, Y., Postwar recovery of Ukraine's industry: Challenges and features of policy (2022) Ekonomichniy Analyz, 32 (2), pp. 101-117; Klymenko, V.V., Akimova, L.M., Korzh, M.V., Regional aspects of middle class development in Ukraine (2016) Actual Prob. of Econo, 4 (178), pp. 178-188; (2017) Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030: The Kingdom's plan for life after oil, , https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/uk/pdf/2017/03/saudi-vision-2030-life-after-oil-kpmg-corporate-intelligence.pdf; Kryshtanovych, M., Akimova, L., Akimov, O., Parkhomenko- Kutsevil, O., Omarov, A., Features of creative burnout among educational workers in public administration system (2022) Creativity Studies this link is Disabled, 15 (1), pp. 116-129; Kushnir, I., (2019) Economy of Ukraine (Economy in Countries Series), , GRIN Verlag; Kuzmina, M., Karpenko, A., Tabunshchyk, G., Kuzmin, V., Karpenko, N., Popovych, V., (2021) Career strategies approach for the digitalised world requirements; Ladonko, L., Mozhaikina, N., Buryk, Z., Ostrovskyi, I., Saienko, V., Regional aspects of the economy modernization: the qualitative evidence from EU countries (2022) Int. J. Qual. Res, 16 (3), pp. 851-862; Levytska, S., Pershko, L., Akimova, L., Akimov, O., Havrilenko, K., Kucherovskii, O., A Risk- Oriented Approach in the System of Internal Auditing of the Subjects of Financial Monitoring (2022) Int. J. Appl. Econ. Finance Account, 14 (2), pp. 194-206; Lewarne, S., Todd, N., Mariani, J., Cha, J., (2022) The reconstruction of Ukraine: Historical lessons for postwar reconstruction of Ukraine, , Deloitte; Mallakh, R., (2018) The Economic Development of the United Arab Emirates, , Routledge; Miller, R., (2016) Desert Kingdoms to Global Powers: The Rise of the Arab Gulf, , Yale University Press; Moshashai, D., Leber, A., Savage, J., Saudi Arabia plans for its economic future: Vision 2030, the National Transformation Plan and Saudi fiscal reform (2020) Br. J. Middle East Stud, 47 (3), pp. 381-401; Schain, M.A., (2009) The Marshall Plan: Fifty Years After (Europe in Transition: The NYU European Studies Series), , Palgrave Macmillan; Stanzel, V., (2015) Seventy Years After World War II: German and Japanese Successes and Responsibilities, , https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep18881, German Marshall Fund of the United States; Steil, B., (2018) The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War, , Simon and Schuster; Stjepanović, D., Regional Transformation Processes in the Western Balkan Countries (2014) Reg. Fed. Stud, 24 (2), pp. 245-246; Ulyanova, L., Chaika, Y., Innovative aspects of sustainable development of Ukraine's economy (2021) Ekonomichny Analyz, 31 (1), pp. 218-226; Center, Wilson, (2021) From "the Ukraine" to Ukraine: A contemporary history, , Ibidem-Verlag; Yousif, B., Morrar, R., El-Joumayle, O., Conflict, Institutions and the Iraqi Economy, 2003- 2018 (2020), Economic Research Forum, Working Paper 1387; Zogg, B., Lugano conference: A first step towards Ukraine's recovery (2022) Security and Human Rights Monitor, , https://www.shrmonitor.org/lugano-conference-a-first-step-towards-ukraines-recovery/, July 21. Last Accessed on 14th April, 2022},
correspondence_address1={Akimov, O.; Dept. of Public Administration, Ukraine; email: 1970aaa@ukr.net},
publisher={AESSRA},
issn={04242513},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Aff.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lim2022,
author={Lim, S. and Tanaka, S.},
title={Why Costly Rivalry Disputes Persist: A Paired Conjoint Experiment in Japan and South Korea},
journal={International Studies Quarterly},
year={2022},
volume={66},
number={4},
doi={10.1093/isq/sqac063},
art_number={sqac063},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145003306&doi=10.1093%2fisq%2fsqac063&partnerID=40&md5=d4f1b408300127a1b1b39d9e163fe709},
affiliation={Korea University, South Korea; University of Groningen, Netherlands},
abstract={The literature suggests that voters have a self-centered incentive to call for the de-escalation of conflicts that inflict economic costs on them, which explains why economic sanctions and trade wars often lose popular support when the resulting cost for the domestic economy rises. It is thus puzzling why some costly disputes between two advanced democracies are prolonged. Taking a psychological approach, we argue that nonviolent yet costly disputes between international rivals can fail to de-escalate because the perception of loss invokes anger and risk-taking attitudes. We test our argument using a paired conjoint experiment involving Japan and South Korea. We find that, in both countries, the public becomes more defiant and less supportive of de-escalating an ongoing dispute when informed about (1) the high cost of the trade restrictions on domestic firms, (2) international (i.e., World Trade Organization) support for the rival country, and (3) the rival public's hardline stance on the dispute. These findings lend support to our psychological explanation. © 2022 The Author(s) (2022). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Studies Association.},
keywords={democracy;  experimental study;  global economy;  international trade;  psychology;  risk assessment;  trade performance;  trade relations;  World Trade Organization, Japan;  South Korea},
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publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={00208833},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud. Q.},
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source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alotaibi2022,
author={Alotaibi, T.A.N.M.S. and Morales, L.},
title={Financial Uncertainty from a Dual Shock at Global Level–Insights from Kuwait},
journal={International Journal of Financial Studies},
year={2022},
volume={10},
number={4},
doi={10.3390/ijfs10040101},
art_number={101},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144676012&doi=10.3390%2fijfs10040101&partnerID=40&md5=c0ab05a4d46fab5cb21e55db22e22338},
affiliation={Department of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, D07 EWV4, Ireland},
abstract={Global stock markets experienced a dual shock in 2020 due to the impact of the global health crisis, parallel to a simultaneous shock derived from the Saudi Arabia and Russia oil price war. The dual shock fueled oil market volatility with lasting effects as the global economy is immersed in an energy crisis combined with high inflationary pressures exacerbated by heightened energy costs. This research paper implemented GARCH and FIGARCH models on daily returns from 31 December 2015, to 9 December 2021, to examine volatility persistence and long memory processes. The world’s most prominent economies are represented by the G7, E7 and the GCC stock markets. Particular attention was devoted to the case of Kuwait as an example of a small oil-dependent economy. The research findings suggest evidence of volatility persistence across the markets, as reported by the GARCH (1,1) model. The FIGARCH (1,1) did not offer significant evidence of long memory processes except for the cases of FTSE 100, BIST 100, IDEX, BSE 100 and Bahrain. © 2022 by the authors.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  dual shock;  Kuwait;  market shocks;  oil;  stock markets},
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(2021) Evidence from G7 and BRICS economies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18; Su, J.-B., How to Promote the Performance of Parametric Volatility Forecasts in the Stock Market? A Neural Networks Approach (2021) Entropy, 23; Taheri, N., The Impact of Oil Price on Stock Markets: Evidence from Developed Markets (2014) Ph.D. dissertation, , http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1312, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi (DAÜ), Famagusta, Cyprus, Available online; Yousef, I., Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on stock market volatility (2020) International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24, pp. 18069-18081},
correspondence_address1={Morales, L.; Department of Accounting, Ireland; email: lucia.morales@tudublin.ie},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={22277072},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intern. J. Financial Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Palley2022462,
author={Palley, T.},
title={Theorizing dollar hegemony: the political economic foundations of exorbitant privilege},
journal={Review of Keynesian Economics},
year={2022},
volume={10},
number={4},
pages={462-498},
doi={10.4337/roke.2022.04.02},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140966056&doi=10.4337%2froke.2022.04.02&partnerID=40&md5=65201b8a9f172ca6112ecca7eb934d1a},
affiliation={Economics for Democratic and Open Societies, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={This paper explores dollar hegemony, emphasizing that it is a fundamentally political economic phenomenon. Dollar hegemony rests on the economic, military, and international political power of the US and is manifested through market forces. The paper argues that there have been two eras of dollar hegemony which were marked by different models. Dollar hegemony 1.0 corresponded to the Bretton Woods era (1946–1971). Dollar hegemony 2.0 corresponds to the Neoliberal era (1980–today). The 1970s were an in-between decade of dollar distress during which dollar hegemony was reseeded. The deep founda-tion of both models is US power, but the two models have completely different economic operating systems. Dollar hegemony 1.0 rested on the trade and manufacturing dominance of the US after World War II. Dollar hegemony 2.0 rests on the Neoliberal reconstruction of the US and global economies which have made the US the center of global capitalism and the most attractive place to hold capital. It is a financial model and intrinsically con-nected to Neoliberalism. Consideration of dollar hegemony leads to two further questions. One is whether there is a better way of organizing the world monetary order, which is associated with a debate about the possibility of a new Bretton Woods. The other is: what is the future of dollar hegemony?. © 2022 The Author.},
author_keywords={Bretton Woods;  capital mobi-lity;  currency competition;  dollar hegemony;  Neoliberalism;  power},
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correspondence_address1={Palley, T.; Economics for Democratic and Open SocietiesUnited States; email: mail@thomaspalley.com},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
issn={20495323},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Keynes. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Abdul-Salam2022,
author={Abdul-Salam, Y.},
title={An economic and policy case for development of the controversial Cambo field in the UK Continental Shelf},
journal={Resources Policy},
year={2022},
volume={79},
doi={10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103070},
art_number={103070},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140326959&doi=10.1016%2fj.resourpol.2022.103070&partnerID=40&md5=8b5d53ef150719877308e6e3881b8c65},
affiliation={University of Aberdeen, Business School Office, S63 Edward Wright Building, Dunbar Street, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3QY, Scotland, United Kingdom},
abstract={A raging debate currently persists regarding the future political economy of the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) in relation to the prudence of new field developments in the province. Leading up to the COP26 global summit in November 2021, this debate had sharply centred on the pending application for consent to develop the Cambo field in the West of Shetland region of the province. Opposers of the field have called for a rejection of the application for consent to develop the field, citing the recent IEA and UN IPCC reports urging significant reductions in petroleum developments globally. Proponents of the field however argue that oil and gas remain vital to UK energy security as it transitions to net-zero; an argument that has been bolstered by the dynamics of the energy industry since the commencement of the Russia-Ukraine war and the resulting geopolitical fallouts and supply chain disruptions. This paper examines the commercial viability of the Cambo field to make an economic and policy case for its development. I recommend that owing to its high economic viability and low carbon intensity, the UK Government should consider approving the application for consent to develop the field, contingent on a stringent carbon emissions reduction programme for the field being implemented. This recommendation is consistent with a ‘just’ approach to energy transition, as well as the UK's policy of maximising economic recovery (MER) from the wider UKCS sector. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd},
author_keywords={Cambo;  Economic;  Energy transition;  MER;  Policy;  UKCS},
keywords={Emission control;  Energy security;  Public policy;  Supply chains, % reductions;  Cambo;  Continental shelfs;  Economic recovery;  Energy transitions;  Field development;  Maximizing economic recovery;  Political economy;  UK continental shelf;  West of shetlands, Carbon, economic development;  economic policy;  energy market;  energy policy;  European Union;  global economy;  international relations;  political economy, Russian Federation;  Ukraine;  United Kingdom},
funding_text 1={I would like to thank my colleagues in the University of Aberdeen Business School (Economics Department), in particular Prof Euan Phimister, who provided valuable feedback on an earlier version of this paper. I would also like to thank the Editor of this journal for his valuable feedback during the review process.},
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publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={03014207},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Resour. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gouvea2022,
author={Gouvea, R. and Kapelianis, D. and Li, S. and Terra, B.},
title={Innovation, ICT & food security},
journal={Global Food Security},
year={2022},
volume={35},
doi={10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100653},
art_number={100653},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138773378&doi=10.1016%2fj.gfs.2022.100653&partnerID=40&md5=54bc08120bc185fc768e1576e8f7de75},
affiliation={University of New Mexico, United States; State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
abstract={Food security is still a major issue permeating the global economy. Further, the salience of food security as an issue has increased dramatically following a global pandemic, a land war in Europe, fuel and fertilizer shortages, supply-chain shocks, and widespread inflation in food prices. Millennium Development Goals – MDGs brought back the issue of food security to the forefront of global innovation, technology, and environmental discussions. The agriculture industry today is becoming smarter, digitized, and more innovation and technological driven and integrated. This paper assesses the role of technology in ameliorating the risk of food security. We use a sample of 106 countries over the period from 2012 to 2018 to test this notion. Our results indicate that technology has a positive impact on global food security. For OECD countries, the impact is mostly on food availability, while for non-OECD countries the impact is mostly on food affordability. Moreover, OECD countries have been seeing increasing importance of technology to their food security in recent years. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},
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Theor., 189, p. 105; Wassmann, R., eta, A., Adaptation, mitigation and food security: multi-criteria ranking system for climate-smart agriculture technologies illustrated for rainfed rice in Laos (2019) Global Food Secur., 23 (December), pp. 33-40; Wilaarts, B., De Stefano, L., Garrido, A., Water and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean: regional opportunities to cope with global challenges (2014) Water for Food and Wellbeing in Latin America and the Caribbean, chapter 1, pp. 3-24. , Barbara Wilaarts Alberto Garrido M.R. Llamas Social and Environmental Implications for a Globalized Economy New York: Routledge},
correspondence_address1={Kapelianis, D.; University of New MexicoUnited States; email: dkapeli@unm.edu},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={22119124},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Food Secur.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Son20223121,
author={Son, M.},
title={The global propagation of the US–China trade war},
journal={Empirical Economics},
year={2022},
volume={63},
number={6},
pages={3121-3157},
doi={10.1007/s00181-022-02231-7},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127681494&doi=10.1007%2fs00181-022-02231-7&partnerID=40&md5=d3007c6d6fb483a7f513f62d9c694b30},
affiliation={Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={This paper examines upstream propagations of the US–China tariff war in 2018–2019 through the lens of exports from 32 countries to China. Building an industry-country specific measure of input–output linkages with China, we obtain new empirical evidence that the US tariffs on Chinese imports had a significant adverse effect on third countries by dampening Chinese demand for foreign inputs. A one standard deviation rise in this upstream shock leads to a decline in the growth rate of exports to China by 2.6 percentage points. A quantification exercise shows that the upstream propagation of US tariffs has incurred an average GDP loss of 0.05 percent for these countries. Taiwan and Korea, key suppliers to China, were most severely hurt by this vertical effect. Firm-level analysis using a panel of Korean manufacturers lends further support to the importance of this vertical linkage channel. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},
author_keywords={Input–output linkages;  Trade policy;  Upstream effect;  US–China trade war},
keywords={economic impact;  global economy;  input-output analysis;  international trade;  tariff structure, China;  United States},
references={Acemoglu, D., Akcigit, U., Kerr, W., Networks and the macroeconomy: an empirical exploration (2016) NBER Macroecon An, 30, pp. 276-335; Alessandria, G., Kaboski, J.P., Midrigan, V., Inventories, lumpy trade, and large devaluations (2010) Am Econ Rev, 100 (5), pp. 2304-2339; Amiti, M., Itskhoki, O., Konings, J., Importers, exporters, and exchange rate disconnect (2014) Am Econ Rev, 104 (7), pp. 1942-1978; Amiti, M., Sang Hoon, K., David, W., The effect of the U.S.–China trade war on U.S. investment (2020) National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper; Amiti, M., Redding, S.J., Weinstein, D.E., Who’s paying for the US tariffs? A longer-term perspective (2020) AEA Pap Proceed, 110, pp. 541-546; Amiti, M., Stephen, R., David, W., The impact of the 2018 tariffs on prices and welfare (2019) J Econ Perspect, p. 33; Antràs, P., de Gortari, A., On the geography of global value Chains (2020) Econometrica, 84, p. 4; Antràs, P., Chor, D., Organizing the global value Chain (2013) Econometrica, 81 (6), pp. 2127-2204; Antràs, P., Chor, D., On the measurement of upstreamness and downstreamness in global value Chains (2018) National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper; Bems, R., Johnson, R.C., Yi, K.-M., The great trade collapse (2013) Ann Rev Econ, 5 (1), pp. 375-400; Bems, R., Johnson, R., Yi, K.-M., Vertical linkages and the collapse of global trade (2011) Am Econ Rev Pap Proceed, 101 (3), pp. 308-312; Bernard, A., Bradford Jensen, J., Peter, S., Importers, exporters, and a portrait of firms in the U.S. that trade goods (2008) Producer Dynamics: New Evidence from Micro Data, pp. 513-552. , University of Chicago Press; Bown, C., Euijin, J., Eva, Z., (2019) Trump has gotten China to lower its tariffs. Just toward everyone else, , . PIIE trade and investment policy watch 12 June, Peterson Institute for International Economics; Bown, C.P., Crowley, M.A., Policy externalities: how US antidumping affects Japanese exports to the EU (2006) Eur J Polit Econ, 22 (1), pp. 696-714; Bown, C.P., Crowley, M.A., Trade deflection and trade depression (2007) J Int Econ, 72 (1), pp. 176-201; Bown, C., Paola, C., Aksel, E., Lorenzo, T., (2021) Trade protection along supply Chain. Center for economic policy research discussion paper; Caliendo, L., Parro, F., Estimates of the trade and welfare effects of NAFTA (2014) Rev Econ Stud, 82 (1), pp. 1-44; Carvalho, V.M., Tahbaz-Salehi, A., Production networks: a primer (2019) Ann Rev Econ, 11 (1), pp. 635-663; Chor, D., Li, B., (2021) Illuminating the Effects of the US–China Tariff War on China’s Economy, p. 29349; Cigna, S., Meinen, P., Schulte, P., Steinhoff, N., The impact of US tariffs against China on US imports: evidence for trade diversion? (2022) Econ Inq, 60 (1), pp. 162-173; Crowley, M., (2019) Trade War: The Clash of Economic Systems Endangering Global Prosperity, , Center for economic policy research press; Defever, F., Imbruno, M., Kneller, R., Trade liberalization, input intermediaries and firm productivity: evidence from China (2020) J Int Econ, 126, p. 103329; Fajgelbaum, P.D., Goldberg, P.K., Kennedy, P.J., Khandelwal, A.K., The return to protectionism (2019) Quart J Econ, 135 (1), pp. 1-55; Flaaen, A., Pierce, J., Disentangling the effects of the 2018–2019 tariffs on a globally connected U.S. manufacturing sector (2019) FEDS Working Paper, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; Handley, K., Limão, N., Trade and investment under policy uncertainty: theory and firm evidence (2015) Am Econ J Econ Policy, 7 (4), pp. 189-222; Handley, K., Fariha, K., Ryan, M., Rising import tariffs, falling export growth: When modern supply chains meet old-style protectionism (2020) National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, p. 26611; Huang, Y., Chen, L., Sibo, L., Heiwei, T., Trade networks and firm value: Evidence from the U.S.–China trade war (2019) Center for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, p. 14173; Hummels, D., Ishii, J., Yi, K.-M., The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade (2001) J Int Econ, 54 (1), pp. 75-96; Kang, J.S., Liao, W., (2016) Chinese Imports: What’s behind the Slowdown? IMF Working Paper 16/106, , international monetary fund; Levchenko, A.A., Lewis, L.T., Tesar, L.L., The collapse of international trade during the 2008–09 crisis. In: Search of the smoking gun (2010) IMF Econ Rev, 58 (2), pp. 214-253; Mau, K., US policy spillover (?)—China’s accession to the WTO and rising exports to the EU (2017) Eur Econ Rev, 98, pp. 169-188; Pakel, B.D., Beata Smarzynska, J., Michalski, T.K., Evren, O., Financial constraints and propagation of shocks in production networks. CESifo working paper 8607 (2020) Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (Cesifo); Timmer, M., Erik, D., Bart, L., Robert, S., de Vries, G.J., An illustrated user guide to the world input–output database: The case of global automotive production (2015) Rev Int Econ, 23 (3); Yu, M., Processing trade, tariff reductions and firm productivity: evidence from Chinese firms (2014) Econ J, 125 (June), pp. 943-988},
correspondence_address1={Son, M.; Economic Research Institute, South Korea; email: mkson@bok.or.kr},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={03777332},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Empir. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kalogiannidis202237,
author={Kalogiannidis, S. and Chatzitheodoridis, F. and Kalfas, D. and Kontsas, S. and Toska, E.},
title={The Economic Impact of Russia’s Ukraine Conflict on the EU Fuel Markets},
journal={International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={6},
pages={37-49},
doi={10.32479/ijeep.13493},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142690219&doi=10.32479%2fijeep.13493&partnerID=40&md5=663c222ae50fce82c62753f5a9a9cb7f},
affiliation={Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Greece; Department of Regional and Cross Border Development, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Greece; Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Terma Kondopoulou, Florina, 53100, Greece},
abstract={The recent Russian invasion of Ukraine has had significant effects on the global economy. The purpose of study is to display how Russia’s aggression and the international sanctions imposed have affected the European economy, especially the petrol and gas market. Albeit the goal of sanctions was to press and hurt Russia, seems to harm in equal to the European economies mainly through immediate effects on the supply of energy. If the war in Ukraine lasts, estimated that the energy prices will stay high, and the European governments will feel uncertain about the available quantity and adequacy of energy resources. © 2022, Econjournals. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic Implications;  Fuel Market;  Russia;  Ukraine;  War},
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New York: United Nations; (2022) Global Impact of War in Ukraine on Food, Energy, and Finance Systems, , United Nations: New York; Schwarzenberg, A.B., (2022) Russia’s 2022 War against Ukraine: Global Economic Effects, , https://www.crsreports.congress.gov, Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service (CRS); (2022) Commodity Markets Outlook, April 2022: The Impact of the War in Ukraine on Commodity Markets, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37223, Washington, DC: World Bank Group; (2022) Food Security Implications of the Ukraine Conflict, , https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000137707/download, Rome: World Food Programme; Zenner, D., Méndez, A.R., Schillinger, S., Val, E., Wickramage, K., Health and illness in migrants and refugees arriving in europe: Analysis of the electronic personal health record system (2022) Journal of Travel Medicine, , https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taac035; Zhang, K., Choo, J., Eng, F.S., Assailing the Barisan nasional fortress (2022) The Democratic Action Party in Johor, 51. , Singapore: ISEAS Publishing},
correspondence_address1={Kalogiannidis, S.; Department of Business Administration, Greece; email: aff00056@uowm.gr},
publisher={Econjournals},
issn={21464553},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Petranek2022126,
author={Petranek, L.M.},
title={DANCING ON THE EDGE OF OBLIVION},
journal={Arab Studies Quarterly},
year={2022},
volume={44},
number={3-4},
pages={126-153},
doi={10.13169/ARABSTUDQUAR.44.3-4.0126},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147559469&doi=10.13169%2fARABSTUDQUAR.44.3-4.0126&partnerID=40&md5=9b39c7e30544234e5c6cc1eab2a0a82e},
affiliation={Faculty of Ethnic Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, United States},
abstract={This article discusses the current precarious state of the US economy vis-à-vis the rise of China and the US proxy war in Ukraine. It discusses the problematic of a capitalist economy and the fundamental requirement of capital accumulation to avert and circumvent capitalist cyclical crises. It also discusses the methodology of accumulation, the law of value and the necessity of geographic hegemonic control in order to sustain homeostasis within a capitalist economy. Brought into the discussion is the effect such a dynamic imposes upon not only the hegemons (US, EU, Russia, and China) within the global economy but also the population and environment that such an unrelenting mission imposes upon the ecology and geopolitical state of affairs. In response to the endogenous exigencies of capital accumulation and the exogenous threats that such projects as China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Russia's interests as an Eastern European hegemon present, US foreign policy is designed as strategies (“strategy of containment” in reference to Russia after World War II and now the “strategy of denial” to contain the influence China presents as a world hegemon). Also, policy changes that are codified, such as the Bush Doctrine and the National Security Strategy of the United States of America provided legal rationalization and protection for the US to pursue practices that contravened international law i.e. the Geneva Conventions. China has emerged as a world hegemon and is ubiquitously engaging on the world stage especially in Eastern, Western and South Asia, the Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, South and Central America, and Mexico. The country is becoming a threat to US capitalist interest with their “natural partnerships,” with their China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), with their 1+2+3 Cooperation Frameworks, and with their 4 Action Plans within these countries. These Chinese initiatives as actions are seen to be destabilizing what the US calls “the balance of power” and “the rules-based order” within the global economy. The US is counteracting the threat to US capital accumulation with its neoliberal and neocon agenda, mostly formulated by the main actors within the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) who play an important role in formulating US foreign policy in the interest of US capital and the US military industrial complex. The US is implementing this with the postulates outlined in the 2021 book The Strategy of Denial: American Defense in an Age of Great Power Conflict by Eldridge A. Colby and his fellow cohorts within the CFR who formulated the theory and particulars of the strategy that the US is currently pursuing. © 2022 Pluto Journals. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Belt and Road Initiative (BRI);  capital accumulation;  capitalist cyclical crises;  China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF);  Council of Foreign Relations (CFR);  hegemony;  law of value;  natural partners;  proxy wars;  strategy of denial},
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correspondence_address1={Petranek, L.M.; Faculty of Ethnic Studies, United States},
publisher={Pluto Journals},
issn={02713519},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Arab Stud.Quart.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hung20221177,
author={Hung, H.-F.},
title={The Virus, the Dollar, and the Global Order: The COVID-19 Crisis in Comparative Perspective},
journal={Development and Change},
year={2022},
volume={53},
number={6},
pages={1177-1199},
doi={10.1111/dech.12735},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138804509&doi=10.1111%2fdech.12735&partnerID=40&md5=9003c8f88a3a97bfb949108e6e670e3c},
affiliation={Department of Sociology and the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States},
abstract={In 2003, the SARS pandemic led to a framework of global public health governance which was characterized by cooperation between the USA and China, and China's increasing influence in the World Health Organization. In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008, major economies of the world, above all the USA, established the standard of aggressive fiscal and monetary expansion to mitigate any major crisis of the global economy. The effectiveness of such expansions in bringing global economic recovery without fuelling out-of-control inflation hinged on the deepening of US–China economic integration. These global health and economic governance frameworks, which emerged from two previous crises, conditioned the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Ironically, the COVID-19 crisis and the global responses to it undermined the legitimacy of the global public health governing institutions and further aggravated US–China rivalry, which had started before the pandemic. On the other hand, the crisis sustained economic integration between the two countries, despite the US–China trade war that began on the eve of the pandemic. This contradictory geopolitical and geo-economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis will bring more uncertainty and instability to the global order in the wake of the pandemic. © 2022 International Institute of Social Studies.},
keywords={COVID-19;  economic integration;  financial crisis;  geopolitics;  global economy;  international cooperation;  public health, China;  United States},
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correspondence_address1={Hung, H.-F.; Department of Sociology and the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, United States; email: hofung@jhu.edu},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={0012155X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dev. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Martin2022753,
author={Martin, W. and Minot, N.},
title={The impacts of price insulation on world wheat markets during the 2022 food price crisis},
journal={Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics},
year={2022},
volume={66},
number={4},
pages={753-774},
doi={10.1111/1467-8489.12498},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142000527&doi=10.1111%2f1467-8489.12498&partnerID=40&md5=e2a3eb37a046213e22ea25d24e736281},
affiliation={International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={This paper begins with a survey of recent commodity price developments that highlights the magnitude of this price surge and identifies the rapid rise in wheat prices as a key element. The analysis in this paper focuses on the extent to which domestic markets are insulated from these changes and on the resulting impacts on world prices. An econometric analysis using error-correction models finds stable long-term relationships between world wheat prices and most domestic prices of wheat and wheat products, but with considerable variation across countries in the rate of price transmission. A case study of the price shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine food price crisis finds that price insulation roughly doubled the overall increase in world wheat prices and raised their volatility both during periods of price increase and price decline. © 2022 Australasian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Inc.},
author_keywords={cointegration;  COVID;  ECM;  error correction;  food price crisis;  model;  price insulation;  Ukraine war},
keywords={agricultural market;  agricultural trade;  cointegration analysis;  commodity price;  COVID-19;  error correction;  food market;  food supply;  global economy;  price determination;  resource scarcity;  trade flow;  war;  wheat, Ukraine},
funding_text 1={Thanks are due to many IFPRI colleagues who provided comments on our approach, particularly David Laborde and Jo Swinnen, and to two anonymous reviewers.},
references={Abdulai, A., Using threshold cointegration to estimate asymmetric price transmission in the Swiss pork market (2002) Applied Economics, 34 (6), pp. 679-687; Anderson, K., Ivanic, M., Martin, W.J., Food price spikes, price insulation, and poverty (2014) The economics of food price volatility, pp. 311-314. , http://www.nber.org/chapters/c12818.ack, &, Chavas, J.-P., Hummels, D., &, Wright, B., (Eds.), Chicago, University of Chicago Press for NBER, Available from; Bagwell, K., Staiger, R., An economic theory of GATT (1999) American Economic Review, 89 (1), pp. 215-248; Baquedano, F.G., Liefert, W., Market integration and price transmission in consumer markets of developing countries (2014) Food Policy, 44, pp. 103-114; Bhattasali, D., Li, S., Martin, W., (2004) China and the WTO: accession, policy reform and poverty reduction, , &, (Eds.). 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correspondence_address1={Martin, W.; International Food Policy Research InstituteUnited States; email: wmartin573@gmail.com},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={1364985X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Aust. J. Agric. Resour. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ihle2022775,
author={Ihle, R. and Bar-Nahum, Z. and Nivievskyi, O. and Rubin, O.D.},
title={Russia’s invasion of Ukraine increased the synchronisation of global commodity prices},
journal={Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics},
year={2022},
volume={66},
number={4},
pages={775-796},
doi={10.1111/1467-8489.12496},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141379669&doi=10.1111%2f1467-8489.12496&partnerID=40&md5=39cf3c75ac1a1d9690ec07ea77bcaa97},
affiliation={Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Economics and Management, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Economic Education, Kyiv School of Economics, Center for Food and Land Use Research, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Public Policy and Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel},
abstract={The Russian Federation’s efforts to expand its regional political influence culminated in launching a full-scale war of aggression on Ukraine on 24 February 2022. As both countries are large exporters of commodities crucial for global food and energy security, the resulting abrupt supply chains disruptions created substantial uncertainty in commodity markets worldwide. This study quantifies to what extent this major shock induced global commodity prices to move more synchronously by gauging their time-varying comovement. Using the concordance index, it analyses the development of 15 key global commodity price indices from January 2010 to July 2022. We find that the supply chains disruptions increased synchronisation of grain, energy and fertiliser prices at the global level in direction and magnitude. Moreover, they resulted in contagion across numerous food and non-food markets, creating a global covariate shock to food and energy security. Notably, the increased synchronisation at broad scale restricts the ability of consumers to mitigate the adverse effects of food and energy price inflation by resorting to inexpensive alternatives. Hence, policymakers must improve the resilience of global food supply chains sustainably such that adverse effects of attaining the Sustainable Development Goals in crises can be minimised. © 2022 The Authors. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Inc.},
author_keywords={commodity price indices;  covariate market shock;  food market vulnerability;  food system resilience;  price comovement;  supply chain disruption;  war},
keywords={commodity price;  food market;  food supply;  global economy;  market conditions;  policy making;  supply chain management;  vulnerability;  war, Russian Federation;  Ukraine},
funding_text 1={The authors thank the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality for supporting this research via the funding of CLIMAGRI4Ukraine as part of its ‘Kansen voor Morgen’ program.},
funding_text 2={The authors thank Tihomir Ancev and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable suggestions.},
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correspondence_address1={Ihle, R.; Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Hollandseweg 1, Bode 16, Netherlands; email: rico.ihle@wur.nl},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={1364985X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Aust. J. Agric. Resour. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Thobejane2022,
author={Thobejane, T.D.},
title={Human Mobility, Covid-19, and Survival in Africa: Revisiting the Coronavirus pandemic as the Russia-Ukraine war rages},
journal={Ikenga},
year={2022},
volume={23},
number={3},
doi={10.53836/ijia/2022/23/3/008},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146395051&doi=10.53836%2fijia%2f2022%2f23%2f3%2f008&partnerID=40&md5=e79a7389f35360d1392a33c9995c9ee7},
affiliation={Faculty of Humanities, Human and Social Sciences and Education, Department of Youth in Development, University of Venda, South Africa},
abstract={Africa has seen some changes pertaining to human mobility in 2020 and 2021 respectively. The continent has also witnessed a dramatic reduction in cross-border movements, especially along the Zambezi River (Zimbabwe and South Africa, Botswana, and South Africa, as well as Mozambique and South Africa). These changes have been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which decimated tourism and business travel and severely curtailed labour migration and stifled the movement of all stripes, from that of international students to intellectual exchanges in all fields of studies. While the overall picture of human mobility from 2020 to 2021 was dramatically stifled, the experience of this curtailment is different when juxtaposed with other regions. Also, the war between Russia and Ukraine has not been helpful to Africa either. This paper endeavours to probe the aftereffects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ravages of the war between Ukraine and Russia in Africa and illustrates that while Africa is yet to fully recover from the socio-economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, this conflict poses another major threat to the global economy with many African countries being directly affected. The article uses the lens of Pan-Africanism as a theory that very well encapsulates the yearnings and frustrations of Africans who are overwhelmed by the onslaught of globalisation that only looks at development from a skewed western paradigm that is more about enriching the already wealthy countries that thrives by a continuous siphoning of the wealth of the marginalised countries. The article uses an archival method of collecting the data that is documented in books, articles and other sources to seek mitigating factors to the COVID19 Pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The paper recommends a drastic change of leadership in Africa to usher in a new crop of leaders who are more driven by the development of the continent in areas of economics, governance, and self-reliance. © 2022 Ikenga. All right reserved.},
author_keywords={African renaissance;  Conflict;  COVID-19;  Globalization Immigration;  Migration},
references={Abhishek, M., (2020) Africa and COVID-19: Impact, response, and challenges to Recovery, , https://www.orfonline.org, Observer Research Foundation Occasional Paper.(Accessed October,20,2022); Amin, S., (2014) Capitalism in the age of globalization: The management of contemporary society, , New York: Zed Books; Asante, M., (2003) Afrocentricity: The theory of social change, , New York: African American Images; Asante, Molefi K., (2011) As I Run Toward Africa, , Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers; Asante, M. K., (2007) An Afrocentric Manifesto: Toward an African Renaissance, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Creswell, J. W., (2014) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.), , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Pheko, M., (1994) The land is ours: The political legacy of Mangaliso Sobukwe, , Johannesburg: Pheko & Associates; Oloruntoba-Oju, O., Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama (2012) Journal of Pan African Studies, 5 (8), pp. 190-219; Rama, S. R., Lohiya, A., Ahamed, F., Public health responses to COVID-19 in selected countries – Hits and misses (2020) Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9 (11), pp. 5580-5587; (2020) Considerations for Implementing a Risk-Based Approach to International Travel in the Context of COVID-19: Interim Guidance, , https://www.who.int/newsroom/articles, World Health Organization(WHO).. (Accessed Sept13,2022)},
correspondence_address1={Thobejane, T.D.; Faculty of Humanities, South Africa; email: Daniel.thobejane@univen.ac.za},
publisher={University of Nigeria, Institute of African Studies},
issn={20064241},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ikenga},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{KarbassiYazdi2022,
author={Karbassi Yazdi, A. and Tan, Y. and Spulbar, C. and Birau, R. and Alfaro, J.},
title={An Approach for Supply Chain Management Contract Selection in the Oil and Gas Industry: Combination of Uncertainty and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods},
journal={Mathematics},
year={2022},
volume={10},
number={18},
doi={10.3390/math10183230},
art_number={3230},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138602788&doi=10.3390%2fmath10183230&partnerID=40&md5=d03cba34cf50555e687ef6e30102b3c3},
affiliation={School of Engineering, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, 1781421, Chile; School of Management, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Craiova, Craiova, 200585, Romania; Doctoral School of Economic Sciences, University of Craiova, Craiova, 200585, Romania},
abstract={The oil and gas industry plays a significant role in the economies of many countries today. Due to various factors, including oil price fluctuations, wars, sanctions, and many other instances, selling and supplying these products at low prices is necessary. As a result, the global economy may suffer as well. Supply chain management is one way to reduce the prices of these products. This study was conducted to identify supply chain management contracts in the oil and gas industry. The paper presents an application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for coping with uncertainty. We contribute to the literature by proposing a new hybrid MCDM method with gray numbers for ranking supply chain management contracts in the oil and gas industry. The results show that the factors for evaluating supply chain management contracts must be selected, and then according to these factors, the supply chain management contracts must be chosen. As a result, we provide our customers with the best deals and help oil and gas companies minimize their costs. © 2022 by the authors.},
author_keywords={best–worst method (BWM);  contract selection;  gray number;  measurement of choices and their ranking as a compromise solution (MARCOS) method;  supply chain management (SCM)},
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correspondence_address1={Birau, R.; Doctoral School of Economic Sciences, Romania; email: ramona.f.birau@gmail.com},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={22277390},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mathematics},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kagarlitsky2022489,
author={Kagarlitsky, B. and Puder, J. and Schmalz, S.},
title={“The whole world is becoming more like Russia.” A conversation on deglobalization in the wake of the war in Ukraine [« Le monde entier ressemble de plus en plus à la Russie ». Une conversation sur la démondialisation au lendemain de la guerre en Ukraine] [„Die ganze Welt wird Russland ähnlicher.“ Ein Gespräch zur Deglobalisierung in Zeiten des Ukrainekrieges]},
journal={Berliner Journal fur Soziologie},
year={2022},
volume={32},
number={3},
pages={489-502},
doi={10.1007/s11609-022-00482-w},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138225792&doi=10.1007%2fs11609-022-00482-w&partnerID=40&md5=c7807cf4cb546a9d08667f0d83d8096f},
affiliation={Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, Gazetny Pereulok, 3–5, Moscow, 125009, Russian Federation; Institute of Sociology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Carl-Zeiß-Str. 3, Jena, 07743, Germany; Faculty of Economics, Law and Social Sciences, Erfurt University (Campus), Nordhäuser Str. 63, Erfurt, 99089, Germany},
abstract={The Russian invasion of Ukraine is having profound repercussions for the international system and the global economy. In this conversation, Boris Kagarlitsky, professor at the Moscow School for Social and Economic Sciences and long-standing analyst of Russian society, politics, and the global political economy, discusses the implications of the war on the Russian economy, its financial sector, and the Russian elite. Furthermore, Kagarlitsky analyzes the ongoing crisis of globalization, in particular Western sanctions, rising commodity prices, and the current role of China. © 2022, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Capitalism;  China;  Deglobalization;  Gas;  Sanctions;  Socio-ecological transformation},
funding_details={Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, 447723986},
funding_text 1={We are grateful to Karlotta Hein for her support in preparing and editing this conversation. Research was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG, Heisenberg grant “Zigzag Globalization: New Lines of Conflict in the Global Division of Labor”, project number 447723986.},
references={Bello, W.F., (2002) Deglobalization. Ideas for a new world economy, , Zed, London; Bokat-Lindell, S., (2022) Will The Ukraine War Spell The End of Globalization? The New York Times, 20.03.2022, , https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/30/opinion/ukrainne-russia-globalization-end.html, Accessed: Aug. 2022; Christophers, B., (2022) Rentier capitalism. Who owns the economy, and who pays for it?, , Verso, London; Dörre, K., Rosa, H., Becker, K., Bose, S., Seyd, B., (2019) Große Transformation? Zur Zukunft moderner Gesellschaften, , (eds), Springer VS, Wiesbaden: Sonderband des Berliner Journals für Soziologie; Frank, A.G., The development of underdevelopment (1966) Monthly Review, 18 (4), p. 17; Frank, A.G., (1998) ReOrient. Global economy in the Asian age, , University of California Press, Berkeley; Johnson, J., Köstem, S., Frustrated leadership: Russia’s economic alternative to the west (2016) Global Policy, 7 (2), pp. 207-216. , Accessed: Aug. 2022; Kagarlitsky, B., (1993) The disintegration of the monolith, , Verso, London; Kagarlitsky, B., (2008) Empire of the periphery. Russia and the world system, , Pluto Press, London; Kolganov, A., (2018) The road to socialism. The passed and the unpassed. From the october revolution to the dead end of “perestroika, , Lenand, Moscow: Put’k socializmu. Proydennjy i neproydennjy. Ot Oktqbr’skoy revolucii k tupiku perestroyki; Lasch, C., (1996) The revolt of the elites and the betrayal of democracy, , Norton, New York; Lukin, A., (2018) China and Russia. The new rapprochement, , Polity, Cambridge; Maihold, G., (2022) A new geopolitics of supply chains. The rise of friendshoring, 2022/C 45. , SWP Comment, Accessed: Aug. 2022; Marglin, S.A., Schor, J., The golden age of capitalism (1990) Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Pokrovsky, M., (1925) Marxism and the peculiarities of Russia’s historical development. Collection of articles. 1922–1925, , Priboy, Leningrad: Marksizm i osobenti istoricheskogo razvitiq Rossii. Sbornik statey. 1922–1925; Polanyi, K., (2001) The great transformation. The political and economic origins of our time, , Beacon Press, Boston: [1944]; Posen, A., The end of globalization? What Russia’s war in Ukraine means for the world economy (2022) Foreign Affairs, , https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2022-03-17/end-globalization, Accessed: Aug. 2022; Prébisch, R., (1950) The economic development of Latin America and its principal problems, , United Nations Department of Economic Affairs, New York; Rosa, H., Pfadabhängigkeit, Bifurkationspunkte und die Rolle der Soziologie. Ein soziologischer Deutungsversuch der Corona-Krise (2020) Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 30 (2), pp. 191-213; Shubin, A.L., (2009) The great depression and the future of Russia, , Yausa, Мoscow: Velikaq depressiq i buduwee Rossii; Tarrow, S., (1998) Power in movement. Collective action, social movements and politics, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Wallerstein, I., (2004) World-systems analysis. An introduction, , Duke University, Durham; Weber, M., (1981) General economic history, , Transaction, New Brunswick: [1923]},
correspondence_address1={Puder, J.; Institute of Sociology, Carl-Zeiß-Str. 3, Germany; email: janina.puder@uni-jena.de},
publisher={Springer VS},
issn={08631808},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Berl. J. Soziol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zakeri2022,
author={Zakeri, B. and Paulavets, K. and Barreto-Gomez, L. and Echeverri, L.G. and Pachauri, S. and Boza-Kiss, B. and Zimm, C. and Rogelj, J. and Creutzig, F. and Ürge-Vorsatz, D. and Victor, D.G. and Bazilian, M.D. and Fritz, S. and Gielen, D. and McCollum, D.L. and Srivastava, L. and Hunt, J.D. and Pouya, S.},
title={Pandemic, War, and Global Energy Transitions},
journal={Energies},
year={2022},
volume={15},
number={17},
doi={10.3390/en15176114},
art_number={6114},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137817250&doi=10.3390%2fen15176114&partnerID=40&md5=f7530095c73bd28dd7ed03fa010b8d6b},
affiliation={International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, 2361, Austria; International Science Council (ISC), Paris, 75116, France; Austrian Energy Agency (AEA), Vienna, 1150, Austria; Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Sustainability Economics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10829, Germany; Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy, Central European University, Vienna, 1100, Austria; School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA  92093, United States; Payne Institute, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO  80401, United States; IRENA Innovation and Technology Centre, Bonn, 53113, Germany; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN  37830, United States; Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL  36849, United States},
abstract={The COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war on Ukraine have impacted the global economy, including the energy sector. The pandemic caused drastic fluctuations in energy demand, oil price shocks, disruptions in energy supply chains, and hampered energy investments, while the war left the world with energy price hikes and energy security challenges. The long-term impacts of these crises on low-carbon energy transitions and mitigation of climate change are still uncertain but are slowly emerging. This paper analyzes the impacts throughout the energy system, including upstream fuel supply, renewable energy investments, demand for energy services, and implications for energy equity, by reviewing recent studies and consulting experts in the field. We find that both crises initially appeared as opportunities for low-carbon energy transitions: the pandemic by showing the extent of lifestyle and behavioral change in a short period and the role of science-based policy advice, and the war by highlighting the need for greater energy diversification and reliance on local, renewable energy sources. However, the early evidence suggests that policymaking worldwide is focused on short-term, seemingly quicker solutions, such as supporting the incumbent energy industry in the post-pandemic era to save the economy and looking for new fossil fuel supply routes for enhancing energy security following the war. As such, the fossil fuel industry may emerge even stronger after these energy crises creating new lock-ins. This implies that the public sentiment against dependency on fossil fuels may end as a lost opportunity to translate into actions toward climate-friendly energy transitions, without ambitious plans for phasing out such fuels altogether. We propose policy recommendations to overcome these challenges toward achieving resilient and sustainable energy systems, mostly driven by energy services. © 2022 by the authors.},
author_keywords={decentralized energy storage;  energy policy;  energy trade;  global warming;  international energy markets;  renewable energy system models},
keywords={Carbon;  Energy security;  Fossil fuels;  Global warming;  Investments;  Power markets;  Renewable energy resources;  Supply chains, Decentralized energy;  Decentralized energy storage;  Energy;  Energy markets;  Energy trade;  Energy transitions;  Energy-system models;  International energy market;  Renewable energies;  Renewable energy system model, Energy policy},
funding_details={International Science CouncilInternational Science Council, ISC},
funding_details={International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA},
funding_text 1={This research was funded by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and the International Science Council (ISC) through the initiative “Bouncing Forward Sustainably: Pathways to a post-COVID World”.},
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correspondence_address1={Zakeri, B.; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)Austria; email: zakeri@iiasa.ac.at},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={19961073},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Energies},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Markus2022483,
author={Markus, S.},
title={Long-term business implications of Russia’s war in Ukraine},
journal={Asian Business and Management},
year={2022},
volume={21},
number={4},
pages={483-487},
doi={10.1057/s41291-022-00181-7},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130223073&doi=10.1057%2fs41291-022-00181-7&partnerID=40&md5=91261bdd9ce44c5c2e687685641d7061},
affiliation={Department of International Business, Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States; Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany},
abstract={Following its invasion of Ukraine, Russia’s macroeconomic stability will worsen; foreign trade and Russia-bound investment will dry up; and human capital will become scarce. Russia will not fully compensate these losses with increased economic engagement with China, with particular deficiencies likely in high-tech areas for Russia. Import substitution is also unlikely to allow Russia to innovate its way out of economic isolation or escape the resource curse. As Kremlin-connected elites further dominate the impoverished economy, crony state capitalism and kleptocracy will rise. The global repercussions of Russia’s war will include commodity shocks and the attendant supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures. In terms of FDI, the global industries in energy, auto, and consumer goods will be particularly affected. The loss of the Russian market will be less critical to sales revenues. Structurally, Russia’s forced decoupling from the global economy may lead to the fragmentation of global financial infrastructure and the formation of economically contained blocks. © 2022, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Business climate;  De-globalization;  Geopolitics;  Russian war;  Sanctions},
funding_details={Universität KonstanzUniversität Konstanz},
references={(2015) Property, predation, and protection: Piranha capitalism in Russia and Ukraine, , . Cambridge University Press; Markus, S., Oligarchs and corruption in Putin's Russia: Of sand castles and geopolitical volunteering (2017) Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 18, pp. 26-32; Markus, S., Meet Russia’s oligarchs, a group of men who won’t be toppling Putin anytime soon (2022) The Conversation, , https://theconversation.com/meet-russias-oligarchs-a-group-of-men-who-wont-be-toppling-putin-anytime-soon-178474, Retrieved from},
correspondence_address1={Markus, S.; Department of International Business, United States; email: stan.markus@moore.sc.edu},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={14724782},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Bus. Manage.},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Park2022393,
author={Park, H.M. and Patel, P. and Varma, A. and Jaiswal, A.},
title={The challenges for macro talent management in the mature emerging market of South Korea: A review and research agenda},
journal={Thunderbird International Business Review},
year={2022},
volume={64},
number={5},
pages={393-404},
doi={10.1002/tie.22260},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126264821&doi=10.1002%2ftie.22260&partnerID=40&md5=1b41c6feb9ca0fff0f84a4c538e6ed8f},
affiliation={Coventry Business School, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom; Discipline of Management & Human Resources, Australian Institute of Business, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Quinlan School of Business, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Loyola Institute of Business Administration, Loyola College Campus, Chennai, India},
abstract={As the global economy continues to fight the war for talent, talent management has increasingly become a critical function that must be addressed if corporations are to survive and thrive. In this connection, South Korea's (henceforth, Korea)'s transformation from a third-world and under-developed economy to a global powerhouse and an important mature emerging market has caught the attention of scholars in numerous fields. In this comprehensive review of talent management in Korea, we trace its evolution and address the following questions: what challenges does Korea face in attracting global talent? What are the main impacts of Korea's government policies and interventions in its macro talent management system? We develop a revised macro talent management framework and offer propositions. We conclude by offering specific suggestions for the state and policymakers toward attracting and retaining talent. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.},
author_keywords={emerging market;  global talent;  macro-environment;  South Korea;  talent management},
funding_details={Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, MOE, AKS‐2018‐INC‐2230002},
funding_text 1={(1) In Korean: “이논문 (또는저서)은 2018년도 대한민국교육부와 한국한중앙연구원(한국학진흥사업단)을통해 해외한국한 씨앗형사업의 지원을받아 수행된연구임 (AKS-2018-INC-2230002).” (2) In English: “This work was supported by the Seed Program for Korean Studies through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the Korean Studies Promotion Service of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS-2018-INC-2230002).”},
funding_text 2={(1) In Korean: “이논문 (또는저서)은 2018년도 대한민국교육부와 한국한중앙연구원(한국학진흥사업단)을통해 해외한국한 씨앗형사업의 지원을받아 수행된연구임 (AKS‐2018‐INC‐2230002).” (2) In English: “This work was supported by the Seed Program for Korean Studies through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the Korean Studies Promotion Service of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS‐2018‐INC‐2230002).” 1},
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(2008) Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 19 (1), pp. 52-72},
correspondence_address1={Varma, A.; Quinlan School of Business, United States; email: avarma@luc.edu},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={10964762},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Thunderbird Int. Bus. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Teece2022488,
author={Teece, D.J.},
title={A wider-aperture lens for global strategic management: The multinational enterprise in a bifurcated global economy},
journal={Global Strategy Journal},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={3},
pages={488-519},
doi={10.1002/gsj.1462},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136470923&doi=10.1002%2fgsj.1462&partnerID=40&md5=81249bc68675e555ef266d3747040190},
affiliation={Institute for Business Innovation, F402 Haas School of Business, #1930, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States},
abstract={Research Summary: The growth of China and President Xi's policies have transformed the global economy in ways that global strategy and international business (IB) scholars have yet to reflect fully in their research. The global economy is increasingly bifurcated between a China-centered authoritarian system and a market-oriented democratic system, generating complications and perils largely unknown since the end of the Cold War. The global business environment now bears faint resemblance to existing models in IB. To properly analyze the new reality, global strategy and IB scholars need to adopt a wider-aperture, systems-theoretic view that will require the cross-fertilization of ideas and collaboration with other disciplines such as international political economy. This engagement will allow the development of more broadly based frameworks, theories, and models that can assist decision makers in the private and public sectors. Managerial Summary: Strategic rivalry between China and the West requires managers to face a new reckoning. China remains the world's factory, but it has a tenuous relationship to even-handed rules of law, both domestically and internationally. China leverages access to its market and has aligned with other autocratic countries to reshape the world order. Many firms have straddled the divide and tried to play by two sets of rules. This is not viable longer term. The strategic decisions of Western firms, particularly those involved with advanced and, especially, dual-use technologies, are consequential to the future of democracy. A systemic view of the long-term health of the enterprise may reveal the need to choose. Choosing democracy means, at minimum, guarding intellectual property, enhancing organizational capabilities, coordinating with peers, and protecting national security. © 2022 The Author. Global Strategy Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Strategic Management Society.},
author_keywords={autocracy;  China;  dual foundations;  nonmarket strategy;  systemic competition},
funding_text 1={The author is grateful to Greg Linden, Matthew Caselli, and three anonymous reviewers for comments and other assistance.},
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correspondence_address1={Teece, D.J.; Institute for Business Innovation, United States; email: teece@haas.berkeley.edu},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={20425805},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Glob. Strategy J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Iqbal2022,
author={Iqbal, M. and Elianda, Y. and Akbar, A. and Nurhadiyanti},
title={USA–China trade war: Economic impact on Indonesia},
journal={Journal of Public Affairs},
year={2022},
volume={22},
number={3},
doi={10.1002/pa.2543},
art_number={e2543},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097206312&doi=10.1002%2fpa.2543&partnerID=40&md5=9862f3098d6215c69eeda0bbf7f5e169},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, National Cheng Kung University of Taiwan, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Government Studies, Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia; Master of Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Government Studies, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Raja Haji, Tanjung Pinang, Indonesia},
abstract={The trade war between the US and China is one of the big problems that have a propagating effect on other countries. Even though the tension is currently on the decline, the impact on the slowdown in the global economy is expected to continue until 2020. The effect of falling commodity prices that underpin Indonesia's economy is that the Indonesian economy only grows at around 5%. The World Bank estimates that the global slowdown will suppress Indonesia's economic growth next year until 2020. Pressures on the stability of the Rupiah exchange rate continued to occur, especially at the beginning of 2019 and the end of the first semester of 2019. In the second quarter of 2019, fluctuations and depreciation pressures on the Rupiah were recorded quite high. During 2019 Indonesia's trade performance slowed compared to the previous year. Contractions occur in both oil and gas and non-oil and gas commodities. The weak performance of Indonesia's trade balance is influenced by several factors, including falling demand from Indonesia's central export trading partner countries and also contracting commodity prices on global markets. Another impact of the US–China trade war is the pressure of the Indonesian economy and the decline in primary commodity prices affect investment and import performance. This growth is still relatively good, although slowing compared to the previous quarter. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
funding_text 1={The author would like to thank the National Cheng Kung University of Taiwan, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Raja Haji and Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta for facilitating the author. We also thank all resource persons and respondents who took the time to complete the questionnaire and provide very useful information.},
references={Anggraeni, N., Perang Dagang Dalam Hukum Perdagangan Internasional (2019) Al-Ahkam, 15 (1), p. 1. , https://doi.org/10.37035/ajh.v15i1.1967; Aslam, M., US-China trade disputes and its impact on ASEAN (2019) Transnational Corporations Review, 11 (4), pp. 332-345. , https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2019.1691410; Dewi, C., China's role in international trade amid during in trading attacks with the United States (2019) PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (3), pp. 12-27. , https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.53.1227; Gunawan, D., Arfah, Y., Dampak Perang Dagang Amerika-Tiongkok Terhadap Integrasi Pasar Modal Global (2019) Proseding Seminar Nasional Kewirausahaan, 1 (1), pp. 76-85; Herdiana, H., Masalah dan strategi mengatasi defisit neraca perdagangan Indonesia (2013) Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53 (9), pp. 1689-1699. , https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004; Ilhamsyah, A., Analisis Perang Dagang amerika serikat dengan China terhadap pertumbuhan nilai tukar rupiah (2019) REVITALISASI: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8 (2), pp. 209-213. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.I26.1.78; Ke, H., ASEAN in the middle of US and Chinese rivalry: ASEAN cooperation with RCEP in reducing the impact of the trade war (2019) International Journal of Science in Society, 1 (1), pp. 1-12; Khusniyah, N.H., Nuraeni, E., (2019) Prosiding Senas POLHI ke-2 Tahun 2019 Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang 281. Prosiding Senas POLHI Ke-2 Tahun 2019, 281–294. Semarang: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang 339; Kone, S., USA–China trade war in light of the limits of the comparative advantage principle (2019) Management and Economics Research Journal, 5 (2019); Lestari, N.P., (2018) 2159–5583-1-PB.pdf. Malang Post, p. 14. , p; Li, C., He, C., Lin, C., Economic impacts of the possible China–US trade war (2018) Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54 (7), pp. 1557-1577. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1446131; Moleong, L.J., (1994) Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, pp. 37-40. , Bandung, Remaja Rosdakarya; Pangestu, M., China–US trade war: An Indonesian perspective (2019) China Economic Journal, 12 (2), pp. 208-230. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2019.1611084; Purwohandoko, M.M., Akbar, R.F., A neural network analisys: Financial distress prediction during US-China trade war (2018) Journal of Research and Opinion, 5 (11), pp. 2288-2296; Putri, A.B., Suhadak, S., Uji Beda Ekspor Dan Impor Indonesia Sebelum Dan Sesudah Terjadi Perang Dagang Amerika Serikat Dan China (Studi pada Badan Pusat Statistik Periode September 2017–September 2018) (2019) Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), 71 (1), pp. 81-90. , http://administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/view/2831, Retrieved from; Satryo, A.A., Wijayanto, A., Capital market reaction of trade wars (event study on the south Korean and Indonesia stock exchanges) (2019) Management Analysis Journal, 8 (2), pp. 253-264. , https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/maj/article/view/33476; Shanlin, W., Mercantilist origin of United States' trade protectionism (2019) China The Economist, 14 (5), pp. 31-40; Weingast, B.R., (2018) War, Trade, and Mercantilism: Reconciling Adam Smith's Three Theories of the British Empire. Available at SSRN 2915959; Yusfiarto, R., Pambekti, T., Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Terhadap Return Indeks Saham Syariah Di Indonesia: Studi Pada Fenomena Perang Dagang Global Lecturer U (2020) Al-mal: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 1 (1), pp. 71-85},
correspondence_address1={Iqbal, M.; Department of Political Science, Taiwan; email: u18097019@ncku.edu.tw},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
issn={14723891},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Public Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gong2022279,
author={Gong, H. and Hassink, R. and Wang, C.C.},
title={Strategic coupling and institutional innovation in times of upheavals: the industrial chain chief model in Zhejiang, China},
journal={Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society},
year={2022},
volume={15},
number={2},
pages={279-303},
doi={10.1093/cjres/rsac011},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133653266&doi=10.1093%2fcjres%2frsac011&partnerID=40&md5=0031423ac30be93e33089cf505211821},
affiliation={Environmental Social Science Department, Eawag, Duebendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Institute of Geography & CRED, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland; CIRCLE, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden; Department of Geography, Kiel University, Kiel, 24098, Germany; School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China},
abstract={For regions that are deeply integrated into the global economy, the question of how to remain competitive and resilient in times of uncertainty is a key concern. While strategic coupling is a useful concept for understanding local-global economic dynamics, the idea that a region can simultaneously couple into multiple production networks organised at different spatial scales and that regional actors can increase their autonomy by creatively combining different coupling scenarios has been little explored. This paper explores how regional institutional innovations can facilitate such multiple couplings. We focus on the industrial chain chief model in China's Zhejiang province, which emerged against the backdrop of the U.S.-China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that this institutional innovation offers a different way of thinking for regions that have long been exposed to the influence of globalisation, and that it increases the agency of local actors in global production networks. © 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society.},
author_keywords={China;  globalisation;  industrial chain;  institutional innovation;  strategic coupling},
keywords={competitiveness;  COVID-19;  globalization;  industrial development;  innovation;  institutional framework;  international trade;  strategic approach, China;  Zhejiang},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 41871106},
funding_text 1={The work described in this paper was sponsored by grants obtained from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41871106).},
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D., Ye, X., Regional inequality in China: a case study of Zhejiang province (2004) Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 95, pp. 44-60; Wu, A., Wang, C. C., Li, S., Geographical knowledge search, internal R & D intensity and product innovation of clustering firms in Zhejiang, China (2015) Papers in Regional Science, 94, pp. 553-572; Wu, J., Wei, Y. D., Li, Q., Yuan, F., Economic transition and changing location of manufacturing industry in China: a study of the Yangtze River Delta (2018) Sustainability, 10, p. 2624; Yang, C., Strategic coupling of regional development in global production networks: redistribution of Taiwanese personal computer investment from the Pearl River Delta to the Yangtze River Delta, China (2009) Regional Studies, 43, pp. 385-407; Yang, C., From strategic coupling to recoupling and decoupling: restructuring global production networks and regional evolution in China (2013) European Planning Studies, 21, pp. 1046-1063; Yeung, H. W. 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publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={17521378},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bos202251,
author={Bos, J.E. and Metallo, P.},
title={Digging deeper in human history: The role of mining natural resources in Big History},
journal={Special Paper of the Geological Society of America},
year={2022},
volume={557},
pages={51-70},
doi={10.1130/2022.2557(04)},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143863012&doi=10.1130%2f2022.2557%2804%29&partnerID=40&md5=8d23e17e05e5b847b7ab8de7a1355359},
affiliation={European Big History Network, Buiksloterdijk 176, Amsterdam, 1025WC, Netherlands; Associazione “Le Montagne di San Francesco”, Cda. Coldigioco, 13, Apiro, 62021, Italy},
abstract={This paper is focused on the “paths of human history” in relation to the geological occurrence patterns of the following natural resources: stone, copper, tin, iron, gold, and coal. The abundant occurrence of flint in the Near East has influenced toolmaking and maybe the moment when early men discovered how to control fire. The scarcity of tin stimulated an early long distance trade during the Bronze Age. The abundant occurrence of iron, on the other hand, offered tools for everyday agriculture and “democratized” weaponry. The scarcity of gold, plus its durability, made it perfect for money, and therefore mining of gold strongly influenced economic history. The use of coal revolutionized the use of energy and industrialization. From making knives to controlling fire, from developing world trade to stimulating agriculture and war, from creating a global economy to increasing, as well as highlighting, the great differences between haves and have nots, from forming societies to destroying environments, the role of ores and their occurrences were essential. © 2022 The Geological Society of America.},
keywords={Agriculture;  Coal;  Coal deposits;  Developing countries;  Iron;  Mining;  Tin, Developing world;  Energy;  Global economies;  Industrialisation;  Occurrence pattern;  World trade, International trade},
funding_text 1={We would like to thank the Association “Le Montagne di San Francesco” for supporting the publication costs of this paper, and the European Big History Network group for stimulating discussions about the various interconnected issues treated in this paper. We thank Jan Smit and Alessandro Montanari for sharing with us their knowledge on geology and Stone Age geoarcheology.},
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correspondence_address1={Bos, J.E.; European Big History Network, Buiksloterdijk 176, Netherlands; email: jesse.e.bos@ziggo.nl; Metallo, P.; Associazione “Le Montagne di San Francesco”, Cda. Coldigioco, 13, Italy; email: paula.coldigioco@gmail.com},
editor={Koeberl C., Claeys P., Montanari A.},
publisher={Geological Society of America},
issn={00721077},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koram2022294,
author={Koram, K.},
title={The Legalization of Cannabis and the Question of Reparations},
journal={Journal of International Economic Law},
year={2022},
volume={25},
number={2},
pages={294-311},
doi={10.1093/jiel/jgac026},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136458211&doi=10.1093%2fjiel%2fjgac026&partnerID=40&md5=70b0899d1bedc721c3cbe67e28a90178},
affiliation={Law, Birkbeck School of Law, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article surveys the dramatic sea change in the legal status of both the domestic and international cannabis trade over the past decade and asks whether legalization challenges or complements racial capitalism. As the changing status of prohibited drugs not only seeks to correct a historical wrong but also gives rise to a new, highly profitable cross-border commodities market, I analyse whether the variety of policies that are currently being implemented alongside cannabis legalization—from import restrictions to social equity licences—is sufficient to appease the demand for reparations by the communities who suffered the most through the past century of the ‘War on Drugs’. This ‘War on Drugs’ was both historically and structurally weighted towards the reinforcement of racial hierarchies. As it enters into its twilight, I find that an overview of both the international and domestic laws that are being passed in order to introduce a new age of legal, commercial cannabis threatens to lock in the racial inequalities of our global economy, rather than serve as a tool for the advancement of reparative racial justice. © 2022 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.},
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DeMeritt, Mauricio Uribe-Lopez (eds), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Loury, Glenn C., It’s Futile to Put a Price on Slavery (2000) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/29/opinion/it-s-futile-to-put-a-price-on-slavery.html, 29 May (visited 3 April 2022); Mize, Jasmin, Reefer Reparations (2020) Social Justice and Equity Law Journal, 3 (2), pp. 1-35. , at 4–5; Lydersen, Kari, For many, even “automatic” clearing of marijuana records could be complicated (2019) Chicago Business, , https://www.chicagobusiness.com/crains-forum-cannabis/many-even-automatic-clearing-marijuanarecords-could-be-complicated, 25 November (visited 21 January 2022); Assembly Bill No. 1076-Chapter 578, , https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1076, (visited 22 January 2022); (2017) Bullies In Blue: The Origins And Consequences Of School Policing, , American Civil Liberties Union, (New York: ACLU Foundation); The Marihuana Regulation & Taxation Act, , https://cannabis.ny.gov/marihuana-regulation-and-taxation-act-mrta, (visited 25 January 2022); Logue, Kyle, Reparations as Redistribution, , https://ssrn.com/abstract=586987, SSRN: (visited 22 December 2021); Cannabis Opportunity Reinvestment and Equity (CORE) Program, , https://www.cityofsacramento.org/Finance/Revenue/Sacramento-Marijuana-Information/Core-Program, City of Sacramento, (visited 20 January 2022); Brophy, Alfred L., What Should Inheritance Law Be? Reparations and Intergenerational Wealth (2008) Transfers, Law & Literature, 20 (2), pp. 197-211. , For more on reparations and intergenerational trauma see; Kary, Tiffany, All Eyes on New York as Legalization Looms: Cannabis Weekly (2021), https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-04/all-eyes-on-new-york-as-legalization-looms-cannabis-weekly, Bloomberg 4 October (visited 25 January 2022); Marijuana Regulation & Taxation Act, Office of Cannabis Management, , https://cannabis.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2021/09/cannabis-management-fact-sheet-9-21-social-equity-04_0.pdf, (visited 28 January 2022); Howell, Allie, Criminal Convictions Restrictions in Marijuana Licensing (2018) Reason Foundation, , https://reason.org/wp-content/uploads/criminal-conviction-restrictions-for-marijuana-licensing.pdf, September (visited 23 December 2021) 8; , p. 10. , Ibid; Mize, Jasmin, Reefer Reparations (2020) Social Justice and Equity Law Journal, 3 (2), pp. 1-35. , at 34; McAllister, William, (2000) Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century, p. 133. , (London: Routledge); Lenzerini, Federico, (2008) Reparations for Indigenous Peoples: International and Comparative Perspectives, pp. 12-65. , (Oxford: Oxford University Press); (1997) Delgamuukw v. British Columbia, , https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/1569/index.do, 3 S.C.R. 1010, (visited 12 January 2022); (2018) The Cannabis Act, , https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-24.5/page-5.html#h-77411, (visited 18 January 2022); Valleriani, Jenna, Lavalley, Jennifer, McNeil, Ryan, A missed opportunity? Cannabis legalization and reparations in Canada Canadian Journal of Public Health, 109 (5–6), pp. 745-747. , at 746; (2018) The Cannabis Act, 151. , https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-24.5/page-11.html#docCont, 1 (1), (visited 18 January 2022); Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi, Where Is the Fairness in Canadian Cannabis Legalization? Lessons to be Learned from the American Experience (2021) Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’etudes ́ canadiennes, 55 (2), pp. 395-418. , at 396, 408; Valleriani, Lavalley, and McNeil, (68), p. 746. , above n; Appel, Hannah, The Licit Life of Capitalism: US Oil in Equatorial Guinea (Durham: Duke University Press, 2019) or Laura Pulido, ‘Flint, Environmental Racism, and Racial Capitalism Capitalism Nature Socialism, 27 (3), pp. 1-16; Avins, Jenni, In the age of luxury cannabis, it’s time to talk about Drug War reparations (2019) Los Angeles: Quartz, , https://qz.com/1482349/weed-and-reparations/, 25 January (visited 15 January 2021); Lu, Catherine, Colonialism as Structural Injustice: Historical Responsibility and Contemporary Redress (2011) The Journal of Political Philosophy, 19 (3), pp. 261-281. , at 269; Bhatia, Amar, Statehood, Canadian sovereignty, and the attempted domestication of Indigenous legal relations (2021) Decolonising Law: Indigenous, Third World and Settler Perspectives, pp. 99-125. , Sujith Xavier, Beverley Jacobs, Valarie Waboose, Jeffery G. Hewitt, Amar Bhatia (eds). (London: Routledge); Coulthard, Glen Sean, Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition, , (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press); Sheikh, Shela, Translating Geontologies (2017) The Avery Review, 21, pp. 165-184},
correspondence_address1={Koram, K.; Law, United Kingdom; email: k.koram@bbk.ac.uk},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={13693034},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Econ. Law.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kashyap202210780,
author={Kashyap, J. and Datta, D.},
title={Drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2: a high-throughput molecular docking, molecular dynamics, machine learning, and DFT study},
journal={Journal of Materials Science},
year={2022},
volume={57},
number={23},
pages={10780-10802},
doi={10.1007/s10853-022-07195-8},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128836241&doi=10.1007%2fs10853-022-07195-8&partnerID=40&md5=d3d9680b6d3619820e5acab757984fba},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ  07103, United States},
abstract={A micro-molecule of dimension 125 nm has caused around 479 million human infections (80 M for the USA) and 6.1 million human deaths (977,000 for the USA) worldwide and slashed the global economy by US$ 8.5 Trillion over two years period. The only other events in recent history that caused comparative human life loss through direct usage (either by human or nature, respectively) of structure-property relations of 'nano-structures' (either human-made or nature, respectively) were nuclear bomb attacks during World War II and 1918 Flu Pandemic. This molecule is called SARS-CoV-2, which causes a disease known as COVID-19. The high liability cost of the pandemic had incentivized various private, government, and academic entities to work towards finding a cure for this and emerging diseases. As an outcome, multiple vaccine candidates are discovered to avoid the infection in the first place. But so far, there has been no success in finding fully effective therapeutic candidates. In this paper, we attempted to provide multiple therapy candidates based upon a sophisticated multi-scale in-silico framework, which increases the probability of the candidates surviving an in-vivo trial. We have selected a group of ligands from the ZINC database based upon previously partially successful candidates, i.e., Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Remdesivir, Ritonavir. We have used the following robust framework to screen the ligands; Step-I: high throughput molecular docking, Step-II: molecular dynamics analysis, Step-III: density functional theory analysis. In total, we have analyzed 242,000(ligands)*9(proteins) = 2.178 million unique protein binding site/ligand combinations. The proteins were selected based on recent experimental studies evaluating potential inhibitor binding sites. Step-I had filtered that number down to 10 ligands/protein based on molecular docking binding energy, further screening down to 2 ligands/protein based on drug-likeness analysis. Additionally, these two ligands per protein were analyzed in Step-II with a molecular dynamic modeling-based RMSD filter of less than 1Å. It finally suggested three ligands (ZINC001176619532, ZINC000517580540, ZINC000952855827) attacking different binding sites of the same protein(7BV2), which were further analyzed in Step-III to find the rationale behind comparatively higher ligand efficacy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords={Binding energy;  Binding sites;  Density functional theory;  Diagnosis;  Diseases;  Machine learning;  Molecular dynamics;  Molecular modeling;  Molecules;  Proteins;  SARS, Binding-sites;  DFT study;  Global economies;  High-throughput;  Human infection;  Human lives;  Molecular docking;  Nano-structures;  Repurposing;  Structure property relation, Ligands},
funding_details={Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing Institute of Technology, NJIT, DMR180013},
funding_text 1={The authors acknowledge the NJIT faculty start-up grant and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) for the computational facilities (Award Number – DMR180013).},
references={Lai, C.-C., Shih, T.-P., Ko, W.-C., Tang, H.-J., Hsueh, P.-R., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (3). , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjs1Ogtr8%3D; WHO Chief Media Conference for Pandemic Declaration; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z.-L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat Rev Microbiol, 17 (3), pp. 181-192. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXisVyhtbnL; Rabi, F.A., Al Zoubi, M.S., Kasasbeh, G.A., Salameh, D.M., Al-Nasser, A.D., SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease what we know so far (2019) Pathogens, 9 (3), p. 2020; Paules, C.I., Marston, H.D., Fauci, A.S., coronavirus infections: more than just the common cold (2020) JAMA, 323 (8), pp. 707-708. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpvFOjtLk%3D; Astuti, I., Ysrafil, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of viral structure and host response (2020) Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev, 14 (4), pp. 407-412; Yang, J., Molecular interaction and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 binding to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nat Commun, 11 (1), p. 4541. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVCqsLzL; Kashyap, J., Nagesh, S., Narayan, K., Pattnaik, P.K., Design and simulation of a novel 3D MEMS fabrication/micro cutting facility by thermally actuated MEMS device (2016) IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/Tencon, p. 2016; Siemieniuk, R.A.C., Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis (2020) BMJ, 370; Maciorowski, D., A review of the preclinical and clinical efficacy of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir-ritonavir treatments against COVID-19 (2020) SLAS Discov Adv Sci Drug Discov, 25 (10), pp. 1108-1122. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVGltLjJ; Terstappen, G.C., Reggiani, A., In silico research in drug discovery (2001) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 22 (1), pp. 23-26. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpslyntA%3D%3D; Ton, A.T., Gentile, F., Hsing, M., Ban, F., Cherkasov, A., Rapid identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by deep docking of 1.3 billion compounds (2020) Mol Inform, 39 (8), p. 2000028. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXltlOmu7w%3D; Irwin, J.J., Sterling, T., Mysinger, M.M., Bolstad, E.S., Coleman, R.G., ZINC: a free tool to discover chemistry for biology (2012) J Chem Inf Model, 52 (7), pp. 1757-1768. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvFGnsrg%3D; Krieger, E., Vriend, G., New ways to boost molecular dynamics simulations (2015) J Comput Chem, 36 (13), pp. 996-1007. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXlsVOgsbo%3D; Krieger, E., Koraimann, G., Vriend, G., Increasing the precision of comparative models with YASARA NOVA: a self-parameterizing force field (2002) Proteins Struct Funct Bioinforma, 47 (3), pp. 393-402. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjsFantbg%3D; Krieger, E., Vriend, G., YASARA view: molecular graphics for all devices—from smartphones to workstations (2014) Bioinformatics, 30 (20), pp. 2981-2982. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xht1Gjs77O; Trott, O., Olson, A.J., AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading (2010) J Comput Chem, 31 (2), pp. 455-461. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFGnur3O; Case, D.A., The Amber biomolecular simulation programs (2005) J Comput Chem, 26 (16), pp. 1668-1688. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1SlsbbM; Roe, D.R., Cheatham, T.E., PTRAJ and CPPTRAJ: software for processing and analysis of molecular dynamics trajectory data (2013) J Chem Theory Comput, 9 (7), pp. 3084-3095. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXptFehtr8%3D; Hafner, J., Ab-initio simulations of materials using VASP: density-functional theory and beyond (2008) J Comput Chem, 29 (13), pp. 2044-2078. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVegsr%2FP; Henkelman, G., Jónsson, H., A dimer method for finding saddle points on high dimensional potential surfaces using only first derivatives (1999) J Chem Phys, 111 (15), pp. 7010-7022. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmt1Ojurc%3D; Rose, P.W., The RCSB protein data bank: integrative view of protein, gene and 3D structural information (2017) Nucleic Acids Res, 45 (D1), pp. D271-D281. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsVKrtL4%3D; Pettersen, E.F., UCSF Chimera: a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis (2004) J Comput Chem, 25 (13), pp. 1605-1612. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvVOhsbs%3D; Towns, J., XSEDE: accelerating scientific discovery (2014) Comput Sci Eng, 16 (5), pp. 62-74; Tang, W., Sanville, E., Henkelman, G., A grid-based Bader analysis algorithm without lattice bias (2009) J Phys Condens Matter, 21 (8), p. 84204. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MjjvFWgtw%3D%3D; Daina, A., Michielin, O., Zoete, V., SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules (2017) Sci Rep, 7 (1), p. 42717; Battaglia, P.W., (2018) Relational Inductive Biases, Deep Learning, and Graph Networks; White, A., Deep Learning for Molecules and Material; Liang, J., Xu, Y., Liu, R., Zhu, X., QM-sym, a symmetrized quantum chemistry database of 135 kilo molecules (2019) Sci Data, 6 (1), p. 213. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvF2gtb3N; Kashyap, J., Yang, E.-H., Datta, D., Computational study of the water-driven graphene wrinkle life-cycle towards applications in flexible electronics (2020) Sci Rep, 10 (1), p. 1648; Solanky, P., Sharma, V., Ghatak, K., Kashyap, J., Datta, D., The inherent behavior of graphene flakes in water: a molecular dynamics study (2019) Comput Mater Sci, 162, pp. 140-147. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXksVKjurs%3D; Ghatak, K., Datta, D., Kashyap, J., Team, K.G., Growth Physics of MoS2 Layer on the MoS2 surface: a monte carlo approach (2019) APS March Meeting Abstracts, F13, p. 009; Kashyap, J., Ghatak, K., Datta, D., Characterizing the morphology of the different grown homo/hetero tmd structures by controlling parameters – a multiscale computational approach (2019) ECS Meet Abstr, 1000 (12), p. 806; Jumper, J., Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold (2021) Nature, 596 (7873), pp. 583-589. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvVaktrrL},
correspondence_address1={Kashyap, J.; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, United States; email: jk435@njit.edu; Datta, D.; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, United States; email: ddlab@njit.edu},
publisher={Springer},
issn={00222461},
coden={JMTSA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Mater Sci},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tomeczek2022,
author={Tomeczek, A.F.},
title={The evolution of Japanese keiretsu networks: A review and text network analysis of their perceptions in economics},
journal={Japan and the World Economy},
year={2022},
volume={62},
doi={10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101132},
art_number={101132},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126619567&doi=10.1016%2fj.japwor.2022.101132&partnerID=40&md5=b6dfabeeee2edbdaeb2709f8666f8df0},
affiliation={SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, World Economy Research Institute, Global Economic Interdependence Department, Poland},
abstract={The article aims to show how keiretsu networks have functioned, evolved, and influenced the economy of Japan over the decades. The main research method used is an in-depth literature review, while a bibliometric analysis and the path-dependence framework support it in the selection of relevant material. The keiretsu predecessors were the zaibatsu – large family-controlled conglomerates that came into prominence during the Meiji Period. The two traditional types of keiretsu are horizontal (financial) networks and vertical (industrial) networks. The key elements of the keiretsu system are the main banks, sōgō shōsha, shachō-kai (for horizontal keiretsu), and kyōryoku-kai (for vertical keiretsu). Text network analysis reveals four main themes in the literature: “Japan and the global economy,” “financial institutions of Japan,” “the theory of the keiretsu,” and “the characteristics of the Japanese firms.” The keiretsu had a positive influence on the Japanese economy during the post-war period of high economic growth. As the economy of Japan slowed down in the 1990 s, the gains from keiretsu membership became less unequivocal – which prompted a wave of mergers and modernization. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Business groups;  Business networks;  Governance;  Keiretsu;  Main bank;  Text network;  Zaibatsu},
references={Ahmadjian, C.L., Robbins, G.E., A clash of capitalisms: foreign shareholders and corporate restructuring in 1990s Japan (2005) Am. Sociol. Rev., 70, pp. 451-471; Akamatsu, K., A historical pattern of economic growth in developing countries (1962) Dev. Econ., 1, pp. 3-25; Aoki, K., Lennerfors, T.T., Whither Japanese keiretsu? The transformation of vertical keiretsu in Toyota, Nissan and Honda 1991–2011 (2013) Asia Pac. Bus. Rev., 19, pp. 70-84; Aoki, M., Monitoring characteristics of the main bank system: an analytical and developmental view (1994) The Japanese Main Bank System: Its Relevance for Developing and Transforming Economies, pp. 109-141. , M. Aoki H. Patrick Oxford University Press; Aoki, M., Toward an economic model of the Japanese firm (1990) J. Econ. 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publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={09221425},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. World Econ.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
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@ARTICLE{Lim2022,
author={Lim, S.S. and Nguyen, H.N. and Lin, C.-L.},
title={Exploring the Development Strategies of Science Parks Using the Hybrid MCDM Approach},
journal={Sustainability (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={14},
number={7},
doi={10.3390/su14074351},
art_number={4351},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128526370&doi=10.3390%2fsu14074351&partnerID=40&md5=2ec49eb8bc25e119f20826fba35b16e2},
affiliation={Institute of Management of Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Adult Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 80201, Taiwan},
abstract={Science parks contribute to a country’s economic growth, promote industrial transformation, and meet the development needs of high-tech industries. They also play an essential role in enhancing technological development and competitiveness. Due to the impact of the fierce U.S.-China trade war on the global economy, many Taiwanese companies are considering moving their high-end product production lines back to their home country. This trend may promote the growth of the population in the surrounding areas of science parks and affect the limited infra-structure at the same time. This study explores how science parks could achieve sustainable development goals by formulating their development strategy. We summarized four evaluation aspects for constructing the driving factors for developing the science park through literature review and interviews with experts. Combined with the hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, we analyzed stakeholders’ satisfaction among the four aspects of the driving factors for the development of the science parks and put forward appropriate strategy recommendations. We found that the improvement of public infrastructure (PI) can improve not only the environmental quality (EQ) but also promote the business environment (BE) and the working environment (WE). This improvement could attract domestic and foreign manufacturers, create employment opportunities, expand the park's scale, and eventually promote industrial development. This research improves the method of collecting empirical data to establish the driving forces for developing science parks through suitable development strategies. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={DEMATEL;  Hybrid MCDM;  science park;  Taiwan;  VIKOR},
keywords={development strategy;  environmental quality;  exploration;  sustainable development;  Sustainable Development Goal;  technological development, China;  United States},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and Technology, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST, MOST 110-2410-H-A49 -053 -},
funding_text 1={Funding: This research was funded by the Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology, grant number: MOST 110-2410-H-A49 -053 -.},
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Comput, 177, pp. 251-259; Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G.H., Multicriteria planning of post-earthquake sustainable reconstruction (2002) Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng, 17, pp. 211-220; Tzeng, G.-H., Teng, M.-H., Chen, J.-J., Opricovic, S., Multicriteria selection for a restaurant location in Taipei (2002) Int. J. Hosp. Manag, 21, pp. 171-187; Tzeng, G.-H., Tsaur, S.-H., Laiw, Y.-D., Opricovic, S., Multicriteria analysis of environmental quality in Taipei: Public preferences and improvement strategies (2002) J. Environ. Manag, 65, pp. 109-120; Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G.-H., Defuzzification within a multicriteria decision model (2003) Int. J. Uncertain. Fuzziness Knowl. Based Syst, 11, pp. 635-652; Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G.-H., Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS (2004) Eur. J. Oper. Res, 156, pp. 445-455; Tzeng, G.-H., Lin, C.-W., Opricovic, S., Multi-criteria analysis of alternative-fuel buses for public transportation (2005) Energy Policy, 33, pp. 1373-1383; Opricovic, S., Tzeng, G.-H., Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods (2007) Eur. J. Oper. Res, 178, pp. 514-529; Sun, R., Li, F., Chen, L., A demand index for recreational ecosystem services associated with urban parks in Beijing, China (2019) J. Environ. Manag, 251, p. 109612},
correspondence_address1={Nguyen, H.N.; Institute of Management of Technology, Taiwan; email: ruby85219@gmail.com},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20711050},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sustainability},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mentis2022,
author={Mentis, A.-F.A. and Paltoglou, G. and Demakakos, P. and Ahmed, F. and Chrousos, G.P.},
title={Could COVID-19’s Aftermath on Children’s Health Be Felt into the 22nd Century?},
journal={Children},
year={2022},
volume={9},
number={4},
doi={10.3390/children9040482},
art_number={482},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128253163&doi=10.3390%2fchildren9040482&partnerID=40&md5=4ae103b4ec8961fc461c3c09d07b6382},
affiliation={University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece; Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; NHS England, London, SE1 6LH, United Kingdom; Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, New York, NY  10027, United States},
abstract={The COVID-19 pandemic has massively affected people’s health, societies, and the global economy. Our lives are no longer as they were before COVID-19, and, most likely, will never be the same again. We hypothesize that the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health and the economy will last for a very long time and will still be felt in the 22nd century. Our hypothesis is based on evidence from the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic, the Dutch famine during the Second World War, and the 2007–2008 economic crisis, as well as from the rationally predicted impact of COVID-19 on human development. We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic, including the mitigation measures taken against it, will affect children’s development in multiple ways, including obesity, both while in utero and during critical and sensitive windows of development, including the early childhood years and those of puberty and adolescence. The psychosocial and biological impact of this effect will be considerable and unequally distributed. The implications will last at least a lifetime, and, through inter-generational transmission, will likely take us to future generations, into the 22nd century. We argue for the urgent need of designing and initiating comprehensive longitudinal cohort studies to closely monitor the long-term effects of COVID-19 on children conceived, born, and raised during the pandemic. Such an approach requires a close and effective collaboration between scientists, healthcare providers, policymakers, and the younger generations, and it will hopefully uncover evidence necessary to understand and mitigate the impact of the pandemic on people’s lives in the 21st and 22nd centuries. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={adolescence;  children’s health;  COVID-19;  developmental origins of disease;  inequity;  malnutrition;  obesity;  pandemics;  stress},
funding_text 1={Many thanks are expressed by A.-F.A.M. to Anna S. Gkika for her moral support throughout this study.},
references={Jacobson, C., Miller, N., Mulholland, R., Baker, L., Glazer, D., Betts, E., Brown, L., Ogundiran, O., Psychological distress and resilience in a multicentre sample of adolescents and young adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 27, pp. 201-213. , [CrossRef]; Stiglitz, J.E., COVID Has Made Global Inequality Much Worse (2022) Sci. Am, 326, pp. 52-53. , [CrossRef]; Clemente-Suárez, V.J., Dalamitros, A.A., Beltran-Velasco, A.I., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Tornero-Aguilera, J.F., Social and psychophys-iological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: An extensive literature review (2020) Front. Psychol, 11, p. 3077. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Pak, A., Adegboye, O.A., Adekunle, A.I., Rahman, K.M., McBryde, E.S., Eisen, D.P., Economic consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak: The need for epidemic preparedness (2020) Front. Public Health, 8, p. 241. , [CrossRef]; Islam, N., Jdanov, D.A., Shkolnikov, V.M., Khunti, K., Kawachi, I., White, M., Lewington, S., Lacey, B., Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: Time series analysis in 37 countries (2021) BMJ, 375, p. e066768. , [CrossRef]; Moser, D.A., Glaus, J., Frangou, S., Schechter, D.S., Years of life lost due to the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19 mitigation strategies based on Swiss data (2020) Eur. Psychiatry, 63, p. e58. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Farkhad, B.F., Albarracín, D., Insights on the implications of COVID-19 mitigation measures for mental health (2021) Econ. Hum. Biol, 40, p. 100963. , [CrossRef]; Islam, N., Lacey, B., Shabnam, S., Erzurumluoglu, A.M., Dambha-Miller, H., Chowell, G., Kawachi, I., Marmot, M., Social inequality and the syndemic of chronic disease and COVID-19: County-level analysis in the USA (2021) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 75, pp. 496-500. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Fokas, A., Dikaios, N., Kastis, G., Mathematical models and deep learning for predicting the number of individuals reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J. R. Soc. Interface, 17, p. 20200494. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lavine, J.S., Bjornstad, O.N., Antia, R., Immunological characteristics govern the transition of COVID-19 to endemicity (2021) Science, 371, pp. 741-745. , [CrossRef]; Herrington, G., Update to limits to growth: Comparing the World3 model with empirical data (2021) J. Ind. Ecol, 25, pp. 614-626. , [CrossRef]; Swinburn, B.A., Kraak, V.I., Allender, S., Atkins, V.J., Baker, P.I., Bogard, J.R., Brinsden, H., Devarajan, R., The global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: The Lancet Commission report (2019) Lancet, 393, pp. 791-846. , [CrossRef]; Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Suhrcke, M., Coutts, A., McKee, M., Effects of the 2008 recession on health: A first look at European data (2011) Lancet, 378, pp. 124-125. , [CrossRef]; Almond, D., Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long-term effects of in utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 US population (2006) J. Political Econ, 114, pp. 672-712. , [CrossRef]; Easterlin, M.C., Crimmins, E.M., Finch, C.E., Will prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 define a birth cohort with accelerated aging in the century ahead? (2020) J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis, 12, pp. 683-687. , [CrossRef]; Roseboom, T.J., Van Der Meulen, J.H., Ravelli, A.C., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Bleker, O.P., Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: An overview (2001) Twin Res. Hum. Genet, 4, pp. 293-298. , [CrossRef]; Parmar, D., Stavropoulou, C., Ioannidis, J.P., Health outcomes during the 2008 financial crisis in Europe: Systematic literature review (2016) BMJ, 354, p. i4588. , [CrossRef]; Laliotis, I., Ioannidis, J.P., Stavropoulou, C., Total and cause-specific mortality before and after the onset of the Greek economic crisis: An interrupted time-series analysis (2016) Lancet Public Health, 1, pp. e56-e65. , [CrossRef]; Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992) Diabetologia, 35, pp. 595-601. , [CrossRef]; Mentis, A.F., Kararizou, E., Does ageing originate in utero? (2010) Biogerontology, 11, pp. 725-729. , [CrossRef]; Zambrano, E., Lomas-Soria, C., Nathanielsz, P.W., Rodent studies of developmental programming and ageing mechanisms: Special issue: In utero and early life programming of ageing and disease (2021) Eur. J. Clin. Investig, 51, p. e13631. , [CrossRef]; Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940. , [CrossRef]; Almond, D., Currie, J., Killing me softly: The fetal origins hypothesis (2011) J. Econ. Perspect, 25, pp. 153-172. , [CrossRef]; Schechter, D., Rusconi, S., Applying clinically-relevant developmental neuroscience towards interventions that better target intergenerational transmission of violent trauma (2011) Signal, 19, pp. 9-17; Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G.P., Early-Life Stress: From Neuroendocrine Mechanisms to Stress-Related Disorders (2018) Horm. Res. Paediatr, 89, pp. 372-379. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Guidance for Full Opening: Schools, , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/actions-for-schools-during-the-coronavirus-outbreak/guidance-for-full-opening-schools, (accessed on 30 October 2020); Keesara, S., Jonas, A., Schulman, K., COVID-19 and Health Care’s Digital Revolution (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, p. e82. , [CrossRef]; Chrousos, G.P., Gold, P.W., The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis (1992) JAMA, 267, pp. 1244-1252. , [CrossRef]; Mentis, A.F.A., To What Extent Are Greek Children Exposed to the Risk of a Lifelong, Intergenerationally Transmitted Poverty? (2015) Poverty Public Policy, 7, pp. 357-381. , [CrossRef]; Short, A.K., Yeshurun, S., Powell, R., Perreau, V.M., Fox, A., Kim, J.H., Pang, T.Y., Hannan, A.J., Exercise alters mouse sperm small noncoding RNAs and induces a transgenerational modification of male offspring conditioned fear and anxiety (2017) Transl. Psychiatry, 7, p. e1114. , [CrossRef]; Sohn, I., After Shock: The World’s Foremost Futurists Reflect on 50 Years of Future Shock (2020) Foresight Int. J. Appl. Forecast, 59, pp. 29-31; Demakakos, P., Importance of population-based longitudinal studies to understanding the impact of COVID-19 (2021) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 75, pp. 815-816. , [CrossRef]; Brooks, C.G., Spencer, J.R., Sprafka, J.M., Roehl, K.A., Ma, J., Londhe, A.A., He, F., Page, J., Pediatric BMI changes during COVID-19 pandemic: An electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study (2021) EClinicalMedicine, 38, p. 101026. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Barrett, C.E., Koyama, A.K., Alvarez, P., Chow, W., Lundeen, E.A., Perrine, C.G., Pavkov, M.E., Bull-Otterson, L., Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days after SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged <18 years—United States, March 1, 2020–June 28, 2021 (2021) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 71, p. 59. , [CrossRef]; Zarulli, V., Jones, J.A.B., Oksuzyan, A., Lindahl-Jacobsen, R., Christensen, K., Vaupel, J.W., Women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics (2018) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, pp. E832-E840. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Shook, L.L., Sullivan, E.L., Lo, J.O., Perlis, R.H., Edlow, A.G., COVID-19 in pregnancy: Implications for fetal brain development (2022) Trends Mol. Med, 28, pp. 319-330. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tsouros, A., The coronavirus pandemic should strengthen governments’ will to invest in adolescent health (2020) Int. J. Public Health, 65, pp. 1217-1218. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Fegert, J.M., Kehoe, L.A., Çetin, F.Ç., Doyle, M., Eliez, S., Hebebrand, J., Hillegers, M., Kiss, E., Next Generation Europe: A Recovery Plan for Children, Adolescents and Their Families (2021) Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 30, pp. 991-995. , [CrossRef]; Blom, I.M., Campos, L.N., El Amine Youcef Ali, M., Asyura, M., von Metnitz, D.Z., Limann, B., Janušonytė, E., Youth versus pandemics: The role of future generations in the pandemic treaty (2021) Lancet Glob. Health, 9, pp. e1361-e1362. , [CrossRef]},
correspondence_address1={Mentis, A.-F.A.; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Greece; email: amentis1@jhu.edu},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={22279067},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Child.},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ru202242,
author={Ru, S.H.},
title={Historical geographies of Korea's incorporation: The rise of underdeveloped and modernized colonial port cities},
journal={Journal of Historical Geography},
year={2022},
volume={76},
pages={42-55},
doi={10.1016/j.jhg.2022.03.005},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127321413&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhg.2022.03.005&partnerID=40&md5=58ac23568f1c17ec73e1fd69fdbb857c},
affiliation={Seoul National University Asia Center #101, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08828, South Korea},
abstract={In the century proceeding the Second World War the historical geography of Korea, increasingly influenced by Imperial Japan, experienced rapid change. From a macroscopic perspective, Korean port cities' unprecedented spatial changes were deeply related to Korea's incorporation process into the capitalist world-system and direct Japanese rule from 1910. This study uses two conceptual categories (the underdeveloped colonial city and the modernized colonial city) to explain the massive urban transformations of four Korean port cities. Because Korea's incorporation into the world economic system has gained relatively little attention, this paper contributes to filling this gap in the literature. Furthermore, it allows us to explore the macro geopolitical and geo-economic changes in port cities via a microscopic perspective. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd},
author_keywords={Incorporation process;  Korean port cities;  Modernized colonial city;  Underdeveloped colonial city;  World-systems analysis},
keywords={capitalism;  conceptual framework;  economic development;  economic history;  geopolitics;  global economy;  historical geography;  spatial variation;  urban development;  urban economy, Korea},
funding_details={Seoul National UniversitySeoul National University, SNU},
funding_details={Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, MOE},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF, NRF-2020S1A6A3A02065553},
funding_text 1={I will thank Pusan Museum, Gunsan Modern History Museum, Kyujanggak institute for Korean Studies, and Seoul National University Library for providing valuable archival data for this research. Plus, I point out that this work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020S1A6A3A02065553).},
funding_text 2={I will thank Pusan Museum, Gunsan Modern History Museum, Kyujanggak institute for Korean Studies, and Seoul National University Library for providing valuable archival data for this research. Plus, I point out that this work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea ( NRF-2020S1A6A3A02065553 ).},
publisher={Academic Press},
issn={03057488},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Hist. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goncalves2022529,
author={Goncalves, C.P. and Ramos, D.S. and Rosa, P.S. and Balan, M.H. and Bezerra, B. and Cavalieri, M. and De Mello, R.F.},
title={The impact of COVID-19 on the Brazilian Power Sector: Operational, commercial, and regulatory aspects},
journal={IEEE Latin America Transactions},
year={2022},
volume={20},
number={4},
pages={529-536},
doi={10.1109/TLA.2022.9675457},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123718564&doi=10.1109%2fTLA.2022.9675457&partnerID=40&md5=1d88a5a850fc976778bb3357ee227626},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; CTG (China Three Gorges Corporation), Brazil},
abstract={The Coronavirus outbreak has imposed different levels of stay-at-home orders worldwide to help contain the disease spread, thus promoting severe impacts over the global economy. The World Bank expects 90% of the world economy to go into recession, being this the most severe global economic crisis since the second world war. Consequently, electricity consumption has fallen sharply in many countries, so as in Brazil, what provoked critical effects over many electricity sector stakeholders. In this context, this article discusses the main consequences of COVID-19s outbreak over the Brazilian electricity sector and some measures taken by the government and the regulator to address such issues. Further, this work proposes a long-term electricity demand forecast methodology, taking into consideration bottom-up technics for general demand growth and top-down technics for the expansion of distributed generation in Brazil. The model uses as input economic forecasts from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and Brazilian market consolidated expectations disclosed by the Brazilian Central Bank. The model proves to be useful to long-term demand forecast by producing results adherent to official forecasts published by Brazilian governmental institutions. © 2003-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Demand Forecasting;  Electricity Sector;  Power Demand;  Regulation},
keywords={Coronavirus;  Economics;  Electric power utilization;  Military operations, Coronaviruses;  Demand forecast;  Demand forecasting;  Electricity sector;  Operational aspects;  Power demands;  Power sector;  Regulation;  Regulatory aspects;  World bank, Forecasting},
references={Jacobsen, H.K., Integrating the bottom-up and top-down approach to energy economy modelling: The case of Denmark (1998) Energy Economics, 20, pp. 443-461; (2009) Nota Técnica DEA 15/09-Projeção da Demanda de Energia Elétrica Para Os Próximos 10 Anos, , EPE Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, Rio de Janeiro; (2019) Plano Decenal de Expansão 2029, , EPE Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, Rio de Janeiro; Rogers, E.M., (2003) Diffusion of Innovations, , 5th ed., Simon and Schuster; (2020) WHO Timeline-COVID-19, , https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline-covid-19, World Health Organization, Accessed on: Apr. 27; Kang, C., Implementation of quarantine in China during the outbreak of COVID-19 (2020) Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, , Apr; (2020) Global Economic Prospects-June 2020, , WBG World Bank Group, Washington; (2020) World Economic Outlook Update-June 2020, , IMF International Monetary Fund; (2020) Produto Interno Bruto-PIB, , https://www.ibge.gov.br/explica/pib.php, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Accessed on: Sep. 1; (2020) Policy Responses to COVID-19, , https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#U, International Monetary Fund, Accessed on: Nov. 19; (2020) Covid-19 Impact on Electricity, , https://www.iea.org/reports/covid-19-impact-on-electricity#impact-of-lockdown-measures, International Electricity Agency, Accessed on: Nov. 19; De Castro, N.J., (2020) Informativo Eletrônico Do Setor Elétrico: N° 5.089-25 de Agosto de 2020, , Grupo de Estudos do Setor Elétrico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, ISSN 1678-6130 Aug; (2020) Plano de Operação Energética 2020-Sumário Executivo, , ONS Operador Nacional do Sistema, Rio de Janeiro; (2020) Estudos Do Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2030-Avaliação Do Suprimento de Potência No Sistema Elétrico e Impactos da Covid-19, , EPE Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, Rio de Janeiro; (2020) Boletim Informativo de Debêntures Incentivadas-Julho de 2020, , Ministério da Economia Ministério da Economia, Brasília; Coelho, J., (2020) Opinião Legal: Impactos das Medidas Associadas Ao Controle Do COVID-19 Sobre Os Contratos de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica, , Julião Coelho; (2020) Balanço Energético Nacional-Séries Históricas Completas, , https://www.epe.gov.br, Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, Accessed on: Sep. 4; (2020) Séries Históricas e Estatísticas-IBGe, , https://seriesestatisticas.ibge.gov.br/lista_tema.aspx?op=0&no=10, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Accessed on: Sep.4; Bass, F.M., A new product growth for model consumer durables (1969) Management Science, 15 (5), pp. 215-227. , Jan; Sigrin, B., Gleason, M., Preus, R., Baring-Gould, I., Margolis, R., (2016) The Distributed Generation Market Demand Model (DGen), , National Renewable Energy Laboratory; (2012) National Electricity Forecasting Report for the National Electricity Market (NEM), , AEMO Australian Energy Market Operator; Kastovich, J.C., Lawrence, R.R., Hoffman, R.R., Pavlak, C., Advanced electric-heat-pump market and business analysis. Final report (1982) Westinghouse Electric Corp., , Pittsburgh, PA (USA). Research and Development Center, USA; (2007) Arizona Solar Electric Roadmap Study-Full Report, , Navigant Consulting Arizona Department of Comerce, Burlington; Beck, R.W., (2009) Distributed Renewable Energy Operating Impacts and Valuation Study, , Arizona Public Service; Guidolin, M., Mortarino, C., Cross-country diffusion of photovoltaic systems: Modelling choices and forecasts for national adoption patterns (2010) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77 (2), pp. 279-296. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2009.07.003, Feb; Islam, T., Household level innovation diffusion model of photo-voltaic (PV) solar cells from stated preference data (2014) Energy Policy, 65, pp. 340-350. , Feb},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
issn={15480992},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE. Lat. Am. Trans.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lalafaryan20221,
author={Lalafaryan, N.},
title={Orchestrating finance with Material Adverse Changes?},
journal={Legal Studies},
year={2022},
volume={42},
number={1},
pages={1-22},
doi={10.1017/lst.2022.6},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137656320&doi=10.1017%2flst.2022.6&partnerID=40&md5=c4bac678fe002692b46f69b7d8a18dc6},
affiliation={Faculty of Laws, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, United Kingdom},
abstract={From a legal and economic perspective, the global financial crisis, terrorist attacks, wars, natural catastrophes, and COVID-19 all have one thing in common: they are potentially 'material adverse change' events. Such events are unpredictable and have severe consequences for the global economy. To help manage the fallout from such negative events, businesses in economically valuable and complex deals, such as debt financing or mergers and acquisition (M&A) agreements, include special contractual risk allocation provisions, called Material Adverse Change/Effect (MAC) clauses. The COVID-19 crisis has had a drastic effect on M&A and debt financing deals, often leading to renegotiation and sometimes to litigation of these agreements based on MAC clauses. Termination of such transactions via MAC clauses poses serious risks, including those of causing a domino-effect in the market. The effects of MAC clauses in debt finance (as opposed to M&A deals), however, have been largely overlooked both in law and in finance. This paper is the first to investigate the pre-contractual (ex-ante) and contractual (ex-post) effects of MAC clauses in commercial debt financing agreements. It proposes a novel Multifunctional Effect Approach of MAC clauses in debt finance. This paper aims to explain why the commercial parties attach high importance to these vague and uncertain MAC clauses in debt financing agreements but hardly ever rely on them. First, the paper argues that apart from acceleration of the credit facilities, MAC clauses have various beneficial effects, such as screening. Secondly, MAC clauses should be regarded not only as mechanisms to solve information asymmetry but also have the following effects: improving governance, decoupling debt, providing restructuring impulses, countering uncertainty, signalling with acceleration. Potentially, MAC clauses also have the effect of a penalty default rule. The paper finds that despite these functions, the potential of MAC clauses in debt finance is not fully utilised, due to the unique characteristics of debt finance. This significantly undermines the efficiency of MAC clauses in debt finance, as lenders overprotect themselves by additionally relying on other contractual protection mechanisms and risk offsetting strategies for more efficiency. © The Author(s), 2022.},
author_keywords={creditor protection;  information asymmetry;  law and finance;  material adverse change;  uncertainty},
funding_text 1={I would like to extend my most sincere gratitude to Felix Steffek for his constructive feedback and encouragement throughout the development of this paper. I am also indebted to Marc Moore, Carsten Gerner-Beuerle, Louise Gullifer, Suren Gomtsian, Simon Deakin, Robert T Miller, Klaus J Hopt, Wolf-Georg Ringe, Stefan Voigt, Holger Spamann, Michael Klausner, Richard Squire, Casimiro Nigro, Maria Grigoropolou, Francesca Farrington, Steven Vaughan, Eloise Scotford, Sandra Annette Booysen, the anonymous reviewers, and the participants at the 2022 UCL Laws Research Seminar, the 2021 SLS Annual Conference, the Cambridge Law Faculty's 2021 RDTP Seminar, and 2021 Bocconi Seminar for their excellent comments and helpful suggestions. I have also benefited from stimulating conversations with Graham Penn and my students of the LLM Legal Aspects of International Finance class of 2021/22 at UCL Laws. I am grateful for the support that I received at Harvard Law School and the MPI Hamburg, where the research for a chapter of my doctoral dissertation, forming the initial basis of this paper, was conducted. I would also like to thank Hogan Lovells LLP in partnership with the Cambridge Law Faculty for its generous support of my doctoral studies, The Loan Market Association for the provision of the relevant documentation and permission to use it for my research. All the views expressed here are mine alone. The usual disclaimers apply.},
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correspondence_address1={Lalafaryan, N.; Faculty of Laws, United Kingdom; email: n.lalafaryan@ucl.ac.uk},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={02613875},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Leg. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Drebee2022110,
author={Drebee, H.A. and Razak, N.A.A.},
title={Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Exchange Rate in Iraq: Econometric Approach},
journal={Industrial Engineering and Management Systems},
year={2022},
volume={21},
number={1},
pages={110-118},
doi={10.7232/iems.2022.21.1.110},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128637675&doi=10.7232%2fiems.2022.21.1.110&partnerID=40&md5=ef01155e862c5644b51f1a803755ca9f},
affiliation={University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq; University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia},
abstract={Oil is the main source of energy, which plays a pivotal role in the global economy. Therefore, its price fluctuations have a significant impact on the economy of the countries that trade oil. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of oil price fluctuations on economic growth, financial development and exchange rate in Iraq. To achieve this objective, IRFs and VDCs, which are estimated from VAR, have been used. This study found that great fluctuations in economic growth, financial development, and exchange rate are due to oil price fluctuations. It is a reflection of oil resource mismanagement besides the rampant corruption in the state administrations additional to allocating most of financial resources to the war efforts when Iraq fought against terrorism. Therefore, it is necessary for the decision makers to adopt a certain strategy based on reducing the dependence of the Iraqi economy on crude oil. Prompting financial sector by developing well-regulated economic policies of economic diversity is needed as well. It could be done institutionally by regulating frameworks to build confidence in the economy and reducing the dominance of the public sector. © 2022 KIIE.},
author_keywords={Economic Growth;  Exchange Rate;  Financial Development;  Oil price;  VAR},
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(1996) Journal of Monetary Economics, 38 (2), pp. 195-213; Jiménez-Rodríguez, R., Sánchez, M., Oil price shocks and real GDP growth: Empirical evidence for some OECD countries (2004) Applied Economics, 37 (2), pp. 201-228; Johansen, S., Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors (1988) Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12 (2-3), pp. 231-254; Johansen, S., Juselius, K., Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration - With application to the demand for money (1990) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52 (2), pp. 169-210; Kouassi, E., Decaluwe, B., Kapombe, M., Colyer, D., Temporal causality and the dynamic interactions between terms of trade and current account deficits in co-integrated VAR processes: Further evidence from Ivorian time series (1997) Applied Economics, 31 (1), pp. 89-96; Lee, K., Ni, S., Raati, R. A., Oil shocks and the macro economy: The role of price variability (1995) Energy Journal, 16 (4), pp. 39-56; Mork, K. A., Oil and the macro economy when prices go up and down: An extension of Hamilton's results (1989) Journal of Political Economy, 97 (3), pp. 740-744; Naccache, T., Slow oil shocks and the "weakening of the oil price-macro economy relationship" (2010) Energy Policy, 38 (5), pp. 2340-2345; Naka, A., Tufte, D., Examining impulse response functions in cointegrated systems (1997) Applied Economics, 29 (12), pp. 1593-1603; Nelson, C. R., Plosser, C. R., Trends and random walks in macroeconomic time series. Some evidence and implications (1982) Journal of Monetary Economics, 10 (2), pp. 139-162; Olomola, P. A., Adejumo, A. 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correspondence_address1={Drebee, H.A.; University of Al-QadisiyahIraq; email: hayder.drebee@qu.edu.iq},
publisher={Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers},
issn={15987248},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ind. Eng. Manag. Syst.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tidhar2022134,
author={Tidhar, R.},
title={Airport security: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic},
journal={Journal of Airport Management},
year={2022},
volume={16},
number={2},
pages={134-153},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128557315&partnerID=40&md5=88f7ea4d61365bbc25b4866d096a2f9e},
affiliation={Israel Airports Authority (IAA), Israel},
abstract={Reflecting on the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we can see that, even though we have faced war, terror attacks, extreme nature and weather events, economic depressions and more, none of them affected global economies, our freedom of travel, our personal and mental health as fast and as deeply as the COVID-19 pandemic. Once considered a local event to China, it rapidly spread across the globe within a few months, bringing travel between countries to a halt and interfering catastrophically with the aviation industry. Airports and airlines soon discovered that not only were they on the brink of bankruptcy, they also needed furlough their employees, shut down terminals and fleets and, in race to establish new methodologies for public health demands to try to regain some aviation and commerce activity. The airport security sector also suffered, losing manpower, struggling with infected employees, involving staff in safety related duties which were not part of their job description and seeing new stakeholders to set the ‘new security’ agenda for their home court. Focus was diverted from counter-terrorism. Obviously, due to the circumstances, direct operation and development budgets were frozen or re-allocated, so work plans and an array of improvements are now under consideration. The most agile airports set up innovation labs to identy updated technological solutions in supporting daily efforts, especially with the public demand for contactless travel. Soon, some regulators began to introduce regulations, and are trying to set the industry to work on gold standards and platforms, pursuing governmental official confidence that will, in time, translate into authorisation to operate safe travels (especially on international routes, as in some countries domestic traffic has a reasonable volume). This paper analyses civil aviation actors and vectors throughout the pandemic, and offers predictions for the near future trends, especially for aviation security directors. © HENRY STEWART PUBLICATIONS.},
author_keywords={Airports;  COVID-19;  pandemic;  recovery;  security;  travel},
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correspondence_address1={Tidhar, R.; Israel Airports Authority (IAA)Israel; email: RoniTi@iaa.gov.il},
publisher={Henry Stewart Publications},
issn={17501938},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Airpt. Manag.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meng202215,
author={Meng, B. and Ye, M.},
title={Smile curves in global value chains: Foreign- vs. domestic-owned firms; the U.S. vs. China},
journal={Structural Change and Economic Dynamics},
year={2022},
volume={60},
pages={15-29},
doi={10.1016/j.strueco.2021.10.007},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119442661&doi=10.1016%2fj.strueco.2021.10.007&partnerID=40&md5=65515ceb48f3dc6724b726488e8e0d4c},
affiliation={Institute of Developing Economies - Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), Chiba, 261-8545, Japan; Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research (TKFD), Tokyo, 106-6234, Japan; Yangtze River Industrial Economic Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu  210023, China},
abstract={This paper uses the “smile curve” mapping tool with a Y-axis for value-added ratio and an X-axis for production stages to identify value-added gains, positions, and interdependencies of foreign- and domestic-owned firms in global value chains (GVCs). Taking the U.S. and China's ICT firms’ exporting activities as a target, we find that China-based domestic-owned ICT firms’ value chain appears as a smile curve differing from the U.S.-based domestic-owned ICT firms’ inverted-U curve, which reflects the considerable difference in their technical specialization in joining GVCs; foreign-owned firms are good at utilizing each country's comparative advantages and can thus arrange value chains as smile curves regardless of whether they are located in the U.S. or China; China-based domestic-owned firms have increasingly plugged into most ICT value chains. All findings reflect how “sticky” the interdependency among countries along GVCs is and can thus help understanding the impact of the U.S.–China trade war. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Global value chain;  ICT;  Multinational enterprise;  Smile curve;  Trade in value added},
keywords={global economy;  information and communication technology;  international trade;  mapping;  multinational enterprise;  supply chain management, China;  United States},
funding_details={20202023},
funding_details={2020-2021},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 20202022, 20K01674},
funding_text 1={This research is partly supported by IDE/JETRO's international joint project “Re-evaluation of China's Total Factor Productivity and Resource Misallocation: Considering Firm Heterogeneity” (20202023), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 20K01674) (20202022), and TKFK’s research project “The Reconstruction of Global Value Chains” (2020-2021). Bo Meng thanks Prof. Kyoji Fukao, Dr. Sébastien Miroudot, Prof. Yuqing Xing, Prof. Zhi Wang, Prof. Asao Ando and anonymous referees for their helpful comments.},
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correspondence_address1={Ye, M.; Yangtze River Industrial Economic Research Institute, China; email: ymblake@163.com},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={0954349X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Struct. Change Econ. Dyn.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee202210,
author={Lee, S.-H.},
title={ASEAN's economic security and regional economic cooperation: Past, present, and future},
journal={Asian Journal of Comparative Politics},
year={2022},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={10-28},
doi={10.1177/20578911211032135},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118214894&doi=10.1177%2f20578911211032135&partnerID=40&md5=9ec43a693515e188d59d052f5b0092a5},
affiliation={Nanyang Technological University, Singapore},
abstract={Since the end of the Cold War, ASEAN has continuously increased its level of integration into the global economy to enhance regional economic prosperity and stability. Given the conceptual fluidity of economic security in international relations, however, ASEAN's firm commitment to promoting positive synergies between economic and security interests warrants further attention. In this vein, this article examines the evolving nature of ASEAN's economic security with a focus on regional economic initiatives, including trade agreements and the ASEAN Economic Community. The article suggests that ASEAN can maximize its potential for economic security when it increases the credibility of its commitment to regional economic cooperation and integration. To do so, ASEAN should more effectively address the issues of weak institutional capabilities and domestic political conflicts over regional economic governance. It should also proactively respond to unexpected challenges from external factors, such as US–China rivalry and the COVID-19 pandemic. © The Author(s) 2021.},
author_keywords={ASEAN;  economic security;  regional economic cooperation;  Southeast Asia;  trade},
funding_text 1={The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.},
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correspondence_address1={Lee, S.-H.; Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore; email: isshlee@ntu.edu.sg},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={20578911},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian J. Comp. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yue202291,
author={Yue, J.},
title={The Limits to China's Peaceful Rise – Deep Integration and a New Cold War},
journal={Global Policy},
year={2022},
volume={13},
number={1},
pages={91-106},
doi={10.1111/1758-5899.13040},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122028834&doi=10.1111%2f1758-5899.13040&partnerID=40&md5=303c310b3a57a56cf11853958b4a6118},
affiliation={Independent Scholar, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article challenges the dominant view that China has risen, and that its economic ascent has created a restless empire poised to overturn the liberal international order. This author argues that China's deep integration into the global economy from the early 1990s onward, as necessitated by both Chinese domestic politics and America's grand strategy of drawing China out, has eventually set the country on a path of dependent development and has made China not a solid superpower candidate, but rather a fragile great power. It is ironic that it is the empire-sized country's entrapment in semi-peripheral development, rather than its economic-technological ‘rise’, that has inevitably led to the return of great power rivalry and the coming of the new Cold War. © 2021 Durham University and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
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The world trade organization and the shrinking of ‘development space’ (2003) Review of International Political Economy, 10 (4), pp. 621-644; Wade, R.H., (2003) Governing the market – economic theory and the role of government in east Asian industrialization, , 2, nd en)., Princeton University Press; Wallerstein, I., The concept of national development (1992) The American Behavioral Scientist, 35 (4), pp. 517-529; Watkins, P., Introduction: A three-pillar strategic framework for competing with China (2021) Protect, constrain, contest approaches for coordinated transatlantic economic and technological competition with China, , https://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/Assets/Documents/reports/LSE-IDEAS-Protect-Constrain-Contest.pdf, LSE IDEAS China Foresight Project (hereafter called “LSE-IDEAS Report 2021”), January., [Accessed 3 December 2021]; Werner, J., China is cheating at a rigged game (2018) Foreign Policy, , https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/08/china-is-cheating-at-a-rigged-game/, 8 August., [Accessed 3 December 2021]; Westad, O.A., Identity politics with Chinese characteristics – how the CCP’s quest to define ‘China’ shapes Beijing’s agenda (2021) Foreign Affairs, , https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/identity-politics-chinese-characteristics, (web version), 1 June., [Accessed 3 December 2021]; Wu, G., (2017) Globalization against democracy: A political economy of capitalism after its global triumph, , Cambridge University Press; Wu, H., Li, P., Analyzing China's industrial structure – does China really have ‘all the industrial categories listed in the United Nations industry classification system’? (2021) Ceibs Business Review, 61, pp. 76-82; Yue, J., Peaceful rise of China: Myth or reality? (2008) International Politics, 45 (4), pp. 439-456; Yue, J., Has globalization led to China’s rise? (2014) Leaders, (59), pp. 41-58; Yue, J., China, global capitalism, and the quest for political legitimacy (2016) International Politics, 53 (6), pp. 752-774; Yue, J., (2018) China’s rise in the age of globalization: Myth or reality?, , Palgrave MacMillan; Yue, J., The Sino-US trade war: Problems and essence (2018) Macau Journal of Law and Politics, 1 (7), pp. 1-21},
correspondence_address1={Yue, J.; Independent ScholarUnited Kingdom; email: yuej68@gmail.com},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={17585880},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Anas2022241,
author={Anas, T. and Hill, H. and Narjoko, D. and Putra, C.T.},
title={The Indonesian Economy in Turbulent Times},
journal={Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies},
year={2022},
volume={58},
number={3},
pages={241-271},
doi={10.1080/00074918.2022.2133344},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146803256&doi=10.1080%2f00074918.2022.2133344&partnerID=40&md5=afda1ff4867a5a476291b957f859d9c4},
affiliation={Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia; Australian National University and Ministry of Finance, Jakarta, Australia; Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Indonesia},
abstract={The year 2022 got off to a relatively optimistic start for Indonesia’s economic managers. Notwithstanding the serious health and social outcomes inflicted by the Covid pandemic, the government had successfully minimised the economic fallout. It could reasonably contemplate a period of sustained economic recovery and rising prosperity in preparation for the 2024 national elections. However, the outlook began to deteriorate in the face of heightened global economic volatility and uncertainty: the economic and geostrategic ramifications of the Ukraine War, a sudden slowdown in the global economy, rising interest rates, historically high and volatile prices for some key commodities, international trade and transport disruptions, uncertainty about China’s current economic trajectory and persistent if (so far) manageable Covid challenges. Nevertheless, the Indonesian economy is continuing its steady post-Covid progress: the return to 5% growth in late 2021 continued through to second quarter 2022, inflation remains moderate and living standards are slowly recovering. However, there are potentially major macroeconomic challenges on the horizon. In fiscal policy, there are many demands on the budget, yet there is limited fiscal space, and much of the increased budget revenue this year is again being allocated to subsidies. In monetary policy, there is concern that, as in many countries, the monetary authorities could be ‘behind the curve’ of rising inflationary pressures. In his 16 August 2022 speech, President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) emphasised the importance of the industrial sector and of ‘downstreaming’ as a means of accelerating industrial growth. Against this backdrop, and the sector’s sluggish growth for much of this century, the paper also surveys recent patterns of industrialisation and prospects for the future. © 2022 ANU Indonesia Project.},
author_keywords={Covid;  economic shocks;  global economy;  Indonesia;  industrialisation},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent research assistance by Eko Wicaksono, Pyan Muchtar and Militcyano Sapulette. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors alone. For helpful comments and discussions, we thank without implicating the editors, participants at the ANU 2022 Indonesia Update, particularly our discussant, Riyana Miranti, and also Prema-Chandra Athukorala, Chatib Basri, Anne Booth, Howard Dick, Natasha Hamilton-Hart, Peter McCawley, Chris Manning, David Nellor and Arief Yusuf.},
references={Aswicahyono, H., Hill, H., Narjoko, D., Industrialisation after a Deep Economic Crisis: Indonesia (2011) Journal of Development Studies, 46 (6), pp. 1084-1108. , ‘, ’; Aswicahyono, H., Hill, H., Indonesian Industrialization and Industrial Policy Catching Up, Slowing Down, Muddling Through (2017) The Indonesian Economy, pp. 89-113. , Ing L.Y., Hanson G.H., Indrawati M., (eds), London: Routledge, and,. ‘, ’. edited by; Athukorala, P., Menon, J., (2010), ‘Global Production Sharing, Trade Patterns, and Determinants of Trade Flows East Asia’. Asian Development Bank Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration, 41. Manila: ADB; Borin, A., Mancini, M., (2019) Measuring What Matters in Global Value Chains and Value-Added Trade, , Washington, DC: World Bank, and,. ‘, ’. Policy Research Working Paper, 8804; Dieppe, A., Kilic Celik, S., Kindberg-Hanlon, G., Global Productivity Trends (2020) Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies, pp. 49-82. , Dieppe A., (ed), Washington, DC: World Bank, and,. ‘, ’. edited by; Kimura, F., Obashi, A., (2010), ‘International Production Networks Machinery Industries: Structure and Its Evolution’. ERIA Discussion Paper Series 2010-09. Jakarta: ERIA; Myers, R., What the Indonesian Rattan Export Ban Means for Domestic and International Markets, Forests, and the Livelihood of Rattan Collectors (2015) Forest Policy and Economics, 50, pp. 210-219. , ‘, ’; Putra, C.T., Forthcoming. ‘GVC Indicators: A Survey and Application to RCEP’. ERIA Discussion Paper Series. Jakarta: ERIA; Putra, C.T., Narjoko, D., Forthcoming. ‘Product Quality and Decision to Export: Case Study of Indonesian Manufacturing’. ERIA Discussion Paper Series. Jakarta: ERIA; Sturgeon, T.J., Memedovic, O., (2011), ‘Mapping Global Value Chains: Intermediate Goods Trade and Structural Change the World Economy’. Development Policy and Strategic Research Branch Working Paper 05/2010. Vienna: UNIDO; Suryahadi, A., Izzati, R.A., Yumna, A., The Impact of Covid-19 and Social Protection Programs on Poverty in Indonesia (2021) Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 57 (3), pp. 267-296. , ‘, ’; Tregenna, F., Deindustrialization and Reindustrialization (2013) Pathways to Industrialization in the Twenty-First Century: New Challenges and Emerging Paradigms, pp. 76-101. , Szirmai A., Naudé W., Alcorta L., (eds), Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press,. ‘, ’. edited by; Witoelar, F., Utomo, A., (2022) In Sickness and in Health: Diagnosing Indonesia, , Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, and, eds; (2022) Indonesia Economic Prospects, June 2022: Financial Deepening for Stronger Growth and Sustainable Recovery, , Washington, DC: World Bank},
correspondence_address1={Hill, H.; Australian National University and Ministry of FinanceAustralia; email: hal.hill@anu.edu.au},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={00074918},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bull. Indones. Econ. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Halim2022123,
author={Halim, N.A. and Kasim, N.Z. and Radzi, A.R.M. and Turan, F.M.},
title={A Proposed Methodological Considerations for Sustainable Chemical Process Design},
journal={Key Engineering Materials},
year={2022},
volume={938},
pages={123-131},
doi={10.4028/p-5b44o6},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146392986&doi=10.4028%2fp-5b44o6&partnerID=40&md5=f2d8fe06a15267ff2e58eed9f98fbefc},
affiliation={Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Kuala Lumpur-Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Bandar Vendor, Lot 1988, 19, Melaka, Alor Gajah, 78000, Malaysia; Faculty of Manufacturing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia},
abstract={Chemical manufacture is a significant value-added industry in both local and global economies. Along with highly relevant issues such as unsustainable process design, energy consumption, and waste generation linked with the sector, societal issues relating to chemical product health and safety are part of the greater sustainability concerns. There is a need to design a sustainable strategy while ensuring economic stability at the corporate level. Hence, this paper presents a methodological proposal of integrated modelling approach for sustainable chemical process design at early design process. The step of achieving this objective is separated into several parts. The first step is to classify parameters from established tools as a benchmark for sustainability metrics. The next step is to transform quantification value of triple bottom line impact(economic, environment and social) to normalized weightage by using Multi Criteria Analysis. The final stage is to develop alternative in terms of technical optimization of process design. The implementation multimodal Multi Criteria Analysis and optimized process design exhibits significant improvements in sustainability impacts according to the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Chemical Process Design;  Multi Criteria Analysis;  Sustainability;  Sustainability Assessment},
references={Azapagic, Adisa, Perdan, Slobodan, Sustainable chemical engineering: Dealing with “wicked” sustainability problems (2014) AIChE Journal, 60, pp. 3998-4007; Serna, J, Martinez, END, Rincón, PCN, Camargo, M, Gálvez, D, Multi-criteria decision analysis for the selection of sustainable chemical process routes during early design stages (2016) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 113, pp. 28-49; Tong, Lizhong, Pu, Zhongmin, Ma, Jizheng, Maintenance supplier evaluation and selection for safe and sustainable production in the chemical industry: A Case Study (2019) J. Sustainability, 11, p. 1533; Behzad, Masoud, Kim, Heetae, Behzad, Mehdi, Behambari, Hadi Asghari, Improving Sustainability Performance of Heating Facilities in a Central Boiler Room by Condition- Based Maintenance (2019) Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, pp. 713-723; Weissermel, K., Arpe, H.-J., (2008) Industrial Organic Chemistry Google eBook, p. 203. , John Wiley & Sons; Othman, Mohamad R., Repke, Jens-Uwe, Wozny, A modular approach to sustainability assessment and decision support in chemical process design (2010) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 49, pp. 7870-7881; Jiang, Y., Bhattacharyya, D., Sustainable engineering economic and profitability analysis (2016) Sustainability in the Design, Synthesis and Analysis of Chemical Engineering Processes, pp. 141-167; Aliff Radzuan, M.R., Faizal, T.A., Kasim, Nor Zalina, Sustainability assessment of chemical processes via sustainability evaluator in conjunction with Aspen HYSYS (2020) International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 27, pp. 147-158; Romli, Awanis, Prickett, Paul, Setchi, Rossitza, A Conceptual Model for Sustainable Product Design (2014) Key Engineering Materials, 572, pp. 3-6; Mohamad, Afnan Syihabuddin, Norfazilah, A.H, Hashim, Hasbullah, Aliff Radzuan, M.R, Economic, environment, and social impacts of two routes of methanol production via sustainability evaluator (2020) Material Today: Proceedings, 31; Srinivasan, R., Nhan, N. T, A statistical approach for evaluating inherent benign-ness of chemical process routes in early design stages (2008) Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 86, pp. 163-174; Carvalho, A., Gani, R., Matos, H., Design of sustainable chemical processes: Systematic retrofit analysis generation and evaluation of alternatives (2008) Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 86, pp. 328-346; Gil Chaves, Iván Darío, Guevara López, Javier Ricardo, Luis García Zapata, José, (2016) Process optimization in chemical engineering in Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering, pp. 344-368. , Springer International Publishing; Shadiya, Olamide O., High, Karen A., Sustainability Evaluator: Tool for Evaluating Process Sustainability (2012) Environmental Progress and Sustainability Energy, , AIChE, ep.11667},
correspondence_address1={Kasim, N.Z.; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Bandar Vendor, Lot 1988, 19, Melaka, Malaysia; email: zalina.kasim@unikl.edu.my},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
issn={10139826},
coden={KEMAE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Key Eng Mat},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{vonArb2022307,
author={von Arb, C.A.},
title={From Fundamental Research to Industrial Application: The Global Competitiveness of Swiss Universities},
journal={The Competitiveness of Nations 1: Navigating the US-China Trade War and the COVID-19 Global Pandemic},
year={2022},
pages={307-319},
doi={10.1142/9789811261145_0015},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143926111&doi=10.1142%2f9789811261145_0015&partnerID=40&md5=b5b96d7ef5420dff3d47778d0d7cc914},
affiliation={Franklin University, Switzerland},
abstract={The pivotal role that academic institutions play today as essential drivers of innovation, which creates market value and warrants a high standard of living in a fiercely competitive global economy, is unparalleled. For Switzerland, where the cost of living is among the highest in the world, it is a must to perform at the very top now as the impact of deficits will only be felt years later. Therefore, one needs to ask if the academic institutions are performing at the required level? In a benchmark study, Swiss universities were compared with some of the world’s leading research institutions through the analysis of 40 performance indicators with a focus on the efforts “Science to Market.” Looking at higher education in Switzerland, it is notable that the student population has been growing disproportionally since 2010 due to the higher enrolment of foreign students. Furthermore, Swiss universities are known for their excellence in fundamental research including public/private partnership projects. This was confirmed with the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology leading in front. However, when focusing on “Science to Market” efforts, the rankings were pretty low. Whether looking at invention disclosures, patent applications, technology licensing, university spin-offs, or venture capital deals, a significant weakness in the competitive position of Swiss universities vis-à-vis its global competitors became apparent. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.},
author_keywords={global competition;  international benchmark;  public-private partnerships;  quality of academic research;  Science to Market;  Swiss universities;  war for talent},
references={Academic ranking of world universities, , www.shanghairanking.com; Bundesamt für Statistik (2020) Swiss Federal Office for Statistics, , www.bfs.admin.ch; (2018) Rise of the global startup city, , http://startupsusa.org/global-startup-cities/; Alliance for a globally competitive and responsible Switzerland, , www.CH2048.ch, Allianz für eine global wettbewerbsfähige und verantwortliche Schweiz; (2019) CWTS Leiden ranking, , www.leidenranking.com; (2018) The world’s most innovative universities, , https://www.reuters.com/innovative-universities-2018/; The Swiss startup platform, , https://www.startup.ch/; von Arb, C.A., (2020) CH2048 Innovationsmonitoring. (Complete version - Modul A - in German language), , https://www.ch2048.ch/download/; Free online encyclopedia, , www.wikipedia.org},
correspondence_address1={Von Arb, C.A.; Franklin UniversitySwitzerland},
publisher={World Scientific Publishing Co.},
isbn={9789811261145; 9789811261138},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Competitiveness of Nations 1: Navigating the US-China Trade War and the COVID-19 Global Pandemic},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Devezas20221,
author={Devezas, T. and Leitão, J. and Yegorov, Y. and Chistilin, D.},
title={Global Challenges on Climate Change: An Ongoing Portentous Transformation},
journal={World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures},
year={2022},
pages={1-7},
doi={10.1007/978-3-031-16470-5_1},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142650697&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-16470-5_1&partnerID=40&md5=6527a5e6b8a5c2dc34d0bf91ddc447ce},
affiliation={Atlântica University, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Beira Interior, NECE, Research Unit in Business Sciences, Covilhã, Portugal; CEG-IST & ICS, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Simon Kuznets International Institute for Self-organization and Development, Kyiv, Ukraine},
abstract={October 1973 marked an important turning point that paved the way toward our modern global socioeconomic system, when the members of the OPEC proclaimed the well-known oil embargo, during which oil prices rocketed from US$ 3 per barrel to about US$ 12 per barrel globally by the end of embargo in March 1974, an increase of about 400%. This embargo was coined as the “oil shock” because of its long-term effects on the global economy and geopolitics. A few years later, in the wake of the Iranian Revolution (1979) and the Iran-Iraq (1980) war, due to decreased oil output, prices rocketed again, installing a new global panic, provoking the “second oil shock.” These shocks summed up with the worldwide awakening caused by the 1972 published report of the Club of Rome titled “The Limits to Growth” (Meadows et al., 1972), presenting the results of MIT’s computer simulation of exponential economic and population growth with a finite supply of resources. The message was clear: the planet cannot support present rates of economic and population growth much beyond the end of the twenty-first century because resources are finite. The result was then the waking up of an intense global awareness regarding the depletion of natural resources and the aggression to the environment (Devezas, 2008). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
references={Yang, F., Liang, Z., Design of a low parasitic inductance SiC power module with double-sided cooling (2017) IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2017, pp. 3057-3062; Devezas, T., Trends in aviation: Rebound effect and the struggle composites x aluminum (2020) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 160; (2021) Electric Vehicles as a Proportion of the Total fleet–European Environment Agency, , europa.eu; EIA projects global conventional vehicle fleet will peak in 2038–Today in Energy– U.S (2021) Energy Information Administration (EIA); Houghton, R.A., Woodwell, G.M., Global climatic change (1989) Scientific American; Leitão, J., Ferreira, J., Santibanez-González, E., New insights into decoupling economic growth, technological progress and carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from 40 countries (2022) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021. 121250; Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J., Behrens, W.W., (1972) The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Romes's Project on the Predicament of Mankind, , Potomac Associates Book; Sivak, M., (2019) Actual Fuel Economy of Cars and Light Trucks, pp. 1966-2017. , https://www.greencarcongress.com/2019/09/20190930-sivak.html, Available at; Wirl, F., Yegorov, Y., (2015) The Oxford Handbook of the Macroeconomics of Global Warming, , Renewable energy: Models, implications and prospects. In L. Bernard & W. Semmler (Eds.), Oxford Univ. Press; Electricity production from renewable sources (2021) Excluding Hydroelectric (Kwh) | Data (Worldbank.Org)},
correspondence_address1={Devezas, T.; Atlântica UniversityPortugal; email: tdevezas@uatlantica.pt},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
issn={25220985},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World-Systems. Evol. Glob. Futures.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yan2022371,
author={Yan, S. and Yao, X. and Ma, B.},
title={Chinese transnational corporations in the Ukraine crisis: risk perception and mitigation},
journal={Transnational Corporations Review},
year={2022},
volume={14},
number={4},
pages={371-381},
doi={10.1080/19186444.2022.2144082},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142158131&doi=10.1080%2f19186444.2022.2144082&partnerID=40&md5=a5b0be91f15cf017c7108defd33ff94c},
affiliation={Institute of International Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan Development Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China},
abstract={As the most consequential geopolitical event in the post-Cold War era, the Ukraine Crisis has given rise to intensive debates over the impacts of geopolitics on the operation of transnational corporations. While lots of attention has been paid to the impacts of the crisis on global economies and business operations, there is still limited understanding of how Chinese transnational corporations (CTCs) perceive and respond to the geopolitical risks associated with the Ukraine crisis. This article contributes to the literature by studying the risk perceptions and mitigations of CTCs towards the Ukraine crisis. It argues that CTCs’ risk perceptions have centred on three aspects, including the Russia-Ukraine war itself, the sanctions imposed by western countries and the possible deterioration of China-EU-US relations. Based on these risk perceptions, CTCs have turned to diversified strategies to mitigate the geopolitical risks linked with the Ukraine crisis, with low-profile compliance being the dominant strategy among CTCs. © 2022 Denfar Transnational Development INC.},
author_keywords={China;  Chinese Transnational Corporations;  EU;  geopolitical risk;  Russia;  Ukraine crisis;  US},
references={(2022), https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2022/AIIB-Statement-on-war-in-Ukraine.html, AIIB Statement on war Ukraine [Press release]. Retrieved from; Arnold, A., If Russia Invades Ukraine, Sanction China (2022) Foreign Policy, , https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/17/russia-ukraine-china-united-states-secondary-sanctions-putin-xi/a; Caldara, D., Iacoviello, M., (2018), Measuring geopolitical risk., International Finance Discussion Papers,. Retrieved from; (2022), https://www.forbes.ru/tekhnologii/461929-huawei-otpravil-cast-sotrudnikov-rossijskogo-ofisa-v-otpusk-na-mesac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp, April 9). Huawei отправил часть сотрудников российского офиса в отпуск на месяц., Forbes Russia,. Retrieved from Скобелев Юзбекова; (2022), https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_22_2221, Statement by President von der Leyen at the joint press conference with President Michel following the EU-China Summit via videoconference [Press release]. Retrieved from; (2022), https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7314, H.R.7314-AXIS Act,. US 117th Congress (2021–2022) Retrieved from; Erlanger, S., (2022), https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/01/world/europe/eu-europe-china-summit-ukraine-russia-trade.html, April 1). Europe Asks China Not to Aid Russia’s War Ukraine., The New York Times,. Retrieved from; Feng, C., (2022), https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3168398/chinese-tech-firms-including-xiaomi-oppo-fear-ukraine-operations, Chinese tech firms including Xiaomi, Oppo fear Ukraine operations could become casualty of Russian invasion., SCMP,. Retrieved from; Feng, C., Jiang, Y., (2022), https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3168398/chinese-tech-firms-including-xiaomi-oppo-fear-ukraine-operations, February 25). Chinese tech firms including Xiaomi, Oppo fear Ukraine operations could become casualty of Russian invasion., SCMP., Retrieved from; Gabuev, A., (2016), https://carnegiemoscow.org/2016/04/26/did-western-sanctions-affect-sino-russian-economic-ties-pub-63461, Did Western Sanctions affect Sino-Russian Economic Ties?, Retrieved from Moscow; Gong, X., Sun, Y., Du, Z., Geopolitical risk and China’s oil security (2022) Energy Policy, 163, p. 112856; (2022), https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/foreign-secretarys-mansion-house-speech-at-the-lord-mayors-easter-banquet-the-return-of-geopolitics, The return of geopolitics: Foreign Secretary’s Mansion House speech at the Lord Mayor’s 2022 Easter Banquet., Retrieved from; Huang, E., (2022), https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/08/asia-markets-russia-ukraine-war-currencies-oil.html, March 7). Mainland Chinese stocks lead losses Asia amid continued investor caution over Russia-Ukraine war., CNBC,. Retrieved from; Kirton, D., (2022), https://www.reuters.com/technology/chinese-drone-maker-dji-suspends-business-activities-russia-ukraine-2022-04-26/, April 27). China’s DJI halts Russia, Ukraine sales to prevent use of its drones combat., Reuters., Retrieved from; Kleinman, M., (2022), https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-huawei-uk-directors-olisa-and-cahn-quit-over-stance-on-russian-invasion-12561638, March 9). Ukraine war: Huawei UK directors Olisa and Cahn quit over stance on Russian invasion., Sky News,. Retrieved from; (2022), https://iz.ru/1314179/valerii-kodachigov/kitaiskoe-predubezhdenie-huawei-otkazalas-ot-novykh-kontraktov-v-rf, April 1). Китайское предубеждение: Huawei отказалась от новых контрактов в РФ., Валерий Кодачигов,. Retrieved from Кодачигов; Kuchins, A.C., What is Eurasia to US (the US)? (2018) Journal of Eurasian Studies, 9, pp. 125-133; Li, J., (2022), https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3172943/chinese-tech-firms-see-warning-shot-us-sanctions-singaporean-firm, April 4). Chinese tech firms see warning shot from US sanctions on Singaporean firm, but enforcement could be challenging., SCMP., Retrieved from; Li, W., (2022), Western Economic Sanctions against Russia the Context of Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Contents, Characteristics and Impacts., Retrieved from Beijing; McMorrow, R., Gross, A., Ivanova, P., Hille, K., (2022), https://www.ft.com/content/3c3c1db5-21d5-45e7-85a8-d5d25cc9ad7b, March 31). Huawei faces dilemma over Russia links that risk further US sanctions., Financial Times,. 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China’s top chip maker SMIC keeping a low profile after US warning over Russian sanctions., SCMP,. Retrieved from; (2022), https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/chinas-business-economic-interests-ukraine-2022-02-23/, Factbox: China’s business and economic interests Ukraine., Reuters,. Retrieved from; (2022), https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/china-russia-trade-has-surged-countries-grow-closer-2022-03-01/, March 1). Factbox: China-Russia trade has surged as countries grow closer., Reuters., Retrieved from; Ribeiro, T.V., (2022), https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-05/chinese-trader-cofco-s-sunflower-oil-plant-near-mariupol-damaged, April 6). Chinese Trader Cofco’s sunflower oil plant near mariupol damaged., Bloomberg,. Retrieved from; (2022), https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3169407/russias-war-ukraine-it-has-be-china-mediator-eu-foreign-policy, Russia’s war on Ukraine: ‘It has to be China’ as mediator, EU foreign policy chief says. 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(2022) Shanghai Observer, , https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=467098, Retrieved from},
correspondence_address1={Ma, B.; Institute of International Studies, China; email: mabin@fudan.edu.cn; Yao, X.; Institute of International Studies, China; email: yaoxu@fudan.edu.cn},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={19186444},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Transnatl. Corp. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liadze2022,
author={Liadze, I. and Macchiarelli, C. and Mortimer-Lee, P. and Sanchez Juanino, P.},
title={Economic costs of the Russia-Ukraine war},
journal={World Economy},
year={2022},
doi={10.1111/twec.13336},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140068741&doi=10.1111%2ftwec.13336&partnerID=40&md5=ae38431e044f66bce6bad7341ba6b2ae},
affiliation={National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, United Kingdom; Brunel University, London, United Kingdom; London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={The unprovoked and brutal invasion of Ukraine by Russia on 24 February 2022 is imposing a terrible human cost. In this paper, we use the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM) to quantify the impact of the war on the global economy. The war represents a massive cost, equivalent to 1% of global GDP in 2022, or about $1.5 trillion valued at purchasing power parity exchange rates (PPP), compared with our GDP forecast made at the beginning of 2022. Europe is the region affected most, given trade links its proximity to Ukraine and Russia and its reliance on energy and food supplies from those countries. GDP in Europe is expected to shrink by more than 1% in 2022 compared with our forecast at the beginning of 2022. In Western Europe, Germany will be worst affected, followed by France and Italy. GDP in ‘Developing Europe’, where Ukraine is the largest representative, is expected to shrink by 30%. The war will also add about 2% to global inflation in 2022 and 1% in 2023, compared with NIESR's inflation projection at the beginning of 2022. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
author_keywords={global economy;  Russia–Ukraine;  war},
funding_details={Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of NewfoundlandInstitute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, ISER},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.},
references={Bachmann, R., Baqaee, D., Bayer, C., Kuhn, M., Löschel, A., Moll, B., Peichl, A., Schularick, M., (2022) What if? The economic effects for Germany of a stop of energy imports from Russia, , ECONtribute Policy Brief 028; Brunnermeier, M., James, H., Landau, J.-P., (2022) Sanctions and the international monetary system, VoxEU.org, 5 April, , https://voxeu.org/article/sanctions-and-international-monetary-system; Chepeliev, M., Hertel, H., van der Mensbrugghe, D., Cutting Russia's fossil fuel exports: Short-term pain for long-term gain (2022) The World Economy, pp. 1-30. , https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13301; D'Albis, H., Boubtane, E., Coulibaly, D., Macroeconomic evidence suggests that asylum seekers are not a “burden” for Western European countries (2018) Science Advances, 4 (6). , https://doi.org/10.1126/Sciadv.Aaq0883; Deng, M., Leippold, M., Wagner, A., Wang, Q., (2022) Stock prices and the Russia-Ukraine war: Sanctions, energy and ESG, , Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper 22–29; Ersoy, E., War in Ukraine: what are the options for Europe's energy supply? (2022) The Economic Observatory, , https://www.economicsobservatory.com/war-in-ukraine-what-are-the-options-for-europes-energy-supply; Federle, J., Meier, A., Müller, G., Sehn, V., (2022) Proximity to war: The stock market response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, , CEPR Discussion Paper 17185; Gunnella, V., Jarvis, V., Morris, R., Tóth, M., Natural gas dependence and risks to euro area activity (2022) ECB Economic Bulletin, (Issue 1/2022), pp. 46-51; Hantzsche, A., Lopresto, M., Young, G., Using NiGEM in uncertain times: Introduction and overview of NiGEM (2018) National Institute Economic Review, 244, pp. R1-R14. , https://doi.org/10.1177/002795011824400109; Kenc, T., (2022) Turkey's unorthodox monetary policy, pp. 28-31. , National Institute Global Economic Outlook – Winter 2022 (Box B), February; Kilian, L., Zhou, X., (2021) The impact of rising oil prices on U.S. inflation and inflation expectations in 2020–23, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, , https://doi.org/10.24149/wp2116, Working Paper 2116; Liadze, I., Macchiarelli, C., Sanchez Juanino, P., (2022) Re-evaluating the economic costs of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in NiGEM, NiGEM topical feature I, Spring; Liadze, I., Macchiarelli, C., Sanchez Juanino, P., Mortimer-Lee, P., (2022) The economic costs of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, , https://www.niesr.ac.uk/publications/economic-costs-russia-ukraine-conflict?type=policy-papers, NIESR Policy Paper, 32; Macchiarelli, C., The Ukraine war intensifies the dilemma facing monetary policymakers by simultaneously harming growth and exacerbating already high inflation (2022) LSE British Politics and Policy, , https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/ukraine-war-niesr/, March 28th; Macchiarelli, C., Naisbitt, B., Boshoff, J., Hurst, I., Liadze, I., Mao, X., Sanchez Juanino, P., Thamotheram, C., Global economic outlook – Inflation: Central Bank on it (2022) National Institute Economic Review, , https://www.niesr.ac.uk/publications/inflation-central-bank-on-it?type=global-economic-outlook, 259, Winter; Mamonov, M., Pestova, A., (2021) 'Sorry, You're blocked.' Economic effects of financial sanctions on the Russian economy, , CERGE-EI Working Paper Series 704; Mearsheimer, J.J., Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order (2019) International Security, 43 (4), pp. 7-50. , https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00342; Millard, S., Shakir, T., (2013) Oil shocks and the UK economy: The changing nature of shocks and impact over time, Bank of England, , https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/working-paper/2013/oil-shocks-and-the-uk-economy-the-changing-nature-of-shocks-and-impact-over-time, Working Paper 476; Mortimer-Lee, P., (2022) US inflation: Is it back to the future?, pp. 21-27. , . National Institute Global Economic Outlook, Series B, 1, Winter; Mortimer-Lee, P., Patel, U.N., (2022) Gas prices and price controls, , National Institute UK Economic Outlook – Winter (Box C); Ockenfels, A., Tagliapietra, S., Wolff, G.B., (2022) Cutting Putin's energy rent: ‘Smart sanctioning’ Russian oil and gas – Three ways Europe could limit Russian oil and gas revenues, 11 April, Bruegel, , https://www.bruegel.org/2022/04/cutting-putins-energy-rent-smart-sanctioning-russian-oil-and-gas/; (2017) Migration policy debates, 13 January, , https://www.oecd.org/els/mig/migration-policy-debates-13.pdf; Pestova, A., Mamonov, M., Ongena, S., (2022) The price of war: Macroeconomic effects of the 2022 sanctions on Russia, VoxEU.org, 15 April, , https://voxeu.org/article/macroeconomic-effects-2022-sanctions-russia; Poitiers, N., Tagliapietra, S., Wolff, G.B., Zachmann, G., (2022) The Kremlin's gas wars – How Europe can protect itself from Russian blackmail, foreign affairs, February 27, , https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/slovenia/2022-02-27/kremlins-gas-wars; Seiler, P., (2022) The Ukraine war has raised long-term inflation expectations, VoxEU.org, 12 March, , https://voxeu.org/article/ukraine-war-has-raised-long-term-inflation-expectations},
correspondence_address1={Macchiarelli, C.; National Institute of Economic and Social ResearchUnited Kingdom; email: c.macchiarelli@niesr.ac.uk},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={03785920},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sakon2022182,
author={Sakon, Y.},
title={The Launch of the Volunteer Fleet: Late Imperial Russia and the "Empire Route"},
journal={Asian Review of World Histories},
year={2022},
volume={10},
number={2},
pages={182-204},
doi={10.1163/22879811-12340117},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139684027&doi=10.1163%2f22879811-12340117&partnerID=40&md5=07c7b948a2ddab2bb8c89530f92b6e40},
affiliation={School of Economics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan},
abstract={We examine the first decade that the Russian Volunteer Fleet, established due to the patriotic upsurge that followed the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, connected Odessa with the Russian Far East after 1879. We also discuss government support for Russian ships' passage through the Suez Canal, triggered by the opening of the Chinese and Indian routes of the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company in 1871. The history of shipping trade in late Imperial Russia gives us hints regarding the scarcely examined relations between Russia and the global economy. Using documents from the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg, we reveal what Russia's ruling politicians expected from maritime transportation. We argue that Russia's shipping network, despite its many foreign ports of call, developed to promote the consolidation and development of domestic maritime trade. Some involved in Russia's shipping trade thought that entering international trade was contrary to national interest. © 2022 Copyright 2022 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.},
author_keywords={maritime history;  Russian Empire;  Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company (ROPiT);  Suez Canal;  Volunteer Fleet},
references={Chernyshevskii, N.G., Chto sleduet sdelat’ ‘Russkomu Obshchestvu Parokhodstva i Torgovli? (1906) Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii N. G. Chernyshevskogo., 8. , Sovremennik 1861. St. Petersburg; Dmitrievskii, A.A., (1907) Imperatorskoe Pravoslavnoe Palestinskoe Obshchestvo I Ego Deiatel’Nost’ (1882–1907 Gg.), , ed. St. Petersburg; (1888) Vozrazhenie Na Doklad M. I. Kazi, , Fan-der-Flit, N. Odessa; Fedorov, E., Mikhail Il’ich Kazi. Biograficheskii ocherk (1897) Zapiski Imperatorskogo Russkogo Tekhnicheskogo Obshchestva, (11), pp. 1-38; Ilovaiskii, S.I., (1907) Istoricheskii Ocherk Piatidesiatiletiia Russkogo Obshchestva Parokhodstva I Torgovli, , ed, Odessa; (1875) Spisok Chlenam Obshchestva Dlia Sodeistviia Russkomu Torgovomu Morekhodstvu V 25-Mu Ianvaria 1875 Goda, , Imperatorskoe obshchestvo; (1879) Kratkii Otchet Ob Obshchem Sobranii Imperatorskogo Obshchestva Dlia Sodeistviia Russkomu Torgovomu Morekhodstvu 12-Go Dekabria 1878 Goda, , Imperatorskoe obshchestvo. Moscow; Kazi, M.I., (1888) Dobrovol’Nyi Flot I Russokoe Obshchestvo Parokhodstva I Torgovli Pered Gosudarstvom, , St. Petersburg; Kazi, M.I., Otvet na ‘vozrazheniia’ N. F. Fan-der-Flita (1888) Russkoe Sudokhodstvo, (49), pp. 3-46; Pobedonostsev, K.P., (1883) Pis’Ma Pobedonostseva K Aleksandru III; Podrezanov, I.I., Na Sakhalin i obratno (1881) Novorossiiskii Telegraf, (35). , 8 20 December 1881; (1903) Ocherk Vozniknoveniia I Deiatel’Nosti Dobrovol’Nogo Flota Za Vremia XXV-Ti Letnego Ego Sushchestvovaniia, , Poggenpol’, M. ed. St. Petersburg; Polovtsov, A.A., (1966) Dnevnik Gosudarstvennogo Sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova, 1, pp. 1883-1886. , Moscow; Shavrov, N., (1883) O Deiatel’Nosti Imperatorskogo Obshchestva Dlia Sodeistviia Russkomu Torgovomu Morekhodstvu V Basseine Chernogo Moria, , Moscow; (1887) Russkii Torgovyi Flot I Srochnoe Parokhodstvo Na Chernom I Azovskom Moriakh, , Skal’kovskii, K. St. Petersburg; Parokhodstvo na nashikh moriakh za 1890–1891 (1893) Russkoe Sudokhodstvo, p. 141. , i. 1893); Fleet, V., (1879) Rech’, Proiznesennaia G. Predsedatel’Stvovavshim V Sobranii Chrenov Uchreditelei Obshchestva Dobrovol’Nogo Flota 23 Maia 1879 Goda, , St. Petersburg; Fleet, V., (1887) Ocherk Kommercheskogo Polozheniia I Deiatel’Nosti 1880–1885, , Odessa; Fleet, V., (1916) Statistika Dvizheniia Gruzov I Passazhirov, , 1914. Petrograd; Farnie, D.A., (1969) East & West of Suez: The Suez Canal in History, 1854–1956, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Furuta, K., Kobe seen as part of the Shanghai trading network: The Role of Chinese Merchants in Re-export of Cotton Manufactures to Japan (2005) Japan, China, and The Growth of The Asian International Economy, 1850–1949, pp. 23-48. , edited by Kaoru Sugihara, Oxford: Oxford University Press; King, C., (2004) The Black Sea: A History, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mosse, W.E., Russia and the Levant, 1856–1862: Grand Duke Constantine Nicolaevich and the Russian Steam Navigation Company (1954) Journal of Modern History, 26 (1), pp. 39-48; Sakon, Y., Sergei Witte and the shipping associations: Rethinking the Russian empire from maritime viewpoint (2021) Changing Dynamics and Mechanisms of Maritime Asia in Comparative Perspectives, pp. 195-212. , edited by Shigeru Akita, Hong Liu, and Shiro Momoki, Singapore: Palgrave/MacMillan; Sorenson, T.C., The end of the volunteer fleet: Some evidence on the scope of Pobedonostsev’s power in Russia (1975) Slavic Review, 34 (1), pp. 131-137; Stanziani, A., Russian economic growth in global perspective (2016) Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 17 (1), pp. 151-162; Sugihara, K., Introduction (2005) Japan, China, and The Growth of The Asian International Economy, 1850–1949, pp. 1-19. , edited by Kaoru Sugihara, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Airapetov, O.P., (2018) Istoriia Vneshnei Politiki Rossiiskoi Imperii 1801–1914. Vneshniaia Politika Imperatorov Aleksandra II I Aleksandra III, , Moscow; Biankin, V.P., (1979) Russkoe Torgovoe Moreplavanie Na Dal’Nem Vostoke (1860–1925 Gg.), , Vladivostok; Firosov, S., (2016) Konstantin Pobedonostsev. Intellektual Vo Vlasti, , St. Petersburg. Iarovoi, 2010. Dobrovol’nyi flot. St. Petersburg; Kozhekina, M.T., Russkii Dobrovol’nyi flot: Sozdanie i stanovlenie, 1878–1900 (2003) Vostochnyi Arkhiv, (10), pp. 50-62. , 2003; Kozhekina, M.T., Dobrovol’nyi flot i razvitie ekonomicheskikh otnoshenii Rossii s Vostokom (2004) Vostochnyi Arkhiv, 11, pp. 95-106. , 2004; Krushanov, A.I., O razvitii torgovogo moreplavaniia na russkom Dal’nem Vostoke v poslednie chetverti XIX–nachale XX v (1960) Materialy Po Istoii Vladivostoka, 1, pp. 1860-1917. , Vladivostok; (2010) K. P. Pobedonostsev V Obshchestvenno-Politicheskoi I Dukhovnoi Zhizni Rossii, , Polunov, A. Iu. Moscow; Takenaka, Y., (2019) Mosakusuru Roshia Teikoku: Ōinaru Hiseioukokkano 19 Seikimatsu (The Russian Empire in The Making: A Great Non-Western European State at The End of The Nineteenth Century), , Osaka University Press},
correspondence_address1={Sakon, Y.; School of Economics, Japan; email: sakon.yukimura.112@m.kyushu-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={2287965X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Rev. World Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hura2022244,
author={Hura, J. and Al-Rabeei, S. and Korba, P. and Hovanec, M. and Pjurová, S. and Sekelová, I.},
title={Development of Startups During the Covid-19 Pandemic},
journal={Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST},
year={2022},
volume={445 LNICST},
pages={244-254},
doi={10.1007/978-3-031-15101-9_18},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 6th EAI International Conference on Future Access Enablers of Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures, FABULOUS 2022 ; Conference Date: 4 May 2022 Through 4 May 2022;  Conference Code:283529},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138836379&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-15101-9_18&partnerID=40&md5=916dbccd2d3f3ba4cd7d98fd05fcd005},
affiliation={Faculty of Aeronautics, Department of Aviation Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Rampová 7, Košice, 041 21, Slovakia},
abstract={Currently, both domestic and global economies are facing a crisis associated with a new pandemic such as the coronavirus SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19). Economic leaders are addressing and looking for effective tools to deal with this crisis and start the economy as soon as possible, while mitigating the effects of the crisis as much as possible. In view of these facts, new startups in various sectors of the economy will play an important role in economic growth. At the same time, the world is facing another crisis - the oil crisis, which began with a price war between Russia and other oil-producing countries, followed by a decline in fuel demand due to reduced traffic. In this situation, in which the world economy finds itself, it is possible to assume that new technologies in the form of startups will be among the key ones in starting the economy. This article should highlight how startups can currently help the economy recover and what new risks the current crisis has brought to them. The start-up scene has long been characterized by a high degree of flexibility and the ability to adapt quickly to a new situation. The last year has been very challenging for many industries from a business perspective, e-commerce and the digital environment in general have often seen tens of percent growth. According to experts, startups, which operate in the mentioned segments, have also successfully dealt with the crisis. © 2022, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.},
author_keywords={Global startup economy;  Startup;  Startup subsectors},
keywords={COVID-19;  Economics;  Facings;  Fuel economy, Coronaviruses;  Economic growths;  Effective tool;  Global economies;  Global startup economy;  Oil crisis;  Price war;  Startup;  Startup subsector;  Subsectors, Coronavirus},
references={Šrenkel, Ľ., (2015) What’s the Startup?, , https://www.podnikajte.sk/priprava-na-start/co-je-sta rtup; Al-Rabeei, S.A.S., Korba, P., Hovanec, M., Šváb, P., Rácek, B., Spodniak, M., Analysis of aviation pollution in the selected regions of the world (2021) Future Access Enablers for Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, Vol. 382, pp. 229-239. , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-784591_17, Perakovic, D., Knapcikova, L. (eds.) , Springer, Cham; (2020) Startup Project Management, , https://flow-e.com/startup-pro ject-management/; Corporate Finance Institute. What are Startup Valuation Methods? (2020), , https://corporate financeinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/valuation/startup-valuation-methods/; Ondrišek, M., (2016) Startups: What are they and How Do they Work?, , https://www.obcasn ecas.ukf.sk/2016/04/startupy-co-su-a-ako-funguju/; Startup genome. The Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2020 (GSER 2020) (2020). https://startupgenome.com/; Edenz, D., (2018) Why Startups are Important for Economic Growth of a Nation, , https://digitaledenz.com/why-startups-are-important-for-economic-growth-of-a-nation/; Pinto, J.E.: Equity Asset Valuation, 2nd edn., p. 441. Wiley, Hoboken (2010). ISBN 9780470571439; Hoffeld, D., (2020) 5 Insights from Behavioral Economics that Can Help Startups Succeed, , https://www.hoffeldgroup.com/5-insights-from-behavioral-economics-thatcan-help-startups-succeed/; Herman, D., (2020) Jumpstarting Customer Demand Starts with Government, , https://startupge nome.com/blog/jumpstarting-customer-demand-starts-with-government; Johnston, S.: Largest companies 2008 vs. 2018, a lot has changed (2018). https://milfordas set.com/insights/largest-companies-2008-vs-2018-lot-changed; (2020) Which Types of Economics Contribution Help New Start-Ups?, , https://yourstory.com/mystory/economics-contribution-help-new-start-ups, KDB VERSATILE; Labun, J., Krchňák, M., Kurdel, P., Češkovič, M., Nekrasov, A., Gamcová, M.: Possibilities of increasing the low altitude measurement precision of airborne radio altimeters. Electronics 7(9), 191 (2018). ISSN 2079-9292; Little, W., (2020) How to Generate Startup Ideas, , https://www.startuprocket.com/articles/howto-generate-startup-ideas; Moira, A., (2019) How to Manage a Startup 6Tips, , https://www.techrepublic.com/article/howto-manage-a-startup-6-tips/; Startup genome. The Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2021 (2021) https://startupgenome. com/report/gser2021; Mggowan, E., (2018) 10 Real-World Startup Valuation Methods, , https://www.startups.com/lib rary/expert-advice/startup-valuation-methods; (2020) Nipapan Poonsatiansap CFP. How to Build a Successful Startup Business, , https://www.scb.co.th/en/personal-banking/stories/business-tips-for-successful-startup.html; Nasser Stéphane. 9 methods of startup valuation explained (2017). https://www.techinasia. com/talk/9-method-startup-valuation; Riani, A., (2020) 5 Decisions that Will Increase Your Chances of Building a Successful Startup, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/abdoriani/2020/09/19/5-decisions-that-will-inc rease-your-chances-of-building-a-successful-startup/?sh=29d9e3af21a3; Richards, R., (2019) How to Value a Startup Company with No Revenu, , https://masschallenge. org/article/how-to-value-a-startup-company-with-no-revenue; StartupDecisions.com.sg. Managing Startup Risks – An Entrepreneur’s Guide (2019). https://www.startupdecisions.com.sg/startups/launch-and-growth/startup-risk-management/; Kale, U., Herrera, M., Nagy, A.: Examining pragmatic failure and other language-related risks in global aviation. Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol. 93(8), 1313–1322 (2021). https://doi. org/10.1108/AEAT-03-2021-0081; Schubarth, C.: Why do startups fail? Here are the top 20 reasons (2014). https://www.bizjou rnals.com/sanjose/news/2014/09/25/why-do-startups-fail-here-are-the-top-20-reasons.html? page=all. Accessed 15 Feb 2021; Vital, A., (2015) Funders and Founders. 24 Startup Ideas that Investors are Begging to Fund, , https://www.businessinsider.com/24-startup-ideas-that-vcs-are-begging-to-fund-2015-4},
correspondence_address1={Al-Rabeei, S.; Faculty of Aeronautics, Rampová 7, Slovakia; email: Samer.al-rabeei@tuke.sk},
editor={Perakovic D., Knapcikova L.},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={18678211},
isbn={9783031151002},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lect. Notes Inst. Comput. Sci. Soc. Informatics Telecommun. Eng.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Halmai202219,
author={Halmai, P.},
title={COVID-19 Crisis and Supply Side Bottlenecks in the EU. Shorter and Longer Term Prospects},
journal={Montenegrin Journal of Economics},
year={2022},
volume={18},
number={4},
pages={19-30},
doi={10.14254/1800-5845/2022.18-4.2},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137374426&doi=10.14254%2f1800-5845%2f2022.18-4.2&partnerID=40&md5=37968d66b5bb4be13df23ccaa35bf91d},
affiliation={National University of Public Service, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary},
abstract={The COVID-19 shock affected the global economy mainly through the col-lapse of demand, labour supply and industrial output, supply chains, commodity prices, international trade and capital flows. From the second half of 2020, various bottlenecks (logistical disruptions; shortages of raw materials and parts) in the EU economy have had a growing impact on growth. Following the recurrent pandemic shocks, the war shock has caused further severe supply-side disruptions from February 2022 onwards, in particular in raw materials markets (including energy sources and agricultural raw materials) and international logistics. Supply shortages in the EU have not only a one-off but also a ripple effect throughout the economy. Spill-over effects across Member States are of great importance. Together, the shortages of production inputs can have a significant negative impact on output and the recovery of the economy. At the same time, supply-side shocks can have a significant impact on the restructuring of supply chains, the deepening of green and digital transformation, and productivity growth. © 2022, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={bottlenecks;  global supply chains;  resilience of supply chains;  supply shock;  supply shortages},
funding_details={Magyar Tudományos AkadémiaMagyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA, 2021-25},
funding_text 1={The study is made within the research programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences focused on post-COVID. (No. 2021-25).},
funding_text 2={ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The study was supported by the University of Public Service, Economy and Competitiveness Research Institute.},
references={Axioglou, Christos, Wozniak, Przemyslaw, (2022) The impact of shortages on manufacturing in the EU: Evidence from the Business and Consumer Surveys, , https://voxeu.org/arti-cle/impact-shortages-manufacturing-eu, VoxEU.org, 18 January; Baldwin, R., Freeman, R., (2020) Supply Chain Contagion Waves: Thinking Ahead on Manufacturing Contagion and Reinfection from the COVID Concussion, , https://voxeu.org/arti-cle/covid-concussion-and-supply-chain-contagion-waves, VoxEU.org, 1 April; Baker, S.R., Bloom, N., Davis, S.J., Terry, S.J., (2020) COVID-induced economic uncertainty, , https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26983/w26983.pdf, NBER Working Paper 26983, April; Barro, R. J., Ursúa, J. F., Weng, J., (2020) The coronavirus and the Great Influenza Pandemic: lessons from the ‘Spanish flu’ for the coronavirus’ potential effects on mortality and economic activity, , https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26866/w26866.pdf, NBER Working Paper 26866; Boissay, F., Rungcharoenkitkul, P., (2020) Macroeconomic effects of Covid-19: an early review, , https://www.bis.org/publ/bisbull19.pdf, BIS Bulletin 7, April 17; Bonadio, B., Huo, Z., Levchenko, A.A., Pandalai-Nayar, N., Global supply chains in the pandemic (2020), https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27224/w27224.pdf, NBER Working Paper 27224; Canton, E., Colasanti, F., Durán, J., Garrone, M., Hobza, A., Simons, W., Vandeplas, A., The Sec-toral Impact of the COVID–19 Crisis: An Unprecedented & Atypical Crisis (2021) EU Economic and Financial Affairs, Economic Brief, 69. , https://ec.europa.eu/info/system/files/economy-finance/eb069_en.pdf; Carvalho, V.M., Nirei, M., Saito, Y.U., Tahbaz-Salehi, A., Supply Chain Disruptions: Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake (2021) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 136 (2), pp. 1255-1321; Christensen, A.K., Maravalle, A., Rawdanowicz, L., The increase in bank deposits during the COVID-19 crisis: Possible drivers and implications (2020), https://oecdecoscope.blog/2020/12/10/the-increase-in-bank-deposits-during-the-covid-19-crisis-possible-drivers-and-implications/, ECOSCOPE (OECD), December 10; Davenport, A., Joyce, R., Rasul, I., Waters, T., Spending and saving during the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from bank account data (2020), IFS Briefing Note 308 (Institute for Fiscal Studies), October; Dossche, M., Zlatanos, S., COVID-19 and the increase in household savings: precautionary or forced? (2020) ECB Economic Bulletin, 6. , https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/economic-bulletin/focus/2020/html/ecb.ebbox202006_05~d36f12a192.en.html; (2021) European Economic Forecast Autumn 2021, , European Commission European Economy Institutional Paper 160, DG ECFIN, Brussels; (2022) European Economic Interim Forecast Winter 2022, , European Commission European Economy Institutional Paper 169, DG ECFIN, Brussels; Forsythe, E., Kahn, L.B., Lange, F., Witzer, D., Labor demand in the time of COVID-19: evidence from vacancy postings and UI claims (2020) Journal of Public Economics, 189, p. 104238. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7357497/, September, Article; Georgieva, K., Celasun, O., Kemmer, A., Supply Disruptions Add to Inflation, Undermine Recovery in Europe (2022) IMF Blog, , https://blogs.imf.org/2022/02/17/supply-disruptions-add-to-inflation-undermine-recovery-in-europe/, February 17; Halmai, P., COVID-crisis and economic growth: Tendencies on potential growth in the European Union (2021) Acta Oeconomica, 71 (S1), pp. 165-186; Hu, X., Ocloo, C.E., Akaba, S., Worwui-Brown, D., Effects of business to business e-commerce adoption on competitive advantage of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (2019) Economics and Sociology, 12 (1), pp. 80-99; Huszka, P., Karácsony, P., Juhász, T., The coronavirus’s effect on the decisions and habits of food purchases in Hungary (2022) Journal of International Studies, 15 (1), pp. 149-167; Javorcik, B., “Global supply chains will not be the same in the post-COVID-19 world (2020) COVID-19 and Trade Policy: Why Turning Inward Won’t Work, pp. 111-116. , https://voxeu.org/system/files/epublication/Covid-19_and_Trade_Policy.pdf, Baldwin, R. E., Evenett, S. J. (eds) CEPR Press; Kataryniuk, I., del Rio, A., Santchez Carretero, C., Euro area manufacturing bottlenecks, Banco de Espana (2021) Economic Bulletin 3. Quarterly report on the Spanish economy, , https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/InformesBoletinesRevistas/BoletinEconomico/Informe%20trimestral/21/Recuadros/Files/be2103-it-Box3.pdf; Leduc, S., Liu, Z., Uncertainty shocks are aggregate demand shocks (2016) Journal of Monetary Eco-nomics, 82, pp. 20-35; (2020) COVID-19 and global value chains: Policy options to build more resilient production net-works, , https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/covid-19-and-global-value-chains-policy-options-to-build-more-resilient-production-networks-04934ef4/, OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus, 3 June; Roshchyk, I., Oliinyk, O., Mishchuk, H., Bilan, Y., IT Products, E-Commerce, and Growth: Analysis of Links in Emerging Market (2022) Transformations in Business & Economics, 21 (1), pp. 209-227; Setyaningsih, S., Kelle, P., Barrier factors of supply chain management implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises: Evidence from Hungary and Indonesia (2021) Economics and Sociology, 14 (4), pp. 73-88},
correspondence_address1={Halmai, P.; National University of Public Service, Hungary; email: halmai.peter@gtk.bme.hu},
publisher={Economic Laboratory for Transition Research},
issn={18005845},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Montenegrin J. Economics},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Furse2022,
author={Furse, T.},
title={The political economy of US maritime strategy in the Indo-Pacific},
journal={Pacific Review},
year={2022},
doi={10.1080/09512748.2022.2111455},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135915746&doi=10.1080%2f09512748.2022.2111455&partnerID=40&md5=e96dd45e0cd700e8ac236a8ff988c125},
affiliation={International Politics, City University of London, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={Political economy impacts and influences a state's military strategy. This article focuses on how the integration of the US political economy in the Indo-Pacific drives US Navy officers and the broader national security state to establish the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP). Investigating the strategic thought of senior Naval officers shows that they think far beyond military threats and engage with the United States and the Indo-Pacific political economy. Even as the US Navy competes with China's military, its FOIP strategy benefits corporate elites in both China and the US, whose cooperation creates a mutually supportive economic relationship. This argument leads to the finding that the US hegemony in the region is a strategy that avoids a bipolar 'New Cold War' of an entirely de-coupled US and China. The FOIP supported by the US Navy continues to integrate China into regional and global economies, even as it attempts to push back against China by gathering allies and partners. The emphasis on international political economy highlights how the region is a network of 'patchwork' relations, where states rely on one another for economic prosperity. Through investigating speeches and strategic papers from US Naval officials, this paper demonstrates how the US competes and cooperates with China in the context of relations in the region that are in constant flux. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={China;  Indo-Pacific;  political economy;  United States;  US Navy},
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correspondence_address1={Furse, T.; International Politics, United Kingdom; email: Thomas.furse@city.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={09512748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pac. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Braunerhjelm202261,
author={Braunerhjelm, P. and Lappi, E.},
title={COVID-19, Schumpeter, and the Size of the Market},
journal={International Studies in Entrepreneurship},
year={2022},
volume={54},
pages={61-85},
doi={10.1007/978-3-031-04655-1_5},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134689155&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-04655-1_5&partnerID=40&md5=429e287a1843bb6b452d8ab04f1442e4},
affiliation={Department of Industrial Economics and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum, Stockholm, Sweden; Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden; Department of Strategy and Innovation, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark},
abstract={During the first quarter of 2020, the global economy was rapidly hit by a pandemic which led to state-wide lockdowns and the worst economic crisis since the World War II. Both the supply and the demand sides of economies were severely affected, followed by a dramatic dip in global GDP. As a response, policymakers introduced an unprecedented number of interventions to back up employees, firms, and industries to counteract the collapsing markets. Our main objective is to explore how these fundamental policy interventions are likely to influence the future potential and functioning of markets. Historically swings in the pendulum favoring either market-based solutions or more regulated public sectors have coincided with disruptive crises. The overall question is what will happen during post-COVID-19, will governments withdraw their crisis policies and how will a possible retreat be organized? Are we entering an era of permanently increased governmental interventions? More precisely, we identify three specific threats to the market-oriented economy: the extension and development of governmental expenditures, protectionistic measures, and the level of state aid and the degree of competition at markets. We are particularly interested in the effect of the COVID-19 measures, and their possible extension, on Schumpeterian dynamics, both in terms of entry and exits (Schumpeter I) and how the position of large firms will be affected (Schumpeter II). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Competition;  Fiscal framework;  Market economy;  Public sector;  Size of government;  Size of market;  State aid;  State intervention},
references={Acemoglu, D., Restrepo, P., Artificial intelligence, automation and work, NBER WP, 24196 (2018) NBER; Aghion, P., Antonin, C., Bunel, S., (2021) The Power of Creative Destruction, , Harvard University Press; Beckmann, M., The size of the market (2017) Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 18, pp. 1-9; Blanchard, O., Leandro, A., Zettelmeyer, J., (2020) Revisiting the EU Fiscal Framework in an Era of Low Interest Rates, , https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/s3-p_blanchard_et_al_0.pdf; Braunerhjelm, P., Plattformsföretag: Välsignelse eller förbannelse? Konkurrens, innovation och användarnytta (Plattform companies: Blessing or curse?) (2020) Svensk Konkurrenskraft. Hur Kan Sverige säkerställa Ett långsiktigt välstånd? Swedish Economic Forum Report 2020. Entreprenökapsforum, , J. Eklund & P. Thulin (Eds.); Braunerhjelm, P., Rethinking stabilization policies; including supply-side measures and entrepreneurial processes, small business economics (2021) Online Version; Buchanan, J., (1967) Public Finance in Democratic Process: Fiscal Institutions and Individual Choice, , UNC Press; Crémer, J., de Montjoye, Y.-A., Schweitzer, H., (2019) Competition for the Digital Era, , report to the commission. Directorate-General for Competition, Bryssel; Darvas, Z., Martin, P., Ragot, X., European fiscal rules require a major overhaul (2018) Policy Contribution18, , Brueghel, Brussels; de Grauwe, P., Ji, Y., (2018) April, p. 19. , Financial engineering will not stabilise an unstable euro area, VoxEU.org; Decker, R., Haltiwanger, J., Jarmin, R., Miranda, J., Declining business dynamism: What we know and the way forward (2016) American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 106, pp. 203-207; (2017) Reflection Paper on the Deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union, , https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/reflection-paper-deepening-economic-and-mone tary-union_en; (2017) Annual Report, , European Commission; (2019) Annual Report, , European Commission; (2020) Annual Report, , European Commission; Eyraud, L., Gaspar, V., Poghosyan, T., Fiscal policies in the euro area (2017) IMF Elibrary, , https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2017/018/article-A001-en.xml; Feld, L., Schmidt, C., Schnabel, I., Wieland, V., (2018) Refocusing the European Fiscal Framework, , https://voxeu.org/article/refocusing-european-fiscal-framework; Times, F., July 28) (2021) EU Economy Chief Urges End to ‘muddling through’ with Budget Rules; Times, F., September 19) (2021) Big Tech Companies Snap up Smaller Rivals at Record Pace; Fornaro, L., Wolf, M., (2020) COVID-19 Coronavirus and Macroeconomic Policy, , https://ssrn.com/abstract¼3560337, CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP14529. Available at SSRN; Furman, J., Coyle, D., Fletcher, A., Marsden, P., Och McAuley, D. (2019). Unlocking digital competition, report of the digital competition expert panel. www.gov.uk/government/ publications; Towards a forward-looking economic policy (2017) Annual Report 2017/2018; Setting the right course for economic policy (2018) Annual Report 2018/19; Guerrieri, V., Lorenzoni, G., Straub, L., Werning, I., (2020) Macroeconomic Implications of COVID-19: Can Negative Supply Shocks Cause Demand Shortages? NBER WP 6918, , NBER; Naude, W., (2019) The Extinction of Entrepreneurs; Tackling coronavirus (COVID-19): Contributing to a global effort. SME policy responses (2020) OECD; Government at a glance (2021) OECD; Phillipon, T., (2019) The Great Reversal: How America Gave up on Free Markets, , Harvard University Press; Pigou, A.C., (1938) The Economics of Welfare, , Macmillan; Piraino, T.A., Reconciling the Harvard and Chicago schools: A new antitrust approach for the 21st century (2007) Indiana Law Journal, 82, pp. 345-409; Pisani-Ferry, J., (2018) Euro Area Reform: An Anatomy of the Debate, , CEPR; Reinhart, C.M., Rogoff, K.S., (2009) This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, , Princeton University Press; Scott Morton, F., Nierenberg, T.Y., Bouvier, P., Ezrachi, A., Jullien, B., Katz, R., Kimmelman, G., Och Morgenstern, J., Market structure and antitrust subcommittee, Committee for the Study of digital platforms, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State (2019) University of Chicago Booth; Stigler, G., The theory of economic regulation (1971) Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2, pp. 3-21; Bank, W., (2020) Overview?%3 Aembed¼y&%3Ai Sguest Redi R Ect Fr Omvi Zpor T Al ¼y&%3Adi S Pl Ay_Count ¼n&%3 as Howappbanner ¼f Al S e&%3Aor I Gi n¼vi Z_S Har E_L I nk&%3As Howvi zHome¼n& fbclid¼IwAR0vfwIVUpPgT9qn7w9473B7hyi8mVlB4PZVkosOLRJCQR6NgS1ZJPeR5qM, , https://dataviz.worldbank.org/views/SME-COVID19/},
correspondence_address1={Braunerhjelm, P.; Swedish Entrepreneurship ForumSweden; email: pontus.braunerhjelm@indek.kth.se},
publisher={Springer},
issn={15721922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud. Entrep.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Solar2022250,
author={Solar, P.M.},
title={The Long- Term Effects of the French and Napoleonic Wars on the Global Economy},
journal={Library of Economic History},
year={2022},
volume={15},
pages={250-280},
doi={10.1163/9789004472754_010},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134353469&doi=10.1163%2f9789004472754_010&partnerID=40&md5=26f7783bd1b4353a37d414266de5fd01},
abstract={This chapter examines changes in shipping, trade and movements of labour and capital in order to discover whether the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars had long-term effects on the economic relations between Europe and the rest of the world. Except for booming trade in cotton and indigo, consequences of industrialization rather than war, the structure of intercontinental trade remained much the same. Britain and the United States took a larger share, but it is an open question whether faster growth in trade after the wars was more than just recovery from its wartime depression. The demise of East India companies, Latin American independence and British naval hegemony, all at least partly consequences of war, should have increased trade, but the debts arising from wars and independence struggles led to rising taxes on imports. As far as intercontinental movements of labour, the wars, by occupying young men in the military and raising passage costs, may have retarded the rise of mass migration of free labour to the New World. The slave trade, though abolished by Britain and some other countries during the war, proved remarkably resilient after the wars. The collapse of the Spanish empire may have undermined the world silver standard. © 2022 Brill Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={capital movements;  colonies;  Global economy;  migration;  slave trade;  trade},
funding_text 1={The wars may have retarded, then accelerated the Company’s eventual exit from trading activities. The Company’s charter came up for renewal in 1793 and again in 1813. In 1793 a concern for stability in the face of the revolution in France and the imminence of war probably influenced the government’s decision to renew the monopoly, though the Company had to make some concessions to private traders. By 1813, a number of developments, some war-related, led to the loss of the Company’s monopoly on trade with India (Webster 2009). The costs of military activity in India had driven up the Company’s indebtedness; no longer a cash cow, it had become a burden on the Exchequer. The exigencies of supply during wartime led to a shift in the government’s stance toward privileged monopolies. Policy-makers became more concerned with meeting the needs of British industry, including opening new markets and securing supplies of cheap raw materials. This changing stance was supported by increasingly vocal lobbies of merchants and industrialists in provincial Britain and of merchants in India.},
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Latin American tariffs from independence to the Great Depression (2004) Journal of Latin American Studies, 36 (2), pp. 205-232; Cohn, R.L., (2009) Mass Migration Under Sail, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Statistics of Spain’s colonial trade, 1747–1820: New estimates and comparisons with Great Britain (2008) Revista De Historia Economica, 26 (3), pp. 323-365. , Cuenca Estaban, Javier; Davis, R., (1979) The Industrial Revolution and British Overseas Trade, , Leicester: Leicester University Press; The limits of globalization in the early modern world (2010) Economic History Review, 63 (3), pp. 710-733. , de Vries, Jan; Globalization in the early modern era: New evidence from the Dutch-Asiatic trade, c.1600–1800 (2016) Journal of Economic History, 76 (2), pp. 520-558; Deerr, N., (1949) The History of Sugar, , 2 vols, London: Chapman & Hall; Denzel, M., The price of minimalizing the risks at sea: The Hamburg Marine Insurance Rates in the 18th and Early 19th Century (2017) The Price of Things in Pre-Industrial Times, pp. 365-383. , Florence: Firenze University Press; Edelson, S.D., (1994) Colour and Enterprise: South Carolina Indigo and The Atlantic Economy,, pp. 1745-1795. , M.Litt. diss., University of Oxford; Edling, M.M., (2015) A Hercules in The Cradle: War, Money, and The American State, 1783–1867, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Egnal, M., (1998) New World Economies: The Growth of The Thirteen Colonies and Early Canada, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ellison, T., (1886) The Cotton Trade of Great Britain, , London: E. 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V1. , Doino:21950/HPW2AK, e-cienciaDatos; Fichter, J.R., (2010) So Great A Proffit: How The East Indies Trade Transformed Anglo-American Capitalism, , Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; (2007) Power and Plenty: Trade, War and The World Economy in The Second Millennium, , Princeton: Princeton University, Press; Flandreau, M., Flores, J.H., Bonds and brands: Foundations of the sovereign debt market, 1820–1830 (2009) Journal of Economic History, 69 (3), pp. 646-684; Glete, J., (1993) Navies and Nations: Warships, Navies and State Building in Europe and America, 1500–1860, , Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell; Haines, M.R., Steckel, R.H., (2000) A Population History of North America, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Headrick, D.R., (1981) The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in The Nineteenth Century, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hejeebu, S., The colonial transition and the decline of the East India Company, c.1746–1784 (2016) A New Economic History of Colonial India, pp. 33-51. , edited by Latika Chaudhary, Bishnupriya Gupta, Tirthankar Roy and Anand Swamy,. 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(2002) European Review of Economic History, 6 (1), pp. 23-50; Olmstead, A., Rhode, P., Biological innovation and productivity growth in the antebellum cotton economy (2008) Journal of Economic History, 68 (4), pp. 1123-1171; Oosterlinck, K., Ureche-Rangau, L., Vaslin, J.-M., Baring, Wellington and the Resurrection of French Public Finances following Waterloo (2004) Journal of Economic History, 74 (4), pp. 1072-1102; Romano, R., Per una valutazione della flotta mercantile europea alla fine del secolo XVIII (1962) Studi in Onore Di Amintore Fanfani, 5, pp. 575-591. , Five volumes, Milan: Giuffré; Satia, P., (2018) Empire of Guns: The Violent Making of The Industrial Revolution, , London: Duckworth Overlook; Solar, P.M., Why Ireland starved and the big issues in pre-famine Irish economic history (2015) Irish Economic and Social History, 42, pp. 62-75; Solar, P.M., Opening to the east: Shipping between Europe and Asia, 1770–1830 (2013) Journal of Economic History, 73 (3), pp. 625-661; Sugihara, K., Kawamura, T., Introduction: Reconstructing intra-Southeast Asian trade, c.1781–1870: Evidence of regional integration under the regime of colonial free trade (2013) Southeast Asian Studies, 2 (3), pp. 437-441; Sugihara, K., The resurgence of intra-Asian trade, 1800–1850 (2009) How India Clothed The World, pp. 139-170. , edited by Giorgio Riello and Tirthankar Roy,. Leiden: Brill; Slave Voyages, , https://www.slavevoyages.org; van Zanden, J.L., Colonial state formation and patterns of economic development in Java, 1800–1913 (2010) Economic History of Developing Regions, 25 (2), pp. 155-176; Vassoler, I., The Mexican mining bubble that burst (1998) Alexander Von Humboldt: From The Americas to The Cosmos, pp. 427-435. , edited by Raymond Erickson, Mauricio A. Font and Brian Schwartz. Online publication, Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies, City University of New York; Webster, A., (2009) The Twilight of The East India Company: The Evolution of Anglo-Asian Commerce and Politics, 1790–1860, , Woodbridge: The Boydell Press},
correspondence_address1={Solar, P.M.},
editor={O'Brien P.K.},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={18773206},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lib. Econ. Hist.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Guo2022205,
author={Guo, L. and Wu, J.},
title={Research on Differences in the Emotional Cognition of Chinese Audience in War-Themed Films},
journal={Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
year={2022},
volume={13312 LNCS},
pages={205-220},
doi={10.1007/978-3-031-06047-2_15},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 14th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design, CCD 2022 Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022 ; Conference Date: 26 June 2022 Through 1 July 2022;  Conference Code:279219},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133162124&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-06047-2_15&partnerID=40&md5=d1f23a260311de35958784118d527392},
affiliation={Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu, 241000, China; Shenzhen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518060, China},
abstract={With the development of the global economy, consumption motivations have gradually shifted from practicality to pleasant experiences. Films watching in theaters has become one of the major ways for the public to get spiritual pleasure. As a type of genre films, war-themed films focus on real or fictional battles in history, occupying an important position in the film and television market, which can also help promote patriotism amongst audience. The emotional experience of audience watching war-themed films is an important and complex research topic. Exploring the differences in the emotional cognition of different audience watching war-themed films will not only help promote culture, but also provide reference for filmmakers. Taking Chinese audience as research objects, this research mainly studies the differences in the emotional cognition of war-themed films. The research results are as follows: 1. The emotional cognition of audience of different ages is relatively consistent, and the emotional recognition of female audience is significantly higher than that of men; 2. The emotional recognition of audience graduating from high school and below is significantly higher than that of postgraduates and doctors; 3. The emotional recognition of audience of arts-related and science-related majors is significantly higher than that of film and television-related majors; 4. The emotional recognition of audience working for public institutions, societies, or themselves is significantly higher than that of workers and farmers; 5. The emotional recognition of audience who do not understand historical events at all or understand only a little historical events is significantly higher than that of well-understood audience. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Audience research;  Chinese audience;  Emotional cognition;  The Battle at Changjin Lake;  War-themed film},
keywords={Audience researches;  Chinese audience;  Emotional cognition;  Emotional experiences;  Emotional recognition;  Global economies;  Research topics;  Television market;  The battle at changjin lake;  War-themed film, Motion pictures},
funding_details={Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen University, SZU, 860– 000002112001},
funding_text 1={Funding. This is a project supported by the Shenzhen University Young Teachers’ Research Initiation Project: research on Audience’s Emotional Perception of Melodramatic Films (860– 000002112001).},
references={Cat’s Eye Movies. https://piaofang.maoyan.com/calendar, organized by this research. Accessed 4 Feb 2022; Chang, F.Y., The eight hundred and the historical writing of ideology (2020) Film Lit, 62 (21), pp. 85-87; Wang, L.L., National memory and image lyricism: Historical and cultural changes of Chinese antiwar films (2005) Literary Theory Criticism, 19 (4), pp. 21-27; Bai, W., Zhang, X.X., Ideological communication strategies of melodramatic films: Are search perspective based on youth audiences (2020) Film Lit, 757 (16), pp. 8-12; Jiang, M., (2013) Film and Television Art Education, , People’s Publishing House, Beijing; Feng, H.L., Zhu, H.L., On the artistic function of military film and television (2009) J. Shaanxi Normal Univ. (Philos. Soc. Sci. Ed.), 36, pp. 378-379; Norman, D.A., Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things (2004) Basic Civitas Books, New York; Turner, J.C., Hogg, M.A., Oakes, P.J., Reicher, S.D., Wetherell, M.S., (1987) Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory, , Blackwell, Basil; Guo, J.P., (2008) Sociology of Emotion Theory-History-Reality, , Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore, Shanghai; Gobe, M., (2009) Emotional Branding, , Allworth Press, New York; Kumar, M., Townsend, J.D., Vorhies, D.W., Enhancing consumers’ affection for a brand using product design (2015) J. Prod. Innov. Manag., 32 (5), pp. 716-730; Zhang, D., An analysis of the levels of artistic impact of The Eight Hundred (2021) Film Lit, 767 (2), pp. 85-87; Bordwell, D., Thompson, K., Smith, J., (1993) Film Art: An Introduction, , McGraw-Hill, New York; Zheng, J., Controlling audience emotions-a review of moving the audience: American Cinema and the audience experience (2010) Film Art, 54 (1), p. 150; Sun, C.J., (2010) Emotion: The Charm and Experience of Image Representation, , China Film Press, Beijing; Bai, X.L., The inspiration of War Wolf 2 and Operation Red Sea for the creation of China’s melodramatic films (2019) Film Rev, 618 (16), pp. 50-53; Huang, H.L., (2007) Audience Theory of Film and Television, , Beijing Normal University Press, Beijing; Xu, Y., Wu, Y.J., An exploration of audience consumption psychology in Chinese film market (2019) Film Lit, 61 (2), pp. 3-6; Ding, F., Huang, Y.F., (2011) Research on Film Consumer Behavior, , China Film Press, Beijing; Schatz, T.G., Schatz, T.: Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. Temple University Press, Philadelphia (1981); Lu, K., How films stimulate the audience’s emotions–a review of Karl Plantinga’s cognitive-perceptual theory (2020) J. Beijing Film Acad., 36 (6), pp. 12-21; Ji, L., Dong, W., From the starting point of emotion research: A study of de-emotionalized emotions and media effects (2018) Nanjing Soc. Sci., 28 (5), p. 110; Lu, K., A brief history of Chinese film audience studies (2020) Film New Works, 41 (2), p. 94; Lewis, J.R., Usability: Lessons learned… and yet to be learned (2014) Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interaction, 30 (9), pp. 663-684; Sapp, M., (2002) Psychological and Educational Test Scores: What are They?, , Charles C Thomas Publisher, Springfield},
correspondence_address1={Wu, J.; Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China; email: junwu2006@hotmail.com},
editor={Rau P.P.},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={03029743},
isbn={9783031060465},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Maharjan2022739,
author={Maharjan, R. and Kato, H.},
title={Resilient supply chain network design: a systematic literature review},
journal={Transport Reviews},
year={2022},
volume={42},
number={6},
pages={739-761},
doi={10.1080/01441647.2022.2080773},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131060778&doi=10.1080%2f01441647.2022.2080773&partnerID=40&md5=7e16111bd94d6737d953ce0fda8a8faa},
affiliation={Japan Transport and Tourism Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={The modern global economy has developed interconnected and complex supply chains largely due to the benefits companies have found in sophisticated trends and strategies; however, these practices are not without risk. In the wake of disruptions caused by COVID-19, natural disasters, Brexit, and the US–China trade war, supply chain resilience has become more important than ever. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature on resilient supply chain network design (RSCND). The focus was on studies that used a quantitative approach. This study utilised a systematic literature review methodology to evaluate the body of literature on RSCND. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) exploring and analysing existing literature on RSCND, particularly focusing on different types of resilience measures used from an analytical modelling perspective; (2) presenting a new way to classify the quantitative resilience measures used for RSCND and clarifying the implications of incorporating it in terms of costs and benefits; and (3) identifying the gaps and limitations of existing literature and proposing a list of potential issues for future research directions. An analysis of the literature shows that existing resilience measures mainly focus on the resilience of the nodes. The benefits of incorporating resilience measures in the RSCND are illustrated quantitatively in terms of monetary value, lost sales, and demand fulfilment. This study is the first attempt to combine studies on the RSCND using quantitative resilience measures. This study can serve as a starting point for understanding the different resilience measures discussed in the literature, how to incorporate them in designing new or redesigning existing supply chain networks, and the benefits associated with their implementation. Although only 21 studies were found in the analysis, we believe that this topic has a huge scope for future research. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={disruption;  quantifying resilience;  resilience measures;  Resilient supply chain network design;  supply chain management},
keywords={global economy;  literature review;  network design;  numerical model;  supply chain management},
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correspondence_address1={Maharjan, R.; Japan Transport and Tourism Research Institute, 〒, 105-0001 Tokyo-to, Minato-ku, Toranomon 3-18-19, Toranomon Marine building, Japan; email: maharjan-reu@jttri.or.jp},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={01441647},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Transp. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Abnet202215,
author={Abnet, D.A.},
title={AMERICANIZING THE ROBOT Popular Culture, Race, and the Rise of a Global Consumer Icon, 1920–60},
journal={Icon},
year={2022},
volume={27},
number={1},
pages={15-35},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131054722&partnerID=40&md5=9fffc2ef4fdeec68af8a0099ed60e437},
affiliation={California State University, Fullerton, United States},
abstract={Analyzing both popular and consumer culture, this paper shows how the robot became Americanized in popular culture during the middle of the twentieth century. After the term “robot” emerged in 1921 with the premiere of Karel Čapek’s 1921 play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), it immediately became tied to a larger debate over both Fordism and the Americanization of the global economy. While both sides of the Atlantic understood the play’s critiques of Fordism, Europeans initially understood the robot as a fundamentally American character while Americans understood it primarily in terms of social class. In the late 1920s and 1930s, however, the Westinghouse Electric Company claimed the robot as an American slave through a process of corporatization and racialization. By the start of the Cold War, American popular culture had largely embraced the robot as a key factor in the pursuit of a global consumer empire that continued into the twenty-first century. © 2022, International Committee for the History of Technology. All rights reserved.},
references={Abnet, D., (2020) The American Robot: A Cultural History, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Allison, A., (2006) Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Ambros, V., America Relocated: Karel Čapek’s Robots between Prague, Berlin, and New York (2009) Performance, Exile and ‘America, pp. 140-150. , edited by S. Jestrovic and Y. Meerzon,, London: Palgrave Macmillan; Asimov, I., The Laws of Robotics Robot Visions, p. 1990. , by Isaac Asimov, New York: Byron Press; Asimov, I.I., (2009), Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Bantam Books; Asimov, Isaac. “Reason.” In I, Robot, by Isaac Asimov, 62–63; Bacevich Andrew, (2002) American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S., , Diplomacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Barton, C.P., Somerville, K., (2016) Historical Racialized Toys in the United States, , New York: Routledge; Benjamin, R., (2019) Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code, , Medford, MA: Polity Press; Amy Sue, B., (2000) Inventing Ourselves out of Jobs? America’s Debate over Technological Unemployment, pp. 1929-1981. , Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; Breuermiles, J., Paradise and Iron (2008) The Man with the Strange Head and Other Early Science Fiction Stories, pp. 44-256. , edited by Michael R. Page, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; Bunte Jimdave Hallman, Heinzmueller, Vintage Toys: Robots and Space Toys., , Iola, WI: Antique Trader Books, 1999; Chude-Sokeilouis, (2016) Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics., , Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press; Diapalomarc Edward, Political Satire and British-American Relations in Five Decades of Doctor Who (2010) Journal of Popular Culture, pp. 964-987; (2003) Modernity, Technology, and African American Culture between the World Wars, , Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press; Elzway, S., Technoliberal Machines: Robotic Work(ers) from Science Fiction to the Assembly line (2021) Work: The Labors of Language, Culture, and History in North America, pp. 159-186. , edited by J. Jesse Ramirez and Sixta Quassdorf, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag; Franklinbruce, H., (1988) War Stars: The Superweapon and The American Imagination., , New York: Oxford University Press; Graebnerwilliam, (1991) Age of Doubt: American Thought and Culture in the 1940S, , Woodbridge, CT: Twayne Publishers; GraziaVictoria de, (2005), Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance through Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press; Hamptongregory Jerome, (2015) Imagining Slaves and Robots in Literature, , Film, and Popular Culture: Reinventing Yesterday’s Slave with Tomorrow’s Robot.” Lexington Books; Higbie Tobias, Why Do Robots Rebel? The Labor History of a Cultural Icon (2013) Labor: Studies in Working-Class History, 10 (1), pp. 99-121; Higbietobias, (2019) Labor’s Mind: A History of Working-Class Intellectual Life, , Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press; Anatomy of a Robot: Literature, Cinema, and the Cultural Work of Artificial People. New Brunswick, , NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2014; Kangminsoo, (2011) Sublime Dreams of Living Machines: The Automaton in The European Imagination., , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Lavenderisiah, III, (2011) Race in American Science Fiction, , Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; Lott, E., (2013) Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class, , New York: Oxford University Press; McClay, W.M., (1994) The Masterless: Self and Society in Modern America, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Monáe Janelle, (2010) Archandroid. Wondaland Arts Society; Nadis, F., (2005) Wonder Shows: Performing Science, Magic, and Religion in America, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Nobledavid, F., (1984) Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation, , New York: Alfred A. Knopf; Nye David, (2013) America’s Assembly Line, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Riskin, J., (2016) The Restless Clock: A History of the Centuries-Long Argument over What Makes Living Things Tick, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Rodgers, D.T., (1998) Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age, , Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press; Roediger David, (1991) The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class., , New York: Verso; Roh, D.S., Huang, B., Niu, G.A., (2015) Techno-Orientalism: Imagining Asia in Speculative Fiction, History, and Media, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Buffalo Bill in Bologna: The Americanization of The World, 1869-1922. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.; (2006), Schaut, Scott. Robots of Westinghouse, 1924–Today. Mansfield, OH: Mansfield Memorial Museum; Schodtfrederik, L., Inside the Robot Kingdom: Japan Mechatronics and the Coming Robotopia (1988) New York: Kodansha International; Sparrow, R., Robotics Has a Race Problem (2020) Science, Technology, & Human Values, 45 (3), pp. 538-560; Telotte, J.P., Just Imagine-ing the Metropolis of Modern America (1996) Science Fiction Studies, 23 (2), pp. 161-170; Warrick, P.S., (1980) The Cybernetic Imagination in Science Fiction, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
correspondence_address1={Abnet, D.A.; California State UniversityUnited States; email: dabnet@fullerton.edu},
publisher={International Committee for the History of Technology},
issn={13618113},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Icon},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Qureshi20221,
author={Qureshi, A.H.},
title={Communication Flows in International Economic Law: Russia/Ukraine Crisis and Its Impact on the International Economic Order},
journal={Manchester Journal of International Economic Law},
year={2022},
volume={19},
number={1},
pages={1-1},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131049711&partnerID=40&md5=a94cfae420d2a6d8de92bb2e3ec9c201},
affiliation={Editor-in-Chief},
abstract={There is no doubt that the Russia-Ukraine crisis has an impact on the international economy. The chatter of higher oil and food prices, the impact of sanctions, and of winners and losers in this unfolding war, has drawn the economists out to paint their descriptions and predictions. Indeed, the IMF forecast for the global economy has been downgraded. But what of the long-term impact in the development of the international economic order (IEO)? © 2022. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Electronicpublications.org Ltd},
issn={17423945},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Manchester J. Int. Econ. Law},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Buckley2022,
author={Buckley, P.J.},
title={Corporate reactions to the fracturing of the global economy},
journal={International Business Review},
year={2022},
doi={10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102014},
art_number={102014},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130378724&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibusrev.2022.102014&partnerID=40&md5=91977a9b359ee054e45d66beba3f51b4},
affiliation={Centre for International Business, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Maurice Keyworth Building, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom},
abstract={This paper postulates a deep and long-term fracture in the global economy has occurred. It concentrates on policy induced changes including tariffs, trade wars, "antiglobalization rhetoric and the disintegration in trade blocs. The paper examines the impact of the fracture on corporate strategies. The corporate reaction to the fracture has been muted, uncertain and piecemeal. the paper argues that significant corporate responses are overdue and that the eventual responses will herald new modes of international management. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd},
author_keywords={Antiglobalisation;  Global economy;  International business policies;  International business theory;  Multinational enterprise},
references={Angell, N., The Great Illusion: A study of the relation of military power in nations to their economic and social advantage (1910), G.P. Putnam's and Sons London; Banalieva, E.R., Dhanaraj, C., Internalization theory for the digital economy (2019) Journal of International Business Studies, 50 (8), pp. 1372-1387; Buckley, P.J., The Global Factory: Networked multinational enterprises in the modern global economy (2018), Edward Elgar Cheltenham; Buckley, P.J., China's belt and road initiative and the COVID -19 crisis (2020) Journal of International Business Policy, 3 (3), pp. 311-314; Buckley, P.J., The return of cartels? (2021) Management and Organization Review, 17 (1), pp. 35-39; Buckley, P.J., Casson, M., The future of the multinational enterprise (1976), Macmillan London; Buckley, P.J., Casson, M., (2020), pp. 239-252. , The internalization theory of the multinational enterprise, past, present and future. British Journal of Management 31 (2); Buckley, P.J., Casson, M., Multinational enterprises and international cartels: The strategic implications of de-globalization (2021) Management and Organization Review, 17 (5), pp. 986-988; Buckley, P.J., Doh, J., Benischke, M., Towards a renaissance in international business research? Big questions, grand challenges and the future of IB scholarship (2017) Journal of International Business Studies, 48 (9), pp. 1045-1064; Casson, M., Multinational and intermediate product trade. in Buckley and Casson. Economic Theory of the Multinational Enterprise (1985), Macmillan London; Farrell, H., Newman, A.L., Chained to globalization: Why it's too late to decouple (2020) Foreign Affairs, 99 (1), pp. 70-80; Financial Times, China is failing on its climate pledge (2021), FT View. 9.3.2021; Hall, P.A., Soskice, D., Varieties of capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative advantage (2001), Oxford University Press Oxford; Hamilton, C., Ohlberg, M., Hidden hand: Exposing how the Chinese communist party is reshaping the world (2020), Oneworld Publications London; Henisz, W.J., Corporate diplomacy: Building reputations and relationships with external stakeholders (2014), Greenleaf Publishing New York; Hirshman, A.O., National power and the structure of foreign trade (1945), University of California Press Los Angeles; Huntington, S.P., The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order (1996), Simon and Schuster New York; International Chamber of Commerce, Extraterritoriality and business (2006), International Chamber of Commerce Paris; Jenner, W.J.F., The tyranny of history: The roots of China's crisis (1992), Allen Lane London; Lee, J., Lee, L., (2020), p. 1. , Chinese Bank on Charm Offensive. The Australian. 15–16 February, and 18; Levesque, G., (2017), (2017). China's Evolving Economic Statecraft. The Diplomat. 12 April; Leng, S., (2020), (2020). China's State-Owned Giants Given New Order: Create Global Industrial Champions. South China Morning Post. 11 August; List, F., The national system of political economy. English version 1885 (1841), Longmans, Green, and Co London; Looney, K.E., Mobilizing for development: The modernization of rural East Asia (2020), Cornell University Press London; Lubinski, C., Wadhwani, R.D., (2019), Geopolitical jockeying: Economic nationalism and multinational strategy in historical perspective. Strategic Management Journal; (2020), McKinsey Global Institute. Risk, resilience and rebalancing in Global Value Chains. New York; Milanovic, B., The clash of capitalisms: The real fight for the global economy's future (2020) Foreign Affairs, 99 (1), pp. 10-21; Milgate, M., Stimson, S.C., After Adam Smith – A century of transformation in politics and political economy (2009), Princeton University Press Princeton; Mill, J.S., (1844), Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy. (Essay I, 1–46) London; Obe, M., Decoupling denied: Japan Inc. Lays its Bets on China (2021), Nikkei Asia Tokyo; O'Hara, K., Hall, W., The dream of a global internet is edging toward destruction (2019) Wired, , 24 December 2019; Pitron, G., The rare metals war: The dark side of clean energy and digital technologies (2020), Scribe Publications London; Smith, A., (1776). An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations; Thornhill, J., Australia plans to loosen China's grip on minerals supply chain (2021) Bloomberg, , 4 March 2021; Vahtera, P., Buckley, P.J., Aliyev, M., Affective conflict and identification of knowledge sources in MNE teams (2017) International Business Review, 26 (5), pp. 881-895; Vahtera, P., Buckley, P.J., Aliyev, M., Clegg, J., Cross, A., Influence of Social Identity on negative perceptions in global virtual teams (2017) Journal of International Management, 23 (4), pp. 367-381; Zaheer, S., Overcoming the liability of foreignness (1995) Academy of Management Journal, 38 (2), pp. 341-363},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={09695931},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Bus. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gu20221119,
author={Gu, Y. and Guo, J. and He, C. and Liu, D.},
title={The evolution pattern of world trade network based on topological data analysis},
journal={Proceedings - 2022 14th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2022},
year={2022},
pages={1119-1122},
doi={10.1109/ICMTMA54903.2022.00225},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 14th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2022 ; Conference Date: 15 January 2022 Through 16 January 2022;  Conference Code:177604},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127456900&doi=10.1109%2fICMTMA54903.2022.00225&partnerID=40&md5=5bf0fdae7d2dc2198e097e3999c4bf22},
affiliation={China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076, China},
abstract={Trade between countries has become increasingly frequent and complex with the rapid development of economic globalization, and the discovery of trade patterns and laws is of great guidance for understanding the global economy. Trade relationship between countries is usually modeled as a large-scale time-series interaction network. We utilize the novel and effective Topological Data Analysis (TDA), which is capable of both discovering structure-specific sub-graphs and measuring differences across graphs. TDA contributes to understanding national trade patterns each year and global economic trends across years. We construct a world trade interaction network based on export trade data between countries in the Correlates of War database for a total of 64 years from 1950 to 2013. The experimental results find that the linkages between national trade gradually increase over time. Moreover, the topological characteristics of the world trade network change sharply between 1959 and 1960, between 1991 and 1992, and between 2007 and 2008, which correspond to the declaration of independence of 17 African countries, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, respectively. We provide new insights for exploring the special periods of historical economy and understanding the changing patterns of the world economic landscape during turbulent times by discovering the topology of the world trade network. © 2022 IEEE},
author_keywords={Interaction Network;  Topological Data Analysis;  World Trade Network},
keywords={Data handling;  Information analysis;  Topology, Economic globalization;  Evolution patterns;  Global economies;  Interaction networks;  Network-based;  Topological data analysis;  Trade laws;  Trade patterns;  World trade;  World trade network, International trade},
references={de Benedictis, L., Tajoli, L., The world trade network (2011) The World Economy, 34 (8), pp. 1417-1454; Serrano, M.A., Boguná, M., Topology of the world trade web (2003) Physical Review E, 68 (1), p. 015101; Garlaschelli, D., Loffredo, M.I., Structure and evolution of the world trade network (2005) Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 355 (1), pp. 138-144; Bhattacharya, K., Mukherjee, G., Saramäki, J., Kaski, K., Manna, S.S., The international trade network: Weighted network analysis and modelling (2008) Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008, p. P02002. , 02; Chazal, F., Michel, B., An introduction to topological data analysis: Fundamental and practical aspects for data scientists Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4, p. 2021; Dubrovin, B., Fomenko, A., Novikov, S., Modem geometry-methods and applications, Part III: Introduction to homology theory (1990) Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 124; Aktas, M.E., Akbas, E., El Fatmaoui, A., Persistence homology of networks: Methods and applications (2019) Applied Network Science, 4 (1), pp. 1-28; Marchese, A., (2017) Data Analysis Methods Using Persistence Diagrams; Vallender, S., Calculation of the Wasserstein distance between probability distributions on the line (1974) Theory of Probability & Its Applications, 18 (4), pp. 784-786; Cohen-Steiner, D., Edelsbrunner, H., Harer, J., Stability of persistence diagrams (2007) Discrete & Computational Geometry, 37 (1), pp. 103-120},
sponsors={Changsha University of Science and Technology; Huaiyin Institute of Technology},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665499781},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. - Int. Conf. Meas. Technol. Mechatronics Autom., ICMTMA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2022227,
author={Chen, Z.},
title={Evolution of Global Trade Network Pattern Based on Data Mining Technology},
journal={Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies},
year={2022},
volume={125},
pages={227-235},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-97874-7_29},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127171019&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-97874-7_29&partnerID=40&md5=4ef2ce652b36ced443e94fb3b5a44938},
affiliation={Xiamen Institute of Technology, Fujian, Xiamen, China},
abstract={With the economic globalization and social progress in recent years, the pattern of international trade has produced a multi-level trend in constant changes. The rapid rise of China is one of the outstanding manifestations of multi-polarization. The rise of our country’s economy and progress in many fields also indicate that our country is participating in the integration of the international market, and because our country’s rise and participation in the international situation have had a significant impact on international trade, the international trade pattern has taken place further. Variety. The purpose of this article is to analyze the evolution of the global trade network pattern. This article analyzes the international pattern generated by data mining technology and global economy and trade, analyzes the multi-polarization of international economy and trade and the rise of emerging economies, and explains the reasons for the manifestation of the international situation. A careful analysis of the composition and concept of the international trade network made an explanation, and the analysis of the trade network’s epidemic prevention was listed and explained one by one. According to the analysis of the data collected in this article, the economies of various countries have been rising rapidly after the end of World War II. After the end of the Cold War, the economic and trading system led by the United States was basically the US trade volume at that time accounting for 20% of the world. but with the rise of the European Union and Asia’s emerging economic systems, this influence has gradually ceased to exist. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={International trade;  Multilateral trade;  Pattern differentiation;  Pattern evolution},
keywords={International trade;  Military operations;  Polarization, Data mining technology;  Economic globalization;  Economic system;  Global trade;  Multi-polarization;  Multilateral trade;  Multilaterals;  Network pattern;  Pattern differentiation;  Pattern evolution, Data mining},
references={Zhao, G., Wan, F., The evolution of the world trade network and its interpretation——based on the network analysis method (2021) Macroecon. Study, (2016-4), pp. 151-159; Mozhu, Z., Jieyong, W., Evolution of global rice trade pattern based on complex networks and its enlightenment (2020) J. Nat. Resour., 35 (5), pp. 41-53; Tl, A., Hp, A., Chao, D., Tao, Q., Ping, M., Exploring the competitive evolution of global wood forest product trade based on complex network analysis (2019) Physica A: Statistical Mechanics Appl, 525, pp. 1224-1232; Liu, N., The stability of the international heat pump trade pattern based on complex networks analysis (2017) Appl. Energy, 196, pp. 100-117; Song, Y., Wu, R., The impact of financial enterprises’ excessive financialization risk assessment for risk control based on data mining and machine learning (2021) Computational Economics, pp. 1-23; Fei, W., HAS QoE prediction based on dynamic video features with data mining in LTE network (2017) Sci. China, 60 (4), pp. 192-205; Elabd, E., Abdulkader, H., Ead, W., Securely publishing social network data (2019) Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol., 16 (4), pp. 694-702; Zheng, Z., Chen, W., Liang, Y., Zhang, Y., Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of global production networks: An analysis based on the input-output technique (2021) J. Geog. Sci., 31 (5), pp. 641-663; Jia, D., Yin, B., Huang, X., Association analysis of private information in distributed social networks based on big data (2021) Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., 2021, pp. 1-12; Chen, X., Semantic matching efficiency of supply and demand text on cross-border e-commerce online technology trading platforms (2021) Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., 2021, pp. 1-12; Zhou, Y., Guo, Z., Application of multi-dimensional association rules based on data cube in international production capacity cooperation (2018) IPPTA: Q. J. Indian Pulp and Paper Technical Association, 30 (7), pp. 336-341; Smidek, J., Analyse von Bewegungsdaten mit ArcGIS in der Cloud (2018) VGI, 106 (2), p. 140},
correspondence_address1={Chen, Z.; Xiamen Institute of Technology, Fujian, China; email: cz5191@163.com},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={23674512},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lecture. Notes. Data Eng. Commun. Tech.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yu2022,
author={Yu, W. and Chavez, R. and Jacobs, M.A. and Wong, C.Y.},
title={Openness to Technological Innovation, Supply Chain Resilience, and Operational Performance: Exploring the Role of Information Processing Capabilities},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management},
year={2022},
doi={10.1109/TEM.2022.3156531},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127048581&doi=10.1109%2fTEM.2022.3156531&partnerID=40&md5=1468542c453b1d5be6b3160acb367a29},
affiliation={Roehampton Business School, University of Roehampton SW15 5SL, London U.K.; Department of Management and Marketing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia.; Department of Operations Management, College of Business, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.; Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds LS6 1AN, Leeds U.K.},
abstract={Increasing volatility in the global economy since the 2009 financial crisis, including the USA&#x2013;China trade war and recent COVID-19 outbreak, has compelled businesses to build resilience to respond quickly to unexpected disruptions. Consistent with organizational information processing theory (OIPT), we posit that openness to technological innovation helps to build information processing capabilities (i.e., interfunctional coordination and interpartner informational justice), which are required to build supply chain resilience (SCR) and improve performance. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze survey data gathered from 241 Chinese manufacturers. The results reveal interfunctional coordination and interpartner informational justice fully mediate the relationship between openness to technological innovation and SCR, and information processing capabilities and SCR are significantly and positively associated with operational performance. This article extends OIPT by elucidating the role of openness to technological innovation and enhances the SCR literature by providing empirical evidence of the important roles for information processing capabilities. The findings provide a unique information processing perspective to help managers broaden their solutions against disruptive events, and thus avoid or minimize potential negative impacts on firms. IEEE},
author_keywords={Business;  Information processing;  Information processing capabilities;  interfunc-tional coordination;  interpartner informational justice;  openness to technological innovation;  Real-time systems;  Resilience;  supply chain resilience (SCR);  Supply chains;  Technological innovation;  Uncertainty},
keywords={Interactive computer systems;  Real time systems;  Uncertainty analysis, Information processing capability;  Interfunc-tional coordination;  Interpartner informational justice;  Openness to technological innovation;  Real - Time system;  Resilience;  Supply chain resilience;  Supply chain resiliences;  Technological innovation;  Uncertainty, Supply chains},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189391},
coden={IEEMA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Eng Manage},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Qobo2022183,
author={Qobo, M.},
title={US–China Tech Wars: Shaping Africa’s Agency},
journal={International Political Economy Series},
year={2022},
pages={183-203},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-86410-1_9},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119327771&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-86410-1_9&partnerID=40&md5=5b4aec1f1d5c39e7f8bff2e3cde64441},
affiliation={Wits School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa},
abstract={This chapter discusses the growing digitalization and increasing use of AI tools against the backdrop of geopolitical contestations between America and China, and asks questions about the likely impact of this tech war on Africa’s digital pathways. The chapter contends that African governments should strenuously safeguard their right to choose from the broadest possible range of foreign policy partners and technology options that suit their countries’ digital needs, including 5G networks, based on objective criteria that serve their development needs rather than the interests of foreign suppliers. Importantly, African countries need to build robust digital infrastructure and upgrade human capital if they want to integrate meaningfully in the global economy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
references={Cybercrime and Cyber Security Trends in Africa (2016) November, , https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/cyber-security-trends-report-africa-interactive-en; Allison, G., (2017) Destined for War. London: Scribe; Blackwill, R.D., Harris, J., (2016) War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft, , Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; European Commission. 2020. International Cooperation on 5G, , https://ec.eur opa.eu/digital-single-market/en/5G-international-cooperation; Huntington, S., (1996) The Clash of Civilizations, , New York: Free Press; (2021) Cyber Capabilities and National Power: A Net Assessment, , https://www.iiss.org/blogs/research-paper/2021/06/cyber-capabilities-national-power, International Institute for Strategic Studies; Kshetri, N., Cybercrime and Cybersecurity in Africa (2019) Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22 (2), pp. 77-81; Lapowsky, Issie. 2019. “Inside the Room Where Tech Actually Views for Military Jobs”. Wired, 3 December. https://www.wired.com/story/inside-air-force-demo-day-tech-companies/. Accessed 15 December 2019; Lee, K., (2018), AI Superpowers. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; Marwala, T., (2020) Closing the Gap, , Johannesburg: Pan Macmillan; Roger, M., (2019) Zucked: Waking up to the Facebook Catastrophe, , New York: HarperCollins; Naim, M., (2013) The End of Power, , New York: Basic Books; Mary Ellen, O., Cybersecurity Without War (2012) Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 12 (2), pp. 187-209; People’s Republic of China. 2015. “China’s Military Strategy”, May. http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2015/05/27/content_2814751 15610833.htm; Sanger, David E. 2012. “Obama Order Sped Up Wave of Cyberattacks Against Iran”. New York Times, 1 June. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/world/middleeast/obama-ordered-wave-of-cyberattacks-against-iran.html; Schmidt, E., Cohen, J., The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People (2014) Nations and Business, , New York: Vintage Books; Smith, B., (2019) Tools and Weapons: The Promise and The Peril of The Digital Age, , New York: Penguin Books; Tyagi, Kalpana. 2019. “Setting Standards for a Competitive Economy: In the Era of 5G, Internet of Things and the Blockchain Technology”. Management Science, 10(1&2): 82–97. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335 110416_Setting_Standards_for_a_Competitive_Economy_In_the_Era_of_ 5G_Internet_of_Things_and_the_Blockchain_Technology; Venkataramakrishnan, Siddharth. 2021. “Mastercard, Softbank and Others Call on G7 to Create Tech Group”. Financial Times, 22 March; Waltz, Kenneth N. 1959. Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press; White House. 2021. “Executive Order on Addressing the Threat from Securities Investments That Finance Certain Companies of the People’s Republic of China”, 3 June. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/06/03/executive-order-on-addressing-the-threat-from-securi ties-investments-that-finance-certain-companies-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china/; Wu, Tim. 2020. “A Tiktok Ban Is Overdue”. New York Times, 18 August; Xiao, Eva, and Liza Lin. 2020. “TikTok Talks Could Face Hurdle as China Tightens Tech Export Rules”. The Wall Street Journal, 30 August; Yang, Y., Liu, N., Beijing Orders State Offices to Replace Foreign PCs and Software (2019) Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/b55fc6ee-1787-11ea-8d73-6303645ac406; Yu, Sun, and Demetri Sevastopulo. 2021. “China Targets Rare Earth Export Curbs to Hobble US Defence Industry”. Financial Times, 16 February},
correspondence_address1={Qobo, M.; Wits School of Governance, South Africa; email: mzukisi.qobo@wits.ac.za},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26622483},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Poliit. Econ. Ser.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chenli20221573,
author={Chenli, M. and Bannerman, S. and Abrokwah, E.},
title={Reviewing the global economic impacts and mitigating measures of COVID-19},
journal={Total Quality Management and Business Excellence},
year={2022},
volume={33},
number={13-14},
pages={1573-1587},
doi={10.1080/14783363.2021.1981130},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116523377&doi=10.1080%2f14783363.2021.1981130&partnerID=40&md5=3af9902db6d5f502bd5d2c84fa8a178f},
affiliation={School of Management Studies, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China; College of Economic Management, Methodist University College, Accra, Ghana; Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China},
abstract={The global atmosphere in the mid-year 2019 was more of anxiety and frustrations about the impact of a US–China trade war, Brexit outcomes, oil price fluctuations and even the upcoming US election 2020 on the global economy. The unexpected emergence of a novel coronavirus in the Hubie province of China and now pandemic immediately shifted focus and its impacts are visible globally. The major objective of this study has been to discover the impacts of the COVID-19 containment strategies as the policy of many countries and the mitigation measures on the global economy. Three months of data within February and May which comprises Africa, Asia, North America and Europe, the FTSE 500 index (UK), SP 500 (US), the Nikkei 225 (Japan) and the South Africa top 40 index as well as LD, MR, TR, MP, CC variables were drawn from the Statista review, Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, where the multivariate model was applied including the use of SPSS version 26 with the correlation result. The result indicates the containment policies such as travel restrictions and lockdowns introduced by various countries have negative impacts on the global economy but helped in reducing the spread of the virus. However, the mitigation measures such as insurance policy for health workers and the stimulus funds for the MSMEs including packages to reduce hardship associated with current unemployment positively impacted the economy. Resurfacing of a virus strong as COVID-19 or much infectious than this in future is possible and as countries were caught unprepared which has heavily disrupted major health care system and the global economy in general, it is recommendable that cross-country policies such as directing more investment into the health sector and review of the unemployment packages to include all will be in the right direction. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  lockdown;  mitigation;  pandemic;  stimulus},
funding_text 1={The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.},
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Retrieved 26; Bennett, N., Lemoine, J., What VUCA really mean for you (2014) Harvard Business Review, 92 (12); Bentolila, S., Jansen, M., Jiménez, G., When credit dries up: Job losses in the great recession (2018) Journal of the European Economic Association, 16 (3), pp. 650-695; Bezemer, D.J., The credit crisis and recession as a paradigm test (2011) Journal of Economic Issues, 45 (1), pp. 1-18; Choi, T., Roger, D., Vakil, B., Coronavirus is a wake-up call for supply chain management (2020) Harvard Business Review, 27, p. 363, 398; Collier-Hyams, L.S., Zeng, H., Sun, J., Tomlinson, A.D., Bao, Z.Q., Chen, H., Madara, J.L., Neish, A.S., Cutting edge: Salmonella AvrA effector inhibits the key proinflammatory, anti-apoptotic NF-κB pathway (2002) The Journal of Immunology, 169 (6), pp. 2846-2850; Council, F.S., (2020) Financial stability report, , https://www.bankofbotswana.bw/sites/default/files/publications/FINANCIAL%20STABILITY%20REPORT.pdf; El-Erian, M.A., (2020) The coming coronavirus recession and the uncharted territory beyond, , Foreign Affairs,. 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Cities and regions a changing Europe: Challenges and prospects; Ozili, P.K., Arun, T., (2020), Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the global economy. SSRN 3562570; Ranasinghe, R., Karunarathna, C., Pradeepamali, J., (2020), After Corona (COVID-19) impacts on global poverty and recovery of tourism based service economies: An appraisal. SSRN 3591259; Sachs, J., (1998), Steven Radelet have been critical of IMF conditionality programs, arguing that IMF strictures sometimes force recession on im-236 Notes to pages 57–60 poverished debtor nations. Instead, they argue, the IMF should allow some depreciation of the local currency so the debtor can reestablish its balance of payments and attract investors. High interest rates alone will not do this. See Next Stop Brazil, New York Times, 14; Samarathunga, W.H.M.S., (2020), Post-COVID19 challenges and way forward for Sri Lanka tourism. SSRN 3581509; Stiglitz, J.E., (2010) Interpreting the causes of the great recession of 2008. 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correspondence_address1={Bannerman, S.; College of Economic Management, Ghana; email: stephenbannerman@yahoo.com},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={14783363},
coden={TQMAE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Total Qual. Manage. Bus. Excellence},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2021715,
author={Lee, Y.},
title={Why China Has Supported North Korea: An Asymmetrical Dependent Relationship between China and North Korea from 1995 to 2016},
journal={Korean Journal of Defense Analysis},
year={2021},
volume={33},
number={4},
pages={715-733},
doi={10.22883/kjda.2021.33.4.008},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128184061&doi=10.22883%2fkjda.2021.33.4.008&partnerID=40&md5=d711c631f7c6c3d23ff881f02ced9cda},
affiliation={Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={North Korea has been China’s socialist ally since the Korean War. Although North Korea’s provocations like nuclear tests have damaged Chinese national interests, China has supported North Korea. This research project examines why China has supported North Korea by analyzing event data from the Integrated Crisis Early Warning System (ICEWS). After China became integrated in the global economy, it has regarded stability and peace much more than the strategic factors of North Korea and has not viewed North Korea as a balanced ally to help China maintain the balance of power since the 1990s. This work also attempts to examine whether or not a strategic reason still plays a role in China’s approach toward North Korea. The empirical results demonstrate that when North Korea faced physical and non-physical threats from the United States and its allies (South Korea and Japan) in Northeast Asia, China showed amicable behavior toward North Korea in order to save its buffer zone. However, China did not approach North Korea when it faced strategic disadvantages. © 2021 Korea Institute for Defense Analyses.},
author_keywords={asymmetrical dependence;  balanced alliance;  China;  ICEWS;  North Korea},
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Kim (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2002), 122; and Sukhee Han, “Alliance Fatigue amid Asymmetrical Interdependence: Sino–North Korean Relations in Flux The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 16 (1), pp. 161-163. , (2004); Kim, Lee, Chinese–North Korean Relations, p. 122; Chung, Jae-Ho, Choi, Myung-Hae, Uncertain Allies or Uncomfortable Neighbors? Making Sense of China–North Korea Relations, 1949–2010 (2013) The Pacific Review, 26 (3), p. 246. , Dick Nanto and Mark Manyin, “China–North Korea Relations, North Korean Review 27 3 (2011): 10; and You Ji, “China and North Korea: A Fragile Relationship of Strategic Convenience, Journal of Contemporary China 10 28 (2001): 387–88; Choi, Myeong-hae, Prospects for China’s North Korea Strategy in the Post–Kim Jong Il Era and Implications for South Korea (2012) International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, 21 (1), p. 45; Johnston, Alastair, How New and Assertive Is China’s New Assertiveness? 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Korea’s Trade Dependence on China Climbs to 95%, Report Shows (2020) The Hankyoreh, , http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/945284.html, May 17, (accessed August 7, 2020); Chanlett-Avery, Emma, Taylor, Mi Ae, North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation (2010) Congressional Research Service, p. 9. , November 10, Dong-ryul Lee, “China’s Policy and Influence on the North Korea Nuclear Issue: Denuclearization and or Stabilization of the Korean Peninsula The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 22 2 (2010): 166; Yinhong Shi, “New Games in Tightly Fixed Structures: North Korea’s Volatile Desperation and China’s Cornered Strategy, The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 23 3 (2011): 354; and Scott Snyder, “Will China Change Its North Korea Policy Council on Foreign Relations, March 31, 2016, 3; Chon, Hyun-Joon, Prospects for North Korea’s Internal Policy Following the North Korea– China Summit (2010) Korea Institute for National Unification, p. 2. , https://repo.kinu.or.kr/bitstream/2015.oak/1631/1/0001447337.pdf, May 18, (accessed Match 1, 2020); Kim, Jin-Moo, North Korea’s Reliance on China and China’s Influence on North Korea,” The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 23, no. 2 (2011): 258; and Wenzhi Song and Sangkeun Lee, “China’s Engagement Patterns towards North Korea Pacific Focus 31 1 (2016): 21; Workman, Daniel, China’s Top Trading Partners, , https://www.worldstopexports.com/chinas-top-import-partners/, Word Press, (accessed November 11, 2021); Tellis, Ashley J., The Return of U.S.–China Strategic Competition (2020) US–China Competition for Global Influence, p. 3. , eds. Ashley J. Tellis, Alison Szalwinski, and Michael Wills (Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Asian Research); Ahn, Yonson, The Korea–China Textbook War—What’s It All About (2006) Contemporary Security Policy, 38 (3), p. 3. , https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/21617, George Mason University’s History News Network, (accessed November 11, 2021); and Jaganath Sankaran and Bryan L. Fearey, “Missile Defense and Strategic Stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea, (2017); Noland, Marcus, The (non-) Impact of UN Sanctions on North Korea (2009) Asia Policy, 7, pp. 1-2; Event data consists of coded interactions between socio–political actors (i.e., cooperative or hostile actions between individuals, groups, sectors and nation states)…… These events are essentially triples consisting of a source actor, an event type (according to the CAMEO taxonomy of events), and a target actor. Geographical–temporal metadata are also extracted and associated with the relevant events within a news article Integrated Crisis Early Warning System (ICEWS) Dataverse, , http://data.nber.org/ens/feldstein/NBER_Sources/ENS%20Conference%20Sources/2016/Predicting%20Conflict%20Via%20Machine%20Learning/ICEWS%20(Lockheed%20Martin)/Coded%20Event%20Data/ICEWS%20Coded%20Event%20Data%20Read%20Me.pdf, ICEWS Coded Event Data Read Me, in accessed November 19, 2021; Boschee, Elizabeth, Lautenschlager, Jennifer, O’Brien, Sean, Shellman, Steve, James, Starz, ICEWS Automated Daily Event Data (2018) Harvard Dataverse, 223. , https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QI2T9A, (accessed June 3, 2020); Integrated Crisis Early Warning System (ICEWS) Dataverse, , http://www.nber.org/ens/feldstein/NBER_Sources/ENS%20Conference%20Sources/2016/Predicting%20Conflict%20Via%20Machine%20Learning/ICEWS%20(Lockheed%20Martin)/Dictionaries/ICEWS%20Events%20and%20Aggregations.pdf, Th is used to represent the amount of hostility or cooperation implied by the event type, where negative numbers represent hostile actions and positive numbers represent cooperative actions; –10 represents the most hostile of hostile events, while +10 represents the most cooperative of cooperative events. Values of 0 are interpreted as being neutral. “ICEWS Events and Aggregations, in accessed November 19, 2021, (accessed November 19, 2021); Schrodt, Philip A., (2012) CAMEO Conflict and Mediation Event Observations Codebook, , http://data.gdeltproject.org/documentation/CAMEO.Manual.1.1b3.pdf, (University Park, PA: Center for International Political Analysis Institute for Policy and Social Research), (accessed June 8, 2020); Boschee, Lautenschlager, O’Brien, Shellman, Starz, ICEWS Automated Daily Event Data; (2020) World Development Indicators, , https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators, (accessed September 22, 2020); (2020) North Korean Statistics, , https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1ZGA31, August 13, (accessed October 2, 2020). [in Korean]; Boschee, Lautenschlager, O’Brien, Shellman, Starz, ICEWS Automated Daily Event Data; Database: North Korean Provocations (2019) Beyond Parallel, , https://beyondparallel.csis.org/database-north-korean-provocations/, (accessed October 14, 2020); Aoyama, Rumi, China’s North Korea Policy: The Dilemma between Security and Economic Engagement (2017) The Kim Jong Un Regime and the Future Security Environment Surrounding the Korean Peninsula, p. 150. , ed. The National Institute for Defense Studies (Tokyo: The National Institute for Defense Studies), Antoine Bondaz, “The Fear of Opening Pandora’s Box: China’s Heptagon of Policy Options in Dealing with the North Korean Issue, Korean Review of International Studies 17 1 (2017): 33; Julia Joo-A Lee, “To Fuel or Not to Fuel: China’s Energy Assistance to North Korea, Asian Security 5 1 (2009): 145; Hongseo Park and Jae-Jeok Park, “How Not to Be Abandoned by China: North Korea’s Nuclear Brinkmanship Revisited, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 29 3 (2017): 379; Weilemann, Peter R., The Summit Meeting: The Role and Agenda of Diplomacy at Its Highest Level (2000) Nira Review, 7 (2), p. 18; China–North Korea High Level Visits since 1953 (2017) Beyond Parallel, , https://beyondparallel.csis.org/china-dprk-high-level-visits-since-1953-2/, April 3, (accessed November 11, 2021); Lee, Julia Joo-A., To Fuel or Not to Fuel, pp. 56-57},
correspondence_address1={Lee, Y.; Chung-Ang UniversitySouth Korea; email: liyongzai80@gmail.com},
publisher={Korea Institute for Defense Analyses},
issn={10163271},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Korean J. Def. Anal.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{CrossedDSignukić202191,
author={Crossed D Signukić, A. and Štaka, M. and Drašković, D.},
title={The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Macroeconomic Aggregates of the European Union},
journal={ECONOMICS},
year={2021},
volume={9},
number={2},
pages={91-108},
doi={10.2478/eoik-2021-0023},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122891583&doi=10.2478%2feoik-2021-0023&partnerID=40&md5=e788c0920fc39f01577250e2bc42c747},
affiliation={High School of Catering, Trade and Tourism, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Data D.o.o. East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Culture Centre of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina},
abstract={Economic experts' predictions of a slowdown in the EU's global economy and economic growth in the year 2020 were based on various risks and uncertainties existing on a world scale, ranging from the US-China trade war, traditionally strained relations of the EU and the US on the one hand and the Russian Federation on the other, all the way to BREXIT and economic migration to developed EU countries. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated those forecasts, so that the entire EU is recording a historic decline in all macroeconomic aggregates. The beginning of the pandemic in the EU was accompanied by the complete border lockdown of the entire Union, which greatly affected the economies of the member states. The EU is experiencing a decline of both real and nominal GDP, declining incomes, employment decline and unemployment increase. This paper will investigate the impact of COVID-19 onto GDP, unemployment, and EU public debt. Correlation-regression analysis confirms the positive correlation between these variables and the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the economic crisis, a crisis of EU health systems, which requires huge economic investments. A more prominent economic recovery is hard to expect until the global pandemic ends. One thing is for certain, this economic crisis will continue in 2021, whereby a more significant recovery is expected only in the year 2022. Certainly, it will take years to make up for the economic losses caused by the pandemic. © 2021 Aleksandar Crossed D signukić et al., published by Sciendo.},
author_keywords={COVID-19 pandemic;  economic crisis;  EU;  EU GDP;  EU macroeconomic aggregates},
references={Baldwin, R., Weder Di Mauro, B., (2020) Mitigating the COVID Economic Crisis: Act Fast and Do Whatever It Takes, A VoxEU, , org eBook, CEPR Press; Barrero, J.M., Bloom, N., Davis, S.J., COVID-19 is Also a Reallocation Shock (2020) NBER Working Paper 27137; Bénassy-Quéré, A., Weder Di Mauro, B., (2020) Europe in the Time of Covid-19, A VoxEU, , org eBook, CEPR Press; Bénassy-Quéré, A., Marimon, R., Pisani-Ferry, J., Reichlin, L., Schoenmaker, D., Weder Di Mauro, B., (2020) COVID-19: Europe Needs A Catastrophe Relief Plan, , VoxEU.org, 11 March; Dingel, J., Neiman, B., How Many Jobs Can be Done at Home? (2020) Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers, 1, pp. 16-24. , Also Voxeu.org column; Krueger, D., (2009) Macroeconomics, University of Pennsylvania, Pages 10, , https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_940, Europe's moment: Repair and prepare for the next generation; Gormsen, N.J., Koijen, R.S.J., Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations (2020) Working Paper, University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Also VoxEU.org Column; Hensvik, L., Le Barbanchon, T., Rathelot, R., Which jobs are done from home? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey (2020) CEPR Discussion Paper 14611, , https://europa.eu/european-union/coronavirus-response_en; Jovičić, M., (2002) Ekonometrijski Metodi (Eng. Econometrics Methods), , Faculty of Economics Belgrade, Belgrade; Koren, M., Peto, R., Business Disruptions from Social Distancing (2020) Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers 2, CEPR Press. Also VoxEU.org Column; Maliszewska, Maryla, Mattoo, Aaditya, Van, Mensbrugghe, (2020) The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on BDP and Trade: A Preliminary Assessment, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33605License:CCBY3.0IGO, Dominique, Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9211. World Bank, Washington, DC. World Bank; Pagano, M., Wagner, C., Zechner, J., (2020) COVID-19, Asset Prices, and the Great Reallocation, , A VoxEU.org eBook, CEPR Press; Martin, I., What is the Expected Return on the Market? (2017) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132 (1), pp. 367-433; Martin, I.W., Wagner, C., What is the Expected Return on a Stock? (2019) The Journal of Finance, 74 (4), pp. 1887-1929; (2020) Coronavirus: The World Economy at Risk, , https://www.oecd.org/berlin/publikationen/Interim-Economic-Assessment-2-March-2020.pdf, OECD Interim Economic Assessment; Pagano, M., Wagner, C., Zechner, J., Disaster Resilience and Asset Prices (2020) CEPR Discussion Paper 14773 and Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers 21; Policy Responses to COVID-19, IMF, , https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19; Ramelli, S., Wagner, A., Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19 (2020) CEPR Discussion Paper 14511. Also VoxEU.org Column; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, , https://www.bls.gov/news.release/laus.nr0.htm; (2021) 2021 Global Economic Prospects, January, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34710License:CCBY3.0IGO, World Bank, Washington, DC: World Bank. World Bank; Haque, M., Nabila, N., Abdel-Razzaq, A., Shaznin, K., THE ECONOMIC INFLUENCE on CONSUMERS BUYING BEHAVIOR in ISLAMIC COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE from the COVID-19 ECONOMIC CRISIS (2021) ECONOMICS, 9 (1), pp. 179-204. , https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2021-0003; Kolluru, D.M.K., A STUDY of GLOBAL RECESSION RECOVERY STRATEGIES in HIGHLY RANKED GDP EU COUNTRIES (2021) ECONOMICS, 9 (1), pp. 85-106. , https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2021-0011; Clemens, K.S., Matkovic, J., Faasse, K., Geers, A.L., Determinants of safety-focused product purchasing in the United States at the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Safety Science, 130, p. 104894. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104894; Crabbe, M., (2020) Research Your Way out of A Crisis: COVID-19 'S E?ect on Consumer Behavior, , https://www.mintel.com/blog/consumer-marketnews/research-your-way-out-of-a-crisis-Covid-19s-e?ect-on-consumer-behaviour, March 3, [Marketing Research]. Mintel; Chinazzi, M., Davis, J.T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., Piontti, A.P., Viboud, C., The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9757, A. P., MU; Durcova, J., The Impact of Interest Rate Transmission Channel on the Prices Development in the Eurozone Countries (2021) Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 17 (2), pp. 23-35},
correspondence_address1={Crossed D signukić, A.; High School of Catering, Bosnia and Herzegovina; email: djukicaleksandar84@gmail.com},
issn={23035013},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bizri2021,
author={Bizri, N.A. and Alam, W. and Mobayed, T. and Tamim, H. and Makki, M. and Mushrrafieh, U.},
title={COVID-19 in conflict region: the arab levant response},
journal={BMC Public Health},
year={2021},
volume={21},
number={1},
doi={10.1186/s12889-021-11580-4},
art_number={1590},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113420703&doi=10.1186%2fs12889-021-11580-4&partnerID=40&md5=a1a42f418ce7d5e8b791ca6120fc91c3},
affiliation={Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Clinical Research Institute, Biostatistics Unit, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, COVID-19 Unit Director, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon},
abstract={Background: COVID-19 has hit the world in an unprecedented way causing serious repercussions on several aspects of our life. Multiple determinants have affected various nations’ level of success in their responses towards the pandemic. The Arab Levant region in the Middle East, notoriously known for repeated wars and conflicts, has been affected, similarly to other regions, by this pandemic. The combination of war, conflict, and a pandemic brings too much of a burden for any nation to handle. Methods: A descriptive analysis of data obtained from the health departments of various Arab Levant Countries (ALC) was performed. ALC include Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine. The data collected involves incidence, recovery rate, case fatality rate and number of tests performed per million population, Global Health Security index, government stringency index, and political stability index. The information obtained was compared and analyzed among the ALC and compared to global figures. An extensive electronic literature search to review all relevant articles and reports published from the region was conducted. The 2019 Global Health Security (GHS) index was obtained from the “GHS index” website which was made by John Hopkins University’s center for health security, the Nuclear threat Initiative (NTI) and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). Government stringency index and political stability index were obtained from the University of Oxford and the website of “The Global Economy”, respectively. Other world governance indicators such as government effectiveness were obtained from the World Bank website. Results: In terms of incidence of COVID-19, Iraq has the highest with 9665 per one million population, Syria the lowest at 256 per million. Deaths per million population was highest in Iraq at 237, and the lowest in Syria at 12. As for number of tests per million population, Lebanon ranked first at 136,033 with Iraq fourth at 59,795. There is no data available for the tests administered in Syria and subsequently no value for tests per million population. In terms of recoveries from COVID-19 per million population, Iraq had the highest number at 7903 per million, and Syria the lowest at 68 per million. When compared as percent recovery per million, Palestine ranked first (84%) and Syria last (27%). The government response stringency index shows that Jordan had the highest index (100) early in the pandemic among the other countries. Palestine’s index remained stable between 80 and 96. The other countries’ indices ranged from 50 to 85, with Lebanon seeing a drop to 24 in mid-August. Even with improved stringency index, Iraq reported an increased number of deaths. Conclusion: In countries devastated by war and conflict, a pandemic such as COVID-19 can easily spread. The Arab Levant countries represent a breeding ground for pandemics given their unstable political and economic climate that has undoubtedly affected their healthcare systems. In the era of COVID-19, looking at healthcare systems as well as political determinants is needed to assess a country’s readiness towards the pandemic. The unrest in Lebanon, the uprising in Iraq, the restrictions placed on Syria, and the economic difficulties in Palestine are all examples of determinants affecting pandemic management. Jordan, on the contrary, is a good example of a stable state, able to implement proper measures. Political stability index should be used as a predictor for pandemic management capacity, and individual measures should be tailored towards countries depending on their index. © 2021, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Arab Levant;  Conflict;  COVID-19;  Iraq;  Jordan;  Lebanon;  Palestine;  political climate;  political stability index;  Syria;  War;  world governance indicators},
keywords={Arab;  epidemiology;  human;  Lebanon;  Syrian Arab Republic, Arabs;  COVID-19;  Humans;  Lebanon;  SARS-CoV-2;  Syria},
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United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, , https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/palestine-and-covid-19-global-standards-local-constraints; PRCS response plan To Covid-19 (2020) - occupied Palestinian territory [Internet] (2020) Reliefweb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, , https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/prcs-response-plan-covid-19-2020; AlKhaldi, M., Kaloti, R., Shella, D., Al Basuoni, A., Meghari, H., Health system's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in conflict settings: Policy reflections from Palestine (2020) Glob Public Health, 15 (8), pp. 1244-1256; WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report 47, , https://who.createsend1.com/t/ViewEmail/j/89ADFDDCAFDB0EFF2540EF23F30FEDED, issued October 8, 2020 [Internet]. WHO18. World Health Organization; 2020 [cited October 9, 2020]. 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European Institute of the Mediterranean; 2018 [cited August 9, 2020] (2018) Available From, , https://www.academia.edu/37125527/Jordan_in_2018_Too_Stable_to_Fail_Too_Small_to_Flourish; Santucci, E., ; Alqutob, R., Al Nsour, M., Tarawneh, M.R., COVID-19 Crisis in Jordan: Response, Scenarios, Strategies, and Recommendations (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6 (3). , (,):,., https://doi.org/10.2196/19332; Guillen, M., The politics of Pandemics: Why some Countries respond better than others [Internet] (2020) Wharton University of Pennsylvania, , https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/politics-pandemics-countries-respond-better-others/, knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu; Kapiriri, L., Ross, A., The Politics of Disease Epidemics: a Comparative Analysis of the SARS, Zika, and Ebola Outbreaks (2020) Glob Soc Welf, 7 (1), pp. 33-45. , (,):., https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-018-0123-y},
correspondence_address1={Alam, W.; Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanon; email: alamwalid94@gmail.com},
publisher={BioMed Central Ltd},
issn={14712458},
pubmed_id={34445976},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={BMC Public Health},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{WhiteIII2021441,
author={White III, G.O. and Rajwani, T. and Lawton, T.C.},
title={Open for business in a closed world? Managing MNE nonmarket strategy in times of populism and geopolitical uncertainty},
journal={Multinational Business Review},
year={2021},
volume={29},
number={4},
pages={441-450},
doi={10.1108/MBR-06-2021-0077},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114248092&doi=10.1108%2fMBR-06-2021-0077&partnerID=40&md5=c4778257161bb8aa4f0677f8430e1c67},
affiliation={School of Management, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, United States; Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Asian Institute of Management, Makati City, Philippines; Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom},
abstract={Purpose: The international strategies of multinational enterprises are increasingly augmented by insights on, and approaches to, external stakeholders and nonmarket dynamics. The rise of populism and increased geopolitical uncertainty have accelerated these efforts, particularly for business leaders anticipating and engaging external agents, events, and issues that challenge the strategic objectives of their enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper we explain why the increased preponderance of populism and geopolitical uncertainty are concurrently posing an existential threat to the post-Cold War global economy predicated on free trade and (relatively) open borders and, consequently, challenging the structures and strategies of international business. Findings: We provide an overview of the four papers in our special issue and consider how each advances insights on how multinational enterprises effectively navigate the nonmarket uncertainties of the contemporary global economy. We then advance four important areas for international business research on multinational nonmarket strategies: (i) resilience and legitimacy; (ii), diversification; (iii), market and nonmarket strategy integration; and (iv), institutional arbitrage. Research limitations/implications: We anticipate that nonmarket strategy scholars can build on these themes to assess how nonmarket strategies can better enable multinational enterprises to survive and thrive in an age of heightened global risk and uncertainty. Originality/value: This paper and the related special issue provides novel theoretical insights by drawing attention to the relatively under-researched realm of multinational enterprise nonmarket strategy, particularly in populist contexts and during periods of geopolitical uncertainty. Importantly, we identify four promising domains – resilience and legitimacy, diversification, the integration of market and nonmarket strategy, and institutional arbitrage – for international business scholars investigating nonmarket strategy to consider. We anticipate that our paper, as well as other papers in this special issue, contribute further momentum to this burgeoning area of research. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={Geopolitical uncertainty;  MNE non-market strategy;  Populism},
funding_text 1={We would like to thank the editors of Multinational Business Review for hosting the special issue. We are particularly grateful to Chang Hoon Oh for his most helpful guidance, editorial suggestions, and terrific support.},
references={Avioutskii, V., Tensaout, M., Does politics matters? Partisan FDI in Central and Eastern Europe (2016) Multinational Business Review, 24 (4), pp. 375-398; Bach, D., Allen, D.B., What every CEO needs to know about nonmarket strategy (2010) MIT Sloan Management Review, 51 (3), pp. 41-48; Baron, D., The nonmarket strategy system (1995) Sloan Management Review, 37 (1), pp. 73-85; Boisot, M., Meyer, M., Which way through the open door? Reflections on the internationalization of Chinese firms (2008) Management & Organization Review, 4 (3), pp. 349-365; Bouquet, C., Birkinshaw, J., Weight versus voice: How foreign subsidiaries gain attention from corporate headquarters (2008) Academy of Management Journal, 51 (3), pp. 577-601; Brewer, T.L., Government policies, market imperfections, and foreign direct Investment (1993) Journal of International Business Studies, 24 (1), pp. 101-120; Buckley, P.O., Is the international business research agenda running out of steam? (2002) Journal of International Business Studies, 33 (2), pp. 365-373; Cantwell, J., Dunning, J., Lundan, S., An evolutionary approach to understanding international business activity: the co-evolution of MNEs and the institutional environment (2010) Journal of International Business Studies, 41 (4), pp. 567-586; Darendeli, I., Hill, T.L., Rajwani, T., Cheng, Y., Surviving the Arab spring: socially beneficial product portfolios and resilience to political shock (2021) Multinational Business Review, 29 (4); Doh, J.P., Lawton, T.C., Rajwani, T., Advancing nonmarket strategy reseach: institutional perspectives in a changing world (2012) Academy of Management Perspectives, 26 (3), pp. 22-39; De Villa, M.A., Rajwani, T., Lawton, T.C., Mellahi, K., To engage or not to engage with host governments: corporate political activity and host-country political risk (2019) Global Strategy Journal, 9 (2), pp. 208-242; Devinney, T., Hartwell, C., Varieties of populism (2020) Global Strategy Journal, 10 (1), pp. 32-66; García-Canal, E., Guillén, M.F., Risk and the strategy of foreign location choice in regulated industries (2008) Strategic Management Journal, 29 (10), pp. 1097-1115; Gaur, A.S., Lu, J.W., Ownership strategies and survival of foreign subsidiaries: Impacts of institutional distance and experience (2007) Journal of management, 33 (1), pp. 84-110; Globerman, S., A new era for foreign direct investment? (2017) Multinational Business Review, 25 (1), pp. 5-10; Henisz, W.J., Delios, A., Uncertainty, imitation, and plant location: Japanese multinational corporations, 1990-1996 (2001) Administrative Science Quarterly, 46 (3), pp. 443-475; Henisz, W.J., Zelner, B.A., Legitimacy, interest group pressures, and change in emergent institutions: the case of foreign investors and host country governments (2005) Academy of Management Review, 30 (2), pp. 361-382; John, A., Lawton, T.C., International political risk management: perspectives, approaches and emerging agendas (2018) International Journal of Management Reviews, 20 (4), pp. 847-879; Kobrin, S.J., Political risk: a review and reconsideration (1979) Journal of International Business Studies, 10 (1), pp. 67-80; Lawton, T.C., Rajwani, T., (2015) The Routledge Companion to Non-Market Strategy, , Routledge, London; Lawton, T.C., Doh, J.P., Rajwani, T., (2014) Aligning for Advantage: Competitive strategies for the political and social arenas, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Lawton, T.C., Dorobantu, S., Rajwani, T.S., Sun, P., The implications of COVID‐19 for nonmarket strategy research (2020) Journal of Management Studies, 57 (8), pp. 1732-1736; Meyer, K.E., International business in an era of anti-globalization (2017) Multinational Business Review, 25 (2), pp. 78-90; Miller, K.D., A framework for integrated risk management in international business (1992) Journal of International Business Studies, 23 (2), pp. 311-331; Oestreich, J.E., What can businesses do to appease anti-globalization protestors? (2002) Business & Society Review, 107 (2), pp. 207-220; Oh, C.H., Shapiro, D., Ho, S.S.H., Shin, J., Location matters: valuing firm- specific nonmarket risk in the global mining industry (2020) Strategic Management Journal, 41 (7), pp. 1210-1244; Ó Tuathail, G., Understanding critical geopolitics: geopolitics and risk society (1999) The Journal of Strategic Studies, 22 (2-3), pp. 107-124; Sun, P., Doh, J.P., Rajwani, T., Siegel, D., Navigating cross-border institutional complexity: a review and assessment of multinational nonmarket strategy (2021) Journal of International Business Studies; Viatcheslav, A., Tensaout, M., Does politics matter? Partisan FDI in Central and Eastern Europe (2016) Multinational Business Review, 24 (4), pp. 375-398; White, G.O., III, Hemphill, T.A., Joplin, J.R.W., Marsh, L.A., Wholly owned foreign subsidiary relations-based strategies in volatile environments (2014) International Business Review, 23 (1), pp. 303-312; White, G.O., III, Boddewyn, J.J., Galang, R.M.N., Legal system contingencies as determinants of political tie intensity by wholly owned foreign subsidiaries: Insights from the Philippines (2015) Journal of World Business, 50 (2), pp. 342-356. , No; White, G.O., III, Boddewyn, J.J., Rajwani, T., Hemphill, T.A., Regulator vulnerabilities to political pressures and political tie intensity: the moderating effects of regulatory and political distance (2018) Management International Review, 58 (5), pp. 743-769; White, G.O., III, Fainshmidt, S., Rajwani, T., Antecedents and outcomes of political tie intensity: institutional and strategic fit perspectives (2018) Journal of International Management, 24 (1), pp. 1-15; White, G.O., III, Hemphill, T.A., Rajwani, T., Boddewyn, J.J., Does context really matter? The influence of deficient legal services on the intensity of political ties in the regulatory and legal arenas (2020) Multinational Business Review, 28 (3), pp. 277-305; Liou, R., Brown, L., Hasija, D., Political animosity in cross-border acquisitions: EMNCs market and nonmarket strategy in a developed market (2021) Multinational Business Review, 29 (4); Lupton, N.C., Behnam, D., Jimenez, A., Taking advantage of institutional weakness? Political stability and foreign subsidiary survival in primary industries (2021) Multinational Business Review, 29 (4); Yeo, Y., Lee, S., Real options flexibility or risk diversification: risk management of US MNEs when facing risk or war (2021) Multinational Business Review, 29 (4)},
correspondence_address1={White III, G.O.; School of Management, United States; email: gowhite@umich.edu},
publisher={Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.},
issn={1525383X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Multinational Bus. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuznetsov2021700,
author={Kuznetsov, A.V.},
title={Direct Investment from Russia Abroad: Changes since 2018},
journal={Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences},
year={2021},
volume={91},
number={6},
pages={700-707},
doi={10.1134/S1019331621060162},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124096028&doi=10.1134%2fS1019331621060162&partnerID=40&md5=3b2ad83dc25261e9fe96cededb11930d},
affiliation={MGIMO University, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation; Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION), Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation},
abstract={Abstract: The article considers the specifics of Russian foreign direct investment outflows in 2018–the first half of 2020. Three main reasons for the new stagnation of Russian foreign investment expansion are identified: 1) the strengthening of “sanctions war” with the West after the election of Vladimir Putin for the 4th presidential term; 2) the slowdown in the global economy in 2018–2019 against the background of relatively low prices for hydrocarbons and other raw materials exported from Russia; and 3) the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. These factors resulted in a reduction of both outward foreign direct investment stocks by Russian MNEs (partially due to revaluation of their assets after the collapse of the ruble rate), and a decrease in investments of wealthy Russians in foreign real estate as well as pseudo-foreign investment because of the regular attempts to conduct de-offshorization. Based on a study conducted at INION within the framework of the international program for studying MNEs from emerging markets, a list of leading Russian non-financial MNEs by the end of 2019 is presented. Further prospects of Russian direct investment are shown at the end of the article. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.},
author_keywords={effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the economy;  FDI;  FDI statistics;  foreign direct investment;  investments in foreign real estate;  MNEs;  round-tripping FDI;  Russian multinational enterprises;  “sanctions war” with the West},
references={Liuhto, K.T., Majuri, S.S., Outward foreign direct investment from Russia: A literature review (2014) J. East–West Bus., 20, pp. 198-224; (2020) World Investment Report 2020: International Production beyond the Pandemic, , UNCTAD, Geneva; Kalotay, K., (2020) Encyclopedia of International Economics and Global Trade, , A quarter century of global foreign direct investment: A shifting landscape; Liuhto, K., (2015) Motivations of Russian Firms to Invest Abroad: How Do Sanctions Affect Russia’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment?, (4), pp. 4-19. , https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2015-4-1, Baltic Reg; Bulatov, A.S., Today’s Russian economic system and its external economic aspects,” Ross. Sovr (2020) Mir, No., 2, pp. 158-168; Official Exchange Rates on Selected Date, , http://cbr.ru/eng/currency_base/daily/; Direct Investment of the Russian Federation Abroad: Positions by Instrument and Partner Country (Directional Principle, , http://cbr.ru/vfs/eng/statistics/credit_statistics/direct_investment/16e-dir_inv.xlsx; Direct Investment of the Russian Federation Abroad: Flows by Instrument and Partner Country, , http://cbr.ru/vfs/eng/statistics/credit_statistics/direct_investment/18e-dir_inv.xls; Kheyfets, B.A., Deoffshorization and anti-Russian sanctions,” Russ (2018) Foreign Econ. J., 8, p. 15‒31; (2019) Which Countries Do Russians Buy Real Estate More Often, , https://www.cre.ru/analytics/74296; Kachmazov, G., (2020) With Capital Abroad, , https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4299818, Kommersant; Vatnik, K., (2020) Russians Remain the Largest Buyers of Real Estate in Montenegro, , https://prian.ru/news/rossiyane-ostayutsya-krupneyshimi-pokupatelyami-nedvizhimosti-v-chernogorii.html; Kuznetsov, A.V., Evaluation methods of Russian direct investments abroad (2018) Econ. Contemp, 4, p. 37‒50. , Russia; Timofeev, I., Morozov, V., Timofeeva, Y., (2020) Sanctions against Russia: A Look into 2020, (51). , Russ. Int. Aff. Council Rep; (2019) Russian Statistical Yearbook, , Rosstat, Moscow, in Russian},
correspondence_address1={Kuznetsov, A.V.; MGIMO UniversityRussian Federation; email: Kuznetsov_alexei@mail.ru},
publisher={Pleiades journals},
issn={10193316},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Her. Russ. Acad. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stahl2021489,
author={Stahl, D.},
title={Confronting US imperialism with international law. Central America and the arms trade of the inter-war period},
journal={Journal of Modern European History},
year={2021},
volume={19},
number={4},
pages={489-509},
doi={10.1177/16118944211051861},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120795302&doi=10.1177%2f16118944211051861&partnerID=40&md5=880a21a0fa20817f1bdfd72320b75543},
affiliation={Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany},
abstract={This article analyses attempts to regulate the access to arms in Central America from the beginning of the World War I to the end of the 1920s. During these years, the USA was not only the politically and economically dominant force in the region – they were also the main provider of weapons. In a region where societies were reshaped by the integration into a global economy, political groups depended on the access to weapons to enforce their claims for power. This gave the US government the possibility to use arms exports as well as arms embargos to shape politics in the region. Within this setting, arms control through international law became a contested subject. The First World War boosted international debates about disarmament. The Wilson administration joined these debates with proposals, which would have enabled Washington to better control the flow of arms into the Western Hemisphere. Central American governments, on the other hand, joined disarmament negotiations in Geneva to shape international law in a way to restrict Washington’s influence in the region and to ensure equal treatment at the international level. The impact of this conflict was not limited to the Western Hemisphere, and it left its imprint on European disarmament policies. Thus, this article reveals how international arms control was inscribed at the same time in imperial and anti-imperial agendas in a region with formally sovereign states. © The Author(s) 2021.},
author_keywords={anti-imperialism;  Arms trade;  Central America;  disarmament;  imperialism;  international law},
funding_details={Fritz Thyssen StiftungFritz Thyssen Stiftung, 001GE, 10.20},
funding_text 1={The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (Grant Number 10.20.K.001GE).},
correspondence_address1={Stahl, D.; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaGermany; email: daniel.stahl@uni-jena.de},
publisher={SAGE Publications Inc.},
issn={16118944},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Mod. Eur. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sweet20211109,
author={Sweet, R.},
title={Concealing Conflict Markets: How Rebels and Firms Use State Institutions to Launder Wartime Trade},
journal={International Organization},
year={2021},
volume={75},
number={4},
pages={1109-1132},
doi={10.1017/S0020818321000205},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105121560&doi=10.1017%2fS0020818321000205&partnerID=40&md5=a40159599f062bebb00feec9267faf9b},
abstract={Although rebel groups are players on the international stage, little is known about their financial strategies at this scale. Existing research suggests that rebels succeed in cross-border trade by using informal networks that evade state authority. Yet rebels face a critical challenge: they operate in a normative environment that values state recognition and penalizes their illegitimate status. New evidence reveals that rebels can overcome this barrier and better connect to global economies not by evading the state but by infiltrating its institutions. Drawing on unprecedented data - the internal records of armed groups and their trading partners - I examine how rebels use state agencies in conflict zones to manufacture a legal cover for wartime trade. By using state agencies to provide false certification, rebels can place the stamp of state on their trade deals. This strategy of legal appropriation is a fundamentally different model of how conflict markets skirt sanctions and connect to global buyers. I develop a framework for how this strategy works that traces how international sovereignty norms and sanctions regimes create incentives for rebels, firms, and bureaucrats to coordinate around this legal veneer across the supply chain. The framework and evidence contribute theoretical and policy understandings for rebel governance, state building and fragmentation, and illicit global markets. Copyright © The IO Foundation, 2021.},
author_keywords={Africa;  civil war;  conflict economies;  Democratic Republic of the Congo;  Illicit markets;  natural resources;  sanctions;  sovereignty norms;  state institutions},
references={Ariel, A., King, C., The Warlord As Arbitrageur (2012) Theory and Society, 41 (2), pp. 169-186; Karen, B., Sherman, J., (2003) The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance, , eds. Lynne Rienner; Tim, B., (2015) Looking behind the Label: Global Industries and the Conscientious Consumer, , Indiana University Press; Andrea, C., (2011) UN Sanctions and Conflict: Responding to Peace and Security Threats, , Routledge; Abram, C., Chayes, A., On Compliance (1993) International Organization, 47 (2), pp. 175-205; Jeffrey, C., (2013) Transnational Dynamics of Civil War, , Cambridge University Press; Alexander, C., Sharman, J.C., Transnational Corruption and the Globalized Individual (2017) Perspectives on Politics, 15 (3), pp. 732-753; Jeroen, C., Raeymaekers, T., (2002) European Companies and the Coltan Trade: An Update. International Peace Information Service; Pierre, E., (2009) Africa: Unity, Sovereignty, Sorrow, , Lynne Rienner; Tanisha, F., State Death in the International System (2004) International Organization, 58 (2), pp. 311-344; Michael, F., Nielson, D., Sharman, J.C., (2014) Global Shell Games: Experiments in Transnational Relations, Crime, and Terrorism, , Cambridge University Press; Kristian, G., Transnational Dimensions of Civil War (2007) Journal of Peace Research, 44 (3), pp. 293-309; Jennifer, H., (2013) What Rebels Want: Resources and Supply Networks in Wartime, , Cornell University Press; Jeffrey, H., The Creation and Maintenance of National Boundaries in Africa (1989) International Organization, 43 (4), pp. 673-692; Reyko, H., Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War (2016) International Security, 40 (4), pp. 89-126; Stathis, K., (2006) The Logic of Violence in Civil War, , Cambridge University Press; Stathis, K., Balcells, L., International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict (2010) American Political Science Review, 104 (3), pp. 415-429; Bart, K., In the eye of the storm: Sri-lanka's front-line civil servants in transition (2012) Development and Change, 43 (3), pp. 695-717; Krasner Stephen, D., (1999) Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, , Princeton University Press; Melissa, L., The International Politics of Incomplete Sovereignty: How Hostile Neighbors Weaken the State (2018) International Organization, 27 (2), pp. 283-315; Benjamin, L., Willis, G., Legitimacy in criminal governance: Managing a drug empire from behind bars (2019) American Political Science Review, 113 (2), pp. 584-606; Anna, L., Between Dirty Money and Development Capital: Somali Money Transfer Infrastructure under Global Scrutiny (2009) African Affairs, 108 (433), pp. 519-539; Päivil, L., Petter Gleditsch, N., Gilmore, E., A Diamond Curse? Civil War and a Lootable Resource (2005) The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49 (4), pp. 538-562; Kathleen, J., Thelen, M., (2010) Explaining Institutional Change, , Cambridge University Press; Zachariah, M., (2011) Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War, , Cornell University Press; Kate, M., Smuggling Ideologies: From Criminalization to Hybrid Governance in African Clandestine Economies (2014) African Affairs, 113 (453), pp. 497-517; Kenneth, M., Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping (2007) International Security, 31 (3), pp. 74-106; Dipali, M., (2014) Warlords, Strongman Governors, and the State in Afghanistan, , Cambridge University Press; Naylor, R.T., (2002) Wages of Crime: Black Markets, Illegal Finance, and the Underworld Economy, , Cornell University Press; Carolyn, N., (2007) Global Outlaws: Crime, Money, and Power in the Contemporary World, , University of California Press; (2016) OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264252479-en, 3rd ed. OECD Publishing; Sarah Elizabeth, P., Organizing rebellion: Rethinking high-risk mobilization and social networks in war (2013) American Political Science Review, 107 (3), pp. 1-15; Timothy, R., (2014) Violent Capitalism and Hybrid Identity in Eastern Congo: Power to the Margins, , Cambridge University Press; William, R., How sovereignty matters: International markets and the political economy of local Politics in Weak States (2001) Intervention and Transnationalism in Africa, pp. 197-215. , In, edited by Thomas Callaghy, Ronald Kassimir, and Robert Latham,. Cambridge University Press; William, R., Predatory rebels and governance: The national patriotic front of liberia, 1989-1992 (2015) Rebel Governance in Civil War, pp. 265-285. , edited by Ana Arjona, Nelson Kasfir, and Zachariah Mampilly,. 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The State of the State in North Kivu (DR Congo) (2003) African Affairs, 102 (408), pp. 429-446; (2006) House of Commons Minutes of Evidence, , HC 623-vii. 4 July; (2001) Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in Democratic Republic of Congo, , S/2001/357; (2001), Report of the Panel of Experts on Democratic Republic of the Congo. S/2001/1072; (2002), Report of the Panel of Experts on Democratic Republic of the Congo. S/2002/1146; (2015), Report of the Panel of Experts on Central Africa Republic. S/2015/936; (2017), Report on the Panel of Experts on Yemen. S/2017/81; (2010) The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, , https://www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@swaps/documents/file/hr4173_enrolledbill.pdf, Pub.L. 111-203, H.R. 4173. Section 1502: Conflict Minerals; (2013) SEC Conflict Minerals Rule: Information on Responsible Sourcing and Companies Affected, , https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-13-689.pdf, Government Accountability Office; Mukohya, V., Import and export in the second economy in north kivu (1991) The Real Economy of Zaire: The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth, pp. 73-41. , In, edited by Janet MacGaffey University of Pennsylvania Press; Jeremy, W., (2007) Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence, , Cambridge University Press; Achim, W., The role of business in armed violence reduction and prevention (2012) International Review of the Red Cross, 94 (887), pp. 919-940; Mark, Z., The territorial integrity norm: International boundaries and the use of force (2001) International Organization, 55 (2), pp. 215-250},
correspondence_address1={Sweet, R.email: rsweet@nd.edu; Sweet, R.email: rsweet@nd.edu},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={00208183},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Organ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Singh20211,
author={Singh, S.},
title={Energy Crisis and Climate Change: Global Concerns and Their Solutions},
journal={Energy: Crises, Challenges and Solutions},
year={2021},
pages={1-17},
doi={10.1002/9781119741503.ch1},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147836653&doi=10.1002%2f9781119741503.ch1&partnerID=40&md5=358ea717cc06daf6209a34bbdb90c524},
affiliation={Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India},
abstract={Addressing the energy crisis and climate change notions would entail dramatic policy changes in areas such as energy, global warming and forest management. Energy and climate are also discussed together as the global economy was fuelled by fossil fuels, which could change the environment since the industrial revolution. This could lead to climate change that would be difficult and expensive to respond to. Fossil fuels play a significant role in the governance of economic growth, industrialization and human health. It is a fact that man's over-reliance on carbon trading is a huge mistake that could even lead to violent war between powerful nations and lead to political instability. The global energy system, therefore, calls for significant transformative steps to combat global climate change. If greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels burning continue unabated, a radical environmental transformation will be observed. Therefore, it is essential to direct efforts to support climate change goals at the national and global level in orthography policy. The fact that energy demand and supply trends are themselves influenced by climate change is well known. Therefore, they must be well understood to be integrated into processes designed to research the decarbonization pathways of the energy system. In this chapter, we summarize where we stand and what remains to be done with regard to global energy security and climate change mitigation. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
author_keywords={Climate change;  Fossil fuels;  Global warming;  Greenhouse gases;  Renewable energy;  Sustainable development},
references={Baumert, K., Herzog, T., Pershing, J., (2005) Navigating the Numbers: Greenhouse Gas Data and International Climate Policy, , World Resources Institute; Fawzy, S., Osman, A., Doran, J., Rooney, D.W., Strategies for mitigation of climate change: A review (2020) Environmental Chemistry Letters, pp. 1-26; Burtraw, D., Regulating CO2 in electricity markets: Sources or consumers? (2008) Climate Policy (Earthscan), 8 (6), pp. 588-606; Canadell, J., Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, pp. 18866-18870; Dias, G.F., (2006) Human Ecological Footprint and Sustainability, , Gaia, Säo Paulo; den Elzen, M.G.J., Meinshausen, M., Meeting the EU 2°C climate target: Global and regional emission implications (2006) Climate Policy, 6, pp. 545-564; Field, C.B., Vicente, R.B., Dokken, D.J., Katherine, J.M., Mastrandrea, M.D., Technical summary (2014) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, pp. 35-94. , in Christopher B. Field, Vicente R. Barros, David Jon Dokken, Katherine J. Mach, Michael D. Mastrandrea, et al. (eds.) Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, New York: Cambridge University Press; Friedman, T., As Toyota goes (2005) The New York Times, , http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/17/opinion/17friedman.html, (accessed 15 December 2020); Giddens, A., (2011) The Politics of Climate Change, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Gillett, N., Matthews, H., Accounting for carbon cycle feedbacks in a comparison of the global warming effects of greenhouse gases (2010) Environmental Research Letters, 5, p. 034011; Gregory, J.M., Stouffer, R.J., Raper, S.C.B., Stott, P.A., Rayner, N.A., An observationally based estimate of the climate sensitivity (2002) Journal of Climate, 15, pp. 3117-3121; Held, D., Hervey, A., Theros, M., (2011) The Governance of Climate Change: Science, Economics, Politics and Ethics, , eds., Cambridge: Polity Press; Helm, D., Hepburn, C., (2009) The Economics and Politics of Climate Change, , Oxford University Press; Helweg-Larsen, T., Bull, J., (2007) Zero Carbon Britain, , Centre for Alternative Technology, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales; (2007) Impacts; Adaptation and Vulnerability, , Report of Working Group II, Brussell; Summary for policymakers (2011) IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, , O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, et al. (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY; Global warming of 1.5 °C (2018) An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and eforts to eradicate poverty, , https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf, In: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H. O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A., et al. (eds) (accessed 22 December 2020); Special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate (2019) 51st Session of the IPCC, , Monaco, 25 September 2019; Lacis, A.A., Greenhouse effect. In: Liu, G., Ed (2012) Greenhouse Gases-Emissions, Measurement and Management, pp. 5-110. , Intech, Crocia; Levitus, S., Antonov, J., Boyer, T., (2005) Geophysical Research Letters, 32, p. L02604. , https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021592; Makhijani, A., (2008) Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free: A Roadmap for US Energy Policy, , Rdr Books, Berkeley; Martinot, E., Junfeng, L., (2007) Powering China's Development: The Role of Renewable Energy, , Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC; Mendenhall, C.D., Karp, D.S., Meyer, C.F., Hadly, E.A., Daily, G.C., Predicting biodiversity change and averting collapse in agricultural landscapes (2014) Nature, 509, pp. 213-217; Morice, C.P., Kennedy, J.J., Rayner, N.A., Jones, P.D., Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: The HadCRUT4 dataset (2012) Journal of Geophysical Reearch, 117, p. D08101; Myles, Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne (2009) Nature, 458, p. 30; Nathan, P., Daithi, A., Peter, A.S., Attribution of polar warming to human influence (2008) Nature Geoscience, 1, pp. 750-754; Newton, D.E., (2012) World Energy Crisis: A Reference Handbook, p. 334. , ABC-CLIO, Incorporated; (2004) Renewables for Power Generation: Status and Prospect, , OECD/IEA; Parry, I.W.H., Williams, R.C., Efficiency and distributional trade-offs in recycling carbon cap-and-trade revenues (2013) B. E. J. Econ. Anal. Policy; Rees, W.E., The built environment and the ecosphere: A global perspective (1999) Building Research and Information, 27 (4), pp. 206-220; (2017) Renewables 2017 Global Status Report, , Paris: REN21; Siddall, M., Stocker, T.F., Clark, P.U., Constrains on future sea-level from past sea-level change (2009) Nature Geoscience, 2, pp. 571-575; Tsai, W.T., Chou, Y.H., An overview of renewable energy utilization from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in Taiwan (2006) Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, pp. 491-502; (2001) World Urbanization Project: The 1999 Revision, , New York: The United Nations Population Division; Valentine, S.V., Emerging symbiosis: Renewable energy and energy security (2011) Renewble & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, pp. 4572-4578; Varun, R.P., Bhat, I.K., Energy, economics and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems (2009) Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, pp. 2716-2721. , Veritas. Press Release, 2004; Wang, B., Liang, X.J., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Wei, Y.M., Vulnerability of hydropower generation to climate change in China: Results based on Grey forecasting model (2014) Energy Policy, 65, pp. 701-707; Wang, B., Nistor, I., Murty, T., Wei, Y.M., Efficiency assessment of hydroelectric power plants in Canada: A multi criteria decision making approach (2014) Energy Economics, 46, pp. 112-121; Wei, Y.M., Wu, G., Liang, Q.M., Liao, H., (2012) China Energy Report (2012): Energy Security Research, , Science Press, Beijing; Wei, Y.M., Liao, H., Wang, K., Hao, Y., (2014) China Energy Report (2014): Energy Poverty Research, , Science Press, Beijing; (2006) Climate Change Impacts in the Amazon-Review of scientific literature, WorldWide Fund for Nature. Presentation at the 8th UN Conference of the Parties to the Biodiversity Convention},
correspondence_address1={Singh, S.; Department of Botany, India},
publisher={wiley},
isbn={9781119741503; 9781119741442},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Energy: Crises, Challen. and Solut.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Anis20211821,
author={Anis, S. and Khan, M.M. and Ali, Z. and Khan, A. and Arsalan, H.M. and Naeem, S. and Saleem, I. and Qamar, S. and Khan, M.M. and Ahmad, A. and Ahmed, N.},
title={Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19): An updated review on epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical course, treatments, migrant health concerns and risk factors predictions},
journal={Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences},
year={2021},
volume={34},
number={5},
pages={1821-1836},
doi={10.36721/PJPS.2021.34.5.REG.1821-1836.1},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118998915&doi=10.36721%2fPJPS.2021.34.5.REG.1821-1836.1&partnerID=40&md5=79fd055256f860e06dec545a7d3d7cc9},
affiliation={College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, Dalian, China; Faculty of Biosciences, COMSATS University sub campus Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan; Rashid Latif College of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Green International University, Abu Umara Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; Departmentof Homeopathy, Pakistan Homoeopath, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Chemical Engineering, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia},
abstract={The COVID-19 epidemic is considered the most important health disaster of the century and the largest humanitarian crisis since World War II. In December 2019, a new respiratory disease/disorder was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and World Health Organization named it COVID-19 (coronavirus 2019). It has been diagnosed with a new class of corona virus, called SARS-CoV-2 (a serious respiratory disease). According to the history of human civilization it is affected by the incidence of disease outbreaks caused by the number of viruses. Covid-19 is rapidly spreading across the globe, due to which mankind faces major health, economic, environmental and social challenges. The outbreak of coronavirus is seriously affecting the global economy. Almost all nations have problems limiting the spread of the disease by screening and treating patients, setting up suspects by keeping in touch, blocking large gatherings, maintaining full or partial closure etc. This paper describes the impact of COVID-19 on society and the global environment, and the ways in which the disease is likely to be controlled have been discussed. © 2021 Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  Diagnosis;  Innate immunity;  Transmission;  Treatment;  Vaccination;  Viral structure},
keywords={antivirus agent;  convalescent plasma;  interferon;  monoclonal antibody;  nucleic acid, cell destruction;  clinical feature;  clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat;  coronavirus disease 2019;  COVID-19 nucleic acid testing;  COVID-19 serological testing;  disease course;  disease predisposition;  disease transmission;  economic aspect;  economic recession;  environmental impact;  health;  health care planning;  health equity;  health service;  health status;  high risk population;  human;  immune response;  innate immunity;  mental health;  migrant;  nonhuman;  pandemic;  pathogenicity;  physical chemistry;  prediction;  prevention and control;  psychological aspect;  radiography;  real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction;  refugee;  Review;  risk factor;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  vaccination;  virus morphology;  workplace;  World Health Organization;  epidemic;  epidemiology;  migration;  pathogenicity;  pathology;  risk factor;  virology, COVID-19;  Disease Outbreaks;  Humans;  Risk Factors;  SARS-CoV-2;  Transients and Migrants},
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correspondence_address1={Ali, Z.; Faculty of Biosciences, Pakistan; email: zeshan.ali4412@outlook.com},
publisher={Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences},
issn={1011601X},
pubmed_id={34803021},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pak. J. Pharma. Sci.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lashkaripour2021,
author={Lashkaripour, A.},
title={The cost of a global tariff war: A sufficient statistics approach},
journal={Journal of International Economics},
year={2021},
volume={131},
doi={10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103419},
art_number={103419},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102506741&doi=10.1016%2fj.jinteco.2020.103419&partnerID=40&md5=47841066225ca203b3483f53a9c6ab1f},
affiliation={Indiana University, United States},
abstract={Tariff wars have reemerged as a serious threat to the global economy. Yet measuring the prospective cost of a global tariff war remains computationally prohibitive, unless we restrict attention to a small set of countries and industries. This paper develops a new methodology that measures the cost of a global tariff war in one simple step as a function of observable shares, industry-level trade elasticities, and markup wedges. Applying this methodology to data on 44 countries and 56 industries, I find that (i) the prospective cost of a global tariff war has more-than-doubled over the past fifteen years, with small downstream economies being the most vulnerable. (ii) Meanwhile, due to the rise of global markup distortions, the potential gains from cooperative tariff policies have also elevated to unprecedented levels. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},
keywords={cost;  global economy;  industry;  international trade;  tariff structure;  trade flow},
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Lit., 35 (1), pp. 113-120; Kucheryavyy, K., Lyn, G., Rodríguez-Clare, A., Grounded by Gravity: A Well-Behaved Trade Model with Industry-Level Economies of Scale (2016), (NBER Working Paper 22484); Lashkaripour, A., Lugovskyy, V., Profits, Scale Economies, and the Gains from Trade and Industrial Policy (2020), (Working Paper); Maggi, G., International trade agreements (2014) Handbook of International Economics, 4, pp. 317-390. , Elsevier; Mas-Colell, A., Whinston, M.D., Green, J.R., Microeconomic Theory (1995), 1. , Oxford University Press New York; Michalopoulos, C., Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries: Implications for the Millennium Round (1999), The World Bank; Opp, M.M., Tariff wars in the ricardian model with a continuum of goods (2010) J. Int. Econ., 80 (2), pp. 212-225; Ossa, R., Trade wars and trade talks with data (2014) Am. Econ. Rev., 104 (12), pp. 4104-4146; Ossa, R., Quantitative models of commercial policy (2016) Handbook of Commercial Policy, 1, pp. 207-259. , Elsevier; Ossa, R., A Quantitative Analysis of Subsidy Competition in the us (2019), (NBER Working Papers (20975)); Perroni, C., Whalley, J., The new regionalism: trade liberalization or insurance? (2000) Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d’économique, 33 (1), pp. 1-24; Timmer, M., Erumban, A.A., Gouma, R., Los, B., Temurshoev, U., de Vries, G.J., Arto, I.-A., Francois, J., The World Input-Output Database (WIOD): Contents, Sources and Methods. Technical Report (2012), Institute for International and Development Economics},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={00221996},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Trevino-Rangel2021777,
author={Trevino-Rangel, J.},
title={‘Cheap Merchandise’: Atrocity and Undocumented Migrants in Transit in Mexico’s War on Drugs},
journal={Critical Sociology},
year={2021},
volume={47},
number={4-5},
pages={777-793},
doi={10.1177/0896920520961815},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091529192&doi=10.1177%2f0896920520961815&partnerID=40&md5=8ca37d8f7fbd17bbc249d028d8bd5a3a},
affiliation={University of Northumbria, United Kingdom},
abstract={Undocumented migrants in transit in Mexico are victims of atrocity. The subject has been largely ignored by scholars, however, until recently when a number of migration experts became interested in the matter. Most observers argue that abuses suffered by migrants are the consequence of the ‘securitization’ of Mexican immigration policy. For them, Mexican authorities perceive migrants from Central America as a threat to national security and have hardened laws and migratory practices as a result, but there is insufficient evidence to support these claims. This article looks at the political economy of undocumented migration in transit in Mexico and the violence associated with it. It investigates the abuses suffered by migrants not as the result of supposed security policies but rather as the consequence of the interplay between local and global economies that generate profits from undocumented migration. The article explores the role played by state officials, cartels and ordinary Mexicans in the migration industry. © The Author(s) 2020.},
author_keywords={atrocity;  Central America;  human rights;  Mexico;  migration;  migration industry;  political economy;  war on drugs},
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correspondence_address1={Trevino-Rangel, J.; University of NorthumbriaUnited Kingdom; email: trevinorangel@northumbria.ac.uk},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={08969205},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Crit. Sociol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{AlShahrani2021343,
author={AlShahrani, I. and Hosmani, J. and Shankar, V.G. and AlShahrani, A. and Togoo, R.A. and Yassin, S.M. and Khan, S. and Patil, S.},
title={COVID-19 and cardiovascular system-a comprehensive review},
journal={Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine},
year={2021},
volume={22},
number={2},
pages={343-351},
doi={10.31083/j.rcm2202041},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111043605&doi=10.31083%2fj.rcm2202041&partnerID=40&md5=a737e599589017a37a5ea7e8c6b3dea9},
affiliation={Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia; Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia; Sree NRJV Specialists Dental Clinic, Bangalore, 560097, India; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, 3217, Australia; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia},
abstract={Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mystified cryptic virus has challenged the mankind that has brought life to a standstill. Catastrophic loss of life, perplexed healthcare system and the downfall of global economy are some of the outcomes of this pandemic. Humans are raging a war with an unknown enemy. Infections, irrespective of age and gender, and more so in comorbidities are escalating at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of death globally with an estimate of 31% of deaths worldwide out of which nearly 85% are due to heart attacks and stroke. Theoretically and practically, researchers have observed that persons with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are comparatively more vulnerable to the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, they have studied the data between less severe and more severe cases, survivors and non survivors, intensive care unit (ICU) patients and non ICU patients, to analyse the relationship and the influence of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health of an individual, further the risk of susceptibility to submit to the virus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive particular on the possible effects, either direct or indirect, of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular heath of an individual. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.},
author_keywords={ACE2;  Cardiovascular disorders;  Comorbidities;  COVID-19},
keywords={ascorbic acid;  azithromycin;  biological marker;  blood clotting factor;  budesonide;  chloroquine;  dexamethasone;  doxycycline;  favipiravir;  hydroxychloroquine;  ivermectin;  vitamin D;  antivirus agent;  cardiovascular agent, acute coronary syndrome;  cardiotoxicity;  cardiovascular disease;  cardiovascular system;  cerebrovascular accident;  comorbidity;  coronavirus disease 2019;  disease predisposition;  disease severity;  health care system;  heart infarction;  human;  non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction;  nonhuman;  pathogenesis;  QT prolongation;  Review;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  ST segment elevation myocardial infarction;  unstable angina pectoris;  cardiovascular disease;  cardiovascular system;  drug effect;  drug therapy;  host pathogen interaction;  mortality;  pathogenicity;  pathophysiology;  prognosis;  risk assessment;  risk factor;  virology, Antiviral Agents;  Cardiovascular Agents;  Cardiovascular Diseases;  Cardiovascular System;  Comorbidity;  COVID-19;  Host-Pathogen Interactions;  Humans;  Prognosis;  Risk Assessment;  Risk Factors;  SARS-CoV-2},
chemicals_cas={ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; budesonide, 51333-22-3, 51372-29-3; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; dexamethasone, 50-02-2; doxycycline, 10592-13-9, 17086-28-1, 564-25-0, 94088-85-4; favipiravir, 259793-96-9; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5, 137433-23-9, 137433-24-0; ivermectin, 70288-86-7; Antiviral Agents; Cardiovascular Agents},
funding_details={Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal UniversityDeanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University, DSR, KFU, 226/40},
funding_text 1={The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the General Research Project under grant number (226/40).},
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correspondence_address1={Hosmani, J.; Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, Saudi Arabia; email: jhosmani@kku.edu.sa},
publisher={IMR Press Limited},
issn={15306550},
coden={RCMEC},
pubmed_id={34258902},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Schwartz202122,
author={Schwartz, S.B. and Hutz, A.},
title={Brazil in the Global Economy of the Catholic Monarchy: The Dutch Capture of Salvador da Bahia and the ‘Merchants’ War’—Arbitrio of Francisco de Retama1},
journal={E-Journal of Portuguese History},
year={2021},
volume={19},
number={1},
pages={22-72},
doi={10.26300/ee46-z272},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125908957&doi=10.26300%2fee46-z272&partnerID=40&md5=ca2539d7f146e5d25a932090d1c1f8ab},
affiliation={Yale University, United States; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil},
abstract={The end of the twelve-year truce (1609-1621) between the Hispanic Monarchy and the United Provinces of the Netherlands brought Portugal and its colonies to the center of the European conflict. In this article we discuss the arbítrio of the Andalusian merchant, Francisco de Retama, on the Dutch seizure of Bahia in 1624. A well-known figure to the Junta de Comercio, and promotor of economic warfare against the Dutch rebels, Retama wrote numerous arbítrios on matters of economic policy and in particular on trade, on which he was an expert. Retama would come to be known as one of the main advocates in favor of the Spanish creation of a Company of Commerce on the Dutch model. His belief that Flanders was the key to the success of the Habsburg monarchy, placed the interests of Portugal in a secondary position, and is an early example of policy proposals that led to growing Portuguese discontent. The previously unknown project that we now publish underlines the contradictions and difficulties of a composite monarchy in the face of the need for economic profitability, which, in the opinion of Francisco de Retama, was the key to the enrichment of countries and the survival of the Catholic Monarchy. © 2021 Universidade do Porto. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Arbitrismo;  Bahia;  Composite monarchies;  Contraband;  Francisco de Retama;  Mercantilism},
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publisher={Universidade do Porto},
issn={16456432},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={E-J. Port. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2021,
author={Chen, Y. and Shen, W.},
title={The Impacts and Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Global Response to Climate Change},
journal={Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies},
year={2021},
volume={9},
number={2},
doi={10.1142/S234574812150007X},
art_number={2150007},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115153012&doi=10.1142%2fS234574812150007X&partnerID=40&md5=e1af6794a6e0e5b6f0cc07cad7249cbf},
affiliation={Research Institute for Ecological Civilization, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100710, China; University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, No. 11 Changyu Street, Fangshan, Beijing, 102488, China},
abstract={The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed the most severe impact on the global economy and society since World War II. The pandemic has brought into focus how climate change is related with virus transmission and health, and has made the global transition toward low-carbon development more difficult and challenged the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Although the pandemic has significantly reduced carbon emissions and improved the environmental quality in the short term, it is still an unwanted event in the process of pursuing sustainable development; although objectively the pandemic has weakened countries' efforts in terms of policies and actions to address climate change, the restructuring of global value chains in the post-COVID era has also brought new opportunities for a transition toward green and low-carbon development; although the pandemic has warned people of how important resilient governance and international cooperation is to addressing the crisis, the global climate governance process has come to a complete standstill since the outbreak of COVID-19, attenuating the mutual trust among countries and disabling the leadership in climate governance. The pandemic is a preview of the climate crisis, and it is important to learn from it for a better response. China quickly contained the pandemic within the country, actively resumed work and production, and gained a first-mover advantage in economic recovery. China should maintain strategic focus when pursuing ecological development, enhance the resilience of the socio-economic system, seize the opportunity of transitioning toward low-carbon development by turning the crisis into opportunities, and promote high-quality development within the country while fully engaging in global climate governance to seek ecological progress with other countries. © 2021 Social Sciences Academic Press (China).},
author_keywords={climate change;  climate governance;  low-carbon transition;  The COVID-19 pandemic},
funding_text 1={This study is supported by the "Research on Green Development Strategies under the Targets of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality" (2021STSB01), Innovative Project of the Research Institute for Ecological Civilization, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.},
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correspondence_address1={Chen, Y.; Research Institute for Ecological Civilization, 27 Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng, China; email: cy_cass@163.com},
publisher={World Scientific},
issn={23457481},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. J. Urb. Environ. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bansal2021255,
author={Bansal, M. and Agarwal, A. and Pant, M. and Kumar, H.},
title={Challenges and opportunities in energy transformation during COVID-19},
journal={Evergreen},
year={2021},
volume={8},
number={2},
pages={255-261},
doi={10.5109/4480701},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110688058&doi=10.5109%2f4480701&partnerID=40&md5=bdc3934c95770d4111ba52529016aae0},
affiliation={National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110040, India},
abstract={There was a time in human history when global risks were feared because of nuclear wars, armed rebellions and their aftereffects. In January 2020, when the world was fearing a major war between USA and Iran, who knew that a micro-object would create such destruction that would lock the entire globe. In December 2019, Chinese city of Wuhan reported an increase in the number of patients showing pneumonia-like symptoms and the researchers identified it to be "novel- Corona virus". This was a new virus strain that has not previously affected the human body. It did not discriminate between people on the basis of boundaries, financial status, race, religion, gender, age and any other aspect which a human can identify as a basis of discrimination. This virus has now wrecked almost two-hundred countries across the globe and has taken a heavy toll on the global economy. The pandemic has changed the lifestyle globally as work from home has become the new normal. The devastating situation has generated new challenges in the financial and technical activities of the power sector and hence most of the utilities around the world initiated a disaster management plan to tackle the threats. The report seeks to provide a comprehensive coverage of the prevailing untoward situation particularly in the energy sector, the challenges which have occurred and the various opportunities to uplift the countries by the use of renewable and green resources. The paper also highlights the importance of innovative technologies to be utilized as an alternative source of energy after Covid-19 crisis. © 2021 Novel Carbon Resource Sciences. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  Government policies;  Renewable energy sources},
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A., Tanimoto, J., Do humans play according to the game theory when facing the social dilemma situation A survey study (2020) Evergreen, 7 (1), pp. 7-14; Yadav, V. K., Yadav, V. K., Yadav, J. P., Cognizance on Pandemic Corona Virus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) by using Statistical Technique: A Study and Analysis (2020) Evergreen, 7 (3), pp. 329-335; Bhatnagar, P., Kaura, S., Rajan, Sanjeev, Predictive Models and Analysis of Peak and Flatten Curve Values of CoVID-19 Cases in India (2020) Evergreen, 7 (4), pp. 458-467},
correspondence_address1={Kumar, H.; National Institute of Technology DelhiIndia; email: harishkumar@nitdelhi.ac.in},
publisher={Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences & Green Asia Strategy},
issn={21890420},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Evergreen},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hossain2021,
author={Hossain, M.R. and Chakma, S. and Tasnim, F. and Zahra, Z.},
title={Socio-economic predictors of public understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic},
journal={Heliyon},
year={2021},
volume={7},
number={6},
doi={10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07255},
art_number={e07255},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107786987&doi=10.1016%2fj.heliyon.2021.e07255&partnerID=40&md5=8cb1db33db346d6b0d81968270d5e055},
affiliation={Department of Disaster and Human Security Management, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Bangladesh},
abstract={The COVID-19 (Coronavirus 2019) pandemic has proven to be the biggest global shock since World War II. That war resulted in 5.5 million deaths. The number of COVID-19-infected persons exceeded 13 million in the first 6 months of the pandemic and many more asymptomatic cases are undocumented. The global economy has been affected severely. The tension, the fear, the drastic measures to try to control the spread of the disease disrupted everyone's life from child to senior. The condition is worse in the global south, such as in Bangladesh, where the average population density is 7.5 times higher than that of China, where COVID-19 began and spread uncontrollably at the end of 2019. Lockdowns and social distancing were tried to stop the transmission of the disease but were often not observed faithfully or were less effective than thought to be. People need to trade and interact to earn money to survive but these activities could endanger others' lives if they do not maintain safety measures. Individual awareness is not only curtailing the spread of COVID-19 but also saves others' lives. This cross-sectional study used Ordinal and Binary logit models to predict the level of awareness through potential regressors of the citizen toward COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Findings of the study are that the level of awareness is dependent on the level of trauma; also, that household income is a statistically-significant predictor of awareness. Behavioral activities such as use of masks, outdoor activities, and stockpiling tendencies are found to be statistically significant predictors of awareness as well. © 2021 The Author(s)},
author_keywords={Awareness;  Behavioral pattern;  COVID-19;  Mental condition;  Ordered logit model;  Socio-economic factors},
references={Al-Hazmi, A., Challenges presented by MERS corona virus, and SARS corona virus to global health (2016) Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 23 (4), pp. 507-511; Alam, M.S., Alam, M.Z., Nazir, K.N.H., Bhuiyan, M.A.B., The emergence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Bangladesh: present status, challenges, and future management (2020) J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 7, p. 198; Anwar, S., Nasrullah, M., Hosen, M.J., COVID-19 and Bangladesh: challenges and how to address them (2020) Front. Publ. Health, 8, p. 154; Banik, R., Rahman, M., Sikder, T., Gozal, D., COVID-19 in Bangladesh: public awareness and insufficient health facilities remain key challenges (2020) Publ. Health, 183, pp. 50-51; de Bruin, W.B., Bennett, D., Relationships between initial COVID-19 risk perceptions and protective health behaviors: a national survey (2020) Am. J. Prev. Med., 59 (2), pp. 157-167; Djalante, R., Shaw, R., DeWit, A., Building resilience against biological hazards and pandemics: COVID-19 and its implications for the Sendai Framework (2020) Prog. Disaster Sci., 6, p. 100080; Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C.R., Kerr, J., Freeman, A.L.J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A.M., Spiegelhalter, D., van der Linden, S., Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world (2020) J. Risk Res., pp. 1-13; Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M.J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., Lavie, C.J., ‘Psychosocial impact of COVID-19’, diabetes & metabolic syndrome (2020) Clin. Res. Rev., 14 (5), pp. 779-788; Fighting Coronavirus: Govt shuts down offices from Mar 26, The Daily Star (2020), https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/fighting-coronavirus-govt-shuts-down-offices-10-days-1884928, 24 March, viewed August 13, 2020; First coronavirus cases confirmed, The Daily Star (2020), https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/first-coronavirus-cases-confirmed-1878160, 9 March, viewed August 13, 2020; Hackston, J., The Problem of the Overconfident Leader (2019), https://www.tlnt.com/the-problem-of-the-overconfident-leader, / TLNT viewed August 13, 2020; Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (2010), 7thedn Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; Hopman, J., Allegranzi, B., Mehtar, S., Managing COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 323, p. 1549; Hua, J., Shaw, R., ‘Corona virus (COVID-19) “infodemic” and emerging issues through a data lens: the case of China’ (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 17 (7), p. 2309; COVID-19 https://iedcr.gov.bd/covid-19/covid-19-situation-updates, viewed August 05, 2020; Islam, M.D., Siddika, A., COVID-19 and Bangladesh: a study of the public perception on the measures taken by the government (2020) EdArXiv; Karasneh, R., Al-Azzam, S., Muflih, S., Soudah, O., Hawamdeh, S., Khader, Y., ‘Media's effect on shaping knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists’ (2020) Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm.; Lai, C.C., Shih, T.P., Ko, W.C., Tang, H.J., Hsueh, P.R., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges (2020) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 55, p. 105924; Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., Zhu, T., The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active weibo users (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 17 (6), p. 2032; Ma, Y.F., Li, W., Deng, H.B., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, P.H., Bo, H.X., Yang, Y., Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19 (2020) J. Affect. Disord., 275, pp. 145-148; Mamun, M.A., Griffiths, M.D., First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: possible suicide prevention strategies (2020) Asian J. Psychiatry, 51, p. 102073; Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., Agha, R., The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review (2020) Int. J. Surg., 78, pp. 185-193; Paul, A., Chatterjee, S., Bairagi, N., Prediction on Covid-19 epidemic for different countries: focusing on South Asia under various precautionary measures (2020) medRxiv; Peng, C.Y.J., Manz, B.D., Keck, J., Modeling categorical variables by logistic regression (2001) Am. J. Health Behav., 25 (3), pp. 278-284; Per capita income hits $1,909, The Daily Star (2019), https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/capita-income-hits-1909-1717606, 20 March, viewed August 13, 2020; Qazi, A., Qazi, J., Naseer, K., Zeeshan, M., Hardaker, G., Maitama, J.Z., Haruna, K., Analyzing situational awareness through public opinion to predict adoption of social distancing amid pandemic COVID-19 (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92 (7), pp. 849-855; Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S.K., Sharma, N., Verma, S.K., Kaushal, V., Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Asian J. Psychiatry, 51, p. 102083; Shammi, M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A.R.M.T., Rahman, M.M., COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings: a case from Bangladesh (2020) Heliyon, 6 (5); Shaw, R., Kim, Y., Hua, J., Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia (2020) Prog. Disaster Sci., 6, p. 100089; Washington, S., Karlaftis, M.G., Mannering, F., Anastasopoulos, P., Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis (2020), CRC press; Williams, R., Understanding and interpreting generalized ordered logit models (2016) J. Math. Sociol., 40 (1), pp. 7-20; GDP per capita (current US$)—Bangladesh https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=BD, viewed 13 August 2020; Zhong, B.L., Luo, W., Li, H.M., Zhang, Q.Q., Liu, X.G., Li, W.T., Li, Y., Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey (2020) Int. J. Biol. Sci., 16 (10), pp. 1745-1752},
correspondence_address1={Hossain, M.R.; Department of Disaster and Human Security Management, Bangladesh; email: rifat.hossain@bup.edu.bd},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={24058440},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Heliyon},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Sajid2021,
author={Sajid, M.J.},
title={Continued increases in military and police spending can lead to economic collapse},
journal={E3S Web of Conferences},
year={2021},
volume={253},
doi={10.1051/e3sconf/202125303036},
art_number={03036},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2021 International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Management, EEM 2021 ; Conference Date: 23 April 2021 Through 25 April 2021;  Conference Code:168796},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105946480&doi=10.1051%2fe3sconf%2f202125303036&partnerID=40&md5=9506ed4e12c6417b2becefeecb79afc1},
affiliation={School of Management, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China},
abstract={Human defence expenditure has increased due to the need for permanent military and police forces, which has led to the creation of a perpetual fear industry. The so-called fear industry refers to the industry created due to real or perceived fear, without this fear, the industry cannot be created. Most defence economic studies (both military and police) focus on various empiric aspects such as opportunity costs, GDP growth, public expenditure and defence industry taxes. However, this study focuses on the development and explanation of the theory behind the creation and death of this preputial industry of fear. This study also presents the concept of social GDP and free GDP, which can help to present the long-term economic effects of the reduction or possible elimination of defence spending by national governments. Decreased defence spending generally has economic and social benefits for the general public. In the long run, rising costs of the defence industry (military and police spending, etc.) and other miscellaneous social issues can lead to civil unrest or possible civil wars, which can have a devastating impact on global economies in the long run. It is therefore in the interests of global economies to begin to reduce expenditure, to seek cheaper and more acceptable alternatives, and eventually to get rid of these fear-based expenditures. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021.},
keywords={Costs;  Economic and social effects;  Environmental management;  Law enforcement, Defence industry;  Defence spending;  Economic and social benefits;  General publics;  Global economies;  National governments;  Opportunity costs;  Public expenditures, Industrial economics},
references={(2018) Military-Industrial Complex," A&e Television Networks, , https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/military-industrial-complex, History.com Editors, [Online], [Accessed: 24-Apr-2020]; Farrell, G., Clark, K., (2004) What Does the World Spend on Criminal Justice?, p. 20. , Helsinki, Finland; Tian, N., Fleurant, A., Kuimova, A., Wezeman, P.D., Wezeman, S.T., (2019) Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2018, , Solna, Sweden; (2020) A Budget for A Better America (PROMISES KEPT. 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Model., 36, pp. 474-483; Daddi, P., Agostino, G., Pieroni, L., Does military spending stimulate growth? An empirical investigation in Italy (2016) Def. Peace Econ., p. 19. , March; Ortiz, C., Alvarado, R., Salinas, A., The effect of military spending on output: New evidence at the global and (2019) Econ. Anal. Policy, 62, pp. 402-414; Raju, M.H., Ahmed, Z., Effect of military expenditure on economic growth: Evidences from India Pakistan and China using cointegration and causality analysis (2019) J. Ger. Eur. Stud., 4, p. 8; Friedman, M., What is wrong with the welfare state? (1980) Milton Friedman Speaks (Videotape Publication), , Hoover Institution, Standford University, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, p. Lecture delivered at the University of Rochester; (2008) Alternatives to Police, p. 27. , Rose City Copwatch, Rose City Copwatch, Portland, Oregon; Martin, J., Policing is a dirty job, but nobody's gotta do it: 6 ideas for a cop-free world (2014) Rolling Stone, , https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/policing-is-A-dirty-job-but-nobodys-gotta-do-it-6-ideas-for-A-cop-free-world-199465/#ixzz3MAjhe2IM, [Online], [Accessed: 23-Apr-2020]; Gravelle, J., Rogers, C., The economy of policing -The impact of the volunteer (2009) Policing, 4 (1), pp. 56-63},
correspondence_address1={Sajid, M.J.; School of Management, China; email: jawad.jaws@outlook.com},
editor={Li J., Wu J., Chen K.},
publisher={EDP Sciences},
issn={25550403},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={E3S Web Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Holmgren2021192,
author={Holmgren, L.},
title={Narrative in the economic sphere: The international monetary fund and the scripting of a global economy},
journal={Narrative},
year={2021},
volume={29},
number={2},
pages={192-209},
doi={10.1353/nar.2021.0011},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106881400&doi=10.1353%2fnar.2021.0011&partnerID=40&md5=adca3384accf2c6d58ccf45b3cc94534},
affiliation={Faculty of Management at McGill Universit, Canada},
abstract={This essay analyzes the narratological features of language produced by and about the International Monetary Fund in order to illustrate its role in establishing and covertly disseminating the ideological foundations of a finance-centric, global economic paradigm. This work, therefore, can be situated within the larger context of narratological inquiries, such as those of feminist, critical-race, and postcolonial investigations, which unveil and call into question the dominant paradigms that inform environmental, social, political, and economic systems. Reviewing the IMF narrative alongside that of one of its borrowers, Tanzania, the essay engages the twin applications of empirical research and rhetorical narrative theory as it has developed from classical through postclassical narratology; further, it underscores and challenges the linguistic and systemic means by which the IMF has crafted the policies that borrowing nations must adopt in order to receive aid (Structural Adjustment Policies). In light of the narratives it traces and the conditions it exposes, “Narrative in the Economic Sphere” makes a case for the value of enhanced narrative competence among economists, and especially those in International Financial Institutions that have increasingly governed the global economy since the close of the Second World War. Copyright © 2021 by The Ohio State University},
author_keywords={Economics;  International Monetary Fund;  Narrative;  Politics;  Rhetoric;  Tanzania},
funding_details={Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, SSHRC},
funding_text 1={This project, “Scripting Futures: A Narratological Investigation of How International Organizations Shape National Realities,” was federally funded through the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) 2016–21, as well as through the Marcel Desautels Institute for Integrated Management (MDIIM) and a grant from the Centre for Strategy Studies in Organizations (CSSO) 2020–21.},
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Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press; Boughton, James M., (2001) Silent Revolution: The International Monetary Fund 1979–1989, , https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/history/2001/index.htm, Washington: International Monetary Fund, (accessed 30 December 2020); Callaci, Emily, (2017) Street Archives and City Life: Popular Intellectuals in Postcolonial Tanzania, , Durham: Duke Univ. Press; Canning, Doyle, Reinsborough, Patrick, (2010) Re:Imagining Change: How to Use Story-Based Strategy to Win Campaigns, Build Movements, and Change the World, , Oakland, CA: PM Press; Homepage, , https://www.storybasedstrategy.org/, Center for Story-Based Strategy. (accessed 30 December 2020); Chachage, Chambi, Mwalimu in Our Popular Imagination: The Relevance of Nyerere Today (2010) Africa’s Liberation: The Legacy of Nyerere, pp. 3-6. , edited by Chambi Chachage and Annar Cassam, Kampala: Pambazuka Press; Chwieroth, Jeffrey M., (2010) Capital Ideas: The IMF and the Rise of Financial Liberalization, , Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press; Dwivedi, Divya, Nielsen, Henrik Skov, Walsh, Richard, (2018) Narratology and Ideology: Negotiating Context, Form, and Theory in Postcolonial Narratives, , Columbus: The Ohio State Univ. Press; Edwards, Sebastian, Tanzania: Finally a Success Story? (2014) Toxic Aid: Economic Collapse and Recovery in Tanzania, pp. 1-8. , Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press; Friedman, Milton, Schwartz, Anna J., (1963) A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, , Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press; Holmgren, Lindsay, Narrative and Economic Modelling The Routledge Companion to Narrative Theory, , forthcoming; (2016) Research Project, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, , Scripting Futures: A Narratological Investigation of How International Organizations Shape National Realities, –21; Hyvärinen, Matti, Toward a Theory of Counter-Narratives: Narrative Contestation, Cultural Canonicity, and Tellability (2020) The Routledge Handbook of Counter-Narratives, , edited by Klarissa Lueg and Marianne Wolff Lundholt. New York: Routledge; IMF Annual Reports, 1964–90, , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLs/annual-reports-archives, International Monetary Fund. 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Press; Nicholas, Barbara, Gillett, Grant, Doctors’ Stories, Patients’ Stories: a Narrative Approach to Teaching Medical Ethics (1997) Journal of Medical Ethics, 23 (5), pp. 295-299; Nyerere, Julius, (1967) The Arusha Declaration and TANU’s Policy on Socialism and Self-Reliance, , https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nyerere/1967/arusha-declaration.htm, Tanganyika African National Union, (accessed 30 December 2020); Olson, Greta, Copland, Sarah, Towards a Politics of Form (2016) European Journal of English Studies, 20 (3), pp. 207-221; Othman, Haroub, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: An Intellectual in Power (2010) Africa’s Liberation: The Legacy of Nyerere, pp. 28-43. , edited by Chambi Chachage and Annar Cassam, Kampala: Pambazuka Press; Phelan, James, Authors, Resources, Audiences: Toward a Rhetorical Poetics of Narrative (2018) Style, 52 (1–2), pp. 1-34; (2007) Experiencing Fiction: Judgments, Progressions, and the Rhetorical Theory of Narrative, , Columbus: The Ohio State Univ. Press; (1996) Narrative as Rhetoric: Technique, Audiences, Ethics, Ideology, , Columbus: The Ohio State Univ. Press; Narratives in Contest; or, Another Twist in the Narrative Turn (2008) PMLA, 123 (1), pp. 166-175; Romer, Christina, Romer, David, Does Monetary Policy Matter? A New Test in the Spirit of Friedman and Schwartz (1989) NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 4, pp. 121-170; Schuler, Kurt, Rosenberg, Andrew, (2013) The Bretton Woods Transcripts, , eds. New York: The Center for Financial Stability; Shiller, Robert J., Economics and the Human Instinct for Storytelling (2017) Chicago Booth Review, , https://review.chicagobooth.edu/economics/2017/article/economics-and-human-instinct-storytelling, 8 May (accessed 30 December 2020); (2019) Narrative Economics: How Stories Go Viral and Drive Major Economic Events, , Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press; (1971) Big Rise in Cash Crop Production, , The Nationalist (Dar es Salaam). 1 July; (1972) TANU Grapples with Major National Problems, , 23 January; Future Rests on You (1969) Nyerere tells Workers, , The Standard (Dar es Salaam). 2 November; (1972) Idle Expatriates May Face Some Trouble! Call for New Ministry, , 28 January; (1971) Listen to the Peasants’Advice, , 5 October; (1964) Self-Reliance: The Target for the Industry, , 2 July; (1972) Tanzanian Socialism, , 8 October; Stiglitz, Joseph E., Towards a New Paradigm for Development: Strategies, Policies and Processes (1998) Prebisch Lecture presented at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, , https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1491127?ln=en, Geneva, Switzerland, 19 October (accessed 30 December 2020); What I Learned at the World Economic Crisis (2000) Global Policy Forum, , https://www.globalpolicy.org/global-taxes/42760-what-i-learned-at-the-world-economic-crisis.html, 17 April (accessed 30 December 2020); Woods, Ngaire, (2006) The Globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank, and Their Borrowers, , Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press},
correspondence_address1={Holmgren, L.; Faculty of Management at McGill UniversitCanada},
publisher={Ohio State University Press},
issn={10633685},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Narrative},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Spaskovska2021413,
author={Spaskovska, L. and Calori, A.},
title={A Nonaligned Business World: The Global Socialist Enterprise between Self-Management and Transnational Capitalism},
journal={Nationalities Papers},
year={2021},
volume={49},
number={3},
pages={413-427},
doi={10.1017/nps.2020.27},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105851811&doi=10.1017%2fnps.2020.27&partnerID=40&md5=f8473607a69286184c74133fe3f0c16f},
affiliation={History Department, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Global and European Studies Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany},
abstract={This article explores the role of Yugoslav self-managed corporations in the global economy, with a particular attention to the late socialist period (1976-1991). Guided by a vision of a long-Term integration of the Yugoslav economy into the international division of labor on the basis of equality and mutual interest, by the late 1970s the country's foreign trade and hard currency revenue was boosted by a number of globally oriented corporate entities, some of which survived the demise of socialism and the dissolution of the country. These enterprises had a leading role as the country's principal exporters and as the fulcrum of a web of economic contacts and exchanges between the Global South, Western Europe, and the Soviet Bloc. The article seeks to fill a historiographic gap by focusing on two major Yugoslav enterprises (Energoinvest and Pelagonija) that were based in the less-developed federal republics-Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. The article also investigates the transnational flow of ideas around the so-called public enterprise, its embeddedness in an interdependent global economy, and its visions for equitable development. Finally, the article explores these enterprises as enablers of social mobility and welfare, as well as spaces where issues of efficiency, planning, self-reliance, and self-management were negotiated. © 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Cold War;  non-Alignment;  public enterprise;  self-management;  United Nations;  Yugoslavia},
keywords={capitalism;  Cold War;  economic development;  foreign policy;  international trade;  multinational enterprise, Bosnia and Herzegovina;  Macedonia [Southern Europe]},
funding_details={RL-2012-053},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Leverhulme Trust-funded project ‘1989 after 1989: Rethinking the Fall of State Socialism in a Global Perspective’ [grant number RL-2012-053].},
references={(1988), Annual Report. ABB Asea Brown Boveri Group; Barbalić, I., Yugoslavia's Postwar Trade and Outlooks for the Future (1954) Journal of Foreign Trade, 1, pp. 38-45; Bockman, J., Democratic Socialism in Chile and Peru: Revisiting the Chicago Boys as the Origin of Neoliberalism (2019) Comparative Studies in Society and History, 61 (3), pp. 654-679; Burck, G., A Socialist Enterprise That Acts like a Fierce Capitalist Competitor (1972) Fortune Magazine, , January 1972; Anna, C., Jurkat, K., I'm Both a Worker and a Shareholder. Workers' Narratives and Property Transformations: Continuity and Change in Post-Socialist Bosnia and Serbia (2017) Südosteuropa, 65 (4), pp. 654-678; Čavčić, I., (2017) Energoinvest Se Bori S Milionskim Gubicima, Njegovi 'Grobari' Nagraani, , https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/energoinvest-se-bori-s-milionskim-gubicima-njegovi-grobari-nagradjeni/171002013, Klix.Ba October 5 Accessed July 16, 2019.); Cohen, L., (1995) Broken Bonds: Yugoslavia's Disintegration and Balkan Politics in Transition, , Oxford: Westview Press; (1970) (Beograd 11-13. Mart 1969)., , http://www.znaci.net/00001/138_94.pdf, Beograd: Komunist (Accessed June 17, 2019.); Dyker David, A., (1990) Yugoslavia: Socialism, Development and Debt, , New York: Routledge; (1987), 10 Najvećih proizvodnih organizacija udruŽenog rada u oblasti industrije, rudarstva, poljoprivrede, šumarstva i graavinarstva. No. 1849, September 7; (1990), 140 Najvećih proizvodnih preduzeća industrije i rudarstva, poljoprivrede, šumarstva i graavinarstva prema ukupnom prihodu u 1989. Godini. No. 2008, September 24; Filipović, I., (2002) Emerik Blum. Monografija, , Sarajevo: Šahinpašic; Gross Stephen, G., (2016) Export Empire: German Soft Power in Southeastern Europe, 1890-1945, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Jovanovic, M., Yugoslav Trade with EEC and COMECON Countries (1972) Law & Contemporary Problems, 37, pp. 586-591; Kavčič, B., Top management efficiency in self-managed enterprises (1989) Public Enterprise, 9 (3-4), pp. 335-340; Kester, G., (2007) Trade Unions and Workplace Democracy in Africa, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Laron, G., Semi-Peripheral Countries and the Invention of the Third World, 1955-65 (2014) Third World Quarterly, 35 (9), pp. 1547-1565; Kemal, M., Hafizović, A., (1982), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcVz5XeYXFs, Energoinvest. Single. Distributed by Yugoton (Accessed April 10, 2020.); (1982), faut The Yugoslav Enterprise, ICPE Monograph Series 2; Spaskovska, L., Building a Better World? Construction, Labour Mobility and the Pursuit of Collective Self-Reliance in the 'Global South', 1950-1990 (2018) Labor History, 59 (3), pp. 331-351; Tešić, M., (1986) The Yugoslav Model of International Transfer of Technology, , Belgrade: Exportpress; (1976), Energoinvest in Its Silver Jubilee Year. 26/992, June 11; Tiemeyer, P., Launching a Nonaligned Airline: JAT Yugoslav Airways between East, West, and South, 1947-1962 (2017) Diplomatic History, 41 (1), pp. 78-103; (1975), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975BELGRA01848_b.html, Yugoslav-Panamanian Relations. Wikileaks Cable: 1975BELGRA01848-b. Dated April 15 (Accessed April 10, 2019.); (1974), http://www.un-documents.net/s6r3201.htm, Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order. A/RES/S-6/3201 (Accessed June 17, 2019.); (1969) Construction Industry. Monographs of Industrial Development, 2. , New York: United Nations; Uvalić, M., The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: Its Costs and Benefits (1993) Communist Economies & Economic Transformation, 5 (3), pp. 273-293; JeŽ, V., Corporate Culture, Values and Motivation (1989) Public Enterprise, 9 (3-4), pp. 358-367; Vojinović, B., (1990) Medjunarodno TrŽište: Gradjevinski Radovi U 1989, , Beograd: Jugoslovenska banka za medjunarodnu ekonomsku saradnju; Wallerstein, I., Semi-Peripheral Countries and the Contemporary World Crisis (1976) Theory and Society, 34, pp. 461-483; Wells, J., The Construction Industry in the Context of Development: A New Perspective (1984) Habitat International, 8 (3-4), pp. 9-28; Woodward, S., (1995) Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia, 1945-1990, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; (1983) World Development Report 1983, , Washington DC: World Bank; New York: Oxford University Press; (1964), Journal of Foreign Trade 1; Zaccaria, B., Learning from Yugoslavia? 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December 12, 1988; (2001) Energoinvest, , Od nostalgije do dobrih Želja. April 2001; (1970) Oslobodjenje, , Emerik Blum. Interview. November 25, 1970; (2016) Oslobodjenje, , Sjećanje na Dragu Bauma. August 5, 2016; (1973) Pelagonija, , Realizirani zadači vo vrednost od 20 milioni dolari, Ishranata i smestuvanjeto na rabotnicite. May 1973; (1973) Pelagonija, , Medju vodečkite vo zemjata. May 1973; (1973) Pelagonija, , Ishranata i smestuvanjeto na na rabotnicite. July 1973; (1973) Pelagonija, , 22 osnovni oraganizacii na zdruŽen trud. September 1973; (1973) Pelagonija, , Pred da go stavime potpisot. November 1973; (1989) Pelagonija, , GP Pelagonija na 70-To mesto vo svetot. August-September 1989; Public Enterprise. 1982. Metalna; Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia; State Archive of Bosnia-Herzegovina; Asim. 2016. Interviewed by author, April 6. Sarajevo; Matić, B., (2016), Interviewed by author, March 9. Sarajevo; (2016) DŽevad, , Interviewed by author, December 16. Sarajevo; Finci, J., (2016), Interviewed by author, March 8. Sarajevo; Klepić, M., (2016), Interviewed by author, March 29. Lukavica; Shaw, C., (2016), Interviewed by author, October 14. Phone interview; Acevski, V., (2015), Interviewed by author, October 16. Skopje; (2016) Osmo, , Interview with author, May 6. Tuzla},
correspondence_address1={Calori, A.; Global and European Studies Institute, Germany; email: anna.calori@uni-leipzig.de},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={00905992},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Natl. Pap.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Philip202121359,
author={Philip, L.D. and Sertoglu, K. and Akadiri, S.S. and Olasehinde-Williams, G.},
title={Foreign direct investment amidst global economic downturn: is there a time-varying implication for environmental sustainability targets?},
journal={Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
year={2021},
volume={28},
number={17},
pages={21359-21368},
doi={10.1007/s11356-020-12053-8},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099013939&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-020-12053-8&partnerID=40&md5=41cde98f1f63419853275c240550d0bc},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Cyprus; Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China},
abstract={Turkey attracted more foreign investment in a period when global foreign direct investment flows experienced a recession due to the USA-China trade war/tension coupled with structural issues within the EU nations. In this paper, the time-varying impact of foreign direct investment on environmental sustainability targets amidst global economic downturn was examined. To achieve this, a time-varying parameter approach, which adequately deals with potential parameter instabilities and nonlinearities, and effectively captures impact variations over time, was employed to investigate the impacts of increased foreign direct investment on environmental degradation amidst global economic downturn for the period 1970–2017. Results showed that the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI), energy use, urbanization, and real income has led to environmental problems in Turkey. It is thus recommended that the government does the following: (i) enact policies that emphasize green FDI inflows, (ii) enforce tighter environmental policies that deter the immigration of dirty production processes,(iii) engage in mixed and country-specific environmental policies in combating pollution, (iv) ensure domestic investors to adhere strictly to the nation’s environmental policies, and (v) enact policies to foster mutual cooperation and understanding between the local and foreign stakeholders in a manner that drives the use of energy-saving technologies in production activities and the use of renewables in place of fossil fuels to control environmental hazards for both the immediate and future generations. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.},
author_keywords={Environmental degradation;  Foreign direct investment;  Time series;  Time-varying parameter;  Turkey},
keywords={economic conditions;  environmental degradation;  environmental economics;  European Union;  foreign direct investment;  global economy;  spatiotemporal analysis;  sustainability;  trade-environment relations;  trade-off, China;  Turkey;  United States, Meleagris gallopavo, carbon dioxide, China;  economic development;  international cooperation;  investment;  pollution;  turkey (bird), Carbon Dioxide;  China;  Economic Development;  Environmental Pollution;  Internationality;  Investments;  Turkey},
chemicals_cas={carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; Carbon Dioxide},
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correspondence_address1={Akadiri, S.S.; Research Department, Nigeria; email: ssakadiri@cbn.gov.ng},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={09441344},
coden={ESPLE},
pubmed_id={33410078},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Furusawa20219,
author={Furusawa, M.},
title={Monetary policy and the future of central banking: Implications for Africa},
journal={50 Years of Central Banking in Kenya},
year={2021},
pages={9-14},
doi={10.1093/oso/9780198851820.003.0002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113102200&doi=10.1093%2foso%2f9780198851820.003.0002&partnerID=40&md5=31fe7e180683d467a64948052cbed803},
affiliation={International Monetary Fund (IMF), United States},
abstract={The chapter highlights the state of monetary policy in Africa and explores the challenges that central banks face as they address the increasingly complex forces at work in the global economy. It sequences the evolution of monetary policy from the time of World War II under the Bretton Woods system to the more recent forward-looking monetary policy in advanced economies and relates it to influencing the evolution of monetary policy frameworks in Africa. Some challenges affecting African countries are identified, including the collapse of commodity prices, persistent high interest rates spreads, and limitations of high frequency data that constrain monetary authorities’ abilities to take corrective actions in a timely manner. The chapter concludes by providing seven principles towards increasing the effectiveness of monetary policy for countries seeking to move towards forward-looking monetary policy frameworks. © The Central Bank of Kenya 2021.},
author_keywords={Africa;  Bretton woods system;  Central banking;  Global economy;  Monetary policy},
correspondence_address1={Furusawa, M.; International Monetary Fund (IMF)United States},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198851820},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={50 Years of Central Bank. in Kenya},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Syed2021,
author={Syed, F. and Ullah, A.},
title={Estimation of economic benefits associated with the reduction in the CO2 emission due to COVID-19},
journal={Environmental Challenges},
year={2021},
volume={3},
doi={10.1016/j.envc.2021.100069},
art_number={100069},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114407104&doi=10.1016%2fj.envc.2021.100069&partnerID=40&md5=75e6f1238d2bb756968d3397eaf9dc49},
affiliation={Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan},
abstract={Since World War-II, the COVID-19 pandemic is considered the most serious challenge faced by the mankind. This pandemic has not only adversely affected the health systems but has also disrupted the manufacturing and industrial sectors and thus leading to low CO2 emissions. Reduction in the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission has been noticed nearly everywhere in the world due to shutdown of industries and lockdown imposed by governments as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the year 2019, around 37 billion tons of CO2 emitted globally that has been reduced by 9% in the same period (January to July) for the year 2020 as consequence of COVID-19 pandemic. The Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) of a country reflects the economic damages caused by per ton increase in the CO2 emissions. Economic and environmental benefits are associated with the reduction of CO2 emissions as a result of COVID-19 and their estimation is the main theme of the study. Coupling reduction in the CO2 emissions to the Social Cost of Carbon gives economic benefit for a country. The research presented investigates the long term economic and environmental benefits associated with the reduction in the CO2 emissions for various regions of the world. The economic benefit due to the reduction in the of the CO2 emissions as consequence of the COVID-19 to global economy is estimated as 650 billion US Dollars for the period of 6 months (from January to July). The study mainly focuses on the countries that contribute the high percentage of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. The first half of year 2020 (from January 2020 to July 2020) is taken into consideration because lockdown was mainly followed in that period. Further, within the country the sectors that contribute the high percentage of CO2 emissions are also taken into account. © 2021},
author_keywords={Covid-19;  Economic benefit;  Reduction in CO2 emission;  Social cost of carbon},
funding_text 1={The authors are thankful to the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar and Department of Economics, University of Peshawar.},
references={Chakraborty, I., Maity, P., COVID-19 outbreak: migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 728; Dang, H.H., Trinh, T., Does the COVID-19 lockdown improve global air quality? New cross-national evidence on its unintended consequences (2021) J. Environ. Econ. Manag., 105; Liu, Z., Ciais, P., Deng, Z., Davis, S., Feng, S., Zheng, B., Schellnhuber, H.J., Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Nat. Commun., 11 (1), pp. 1-12; Liu, Z., Guan, D., Wei, W., Davis, S.J., Ciais, P., Bai, J., He, K., Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in china (2015) Nature, 524, pp. 335-338; Mandell, S., Carbon emission values in cost benefit analyses (2011) Transp. Policy, 18 (6), pp. 888-892; Matthews, H.D., Gillett, N.P., Stott, P.A., Zickfeld, K., The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions (2009) Nature, 459, pp. 829-832; Metcalf, G.E., Stock, J.H., Integrated assessment models and the social cost of carbon: a review and assessment of U.S. experience (2017) Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy, 11 (1), pp. 80-99; Mitra, A., Chaudhuri, T.R., Mitra, A., Pramanick, P., Impact of COVID-19 related shutdown on atmospheric carbon dioxide level in the city of Kolkata (2020) Parana J. Sci. Educ., 6 (3), pp. 84-92; Neill, B.C., Kriegler, E., Ebi, K., Benedict, E., Riahi, K., Rothman, D.S., Solecki, W., The roads ahead: narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century (2017) Glob. Environ. Change, 42, pp. 169-180; Pereira, E.J.A.L., Ferreira, P.J.S., Ribeiro, L.C.S., Sabadini, T., Policy in Brazil (2016-2019) threaten conservation of Amazon rainforest (2019) Environ. Sci. Policy, 100, pp. 8-12; Quere, C.L., Jackson, R.B., Jones, M.W., Smith, A.J., Abernethy, S., Peters, G., Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement (2020) Nat. Clim. Change, 10, pp. 647-653; Rennert, R., Kingdon, C., A Review of The Social Cost of Carbon, From a Basic Definition to the History of its Use in Policy Analysis (2019), http://www.rff.org, Resource for the future; Safarian, S., Unnthorsson, R., Richter, C., Effect of corona virus disease 2019 on CO2 emission in the World (2020) Aerosol. Air. Qual. Res., 20, pp. 1197-1203; Shindell, D., Faluvegi, G., Seltzer, K., Shindell, C., Quantified, localized health benefits of accelerated carbon dioxide emissions reductions (2018) Nat. Clim. Change, 8, pp. 291-295; Wang, Q., Su, M., A preliminary assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on environment – a case study of China (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 728, pp. 1-10; Wang, Q., Lu, M., Bai, Z., Wang, K., Corona virus pandemic reduced China CO2 emissions in short term while stimulus packagee may lead to emissions growth in medium-and long term (2020) Appl. Energy, 278; Yang, P., Yao, Y., Mi, Z., Cao, Y., Liao, H., Yu, B., Liang, Q., Wei, Y., Social cost of carbon under shared socioeconomic pathways (2018) Global Environ. Change, 53, pp. 225-232; Zhu, Y., Shi, Y., Wu, J., Wu, L., Xiong, W., Exploring the characteristics of CO2 emissions embodied in international trade and the fair share of responsiblity (2018) Ecol. Econ., 146, pp. 574-587; Zowalaty, M., Young, S.G., Jarhult, J.D., Environmental impact of COVID-19 pandemic – a lesson for the future (2020) Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol., 10 (1)},
correspondence_address1={Ullah, A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pakistan; email: a.ullah@uetpeshawar.edu.pk},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={26670100},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Environ. Challenge.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bradford20211018,
author={Bradford, S.},
title={A global model of migration and poverty},
journal={World Economy},
year={2021},
volume={44},
number={4},
pages={1018-1030},
doi={10.1111/twec.13051},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094213810&doi=10.1111%2ftwec.13051&partnerID=40&md5=0d3f91adc769c359b98d07e741bccb41},
affiliation={Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States},
abstract={Most rich nations maintain very tight restrictions on immigration despite widespread globalisation since World War II. This paper breaks new ground by assessing these barriers’ poverty implications, using a two-region, one-sector, dynastic growth model with a continuum of skills. Like other global studies of migration, I find that rich nation immigration impediments impose huge losses on the global economy. I also find that such barriers increase global poverty by 40% or more. This corroborates a conclusion drawn by others: opening rich nations to freer immigration could reduce poverty more than any other single policy shift. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd},
author_keywords={migration;  poverty},
keywords={immigrant population;  immigration policy;  migrants experience;  migration;  poverty},
funding_text 1={I thank Michael Batu, Nathan Cook, Mukesh Eswaran, Kumar Ganesh, Chetan Ghate, David Greenaway, Al Mickens, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay, Christopher Parsons, Tridip Ray, Arunava Sen, C Veeramani and four anonymous referees for helpful comments. I greatly appreciate the help received by presenting various versions of this paper at the following: the 2011 Western Economics Association International (WEAI) meetings; a BYU Seminar (2011 November); the 7th Annual International Growth and Development Conference, hosted by the Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi Centre (ISI Delhi) (2011 December); the 2012 GTAP conference; the 2016 GTAP conference; the 2016 WEAI meetings; and seminars at Shiv Nadar University (2016 August), the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (2016 November), the Indian School of Business (2016 November), ISI Kolkata (2017 January) and the Canadian Economic Association Meetings (2017 June). I take responsibility for any errors in this paper. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.},
references={Adams, R.H., Jr., Page, J., Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries (2005) World Development, 33 (10), pp. 1645-1669; Aguiar, A., Walmsley, T., (2010) A dynamic general equilibrium model of international migration, , GTAP Resource #3387; Barro, R.J., Lee, J.W., (2000) International data on educational attainment: Updates and implications, , Unpublished. Harvard University; Benhabib, J., Jovanovic, B., Optimal migration: A world perspective (2012) International Economic Review, 53 (2), pp. 321-348; Cattaneo, C., International migration, the brain drain, and poverty: A cross-country analysis (2009) The World Economy, 32 (8), pp. 1180-1202; Cave, D., (2011) Better lives for Mexicans cut allure of going north, , New York Times; Clemens, M.A., Economics and emigration: Trillion dollar bills on the sidewalk? (2011) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22 (3), pp. 83-106; Clemens, M.A., Montenegro, C.E., Pritchett, L., (2009) The place premium: Wage differences for identical workers across the U.S. border, , https://www.cgdev.org/publication/place-premium-wage-differences-identical-workers-across-us-border-working-paper-148, (Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Papers Series RWP09-004). Retrieved from Kennedy School Faculty Research website; Cooley, T.F., Prescott, E.C., Economic growth and business cycles (1995) Frontiers of business cycle research, pp. 1-38. , Chapter 1. In, T. F. Cooley, (Ed.),, Princeton University Press; Djajic, S., Skills and the pattern of migration: The role of qualitative and quantitative restrictions on international labor mobility (1989) International Economic Review, 30 (4), pp. 795-809; Docquier, F., Machado, J., Sekkat, K., Efficiency gains from liberalizing labor mobility (2015) Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 117 (2), pp. 303-346; Giannetti, M., On the mechanics of migration decisions: Skill complementarities and endogenous price differentials (2003) Journal of Development Economics, 71 (2), pp. 329-349; Gollin, D., Getting income shares right (2002) Journal of Political Economy, 110 (2), pp. 458-474; Grossman, G.M., Partially mobile capital: A general approach to two-sector trade theory (1983) Journal of International Economics, 15, pp. 1-17; Hamilton, C., Whalley, J., Efficiency and distributional implications of global restrictions on labour mobility (1984) Journal of Development Economics, 14, pp. 61-75; Iregui, A.M., Efficiency gains from the elimination of global restrictions on labour mobility (2005) Poverty, international migration, and asylum, pp. 211-238. , G. J. Borjas, J. Crisp, (Eds.),, Palgrave Macmillan; Kennan, J., Open borders (2013) Review of Economic Dynamics, 16 (2), pp. L1-L13; Klein, P., Ventura, G., TFP differences and the aggregate effects of labor mobility in the long run (2007) The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics: Contributions, 7 (1). , Article 10; Moses, J.W., Letnes, B., The economic costs to international labor restrictions: Revisiting the empirical discussion (2004) World Development, 32 (10), pp. 1609-1626; Rao, D.S.P., (1993) Intercountry comparisons of agricultural output and productivity, , Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; Taylor, J.E., Dyer, G.A., Migration and the sending ecnonomy: A disaggregated rural economy-wide analysis (2009) Journal of Development Studies, 45 (6), pp. 966-989},
correspondence_address1={Bradford, S.; Brigham Young UniversityUnited States; email: bradford@byu.edu},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={03785920},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Choudhury20211,
author={Choudhury, R.N.},
title={The China-US trade war and South Asian economies},
journal={The China-US Trade War and South Asian Economies},
year={2021},
pages={1-254},
doi={10.4324/9781003053613},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107248644&doi=10.4324%2f9781003053613&partnerID=40&md5=a4474fe93862ed3db329d80ab2086e0a},
affiliation={New Delhi, India},
abstract={The USA and China, the world's largest economic powers, have been engaging in trade war since January 2018. The impact of this trade war is felt not only by US and China but also by other economies who have economic ties with them. This book provides insights into damages caused by this trade war. The first section of the book looks at the impact of the trade war on the global economy. It goes deeper to examine the trade war impact on the South Asian region. It is well-known that any imposition of new tariffs or an increase in existing tariffs would make imports more costly and render the exported goods less competitive. Yet, the book posits that the trade war has provided a window of opportunity to other countries not caught in it. The South Asian region, with countries like Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, has actually reaped benefits from the widening trade dispute between the world's two biggest economies. This book will be a useful reference to help policymakers to undertake informed decisions and initiate programs to minimise the trade war impact. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Rahul Nath Choudhury; individual chapters, the contributors.},
correspondence_address1={Choudhury, R.N.; New DelhiIndia},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Inc.},
isbn={9781000352467; 9780367513818},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The China-US Trade War and South Asian Econ.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Jadhav202168,
author={Jadhav, P. and Choudhury, R.N.},
title={Impact of US-China trade war on the global economy, free trade, and WTO},
journal={The China-US Trade War and South Asian Economies},
year={2021},
pages={68-78},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107243418&partnerID=40&md5=893add269209b510fbb17e414a8772af},
affiliation={New Delhi, India},
references={Abiad, A., Baris, K., Barnabe, J.A., Bertulfo, D.J., Camingue-Romance, S., Feliciano, P.N., Mariasingham, M.J., Mercer-Blackman, V., The impact of trade conflict on developing Asia (2018) ADB Economics Working Paper Series, pp. 1-44. , https://doi.org/10.22617/wps189770-2; Adekola, T.A., US-China trade war and the WTO dispute settlement mechanism (2019) Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 18 (3), pp. 125-135. , https://doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-02-2019-0011; Bollen, J., Rojas-Romagosa, H., (2018) Trade wars: Economic impacts of US tariff increases and retaliations, an international perspective. CPB Background Document, , The Hague: Centraal Planbureau (Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis); Cali, M., The impact of the US-China trade war on East Asia (2018) Vox, CEPR Policy Portal, , https://voxeu.org/article/impact-us-china-trade-war-east-asia, 16 October; Caporal, J., (2018) U.S., China tussle over Section 301's compatibility with WTO rules at DSB, , https://insidetrade.com/daily-news/us-china-tussle-over-section-301%E2%80%99s-compatibility-wto-rules-dsb, 28 March; Carnegie, A., Trump's trade war escalates: History shows that threats won't work (2018) Foreign Affairs, , www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-06-25/trumps-trade-war-escalates, 25 June; Carvalho, M., Azevedo, A., Massuquetti, A., Emerging countries and the effects of the trade war between US and China (2019) Economies, 7 (2), p. 45. , https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7020045; Chong, T.T.L., Li, X., Understanding the China-US trade war: Causes, economic impact, and the worst-case scenario (2019) Economic and Political Studies, 7 (2), p. 185202. , https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2019.1595328; Ciuriak, D., Xiao, J., (2018) Quantifying the impacts of the US Section 232 Steel and Aluminum Tariffs, , https://ssrn.com/abstract=3190699, C.D. Howe Institute Working Paper, 12 June 2018; Dolgov, S.I., Savinov, Y.A., International trade: USA on the warpath (2018) Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, 9, pp. 7-20; Freund, C., Ferrantino, M., Maliszewska, M., Ruta, M., Impacts on global trade and income of current trade disputes (2018) Macroeconomics, Trade Investment (MTI) Practice Notes, 2, p. 11. , Washington, DC: World Bank; Guo, M., Lu, L., Sheng, L., Yu, M., The day after tomorrow: Evaluating the burden of Trump's trade war (2018) Asian Economic Papers, 17 (1), pp. 101-120. , https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00592; Jones, C.T.C., Trump cools China trade deal hopes (2018) The Times, , www.thetimes.co.uk/article/trump-cools-china-trade-deal-hopes-sww83v70p, 24 May; Kapustina, L., Lipková, L., Silin, Y., Drevalev, A., US-China trade war: Causes and outcomes (2020) SHS Web of Conferences, 73. , https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207301012; Lawrence, R.Z., Can the trading system survive US-China trade friction? (2018) China and World Economy, 20 (5), pp. 62-82. , https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12256; Li, C., He, C., Lin, C., Economic impacts of the possible China-US trade war (2018) Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54 (7), pp. 1557-1577. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2018.1446131; Morrison, W., (2018) China-U.S. Trade Issues, , https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33536.pdf, Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service; Muro, M., How China's proposed tariffs could affect U.S. workers and industries (2018) Brookings, , www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2018/04/09/how-chinas-tariffs-could-affect-u-s-workers-and-industries/, 20 April; Rodrik, D., (2017) Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Schlesinger, J.M., Trump to impose steep aluminum and steel tariffs (2018) WSJ, , www.wsj.com/articles/trump-wont-quickly-announce-new-tariffs-on-aluminum-steel-1519921704, 2 March; Schoenbaum, T.J., WTO dispute settlement: Praise and suggestions for reform (1998) International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 47 (3), pp. 647-658. , https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300062217; Stiglitz, J.E., The US is at risk of losing a trade war with China (2018) Project Syndicate, , 5 August; Vinogradov, A.O., Salitsky, A.I., Semenova, N.K., US-China economic confrontation: Ideology, chronology, meaning (2019) Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 19 (1), pp. 35-46. , https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-35-46; WTO report shows sharp rise in trade-restrictive measures from G20 economies (2018) WTO, , 22 November; Yean Tham, S., Yi, A.K.J., Ann, T.B., U.S.-China trade war: Potential trade and investment spillovers into Malaysia (2019) Asian Economic Papers, 18 (3), pp. 117-135. , https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00729; Zhang, Y., The US-China trade war: A political and economic analysis (2018) Indian Journal of Asian Affairs, 31 (1), pp. 53-74; Zhao, H., Sheng, L., Quantitative analysis: How much is the impact of the U.S. tariffs on $200 billion Chinese imports? (2018) Financial Times Chinese, , www.ftchinese.com/story/001078732?full=y&archive, 1 August},
correspondence_address1={Jadhav, P.; Indian Institute of Foreign TradeIndia},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Inc.},
isbn={9781000352467; 9780367513818},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The China-US Trade War and South Asian Econ.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang2021225,
author={Zhang, W.},
title={The Case for Healthy U.S.-China Agricultural Trade Relations despite Deglobalization Pressures},
journal={Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy},
year={2021},
volume={43},
number={1},
pages={225-247},
doi={10.1002/aepp.13115},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096772078&doi=10.1002%2faepp.13115&partnerID=40&md5=cd5cf62811ea3daeee0792a4101dbd6c},
abstract={The COVID-19 pandemic is crippling the global economy and heightening distrust and political disagreements among major countries. Furthermore, ongoing deglobalization efforts taken by firms and countries are fueling the rise of economic nationalism. A prime example is the possible decoupling of US–China economic and trade relations, which the ongoing trade war has already significantly disrupted. This paper analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 on US agricultural exports to China, especially the added delays and uncertainty regarding China's food imports meeting the US–China phase one trade deal target. I present the views of US farmers and the general public toward China and argue that healthy US–China agricultural trade relations are not only critical for both countries but welcomed by US farmers. I also discuss the possible rise in nontariff barriers following the pandemic as well as trade policies that are increasingly intertwined with political tensions. Finally, I discuss how the US–China phase one trade deal could possibly lead to a more balanced bilateral agricultural trade portfolio with greater share of protein and retail food products. © 2020 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association},
author_keywords={Agricultural Export;  Agricultural Trade;  COVID-19;  Globalization;  Supply Chain;  Trade Policy;  Trade War},
funding_details={101,030, 2019‐67023‐29414},
funding_text 1={The author gratefully acknowledges support from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 101,030 and grant 2019-67023-29414. The author also thanks Chad Hart, Mike Duffy, Kelvin Leibold, Xi He, Minghao Li, and Nate Cook for feedback on an earlier draft.},
funding_text 2={The author gratefully acknowledges support from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 101,030 and grant 2019‐67023‐29414. The author also thanks Chad Hart, Mike Duffy, Kelvin Leibold, Xi He, Minghao Li, and Nate Cook for feedback on an earlier draft.},
references={Balistreri, E.J., Hart, C.E., Hayes, D.J., Li, M., Schulz, L.L., Swenson, D.A., Zhang, W., Crespi, J.M., (2020) The Impact of the 2018 Trade Disruptions on the Iowa Economy. CARD Policy Briefs 18-PB 25, , https://www.card.iastate.edu/products/publications/synopsis/?p=1281; Balistreri, E.J., Zhang, W., Beghin, J., (2020) The State-Level Burden of the Trade War: Interactions between the Market Facilitation Program and Tariffs. Presented at the WiNDC Online Meeting; Beghin, J.C., (2017) Nontariff Measures and International Trade (World Scientific Studies in International Economics, Vol. 56). London: World Scientific Publishing Company. doi, , https://doi.org/10.1142/10150; Bhaskar, A., Beghin, J.C., How Coupled Are Decoupled Farm Payments? A Review of the Evidence (2009) Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 34 (1), pp. 130-153. , https://www.jstor.org/stable/41548405; Blenkinsop, P.E.U., China and 14 Others Agree Stop-gap Fix for WTO Crisis (2020) Reuters Business News, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-wto/eu-china-and-14-others-agree-stop-gap-fix-for-wto-crisis\-idUSKBN21E2I0, March 27, accessed July 1, 2020; Bown, C.P., (2020) Unappreciated Hazards of the US-China Phase One Deal. Technical Report, Peterson Institute for International Economics, , https://www.piie.com/blogs/trade-and-investment-policy-watch/unappreciated-hazards-us-china-phase-one-deal, (accessed October 21, 2020); Bown, C.P., Kolb, M., (2020) Trump's Trade War Timeline: An up-to-Date Guide. Technical Report, Peterson Institute for International Economics, , https://www.piie.com/blogs/trade-investment-policy-watch/trump-trade-war-china-date-guide, (accessed October 21, 2020); Bradsher, K., Chokshi, N., (2020) Virus Disrupts China's Shipping, and World Ports Feel the Impact. The New York Times, February 27, 2020, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/business/economy/china-coronavirus-shipping-ports.html, (accessed October 21, 2020); Carey, A., (2020) China Bans Australian Barley Imports as Trade War Escalates. News.com.au, September 2, 2020, , https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/other-industries/china-bans-australian-barley-imports-as-trade-war-escalates/news-story/4d1bf27e91cf5a47e2165983a1a91081, (accessed October 21, 2020); China Confident of Meeting 2020 Fiscal Targets: Finance Minister. 2020. CGTN, August 7, 2020, , https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-07/China-confident-of-meeting-2020-fiscal-targets-Finance-Minister-SKUFJsrke4/index.html, (accessed October 21, 2020); Cheng, E., (2020) China's Central Bank Sees Little Need for More Emergency Stimulus this Year. CNBC, July 13, 2020, , https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/13/chinas-central-bank-sees-little-need-for-more-stimulus-this-year.html, (accessed October 21, 2020); Chow, D.C., Sheldon, I.M., McGuire, W., The Revival of Economic Nationalism and the Global Trading System (2019) Cardozo Law Journal, p. 2133. , https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3152299; Coppess, J., Schnitkey, G., Swanson, K., Zulauf, C., The Market Facilitation Program: A New Direction in Public Agricultural Policy? (2019) Farmdoc daily, 9 (220). , https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2019/11/the-market-facilitation-program-a-new-direction-in-public-agricultural-policy.html; Davis, B., Wei, L., (2020) Superpower Showdown: How the Battle Between Trump and Xi Threatens a New Cold War, , New York, HarperCollins; Devlin, K., Silver, L., Huang, C., (2020) U.S. Views of China Increasingly Negative amid Coronavirus Outbreak. Pew Research, April 21, 2020, , https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/04/21/u-s-views-of-china-increasingly-negative-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/, (accessed October 21, 2020); Dorning, M., U.S. Rebuffs China, Rejecting Links between Covid and Food. Bloomberg, June 24, 2020, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-24/in-rebuff-to-china-u-s-snubs-any-link-between-covid-and-food?sref=q8seIhDd, (accessed October 21, 2020); Gale, F., Valdes, C., Ash, M., (2019) Interdependence of China, United States, and Brazil in soybean trade. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oil Crops Outlook OCS-19F-01, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=93389; Glauber, J.W., (2019) Agricultural Trade Aid: Implications and Consequences for us Global Trade Relationships in the Context of the World Trade Organization. Technical Report, American Enterprise Institute (AEI), , https://www.aei.org/research-products/report/agricultural-trade-aid-implications-and-consequences-for-us-global-trade-\relationships-in-the-context-of-the-world-trade-organization/; Glauber, J.W., (2020) Trade Restrictions Are the Wrong Way to Address Food Supply Issues in the Covid-19 Crisis. the Hill, May 28, 2020, , https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/496875-trade-restrictions-are-the-wrong-way-to-address-food-supply-issues-in-the, (accessed October 21, 2020); Glauber, J., Laborde, D., Martin, W., Vos, R., (2020) Covid-19: Trade Restrictions Are Worst Possible Response to Safeguard Food Security. 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Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, , https://www.card.iastate.edu/china/covid-19/; Hillman, J.A., A Reset of the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. Technical Report, Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, , https://www.cfr.org/report/reset-world-trade-organizations-appellate-body; (2020) World Economic Outlook Update, June 2020: A crisis like no other, an uncertain recovery. Technical report, , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/06/24/WEOUpdateJune2020; Keaten, J., (2020) US Tariffs on China are Illegal, Says World Trade Body. The AP News, September 15, 2020, , https://apnews.com/58a89252300408e255ed3a9a26004091, (accessed October 21, 2020); Kharas, H., (2020) Who Gained from Global Growth Last Decade - and Who Will Benefit by 2030? 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(2018) Choices, 33 (2), pp. 1-8; Li, M., Balistreri, E., Zhang, W., The U.S.–China Trade War: Tariff Data and General Equilibrium Analysis (2020) Journal of Asian Economics, 69, p. 101216. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101216; Lusk, J., Anderson, J.D., (2020) Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Food and Agricultural Markets. The Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), , https://www.cast-science.org/publication/economic-impacts-of-covid-19-on-food-and-agricultural-markets/, (accessed October 21, 2020); Martin, W., Glauber, J.W., Trade Policy and Food Security (2020) COVID-19 and Trade Policy: Why Turning Inward won't Work, pp. 89-101. , https://voxeu.org/content/covid-19-and-trade-policy-why-turning-inward-won-t-work, ed., Richard E. Baldwin, Simon J. Evenett, London, CEPR Press; Mattoo, A., Waiger, R.W., (2019) Trade Wars: What Do they Mean? Why Are they Happening Now? What Are the Costs? NBER Working Paper 25762, , https://www.nber.org/papers/w25762; Miller, C., (2020) he Dominance of the U.S. Dollar during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Foreign Policy Research Institute, May 6, 2020, , https://www.fpri.org/article/2020/05/the-dominance-of-the-u-s-dollar-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, T, (accessed October 21, 2020); Mintert, J., Langemeier, M., (2020) Farmer Sentiment Rebounds as Commodity Prices Rally and Agriculture Trade Prospects Improve. Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer, September 1, 2020, , https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/ageconomybarometer/farmer-sentiment-rebounds-as-commodity-prices-rally-and-agriculture-trade-prospects-improve/, (accessed October 21, 2020); Newton, J., (2020) Covid-19 Will Likely Push Farm Bankruptcies Higher. Market Intel, American Farm Bureau Federation, May 7, 2020, , https://www.fb.org/market-intel/covid-19-will-likely-push-farm-bankruptcies-higher, (accessed October 21, 2020); Newton, J., Gerlt, S., (2020) Farm Bill Programs at Risk without Immediate CCC Replenishment. Market Intel, American Farm Bureau Federation, September 15, 2020, , https://www.fb.org/market-intel/farm-bill-programs-at-risk-without-immediate-ccc-replenishment, (accessed October 21, 2020); Newton, J., Nepveux, M., (2020) Breaking Down CFAP2. Market Intel, American Farm Bureau Federation, September 18, 2020, , https://www.fb.org/market-intel/breaking-down-cfap-2.0, (accessed October 21, 2020); Palmer, D., Behsudi, A., (2018) Trade Wars: Tariffs on Bourbon, Harleys and Blue Jeans. Politico.com, March 2, 2018, , https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/02/trump-tariffs-world-response-382959, (accessed October 21, 2020); (2020) Ag Economy Barometer, , https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/ageconomybarometer/charts/; Qu, S., Zhang, W., Li, M., Rodriguez, L., Han, G., Cork, E., Gbeda, J.M., (2019) Midwest Crop Farmers' Perceptions of the U.S.-China Trade War. CARD Policy Brief 19-PB 26, Iowa State University, , https://www.card.iastate.edu/products/policy-briefs/display/?n=1294; (2020) China Bans German Pork Imports after African Swine Fever Case. Reuters.com, September 15, , https://www.reuters.com/article/germany-swinefever-china/china-bans-german-pork-imports-after-african-swine-fever-case-idUSKBN2630GW, (accessed October 21, 2020); Rogin, J., (2020) The Coronavirus Crisis Is Turning Americans in both Parties against China. 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Technical Report, Dezan Shira and Associates, , https://www.china-briefing.com/news/the-us-china-trade-war-a-timeline/; Wu, M., The “China, Inc.” Challenge to Global Trade Governance (2016) Harvard International Law Journal, 57 (2), pp. 261-324; Xiong, T., Zhang, W., (2019) Who Benefits most from China's Growing Import Demand Due to African Swine Fever? Ag Decision Maker, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, August 2019, , https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/articles/others/XioAug19.html, (accessed October 21, 2020); Xiong, T., Zhang, W., (2020) The Coronavirus will Delay Agricultural Export Surges Promised in Trade Deal with China. The Conversation, March 13, 2020, , https://theconversation.com/the-coronavirus-will-delay-agricultural-export-surges-promised-in-trade-deal\-with-china-132227, (accessed October 21, 2020); Zhang, W., (2019) Seven Things to Know about China to Understand the Trade War. Ag Decision Maker, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, February 2019, , https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/articles/zhang/ZhaFeb19.html, (accessed October 21, 2020); Zhang, W., (2020) US-China Phase 1 Trade Deal and US Agriculture: A Big Win for Farmers or Too Good to Be True? Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, February 2020, , https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/articles/zhang/ZhaFeb20.html, (accessed October 21, 2020); Zhang, W., Rodriguez, L., Qu, S., (2019) 3 Reasons Midwest Farmers hurt by the U.S.-China Trade War Still Support Trump. The Conversation, November 4, 2019, , https://theconversation.com/3-reasons-midwest-farmers-hurt-by-the-u-s-china-trade-war-still-support-trump-126303, (accessed October 21, 2020); Zhao, M., Is a New Cold War Inevitable? Chinese Perspectives on US–China Strategic Competition (2019) The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 12 (3), pp. 371-394. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz010},
correspondence_address1={Zhang, W.email: wdzhang@iastate.edu},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc},
issn={20405790},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ulyah2021,
author={Ulyah, S.M. and Andreas, C. and Rahmayanti, I.A.},
title={Forecasting gold and oil prices considering us-China trade war using vector autoregressive with exogenous input},
journal={AIP Conference Proceedings},
year={2021},
volume={2329},
doi={10.1063/5.0042362},
art_number={060020},
note={cited By 1; Conference of International Conference on Mathematics, Computational Sciences and Statistics 2020, ICoMCoS 2020 ; Conference Date: 29 September 2020;  Conference Code:167434},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102531469&doi=10.1063%2f5.0042362&partnerID=40&md5=b68a2868c26352d8ec1337068f53f7d4},
affiliation={Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia},
abstract={Gold investment began to be popular among groups, especially millennial generation. This is because the price of gold tends to rise continuously despite uncertain global economy. The objective of this study is to obtain the forecasting model that accommodate the effect of US-China trade war. The model used is a multivariate model that can accommodate contribution of other variables, which is the vector autoregressive with exogenous input (VARX). These variables consist of commodity prices (gold price, oil price) and political issue (US-China Trade War). The results of the study stated that the best fitted model is VARX(2,0)-I(1,0) in the form of reduced model with MAPE less than 12 percent. Moreover, there was no significant contribution of US-China trade war on gold and oil prices. © 2021 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.},
references={Milenial Ingin Investasi Emas? Antam Punya, , https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/milenial-ingin-investasi-emas-antam-punya-solusinya?page=all, Waseso, Ratih and Tendi, Retrieved February 7, 2020; Fang, L., Chen, B., Yu, H., Qian, Y., (2018) Journal of Futures Markets, 38 (3), pp. 413-422; Wen, F., Yang, X., Gong, X., Lai, K.K., (2017) International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 16 (1), pp. 205-223; Gangopadhyay, K., Jangir, A., Sensarma, R., (2016) Iimb Management Review, 28 (1), pp. 6-12; Kristjanpoller, W., Minutolo, M.C., (2015) Expert Systems with Applications, 42 (20), pp. 7245-7251; Liu, C., Hu, Z., Li, Y., Liu, S., (2017) Resources Policy, 52, pp. 427-434; Kriechbaumer, T., Angus, A., Parsons, D., Casado, M.R., (2014) Resources Policy, 39, pp. 32-41; Nazemi, A., Heidenreich, K., Fabozzi, F.J., (2018) European Journal of Operational Research, 271 (2), pp. 664-675; Kristjanpoller, W., Minutolo, M.C., (2018) Expert Systems with Applications, 109, pp. 1-11; Li, P., Dong, Z., (2020) Resources Policy, 68, p. 101749; Ulyah, S.M., Forecasting index and stock returns by considering the effect of Indonesia pre-presidential election 2019 using ARIMAX and VARX approaches (2019) Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1277 (1), p. 012053. , IOP Publishing, IOP Publishing; Gujarati, D.N., (2009) Basic Econometrics, pp. 814-818. , The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York; Enders, W., (2008) Applied Econometric Time Series, , John Wiley & Sons, New York; Pfaff, B., (2008) Journal of Statistical Software, 27 (4), pp. 1-32; Tsay, R.S., (2013) Multivariate Time Series Analysis: With R and Financial Applications, pp. 399-417. , John Wiley & Sons, New York; Swanson, A., Trump's trade war with China is officially underway (2018) The New York Times, , (July 26, ) Retrieved May 26, 2019; (2018) Findings of the Investigation into China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, , Anonymous, ", ", Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, March 22; (2019) China-US Trade War: Sino-American Ties Being Torn down Brick by Brick, , www.aljazeera.com, Anonymous, ", ". Retrieved August 18; (2019) For the U.S. And China, It's Not a Trade War Anymore - It's Something Worse, , Anonymous, ", ". Los Angeles Times. May 31, 2019. Retrieved August 18; (2019) Ndr 2019: Singapore Will Be 'Principled' in Approach to China-US Trade Dispute; Ready to Help Workers, , Anonymous, ", ". CNA. Retrieved August 18; Rappeport, A., Bradsher, K., Trump existing tariffs on Chinese says he will raise goods to 30 (2019) The New York Times, , (August 23, 2019). Retrieved August 25; Serrano, J., In furtherance of national interest or a pirate's blockade?: The effect of the trade war on the us steel, aluminum, and solar industries (2020) Colorado Natural Resources, Energy & Environmental Law Review, 31 (2); Armstrong, J.S., (2007) International Journal of Forecasting, 23 (2), pp. 321-327; Kostenko, A.V., Hyndman, R.J., (2008) Forecasting without Significance Tests, , Manuscript, Monash University, Australia},
correspondence_address1={Ulyah, S.M.; Department of Mathematics, Indonesia; email: maghfirotul.ulyah@fst.unair.ac.id},
editor={Alfiniyah C., Fatmawati, Windarto},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={0094243X},
isbn={9780735440739},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Conf. Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Al-Taie202129,
author={Al-Taie, A.H.H. and Salman, A.H.},
title={American trade policy between protectionism and economic dumping for the period of 2009-2021: Implications for China and Iraq [Торгова політика США між протекціонізмом й економічним демпінгом в період 2009–2021 років: наслідки для Китаю та Іраку] [Торговая политика США между протекционизмом и экономическим демпингом у период 2009–2021 годов: последствия для Китая и Ирака]},
journal={Economic Annals-XXI},
year={2021},
volume={187},
number={1-2},
pages={29-35},
doi={10.21003/EA.V187-03},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113297368&doi=10.21003%2fEA.V187-03&partnerID=40&md5=c6a0d88697528214771fe611aedfb182},
affiliation={Department of Economics, College of Administration and Economics, Al-Mustansiriya University, P.O. Box: 14022, Palestine Str., Baghdad, Iraq},
abstract={The main aim of the study is to investigate the American trade policy between protectionism and economic dumping for the period 2011-2021. The trade war between the United States of America and China is a serious issue in terms of international economic relations, which has negative effects on the global economy, especially those related to the low rates of international trade. Accordingly, the return of economic and trade relations between the two countries to their previous state will have positive effects on the developing oil economies, including the increase in oil prices in global markets. The increase in oil prices will lead to an increase in the trade exchange of Iraq with the countries worldwide, given that its economy is among the developing oil-dependent economies that depend on oil as the main source of its revenues. Likewise, it is in the economic interest of Iraq that China becomes the first trading partner after the value of trade exchange between the two countries reached 30 billion dollars in 2020, and the same is true for the United States of America, the second trading partner, as the value of trade exchange between the two countries amounted to 13.1 billion dollars in 2020. © Institute of Society Transformation, 2021.},
author_keywords={China;  Economic dumping;  Iraq;  Trade policy;  Trade war;  USA;  Worldwide trading},
references={Barattieri, A., Cacciatore, M., (2020) Self-Harming trade policy? Protectionism and production networks, , https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27630/w27630.pdf, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 27630; Berger, A. N., The economic effects of technological progress: Evidence from the banking industry (2003) Journal of Money, credit and Banking, 35, pp. 141-176. , https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2002.50; Cetorelli, N., Strahan, P. E., Finance as a barrier to entry: Bank competition and industry structure in local US markets (2006) The Journal of Finance, 61 (1), pp. 437-461. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00841.x; Chang, Y.-M., Raza, M. F., (2021) Dumping, Antidumping Duties, and Price Undertakings: Policy Implications of Trade in Quality-Differentiated Products, , https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3770451; Chen, Sh, Jefferson, G. H., Zhang, J., Structural change, productivity growth and industrial transformation in China (2011) China Economic Review, 22 (1), pp. 133-150. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2010.10.003; Dedola, L., Lippi, F., The monetary transmission mechanism: evidence from the industries of five OECD countries (2005) European Economic Review, 49 (6), pp. 1543-1569. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2003.11.006; Frank, A. G., Cortimiglia, M. N., Ribeiro, J. L. D., de Oliveira, L. S., The effect of innovation activities on innovation outputs in the Brazilian industry: Market-orientation vs. technology-acquisition strategies (2016) Research Policy, 45 (3), pp. 577-592. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.11.011; Ghosh, A., Banking-industry specific and regional economic determinants of non-performing loans: Evidence from US states (2015) Journal of financial stability, 20, pp. 93-104. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2015.08.004; Grant, D., Yeo, B., A global perspective on tech investment, financing, and ICT on manufacturing and service industry performance (2018) International Journal of Information Management, 43, pp. 130-145. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.06.007; Guan, R., Zheng, H., Hu, J., Fang, Q., Ren, R., The higher carbon intensity of loans, the higher nonperforming loan ratio: The case of China (2017) Sustainability, 9 (4), p. 667. , https://doi.org/10.3390/SU9040667; Hopewell, K., Strategic Narratives in Global Trade Politics: American Hegemony, Free Trade, and the Hidden Hand of the State (2021) The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 14 (1), pp. 51-86. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poaa020; Iatridis, G., Dalla, K., The impact of IFRS implementation on Greek listed companies: An industrial sector and stock market index analysis (2011) International journal of managerial finance, 7 (3), pp. 284-303. , https://doi.org/10.1108/17439131111144478; Kim, S. E., Pelc, K. J., The Politics of Trade Adjustment Versus Trade Protection (2020) Comparative Political Studies, , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0010414020957687, 0010414020957687; Kolev, D. R., Prusa, T. J., Dumping and double crossing: the (in) effectiveness of cost-based trade policy under incomplete information (2021) Economic Effects of Antidumping, pp. 129-152. , https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811225253_0007, Prusa, T. J. (Ed). Rutgers University},
publisher={Institute of Society Transformation},
issn={17286220},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eco. Annals.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Lee2021379,
author={Lee, J.W. and Dy, M.},
title={Nationalism, consolidation, and rationalization in the aviation industry},
journal={Covid-19 in Asia: Law and Policy Contexts},
year={2021},
pages={379-394},
doi={10.1093/oso/9780197553831.003.0026},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113090891&doi=10.1093%2foso%2f9780197553831.003.0026&partnerID=40&md5=fcd0fa61594d236f1f764999f8e327e1},
affiliation={Faculty of Law, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; AirAsia Group, Malaysia},
abstract={This chapter details how governments, especially in Asia, have supported the airline industry during the Covid-19 crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a tremendous toll on the global economy, and the airline industry was hit hard by the global crisis. Although the airline industry has always been vulnerable to external shocks such as wars, disease outbreaks, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks, none of them has affected the airline industry to the degree of Covid-19. Indeed, the steep decline in air travel in the early stages of the pandemic, followed by the progressive closure of borders in early 2020, presented the airline industry with an unprecedented existential threat. The chapter then analyzes how Covid-19 changed and will continue to change the industry, outlining three key mega-trends: nationalization, consolidation, and rationalization. © the several contributors 2021.},
author_keywords={Air travel;  Airline industry;  Asia;  Asian governments;  Border closures;  Consolidation;  Covid-19 pandemic;  Nationalization;  Rationalization},
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(2020) World Economic Outlook, International Monetary Fund, , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/01/20/weo-update-january2020, 20 January; Aviation and COVID-19: State Actions (2020) Security and Facilitation, , https://www.icao.int/Security/COVID-19/Pages/StateActions.aspx, ICAO, accessed 11 May; Pallini, T., United Is Boarding Economy Passengers First and Business Class Last on All Flights to Promote Social Distancing (2020) Business Insider, , https://www.businessinsider.com/united-boarding-economy-passengers-first-ensure-social-distancing-2020-5, 1 May; Whitney, A., How Coronavirus Will Forever Change Airlines and the Way We Fly (2020) Bloomberg, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-04-24/coronavirus-travel-Covid-19-will-change-airlines-and-how-we-fly, 25 April; (2013) Worldwide Air Transport Conference, , https://www.icao.int/Meetings/atconf6/Documents/WorkingPapers/ATConf6-wp012_en.pdf, Montreal, March; Capacity: Hanging in the balance (2010) Flight Global, , https://www.flightglobal.com/capacity-hanging-in-the-balance/92015.article, 16 February},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780197553831},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Covid-19 in Asia: Law and Policy Contexts},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dabrowska20211,
author={Dabrowska, J. and Sobota, M. and Swiader, M. and Borowski, P. and Moryl, A. and Stodolak, R. and Kucharczak, E. and Zieba, Z. and Kazak, J.K.},
title={Marine waste-sources, fate, risks, challenges and research needs},
journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
year={2021},
volume={18},
number={2},
pages={1-17},
doi={10.3390/ijerph18020433},
art_number={433},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100069747&doi=10.3390%2fijerph18020433&partnerID=40&md5=6ddfbe86dc117c78ea88fdd9ea5c6661},
affiliation={Institute of Building Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-363, Poland; Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-357, Poland; Institute of Spatial Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-357, Poland; Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-650, Poland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-363, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland},
abstract={The article presents a comprehensive and cross-cutting review of key marine waste issues, taking into account: Sources, fate, risks, transport pathways, threats, legislation, current challenges, and knowledge gaps. The growing amount of both human-created waste in seas and oceans and waste reaching marine ecosystems from land is one of today’s challenges for the global economy and the European Union. It is predicted that if no decisive steps are taken to limit the amount of this type of waste, there may be more plastic waste than fish in the oceans after 2050. The influence of microplastics and nanoplastics on living organisms remains undiagnosed. Within the international and EU law, solutions are being developed to properly manage waste on board ships and to reduce the impact of processes related to the recycling of the vessels on the environment. Currently, over 80% of ships are dismantled in the countries of South Asia, in conditions that threaten the environment and the safety of workers. After World War 2, large quantities of chemical weapons were deposited in the seas. Steel containers with dangerous substances residing in the sea for over 70 years have begun leaking, thus polluting water. For many years, radioactive waste had also been dumped into marine ecosystems, although since 1993 there has been a total ban on such disposal of radionuclides. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marine waste generation has also been presented as a significant factor influencing marine waste generation and management. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Chemical weapon;  Marine ecosystems;  Marine transport;  MARPOL;  Microplastics;  Nanoplastics;  Radioactive waste;  SARS-CoV-2;  Ship recycling;  Sustainable waste management},
keywords={chemical warfare agent;  radioisotope;  plastic, chemical weapon;  environmental fate;  European Union;  international law;  marine ecosystem;  plastic waste;  research work;  risk assessment;  waste management, coronavirus disease 2019;  economic aspect;  environmental impact;  European Union;  law;  marine debris;  microplastic pollution;  occupational safety;  pandemic;  radioactive waste;  recycling;  Review;  sea pollution;  South Asia;  waste management;  Asia;  ecosystem;  environmental monitoring;  human;  sea;  water pollution, Europe, SARS coronavirus, Asia;  COVID-19;  Ecosystem;  Environmental Monitoring;  Humans;  Oceans and Seas;  Pandemics;  Plastics;  Water Pollution},
chemicals_cas={Plastics},
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Technol, 54, pp. 7760-7765; Parashar, N., Hait, S., Plastics in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Protector or polluter? (2021) Sci. Total Environ, 759, p. 144274; Rajesh, S., James, D.M., Elcin Akcura & Lamin Njie (2020) COVID-19’s Impact on the Waste Sector, , International Finance Corporation: Washington, DC, USA; Cordova, M.R., Nurhati, I.S., Riani, E., Nurhasanah, Iswari, M.Y., Unprecedented plastic-made personal protective equipment (PPE) debris in river outlets into Jakarta Bay during COVID-19 pandemic (2021) Chemosphere, 268, p. 129360; De-la-Torre, G.E., Aragaw, T.A., What we need to know about PPE associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the marine environment (2020) Mar. Pollut. Bull, 163, p. 111879; Aragaw, T.A., Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario (2020) Mar. Pollut. Bull, 159, p. 111517; Canning-Clode, J., Sepúlveda, P., Almeida, S., Monteiro, J., Will COVID-19 Containment and Treatment Measures Drive Shifts in Marine Litter Pollution? (2020) Front. Mar. Sci, 7, p. 691; Patrício Silva, A.L., Prata, J.C., Walker, T.R., Campos, D., Duarte, A.C., Soares, A.M.V.M., Barcelò, D., Rocha-Santos, T., Rethinking and optimising plastic waste management under COVID-19 pandemic: Policy solutions based on redesign and reduction of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment (2020) Sci. Total Environ, 742, p. 140565},
correspondence_address1={Dabrowska, J.; Institute of Building Engineering, Poland; email: jolanta.dabrowska@upwr.edu.pl},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={16617827},
pubmed_id={33430467},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Abolorunde202148,
author={Abolorunde, A.S.},
title={THE BRITISH STRATEGY OF DEALING WITH NATIONAL SABOTAGE AND THE ALLIES' ECONOMIC INTERESTS THROUGH WARTIME IMPORT CONTROL IN NIGERIA, 1939-1945},
journal={Southern Journal for Contemporary History},
year={2021},
volume={46},
number={2},
pages={48-67},
doi={10.18820/24150509/SJCH46.v2.4},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148246969&doi=10.18820%2f24150509%2fSJCH46.v2.4&partnerID=40&md5=6f96dd6583ac422a11c642db5b5c0f5a},
affiliation={Department of History, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria},
abstract={The outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 had far-reaching impact on the history of the world, including the deployment of new strategies of war, the stresses and strains of the global economy and a global call for decolonisation. Through their works, historians, political scientists, sociologists, and economists have examined the developments that unfolded during the war. The mobilisation of the Allied powers' resources against the Axis powers, the bombardments of the enemy's territories within and outside Europe, the initial success of the Axis in the early stages of the war are typical examples of the developments that manifested during the Second World War. Similarly, scholars such as Kehinde Faluyi and Ayodeji Olukoju have interrogated the effects of the war on Africa, the various policies of the European powers in their respective colonies during the war, the mobilisation of human and material resources of these African colonies for war efforts, the impact of the war on the economy of the African continent as a whole, the nature of food supply from Nigeria as a colony for metropolitan war efforts and the intensification of economic blockade against the Axis' economic presence in Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. These intellectual efforts seem to have neglected how the British used import control in Nigeria as a wartime tool for dealing with metropolitan sabotage adopted against the British war effort and the intensification of economic blockade against the British wartime allies in Nigeria. The paper argues that the British deployed import control to curb the national sabotage of the manufacturers in Britain and restrict the economic presence of their allies during the war. © Southern Journal for Contemporary History. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Britain Wartime Allies;  Import Control;  Nigeria},
references={Woloch, I, Brown, GS, (1982) Eighteenth century Europe: Tradition and progress, 1715-1789, p. 207. , (New York: W.W. Norton and Company Incorporation); Hobson, JA, (1975) Imperialism: A study, p. 66. , (New York: Gordon Press); Kemp, T, The Marxist theory of imperialism (1972) Studies in the ttheory of imperialism, p. 18. , R Owen and B Sutcliffe (eds), (London: Longman Publishers); Hopkins, AG, (1974) An economic history of West Africa, p. 120. , (London: Longman Publishers); Broadberry, S, Howlett, P, Blood, sweat and tears: British mobilisation for World War ll (2002) A world at total war: Global conflict and politics of destruction, 1939-1945, , R Chickering and S Forster (eds), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Rourke, KO, From empire to Europe: Britain in the world economy (2012) Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History Number 106, , University of Oxford. October; Garvin, RJ, Oyemakinde, W, Economic development in Nigeria since 1800 (1980) Groundwork of Nigerian history, p. 512. , O Ikime (ed), (Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books); Lowe, N, (1982) Mastering modern world history, p. 101. , 5th ed. (London: Palgrave Macmillan); Peacock, HL, (1984) A history of modern Europe 1789-1981, pp. 342-343. , also, 7th ed (London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd); Palmer, RR, (2007) A history of the modern world since 1815, p. 827. , 10th ed. (New York: Mc Graw-Hill); Faluyi, EK, The development of agricultural exports and official intervention in produce marketing (1996) Economic history of West Africa, p. 175. , GO Ogunremi and EK Faluyi (eds), (Ibadan: Rex Charles Publication); Nwabughuogu, AI, British wartime demands and Nigerian response: The case of palm produce exports and internal trade between Eastern and Northern Nigeria, 1939-45 (1992) Perspectives in history: Essay in honour of Professor Obaro Ikime, p. 76. , AE Ekoko and SO Agbi (eds), (Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books Nigeria Plc); Ibhawoh, B, Second World War propaganda, imperial idealism and anti-colonial nationalism in British West Africa (2007) Nordic Journal of African Studies, 16 (2), pp. 221-243; Faluyi, K, The development of agricultural exports and official intervention in produce marketing Economic history of West Africa, , Scholars such as in his work GO Ogunremi and EK Faluyi (eds); Ibhawoh, B, Second World War propaganda, imperial idealism and anticolonial nationalism in British West Africa" (2007) Nordic Journal of African Studies, 16 (2), pp. 221-243; Lowe, Mastering modern world history, p. 101; AFP, Mendes etal, Industrialisation in Sub-Saharan Africa and import substitution policy (2014) Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 34 (1), p. 122; Hill, CP, (1987) British economic and social history: 1700-1982, p. 268. , 5th ed. (Norwich: Hodder and Stoughton Limited); Cain, PJ, Hopkins, AG, (1993) British imperialism: 1688-2000, p. 627. , (London: Longman Publishers Limited); Garvin, Oyemakinde, Economic development in Nigeria since 1800, p. 512; Onyekpe, JGN, Western influence on Nigeria in the era of new imperialism (1997) Nigerian peoples and culture, p. 231. , A Osuntokun and A Olukoju (eds), (Ibadan: Davidson Press); Hill, British economic and social history: 1700-1982, pp. 1688-2000. , 5th ed; Cain and Hopkins, British imperialism; Boahen, AA, (1987) African perspectives on colonialism, p. 61. , (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press); Ekundare, RO, (1973) An economic history of Nigeria, 1860-1960, p. 71. , (London: Methuen and Co. Limited); Ekundare, An economic history of Nigeria, 1860-1960, p. 75; Falola, T, (1991) History of Nigeria: Nigeria in the twentieth century, p. 39. , (Lagos: Lean Africa P.L.C); Njoku, N, Trade with the metropolis: An unequal exchange (1987) Britain and Nigeria: Exploitation or development?, p. 127. , T Falola (ed), (London: Zed Books Limited); Oliver, R, Atmore, A, (1967) Africa since 1800, p. 153. , 5th ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press); (1939) Import and export restrictions, 1939": Secret: Import restrictions in emergency, , National Archives Ibadan (NAI), Chief Secretary's Office (CSO) 18/19, 27 July; Olukoju, A, Buy British, sell foreign'. External trade control policies in Nigeria during World War ll and its aftermath, 1939-1950 (2002) International Journal of African Historical Studies, 35 (2-3), p. 365; 13 Import Control: Power to Impose Penalties without Recourse to a Court, 1940-1941, , NAI, Department of Commerce and Industries (DCI) 1/1 4032 S; (1940) Import Control Open Licences, , NAI, DCI1/1/4032/S 5, 1949; (1950) Import Control Procedure Country of Origin, , NAI, DCI1/1/CS411A, 1956; Hill, British economic and social history, 1700-1982, p. 268; (1940), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S:15, Import Control: Iron, Steel Product, 1941; Hill, British economic and social history 1700-1982, p. 271. , 5th ed; Hobson, Imperialism: A study, p. 73; (1942) DCI 1/4032/S: 67 Import Control Telegraph from Colonial Office to British West Africa, , NAI; DCI 1/1/4032/S:65 Import Control: Fan Belts, 1942-1943; Ekoko, AE, Conscript labour and tin mining in Nigeria during the Second World War (1982) Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, 11 (3-4), p. 67. , 1983; Ekoko, Conscript labour and tin mining, p. 67; (1942), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S:65 Import Control: Fan Belts, 1943; (1942), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S:65 Import Control: Fan Belts, 1943; NAI /1/4032/S:65 Import Control: Fan Belts, 1942-1943; DCI 1/1/4032/S:18 Import Control Motor Vehicles Excluding Correspondence about quota, 1944-1945, , NAI; DCI 1/1/4032/S:18 Import Control Motor Vehicles Excluding Correspondence about quota, 1944-1945, , NAI; (1943), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S: 162 Import Control: Goods from U.S.A., 1944; Lowe, Mastering modern world history, p. 95; Lowe, Mastering modern world history, p. 97; Hill, British economic and social history, 1700-1982, p. 267; Hinds, A, Colonial policy and Nigerian cotton exports, 1935-1951 (1996) International Journal of African Historical Studies, 29 (1), p. 25; Hinds, Colonial policy and Nigerian cotton exports, p. 26; Hinds, Colonial policy and Nigerian cotton exports, p. 27; Ochonu, M, Coinjoined to empire: The great depression and Nigeria (2006) African Economic History, 34, p. 106; Ochonu, Coinjoined to empire, p. 107; (1942), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S:110 Import Control: Motor Spares, 1943; DCI 1/1/4032/S: 143 Import Control: Imports From French Colonies, 1943-1944, , NAI; DCI 1/1/4032/S: 143 Import Control: Imports From French Colonies, 1943-1944, , NAI; DCI 1/1/4032/S: 143 Import Control: Imports From French Colonies, 1943-1944, , NAI; (1943), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S:162 Import Control: Goods from U.S.A, 1944; DCI 1/1/4032/S: 143 Import Control: Imports From French Colonies, 1943-1944, , NAI; (1944) DCI 1/1/4032/S:18 Import Control: Motor Vehicles Excluding Correspondence about quota, , NAI; (1944) DCI 1/1/4032/S:18 Import Control: Motor Vehicles Excluding Correspondence about quota, , NAI; (1944) DCI 1/1/4032/S:18 Import Control: Motor Vehicles Excluding Correspondence about quota, , NAI; DCI 1/1/4032/S: 87 Import Control: Bicycles and Parts, 1942-1943, , NAI; DCI 1/1/4032/S: 87 Import Control: Bicycles and Parts, 1942-1943, , NAI; (1943), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S: 135 Import Control: A.G Leventis Company, 1945; (1944), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S: 162 Import Control: Goods from U.S.A, 1945; (1943) DCI 1/1/4032 S: 143 Import Control: Import from French Colonies, , NAI; (1944), NAI, DCI 1/1/4032/S: 162 Import Control: Goods from U.S.A, 1945},
correspondence_address1={Abolorunde, A.S.; Department of History, Nigeria; email: ay4real180@yahoo.com},
publisher={Southern Journal for Contemporary History},
issn={02582422},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={South. J. Contemp. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Onwaniban2021281,
author={Onwaniban, E.},
title={Africa and the Cold War},
journal={Africa in Global History: A Handbook},
year={2021},
pages={281-296},
doi={10.1515/9783110678017-016},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147084095&doi=10.1515%2f9783110678017-016&partnerID=40&md5=4d3deaedb4576bb85decfbc35da4d364},
affiliation={Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nigerian Army Resource Centre, Abuja, Nigeria},
abstract={The Cold War era marked a watershed in the history of Africa in international relations. African states enjoyed a new independence in dealing with other powers of the world, contrary to the past where they related as vassals under different colonial regimes. The economy of the continent became properly submerged into the global economy, a process that began over four centuries earlier. Africa and other Third World countries joined the Non-Aligned Movement in their bid to assert their independence and improve their political economy. This became a tool for national leaders to play in international politics with the two ideological blocs of the Cold War. The assistance rendered by the superpowers in support of ideologically aligned factions generated intense violence and crises. These Cold War divides destabilized the continent and lasted for decades after the Cold War. While the Cold War facilitated decolonization in Africa and provided avenues for Africa states to express their views internationally, it also created opportunity for the western superpowers to become intrinsically involved in the affairs of Africa. Today Africa remains underdeveloped, and external influence continues to hinder effective independence. The Non- Aligned movement did not succeed in the neutrality it envisaged. However, it continues to serve as a unique voice of the Third World Countries on the world stage. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.},
author_keywords={Cold War;  Foreign aid and independence;  Global capitalist economy;  Non-Aligned Movement},
correspondence_address1={Onwaniban, E.; Department of History, Nigeria},
publisher={De Gruyter},
isbn={9783110678017; 9783110677812},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. In Glob. History: A Handb.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Lele20219,
author={Lele, U. and Goswami, S.},
title={Food for All: Setting the Scene},
journal={Food for All: International Organizations and the Transformation of Agriculture},
year={2021},
pages={9-60},
doi={10.1093/oso/9780198755173.003.0002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145529378&doi=10.1093%2foso%2f9780198755173.003.0002&partnerID=40&md5=d0fa1154287b5473d7f7758f958f7fc2},
abstract={Setting the scene, this chapter identifies key recent international agreements germane to the book’s subject matter-namely, Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Accord-against which the role of structural transformation and the five key international organizations concerned with food and agriculture are reviewed. Transformation of food and agriculture is occurring in the face of growing trade uncertainties, demographic transition, rapid urbanization, dietary transition, and growing horizontal (cross-sectoral) and vertical (from farm-to-fork) integration. Meanwhile, conflict has caused the largest displacement of humans since the Second World War. Forced migration arising from humanitarian disasters is making unprecedented demands on food and financial assistance. Economists traditionally have viewed structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing as pivotal for developing countries, but it has become increasingly difficult for lagging countries. Other transformations are also reshaping the global economy, including financial transformation (a shift from traditional North–South global savings and investment pattern to South–North), and energy transformation (shift from fossil fuels to renewables). Concurrently, the food and agricultural sectors are confronting new paradigms-such as environmentally sustainable food production and shifting focus in agriculture from individual energy (calorie) supply to nutritious, healthful foods, leading to a life-cycle approach to diets-which are influencing how the international development community views structural transformation and the role of agriculture. This chapter sets the stage for inquiries into food, transformations, international organizations and their interactions, and implications for a better outcome: Nutritious food for all that is environmentally sustainable. © Uma Lele, Manmohan Agarwal, Brian C. Baldwin, and Sambuddha Goswami 2021.},
author_keywords={Climate change;  International agreement;  International organization;  Structural transformation;  Sustainable Development Goal},
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Press Release, December 15, , http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/12/15/global-community-commitment-end-poverty-ida18, World Bank, Washington, DC; (2015) World Bank/Imf Spring Meetings 2015: Development Committee Communique, , http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/04/18/world-bank-imf-spring-meetings-2015-development-committee-communique, Washington, DC; (2007) Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, , https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4841/1/4841.pdf, Washington, DC: AICR; Wright, B.D., (2014) Causes and Types of Food Price Volatility. 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publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198755173},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Food for All: International Organizations and the Transformation of Agriculture},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Millmow20211,
author={Millmow, A.},
title={Introduction},
journal={Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought},
year={2021},
pages={1-14},
doi={10.1007/978-981-33-6946-7_1},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142605684&doi=10.1007%2f978-981-33-6946-7_1&partnerID=40&md5=8d861a9f12a2a22e3cfec65c7879f4ee},
affiliation={Federation Business School, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia},
abstract={This chapter gives an overview of Colin Clark’s life and career. His life was informed by three themes, his love of Australia and, before that, Britain; his Roman Catholicism; and his ideological odyssey from distributivism to radical conservatism. Despite taking the economics world by storm with a mercurial ability for statistical analysis, Clark’s work has been largely overlooked in the 30 years since his death. His career was punctuated by a number of firsts. He was the first economist to derive the concept of GNP, the first to broach development economics and to foresee the re-emergence of India and China within the global economy. In 1945 he predicted the rise and persistence of inflation when taxation levels exceeded 25% of GNP. And he was also the first economist to debunk post-war predictions of mass hunger by arguing that rapid population growth engendered economic development. A figure akin to an intellectual fountain, Clark wandered through applied economics in much the same way as he rambled through the English countryside and the Australian bush. His imaginative wanderings over the main fields of economics qualify him as the gypsy economist for the twentieth century. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.},
references={Arndt, H.W., Colin Clark (1979) International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, Biographical Supplement, 18, pp. 121-124. , D.L. Sills (ed.), Vol., New York: The Free Press; Arndt, H.W., Stubbornly Defending the Free Trade Position (1992) Economic Analysis and Policy, 22 (2), pp. 117-126; Arndt, H.W., (2000) Colin Clark, History of Economics Review, Supplement, pp. 1-5; Arndt, H.W., Colin Clark as a Development Economist (2000) History of Economics Review, Supplement, pp. 6-14; Blackman, B., (1986) Oral Interview with Colin Clark National Library of Australia; Bulbeck, C., Colin Clark and the Greening of Queensland: The Influences of a Senior Public Servant on Queensland Economic Development: 1938 to 1952 (1987) Australian Journal of Politics and History, 33 (1), pp. 7-18; (2018) Applied Energy, , Cairncross, A.K. 1988, in Ironmonger, D., J.O.N. Perkins and T. Van Hoa (eds.): 11–19; Castles, I., Vice President’s Note (1999) Dialogue, 18 (1), pp. 7-22; Castles, I., (2014) ‘Measuring Economic Progress: From Political Arithmetick to Social Accounts, pp. 271-280. , in A. Podger and D. Trewin (eds.) Measuring and Promoting Well-Being: How Important Is Economic Growth? Canberra: ANU Press; Clark, C., The Economics of House-Work (1958) Quarterly Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Statistics Bulletin, 20, pp. 205-211; Clark, C., (1977) Encounter, 48 (6), pp. 80-89. , ‘The Golden Age of the Great Economists; Clark, C., Australia’s Wrong Turnings (1978) Quadrant, 12 (12), pp. 5-10; Clark, C., (1984) ‘Development Economics: The Early Years, pp. 59-77. , in G.M. Meier and D. Seers (eds.) Pioneers in Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Clark, C., (1986) Administrative History in Queensland, , ‘The Bureau of Industry’, in D. Fraser (ed.), Brisbane: Royal Australian Institute of Public Administration; Clark, G., Between Four Worlds: China Russia Japan and Australia (2010) Between Four Careers: Diplomat, , Economist, Journalist and Japanologist, internet version; Coyle, D., Review of the Power of a Single Number (2017) Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 39 (4), pp. 610-611; (1954) Wartime Agriculture in Australia and New Zealand 1939–1950, , Crawford, J.G. (ed.), Redwood City: Stanford University Press; Crossman, P., Plus Ca Change: Problems Faced by the Queensland Government Economic Advisor (1997) Economic Analysis and Policy, 27 (1), pp. 1-42; Davis, K., Colin Clark and the Benefits of an Increase in Population (1968) Scientific American, 218 (4), pp. 133-138; Endres, A., Colin Clark (2007) In J.E. King (Ed.) a Biographical Dictionary of Australian and New Zealand Economists. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 49–54; Garnaut, R., Removing Climate Change as a Barrier to Economic Progress (2013) Economic Analysis and Policy, 43 (1), pp. 31-47; Giblin, L.F., Economic Progress (1940) Economic Record, 16 (2), pp. 262-270; Grattan, H., Colin Clark: A Conservative as Radical (1956) The Antioch Review, 16 (3), pp. 374-384; Grattan, H., Colin Clark on Australia (1958) The Review of Politics, 20 (4), pp. 615-622; Groenewegen, P.D., The Making of Good Economists; Reviewing Some Consequences of Colin Clark’s Life and Practice (1994) Australian Quarterly, 66 (1), pp. 7-24; Groenewegen, P.D., McFarlane, B., (1990) A History of Australian Economic Thought, , London: Routledge; Healey, D.T., McFarlane, B., Colin Clark Reminisces: An Unscripted Discussion (1977) Economics Working Paper, 12; Herbert, W., Vale Colin Clark (1991) World Review, 30 (3), pp. 60-63; Higgins, C., Colin Clark: An Interview (1989) Economic Record, 65 (3), pp. 296-310; Ibn Khaldoun, I., (1967) The Muqaddimah: A History. Translated by Franz Rosenthal, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; (1988) National Income and Economic Progress. Essays in Honour of Colin Clark, , Ironmonger, D., J.O.N. Perkins and T. Van Hoa (eds.), London: Macmillan; Kelley, A., Economic Consequences of Population Change in the Third World (1988) Journal of Economic Literature, 26 (4), pp. 1685-1728; (2018) Applied Energy, , Kenwood, A.G. 1988, ‘The Use of Statistics for Policy Advising: Colin Clark in Queensland, 1938–52’, in D. Ironmonger, J.O.N. Perkins and T. Van Hoa (eds.) op. cit. 107–123; Kenwood, A.G., 2007, ‘Clark, Colin Grant (1905–1989) Australian Dictionary of Biography, 17. , Vol., Melbourne: Melbourne University Press; (2018) Applied Energy, , Klein, L. 1988, ‘Global Monetarism’, in D. Ironmonger, J.O.N. Perkins and T. Hoa (eds.): 169–176; Kolsen, H.M., Colin Clark: A Personal Tribute (1990) Economic Analysis and Policy, 20 (1), pp. 2-3; Kolsen, H.M., Vale Colin Clark (1991) World Review, 30 (3), pp. 63-67; Lepenies, P., (2016) The Power of A Single Number: A Political History of the GDP, , New York: Columbia University Press; Maddison, A., Quantifying and Interpreting World Development: Macromeasurement Before and After Colin Clark (2004) Australian Economic History Review, 44 (1), pp. 1-34; Millmow, A.J., Colin Clark and Australia (2012) History of Economics Review, 55, pp. 56-70; Pen, J., (1976) Modern Economics, , London: Pelican; Perkins, J.O.N., Powell, A.A., Colin Clark, 1905–1989: ‘An Affectionate Memoir (1990) Economic Record, 66 (4), pp. 329-341; Peters, G., In Memoriam: Colin Clark (1990) Journal of Agricultural Economics, 41 (1), pp. 129-131; Peters, G., Colin Clark (1905–1989): Economist and Agricultural Economist (2001) Working Paper No. 69, , Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford; Pratten, C., Clark, Colin Grant (1905–89) (2004) In D. Rutherford (Ed.) Biographical Dictionary of British Economists. Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum: 223–227; Pyatt, G., Comment (1984) Pioneers in Development, pp. 78-83. , G.M. Meier and D. Seers (eds.), Oxford University Press; Rostow, W.W., (1990) Theorists of Economic Growth from David Hume to the Present, , New York: Oxford University Press; Sanderson, A.R., Siegfried, J., The Nobel Prize in Economics Turns 50 (2019) The American Economist, 64 (2), pp. 1-19; Schumpeter, J.A., (1952) Ten Great Economists, , London: George Allen and Unwin; Simon, D., (2006) Fifty Key Thinkers on Development, , London: Routledge; Skidelsky, R., (1996) The Road from Serfdom, , New York: Penguin Books; Speich, D., The Use of Global Abstractions: National Income Accounting in the Period of Imperial Decline (2011) Journal of Global History, 6 (1), pp. 7-28; Tily, G., John Maynard Keynes and the Development of National Accounts in Britain, 1895–1941 (2009) Review of Income and Wealth, 55 (2), pp. 331-359},
correspondence_address1={Millmow, A.; Federation Business School, Australia; email: a.millmow@federation.edu.au},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26626578},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Palgrave. Stud. Hist. Econ. Thought.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Daunton202163,
author={Daunton, M.},
title={World Trade Organization and BRICS: A historical perspective},
journal={Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies},
year={2021},
pages={63-92},
doi={10.1093/oso/9780198827535.001.0002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136621622&doi=10.1093%2foso%2f9780198827535.001.0002&partnerID=40&md5=328cec860b7a6b04ee32a2e13ab33314},
affiliation={University of Cambridge, United Kingdom},
abstract={The World Trade Organization emerged from the Uruguay Round of 1986 to 1994 and covered development as well as trade—an ambition that had been attempted after the Second World War and the abortive attempt to create an International Trade Organization. Instead, a narrower General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade emerged. The failure of the International Trade Organization arose in part from the different ambitions of less developed or primary producing countries that were not acceptable to advanced industrial countries. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade faced continued pressure from the less developed countries, in particular from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development which put forward a different approach to the global economy and issues of distributive justice. This chapter explains the different approaches and the responses of the more advanced countries. © Oxford University Press 2021.},
author_keywords={Development;  Employment;  Governance;  Growth;  Modernization;  Trade},
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Packard, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press; Brown, W.A., (1952) The United States and the Restoration of World Trade: An Analysis and Appraisal of the ITO Charter and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, , Washington, DC, Brookings Institute; Cooper, F., Packard, R., Introduction (1997) International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of Knowledge, pp. 1-41. , F. Cooper and R. Packard, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press; Cordovez, R., The making of UNCTAD (1967) Journal of World Trade Law, 1 (3), pp. 243-328; (1949) Doc. 239, Evatt to Chiffley, , https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents/Pages/volume-16/239-evatt-to-chifley.aspx, DAFP (Documents on Australian Foreign Policy) (1948-9 vol 16); (1949) Doc. 240, Australian Delegation to Economic and Social Council to Department of External Affairs, , https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents/Pages/volume-16/240-evatt-to-chifley.aspx, DAFP (Documents on Australian Foreign Policy 1948-9 vol 16); (1949) Doc. 241, Department of External Affairs to Australian Delegation, UN, , https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents/Pages/volume-16/241-evatt-to-chifley.aspx, DAFP (Documents on Australian Foreign Policy 1948-9 vol 16); (1949) Doc. 242, Department of External Affairs to Australian Delegation, UN, , https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents/Pages/volume-16/242-evatt-to-chifley.aspx, DAFP (Documents on Australian Foreign Policy 1948-9 vol 16); (1949) Doc. 244, Australian Delegation, UN to Department of External Affairs, , https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents/Pages/volume-16/244-evatt-to-chifley.aspx, DAFP (Documents on Australian Foreign Policy 1948-9 vol 16); (1949) Doc. 248, Australian Delegation, UN to Department of External Affairs, , https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents/Pages/volume-16/248-evatt-to-chifley.aspx, DAFP (Documents on Australian Foreign Policy 1948-9 vol 16); DCER (Documents on Canadian External Relations) Volume 14: 4 June 1948: 581, Secretary of State for External Affairs to Heads of Post Abroad, , http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/faitc-pdf; DCER (Documents on Canadian External Relations) Volume 14: 13 July 1948: 582, Chief Delegate, Delegation to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment to Secretary of State for External Affairs, , http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/faitc-aecic/history/2013-05-03/www.international.gc.ca/department/history-histoire/dcer/details-en.asp@intRefid=10322; Dell, S., An appraisal of UNCTAD III (1973) World Development, 1 (5), pp. 1-13; Diebold, W., (1952) The End of the ITO, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Drezner, D., (2014) The System Worked: How the World Stopped Another Great Depression, , New York: Oxford University Press; (1990) Changing Production Patterns with Social Equity: The Prime Task of Latin American and Caribbean Development in The 1990S, , Santiago: ECLAC; Eisenhower, D.D., (1953) Address “The Chance of Peace, Delivered before the American Society of Newspaper Editors, 16 April 1953’, , www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9819&st=&st1=, G. 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Wooley, The American Presidency Project; Ferguson, N., (2008) The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World, , London: Penguin; (1952) Memo by Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Thorp) and Assistant Secretary of State for UN Affairs (Hickerson) to Secretary of State, ‘US Role in Executing General Assembly Decision on International Development Bank’; (1952) Position Paper on General Assembly Resolution to Establish Grant Fund for Economic Development, , https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v01p1/d71, 1 (2 May 1952); (1952) Minutes of the 192Nd Meeting of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems Washington, DC: FRUS, , https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v01p1/d73, FRUS (Foreign Relations of the United States) 1952-54 I; (1953) Memo by Legal Counsel for the Technical Co-Operation Administration (Glick) to the Deputy Legal Adviser, ‘Some Major Policy Issues Now under Discussion in the Point IV program’, , https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v01p1/d77, FRUS (Foreign Relations of the United States) 1952-54 I; 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correspondence_address1={Daunton, M.; University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198827535},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Handb. of BRICS and Emerging Economies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Jiechang2021118,
author={Jiechang, X.},
title={Tertiary industry under the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact and response},
journal={Economics of the Pandemic: Weathering the Storm and Restoring Growth},
year={2021},
pages={118-140},
doi={10.4324/9781003184447-6},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131276540&doi=10.4324%2f9781003184447-6&partnerID=40&md5=b69f0965e487f5eda2535391821e840f},
affiliation={National Academy of Economic Strategy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China},
abstract={However, the COVID-19 pandemic had a slight positive impact on digital services. As the most serious global public health event after World War Gàí, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an inestimable impact on the normal operation of the global economy and personnel mobility, and on China’s economic and social development. GDP in the first quarter of 2020 decreased by 6.8 percent year on year, of which primary industry decreased by 3.2 percent, secondary industry decreased by 9.6 percent, and tertiary industry decreased by 5.2 percent. In recent years, according to the basic trend of economic restructuring in China, the proportion of the tertiary industry has been constantly higher than that of the secondary industry, but the productivity of the tertiary industry has been always lower than that of the secondary industry, despite a narrowing gap. As modern information technology is more widely used, the productivity of the tertiary industry has improved. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Cai Fang.},
references={(2020) Civil Aviation Administration, In Q1 of 2020, the Accumulated Loss of the Whole Civil Aviation Industry was RMB 39.8 Billion, , http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/relnews/hk/2020-04-15/doc-iirczymi6521935.shtml, sina.com, April 15; Yang, L., Jiechang, X., The Impact of the Pandemic on the Service Industry and the Countermeasures (2020) China Economic Times, , March 2; Zhou, F., Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises in the Cultural Industry Usher in a Period of Development Opportunities by Using Live Broadcasting Technology (2020) China Business Journal, , March 20; Karsten, S.G., Health Care: Private Good vs. Public Good (1995) American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 54 (2), pp. 129-144; Jofre-Bonet, M., Health Care: Private and Public Provision (2000) European Journal of Political Economy, 16, pp. 469-489; Rothschild, M., Stiglitz, J.E., Increasing Risk: I. A definition (1970) Journal of Economic Theory, 2, pp. 225-243; Fang, C., Population, Government, and Public Services in Urban Development (2020) Social Sciences Abroad, , 2nd issue; Fang, C., How Does Economics Embrace the New Technological Revolution? (2019) Studies in Labor Economics, , 2nd issue; Lewis, M., Pettersson, G., (2009) Governance in Health Care Delivery Raising Performance, , World Bank Development Economics Department & Human Development Department, Policy Research Working Paper 507; Yi, L., Building a Public Health Safety Net with Big Data: Application Prospects and Policy Recommendations (2020) Reform, , 4th issue},
correspondence_address1={Jiechang, X.; National Academy of Economic Strategy, China},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000404814; 9781032026480},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Economics of the Pandemic: Weathering the Storm and Restoring Growth},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Amon20211,
author={Amon, J.C.},
title={US-China Trade: Perspectives and Impact on the Global Economy},
journal={US-China Trade: Perspectives and Impact on the Global Economy},
year={2021},
pages={1-157},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130894031&partnerID=40&md5=e63ff9e14a36ff281832737abb3c10ab},
abstract={The United States of America and the Peoples’ Republic of China are the world’s leading economies. As such, if one wishes to understand the global economy, he or she must consider the economic relationship between these two countries. Chapter One examines the complex trade interrelationship among the US, China, and Africa, and the impact this system has on Africa’s development. Chapter Two analyzes the overall situation of the development of the Sino-US trade by examining the history of trade between China and the US starting from the late 18th century. Chapter Three provides an overview of the trade war between China and the United States and illustrates the impact of this conflict on Latin America. © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781536199857},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={US-China Trade: Perspectives and Impact on the Global Economy},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Camps-Febrer2021111,
author={Camps-Febrer, B. and Carter, J.A., Jr.},
title={New security: Threat landscape and the emerging market for force},
journal={Handbook on Human Security, Borders and Migration},
year={2021},
pages={111-124},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130651496&partnerID=40&md5=afb036eaf6ddf5a8433672b08bc8fb84},
affiliation={Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain},
abstract={Camps-Febrer and Carter, provide us with many important concepts and theoretical insights focused on the privatization of security and the state’s receding monopoly on the use of force, with some attention to political economy but more to discourse and narrative concepts. However, private security provision is only a small portion of state funded security - out sourcing, while troubling, is still a relatively small portion of total state-funded military and security activities in the world. Further, the state may have retreated from economic matters (deregulation of global economy, etc.), but it has emerged strongly to address immigration and border issues especially, not to mention foreign military engagements. It is not a simple either-or binary issue (strong state - weak state - it can be both depending on the issue, but nearly always subservient to capital). They provide us with an original contextin which to locate violence, regarding armed conflict and war (as social experiences), where violent experiences and traumatic events shape social action by work embedded in cultural coding. © Natalia Ribas-Mateos and Timothy J. Dunn 2021.},
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publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9781839108907; 9781839108891},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Handb. on Hum. Security, Borders and Migration},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Boughton20211,
author={Boughton, J.M.},
title={Harry White and the American Creed: How a Federal Bureaucrat Created the Modern Global Economy (and Failed to Get the Credit)},
journal={Harry White and the American Creed: How a Federal Bureaucrat Created the Modern Global Economy (and Failed to Get the Credit)},
year={2021},
pages={1-452},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128561381&partnerID=40&md5=bf09d8898e29671251beb2bb2773e048},
abstract={Although Harry Dexter White (1892–1948) was arguably the most important U.S. government economist of the twentieth century, he is remembered more for having been accused of being a Soviet agent. During the Second World War, he became chief advisor on international financial policy to Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, a role that would take him to Bretton Woods, where he would make a lasting impact on the architecture of postwar international finance. However, charges of espionage, followed by his dramatic testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee and death from a heart attack a few days later, obscured his importance in setting the terms for the modern global economy. In this book, James Boughton rehabilitates White, delving into his life and work and returning him to a central role as the architect of the world’s financial system. © 2021 by James M. Boughton. All rights reserved.},
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publisher={Yale University Press},
isbn={9780300253795; 9780300253795},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Harry White and the American Creed: How a Federal Bureaucrat Created the Mod. Glob. Economy (and Failed to Get the Credit)},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Takian2021443,
author={Takian, A. and Haghighi, H. and Raoofi, A.},
title={Challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives},
journal={Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)},
year={2021},
pages={443-477},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-323-85780-2.00011-1},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128513624&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-323-85780-2.00011-1&partnerID=40&md5=00194ded8bfc3f0af6b25fe5ef386609},
affiliation={Department of Health Management, Policy & Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran},
abstract={COVID-19 has become the biggest global challenge since World War II, which has disrupted all aspects of human life worldwide. The numerous uncertainties, unpredictable direction of the pandemic, and psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, humanitarian, and development consequences of the pandemic have led to the most dangerous threat to health, social welfare, global economy, and well-being in recent history. The Secretary-General of the United Nations has called pandemic “the most challenging crisis since World War II” that can negatively affect all efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) over the years. The pandemic has already returned the economy of a number of industrialized nations back to 20years ago. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  Global health;  Health policy;  Learning;  Pandemics;  Policy making;  Sustainable development},
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Baldwin., B.W. di Mauro, CEPR Press London, UK; Gössling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C.M., Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19 (2021) J Sustain Tourism, 29 (1), pp. 1-20; Shah, S.G.S., Farrow, A., A commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)" (2020) Int J Surg, 76, pp. 128-129; (2020) Global economic prospects, , June, World Bank Washington, DC; Naidoo, R., Fisher, B., Reset sustainable development goals for a pandemic world (2020) Nature, 583 (7815), pp. 198-201; (2020) Pandemic oversight, , https://www.pandemicoversight.gov/track-the-money/funding-overview; Challenges of coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (3), p. 261; (2020) Teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: A practical guide, , International Labour Office Geneva, Switzerland; (2020) Workings of the general assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/06/08/the-global-economic-outlook-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-changed-world; Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., Xu, Y., A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations (2020) Gen Psychiatr, 33 (2); Eslami, H., Jalili, M., The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) (2020) Amb Express, 10 (1), p. 92; Xie, J., Zhu, Y., Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China (2020) Sci Total Environ, 724, p. 138201; Bu, J., Peng, D.-D., Xiao, H., (2020) Analysis of meteorological conditions and prediction of epidemic trend of 2019-nCoV infection in 2020, , medRxiv, 2020.2002.2013.20022715; Oliveiros, B., Caramelo, L., Ferreira, N.C., Caramelo, F., (2020) Role of temperature and humidity in the modulation of the doubling time of COVID-19 cases, , medRxiv, 2020.2003.2005.20031872; Wang, M., Jiang, A., Gong, L., (2020) Temperature significant change COVID-19 transmission in 429 cities, , medRxiv, 2020.2002.2022.20025791; Poirier, C., Luo, W., Majumder, M.S., The role of environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19 outbreak: An initial assessment in two spatial scales (2020) Sci Rep, 10 (1), p. 17002; Li, J.-P.O., Lam, D.S.C., Chen, Y., Ting, D.S.W., Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear (2020) Br J Ophthalmol, 104 (3), pp. 297-298; Bowdle, A., Munoz-Price, L.S., Preventing infection of patients and healthcare workers should Be the new normal in the era of novel coronavirus epidemics (2020) Anesthesiology, 132 (6), pp. 1292-1295; Malhotra, N., Gupta, N., Ish, S., Ish, P., COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers (2020) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 90 (1), pp. 161-162; Jones, R.M., Xia, Y., Annual burden of occupationally-acquired influenza infections in hospitals and emergency departments in the United States (2018) Risk Anal, 38 (3), pp. 442-453; Ng, Y., Li, Z., Chua, Y.-X., Evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance and containment measures for the first 100 patients with COVID-19 in Singapore - January 2-February 29, 2020 (2020) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep (MMWR), 69 (11), pp. 307-311; (2020) COVID-19 projections, , https://covid19.healthdata.org/, IHME; Pung, R., Chiew, C.J., Young, B.E., Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: Implications for surveillance and response measures (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1039-1046; Garcia, L.P., Duarte, E., Nonpharmaceutical interventions for tackling the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil (2020) Epidemiol Serv Saude, 29 (2); Olsen, S.J., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Budd, A.P., Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020 (2020) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep (MMWR), 69 (37), pp. 1305-1309; Ngonghala, C.N., Iboi, E., Eikenberry, S., Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus (2020) Math Biosci, 325, p. 108364; Kantor, B.N., Kantor, J., Non-pharmaceutical interventions for pandemic COVID-19: A cross-sectional investigation of US general public beliefs, attitudes, and actions (2020) Front Med, 7, p. 384; (2020) Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. COVID-19: Infection prevention and control/WASH, , https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPC-WASH-2020.4; Qu, G., Li, X., Hu, L., Jiang, G., An imperative need for research on the role of environmental factors in transmission of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Environ Sci Technol, 54 (7), pp. 3730-3732; Lodder, W., De Roda Husman, A.M., SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: Potential health risk, but also data source (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5 (6), pp. 533-534; Naddeo, V., Liu, H., Editorial Perspectives: 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): What is its fate in urban water cycle and how can the water research community respond? (2020) Environ Sci, 6 (5), pp. 1213-1216; Haider, I.I., Tiwana, F., Tahir, S.M., Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult mental health (2020) Pak J Med Sci, 36, pp. S90-S94. , COVID19-S4; Russell, M.C., Figley, C.R., Generational wartime behavioral health crises: Part One of a preliminary analysis (2015) Psychol Inj Law, 8 (2), pp. 106-131; Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., Amore, M., The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population (2020) QJM, 113 (8), pp. 531-537; Panchal, N., Kamal, R., Orgera, K., (2020) The implications of COVID-19 for mental health and substance use, , Kaiser Fam Found; The intersection of COVID-19 and mental health (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (11), p. 1217; (2020) The sustainable development goals report 2020, , United Nations Publications New York, NY, USA; (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019, WHO; Zaharieva, R., (2020) Lessening the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable groups. COVID-19, , https://epha.org/lessening-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-vulnerable-groups/, Health Inequalities, Accessed Jul 13; Ataguba, O.A., Ataguba, J.E., Social determinants of health: The role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries (2020) Glob Health Action, 13 (1), p. 1788263; Molina-Betancur, J.C., Martinez-Herrera, E., Pericas, J.M., Benach, J., Coronavirus disease 2019 and slums in the global South: Lessons from Medellin (Colombia) (2020) Glob Health Promot, , 1757975920962797; Will the COVID-19 pandemic threaten the SDGs? (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (9); (2020) Global report on food crises. Joint analysis for better decisions, , Food Security Information Network (FSIN); Laborde, D., Martin, W., Swinnen, J., Vos, R., COVID-19 risks to global food security (2020) Science, 369 (6503), pp. 500-502; Torero, M., Without food, there can be no exit from the pandemic (2020) Nature, 580 (7805), pp. 588-589; (2020) Pregnant mothers and babies born during COVID-19 pandemic threatened by strained health systems and disruptions in services, , New York, USA: UNICEF; May 7, press release; Roberton, T., Carter, E.D., Chou, V.B., Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: A modelling study (2020) Lancet Glob Health, 8 (7), pp. e901-e908; (2020) UN educational, scientific and cultural organisation. Global education coalition. COVID-19 education response, , https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/globalcoalition; (2020) Keeping girls in the picture, , https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/girlseducation; Simon, A., Huebner, J., Berner, R., Measures to maintain regular operations and prevent outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in childcare facilities or schools under pandemic conditions and co-circulation of other respiratory pathogens (2020) GMS Hyg Infect Control, 15. , Doc22; (2020) Reopening schools safely: The challenges for health and education, , https://en.unesco.org/news/reopening-schools-safely-challenges-health-and-education; (2020) International tourist numbers could fall 60-80% in 2020, , https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020; (2020) COVID-19 and peace, , IEP Sydney; (2020) Cological threat register 2020: Understanding ecological threats, resilience and peace, , IEP Sydney; Johnson, C.K., Hitchens, P.L., Pandit, P.S., Global shifts in mammalian population trends reveal key predictors of virus spillover risk (2020) Proc Biol Sci, 287 (1924), p. 20192736; Hitchens, P., Johnson, C.K., (2020) Don’t blame the pangolin (or any other animal) for COVID-19. Animals, Food & You, , https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/don-t-blame-the-pangolin-or-any-other-animal-for-covid-19, Accessed April 8; Contini, C., Di Nuzzo, M., Barp, N., The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern (2020) J Infect Dev Ctries, 14 (3), pp. 254-264; Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int J Surg, 76, pp. 71-76; Al Saidi, A.M.O., Nur, F.A., Al-Mandhari, A.S., El Rabbat, M., Hafeez, A., Abubakar, A., Decisive leadership is a necessity in the COVID-19 response (2020) Lancet, 396 (10247), pp. 295-298; Forman, R., Atun, R., McKee, M., Mossialos, E., 12 Lessons learned from the management of the coronavirus pandemic (2020) Health Pol, 124 (6), pp. 577-580; Sergent, K., Stajkovic, A.D., Women’s leadership is associated with fewer deaths during the COVID-19 crisis: Quantitative and qualitative analyses of United States governors (2020) J Appl Psychol, 105 (8), pp. 771-783; Strategic Partnership for International Health Regulations (2005) and Health Security (SPH); 2020, , https://extranet.who.int/sph/covid-19, Accessed 16 September 2020; Khanna, R.C., Cicinelli, M.V., Gilbert, S.S., Honavar, S.G., Murthy, G.S.V., COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned and future directions (2020) Indian J Ophthalmol, 68 (5), pp. 703-710; (2020) A world in disorder. Global preparedness monitoring board annual report 2020, , World Health Organization Geneva; (2020) International health regulations (2005) monitoring framework, , https://www.who.int/gho/ihr/en/; (2020) WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard; Iran (Islamic republic of), , https://covid19.who.int/region/emro/country/ir; (2019) Global health security index: Building collective action and accountability, , https://www.ghsindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/GHS-Index-Report_FINAL_Oct2019.pdf; Schwab, J., (2020) Fighting COVID-19 could cost 500 times as much as pandemic prevention measures, , https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/08/pandemic-fight-costs-500x-more-than-preventing-one-futurity?fbclid=IwAR0MdKIwh1_xrq7a28n-0oiDu23lXY52_-ksMSbKQxB0DQJfMXim4Gi2H9E; Armocida, B., Formenti, B., Palestra, F., Ussai, S., Missoni, E., COVID-19: Universal health coverage now more than ever (2020) J Glob Health, 10 (1), p. 010350; Kock, R.A., Karesh, W.B., Veas, F., 2019-nCoV in context: Lessons learned? 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publisher={Elsevier},
isbn={9780323857802},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{James20211330,
author={James, J. and Ebin, V. and Kazeem, A. and Pius, E.J.},
title={Energy-related COVID-19 Studies – A Bibliometric Analysis with Literature Review},
journal={Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management},
year={2021},
pages={1330-1331},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 4th European International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, IEOM 2021 ; Conference Date: 2 August 2021 Through 5 August 2021;  Conference Code:273059},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126189017&partnerID=40&md5=18fb88b920c17b01f32b65c5e746b51d},
affiliation={National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM), Osun State, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Industrial Engineering Department, Durban University of Technology, South Africa Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Voegs Integrated Resources Limited, A41 Adisa Estate, Gudu, Abuja, Nigeria},
abstract={COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global emergency as it changed people’s lifestyle socially and economically. Thus COVID-19 does not only have health impact, but impact global economies, energy demand or energy poverty and carbon emissions, and many more. Energy demand and consumption are foremost among global challenges. Specifically, COVID-19 has changed the energy consumption pattern of most homes, organizations, industries, and nations as the energy sector provides fuel for most of the activities in every walk of life. This has brought everyone faced-to-face with the three-sided challenge: COVID-19 health issues, economic issues and climate change. It is projected that countries that were in full lockdown would have 25% decline in energy demand per week and an average of 18% reduction for countries in partial lockdown. It was also assessed that the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global energy demand is seven times less when compared with the impact of 2020 COVID-19 on global energy demand. Another projection was that demands for oil, coal, gas, nuclear as sources of energy – will drop while that for renewables will increase. Precisely, oil, coal and CO2 emission are expected to drop by 9%, 8% and 8% respectively. CO2 emission will be six times larger compared to CO2 reduction caused by global financial crises in 2009 and two times of all reductions since end of World War II. It is however feared that the rebound effect of emission might be higher than the fall if concerted effort is not made to promote clean and efficient energy technology. In addition, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimated 6% reduction in global gross domestic product (GDP) as a result of COVID-19 in 2020 and a 7% rebound effect in 2021. It was projected that in 2025%, global GDP will drop by 9% due to COVID-19. Aviation, commuting and office-space are respectively projected to drop by 5%, 2% &amp; 1% by 2025. The IMF further affirmed that global energy demand fell by 8% in 2020, and that it will fluctuate below pre-COVID-19 prediction by about (6-8)% till 2050. Also, assessed was that transport energy used will never again attain it 2019 figures; the consumption of steel and construction materials for office building will tremendously reduce. In the face of this once-in-a-century crisis, there are many possible outcomes for energy use and emission as well as contributing factors. This intriguing interplay of estimates of certain indicators and determinants is very captivating and has sparked-off discussions and surveys at various levels and quarters like similar, previous crises. There is need for a systematic review, visualization, and mapping of existing literature on this subject. This study will review and present energy-related COVID-19 publications, their findings with the view to answer the following questions: how has COVID-19 affected energy consumption?; what is the trend of energy-related COVID-19 studies?; and what are the gaps in the energy-related COVID-19 studies?. Also, the study will offer recommendations for decision-making. Amongst others, finding will serve as a guide to prospective researchers in this area of interest. © IEOM Society International.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  Energy;  Pandemic and Review},
editor={Fargnoli M., Lombardi M., Tronci M., Dallasega P., Savino M.M., Costantino F., Di Gravio G., Patriarca R.},
publisher={IEOM Society},
issn={21698767},
isbn={9781792361272},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Oper. Manage.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gurrapu2021,
author={Gurrapu, S. and Batarseh, F.A. and Wang, P. and Sikder, M.D.N.K. and Gorentala, N. and Gopinath, M.},
title={DeepAg: Deep Learning Approach for Measuring the Effects of Outlier Events on Agricultural Production and Policy},
journal={2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence, SSCI 2021 - Proceedings},
year={2021},
doi={10.1109/SSCI50451.2021.9659921},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence, SSCI 2021 ; Conference Date: 5 December 2021 Through 7 December 2021;  Conference Code:176593},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125769246&doi=10.1109%2fSSCI50451.2021.9659921&partnerID=40&md5=fe85c357261054f9b4c40d91d98b407e},
affiliation={Virginia Tech, Department of Computer Science (CS), Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Arlington, VA, United States; Virginia Tech, Department of CS, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech, Department of ECE, Arlington, VA, United States; University of Georgia, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Athens, GA, United States},
abstract={Quantitative metrics that measure the global econ-omy's equilibrium have strong and interdependent relationships with the agricultural supply chain and international trade flows. Sudden shocks in these processes caused by outlier events such as trade wars, pandemics, or weather can have complex effects on the global economy. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, namely: DeepAg, that employs econometrics and measures the effects of outlier events detection using Deep Learning (DL) to determine relationships between commonplace financial indices (such as the DowJones), and the production values of agricultural commodities (such as Cheese and Milk). We employed a technique called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks successfully to predict commodity production with high accuracy and also present five popular models (regression and boosting) as baselines to measure the effects of outlier events. The results indicate that DeepAg with outliers' considerations (using Isolation Forests) outperforms baseline models, as well as the same model without outliers detection. Outlier events make a considerable impact when predicting commodity production with respect to financial indices. Moreover, we present the implications of DeepAg on public policy, provide insights for policymakers and farmers, and for operational decisions in the agricultural ecosystem. Data are collected, models developed, and the results are recorded and presented. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Deep Learning;  Outlier Events;  Precision Agriculture;  Public Policy},
keywords={Deep learning;  Ecosystems;  International trade;  Precision agriculture;  Public policy;  Supply chains, Agricultural policies;  Agricultural productions;  Agricultural supply chains;  Complex effects;  Deep learning;  Financial index;  Learning approach;  Outlier event;  Precision Agriculture;  Quantitative metric, Statistics},
references={Kamilaris, A., Prenafeta-Boldú, F.X., Deep learning in agriculture: A survey (2018) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 147, pp. 70-90. , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169917308803; Liakos, K.G., Busato, P., Moshou, D., Pearson, S., Bochtis, D., Machine learning in agriculture: A review (2018) Sensors, 18 (8). , https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2674; Gebbers, R., Adamchuk, V.I., Precision agriculture and food security (2010) Science, 327 (5967), pp. 828-831. , https://science.sciencemag.org/content/327/5967/828; Gopinath, M., Batarseh, F.A., Beckman, J., Machine learning in gravity models: An application to agricultural trade (2020) National Bureau of Economic Research, , http://www.nber.org/papers/w27151, Working Paper 27151 May; Storm, H., Baylis, K., Heckelei, T., Machine learning in agricultural and applied economics (2019) European Review of Agricultural Economics, 47 (3), pp. 849-892. , https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz033, 08; Wolfert, S., Ge, L., Verdouw, C., Bogaardt, M.-J., Big data in smart farming-a review (2017) Agricultural Systems, 153, pp. 69-80. , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X16303754; Gurrapu, S., Sikder, N., Wang, P., Gorentala, N., Williams, M., Batarseh, F., Applications of machine learning for precision agriculture and smart farming (2021) The International FLAIRS Conference Proceedings, 34. , https://journals.flvc.org/FLAIRS/article/view/128497, Apr; Morales, I.R., Cebrián, D.R., Blanco, E.F., Sierra, A.P., Early warning in egg production curves from commercial hens: A svm approach (2016) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 121, pp. 169-179. , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169915003919; Alonso, J., Villa, A., Bahamonde, A., Improved estimation of bovine weight trajectories using support vector machine classification (2015) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 110, pp. 36-41. , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169914002488; Pantazi, X., Moshou, D., Alexandridis, T., Whetton, R., Mouazen, A., Wheat yield prediction using machine learning and advanced sensing techniques (2016) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 121, pp. 57-65. , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169915003671; Gopinath, M., Batarseh, F.A., Beckman, J., Kulkarni, A., Jeong, S., International agricultural trade forecasting using machine learning (2021) Data ↦ Policy, 3, p. e1; Monken, A., Haberkorn, F., Gopinath, M., Freeman, L., Batarseh, F., Graph neural networks for modeling causality in international trade (2021) The International FLAIRS Conference Proceedings, 34. , https://journals.flvc.org/FLAIRS/article/view/128485, Apr; Batarseh, F.A., Gopinath, M., Monken, A., Gu, Z., Public policymaking for international agricultural trade using association rules and ensemble machine learning (2021) Machine Learning with Applications, 5, p. 100046. , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666827021000232; Liu, F.T., Ting, K., Zhou, Z.-H., Isolation-based anomaly detection (2012) ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data-TKDD, 6, pp. 1-39. , 03; Toraman, C., Başarir, B.M., Determination of factors affecting the price of gold: A study of mgarch mode (2011) Business and Economics Research Journal, 2, pp. 37-50. , 10; Jiang, W., (2020) Applications of Deep Learning in Stock Market Prediction: Recent Progress; Hirsa, A., Osterrieder, J., Misheva, B.H., Cao, W., Fu, Y., Sun, H., Wong, K.W., (2021) The Vix Index under Scrutiny of Machine Learning Techniques and Neural Networks; Lipton, Z.C., Berkowitz, J., Elkan, C., (2015) A Critical Review of Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequence Learning; Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J., Long Short-Term Memory (1997) Neural Computation, 9 (8), pp. 1735-1780. , https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735, 11},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728190488},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Symp. Ser. Comput. Intell., SSCI - Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ahn2021181,
author={Ahn, D. and Lee, J.Y.},
title={US-China Trade War and Its Implications on the Global Economy},
journal={Journal of International Logistics and Trade},
year={2021},
volume={19},
number={4},
pages={181-184},
doi={10.24006/jilt.2021.19.4.181},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124654832&doi=10.24006%2fjilt.2021.19.4.181&partnerID=40&md5=362a5f4db088940c5a49dc374cc0ea64},
affiliation={Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of International Trade and Regional Studies, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea},
abstract={This editorial proposes three fundamental issues in the international economic field evoked by the US-China trade war. The first is the intensifying conflict between protectionism measures and the coherence with relevant global trade rules. The second is decoupling between the US and China and subsequent evolution in the global production network. The third is the digression in the trade flow between the US and China and the resulting change in innovative capabilities and manufacturing competitiveness among major industrial countries. This editorial also offers the long-term perspective of the current global trade war and how the world encounters repercussion of openness and protectionism as well as times of prosperity and uncertainty © 2021 The authors.},
author_keywords={Global production network;  Industrial competitiveness;  Protectionism;  US and China trade war},
references={Anukoonwattaka, W., Romao, P., Lobo, R. S., If the US-China trade war is here to stay, what are the risks and opportunities for other GVC economies outside the war zone? (2020), UN-ESCAP Working Paper 209; (2020) Global pandemic roils 2020 reshoring index, shifting focus from reshoring to right-shoring, , https://www.kearney.com/operations-performance-transformation/us-reshoring-index; Balassa, B., Exports and economic growth: Further evidence (1978) Journal of Development Economics, 5, pp. 181-189; Baldwin, R., (2016) The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization, , Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Bekkers, E., Schroeter, S., An economic analysis of the US-China trade conflict (2020), WTO Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2020-04; (2019) Unpacking the US-China tech trade war, , https://www.bcg.com/public-cations/2019/us-china-tech-trade-war; Chow, P. C. Y., Causality between export growth and industrial development: Empirical evidence from the NICs (1989) Journal of Development Economics, 31, pp. 416-417; Edwards, S., Openness, trade liberilazation, and growth in developing countries (1993) Journal of Economic Literature, 31, pp. 1358-1393; Farrell, H., Newman, N., Will the Coronavirus end globalization as we know it? (2020) Foreign affairs, , https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-03-16/will-coronavirus-end-globalization-we-know-it; Herrerias, M. J., Orts, V., Is the export-led growth hypothesis enough to account for China's growth? (2010) China & World Economy, 18, pp. 34-51; Hong, K., Yoo, J. H., Cheong, I., WTO's special and differentiated treatment (S&DT) principle and solutions of the US-China conflict (2021) Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 19 (4), pp. 185-196; Kim, J., Lee, J., Kim, B., Has the US-China trade war caused trade decoupling? (2021) Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 19 (4), pp. 211-222; Lee, H., Changing paradigms in US and EU supply chains: Focusing on sustainability issues (2021) Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 19 (4), pp. 223-236; Liu, M. H., Margaritis, D., Zhang, Y., The global financial crisis and the export-led economic growth in China (2019) The Chinese Economy, 52, pp. 232-248; Schneider-Petsinger, M., Wang, J., Jie, Y., Crabtree, J., US-China strategic competition: The quest for global technological leadership (2019) Chatam House, , https://www.chathamhouse.org/2019/11/us-china-strategic-competition; Shan, J., Sun, F., On the export-led growth hypothesis: The econometric evidence from China (2010) Applied Economics, 30, pp. 1055-1065; Yoo, J., Lee, J., Kim, H. J., US-China competition from a perspective of global product network: Trends and implications of industrial competitiveness between countries using product space model (2021) Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 19 (4), pp. 197-210},
correspondence_address1={Ahn, D.; Graduate School of International Studies, South Korea; email: dahn@snu.ac.kr},
publisher={Jungseok Research Institute of International Logistics and Trade},
issn={17382122},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Intl. Logist. Trade},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Cobreros2021,
author={Cobreros, C. and Maya, M. and Biondi, S. and Sánchez, X. and Ontiveros-Ortiz, E.},
title={RE-SIGNIFY the DOMESTIC SPACE in TIMES of CONFINEMENT from the APPLICATION of ETHNOGRAPHIC TOOLS and PERSONAL CENTERED DESIGN},
journal={Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, E and PDE 2021},
year={2021},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 23rd International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, E and PDE 2021 ; Conference Date: 9 September 2021 Through 10 September 2021;  Conference Code:173736},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121685055&partnerID=40&md5=32f804b0dc38d208ff84c2fccf6cbced},
affiliation={Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Arquitectura, Arte y Diseño; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ciencias Sociales y Gobierno},
abstract={The Covid-19 crisis has been described as the “greatest challenge that humankind has faced since the 2nd World War,” having an impact on health, society, and the global economy. Houses and domestic spaces are key sites through which COVID-19 is experienced, thus, an interdisciplinary approach is needed. The goal of this research project is to forge an analytical approach while experimenting with micro-ethnography and auto-ethnography tools to analyse how we inhabit the domestic spaces in complex situations of confinement imposition in order to arrive at an outward reflection from within. The project reflects on an innovative social experiment that opens up new paths of design provoking to help us rethink the domestic space. This paper has the objective to compile, compare and explain the processes and results around the characterization of the domestic space, centring on the person in times of confinement through an ethnographic approach. © PDE 2021.},
author_keywords={Confinement;  COVID-19;  Domestic space;  Ethnography},
keywords={Analytical approach;  Confinement;  COVID-19;  Domestic space;  Ethnographic approaches;  Ethnography;  Global economies;  Social experiments;  World war, Military operations},
references={(2020) Emergencies: Novel Coronavirus 2019, , (WHO: Geneva, Switzerland); Hou, C., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Hua, L., Yuan, J., He, S., Guo, Y., Jia, E., The effectiveness of the quarantine of Wuhan city against the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): well-mixed SEIR model analysis (2020) Journal of Medical Virology, pp. 0-3; Ferguson, N. M., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Bhatia, S., Ghani, A. C., Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand (2020), (Faculty of Medicine School of Public Health Imperial College London); Boyraz, G., Legros, D. N., Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and traumatic stress: Probable risk factors and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (2020) Journal of Loss & Trauma, 25 (6–7); Casagrande, M., Favieri, F., Tambelli, R., Forte, G., The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population (2020), Sleep Medicine. (CR); Sun, L., Sun, Z., Wu, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, F., Shang, Z., (2020) Prevalence and risk factors of acute posttraumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, , MedRxiv; Baiano, C., Zappullo, I., Conson, M., Tendency to Worry and Fear of Mental Health during Italy’s COVID-19 Lockdown (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (16), p. 5928. , MDPI AG; Wagers, S., Domestic violence growing in the wake of coronavirus outbreak (2020), The Conversation. Retrieved April 11. (CR); Fry-Bowers, E. K., Children are at risk from COVID-19 (2020) J. Pediatr. Nurs, 53, pp. A10-A12. , (CR); Garcia de Avila, M., Hamamoto Filho, P., Jacob, F., Alcantara, L., Berghammer, M., Jenholt Nolbris, M., Olaya-Contreras, P., Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (16), p. 5757; White, M. P., Alcock, I., Grellier, J., Wheeler, B. W., Hartig, T., Warber, S. L., Fleming, L. E., Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing (2019) Scientific Reports, 9 (1), p. 7730; Allam, Z., Jones, D., Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design professionals [now, then and into the future] (2020) Land Use Policy; Garber, M., Homes actually need to be practical now: One of the ironies of social distancing is that it can put privacy in short supply (2020) The Atlantic, , Retrieved, April 11; Rubin, G. J., Wessely, S., The psychological effects of quarantining a city (2020) BMJ, 368, p. m313; Ulrich, R. S., Zimring, C., Zhu, X., DuBose, J., Seo, H. B., Choi, Y. S., Quan, X., Joseph, A. A., Review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design (2008) Health Environ. Res. Des. J, 1, pp. 61-125; Doménech-Gómez, N., (2015) Aplicación de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para recoger la respuesta del usuario frente a un espacio arquitectónico, , (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Escuela Técnica Superior de Gestión en la Edificación Escuela Técnica Superior de Gestión); Rogers, D., Power, E., Housing policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: the importance of housing research during this health emergency (2020) International Journal of Housing Policy, 20 (2), p. 177; D’Alessandro, D., Gola, M., Appolloni, L., Dettori, M., Fara, G. M., Rebecchi, A., Settimo, G., Capolongo, S., COVID-19 and living space challenge. Well-being and public health recommendations for a healthy, safe, and sustainable housing (2020) Acta Biomed, 91. , (Suppl. 9); Wilson, S., Zamberlan, L., Design for an Unknow Future: Amplified Roles for Collaboration, New Design Knowledge and Creativity (2015) Design Issues, 31 (2), pp. 3-15; Bryman, A., (2008) Social research methods, , (Oxford University Press, Oxford); Hammersley, M., Atkinson, P., (2007) Ethnography: principles in practice, , (Taylor & Francis Ltd); Maya, M., Cobreros, C., Ontiveros, E., Biondi, S., Community Collaboration for Product Design (Co-Co Design): An Academic Alternative for Social Innovation International conference on Engineering and Product Design Education 12-13 September 2019, , Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom, 2019; Scribano, A., De Sena, A., (2009) Construcción de Conocimiento en Latinoamérica: Algunas reflexiones desde la auto-etnografía como estrategia de investigación, 34, pp. 1-15. , (Cinta Moebio); Montero-Sieburth, M., (2006) La auto-etnografía como una estrategia para la transformación de la homogeneidad a favor de la diversidad individual en la escuela, , (Univ. de Massachussets-Boston); Hohenthal, J., Minoia, P., Pellikka, P., Mapping meaning: Critical cartographies for participatory water management in Taita Hills, Kenya (2017) Professional Geographer, 69, pp. 383-395; Caquard, S., Cartography I: Mapping narrative cartography (2011) Progress in Human Geography, 37, pp. 135-144; Ingold, T., (2011) Being alive: Essays on movement, knowledge and description, , (New York: Routledge); Caquard, S., Cartwright, W., Narrative cartography: From mapping stories to the narrative of maps and mapping (2014) The Cartographic Journal, 51, pp. 101-106; Molden, O. C., Short Take: Story-mapping Experiences (2020) Field Methods, 32 (2), pp. 131-139; Berendsen, M. E., Hamerlinck, J. D., Webster, G. R., Digital story mapping to advance educational atlas design and enable student engagement (2018) International Journal of Geo-Information, 7, p. 125; Cruz, D. T., Vázquez, E., Ruales, G., Bayón, M., García-Torres, M., (2017) Mapeando el cuerpoterritorio. Guía metodológica para mujeres que defienden sus territorios, , (Clacso, Quito); Samson, S., Granath, K., Alger, A., (2017) Journey Mapping the User Experience, 78 (4), p. 459. , (College & Research Libraries)},
editor={Grierson H., Bohemia E., Buck L.},
publisher={The Design Society},
isbn={9781912254149},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Conf. Eng. Prod. Des. Educ., E PDE},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Obstfeld2021690,
author={Obstfeld, M.},
title={The global capital market reconsidered},
journal={Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
year={2021},
volume={37},
number={4},
pages={690-706},
doi={10.1093/oxrep/grab023},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120437086&doi=10.1093%2foxrep%2fgrab023&partnerID=40&md5=38ed3631bf635e8c923b82bd0e351bea},
affiliation={University of California, Berkeley, Peterson Institute for International Economics, NBER, and CEPR, United States},
abstract={While the globalization of production has been a prominent target of anti-globalization backlash, globalized finance has seemed to be much less in the public bull's-eye. The blueprint for the post-war international economy agreed at Bretton Woods in 1944 envisioned nothing like today's extensive and fluid global capital market. The demise of the 1946-73 fixed exchange rate system, however, also brought a progressive dismantling of barriers to international financial flows motivated by special-interest politics, national economic competition, and ideology - alongside the benign desire for a more efficient international allocation of capital. Unfortunately, free cross-border financial capital mobility can compromise governments' capacities to attain domestic economic and social goals in several ways. This essay links the dynamics of financial liberalization to the Teflon-like resilience of finance to backlash so far, and suggests that stronger backlash could emerge if national governments fail to enhance multilateral cooperation to manage the financial commons. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. For permissions please e-mail: Journals.permissions@oup.com.},
author_keywords={Embedded liberalism;  Financial stability;  Global capital market;  Globalization;  Multilateralism},
keywords={capital market;  global economy;  globalization;  international cooperation;  liberalism},
references={Admati, A., The Missed Opportunity and Challenge of Capital Regulation (2016) National Institute Economic Review, 235, pp. R4-R14. , (February); Bertaut, C., Bressler, B., Curcuru, S., Globalization and the Geography of Capital Flows (2019) FEDS Notes 2019-09-06, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, , 16 November; Brown, W., (2019) In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West, , New York, Columbia University Press; Brummer, C., Why Soft Law Dominates International Finance-and Not Trade (2010) Journal of International Economic Law, 13, pp. 623-643. , (September); Cecchetti, S. G., Tucker, P. M. W., Is There Macroprudential Policy without International Cooperation? (2015) Policy Challenges in a Diverging Global Economy, Asia Economic Policy Conference, , R. Glick and M. Spiegel (eds), San Francisco, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco; Chinn, M. D., Ito, H., What Matters for Financial Development? Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions (2006) Journal of Development Economics, 81, pp. 163-192. , (October); Coppola, A., Maggiori, M., Neiman, B., Schreger, J., Redrawing the Map of Global Capital Flows: The Role of Cross-border Financing and Tax Havens (2020) BFI Working Paper 2019-118, , University of Chicago, December; Dagher, J., (2018) Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises, , VoxEU, 22 March; Devereux, M. P., Auerbach, A. J., Keen, M., Oosterhuis, P., Schön, W., Vella, J., (2021) Taxing Profit in a Global Economy, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Díaz-Alejandro, C. F., Good-bye Financial Repression, Hello Financial Crash (1985) Journal of Development Economics, 19, pp. 1-24; Eichengreen, B., Versailles: The Economic Legacy (2019) International Affairs, 95, pp. 7-24; Everaert, L., Genberg, H., (2020) IEO Background Paper BP/20-02/07, , IMF Advice on Capital Flows to the Republic of Korea and Selected ASEAN Economies, Independent Evaluation Office of the International Monetary Fund; Fischer, S., Capital Account Liberalization and the Role of the IMF (1997) the 'Asia and the IMF' Seminar, , paper presented at Hong Kong, 19 September; Gupta, P., Masetti, O., Capital Flow Measures: Structural or Cyclical Policy Tools? (2018), Policy Research Working Paper 8418, World Bank; Helleiner, E., Freeing Money: Why Have States Been More Willing to Liberalize Capital Controls than Trade Barriers? (1994) Policy Sciences, 27, pp. 299-318; Explaining the Globalization of Financial Markets: Bringing States Back In (1995) Review of International Political Economy, 2, pp. 315-341. , (Spring); (2005) The IMF's Approach to Capital Account Liberalization, , Independent Evaluation Office Washington, DC, Independent Evaluation Office of the International Monetary Fund; (2020) IMF Advice on Capital Flows, , Washington, DC, Independent Evaluation Office of the International Monetary Fund; (2012) The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows: An Institutional View, , International Monetary Fund Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund; Keynes, J. M., National Self-Sufficiency (1933) Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, 22, pp. 177-193; Lane, P. R., Milesi-Ferretti, G. M., The External Wealth of Nations Revisited: International Financial Integration in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (2018) IMF Economic Review, 66, pp. 189-222; Miranda-Agrippino, S., Rey, H., US Monetary Policy and the Global Financial Cycle (2020) Review of Economic Studies, 87, pp. 2754-2776; Obstfeld, M., The Global Capital Market: Benefactor or Menace? (1998) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12, pp. 9-30; Taylor, A. M., The Great Depression as a Watershed: International Capital Mobility over the Long Run (1998) The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century, , M. Bordo, C. Goldin, and E. White (eds), Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press; International Monetary Relations: Taking Finance Seriously (2017) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31, pp. 3-28; (2020) OECD Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements, , OECD Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; Olson, M., (1965) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Rajan, R. G., Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier? (2006) The Greenspan Era: Lessons for the Future, Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium 2005 Proceedings, , Kansas City, MO, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City; Rodrik, D., How Far Will International Economic Integration Go? (2000) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14, pp. 177-186; Rogoff, K., Can International Monetary Cooperation Be Counterproductive? (1985) Journal of International Economics, 18, pp. 199-217; Ruggie, J. G., International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order (1982) International Organization, 36, pp. 379-415; Sutton, T., Judah, B., Turning the Tide on Dirty Money: Why the World's Democracies Need a Global Kleptocracy Initiative (2021), Center for American Progress, 26 February; Véron, N., Is the United States Reneging on International Financial Standards? (2020) Realtime Economic Issues Watch, , Peterson Institute for International Economics, 15 April; Memorandum on Establishing the Fight against Corruption as a Core United States National Security Interest (2021) Briefing Room, , White House 3 June; White, W., International Financial Regulation: Why It Still Falls Short (2020), INET Working Paper 131, July; Wolf, M., (2015) The Shifts and the Shocks: What We've Learned-and Have Still to Learn-from the Financial Crisis, , New York, Penguin Books; Zucman, G., (2015) The Hidden Wealth of Nations, , Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press},
correspondence_address1={Obstfeld, M.; University of California, United States; email: obstfeld@berkeley.edu},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={0266903X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Balashova2021548,
author={Balashova, S.},
title={Total factor productivity growth and oil price volatility},
journal={International Journal of Trade and Global Markets},
year={2021},
volume={14},
number={6},
pages={548-558},
doi={10.1504/IJTGM.2021.118901},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119871903&doi=10.1504%2fIJTGM.2021.118901&partnerID=40&md5=577418ad943142a876b0be460e986987},
affiliation={Faculty of Economics, Department of Economic and Mathematical Modelling, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Str.6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation},
abstract={This paper investigates the links between oil price volatility and total factor productivity (TFP) growth using various econometric techniques. Our main result is that the volatility of oil prices has a negative and significant effect on TFP growth for the global economy and for mature economies. We assume that uncertainty in commodity markets reduces risky investments and inhibits innovation and technological progress. Nowadays, COVID19 and the oil price war between the top crude-oil producers have caused volatility in the oil market. Our results suggest that this will affect TFP during the next few years, even if the global economy is able to recover soon. Copyright © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
author_keywords={Economic growth;  GARCH-M model;  Granger causality;  Oil price;  TFP;  Total factor productivity;  VAR model;  Volatility},
references={Alsalman, Z., Oil price uncertainty and the U.S. stock market analysis based on a GARCH-in-mean VAR model (2016) Energy Economics, 59, pp. 251-260; Azad, N. F., Serletis, A., (2019) Oil Price Shocks in Major Emerging Economies, p. 403; Balashova, S., Serletis, A., Oil prices shocks and the Russian economy (2020) The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 21, p. e00148. , Elsevier; Balashova, S., Revinova, S., Lazanyuk, I., Total factor productivity growth and innovation policy tools: empirical study (2016) SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts, pp. 917-922; Barsky, R.B., Kilian, L., Oil and the Macroeconomy Since the 1970s (2004) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18 (4), pp. 115-134; Bernanke, B.S., Irreversibility, uncertainty, and cyclical investment (1983) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98 (1), p. 85; Bozkurt, Ö.G., Erdem, C., Eroǧlu, L., Identifying the factors affecting the economic growth of oil-producing countries (2015) International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 8 (2), pp. 97-111; Byrne, D., Corrado, C., (2016) ICT Asset Prices: Marshaling Evidence into New Measures ICT Asset Prices; Chebbi, T., The response of oil market to US monetary policy surprises (2018) International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 11 (1-2), pp. 159-168. , Nos; Cheng, D., Shi, X., Yu, J., Zhang, D., How does the Chinese economy react to uncertainty in international crude oil prices? (2019) International Review of Economics & Finance, 64, pp. 147-164; Chou, Y-C., Hao-Chun Chuang, H., Shao, B.B.M., The impacts of information technology on total factor productivity: a look at externalities and innovations (2014) International Journal of Production Economics, 158, pp. 290-299. , Elsevier; Duverger, C., van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B., Determinants of productivity growth: Science and technology policies and the contribution of R&D (2011) EIB Papers, 16 (1), pp. 52-60. , http://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/eibpapers/eibpapers_2011_v16_n01_en.pdf#page=54, (Accessed 7 July, 2015); Elder, J., Serletis, A., Oil price uncertainty (2010) Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 42 (4), pp. 1137-1159. , https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=908675, 6, Engle, R.F. (1982) 'Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation Econometrica, 50 987-1007; Finn, M.G., Perfect competition and the effects of energy price increases on economic (2000) Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 32 (3), pp. 400-416; Golovchanskaya, E.E., Strelchenya, E.I., Popkova, E.G., Leonenko, O.V., The key role of intellectual resources in the economic growth models in the institutional environment of innovative activity of the Republic of Belarus: theory and practice (2018) International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 11 (3), pp. 213-227; Guellec, D., Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie, B., The impact of public R&D expenditure on business R&D (2003) Economics of Innovation and New Technology, pp. 225-243; Guesmi, K., Jlassi, N.B., Atil, A., Haouet, I., On the influence of oil prices on financial variables (2016) Economics Bulletin, 36 (4), pp. 2261-2274; Hamilton, J.D., Oil and the macroeconomy' (2008) The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, , https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5, Macmillan, P. (Eds): Palgrave Macmillan, London; Heshmati, A., Kumbhakar, S.C., A general model of technical change with an application to the OECD countries (2014) Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23 (1), pp. 25-48; Hodrick, R.J., Prescott, E.C., Post-war U.S. business cycles: an empirical investigation (1997) Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 29 (1), pp. 1-16. , February; John, J.K., Amudha, R., Muthukamu, M., Demonetisation upshot on the volatility and returns of banking sector stocks of national stock exchange (2019) International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 12 (5), pp. 426-444; Kilian, L., Vigfusson, R. J., Are the responses of the U.S. economy asymmetric in energy price increases and decreases? (2011) Quantitative Economics, 2, pp. 419-453; Kim, Y.E., Loayza, N.V., (2017) Productivity and its Determinants: Innovation, Education, Efficiency, Infrastructure, and Institutions, , http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/378031511165998244/Productivity-and-its-determinants-25-October-2017.pdf, (Accessed 27 May, 2018); Nasir, M.A., Naidoo, L., Shahbaz, M., Amoo, N., Implications of oil prices shocks for the major emerging economies: a comparative analysis of BRICS (2018) Energy Economics, 76, pp. 76-88; Oskooee, M.B., Baek, J., Hegerty, S.W., GARCH-based versus traditional measures of exchange-rate volatility: evidence from Korean industry trade (2016) International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 9 (2), p. 103; Popkova, E.G., Sergi, B.S., Will Industry 4.0 and other innovations impact Russia's development? (2018) Exploring the Future of Russia's Economy and Markets: Towards Sustainable Economic Development, pp. 51-68; Rotemberg, J.J., Woodford, M., Imperfect competition and the effects of energy price increases on economic activity (1996) Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 28 (4), pp. 550-577. , http://www.nber.org/papers/w5634; Sergi, B.S., Berezin, A., Oil and gas industry's technological and sustainable development: where does Russia stand? (2018) Exploring the Future of Russia's Economy and Markets, pp. 161-182. , Emerald Publishing Limited; Solow, R.M., Technical change and the aggregate production function (1957) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39 (3), pp. 312-320; (2019) Total Economy Database, , https://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/, (Accessed: 1 March 2020); van Eyden, R., Difeto, M., Gupta, R., Wohar, M.E., Oil price volatility and economic growth: evidence from advanced economies using more than a century's data (2019) Applied Energy, pp. 233-234. , Elsevier, 612-621},
correspondence_address1={Balashova, S.; Faculty of Economics, Miklukho-Maklaya Str.6, Russian Federation; email: balashova-sa@rudn.ru},
publisher={Inderscience Publishers},
issn={17427541},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Trade Glob. Markets},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sabbaghian2021177,
author={Sabbaghian, A. and Rasooli, R.},
title={Stability Analysis of Russia-EU Energy Relations after the Ukraine Crisis from Perspective of the Interdependence Theory},
journal={Central Eurasia Studies},
year={2021},
volume={14},
number={1},
pages={177-201},
doi={10.22059/jcep.2020.280927.449842},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119668300&doi=10.22059%2fjcep.2020.280927.449842&partnerID=40&md5=f9a2374e049b6044c43216f76436067a},
affiliation={Assistant Professor of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Iran; Ph.D. Student of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Iran},
abstract={Undoubtedly, in the new century, energy is a vital element for the survival of all countries and its stable and cheap supply has become one of the most important concerns of countries and global economies. Russia is the largest gas and the third-largest oil producer in the world. The European Union is the largest consumer of energy in the world because of limited energy resources. Complementary economies between Europe and Russia, their geopolitical location and geographical proximity, have made symmetrical interdependence between them. Energy and its security have been one of the most key and sensitive areas of cooperation between Russia and the European Union. The EU’s concern is to “ensure the security of fossil fuels supply” and Russia’s response to this concern is to “guarantee the demand for gas” in the long run. Russia’s main goal is to achieve sustainable gas exports at the highest possible prices, and in this regard, the dominant energy companies, including Gazprom, have been most effective in pursuing Russia’s national interests and Moscow’s foreign policy. Russia seeks to make Europe more and more dependent on it and has pursued various policies to this end. One of these policies is the policy of “discrimination between customers”. Accordingly, Gazprom prefers to deal with EU members individually rather than as a group. For example, lower-priced sales to countries with access to alternative energy sources (northwestern Europe) and higher-priced sales to countries that do not have enough alternatives (Central and Eastern Europe). The second policy is to “conclude long-term contracts with customers”. The third policy is to “monopolize gas reserves by consolidating its control over strategic energy infrastructure”, especially pipelines in Europe and Eurasia, by purchasing and acquiring refineries, pipelines and transmission networks. The fourth policy is to “establish a natural gas price control cartel”. This will be a strong lever for Russia to advance its political and economic interests. The European Union is also one of the world’s largest consumers of natural gas and is interested in low prices and secure energy supply and has pursued several key policies to this end: The EU’s first policy is to “integrate member states into a European energy market”. Its second policy is to “encourage a reduction in dependence on Russian gas imports while diversifying its gas exports”. The third policy is to “diversify the energy basket”. The EU supports all alternatives to replace Russian gas imports from reducing energy consumption to the use of alternative fuels such as renewable energy and alternative gas sources such as liquefied natural gas namely Nabco and shale gas. Despite all initiatives put forward by Russia and the European Union to reduce their dependence on each other and their strong emphasis on the need for diversification and finding safe alternatives, these policies do not seem to be feasible in practice. In the current context, the EU seems to have limited alternatives to Russian energy. It is difficult to increase imports from North Africa; because the capacity of Italian pipelines is fully utilized. Increasing exports to Spain will not help either, as no more gas can be sent to Europe from the Iberian Peninsula. Relying on oil in the Middle East, the current crisis zone, is also unwise, as there is always the concern that terrorist groups will target pipelines and production facilities throughout the region, closing energy routes such as the Strait of Hormuz and leaving Iran in a state of disarray. The existence of huge energy reserves and special geopolitical and geostrategic position, due to US opposition and competition from countries such as Russia and Turkey, cannot be a good market for the union. Energy and its unparalleled role in geopolitical competition have shaped some sort of global division between countries: 1. Energy exporting countries, 2. Energy importing countries, 3. Energy transit countries. All of their actions and behaviors to reach further benefits make geopolitical interests of global energy. This article seeks to examine Russia’s actions, reactions, and behaviors as an exporter of energy, the EU as an importer of energy after the Ukraine crisis. The article seeks to answer the question “what role has energy played in Russia-EU relations since Ukraine crisis?” The developments in Ukraine caused a lot of fluctuations in the political, security, and economic relations between Russia and the European Union. Following the Ukraine crisis, a new Cold War has broken out between Russia and the West. The adoption of a resolution against Russia on the illegal act of annexing Crimea to its territory, the removal of Russia from the G8 summit, the suspension of the new visa agreement, economic sanctions, and especially sanctions on those involved in the crisis, sharp decline in exports and imports, are examples of suspension of relations between Russia and the European Union after the Ukrainian crisis. Nevertheless, energy relations between Russia and the European Union have so far not been affected by political interests and have continued as before. Russia, which has always used its energy as a tool to advance its political goals, has not only used its energy against the bloc since the Ukraine crisis and strained its relations with the European Union, but it has also come up with some plans. It has sought to consolidate its trade with the union by removing Ukraine from the energy transit route to Europe, replacing new pipelines, including North Stream 2 and using Turkey’s territory, and reducing Kyiv’s influence on the energy transit route. Despite the political, security, and economic ties between Russia and the European Union, it seems that the energy variable has prevented spilling over their problems to other areas and helped maintain two players’ relationships. The results of the analysis of the conditions indicate that an increasing interdependence between them for at least the next decade especially in the gas sector will have remained. This is mainly related to Gazprom’s dependence on the European market, the technical problem of replacing Russian gas imports in the European Union, and long-term contracts by 2030, which could result in heavy fines for parties seeking to terminate the contract. © 2021},
author_keywords={Crisis;  Energy Security;  EU;  Gazprom;  Russia;  Ukraine},
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(2014) CEPS Commentary, 22, pp. 1-5; (2017) BP Statistical Review of World Energy, , http//www.bp.com, (Accessed on: 1/2/2018); Cenusa, Denis, Others, Russia’s Punitive Trade Policy Measures towards Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia (2014) CEPS Working Documents, 33 (400), pp. 174-198; (2017) Country Analysis Brief: Russia, , https://www.eia.gov/international/content/analysis/countries_long/Russia/russia.pdf, U.S. Energy Information (EIA), (Accessed on: 31/10/2017); Dannreuther, Roland, EU-Russia Energy Relations in Context (2016) Geopolitics, 21 (4), pp. 913-921; Firouzabadi, Dehghani, Jalal, Seyed, Mousavi, Seyed Rahman, Characteristics of Russian Energy Security Strategy towards the European Union (2013) Security Afagh Quarterly, 4 (12), pp. 37-66. , [in Persian]; Demirmen, F., Russian Plane Incident Puts Turkey in a Difficult Position on Energy (2016) Natural Gas Europe, , http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/russian-plane-incident-puts-turkey-in-adifficult-position-on-energy-27608, Jan. 14, (Accessed on: 15/1/2016); Fallahi, Ehsan, Ameri, Asadollah, The Roots of the Ukrainian Crisis and its Impact on the Interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2016) International Relations Studies, 34 (9), pp. 65-92. , [in Persian]; Rad, Abdolreza, Dolatabad, Ruhollah Salehi, Energy Importance in Russian Foreign Policy (2018) Central Asia and the Caucasus Studies, 23 (98), pp. 33-66. , [in Persian]; Gomes, M. 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correspondence_address1={Sabbaghian, A.; Assistant Professor of Regional Studies, Iran; email: sabbaghian@ut.ac.ir},
publisher={University of Tehran},
issn={20080867},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cent. Eurasia. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Keisuke2021119,
author={Keisuke, H. and Satoru, K. and Kimihiko, H.},
title={Transformation of southwestern area of cambodia’s cardamom mountains in the beginning of the twenty-first century: Remote sensing analysis on processes of farmland expansion by pioneer migrants},
journal={Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies},
year={2021},
volume={59},
number={1},
pages={119-145},
doi={10.20495/tak.59.1_119},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118756414&doi=10.20495%2ftak.59.1_119&partnerID=40&md5=5f7ff878f196dab71d12c4ca5498d187},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan; Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan},
abstract={The expansion of agricultural land through the clearing of forests by pioneer peasants, which was observed in northeastern Thailand in the twentieth century, has been occurring in mountainous areas of Cambodia in the twenty-first century. In this study, we clarified strategies and behaviors of immigrant peasant farmers in the Veal Veng Plateau, which was cleared of residents by the forced relocation during the Pol Pot period. Migrants from all over Cambodia rushed to this uninhabited region after the civil war. On-site interview surveys and analysis of satellite remote sensing data indicated that peasant farmers who rushed into the study area from around 2000 preferred to clear evergreen forests, which were suitable for cash crop cultivation. Land that was unsuitable for cash crops but suitable for rice paddy was left uncleared until around 2015. This was a drastic change from the self-sufficient agriculture carried out by the Khmer Rouge soldiers who had earlier occupied the study area. Such rapid and uniform changes in livelihoods and survival strategies have never appeared in other parts of continental Southeast Asia. It can be concluded that society in the study area was created by pioneer farmers who came with the global economy. © 2021, Center for Southeast Asian Studies. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Cambodian Civil War;  Cash crop;  land-use change;  Pioneer peasant;  Remote sensing},
keywords={agricultural land;  agricultural production;  civil war;  forced migration;  global economy;  land use change;  livelihood;  mountain region;  remote sensing;  satellite data;  twenty first century, Cambodia;  Cardamom Mountains;  Southeast Asia;  Thailand, Elettaria cardamomum},
references={Bourdier, Frederic, Inter-ethnic Relationships and Specificity of Indigenous Populations in Cambodia (2009) Ethnic Groups in Cambodia, pp. 284-335. , a edited by Hean Sokhom, Phnom Penh: Center for Advanced Study; Bourdier, Frederic, (2009) Development and Dominion: Indigenous Peoples of Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos, , ed. b. Bangkok: White Lotus Press; Pursat River Basin Profile, , Cambodia, Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology, n.d; Chann, Sopheak, Making Place and Creating Frontiers: Examining Land and Resource Struggles in Cambodian Post-conflict Resource Landscapes (2019) The Geographical Journal, 186 (3), pp. 262-275; Cock, Andrew, (2016) Governing Cambodia’s Forests: The International Politics of Policy Reform, , Copenhagen: NIAS Press; Delvert, Jean, (1958) Le paysan Cambodgien, , Paris: Mouton; Didan, Kamel, Munoz, Armando Barreto, Solano, Ramon, Huete, Alfredo, (2015) MODIS Vegetation Index User’s Guide (MOD13 Series), , https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/103/MOD13_User_Guide_V6.pdf, The University of Arizona; Homma, Koki, Horie, Takeshi, Shiraiwa, Tatsuhiko, Supapoj, Nopporn, Matsumoto, Naruo, Kabaki, Nobuyuki, Toposequential Variation in Soil Fertility and Rice Productivity of Rainfed Lowland Paddy Fields in Mini-Watershed (Nong) in Northeast Thailand (2003) Plant Production Science, 6 (2), pp. 147-153; Koninck, R. D., Déry, S., Agricultural Expansion as a Tool of Population Redistribution in Southeast Asia (1997) Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 28 (1), pp. 1-26; (2002) Land Resource Inventory for Agricultural Development (Basinwide) Project. Part III Soil Database Final Report, , Mekong River Commission. Phnom Penh: Mekong River Commission; Naewchampa, Chumphon, Socio-economic Changes in the Mun River Basin, 1900–1970 (1999) The Dry Areas in Southeast Asia: Harsh or Benign Environment?, pp. 215-235. , edited by Fukui Hayao, Kyoto: Kyoto University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS); Padwe, Jonathan, Cambodia’s Highlanders: Land, Livelihoods, and the Politics of Indigeneity (2017) The Handbook of Contemporary Cambodia, pp. 134-145. , edited by Katherine Brickell and Simon Springer, Oxon and New York: Routledge; (2006) The Atlas of Cambodia: National Poverty and Environment Maps, , Save Cambodia’s Wildlife (SCW). Phnom Penh: Save Cambodia’s Wildlife; Vityakon, P., Subhadhira, S., Limpinuntana, V., Srila, S., Trelo-ges, V., Sriboonlue, V., From Forest to Farmfields: Changes in Land Use in Undulating Terrain of Northeast Thailand at Different Scales during the Past Century (2004) Southeast Asian Studies, 41 (4), pp. 444-472; White, Joanna, The Indigenous Highlanders of the Northeast: An Uncertain Future (2009) Ethnic Groups in Cambodia, pp. 337-371. , edited by Hean Sokhom, Phnom Penh: Center for Advanced Study},
correspondence_address1={Keisuke, H.; Faculty of Engineering, 5180 Kurokawa, Japan; email: hoshi@pu-toyama.ac.jp},
publisher={Center for Southeast Asian Studies},
issn={05638682},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={Japanese J. Southeast Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liu2021149067,
author={Liu, J. and Huang, X.},
title={Forecasting Crude Oil Price Using Event Extraction},
journal={IEEE Access},
year={2021},
volume={9},
pages={149067-149076},
doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3124802},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118676187&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2021.3124802&partnerID=40&md5=9673d9009b2bf7d864e2f96b65d2ca95},
affiliation={School of Information Management and Engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China},
abstract={Research on crude oil price forecasting has attracted tremendous attention from scholars and policymakers due to its significant effect on the global economy. Besides supply and demand, crude oil prices are largely influenced by various factors, such as economic development, financial markets, conflicts, wars, and political events. Most previous research treats crude oil price forecasting as a time series or econometric variable prediction problem. Although recently there have been researches considering the effects of real-time news events, most of these works mainly use raw news headlines or topic models to extract text features without profoundly exploring the event information. In this study, a novel crude oil price forecasting framework, AGESL, is proposed to deal with this problem. In our approach, an open domain event extraction algorithm is utilized to extract underlying related events, and a text sentiment analysis algorithm is used to extract sentiment from massive news. Then a deep neural network integrating the news event features, sentimental features, and historical price features is built to predict future crude oil prices. Empirical experiments are performed on West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price data, and the results show that our approach obtains superior performance compared with several benchmark methods. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bayesian inference;  crude oil price forecasting;  event extraction;  natural language processing (NLP);  news sentiment},
keywords={Bayesian networks;  Benchmarking;  Costs;  Crude oil;  Data mining;  Deep neural networks;  Economics;  Extraction;  Forecasting;  Inference engines;  Modeling languages;  Recurrent neural networks;  Sentiment analysis;  Support vector machines;  Time series;  Vectors, Bayesian inference;  Biological system modeling;  Crude oil price forecasting;  Events extractions;  Features extraction;  Natural language processing;  News sentiment;  Oil;  Predictive models;  Support vectors machine;  Time-series analysis, Time series analysis},
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Forecasting, 32 (1), pp. 20-22. , Jan; Diebold, F.X., Comparing predictive accuracy, twenty years later: A personal perspective on the use and abuse of Diebold Mariano tests (2015) J. Bus. Econ. Statist., 33 (1), p. 1; Xu, P., Aamir, M., Shabri, A., Ishaq, M., Aslam, A., Li, L., A new approach for reconstruction of IMFs of decomposition and ensemble model for forecasting crude oil prices (2020) Math. Problems Eng., 2020. , Oct; Gao, W., Aamir, M., Shabri, A.B., Dewan, R., Aslam, A., Forecasting crude oil price using Kalman filter based on the reconstruction of modes of decomposition ensemble model (2019) IEEE Access, 7, pp. 149908-149925},
correspondence_address1={Liu, J.; School of Information Management and Engineering, China; email: majorliujw@gmail.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={21693536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Access},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Caravaca202153,
author={Caravaca, J. and Espeche, X.},
title={The Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) in perspective: Economy, postwar period and region in Latin American meetings (1942-1949) [La cepal en perspectiva: Economía, posguerra y región en reuniones latinoamericanas (1942–1949)]},
journal={Iberoamericana - Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies},
year={2021},
volume={50},
number={1},
pages={53-62},
doi={10.16993/IBEROAMERICANA.517},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115798331&doi=10.16993%2fIBEROAMERICANA.517&partnerID=40&md5=5f1d9f245804f7d198bdb50045afc20a},
affiliation={CONICET-Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, Argentina; CONICET-CHI, Argentina},
abstract={The emergence of the Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA, in 1948, can be considered as a continuation of the modality of conferences and Pan-American meetings that were taking place from end 19th century, growing in the context of Second World War, postwar and Cold War period. This paper especially focuses on the Latin American economy’s key discussions when thinking global economy; and in what it has been called “away team”, composed of the Argentine Raúl Prebisch, Daniel Cosío Villegas and Víctor Urquidi both Mexicans, and Belgian-US naturalized Robert Triffin, economists who thought the region jointly, with active participation in the period 1942–1949 debate. Within the period was central the first Central Banking Experts Meeting, held Mexico DF, 1946. © 2021 The Author(s).},
author_keywords={ECLAC-Second World War-Cold War-Latin America;  Pan-American Conferences},
funding_text 1={Esta investigación fue financiada con fondos del proyecto PICT 2016-0121 de la Agencia I+D+i.},
references={Altamirano, C., De la historia política a la historia intelectual: reactivaciones y renovaciones (2005) Prismas. Revista de Historia Intelectual, 9, pp. 11-18; Babb, S., Los profesionistas en el gobierno y el prob-lema de la tecnocracia: el caso de los economistas en México (1998) Estudios Sociológicos, 16 (48), pp. 661-688; de México, Banco, (1946) Primera Reunión de Técnicos sobre Problemas de Banca Central del Continente Americano, , México: Banco de México; Brenta, N., (2006) El rol del fondo monetario interna-cional en el financiamiento externo de la Argentina y su influencia sobre la política de ajuste del balance de pagos entre 1956 y 2003, , Tesis doctoral. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Caldentey, E, Vernengo, My, Torres, M., Raúl Prebi-sch y su faceta de banquero central y doctor mone-tario (textos publicados e inéditos de la década de 1940) (2019) Revista CEPAL, suplemento especial (LC/ PUB.2019/28-P), , Santiago: CEPAL; Caravaca, J., La Argentina keynesiana. Estado, política y expertos económicos en la década de 1930 (2012) Las prácticas del estado. Política, sociedad y elites estatales en la Argentina del siglo XX, pp. 67-91. , Plotkin, M. y Zimmermann, E. (editores), Buenos Aires: Edhasa; Caravaca, J., Cinco años que cambiaron un país: cri-sis, economía y economistas argentinos, 1930–1935 (2014) La politica degli esperti. Tecnici e tecnocrati in età contemporánea, pp. 71-90. , Grandi, E. y Paci, D., Milano: Unicopli. 2014; Caravaca, J., Prebisch como prisma. El desarrollo económico como problema (2018) La Argentina como problema. Temas, visiones y pasiones del siglo XX, , Altamorano, C. y Gorelik, A., Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI; Caravaca, Jy, Espeche, X., América Latina como problema y como solución: Robert Triffin, Daniel Cosío Villegas y Raúl Prebisch antes del Manifiesto Latinoamericano (1944–1946) (2016) Desarrollo Económico, 55 (217), pp. 411-435; Prebisch, Raúl, (1948) Archivo Prebisch, CEPAL. Sobre, 68. , Carta de Javier Márquez a enero 23 de. En: foto 54; Carta de Francisco Coire a Raúl Prebisch, febrero. 28, 1949. En: Archivo Prebisch, CEPAL Sobre 69, fotos 19 y 20; (1948) Nota sobre las finalidades y funciones de la Comisión Económica para América Latina, , https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/32824, CEPAL. 1948a. Docu-mento E/CN.12/3, 28 de abril de Disponible en (Last accessed 8 marzo 2021); (1945) Acta Final de la Conferencia Interamericana sobre Problemas de la Guerra y de la Paz, , https://www.dipublico.org/conferencias-diplomaticas-naciones-unidas/confer-encias-inter-americanas/conf-inter-amer-1945-1954/conferencia-interamericana-sobre-problemas-de-la-guerra-y-de-la-paz-ciudad-de-mexico-21-de-febrero-al-8-de-marzo-de-1945/, Conferencia Interamericana sobre Problemas de la Guerra y de la Paz. Castillo de Chapultepec, México DF, 21 de febrero al 8 de marzo de 1945. En: (Last accessed 8 marzo 2021); Cosío Villegas, D., (1976) Memorias, , México: Joaquín Mortiz; De Giovanni, F., (2018) Vernacular Latin Americanisms, , Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; Dosman, EJ., (2008) The Life and Times of Raúl Prebisch, 1901–1986, , https://doi.org/10.18356/dff840f3-en, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press; Espeche, X., (2016) La paradoja uruguaya. Intelectuales, latinoamericanismo y nación a mediados de siglo XX, , Bernal: UNQ; Estrada Calva, L., (2016) Las relaciones Estados Unidos y América Latina en los Foros Panamericanos (1933– 1948), , http://dcsh.xoc.uam.mx/images/MRI/LGAC/LGAC3/3.3.pdf, Tesis de Maestría. México, UAM. Disponible en: (Last accessed 3 marzo 2021); Flandreau, M., (2003) Money Doctors. The Experience of International Financial Advising, 1850–2000, , Londres/NewYork: Routledge; Helleiner, E., Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods (2014) International Development ant the Making of the Postwar Order, , US: Cornell University Press; Hirschman, AO., Auge y ocaso de la teoría económica del desarrollo (1980) El Trimestre Económico, 47 (188), pp. 1055-1077; Hirst, M., Democracia, seguridad, integración (1996) Amé-rica Latina en un mundo en transición, , Buenos Aires: Norma; Hodara, J., (1987) Prebisch y la CEPAL. Sustancia, trayec-toria y contexto institucional, , México: El Colegio de México; Hodara, J., (2014) Víctor L, , Urquidi. Trayectoria intelectual. México: El Colegio de México; Krauze, E., (2004) Urquidi, el visionario, , https://enriquekrauze.com.mx/urquidi-visionario/, Disponible en (Last accessed 5 marzo 2021); Love, J., Raúl Prebisch and the Origins of the Doc-trine of Unequal Exchange (1980) Latin American Research Review, 15 (3), pp. 45-72; Magariños, M., (1991) Diálogos con Raúl Prebisch, , México: Fondo de Cultura económica/Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior; Mallorquín, C., (1994) Entrevista inédita con Víctor Urquidi; Mallorquín Suzarte, C., (2013) Relatos contados desde la periferia: el pensamiento económico latinoamericano, , México/España: Plaza y Valdés; Mallorquín, C., (2021) A Southern Perspective on Development Studies, , Chile: Ariadna Ediciones; Rivarola Puntigliano, Ay, Briceño-Ruiz, J., (2013) Development and Auton-omy, , https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137328373, (eds). Resilience of Regionalism in Latin American and the Caribbean, UK: Palgrave Macmillan; Rosenberg, ES., (2004) Financial Missionaries to the World. The Politics and Culture of Dollar Diplomacy, 1900– 1930, , https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220kxb, Durham/Londres: Duke University Press; Salvatore, R., Prefacio (2014) El imperio de la ley. James Brown Scott y la construcción de un orden jurídico interamericano, pp. 11-18. , Scarfi, J.P. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica; Scarfi, JP., (2014) El imperio de la ley. James Brown Scott y la construcción de un orden jurídico interamericano, , Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica; Crónicas Internacionales. Reunión de Expertos en Banca Central del Continente Americano (1952) Comer-cio Exterior, 7, pp. 250-253. , S/F; Thornton, C., (2021) Revolution in Development: Mexico and the Governance of the Global Economy, , https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520969636, USA: University of California Press; Toye, Jy, Toye, R., Economic knowledge and mana-gerial power at the United Nations: a comparative view (2005) Worlds of Political Economy, pp. 241-265. , Daunton M, Trentmann, F. (eds) New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Turrent, DE., Víctor Urquidi en el Banco de México (2005) Comercio Exterior, 55 (8), pp. 662-674; (1940) Acta Final de la Segunda Reunión de Consulta de los Ministros de Relaciones Exteriores, , https://www.dipublico.org/15874/acta-final-prim-era-reunion-de-consulta-de-ministros-de-relaciones-exteriores-la-habana-1940/, Unión Panamericana. 21 al 30 de julio de 1940, La Habana, Cuba. En: (Last accessed 8 marzo 2021); (1942) Acta Final de la Tercera Reunión de Consulta de los Ministros en Relaciones Exteriores, , https://www.dipublico.org/conferen-cias-diplomaticas-naciones-unidas/conferencias-inter-americanas/conf-inter-amer-1938-1942/tercera-reunion-de-consulta-entre-los-ministros-de-relaciones-exteriores-de-las-republicas-americanas-de-conformidad-con-los-acuerdos-de-buenos-aires-y-de-lima-rio-de-janeiro-15-28-de-enero-1942/, Unión Panamericana. Río de Janeiro, Brasil, 15 al 28 de enero de 1942, En: (Last accessed 8 marzo 2021); (1942) Acta de la Conferencia Interamericana sobre Sistemas de Control Económico y Financiero, , https://www.dipublico.org/101177/conferencia-interamericana-sobre-sistemas-de-control-economico-y-financiero-washington-30-de-junio-10-de-julio-1942/, Unión Panamericana. 1942b. Washington, 30 de Junio-10 de Julio, En: (Last accessed 24 agosto 2021); (1947) Acta Final de la Conferencia Interamericana para el Mantenimiento de la Paz y la Seguridad del Continente, , https://www.dipublico.org/conferencias-diplomaticas-naciones-unidas/conferencias-inter-americanas/conf-inter-amer-1945-1954/conferencia-interamericana-para-el-mantenimiento-de-la-paz-y-la-seguridad-del-continente-rio-de-janeiro-15-de-agosto-a-2-de-septiembre-de-1947/, Unión Panamericana. Río de Janeiro, 15 de agosto a 2 de septiembre de 1947. En: (Last accessed 8 marzo 2021); (1948) Acta Final de la Novena Conferencia Internacional Americana, , https://www.dipublico.org/conferencias-diplomaticas-naciones-unidas/conferencias-inter-americanas/conf-inter-amer-1945-1954/, Unión Panamericana. Bogotá, 30 de Marzo a 2 de Mayo de 1948. En: (Last accessed 8 marzo 2021)},
correspondence_address1={Caravaca, J.; CONICET-Centro de Investigaciones SocialesArgentina; email: jimenacaravaca@gmail.com},
publisher={Stockholm University Press},
issn={00468444},
language={Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Iberoam. - Nord. J. Latin American Caribbean Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Tomé2021280,
author={Tomé, L.},
title={The Cuban diaspora: Stories of defection, brain drain, and brain gain},
journal={The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Ballet},
year={2021},
pages={280-298},
doi={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190871499.013.50},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112280114&doi=10.1093%2foxfordhb%2f9780190871499.013.50&partnerID=40&md5=cd5d6827a5798b7932ebcc9423d0d8a3},
affiliation={Dance Department, Smith CollegeMA, United States},
abstract={Since the 1990s, many dancers from Cuba have found work in North American and Western European ballet ensembles. This chapter describes how their international dance careers reflect high-skilled labor migration in the global economy, as well as the decentralizing expansion of ballet’s labor market. Migrant Cuban dancers cite a depressed local economy and the artistic stagnation of the Ballet Nacional de Cuba as fundamental reasons for looking for work in international ensembles. Their exodus is also political-extending into the present practices and discourses associated with the Cold War concept of defection. The numerous departures constitute a detrimental form of brain drain for Cuban ballet, which loses precious human capital and is relegated to the subaltern role of labor supplier for the international ballet community. Yet, this diaspora could also fuel brain gain-a scenario in which émigrés such as Carlos Acosta return home to reinvest in local institutions the knowledge and resources acquired abroad. © Oxford University Press 2021.},
author_keywords={Ballet;  Brain drain;  Brain gain;  Carlos acosta;  Cuba;  Dance;  Diaspora;  High-skilled labor;  Labor;  Migration},
references={Chomsky, A., (2015) A History of the Cuban Revolution, pp. 126-148. , 2nd ed. (Chichester: Wiley Blackwell; (2018) Festival Internacional de Ballet de La Habana reunirá a ‘familia’ de danza cubana, , http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2018-10/12/c_137526677.htm, Xinhua Español, October 10, accessed on September 10, 2020; Wulff, H., (1998) Ballet across Borders: Career and Culture in the World of Dancers, , Oxford: Berg; Lines, D., 2014 Prix de Lausanne Finalists, , http://dancelines.com.au/2014-prix-de-lausanne-finalists; Ballet, B., Company Dancers, , http://www.bostonballet.org/company/dancers/dancers.html; Tomé, L., Black Star, Fetishized Other: Carlos Acosta, Ballet’s New Cosmopolitanism, and Desire in the Age of Institutional Diversity (2019) The Routledge Companion to Dance Studies, pp. 298-310. , ed. Helen Thomas and Stacey Prickett (London: Routledge; Docquier, F., Rapoport, H., Quantifying the Impact of Highly Skilled Emigration on Developing Countries (2012) Brain Drain and Brain Gain: The Global Competition to Attract High-Skilled Migrants, pp. 209-307. , ed. Tito Boeri, Herbert Brücker, Fréderic Docquier and Hillel Rapoport (Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ravsberg, F., The Secrets of Cuba’s Ballet School (2017) Havana Times, , https://havanatimes.org/?p=128043, October 26; Kinetz, E., The New Soaring Force in American Ballet: Hispanics (2005) The New York Times, p. E7. , September 20; Hunt, M.E., Latest Cuban Dancers to Defect (2009) Dance Magazine, 83 (1), p. 28; Peters, P., (2012) Migration Policy Reform: Cuba Gets Started, U.S. Should Follow, , http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Cuba/ResearchProducts/CubanMigration.pdf, Lexington Institute; Rey, F., Simón, P., (1996) Alicia Alonso: Órbita de una leyenda, pp. 43-45. , Madrid: Sociedad General de Autores de España; Schwall, E., Coordinating Movements: The Politics of Cuban-Mexican Dance Exchanges, 1959-1983 (2017) Hispanic American Historical Review, 97 (4), pp. 681-716; Percival, J., Caribbean Classic (1967) Dance and Dancers, pp. 42-43. , January; Prevots, N., (1998) Dance for Export: Cultural Diplomacy and the Cold War, , Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press; Croft, C., (2015) Dancers as Diplomats: American Choreography in Cultural Exchange, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kodat, C.G., (2015) Don’t Act, Just Dance: The Metapolitics of Cold War Culture, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Almendros, N., Jiménez-Leal, O., (1984) Conducta impropia, , Madrid: Playor; Caute, D., (2003) The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy during the Cold War, pp. 468-506. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Carruthers, S., (2009) Cold War Captives: Imprisonment, Escape, and Brainwashing, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Leiner, M., (1994) Sexual Politics in Cuba: Machismo, Homosexuality and Aids, pp. 28-31. , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Henken, T., (2007) Cuba: A Global Studies Handbook, pp. 154-159. , Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio; Cervantes-Rodríguez, M., (2010) International Migration in Cuba: Accumulation, Imperial Designs, and Transnational Social Fields, , University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; (2013) Hispanics of Cuban Origin in the United States, 2011, , https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2013/06/19/hispanics-of-cuban-origin-in-the-united-states-2011/, June 19, accessed on September 10, 2020; Ojito, M., Fleeing Cuba, Hoping to Soar on New Stage (2003) The New York Times, p. A1. , December 5; Solimano, A., (2010) International Migration in the Age of Crisis and Globalization: Historical and Recent Experiences, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Crabb, M., The Cuban Dancer Exodus to Canada (2011) Toronto Star, p. E9. , March 12; Hernández, H., Lorna Feijóo, de las grandes del ballet cubano (2013) Havana Times, , http://www.havanatimes.org/sp/?p=78047, January 13; Kourlas, G., Havana’s Sphere of Influence (2011) The New York Times, p. A17. , May 29; Martínez, R., (2003) Cuban Ballet’s Alonso Pained by Defections to U.S, , Reuters, November 22; Major, P., (2010) Behind the Berlin Wall: East Germany and the Frontiers of Power, pp. 99 and 182. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Commander, S., Kangasniemi, M., Alan Winters, L., The Brain Drain: Curse or Boon? A Survey of the Literature (2004) Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics, pp. 235-278. , ed. Robert E. Baldwin and L. Alan Winters (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Brücker, H., Bertoli, S., Facchini, G., Mayda, A.M., Peri, G., Understanding Highly Skilled Migration in Developed Countries Brain Drain and Brain Gain, pp. 15-208. , ed. Tito Boeri, Herbert Brücker, Fréderic Docquier and Hillel Rapoport; Estrada, J.L., Carlos Acosta, el bueno de la película (2009) Juventud Rebelde, , http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/cultura/2009-10-03/carlos-acosta-el-bueno-de-la-pelicula, October 3; Willis, M., (2010) Carlos Acosta: The Reluctant Dancer, , London: Arcadia Books; Nórido, Y., Ely Regina Hernández: Clásica y moderna (2016) Trabajadores, , http://www.trabajadores.cu/20160904/ely-regina-hernandez-clasica-y-moderna/, September 4; Sánchez, M., Acosta Danza reafirma afecto por tendencias contemporáneas del arte (2018) Prensa Latina, , https://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?o=rn&id=203749&SEO=acosta-danza-reafirma-afecto-por-tendencias-contemporaneasdel-arte, August 19; Seibert, B., A Global Star Sets His Heart on Home (2018) The New York Times, p. 11. , April 22; Nórido, Y., Un festival, muchas celebraciones (2018) Trabajadores, , http://www.trabajadores.cu/20181011/un-festival-muchas-celebraciones/, October 11; Piñera, T., Festival Internacional de Ballet Alicia Alonso: Paso a la danza (2018) Granma, , http://www.granma.cu/cultura/2018-10-11/paso-a-la-danza-11-10-2018-19-10-46, October 11},
correspondence_address1={Tomé, L.; Dance Department, United States},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780190871499},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Oxford Handb. of Contemporary Ballet},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kowarsch2021103,
author={Kowarsch, D.},
title={Optimal Strategy in International Relations},
journal={Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems},
year={2021},
volume={264},
pages={103-110},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-79763-8_12},
note={cited By 0; Conference of AHFE International Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the AHFE International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, 2021 ; Conference Date: 25 July 2021 Through 29 July 2021;  Conference Code:261819},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111955683&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-79763-8_12&partnerID=40&md5=926611d7c6da6c74638b7a375e365f88},
affiliation={Claremont Graduate University, 150 E 10th Street, Claremont, CA  91711, United States},
abstract={The aim of this article is to explore the impact of power distribution and international trade on world stability by an agent-based simulation modeling approach. The superiority of using ABM is not only to discover non-linear patterns dynamically, but also to capture uncertainties in order to prevent imperceptible risks, such as global wars. There is a large body of studies attempting to address the cause of wars. Theories in international relations portray the disparate mechanisms of war from various perspectives. In this article, however, I primarily consider two power-based theories, balance of power and power transition theory, and the interconnections among power, trade, and war. Proponents of both sides assert seemingly controversial arguments on the cause of wars. According to balance of power theory, the polarity distribution in power enhances peaceful dyadic relationship between two powerful countries because the superpower states will prefer the status quo and cooperation with their allies. In contrast, the supporters of power transition theory claim that parity and the challenger’s dissatisfaction with the status quo are essential conditions for war. The simulated result, however, indicates that the two theories are comparable as power parity is positively associated with trade. Alternatively, trade is positively associated with interdependence, and interdependence increases both the costs of war and opportunities of waging war. This endogeneity, integrated with the third dimension, time, results in powerful states most likely and ironically avoiding wars with other powerful states. The result of sensitivity analysis unfolds a negative exponential distribution pattern of war occurrence over time, meanwhile, the overall global economy is thriving. The convergence behavior emerges following the substantial cooperative behaviors between states. Based on the results from both deduction and induction approaches, the possibility of initiating war is not the preferred option for most interconnected super states. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Agent-based modeling;  Balance of power theory;  Interdependence;  Power transition theory;  Trade;  War},
references={Waltz, K.N., Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis. Columbia University Press (1959) New York; Waltz, K.N., (1979) Theory of International Politics, pp. 118-121. , , pp. , Addison-Wesley; Organski, A.F.K., (1968) World Politics, , 2nd edn. Alfred A. Knopf, New York; Organski, A.F.K., Kugler, J., (1980) The War Ledger, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Keshk, O.M.G., Reuveny, R., Pollins, B.M., Trade and conflict: Proximity, country size, and measures (2010) Conflict Management and Peace Science, 27, pp. 3-27. , , vol., pp. , Sage; Barbieri, K., Economic interdependence: a path to peace or a source of interstate conflict? (1996) J. Peace Res., 33, pp. 29-49; Axelrod, R., Keohane, R.O., Achieving cooperation under anarchy: Strategies and institutions (1985) World Polit, 38, pp. 226-254; Gartzke, E., War is in the error term (1999) J. Int. Organ., 53, pp. 567-587; Abdollahian, M., Yang, Z., Coan, T., Yesilada, B., Human development dynamics: An agent based simulation of macro social systems and individual heterogeneous evolutionary games (2013) Complex Adapt. Syst. Model., 1 (1), pp. 1-17; Bremer, S.A., Dangerous dyads: Conditions affecting the likelihood of interstate war, 1816– 1965 (1992) J. Confl. Resolut., 36 (2), pp. 309-341},
correspondence_address1={Kowarsch, D.; Claremont Graduate University, 150 E 10th Street, United States; email: dandan.kowarsch@cgu.edu},
editor={Wright J.L., Barber D., Scataglini S., Rajulu S.L.},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={23673370},
isbn={9783030797621},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lect. Notes Networks Syst.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuznetsov20219,
author={Kuznetsov, A.V.},
title={Direct investment from Russia abroad: Changes since 2018},
journal={Istoriya},
year={2021},
volume={12},
pages={9-15},
doi={10.18254/S207987840015225-6},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108231190&doi=10.18254%2fS207987840015225-6&partnerID=40&md5=3f8952cc8788cfc826544747e313dd0c},
affiliation={MGIMO-University, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, The Russian Academy of Sciences (INION), Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={The article considers the specifics of Russian foreign direct investment outflows in 2018 - the first half of 2020. Three main reasons for the new stagnation of Russian foreign investment expansion are identified: 1) the strengthening of "sanctions war" with the West after the election of Vladimir Putin for the 4th presidential term; 2) the slowdown in the global economy in 2018-2019 against the background of relatively low prices for hydrocarbons and other raw materials exported from Russia; and 3) the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. These factors resulted in a reduction of both outward foreign direct investment stocks by Russian MNEs (partially due to revaluation of their assets after the collapse of the ruble rate), and a decrease in investments of wealthy Russians in foreign real estate as well as pseudo-foreign investment because of the regular attempts to conduct de-offshorization. Based on a study conducted at INION within the framework of the international program for studying MNEs from emerging markets, a list of leading Russian non-financial MNEs by the end of 2019 is presented. Further prospects of Russian direct investment are shown at the end of the article. © 2021 Ltd "Integration: Education and Science". All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={"sanctions war" with the West;  Effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the economy;  FDI;  FDI statistics;  Foreign direct investment;  Investments in foreign real estate;  MNEs;  Round-tripping FDI;  Russian multinational enterprises},
references={(2020) Official Exchange Rates on Selected Date, , http://cbr.ru/eng/currency_base/daily/, Bank of Russia (a); (2020) Direct Investment of the Russian Federation Abroad: Positions by Instrument and Partner Country (Directional Principle), , http://cbr.ru/vfs/eng/statistics/credit_statistics/direct_investment/16e-dir_inv.xlsx, Bank of Russia (b); (2020) Direct Investment of the Russian Federation Abroad: Flows by Instrument and Partner Country, , http://cbr.ru/vfs/eng/statistics/credit_statistics/direct_investment/18e-dir_inv.xls, Bank of Russia (c); Bulatov, A.S., Sovremennaya rossiyskaya vneshneekonomicheskaya model' i eyo vnesneekonomicheskiye aspekti [Today's Russian Economic System and its External Economic Aspects] (2020) Rossiya i sovremennyj mir, (2), pp. 158-168; (2020) S kapitalom za granitsu [With Capital Abroad], , https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4299818, Kachmazov Kommersant; Kalotay, K., A Quarter Century of Global Foreign Direct Investment: A Shifting Landscape (2020) Encyclopedia of International Economics and Global Trade, 1, pp. 11-43. , Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise. World Scientific; Kheyfets, B.A., Deoffshorization and AntiRussian Sanctions] (2018) Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, (8), pp. 15-31. , Vliyaniye antirossiyskih sanktsiy na protsess deofshorizatsii; Kuznetsov, A.V., Evaluation Methods of Russian Direct Investments Abroad (2018) Economics of Contemporary Russia, (4), pp. 37-50. , Metody otsenki pryamih rossiyskih investitsiy za rubezhom; Liuhto, K., Motivations of Russian Firms to Invest Abroad: How Do Sanctions Affect Russia's Outward Foreign Direct Investment? (2015) Baltic Region, (4), pp. 4-19; Liuhto, K.T., Majuri, S.S., Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Russia: A Literature Review (2014) Journal of East-West Business, 20 (4), pp. 198-224; (2019) Russian Statistical Yearbook, , Rosstat Moscow; Timofeev, I., Morozov, V., Timofeeva, Yu, Sanktsii protiv Rossii: vzglyad v 2020 g (2020) Russian International Affairs Council Report, (51). , [Sanctions against Russia: Outlook 2020]; Vatnik, K., (2020) Rossiyane ostayutsya krupneyshimi pokupatelyami nedvizhimosti v Chernogorii [Russians Remain the Largest Buyers of Real Estate in Montenegro, , https://prian.ru/news/rossiyane-ostayutsya-krupneyshimi-pokupatelyami-nedvizhimosti-v-chernogorii.html; (2019) Which Countries Do Russians Buy Real Estate More Often?, , https://www.cre.ru/analytics/74296, kakih stranah chasche pokupayut nedvizhimost rossiyane [In]; International Production beyond the Pandemic, , World Investment Report 2020. Geneva: UNCTAD},
correspondence_address1={Kuznetsov, A.V.; MGIMO-University, Vernadskogo avenue, 76, Russian Federation; email: Kuznetsov_alexei@mail.ru},
publisher={Ltd "Integration: Education and Science"},
issn={20798784},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Istoriya},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McDonald2021383,
author={McDonald, B.},
title={Wto dispute settlement and rule-making: One crisis or two?},
journal={Journal of World Trade},
year={2021},
volume={55},
number={3},
pages={383-396},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107823722&partnerID=40&md5=47f983f7873e82e3212d44330e52c090},
abstract={The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements can be thought of as an incomplete contract that needs to be completed either through renegotiation, the judiciary, or non-judicial interpretation. It provides for all three, but only the judicial route has functioned regularly. With that route now (also) in crisis, there is doubt whether the contract itself can continue to deliver the relative stability and openness in trade policy that has underpinned exceptional global economic performance post World War II. The paper asks whether the multiple crises in the WTO might stem from a common cause of institutional design or culture. New challenges such as climate change and the interface of technology and security may brutally expose further implications of this weakness. The paper concludes with thoughts on a way out. © 2021 Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.},
author_keywords={Dispute settlement;  General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT);  International Monetary Fund (IMF);  International trade;  World Trade Organization (WTO);  WTO reform},
keywords={dispute resolution;  GATT;  global economy;  IMF;  reform process;  trade policy;  World Trade Organization},
funding_details={Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y TecnologíaComisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT, MAT1999-0984, MAT2001-003251},
funding_text 1={The authors acknowledge financial support from CICyT project numbers: MAT1999-0984 (C.F.) and MAT2001-003251 (E.V.). Part of the data has been obtained by using a free distribution of the max-flow min-cut algorithm from LEDA Research Group (Germany). This research has partially been developed using computational facilities of CESCA (Centre de Supercomputació de Catalunya).},
references={Bacchus, J., Was Buenos Aires the Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning? The Future of the WTO (2018), Cato Institute Policy Analysi 841 Trade Policy in the 1980s (W. Cline ed., MIT Press 1983); Hart, O., (1995) Firms, Contracts, and Market Structure, , (Clarendon Press, Oxford); Hoekman, B., Mavroidis, P., (2020) Preventing the Bad from Getting Worse: The End of the World (Trade Organization) As We Know It?, , EUI Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies; Hoekman, B., Mavroidis, P., WTO ‘a la carte’ or ‘Menu du Jour’? Assessing the Case for More Plurilateral Agreements (2015) Eur. J. Int’l L; Horn, H., Maggi, G., Staiger, R., Trade Agreements as Endogenously Incomplete Contracts (2010) Am. Econ. Rev; (2018) World Bank, & WTO, Reinvigorating Trade and Inclusive Growth, , IMF; (1948) Policies and Work of the Fund – Mr Overby, EB/Memo/48/ 113, Policies and Work of the Fund – Mr. Overby, , IMF Archives, 01/05/1948, IMF Archives (01 May); Jackson, J., GATT Machinery and the Tokyo Round Agreements (1983) Trade Policy in the 1980s, , (Cline ed); Maggi, G., Staiger, R., The Role of Dispute Settlement Procedures in International Trade Agreements (2011), QJE February 2011; Malmgren, H., Threats to the Multilateral System (1983) Trade Policy in the 1980s, , (Cline ed., MIT Press); Wolff, A., The Need for New GATT Rules to Govern Safeguard Actions (1983) Trade Policy in the 1980s, , (Cline ed., MIT Press); Wolff, A., Statement for a virtual event hosted by Chatham House, , www.wto.org, London, on 13 January 2021},
correspondence_address1={McDonald, B.email: BMcDonald@imf.org},
publisher={Kluwer Law International},
issn={10116702},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. World Trade},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Herrala202121,
author={Herrala, R.},
title={Can China Be Less Dependent on Exports?},
journal={Palgrave Studies of Internationalization in Emerging Markets},
year={2021},
pages={21-34},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-69812-6_2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107511565&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-69812-6_2&partnerID=40&md5=d715fead63e15ba71ff89efab6e91378},
affiliation={Bank of Finland Research Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT), Helsinki, Finland},
abstract={Chinese export growth has slowed down dramatically during the past decade. While the slowdown in part reflects a shift in Chinese economic policies, it has been accompanied by significant international tensions. Chinese influence is increasingly resisted around the world, as indicated by the broadside of trade “wars” and boycotts faced by Chinese firms and products abroad. The chapter reviews the underlying tensions between China and its export partners and projects the Chinese path in the global economy. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Economic growth;  Exports;  Trade war},
references={Arora, V., Vamvakidis, A., China’s Economic Growth: International Spillovers (2011) China & World Economy, 19 (5), pp. 31-46; Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade (2016) Annual Review of Economics, 8, pp. 205-240; Bloom, N., Draca, M., Trade-Induced Technical Change? The Impact of Chinese Imports on Innovation, IT, and Productivity (2016) Review of Economic Studies, 83, pp. 87-117; Dizioli, A., Guajardo, J., Klyuev, V., Mano, R., Raissi, M., Spillovers from China’s Growth Slowdown and Rebalancing to the ASEAN-5 Economies (2016) IMF Working Paper WP/, 16 (170); Feldkircher, M., Korhonen, I., The Rise of China and Its Implications for the Global Economy: Evidence from a Global Vector Autoregressive Model (2014) Pacific Economic Review, 19 (1), pp. 61-89; Herrala, R., Jia, Y., Toward State Capitalism in China (2014) Asian. Economic Papers, 14 (2), pp. 163-175; Herrala, R., Orlandi, F., (2020) Win-Win? Assessing the Global Impact of the Chinese Economy, , BOFIT discussion papers 4/2020; Today, I., (2020) Mood of the Nation: 9 out of 10 in Favor of Boycotting Chinese Products, , Newspaper Article; Size and Distribution of State-Owned Enterprises (2017) Presentation to OECD Steel Committee; (2020) US Views on China Increasingly Negative Amid Coronavirus Outbreak, , Press Release; Pierce, J., Schott, P., The Surprisingly Swift Decline in US Manufacturing Employment (2016) American Economic Review, 106 (7), pp. 1632-1662; USTR (United States Trade Representative). (2019). 2018 Report to the Congress on China’s WTO Compliance; Woo, W.-T., China’s Soft Budget Constraint on the Demand-Side Undermines its Supply-Side Reforms (2019) China Economic Review, 57, pp. 1-8; Zhuo, X., Study on the Interaction between International Commodity Price and China’s Demand (2018) Chinese Studies, 7, pp. 34-46},
correspondence_address1={Herrala, R.; Bank of Finland Research Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT)Finland; email: risto.herrala@bof.fi},
publisher={Springer Nature},
issn={26621185},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Palgrave Stud. Intern. Emerg. Mark.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kou2021196,
author={Kou, Z. and Gao, Q. and Zhang, M.},
title={A GTAP Simulation-Based Analysis Method for Impact of the US Exit from WTO and China's Strategic Choice},
journal={Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST},
year={2021},
volume={370},
pages={196-205},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-72795-6_16},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 12th EAI International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUtools 2020 ; Conference Date: 28 August 2020 Through 29 August 2020;  Conference Code:258259},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105908088&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-72795-6_16&partnerID=40&md5=3ce3a8720af7a695e6b67552e7ba5c9a},
affiliation={College of Business, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China; Economic and Trade Department, Yancheng Polytechnic College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, China},
abstract={In this paper, the GTAP model is used to simulate the impact of the withdrawal of U.S. from the WTO on China and even the global economy. It is found that the withdrawal of the United States from WTO has both positive and negative effects on China's economy and these effects expand with the rise of tariff level between the United States and WTO members. The positive influence comes from the fact that after the United States imposes tariffs on other WTO members, it will worsen the terms of trade between the United States and other WTO members, reduce import and export, and bring favorable effects to China. The negative effects are mainly due to the escalating trade war between China and the United States. The withdrawal of the United States from the WTO and the imposition of tariffs on China will lead to the deterioration of trade between China and the United States, which is not conducive to the export of Chinese products to the United States. We have obtained the import and export data of the world in recent three years. Based on the GTAP model and correlation analysis method, we analyze and model the data. Through the simulation experiment based on the GTAP model, we derive a decision-making model with great reference value. © ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2021.},
author_keywords={Grey relational analysis;  GTAP model;  Non-trade barriers;  Sino-US trade;  Tariff},
keywords={Decision making;  Deterioration, Correlation analysis;  Decision making models;  Global economies;  Import and exports;  Positive and negative effect;  Reference values;  Simulation-based analysis;  Strategic choice, International trade},
references={Zhao, D., Research on US trade protectionism with China (2020) Foreign Econ. Relat. Trade, 5, pp. 16-20; Cui, J., Zhang, R., Research on the causes and countermeasures of Sino-US trade friction (2020) Econ. Res. Guid., 8, pp. 112-113; Li, M., An empirical analysis of the economic impact of Sino-US trade friction under the GTAP model (2020) J. West Anhui Univ., 36 (1), pp. 76-80; Chen, W., Zhu, Y., Zhu, L., Chen, P., China-US trade war motives and coping strategies (2020) Zhejiang Econ, (4), p. 77; Guo, Q., Chen, W., Research on the impact and countermeasures of the Sino–US trade friction on China’s international trade (2019) Comp. Econ. Soc. Syst., 5, pp. 78-90; Jin, R., Paying close attention to the possible impact of the withdrawal of the United States from the WTO on China (2019) China Dev. Obs., 9 (17), pp. 41-42; Xinquan, T., Shi, X., WTO reform: A necessary and arduous task (2019) Contemp. World, 8, pp. 30-36; Kong, Q., On China’s countermeasures under the continuous trade friction between China and the United States (2019) Intertrade, 1, pp. 39-43; Donghui, F., On defeating Trump’s trade war from WTO law (2019) Intertrade, 1, pp. 59-67; Zhang, C., Analysis of the deep-seated reasons why the United States provoked a trade war against China. In: 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China and Human Development Economics-China·Human Development in (2019) 2019 Proceedings of Academic Conference of Development Economics Society, pp. 102-103. , pp; Hong, J., Yang, Z., The impact of Sino-US trade friction on China’s manufacturing and China’s countermeasure (2019) Intertrade, 8, pp. 21-27; Zhang, Y., Li, J., Model calculation of the impact of Sino-US trade friction on my country’s economy. China Econ (2018) Trade Guide, 13, pp. 14-17; Qiu, H., The possible impact of the U.S. withdrawal from the World Trade Organization (2017) Econ. Trade Update, (21), pp. 25-29; Chinese Ministry of Commerce Research Report on China-Us Economic and Trade Relations [EB/OL], , Accessed 12 Sep 2018; Zhang, J., U.S. Withdrawal from WTO is a Dangerous Gamechina Business Times, , https://epa per.cbt.com.cn/epaper/uniflows/html/2018/09/06/03/03_52.htm, Accessed 9 June 2018; Pang, Z., Is the dream of the U.S. exit from WTO coming true (2018) China Times, , https://www.chinat imes.cc/. Accessed 9, Oct; Song, G., (2018) Making Two-Step Preparations for the Threat of US Withdrawal from Wto.Global Times, , https://opinion.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKc5C0. Accessed 9, Jan; Zhang, Y., Guarding the WTO “Guardian of Free Trade Global Times},
correspondence_address1={Kou, Z.; College of Business, China; email: 098990937@qq.com},
editor={Song H., Jiang D.},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={18678211},
isbn={9783030727949},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lect. Notes Inst. Comput. Sci. Soc. Informatics Telecommun. Eng.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Spagnol2021117,
author={Spagnol, G.},
title={Cyberspace: An Advantageous Terrain for War?},
journal={Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications},
year={2021},
pages={117-128},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-67973-6_8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104156707&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-67973-6_8&partnerID=40&md5=11fb82ff5d4b31abc5809aa84efada37},
affiliation={Force Readiness, NATO, Bruxelles, Belgium},
abstract={Cyber is an operational domain of conflict joining sea and air as other domains in which conflict may occur. Cyber defence is part of collective defence. Most crises and conflicts today have a cyber dimension, so treating cyber as an operational domain will enable to better protect one's missions and operations. Cybersecurity is a priority in the field of International Relations, as cyber espionage can harm any global economy and hacking attacks are the modern way of committing espionage. Countries are increasingly militarizing the cyberspace where there is an ongoing confrontation between states: such confrontation is a mirror image of the ongoing international tensions. On the subject of law, countries should develop internationally agreed definitions of key terminology in the cyberspace in order to determine what constitutes an act of cyber warfare. A further concept to be considered is cyber resilience. Organizations should understand the impact of a potential cyberattack and the steps required to prevent, survive, and recover from such an attack. In short, the cyber world, rapidly growing and increasingly sophisticated, constitutes a new sphere and implies a new type of relationship in international relations which need a “cyber policy” space, the most recent and most important area of interest in the theoretical and practical field. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Cybersecurity;  Cyberspace;  Digital borders;  Internet of things},
references={Brent, L., NATO’s role in cyberspace (2019) NATO Review, , https://www.nato.int/docu/review/art icles/2019/02/12/natos-role-in-cyberspace. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; Carment, D., Belo, D., (2018) War’s Future: The Risks and Rewards of Grey-Zone Conflict and Hybrid Warfare. Canadian Global Affairs Institute, , https://www.cgai.ca/wars_future_the_risks_ and_rewards_of_grey_zone_conflict_and_hybrid_warfare. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; Done, A., (2012) Global Trends: Facing up to a Changing World, , London: Palgrave Macmillan; Kissinger, H., (2014) World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History, , New York: Penguin Press; Klimburg, A., Faesen, L., (2018) A Balance of Power in Cyberspace. the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, , https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep19350. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; Murphy, T., Security challenges in the 21st century global commons (2010) Yale Journal of International Affairs, 5 (2), pp. 28-43; NATO. (2019). NATO, European Union experts review cyber defence cooperation. December 17, 2019, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_172157.htm?selectedLocale=en. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; Parzyan, A., (2017) Cyberspace—A Manmade Domain for Wars. 21St Century, 1, pp. 42-57; Regalado, A. (2014). Spying is bad for business: Can we trust an Internet that’s become a weapon of governments? MIT Technology Review. March 18, 2014. https://cdn.technologyreview.com/s/525526/spying-is-bad-for-business/?set=525511. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; (2018) Confronting an “axis of Cyber, , Rugge, F. (Ed.), China, Iran, North Korea, Russia in Cyberspace. Milano: Ledizioni LediPublishing; Rugge, F. (2018b). “Mind hacking”: Information warfare in the cyber age. Italian Institute for International Political Studies, No.319. https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/mind-hacking-inf ormation-warfare-cyber-age-19414. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; Shapiro, A.L., The disappearance of cyberspace and the rise of code. 8 Seton Hall Const (1998) L.J., 703, pp. 715-723; Sun, M. (2014). Balance of power theory in today’s international system. E-International Relations, February 12, 2014. https://www.e-ir.info/2014/02/12/balance-of-power-theory-in-todays-intern ational-system/. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; U.S. Cyber Command. (2018). Achieve and maintain cyberspace superiority: Command vision for U.S. Cyber Command. https://www.cybercom.mil/Portals/56/Documents/USCYBERCOM% 20Vision%20April%202018.pdf?ver=2018-06-14-152556-010. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; White House, U.S., (2003) The National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace. Department of Homeland Security, , https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/cyberspace:strategy. pdf. Accessed 13 Aug 2020; U.S. White House. (2014). Statement by the president on the cybersecurity framework. Feb 12, 2014. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/02/12/statement-presid ent-cybersecurity-framework. Accessed 13 Aug 2020},
correspondence_address1={Spagnol, G.; Force Readiness, Belgium; email: bassano1052@yahoo.it},
publisher={Springer},
issn={16135113},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Sci. Tech. Sec. Appl.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dominguez2021269,
author={Dominguez, R.},
title={The Euand Mexico: The strategic partnership in the context of the global agreement},
journal={European Union in International Affairs},
year={2021},
pages={269-288},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-66061-1_12},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102349290&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-66061-1_12&partnerID=40&md5=2c2d267f9239ac848cfe241abe67bff6},
affiliation={Suffolk University, Boston, MA, United States},
abstract={This chapter argues that the EU-Mexico relationship has been resilient to the challenges posed by regional and global transformations since the mid-1990s. Even before the implementation of EU Strategic Partnerships with several countries worldwide, Mexico and the EU had concluded an Association Agreement in 1997 to face trade deviations produced by NAFTA and address the need for bilateral strategic coordination in the context of the uncertainties of the end of the Cold War. In the 2000s, the EU Strategic Partnership with Mexico was added to the bilateral framework of cooperation to reinforce areas of communication and coordination. In the early 2010s, the SP and the GA provided a framework for revisiting the bilateral relationship in light of the challenges derived from the increasing role of China in global trade, the slow growth of the global economy after the 2008 recession, and the emergence of areas such as environment that gained a more prominent role in the international agenda. The negotiations for the modernization of the EU-Mexico Global Agreement started in 2016 and concluded in 2020. The process of ratification and implementation is expected to occur in 2021. In this regard, the SP and the GA are two pillars that have provided the EU-Mexico relationship with tools to respond to a more competitive economy and a more challenging international agenda. © The Author(s) under, exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.},
author_keywords={Agreement;  Agreement;  And;  Canada;  Clause;  Democratic;  Dialogues;  Global;  High-level;  Mexico;  Multilateralism;  States;  United},
references={Bosse, G., Korosteleva-Polglase, E., Changing Belarus?: The Limits of EU Governance in Eastern Europe and the Promise of Partnership. Cooperation and Conflict (2009) Journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, 44 (2), pp. 143-165; Cîrlig, C.-C., EU Strategic Partnerships with Third Countries (2012) Library of the European Parliament, , September 26), Brussels; Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy—Providing Security in a Changing World (2008) Council of the European Union, , December 11); (2010) Mexico-European Union Strategic Partnership Joint Executive Plan, , Spain: Comillas; Del Río, F., Saavedra Cinta, R., Modernización de los capítulos de diálogo político y cooperación del Acuerdo Global México-Unión Europea (2018) Revista Mexicana De Política Exterior, 112, pp. 33-48. , enero-abril; (2016) Visit of Federica Mogherini, Vice-President of the EC, to Mexico, , Mexico City; Trade, D.G., (2019) Mexico. EU Bilateral Trade and Trade with the World, , Brussels: European Commission; Dominguez, R., The European Union and Mexico: Discovering the new South of North America (2003) Centro De Estudios Europeos-Unam, 1 (2); Dominguez, R., (2014) The Modernisation of the European Union-Mexico ‘Global Agreement’, , Brussels: European Parliament; Dominguez, R., (2015) EU Foreign Policy Towards Latin America, , New York: Palgrave; (2015) Ex-Post Evaluation of the Implementation of the Eu-Mexico Free Trade Agreement: Interim Technical Report, , Rotterdam: ECORYS Nederland BV; (2017) EU Annual Report on Human Rights and Democracy in the World in 2017, , Brussels: EEAS; (2017) EU Annual Report on Human Rights and Democracy in the World in 2017: Country Reports Compilation, , Brussels: EEAS; (2018) Mexico and the European Union Reaffirm Their Commitment to Human Rights (Joint Press Release), , October 26; (2019) EU and Mexico Hold High Level Meeting on Multilateral Affairs (Press Release), , November 14; (2019) The European Union’s Global Strategy Three Years On, Looking Forward, , Brussels: EEAS; (2019) Iniciativa De Diálogo Entre Think Tanks De La Unión Europea Y México Celebra El Segundo Encuentro, , November 29, News Stories; Emerson, M., Flores, R., (2013) Enhancing the Brazil-Eu Strategic Partnership—From the Bilateral and Regional to the Global, , Brussels: Center for European Policy Studies; Espana Arrieta, O., El Acuerdo de Asociacion entre Mexico y la Union Europea: Nuevas oportunidades o nuevos retos (2007) A Siete Anos De La Firma Del Acuerdo Entre Mexico Y La Union Europea, pp. 111-137. , J. Arroyo Alejandre, M. Romero Morett, C. Diaz Barrado, & O. Espana Arrieta (Eds.), Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara; (2018) Joint Declaration of the 25Th Eu-Mexico Joint Parliamentary Committee, , July 11-12; Eu-Mexico, J.P.C., (2013) Draft Minutes of the 16Th Meeting of the Eu-Mexico JPC, , Strasbourg: European Parliament; (2018), Brussels; (2019) EU Trade Agreements: Delivering New Opportunities in Times of Global Economic Uncertainties, , October 14), News Archive. DG Trade; Ferreira-Pereira, L.C., The European Union’s Partnership Policy Towards Brazil: More Than Meets the Eye (2016) Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29 (1), pp. 55-77; Ferreira-Pereira, L., Guedes Vieira, A.V., Introduction: The European Union’s Strategic Partnerships: Conceptual Approaches, Debates and Experiences (2016) Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29 (1), pp. 3-17; Harte, R., Modernisation of the Trade Pillar of the EU-Mexico Global Agreement (2018) Briefing International Agreements in Progress, , European Parliamentary Research Service (Ed.), Brussels: European Parliament; Hurd, I., Legitimacy and Contestation in Global Governance: Revisiting the Folk Theory of International Institutions (2019) The Review of International Organizations, 14, pp. 717-729; Kavalski, E., The EU-India Strategic Partnership: Neither Very Strategic, Nor Much of a Partnership (2016) Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29 (1), pp. 192-208; Le Clercq Ortega, J.A., Rodríguez Sánchez Lara, G., (2017) Global Impunity Dimensions: Global Impunity Index 2017 (GII-2017), , Puebla: Fundacion Universidad de Las Americas; (2020) United States, , Washington, DC; Renard, T., (2015) The EU’s Strategic Partnership Agreements: Balancing Geo-Economics and Geopolitics, , June 9), Commentaries; Rodríguez-Piñero Fernández, I., (2018) Legislative Train Schedule of the European Parliament, , Brussels: European Parliamentary Research Service; (2019) Comercio Exterior/Países Con Tratados Y Acuerdos Firmados Con México, , Secretaría de Economía, mayo 8; (2019) Mexico and EU Reaffirm Commitment to Strategic Partnership, , September 11, Mexico City; (2019) Mexico and the EU as Strategic Partners, , December 1, Mexico City; (2019), Mexico City; Snyder, J., (2019) The Broken Bargain: How Nationalism Came Back, , March/April, Foreign Affairs; (2018), Mexico City; Titievskaia, J., Pietsch, M., (2018) United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA): Potential Impact on EU Companies, , At a Glance. Brussels: European Parliamentary Research Service; Villarreal, M.A., (2017) Mexico’s Free Trade Agreements, , Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service; Whitehead, L., Pobre México, tan lejos de Noordwijk: Las relaciones políticas entre México y la Unión Europea vistas desde Europa (1997) La Unión Europea Y México: La Nueva relación política Y económica, pp. 35-65. , Madrid: IRELA},
correspondence_address1={Dominguez, R.; Suffolk UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26625911},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={European Union Int. Aff.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Savchenko20211533,
author={Savchenko, A.V. and Antonov, S.A. and Katalkina, M.Y.},
title={Geodigital Interests of Russia in the Twenty-First Century},
journal={Studies in Systems, Decision and Control},
year={2021},
volume={314},
pages={1533-1542},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-56433-9_159},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102300627&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-56433-9_159&partnerID=40&md5=2c5ede3c4d7bdb1f409b63f2eaa9dd28},
affiliation={State University of Management, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={The paper presents an analysis of geopolitical interests of Russia in respect of the conditions of digital economy development throughout the world and identifies the measures for maintenance of national security at the level of state policy, which include: (1) The theoretical and methodological block that proposes the introduction into the scientific circulation of the new concept of “geo-digital interests”, which allows to define them in relation to the strategy of public administration in Russia. The authors proposed the basic principles for identifying Russian geo-digital interests, and also considered measures to correct the development strategy of the Russian digital economy in terms of supporting the domestic digital industry based on a synthesis of foreign experience and their own scientific, technical and strategic developments. (2) The organizational and economic block, within the framework of which it’s recommended to provide in state programs of socio-economic development of Russia targeted funding for the training of digital consultants, aimed at improving the innovativeness and efficiency of managerial, supporting and production processes in organizations, through the targeted implementation of digital tools. One of the original solutions proposed by the authors to increase the competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises is the organization of “living offices”, units that rely on the effectiveness of their activities on human potential. (3) Support for positive social and creative trends emerging in Russia in recent years, which include increased investment in the educational and technological areas, stimulation of publication and patent activity, and support for the Russian socio-cultural space. One of the main results of the work is the scientific position that in order to protect Russia’s geo-digital interests during the transformation of the global economy, financial assistance at the level of state programs is necessary for the socio-economic development of public and private enterprises, through the formation and implementation of their human potential. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Digital industry (industry);  Digital war;  Geo-digital interests of russia;  Geopolitics;  Human potential;  Living offices of industrial enterprises;  Principles for developing geo-digital interests},
references={Bell, D.: The Coming of Post-industrial Society: A Venture of Social Forecasting. Basic Books, New York (1973). ISBN 0-465-01281-7; Schults, T.U., (1963) The Economic Value of Education, , Columbia University Press, New York; Zaslavskaya, T.I., Human potential in the modern transformation process (2005) Obshchestvennye Nauki I Sovremennost, 3, pp. 5-16; Soboleva, I.V., (2007) Human Potential of the Russian Economy. Problems of Retention and Development, p. 202p. , Nauka, Moscow; Annual Report of ITU 2018: Interactive Version. International Telecommunication Union, , https://www.itu.int/ru/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed, Oct 2019; Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 203 of 09.05.2017: On the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030. Official Web Portal of Legal Information “State Legal Information System”. URL: http://publication. pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201705100002. Accessed 17 Oct 2019; Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1632-R of July 28, 2017. Government of the Russian Federation. URL: http://government.ru/projects/selection/743/28653. Accessed 15 Oct 2019; Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 490 of 10.10.2019: On the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation. Publication Number: 0001201910110003 Publication Date: 11 Oct 2019. Official Web Portal of Legal Information “State Legal Information System”. URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201910110003. Accessed 18 Oct 2019; Podtserob, M.: What digital projects Russian companies are involved in ? Vedomosti, 4 Dec 2019 (2019). Access mode: https://www.vedomosti.ru/management/articles/2019/12/04/817 894-kakimi-tsifrovimi. Accessed 11 Feb 2020; Web Portal of Federal National Educational Standards of Higher Education, Order No. 682N of 31.10.2018 on approval of the professional standard “Digital Literacy Development Advisor (Digital Mentor)”, Access mode: http://fgosvo.ru/news/5/3901. Accessed 11 Feb 2020; Surinov, A.E., (2018) Russian Static Yearbook, , Rosstat, Moscow; MISYS: Moscow, News of 01.10.2019. Dmitry Peskov: Digital University is more than just online courses (2019). Available at https://misis.ru/university/news/5-100/2019-10/6275/. Accessed 11 Feb 2020; The consulting services of the Digital Economy Development Foundation “Digital Platforms” as of 11.02.2020 are available at: http://fidp.ru/consult. Accessed 11 Feb 2020; Cornell University, INSEAD Business School and WIPO: Global Innovation Index 2019: Creating a healthy lifestyle of future medical innovations existing in https://www.globalinn ovationindex.org/gii-2019-report (2019). Accessed 10 Feb 2020; Federal State Statistics Service: Official statistics (2018). Available at https://eng.gks.ru/folder/11335. Accessed 10 Feb 2020; European Commission: The number of researchers (men and women) in the public (GOV, HES) and private (BEST, PNP) sectors (2018). Available at https://rio.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/stats/num ber-researchers-male-female-sector-public-and-private. Accessed 10 Feb 2020; Indicators of Digital Economy: The statistical compendium of the Higher School of Economics (2019). https://www.hse.ru/primarydata/ice2019. Accessed 05 Nov 2019; Advantages of the Single Digital Space of the EEU/Eurasian Research (2017). URL: http://eur asian-studies.org/archives/4312. Accessed 14 Sept 2019; Rumyantseva, I.A., Savchenko, A.V., Important Aaspects of Modern Economic Development: Cooperation and Latent Management/A Monograph, 317p. Publishing House of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “The State University of Management” (2010) Moscow; The Imperative of Social Progress: Index of Social Progress 2019 (2019). Available at: https://www.socialprogress.org. Accessed 10 Feb 2020; UN Development Programme: Global Human Development Report “Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical update (2018). Available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf. Accessed 10 Feb 2020},
correspondence_address1={Savchenko, A.V.; State University of ManagementRussian Federation; email: iso90002000@mail.ru},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={21984182},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Stud. Syst. Decis. Control},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2021iii,
title={Correction to: Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis and Changing Welfare Regimes (Journal of Asian Public Policy, (2021), 10.1080/17516234.2020.1861722)},
journal={Journal of Asian Public Policy},
year={2021},
volume={14},
number={1},
pages={iii},
doi={10.1080/17516234.2021.1872223},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101448328&doi=10.1080%2f17516234.2021.1872223&partnerID=40&md5=028077f788438cd37ead65ed81048f28},
abstract={The above article was first published online without including the author “Tauchid Komara Yuda”. The author has therefore been added and the article re-published online. Furthermore, the below references were also added. World Bank (2020) COVID-19 to plunge global economy into worst recession since World War II, The World Bank, retrieved from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/06/08/covid-19-to-plunge-global-economy-into-worst-recession-since-world-war-ii. Access on 11 November 2020. Yuda, T.K. (2019) Re-examining the institutional layering of social policy configuration in Indonesia, Journal of Asian Public Policy, 13 (3), 353-365. Yuda, T.K. (2020) Indonesia’s emerging welfare regime depiction during COVID-19 outbreaks, Unpublished manuscript under review. Yuda, T.K., Damanik, J. and Nurhadi (2020) Examining emerging social policy during COVID-19 in Indonesia and the case for a community-based support system, Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, published online on 8 November 2020. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={17516234},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Asian Public Policy},
document_type={Erratum},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ganichev202111,
author={Ganichev, N.A. and Koshovets, O.B.},
title={Forcing the Digital Economy: How will the Structure of Digital Markets Change as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic},
journal={Studies on Russian Economic Development},
year={2021},
volume={32},
number={1},
pages={11-22},
doi={10.1134/S1075700721010056},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101393603&doi=10.1134%2fS1075700721010056&partnerID=40&md5=3194beef23ddbc5f402db1e8b025985c},
affiliation={Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation},
abstract={Abstract: Could the forced digitalization of multiple spheres of human life caused by the coronavirus pandemic lead to radical changes in the global and Russian economies? How and to what extent have ubiquitous lockdowns affected the digital transformation? The new model of the digital economy growth, formed during the ongoing crisis, actually contributes to the accelerated development of secondary digital infrastructure (platforms and artificial intelligence technologies) through the creation of mass markets, the noticeably higher consumption in the field of ICT services, and the redistribution of a significant part of resources from other sectors. However, this digital forcing, within the framework of which traditional industries were placed in a deliberately losing situation due to artificially created circumstances, is taking place during a fundamental structural crisis of the global economy. Therefore, unlike the technological revolutions of the past, this one will have serious objective limitations associated with narrowed opportunities for the development of the primary digital infrastructure, without which extensive development of digital services and markets is impossible. In addition, further implementation of the adopted model of building a digital economy, based on the collection and processing of big data, is fundamentally impossible outside globalization processes and implies a significant imbalance between the new “world technological center” (the United States and China, who, however, are in a state of trade war) and the “world technological periphery.” For most other countries, including Russia, it means the need to “fit” into one of the two currently possible peripheral contours of the global digital transformation. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.},
author_keywords={5G networks;  artificial intelligence;  coronavirus;  COVID-19 pandemic;  digital economy;  digital platforms;  digital transformation;  ICT;  microelectronics},
references={(2009) ICT for Economic Growth: A Dynamic Ecosystem Driving the Global Recovery, , Davos; (2019) Value Creation and Capture: Implications for Developing Countries, , Digital Economy Report, (UNCTAD, 2019); (1998), 3. , http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=2, Rev., United Nations, New York; Bukht, R., Heeks, R., Defining, conceptualising and measuring the digital economy (2017) Int. Organ. Res. J., 13, pp. 143-172; (2019) Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future, , https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264311992-en, OECD Publ, Paris; (2020) Research of RAEC: Runet Economy in the Era of COVID-19—Growing and Transforming, , https://raec.ru/live/raec-news/11580/; Ganichev, N.A., Koshovets, O.B., How to calculate digital economy: Between reality and construct (2020) EKO, No., 2, pp. 8-36; Schwab, K., (2017) The Fourth Industrial Revolution, , Portfolio Penguin, London, 2017; E, Moscow; Ruttan, V.W., (2006) Is War Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technology Development, , Oxford Univ. Press, New York; Ganichev, N.A., Koshovets, O.B., Accelerated development of microelectronics and ICT and the fourth industrial revolution (2017) Elektron.: Nauka, Tekhnol., Biz, (10), pp. 140-145. , ., No; Ganichev, N.A., Koshovets, O.B., Integrating Russia into the global project of digital transformation: Opportunities, problems and risks (2019) Stud. Russ. Econ. Dev., 30, pp. 627-636; Betelin, V.B., Challenges and opportunities in forming a digital economy in Russia (2018) Herald Russ. Acad. Sci., 88, pp. 1-6; Chen, K., (2020) Global Top Ten IC Foundries Ranked for 1Q19, , https://www.trendforce.com/presscenter/news/20190318-10113.html, with TSMC Expected to Reach 48.1% Market Share; (2020) Worldwide Semiconductor Sales Decrease 12 Percent to $ 412 Billion in 2019, , https://www.semiconductors.org/worldwide-semiconductor-sales-decrease-12-percent-to-412-billion-in-2019/; Bakhur, V., Microprocessors are promised a bleak future without a single gap (2019) Cnews, , http://cnews.ru/link/n462751; D’yachenko, O.V., Industrial relations in the context of the transition to a digital economy,” Vestn. Chelyab. Gos. Univ., Ekon (2018) Nauki, No., 12, pp. 7-18; Srnicek, N., (2019) Platform Capitalism, , (John Wiley & Sons, 2017; Izd. Dom Vyssh. Shk. Ekon., Moscow,); Fujii, H., Managi, S., (2017) Trends and Priority Shifts in Artificial Intelligence Technology Invention: A Global Patent Analysis, , https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/17e066.pdf, RIETI; Ford, M., Architects of Intelligence: The Truth about AI from the People Building It (Packt Publ (2020) Ltd, 2018. , Piter, St. Petersburg; Sondergaard, P., Did digital die (2019) The Sondergaard Group, , https://www.sondergaardgroup.com/post/did-digital-die; (2017) Jack Ma Says Stop Looking to Manufacturing Growth for jobs,” Bloomberg, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-20/jack-ma-says-stop-looking-to-manufacturing-growth-for-jobs; Kodachigov, V., (2020) Coronavirus Accelerated Digitalization of Economy 10 Times, , https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/characters/2020/04/12/827841koronavirus-uskoril-tsifrovizatsiyu-ekonomiki, Vedomosti; Columbus, L., How COVID-19 is transforming e-commerce (2020) Forbes, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2020/04/28/how-covid-19-is-transforminge-commerce/#78a921433544; (2020) Tale of Two Crises: Billionaires Gain as Workers Feel Pandemic pain,” Americans for Tax Fairness and Institute for Policy Studies, , https://americansfortaxfairness.org/issue/taletwocrises-billionaires-gain-workers-feel-pandemic-pain/; Antalya Summit (2015) 2015-11; Shestoperov, D., (2020) Invulnerable Gostekh, , https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4373314, Kommersant, June 9; Klein, N., Screen new deal. Under cover of mass death, Andrew Cuomo calls in the billionaires to build a high-tech dystopia (2020) The Intercept, , https://theintercept.com/2020/05/08/andrew-cuomo-eric-schmidt-coronavirus-tech-shock-doctrine/; Sui, L., Global smartphone shipments fall 17 percent in Q1 2020,” (2020) Strategy Anal, , https://www.strategyanalytics.com/strategy-analytics/blogs/devices/smartphones/smart-phones/2020/04/30/globalsmartphoneshipments-fall-17-percent-in-q1-2020, ., Apr. 30 (,); Global PC market Q1 2020 (2020) Canalys, , https://canalys.com/newsroom/global-pc-market-Q12020-COVID19; (2020) Gartner Says Global IT Spending to Decline 8% in 2020 due to Impact of COVID-19, , https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-05-13-gartner-says-globalit-spending-to-decline-8-percent-in-2020-due-to-impact-of-covid19; Hamilton, E., Over a year later, Intel’s CPU shortage is expected to last ‘another quarter or two’ (2019) Techspot, , https://www.techspot.com/news/82415-over-year-later-intelcpushortage-expected-last.html; Drozdiak, N., Shaw, L., YouTube, Netflix cut stream quality in Europe to ease networks (2020) Bloomberg, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-19/netflix-tocutstreaming-traffic-in-europe-to-relieve-networks; Reinsel, D., Gantz, J., Rydning, J., (2018) The Digitization of the World from Edge to Core, , IDC, Framingham; (2020) GSMA Intelligence Report; Isaev, A., (2020) Development of 5G Will Seriously Slow down due to COVID-19, p. 1informer. , https://1informer.com/internet/razvitie-5g-seryozno-zamedlitsya-iz-za-covid-19-15523; Central SOEs make big investment in 5G, UHV construction (2020) SASAC, , http://en.sasac.gov.cn/2020/03/20/c_4239.html; (2018) We are Here to Create. a Conversation with Kai-Fu Lee,” Edge, , https://www.edge.org/conversation/kai_fu_lee-we-are-here-to-create},
correspondence_address1={Ganichev, N.A.; Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Federation; email: helzerr@yandex.ru},
publisher={Pleiades journals},
issn={10757007},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Stud. Russ. Econ. Dev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Korostelkina2021195,
author={Korostelkina, I. and Varaksa, N. and Korostelkin, M. and Vasilyeva, M.},
title={Financial Market in the Period of the Pandemic: Trends and Forecasts},
journal={Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems},
year={2021},
volume={186},
pages={195-204},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-66093-2_19},
note={cited By 1; Conference of International Conference on Comprehensible Science, ICCS 2020 ; Conference Date: 30 October 2020 Through 31 October 2020;  Conference Code:254309},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101351972&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-66093-2_19&partnerID=40&md5=0b68f5d4a34cc3b0242bec395d025aa8},
affiliation={Orel State University, Naugorskoe Highway, 40, Orel, 302020, Russian Federation},
abstract={The modern world at the end of 2019 faced an unprecedented shock-the coronavirus pandemic, which affected all spheres of society and the world economy. The global financial market, which has been significantly affected by the pandemic, is no exception. Many scientists and financiers around the world compare the current situation with the great depression and the consequences of World War II. The world is just beginning to calculate the real losses from the coronavirus epidemic. Most national economies forecast a severe recession in 2020, with global losses of about 3%. With a decrease in macroeconomic indicators, the stock market during the active phase of the pandemic shows growth. The specificity of stock markets is that they are not a mirror image of the state of the economy: index peaks usually occur just before the start of a recession, and index growth is usually an advance process that begins before economic growth begins. The article raises topical issues of COVID-19’s influence on global financial markets. The aim of this article is to review the dynamics of the main stock market indices, determine the reasons for the deterioration of economic development with the application of the world’s best management practices, and evaluate the measures of financial regulators for the growth of the financial market. The methodological tools of this research are General and particular research methods, methods and tools for graphical interpretation, comparative analysis, and related changes. The article gives a theoretical overview of the research of the problem, retrospective analysis of the impact of a pandemic on financial markets, examines the major stock market indices and forecasts for the global economy, the monetary actions of Central banks to stabilize the economic situation. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Dollar exchange rate;  Financial market;  Global economy;  MICEX index;  Pandemic;  RGBi index;  RTSi index;  Ruble exchange rate;  S&P500 index;  Volatility},
references={Basnukaev, M.Sh., Popova, L.V., Korostelkina, I.A., Dedkova, E.G., Bisultanov, A.N., (2018) Research on Opportunities and Development Drivers for the Digital Economy, , Conference «The European proceedings of social & behavioural sciences EPSBS» SCTCGM 2018 – Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism (Grozny, 2018, November 01–03). Conference Chair(s): Bataev Dena Karim-Sultanovich – Doctor of Engineering Sciences, professor, director of the Complex Scientific Research Institute n. a. H.I. Ibragimov of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – Grozny: Published by the Future Academy, pp. 193–200; Pshenichnaya, V.P., Grebennikova, M.Y., Trends in the development of the world financial market (2016) Bull. Ural Inst. Econ. Manag. Law, 3, pp. 4-10; Coronavirus-The First Pandemic that Brought down Stock Markets, , https://dev.by/news/istoriya-vliyaniya-epidemii-i-pandemii-na-fondovye-rynki; Klepach, A.N., Consequences of the Pandemic for the Russian Economy, , https://zen.yandex. ru/media/id/5e274bc843863f00acd7ed97/posledstviia-pandemii-dlia-rossiiskoi-ekonomiki-5eda140901587e1eb3b15711; Korostelkina, I., Vasilyeva, M., Popova, L., Korostelkin, M., Strengthening the state’s economic security in the tax sphere: Problems and prospects of the Russian Federation (2020) International Conference on Integrated Science in Digital Age ICIS 2020: Integrated Science in Digital Age 2020, pp. 221-232. , , pp; Grigoriev, L., Salikhov, M., Financial crisis-2008: Entering a global recession (2008) Econ. Issue, (12), pp. 27-45; Oztek, M.F., Ocal, N., Financial crisis and the nature of correlation between commodity and stock markets (2017) Int. Rev. Econ. Finan., 48, pp. 56-68; Ilyina, K.A., Analysis of the risk of financial crisis in Russia (2015) ECO, 3, pp. 146-154; Bernanke, B.S.: Causes of the recent financial and economic crisis. Statement before the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, Washington, 2 (2010). https://www.federalreserve. gov/newsevents/testimony/bernanke20100902a.htm; Grigoriev, L.M., Pavlushina, V.A., Muzychenko, E.E., Fall into global recession in 2020 (2020) Econ. Issue, 5, pp. 5-24; Stückelberger, C., Post-corona world: Balancing international cooperation and national sovereignty (2020) J. Law Adm., 16, pp. 10-17; Vorontsova, G.V., Karlov, D.I., Prospects for the development of the world financial system in modern conditions (2020) Fundam. Res., 5, pp. 45-53; Komarov, A.D., Financial markets of Russia and prospects for their development in modern conditions (2018) Econ. Bus. Cans, 1, pp. 185-193; Mashkina, N.A., Aseev, O.V., Chernykh, N.B., International financial markets. Features of the Russian financial market (2018) Bull. Kursk State Agric. Acad., 9, pp. 272-279; Barinov, E.A., Coronavirus: Impact on the economy and financial markets (2020) Entrep. Guide, (2), pp. 111-118; Salaev, D.S., Investments in 2020 and measures to prevent threats of uncertainty (2020) ISJ Theor. Appl. Sci., 4, pp. 828-832; Zheliba, B., Rahal, F., Financial results of stock market of the Gulf State cooperation: A comparative study (2019) Econ. Manag. Innov., 2, pp. 69-76; Tarakanov, S.I., Increased volatility of stock markets against the background of instability of financial markets (2019) Entrep. Guide, 44, pp. 193-201; Gorlovskaya, I.G., Development of tools for regulating professional activity in the securities market in the conditions of mega regulation of Russian financial markets (2018) Bull. Omsk Univ. Ser. «Econ., 4, pp. 23-33; Fielding, D., Rewilak, J., Credit booms, financial fragility and banking crises (2015) Econ. Lett., 136, pp. 233-236; Bulletin of the prospects for the development of the world economy of the International Monetary Fund, June 2020. https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2020/Update/June/Russian/WEORUS202006.ashx?la=ru; 22. Information message of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation «On the mechanism of the budget rule when oil prices fall below the base level», 9 March 2020. https://www.minfin.ru/ru/press-center/?id_4=36986-informatsionnoe_soobshchenie; Central Bank: The Russian Economy Faced an Unprecedented Shock due to The COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://1prime.ru/state_regulation/20200528/831532645.html; (2020) Information and Analytical Material of the Bank of Russia «Review of Financial stability», , https://cbr.ru/Collection/Collection/File/25489/OFS_19-02.pdf; The Bank of Russia approved measures to support citizens, the economy and the financial sector in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. https://cbr.ru/press/PR/?file=20032020_ 133645if2020-03-20T13_36_08.htm},
correspondence_address1={Korostelkina, I.; Orel State University, Naugorskoe Highway, 40, Russian Federation; email: cakyra_04@mail.ru},
editor={Antipova T.},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={23673370},
isbn={9783030660925},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lect. Notes Networks Syst.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hinrichsen202195,
author={Hinrichsen, S.},
title={The Iraq sovereign debt restructuring},
journal={Capital Markets Law Journal},
year={2021},
volume={16},
number={1},
pages={95-114},
doi={10.1093/cmlj/kmaa031},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100884136&doi=10.1093%2fcmlj%2fkmaa031&partnerID=40&md5=1cca5f5f68d5493053d148773f3107d0},
affiliation={Department of Economic History, London School of Economics, United Kingdom; Sampension},
abstract={Iraq was the most indebted nation in the world when the USA and its Coalition partners invaded on 19 March 2003.1 Iraqi indebtedness was a result of debts incurred as part of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and crippling economic sanctions imposed during the 1990s. In early 2003, the US government backed one of the largest sovereign debt restructurings in history to help reintegrate Iraq into the global economy. Getting rid of the debt burden was required to facilitate trade and avoid attachment of assets by creditors. The restructuring was a political process, setting it apart from most restructurings in the 1990s and 2000s, which were creditor-friendly affairs. This article details and analyses the Iraq sovereign debt restructuring and shows how it managed to inflict harsh terms on its creditors. © The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Buchheit, Lee, Gulati, Mitu, Restructuring Sovereign Debt after NML v. Argentina (2017) Capital Markets Law Journal, 12 (2), p. 224. , eg; Fang, Chuck, Schumacher, Julian, Trebesch, Christoph, Restructuring Sovereign Bonds: Holdouts, Haircuts and the Effectiveness of CACs (2020) ECB Working Paper Series 2366; Iraq: Use of Fund Resources-Request for Emergency Post-Conflict Assistance (2004), The IMF, (29 September) IMF Country Report 04/325, 29; Momani, Bessma, Garrib, Aidan, Iraq's Tangled Web of Debt Restructuring (2010) From Desolation to Reconstruction: Iraq's Troubled Journey, pp. 155-174. , M Lamani and B Momani (eds); Weiss, Martin A, Iraq's Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications (2011) CRS Report for Congress, p. 15; Hinrichsen, Simon, Tracing Iraqi Sovereign Debt Through Defaults and Restructuring (2019) LSE Economic History Working Papers, p. 304; Blau, Justine, Where Are Saddam's Billions? (2003), https://www.cbsnews.com/news/where-are-saddams-billions/, Saddam's personal net wealth was estimated at somewhere from 2 to 40 billion dollars, CBS News (11 April) accessed 29 September 2020; Lienau, Odette, (2014) Rethinking Sovereign Debt: Politics, Reputation, and Legitimacy in Modern Finance, , The historical norm of continuous repayment is well covered in Harvard University Press; Roos, Jerome, (2019) Why Not Default? The Political Economy of Sovereign Debt, , Princeton University Press; Jayachandran, Seema, Kremer, Michael, Odious Debt (2006) American Economic Review, 96 (1), p. 82; King, Jeff, (2016) The Doctrine of Odious Debt in International Law: A Restatement, , eg (1st edn) Cambridge University Press; Choi, Stephen J, Gulati, Mitu, Customary International Law: How Do Courts Do It? (2016) Custom's Future: International Law in a Changing World, pp. 117-147. , Changing international law occasionally happens but needs support from powerful nations, in Curtis A Bradley (eds); Gelpern, Anna, Sovereign Debt: Now What? (2016) Yale Journal of International Law, 41, pp. 45-95. , 41; Mitchener, Kris J, Weidenmier, Marc D, Supersanctions and Sovereign Debt Repayment (2010) Journal of International Money and Finance, 29 (1), p. 19. , Before the twentieth century, it was more common to enforce debt by sanctions or 'gunboat diplomacy eg; Weidemaier, Mark C, Sovereign Immunity and Sovereign Debt (2014) University of Illinois Law Review, p. 67; Gelpern, Anna, What Iraq and Argentina Might Learn from Each Other (2005) Chicago Journal of International Law, 6 (1), p. 391; Sgard, Jérôme, How the IMF Did It-Sovereign Debt Restructuring Between 1970 and 1989 (2016) Capital Markets Law Journal, 11 (1), p. 103; Gelpern, Anna, Zettelmeyer, Jeromin, CACs and Doorknobs (2020) Capital Markets Law Journal, 15 (1), p. 98. , for an overview and description of CACs; Laskaridis, Christina, Legrand, Nathan, Toussaint, Eric, Historical Perspectives on Current Struggles Against Illigitimate Debt (2020) The Routledge International Handbook of Financialization, pp. 482-493. , Philip Mader, Daniel Mertens Natascha van der Zwan (eds); Gelpern, Anna, (2010) Debt and the People, Part II: The Hot... and Concluding Disquietudes, , https://www.creditslips.org/creditslips/2010/03/debt-and-the-people-part-ii-the-hot-disquietude.html, (Credit Slips) accessed 8 January 2020; (2008) Internal Auditing Commission for Public Credit, Final Report of the Integral Auditing of the Ecuadorian Debt; Feibelman, Adam, Ecuador's Sovereign Default: A Pyrrhic Victory for Odious Debt? (2010) Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 25 (7), p. 357; Porzecanski, Arturo C, When Bad Things Happen to Good Sovereign Debt Contracts: The Case of Ecuador (2010) Law and Contemporary Problems, 73 (4), p. 251; (2015) On Public Debt, Preliminary Report, , https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/8158407a-fc31-4ff2-a8d3-433701dbe6d4/Report_EN_final.pdf, The Truth Committee on Public Debt, accessed 1 October 2020; Buchheit, Lee C, person interview, , (1 May 2019 in New York). Recording on file; Pam, Jeremiah, person interview, , (7 May 2019 in Washington, DC). Recording on file; Nazareth Festekjian, in person interview, , (2 May 2019 in New York). Recording on file; Zelikow, Daniel, email correspondence, , (10 March 2020). Records on file; Marcus, Anthony, person interview, , (6 May 2019 in Washington, DC). Recording on file; Lowery, Clay, person interview, , (8 May 2019 in Washington, DC). 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Most institutions were located outside the relative safety of the Green Zone in Baghdad, an added security risk; Executive Order 13303: Protecting the Development Fund for Iraq and Certain Other Property in Which Iraq Has an Interest (2003), 68. , The President of the USA, [22 May] FR 31929; Buchheit, Lee C, Gulati, Mitu, Sovereign Debt Restructuring and US Executive Power (2019) Capital Markets Law Journal, 14 (1), p. 114; Kelly, Claire, The War on Jurisdiction: Troubling Questions About Executive Order 13303 (2004) Arizona Law Review, 46, pp. 46-483. , eg; Paras 12-21 in the draft resolution governing the Development Fund of Iraq, , https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/168/36079.html, accessed 29 September 2020 early drafts, it was called the Iraqi Assistance Fund; (2003), US House Resolution 198 (16 October), US 108th Congress; Club, Paris, (2003) Preliminary Discussion on the Situation of Iraq's Paris Club Debt, , also (Press Release, 24 April); Club, Paris, (2003) Paris Club Creditors Reviewed Iraq's Situation Towards Them, , (Press release, 10 July); Iraq: Systematic Country Diagnostic (2017) World Bank Report 112333-IQ, p. 76. , World Bank Group; Adams, Patricia, Iraq's Odious Debts (2004) Cato Policy Analysis, p. 526; Gelpern, Anna, Odious, Not Debt (2007) Law and Contemporary Problems, 70 (3), p. 81; Damle, Jai, The Odious Debt Doctrine after Iraq (2007) Law and Contemporary Problems, 70 (4), p. 139. , are examples of refereed articles; the June 2005 edition of Finance and Development, 42 (2). , For the current debate at the time, eg; Rajan, Raghuram, Straight Talk: Odious or Just Malodorous? (2004) Finance and Development, 41 (4); http://www.clubdeparis.org/en/communications/page/the-six-principles, accessed 26 July 2019; http://www.clubdeparis.org/en, accessed 22 May 2020; Cheng, Gong, Díaz-Cassou, Javier, Erce, Aitor, Official Debt Restructurings and Development (2018) World Development, 111, p. 181. , The Club is housed at the French Treasury in Paris. For a history of the Paris Club; http://www.clubdeparis.org/en/communications/page/evian-approach, accessed 23 July 2019; Stabilizing and Rebuilding Iraq: Iraqi Revenues, Expenditures, and Surplus (2008), Government Accountability Office, Report to Congressional Committees 08-1031, 2; Khalaf, Roula, Wallis, William, Harding, James, (2004) Iraq Debt Accord Ends US-Europe Stand-Off' Financial Times, , (front page of the print edition on 22 November); Club, Paris, (2004) The Paris Club and the Republic of Iraq Agree on Debt Relief, , (Press Release, 11 November); Sturzenegger, Federico, Zettelmeyer, Jeromin, Haircuts: Estimating Investor Losses in Sovereign Debt Restructurings, 1998-2005 (2008) Journal of International Money and Finance, 27 (5), p. 780; Kelleners, Martin, Performance and Budget Modernization-the German Experience (2012) Finance Ministry Presentation, Middle East and North Africa Senior Budget Officials, , http://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/D2-AM%20-%20Roundtable%20-%20M.%20KELLENERS%20-%20Germany%20(English).pdf, accessed 12 August 2019; (2011) Settlement of Claims of U.S. Victims of the Sad-dam Hussein Regime with the Government of Iraq, , https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/06/166691.htm, State Department, accessed 29 September 2020; (2017) Saudi Arabia Denies Writing off Iraq's Debt, , https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170331-saudi-arabia-denies-writing-off-iraqs-debt, Middle East Monitor, (31 March) accessed 29 September 2020; (2008) Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, Quarterly Report and Semi-annual Report to the United States Congress, p. 138; Acker, Kevin, Brautigam, Deborah, Huang, Yufan, Debt Relief with Chinese Characteristics (2020) Sais-Cari Working Paper Series, 39, p. 10; Dajani, Haneen, (2012) UAE Cancels Dh21bn of Debt Owed by Iraq, , https://www.thenational.ae/uae/uae-cancels-dh21bn-of-debt-owed-by-iraq-1.357148, (The National, 17 January) accessed 29 September 2020; Aman, Ayah, (2015) Egypt Forgives Iraqi Debt in Exchange for Oil, , https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/01/egypt-iraq-talks-agreement-debt-oil-military.html, (Al-Monitor, 23 January) accessed 29 September 2020; Club, Paris, (2008) The Paris Club Delivers the 3rd Phase of Debt Reduction for Iraq, , (Press release, 22 December); http://www.eyidro.com/recon-method.pdf, Reconciliation Methodology (ex C): accessed 23 July 2019; Chung, Joanna, Fidler, Stephen, (2006) Why Iraqi Debt Is No Longer a Write-off' Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/b94bccb4-14e7-11db-b391-0000779e2340, (16 July) accessed 29 September 2020; Marwah, Hanaan, Untangling Government, Market, and Investment Failure During the Nigerian Oil Boom: The Cement Armada Scandal 1974-1980 (2020) Business History, 62 (4), p. 566; (2008) Memorandum for Potential Holders of Claims, , Adopted from the Iraqi Ministry of Finance's, (30 January); (2006) Iraq Announces Conclusion of Commercial Debt Settlement, , Iraqi Ministry of Finance, (Press release, 18 July); (2006) Iraq Announces Terms of Commercial Debt Settlement Offer, , Iraqi Ministry of Finance, (Press release, 26 July); Buchheit, Lee C, Use of Creditor Committees in Sovereign Debt Workouts (2009) Business Law International, 10, p. 205; Annual Reports, Consolidated Financial Statements (2000-2005), , Banca Nazionale del Lavoro; Chung, Joanna, (2005) Iraqi Debt Restructuring Draws Complaints' Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/f2e6917c-7193-11da-836e-0000779e2340, (20 December) accessed 29 September 2020; Chung, Joanna, Balls, Andrew, (2005) Crucial Phase in Iraq Debt Restructuring Completed' Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/f23f8f60-73f2-11da-ab91-0000779e2340, (23 December) accessed 29 September 2020; Press releases announcing settlements and participation rates are available at the Debt Reconciliation Office, , http://www.eyidro.com, run by Ernst & Young: accessed 12 July 2019; http://www.clubdeparis.org/en/traitements/iraq-21-11-2004/en, the Paris Club website: accessed 15 July 2019; Galofré-Vilà, Gregori, (2019) 'The Economic Consequences of the 1953 London Debt Agreement', 23 (1). , and others; Boughton, James M, (2012) Tearing Down Walls, The International Monetary Fund 1990-1999; (2003) Proposed Features of a Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism, , https://www.imf.org/external/np/pdr/sdrm/2003/021203.pdf, IMF, (Prepared by the Legal and Policy Development and Review Departments) accessed 29 September 2020},
correspondence_address1={Hinrichsen, S.; Department of Economic History, United Kingdom; email: S.Hinrichsen@lse.ac.uk},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={17507219},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cap. Mark. Law J.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Taranov20202537,
author={Taranov, P.V. and Basenko, A.M. and Roshchina, L.N. and Kulikova, I.V. and Ukraintseva, I.V. and Samygin, S.I.},
title={Slowing of world economy growth: Analysis of key reasons},
journal={International Journal of Criminology and Sociology},
year={2020},
volume={9},
pages={2537-2542},
doi={10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.310},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099023704&doi=10.6000%2f1929-4409.2020.09.310&partnerID=40&md5=6c55c9e0f1cbd7e398471b0e3cc51b75},
affiliation={Rostov State Economic University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation},
abstract={The article is devoted to the analysis of the key reasons for the slowdown in the global economy. According to the analysis, the slowdown in the global economy is caused by the following seven key reasons: trade wars and the aggravation of trade relations in the international economic market; global instability and technological uncertainty; risks of increased financial uncertainty; the impossibility on the part of some countries to overcome the consequences of the global crisis and the sanctions policy of the West; reformatting of economic activity in a political manner; wave of debt accumulation in developing countries; slowdown in labor productivity growth. The authors conclude that the global economic slowdown trend has a long-term perspective. © 2020 Lifescience Global},
author_keywords={Economic slowdown;  Global economy;  Global uncertainty;  Key reasons;  Trade wars},
references={Amagayev, R.A., Risks and uncertainty of non-traditional monetary policy in changing economic realities / Russia in the global economy: new challenges and threats: Materials of a scientific conference (2019), pp. 10-18. , M. Рр; Chikaeva, K.S., Scherbakova, L.I., Karapetyan, E.A., Latysheva, A.T., Kosinov, S.S., Samygin, S.I., Social health of Russian youth: the specificity of social and managerial technologies of formation (2018) Revista San Gregorio, (27), pp. 300-309; Ershov, Yu.S., Why the growth rates of the world economy are falling. Point of view (2017) All-Russian economic journal ECO, (12), pp. 18-32; Fadeeva, I.S., Development of the world economy: dynamics, forecasts, risks and ways to overcome them (2019) Socioeconomic and humanitarian journal of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, (2), pp. 3-15; Gafiatulina, N.K., Tarasenko, L.V., Samygin, S.I., Eliseeva, S.Yu., Social health and perception of risks by students living in southern Russian regions (based on sociological questioning data obtained in Rostov-On-Don) (2017) Health risk analysis, (4), pp. 66-75. , https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2017.4.07, 2017; Idrisov, G.I., Knyaginin, V.N., Kudrin, A.L., Rozhkova, E.S., New technological revolution: challenges and opportunities for Russia (2018) Issues of Economics, (4), pp. 5-25. , https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-4-5-25, Р; Kovalenko, A.I., Features of financial risk management of international corporations (2016) Economics of sustainable development, 4 (28), pp. 36-44; Komkov, N.I., Dudin, M.N., Lyasnikov, N.V., Problems of economic development: factors and determinants (2015) MIR (Modernization. Innovations. Development), 2 (22), pp. 116-128. , https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2015.6.2.116.128, Pр; Laponogova, A.A., Bogodzhiyan, E.T., (2018) Development of International Financial Management in the Period of Global Instability / Modernization of the Russian Economy: Sectorial and Regional Aspects, pp. 260-263. , Rostov n D; Lutskaya, E.E., The main risks of the global economy in the short and medium term: forecasts of Western analysts (2019) Social and Human Sciences, 2, pp. 38-44. , Ser. Economics. Рр; Lyakin, A.N., Reasons for the stagnation of the Russian economy (2014) Problems of the modern economy, pp. 110-112. , Рр; Polonik, S.S., Khorobrykh, E.V., Litvinchuk, A.A., Trends in the world economy and development prospects (2016) Economic Bulletin of the University, 29, pp. 249-259. , 1; Ponomarev, I.E., Gafiatulina, N.K., Zritineva, E.I., Kasyanov, V.V., Bahutashyili, T.V., Ponomarev, P.A., The influence of social justice crisis on social health and spiritual security of young students (a case study of the south of Russia) (2019) International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 8 (2). , 1; Rodygina, N.Yu., Moleva, S.V., Musikhin, V.I., Logina, M.V., Brexit: the course of negotiations, prospects, economic assessment (2020) Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, (2), pp. 72-86; Rodrik, D., Premature deindustrialization (2016) Journal of Economic Growth, 21 (1), pp. 1-33. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-015-9122-3; Rogoff, K., (2019) Risks to the Global Economy in 2019 // Project syndicate, , https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/global-economy-main-risks-in-2019-by-kenneth-rogoff-2019-01?barrier=accesspaylog, Mode of access; Shakbanova, M.M., Gafiatulina, N.Kh., Samygin, S.I., Chapurko, T.M., Levaya, N.A., Bineeva, N.K., Youth of the South of Russia: Specifics of manifestation of ethnic identity (on the example of the Dagestan republic) (2018) Purusharta, 10 (2), pp. 111-119; Taranov, P.V., Popova, L.Kh., Kulikova, I.V., The world economy and features of its globalization // State and municipal management (2019) Scientists notes, pp. 146-150. , https://doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2019-1-1-146-150, No1. Рр; Taranov, P.V., Didenko, N.P., Samygin, S.I., The determinants of inhibition in the development of the global economy (according to the results of 2019) (2020) Humanitarian, socioeconomic and social sciences, (1); Taranov, P.V., Popova, L.Kh., Samygin, S.I., The global economic crisis and its impact on the Russian economy (2018) Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences, (7); Ternovskaya, A.D., Larina, A.A., Decrease in the rate of development of the world economy (2016) Young Scientist, pp. 559-561},
correspondence_address1={Taranov, P.V.; Rostov State Economic UniversityRussian Federation; email: taranov.pv@yahoo.com},
publisher={Lifescience Global},
issn={19294409},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Criminol. Sociol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saxena2020,
author={Saxena, A.},
title={Drug targets for COVID-19 therapeutics: Ongoing global efforts},
journal={Journal of Biosciences},
year={2020},
volume={45},
number={1},
doi={10.1007/s12038-020-00067-w},
art_number={87},
note={cited By 57},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087030930&doi=10.1007%2fs12038-020-00067-w&partnerID=40&md5=2e8802d4653d8182dcc8347cbd625039},
affiliation={Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, India},
abstract={The current global pandemic COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has already inflicted insurmountable damage both to the human lives and global economy. There is an immediate need for identification of effective drugs to contain the disastrous virus outbreak. Global efforts are already underway at a war footing to identify the best drug combination to address the disease. In this review, an attempt has been made to understand the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, and based on this information potential druggable targets against SARS-CoV-2 are summarized. Also, the strategies for ongoing and future drug discovery against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are outlined. Given the urgency to find a definitive cure, ongoing drug repurposing efforts being carried out by various organizations are also described. The unprecedented crisis requires extraordinary efforts from the scientific community to effectively address the issue and prevent further loss of human lives and health. © 2020, Indian Academy of Sciences.},
author_keywords={Coronavirus;  Covid-19;  drug discovery;  drug repurposing;  drug target;  SARS-CoV-2},
keywords={corticosteroid;  interferon;  lopinavir;  ribavirin;  ritonavir;  small interfering RNA;  viral protein;  virus enzyme;  angiotensin converting enzyme 2;  antivirus agent;  coronavirus spike glycoprotein;  corticosteroid;  dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase;  hydroxychloroquine;  immunologic factor;  spike protein, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19;  drug development;  drug prescribing;  future prospect;  viral disease, artificial intelligence;  clinical effectiveness;  coronavirus disease 2019;  disease transmission;  drug development;  drug effect;  drug efficacy;  drug mechanism;  drug repositioning;  drug response;  drug targeting;  endocytosis;  high throughput screening;  human;  molecular docking;  Review;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  virus classification;  virus entry;  virus envelope;  virus nucleocapsid;  virus replication;  Betacoronavirus;  Coronavirus infection;  disease exacerbation;  drug repositioning;  gene expression regulation;  genetics;  host pathogen interaction;  immunology;  molecularly targeted therapy;  pandemic;  pathogenicity;  procedures;  signal transduction;  virology;  virus pneumonia, Coronavirus;  SARS coronavirus, Adrenal Cortex Hormones;  Antiviral Agents;  Betacoronavirus;  Coronavirus Infections;  Disease Progression;  Drug Discovery;  Drug Repositioning;  Gene Expression Regulation;  Host-Pathogen Interactions;  Humans;  Hydroxychloroquine;  Immunologic Factors;  Molecular Docking Simulation;  Molecular Targeted Therapy;  Pandemics;  Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A;  Pneumonia, Viral;  Signal Transduction;  Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus},
chemicals_cas={lopinavir, 192725-17-0; ribavirin, 36791-04-5; ritonavir, 155213-67-5; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Antiviral Agents; Hydroxychloroquine; Immunologic Factors; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2},
funding_text 1={The author would like to acknowledge Dr Vasudharani Devanathan, Asst. Professor, IISER Tirupati, and Dr Harshini Chakravarthi, IISER Tirupati, for critical reading, and Mr Gowthaman Suresh for the figures.},
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correspondence_address1={Saxena, A.; Indian Institute of Technology TirupatiIndia; email: ambrish@iittp.ac.in},
publisher={Springer},
issn={02505991},
coden={JOBSD},
pubmed_id={32661214},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Biosci.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rodop202021,
author={Rodop, A.},
title={A clearer China picture set to emerge},
journal={Petroleum Economist},
year={2020},
volume={86},
number={10},
pages={21},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079436160&partnerID=40&md5=bb4e7b048aece6d114f59a1b04fba1c8},
affiliation={Vortexa},
abstract={China's crude and refined oil products data is an important factor for the state of global oil markets and the wider global economy. Thus, the growing availability of timely, more complete and trustworthy data on China's oil trade flows will equip the 2020s' market participants with the ability to make ever more informed decisions about global supply and demand. Waterborne crude arrivals into China grew by around 10% year-on-year in January-November. The ability to monitor complex ship-to-ship transfer at sea also revealed to a global market the routes some Iranian and Venezuelan crude cargoes took into China, amid US-led sanctions on these OPEC members. The latest state of the US-China trade war and related tariffs was reflected in a sharp annual drop of 45% in China's intake of crude loaded from the US In January-November. The interplay between so-called frenemies Saudi Arabia and Russia, vying for greater market share in China, can also be tracked day-by-day. Intake of Russian seaborne crude rose from around 620,000 barrel/day in the 1Q 2019 to some 900,000 barrel/day in October-November. Russia also forged new routes into China in 2019 through the movements of Urals crude loaded from Baltic ports and transported via the northern sea route. Still, Saudi Arabia remained the top country of origin among waterborne supply, with arrivals up by almost to 50% year-on-year in the first 11 months of 2019. In the 4Q 2019, China's gasoline and diesel exports have increased on the back of seasonally high refinery runs, the start-up of two new mega-refineries and a slowdown in domestic demand growth. The nation's gasoline exports high a year-to-date high of over 1.7 million ton in November, while diesel exports held firm at a five-month high of 1.3 million ton.},
correspondence_address1={Rodop, A.; Vortexa},
publisher={Petroleum Economist Ltd.},
issn={0306395X},
coden={PEECD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pet. Econ.},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brazil202060,
author={Brazil, R.},
title={Job hunting in a recession},
journal={Chemistry World},
year={2020},
volume={17},
number={11},
pages={60-61},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098734045&partnerID=40&md5=1ccd8c6e6e41d178ce7113daf25ccd27},
keywords={Career progression;  Global economies;  Job hunting;  Second World War;  World bank, Military operations},
publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry},
issn={14737604},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chem. World},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alami2020,
author={Alami, I. and Dixon, A.D.},
title={The strange geographies of the ‘new’ state capitalism},
journal={Political Geography},
year={2020},
volume={82},
doi={10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102237},
art_number={102237},
note={cited By 45},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085507763&doi=10.1016%2fj.polgeo.2020.102237&partnerID=40&md5=0656913c46025ed3fce4ac969af3fad0},
affiliation={Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Grote Gracht 90-92, Maastricht, 6211 SZ, Netherlands},
abstract={The recent polymorphism of state intervention and attendant political geographies have been interpreted as a return of state capitalism. While commentators across the social sciences have offered competing characterizations of the new state capitalism, little attention has been dedicated to how narratives and geographical imaginaries of the new state capitalism operate as a form of geopolitical knowledge and practice. Drawing upon critical geopolitics, we make three main arguments. First, we examine the context of wider geopolitical and geo-economic shifts in which the social construction of the geo-category has happened. We contend that the emerging new spatiality of the global economy has prompted the need for new discursive frames and geopolitical lines of reasoning. Second, we argue that this need is fulfilled by the geo-category state capitalism, which acts as a powerful tool in categorizing and hierarchizing the spaces of world politics. It does so by reinstituting a simple narrative of competition between two easily identifiable protagonists – (Western) democratic free-market capitalism and its deviant ‘other’, (Eastern) authoritarian state capitalism – and by reactivating older geopolitical grand narratives. Third, the geo-category state capitalism discursively enables Western business and state actors to justify tougher policy stances in three areas: foreign policy; trade, technology, and investment regulation; and international development. © 2020},
author_keywords={China;  Cold war;  Critical geopolitics;  Sovereign wealth fund;  State capitalism;  State intervention;  State-capital hybrid;  State-owned enterprise;  US hegemony},
keywords={authoritarianism;  capitalism;  geopolitics;  knowledge;  policy development;  political geography;  political system;  state role},
funding_details={Horizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeHorizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, 758430},
funding_details={European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council, ERC},
funding_details={Horizon 2020Horizon 2020},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n° 758430 ). Thanks are due to the three anonymous reviewers for helping us improve the manuscript, and to Kevin Grove for excellent editorial guidance.},
funding_text 2={This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n? 758430). Thanks are due to the three anonymous reviewers for helping us improve the manuscript, and to Kevin Grove for excellent editorial guidance.},
references={Alami, I., Dixon, A., State capitalism(s) redux? Theories, tensions, controversies (2020) Competition & Change, 24 (1), pp. 70-94; Alami, I., Dixon, A., Mawdsley, E., Unpacking ‘finance for development’: Retroliberalism, state capitalism and the new cold war (2019) American association of geographers annual meeting. Washington, DC; van Apeldoorn, B., de Graaff, N., Overbeek, H., The reconfiguration of the global state–capital nexus (2012) Globalizations, 9 (4), pp. 471-486; Babic, M., Fichtner, J., Heemskerk, E.M., States versus corporations: Rethinking the power of business in international politics (2017) The International Spectator, 52 (4), pp. 20-43; Becker, U., The BRICs and emerging economies in comparative perspective: Political economy, liberalization and institutional change (2014), Routledge London; Branstetter, L., China's forced technology problem - and what to do about it (2018) Peterson Institute for international economics policy brief; Brautigam, D., A critical look at Chinese ‘debt-trap diplomacy’: The rise of a meme (2020) Area Development and Policy, 5 (1), pp. 1-14; Bremmer, I., The return of state capitalism (2008) Survival, 50 (3), pp. 55-64; Bremmer, I., State capitalism comes of age-the end of the free market (2009) Foreign Affairs, 88, p. 40; Bremmer, I., The end of the free market: Who wins the war between states and corporations? (2010), Portfolio New York; Bruton, G.D., Peng, M.W., Ahlstrom, D., Stan, C., Xu, K., State-owned enterprises around the world as hybrid organizations (2015) Academy of Management Perspectives, 29 (1), pp. 92-114; Ciută, F., Klinke, I., Lost in conceptualization: Reading the “new Cold War” with critical geopolitics (2010) Political Geography, 29 (6), pp. 323-332; De Ville, F., "Naïve no longer"? The hardening of EU trade policy discourse and practice towards China and its limits (2019) Politicologenetmaal 2019. Antwerp; Dixon, A.D., The state as institutional investor: Unpacking the geographical political economy of sovereign wealth funds (2017) Handbook of the geographies of money and finance, pp. 279-297. , R. Martin J. Pollard Edward Elgar Cheltenham; Dodds, K., Global geopolitics: A critical introduction (2005), Pearson Prentice Hall Harlow; New York; Economist, The rise of state capitalism (2012) The Economist, 21. , January 2012; Economist, A new kind of cold war: How to manage the growing rivalry between America and a rising China (2019) The Economist, 16 May; Edel, C., Brands, H., The real origins of the U.S.-China cold war (2019) Foreign policy; Essex, J., Development, security, and aid: Geopolitics and geoeconomics at the U.S. Agency for international development (2013), University of Georgia Press Athens; Fainshmidt, S., Judge, W.Q., Aguilera, R.V., Smith, A., Varieties of institutional systems: A contextual taxonomy of understudied countries (2018) Journal of World Business, 53 (3), pp. 307-322; Fukuyama, F., The end of history and the last man (1992), Penguin London; Haberly, D., Wójcik, D., Earth incorporated: Centralization and variegation in the global company network (2017) Economic Geography, 93 (3), pp. 241-266; Hart, G., D/developments after the Meltdown (2010) Antipode, 41, pp. 117-141; Kaplan, R.D., A new cold war has begun (2019) Foreign policy; Kring, W.N., Gallagher, K.P., Strengthening the foundations? Alternative institutions for finance and development (2019) Development and Change, 50 (1), pp. 3-23; Kurlantzick, J., State capitalism: How the return of statism is transforming the world (2016), Oxford University Press New York; Lardy, N.R., The state strikes back: The end of economic reform in China? (2019), Peterson Institute for International Economics Washington, DC; Lee, R., Acts of theory and violence: Can the world of economic geography be left intact (2011) Postcolonial economies, , J. Pollard C. McEwan A. Hughes Zed Books London; Leonard, M., Pisani-Ferry, J., Ribakova, E., Shapiro, J., Wolff, G., Redefining Europe's economic sovereignty (2019) Strategic sovereignty: How Europe can regain the capacity to act, pp. 19-48. , M. Leonard J. Shapiro European Council on Foreign Relations London; MacDonald, S.B., Lemco, J., State capitalism's uncertain future (2015), ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara; Mamadouh, V., Dijkink, G., Geopolitics, international relations and political geography: The politics of geopolitical discourse (2006) Geopolitics, 11 (3), pp. 349-366; Medby, I.A., Political geography and language: A reappraisal for a diverse discipline (2020) Area, 52 (1), pp. 148-155; Milanovic, B., (2019) Capitalism, Alone: The Future of the System That Rules the World, , Harvard University Press Cambridge; Miron, J., Should China's meltdown Be surprising? (2015), Cato Institute; Mitchell, K., Ungoverned space: Global security and the geopolitics of broken windows (2010) Political Geography, 29 (5), pp. 289-297; Murray, W., Overton, J., Retroliberalism and the new aid regime of the 2010s (2016) Progress in Development Studies, 16 (3), pp. 244-260; Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S., Reinventing state capitalism: Leviathan in business, Brazil and beyond (2014), Harvard University Press Cambridge; Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S.G., Aguilera, R.V., New varieties of state capitalism: Strategic and governance implications (2015) Academy of Management Perspectives, 29 (1), pp. 115-131; Nölke, A., ten Brink, T., Claar, S., May, C., Domestic structures, foreign economic policies and global economic order: Implications from the rise of large emerging economies (2015) European Journal of International Relations, 21 (3), pp. 538-567; Ó Tuathail, G., Critical geopolitics and development theory: Intensifying the dialogue (1994) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 19 (2), pp. 228-233; Ó Tuathail, G., Emerging markets and other simulations: Mexico, the Chiapas revolt and the geofinancial panopticon (1997) Ecumene, 4 (3), pp. 300-317; Ó Tuathail, G., Critical geopolitics: The politics of writing global space (2005), Routledge London; Ó Tuathail, G., The affective geopolitics of the new cold war (2018) Presentation given at the UCL global governance Institute event series, 24.04.2018; Ó Tuathail, G., Dalby, S., Rethinking geopolitics (1998), Routledge London and New York; Peck, J., Zombie neoliberalism and the ambidextrous state (2010) Theoretical Criminology, 14 (1), pp. 104-110; Peng, M.W., Bruton, G.D., Stan, C.V., Huang, Y., Theories of the (state-owned) firm (2016) Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 33 (2), pp. 293-317; Pollard, J., McEwan, C., Laurie, N., Stenning, A., Economic geography under postcolonial scrutiny (2009) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34 (2), pp. 137-142; Power, M., Geopolitics and ‘development’: An introduction (2010) Geopolitics, 15 (3), pp. 433-440; Power, M., Mohan, G., Towards a critical geopolitics of China's engagement with African development (2010) Geopolitics, 15 (3), pp. 462-495; Said, E.W., Orientalism (1978), 1st ed. Pantheon Books New York; Schindler, S., The coming infrastructure arms race between the U.S. and China (2018) Global policy; Sidaway, J.D., Sovereign excesses? Portraying postcolonial sovereigntyscapes (2003) Political Geography, 22, pp. 157-178; Sidaway, J.D., Geographies of development: New maps, new visions? (2012) The Professional Geographer, 64 (1), pp. 49-62; Sidaway, J.D., Pryke, M., The strange geographies of 'emerging markets (2000) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 25 (2), pp. 187-201; Slater, D., The geopolitical imagination and the enframing of development theory (1993), Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers; Slater, D., Geopolitics and the post-colonial: Rethinking North-South relations (2004), Blackwell Malden, Mass.; Oxford; Spechler, M.C., Ahrens, J., Hoen, H.W., State capitalism in Eurasia (2017), World Scientific London; Taylor, I., Global governance and transnationalizing capitalist hegemony: The myth of the 'emerging powers (2016), Routledge Abingdon and New York; Tilley, L., Decolonizing the study of capitalist diversity: Epistemic disruption and the varied geographies of coloniality (2015) Directions in comparative capitalisms research, pp. 207-223. , M. Ebenau I. Bruff C. May Palgrave Macmillan London; Tooze, A., Tempestuous seasons. Review of In the long run we are all dead: Keynesianism, political Economy and revolution by Mann, G (2018) London Review of Books, 40 (17), pp. 19-21; Vasileva-Dienes, A., Schmidt, V.A., Conceptualising capitalism in the twenty-first century: The BRICs and the European periphery (2019) Contemporary Politics, 25 (3), pp. 255-275; Wehr, I., Entangled modernity and the study of variegated capitalism: Some suggestions for a postcolonial research agenda (2015) New directions in comparative capitalisms research, pp. 134-151. , M. Ebenau I. Bruff C. May Palgrave Macmillan London; Zettelmeyer, J., The return of economic nationalism in Germany (2019) Peterson Institute for international economics policy brief},
correspondence_address1={Alami, I.; Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Grote Gracht 90-92, Netherlands; email: ilias.alami@maastrichtuniversity.nl},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={09626298},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Polit. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sindakis2020149,
author={Sindakis, S. and Aggarwal, S.},
title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship: Examining the cases of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates},
journal={Spear's Surgery of the Breast: Principles and Art},
year={2020},
pages={149-162},
doi={10.1108/978-1-80071-517-220221009},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136759741&doi=10.1108%2f978-1-80071-517-220221009&partnerID=40&md5=2de4a1a8b9237b7dca6291c1f0e5a0b1},
affiliation={University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Hellenic American University, United States; Chongqing Technology and Business University, China; Institute of Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Education for Growth, Cyprus},
abstract={Purpose: The world has been impacted distinctively by the Covid-19 outbreak. The economic recession in 2020 and 2021 is predicted to become the most intense since World War II. This chapter explores the effects of the Covid-19 epidemic crisis on entrepreneurship and different activities, emphasizing developing economies. Design/methodology/approach: The work aims first on the major crises that could impact entrepreneurial activity triggered by the pandemic. The authors briefly study the literature on the previous health crisis and its impacts on entrepreneurship. Then, under Covid-19, the authors illustrated the navigational prospects for creativity and entrepreneurship. Findings: Our research indicates that the pandemic's impact on creativity and entrepreneurship would be adverse but not hugely harmful. A new opportunity ecosystem under COVID-19 is respected and researched for innovation and entrepreneurship. Simultaneously, the incentives provided by the COVID-19 pandemic for consumer e-commerce adoption in Saudi Arabia are being addressed. Originality/value: This is probably the first chapter of the book focusing on the impact on the Covid-19 pandemic entrepreneurship. It directly discusses the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on both the global economy and entrepreneurship dynamics. It also recommends fascinating future-oriented, relevant research areas about helping entrepreneurs solve it and what new prospects are developing for them. © 2022 by Emerald Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={Coronavirus recession;  COVID-19 pandemic;  Entrepreneurship;  Lockdown;  MENA region;  World economy},
references={Al-Tammemi, A.A.B., The battle against COVID-19 in Jordan: An early overview of the Jordanian experience (2020) Frontiers in Public Health, 8, p. 188; Alvarez, S.A., Barney, J.B., McBride, R., Wuebker, R., Realism in the study ofentrepreneurship (2014) Academy of Management Review, 39 (2), pp. 227-231; Arezki, R., Mottaghi, L., Barone, A., (2018) Middle East and North Africa economic monitor, October 2018: A new economy in Middle East and North Africa, , World Bank Publications; Bacq, S., Lumpkin, G.T., Social entrepreneurship and COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Management Studies; Bakar, A.R.A., Ahmad, S.Z., Wright, N.S., Skoko, H., The propensity to business startup: Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data in Saudi Arabia (2017) Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies; Brown, R., Rocha, A., Entrepreneurial uncertainty during the Covid-19 crisis: Mapping the temporal dynamics of entrepreneurial finance (2020) Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 14; (2020) COVID-19 socio-economic response and recovery plan for Egypt, , https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/EGY_Socioeconomic-Response-Plan_2020.pdf, (July). United Nations Egypt. Accessed on March 22, 2021; Donthu, N., Gustafsson, A., Effects of COVID-19 on business and research (2020) Journal of Business Research, 117, p. 284; Fabeil, N.F., Pazim, K.H., Langgat, J., The impact of Covid-19 pandemic crisis on micro-enterprises: Entrepreneurs' perspective on business continuity and recovery strategy (2020) Journal of Economics and Business, 3 (2); Faghih, N., Zali, M.R., Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) (2018) Dynamics in Trends, Policy and Business Environment; Gilbert, M., Dewatripont, M., Muraille, E., Platteau, J.P., Goldman, M., Preparing for a responsible lockdown exit strategy (2020) Nature Medicine, 26 (5), pp. 643-644; Giones, F., Brem, A., Pollack, J.M., Michaelis, T.L., Klyver, K., Brinckmann, J., Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 14; Gómez, M.G.P., Sánchez, R.V., Bankruptcy reforms in the midst of the Great Recession: The Spanish experience (2018) International Review of Law and Economics, 55, pp. 71-95; Grinin, L., Korotayev, A., (2020) COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitics, and recession, , Doctoral dissertation, Ph.D. Thesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Kuckertz, A., Brändle, L., Gaudig, A., Hinderer, S., Reyes, C.A.M., Prochotta, A., Steinbrink, K.M., Berger, E.S., Startups in times of crisis - A rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13; (2020) Dubai Future Foundation, , https://u.ae/-/media/Life-Post-COVID-19/DFF-Covid19-Innovation-and-Entrepreneurship-ENG.ashx?la=en, Accessed on March 20, 2021; Liguori, E., Winkler, C., (2020) From offline to online: Challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurship education following the COVID-19 pandemic; Liñán, F., Jaén, I., The Covid-19 pandemic and entrepreneurship: Some reflections (2020) International Journal of Emerging Markets; Li-Ying, J., Nell, P., Navigating opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship under COVID-19 (2020) California Management Review; Khalid, M., (2020) Egypt: TheVaccine &The Egyptian Economy, , https://www.mondaq.com/operational-impacts-and-strategy/1015122/the-vaccine-the-egyptian-economy, Andersen- Maher Milad Iskander & Co. Accessed on March 20, 2021; Mason, C., Hruskova, M., The impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurial ecosystems (2021) Productivity and the pandemic, , Edward Elgar Publishing; Mullins, T.Z., Do dance majors need entrepreneurial skills? (2020) Journal of Arts Entrepreneurship Education, 2 (1), pp. 42-17; Naudé, W., (2020) Entrepreneurial recovery from COVID-19: Decentralization, democratization, demand, distribution, and demography; Ratten, V., Coronavirus (Covid-19) and the entrepreneurship education community (2020) Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy; Ratten, V., Jones, P., Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice (2020) The International Journal of Management Education, p. 100432; Ruiz-Rosa, I., Gutiérrez-Taño, D., García-Rodríguez, F.J., Social entrepreneurial intention and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: A structural model (2020) Sustainability, 12 (17), p. 6970; Salem, M.A., Nor, K.M., The effect of COVID-19 on consumer behaviour in Saudi Arabia: Switching from Brick and Mortar Stores To E-Commerce (2020) International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9 (7), pp. 15-28; Singh, P., Singh, A.K., (2020) The Survival of UAE SMEs In A Post COVID-19 Digital Economy, , https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/360387, Entrepreneur Middle East. Accessed on March 24, 2021; Syriopoulos, K., The impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship and SMEs (2020) Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 26 (2), pp. 1-2; Welter, F., Contextualizing entrepreneurship: Conceptual challenges and ways forward (2011) Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35 (1), pp. 165-184; Yehia, A., The State of Digital Investments in MENA 2013-2016 (2018) KnE Social Sciences, pp. 30-38; Zaazou, Z.A., Abdou, D.S., Egyptian small and medium sized enterprises' battle against COVID-19 pandemic: March-July 2020 (2021) Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences; Mansoor, Z., (2020) How has Covid-19 impacted the startup ecosystem in the GCC?, , https://gulfbusiness.com/how-has-covid-19-im-pacted-the-startup-ecosystem-in-the-gcc/, Gulf Business. Accessed on March 22, 2021; Zhao, F., Collier, A., (2016) Digital entrepreneurship: Research and practice, , http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/6274/1/DigitalEntrepreneurship-ResearchandPractice.pdf, Accessed on February 18, 2021},
correspondence_address1={Sindakis, S.; University of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates},
publisher={Wolters Kluwer Health},
isbn={9781800715172; 9781496397010},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Spear's Surgery of the Breast: Princ. and Art},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Özdurak20201,
author={Özdurak, C. and Ulusoy, V.},
title={Spillovers from the slowdown in china on financial and energy markets: An application of var–vech–tarch models},
journal={International Journal of Financial Studies},
year={2020},
volume={8},
number={3},
pages={1-17},
doi={10.3390/ijfs8030052},
art_number={52},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093908859&doi=10.3390%2fijfs8030052&partnerID=40&md5=b54368a8f3fdf67b97e9016d10b55033},
affiliation={Department of Financial Economics, Institute of Social Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey},
abstract={The 2008 global financial crisis provides us with a wide range of study fields on cross-asset contagion mechanisms in the US financial markets. After a decade of the so-called subprime crisis, the impact of market news on asset volatilities increased significantly. Consequently, return and volatility spillovers became the most extensive channel for spreading out the news generated in one market to the other ones, which made the financial markets inherit international risk factors as their own local risks. Moreover, as a result of the Chinese economy becoming the main driver of the global economy in the last decade, Chinese markets became more interconnected with developed markets which were followed by a “digital cold war” era via Twitter. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the US stock market, Chinese stock markets, rare earth markets and industrial metals, and mining products via three different models by utilizing VAR–VECH–TARCH models. According to our findings, bilateral spillover exists between US and Chinese stock markets. Cross-market spillovers show that there is a risk transmission channel between the industrial metals, rare earth, and Chinese and US stock markets due to China’s strengthening position in the global economy. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Chinese stock markets;  Contagion;  Spillover;  TARCH;  VAR;  VECH},
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Washington, DC: IMF; Chan, Justin SP, Jain, Ravi, Xia, Yihong, Market segmentation, liquidity spillover, and closed-end country fund discount (2008) Journal of Financial Markets, 11, pp. 377-399. , [CrossRef]; Chen, Yufeng, Zheng, Biao, Qu, Fang, Modeling the nexus of crude oil, new energy, and rare earth in China: An asymmetric (2020) VAR-BEKK (DCC)-GARCH Approach, 65, p. 101545; Dornbusch, Rudiger Park, Yung, Chul, Claessens, Stijn, Contagion: Understanding how it spread (2000) The World Bank Research Observer, 15, pp. 177-197. , [CrossRef]; Engle, Robert F., Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation (1982) Econometrica, 50, pp. 987-1007. , [CrossRef]; Engle, Robert F., Ng, Victor K., Measuring and testing the impact of news on volatility (1993) Journal of Finance, 48, pp. 1749-1778. , [CrossRef]; Figlewski, Stephen, Wang, Xiaozu, Is the Leverage Effect” a Leverage Effect? (2000) SSRN Electronic Journal, , [CrossRef]; García, Risgo, Victoria, Maria, Krzemie, Alicja, Manzanedo del Campo, Miguel Angel, García-Miranda, Carmen Escanciano, Lasheras, Fernando Sanchez, Rare earth elements price forecasting by means of transgenic time series developed with ARIMA models (2018) Resource Policy, 59, pp. 95-102. , [CrossRef]; Glosten, Lawrence R, Ravi, Jagannathan, Runkle, David E., On the Relation between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Returns on Stocks (1993) Journal of Finance, 48, pp. 1779-1801. , [CrossRef]; Habib, Komal, Wenzel, Henrik, Exploring rare earths supply constraints for the emerging clean energy technologies and the role of recycling (2014) Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, pp. 348-359. , [CrossRef]; Hamao, Yasushi, Masulis, Ronald W., Ng, Victor, Correlations in price changes and volatility across international stock markets (1990) The Review of Financial Studies, 3, pp. 281-307. , [CrossRef]; Hou, Yang, Li, Steven, Information transmission between U.S. and China index futures markets: An asymmetric DCC GARCH approach (2016) Economic Modelling, 52, pp. 884-897. , Pt B; Huang, Xiaoming, Young, Jason, (2013) China and the World Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for New Zealand, , China Research Centre Discussion Paper. 13/01. Wellington: China Research Centre Discussion; Kao, Erin, Ho, Tsung, Fung, Hung-Gay, Price linkage between the U.S. and Japanese futures across different time zones: An analysis of the minute-by-minute data (2015) Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 34, pp. 321-336; Koutmos, Gregory, Geoffrey Booth, G., Asymmetric volatility transmission in international stock markets (1995) Journal of international Money and Finance, 14, pp. 747-762. , [CrossRef]; Ling, Shiqing, McAleer, Michael, Asymptotic Theory for a Vector ARMA-GARCH Model (2003) Econometric Theory, 19, pp. 280-310. , [CrossRef]; Miyakoshi, Tatsuyoshi, Spillovers of stock return volatility to Asian equity markets from Japan and the US (2003) Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 13, pp. 383-399; Otsubo, Yoinchi, International cross-listing and price discovery under trading concentration in the domestic market: Evidence from Japanese shares (2014) Journal of Empirical Finance, 25, pp. 36-51. , [CrossRef]; Proelss, Juliane, Schweizer, Denis, Seiler, Volker, The Economic Importance of Rare Earth Elements Volatility Forecasts (2019) International Review of Financial Analysis, , [CrossRef]; Reboredo, Juan, Is there dependence and systemic risk between oil and renewable energy stock prices? (2015) Energy Economics, 48, pp. 32-45. , [CrossRef]; Reboredo, Juan, Ugolini, Andrea, Price spillovers between rare earth stocks and financial markets (2020) Resources Policy, 66, p. 101647. , [CrossRef]; Roope, Matthew, Zurbruegg, Ralf, The intra-day price discovery process between the Singapore exchange and Taiwan futures exchange (2002) Journal of Futures Markets, 22, pp. 219-240. , [CrossRef]; Roy, Prosad Rudra, Roy, Saikat Sinha, Financial Contagion and Volatility Spillover: An exploration into Indian commodity derivative market (2017) Economic Modelling, 67, pp. 368-380. , [CrossRef]; Stegen, Karen Smith, Heavy rare earths, permanent magnets, and renewable energies: An imminent crisis (2015) Energy Policy, 79, pp. 1-8. , [CrossRef]; Uddin, Gazi Salah, Hernandez, Arreola Jose, Shahzad, Hussian Jawad Syed, Kang, Hoon Sang, Characteristics of spillovers between the US stock market and precious metals and oil (2020) Resources Policy, 66, p. 101601. , [CrossRef]; Vergeron, Karine Lisbonne-de, (2015) The Impact of China’s Economic Situation on Europe, , Paris: Robert Schuman Foundation; Xu, Weiju, Ma, Feng, Chen, Wang, Zhang, Bing, Asymmetric volatility spillovers between oil and stock markets: Evidence from China and the United States (2019) Energy Economics, 80, pp. 310-320. , [CrossRef]; Zhang, Kuangyuan, Kleit, Andrew N., Nieto, Antonio, An economics strategy for criticality–Application to rare earth element Yttrium in new lighting technology and its sustainable availability (2017) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, pp. 899-915. , [CrossRef]; Zhou, Baolu, Li, Zhongxue, Chen, Congcong, Global potential of rare earth resources and rare earth demand from clean technologies (2017) Minerals, 7, p. 203. , [CrossRef]},
correspondence_address1={Özdurak, C.; Department of Financial Economics, Turkey; email: cozdurak@yahoo.com},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={22277072},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intern. J. Financial Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Du2020,
author={Du, M. and Chen, L. and Lin, J. and Liu, Y. and Feng, K. and Liu, Q. and Liu, Y. and Wang, J. and Ni, R. and Zhao, Y. and Si, W. and Li, Y. and Kong, H. and Weng, H. and Liu, M. and Adeniran, J.A.},
title={Winners and losers of the Sino-US trade war from economic and environmental perspectives},
journal={Environmental Research Letters},
year={2020},
volume={15},
number={9},
doi={10.1088/1748-9326/aba3d5},
art_number={094032},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090884211&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2faba3d5&partnerID=40&md5=a52220136687425d31b9e3ee1923d0dc},
affiliation={Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD  20742, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing, 210046, China; College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, 102600, China; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands},
abstract={The ongoing trade war between the United States and China is having profound impacts on the global economy. As recent studies have found substantial amounts of carbon dioxide and air pollution embedded in the global supply chains, the Sino-US trade war may also affect emissions and health burdens worldwide, which remains poorly understood. Here, we estimate the potential changes in gross domestic product (GDP), anthropogenic emissions and particulate matter (PM2.5) related premature deaths worldwide under two Sino-US trade war scenarios. We find that for the US and China, the trade war would reduce their GDP and, less significantly, emissions and mortality, suggesting that the trade war is not an effective means of environmental protection. The trade war would increase both GDP and mortality in many developing regions, because of their increased production of goods targeted in the Sino-US trade war. Surprisingly, Western Europe and Latin America and Caribbean would have higher GDP but lower emissions and mortality, an economic and environmental win-win outcome as a net result of the complex changes in the global supply chains. Neighbour regions of the US and China such as Canada, Japan and Korea would also have higher GDP but lower mortality, because of reduced atmospheric transboundary transport from the US and China overcompensating for increased local emissions of these neighbours. The complex consequences of the Sino-US trade war highlight the strong inter-regional and economic-environmental linkage in support of a global collaborative strategy to foster economic growth and environmental protection. © 2020 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Air pollution;  Atmospheric transport;  International trade},
keywords={Atmospheric movements;  Carbon dioxide;  Environmental protection;  Supply chains, Anthropogenic emissions;  Collaborative strategies;  Developing regions;  Economic growths;  Global supply chain;  Gross domestic products;  Particulate Matter;  Potential change, Commerce, anthropogenic effect;  atmospheric pollution;  carbon dioxide;  economic conditions;  economic growth;  environmental economics;  environmental protection;  global economy;  Gross Domestic Product;  particulate matter;  trade-environment relations, Canada;  China;  Japan;  Korea;  Latin America;  United States;  Western Europe},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 41775115 71974186},
funding_details={National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, 2016YFA0602500},
funding_text 1={Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFA0602500 the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41775115 71974186 yes � 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license},
references={Lin, J., Pan, D., Davis, S.J., Zhang, Q., He, K., Wang, C., Streets, D.G., Guan, D., China's international trade and air pollution in the United States (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 1736-1741; Zhang, Q., Transboundary health impacts of transported global air pollution and international trade (2017) Nature, 543, p. 705; Davis, S.J., Ken, C., Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 5687-5692; Oita, A., Malik, A., Kanemoto, K., Geschke, A., Nishijima, S., Lenzen, M., Substantial nitrogen pollution embedded in international trade (2016) Nat. Geosci., 9, p. 111; Lin, J., Global climate forcing of aerosols embodied in international trade (2016) Nat. Geosci., 9, p. 790; Ansari, M.A., Haider, S., Khan, N.A., Does trade openness affect global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top CO2 emitters (2020) Manage. Environ. Qual., 31, pp. 32-53; Hou, D., O'Connor, D., Sonne, C., Ok, Y.S., Trade war threatens sustainability (2019) Science, 364, pp. 1242-1243; Fuchs, R., Alexander, P., Brown, C., Cossar, F., Henry, R.C., Rounsevell, M., Why the US-China trade war spells disaster for the Amazon (2019) Nature, 567, p. 451; Ni, R., Lin, J., Yan, Y., Lin, W., Foreign and domestic contributions to springtime ozone over China (2019) Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, pp. 11447-11469; Stanley, M., (2018) Trade Tensions: Lingering for Longer; Kpmg, (2018) Trade Wars: There Are No Winners; Standard, Poor's, Global trade at a crossroads: U.S (2018) Tariffs on $200 Billion Chinese Imports Will Further Dampen Investor Sentiment; Lin, J., Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions (2019) Nat. Commun., 10, p. 4947; Hertel, T.W., (1997) Global Trade Analysis: Modeling and Applications; GTAP v10 Data Base; Corong, E.L., Hertel, T.W., McDougall, R., Tsigas, M.E., Van Der Mensbrugghe, D., (2017) The Standard Gtap Model, Version 7; Hoesly, R.M., Historical (1750-2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the community emissions data system (CEDS) (2018) Geosci. Model. Dev., 11, pp. 369-408; Xia, Y., Zhao, Y., Nielsen, C.P., Benefits of China's efforts in gaseous pollutant control indicated by the bottom-up emissions and satellite observations 2000-2014 (2016) Atmos. Environ., 136, pp. 43-53; Zhao, Y., Nielsen, C.P., Lei, Y., McElroy, M.B., Hao, J., Quantifying the uncertainties of a bottom-up emission inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in China (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, pp. 2295-2308; Zhao, Y., Nielsen, C.P., McElroy, M.B., Zhang, L., Zhang, J., CO emissions in China: Uncertainties and implications of improved energy efficiency and emission control (2012) Atmos. Environ., 49, pp. 103-113; Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Nielsen, C., The effects of recent control policies on trends in emissions of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants and CO2 in China (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, pp. 487-508; V11-01, G., (2017); Van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R.V., Brauer, M., Hsu, N.C., Kahn, R.A., Levy, R.C., Lyapustin, A., Winkeret, D.M., Global estimates of fine particulate matter using a combined geophysical-statistical method with information from satellites, models, and monitors (2016) Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, pp. 3762-3772; Burnett, R., Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (2018) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 115, pp. 9592-9597; Of The United States Trade Representative, O., (2018) Ustr Issues Tariffs on Chinese Products in Response to Unfair Trade Practices; Of The United States Trade Representative, O., (2018) Ustr Finalizes Second Tranche of Tariffs on Chinese Products in Response to China's Unfair Trade Practices; Of The United States Trade Representative, O., (2018) Ustr Finalizes Tariffs on $200 Billion of Chinese Imports in Response to China's Unfair Trade Practices; Tariff Commission Of The State Council, C., (2018) Proclamation by Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council about Imposing Tariffs on 50 Billion Dollars Imports Originating from the United States (In Chinese); Tariff Commission Of The State Council, C., (2018) Proclamation by Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council about Imposing Tariffs on 60 Billion Dollars Imports Originating from the United States (In Chinese); Of The United States Trade Representative, O., (2019) Ustr Announces Next Steps on Proposed 10 Percent Tariff on Imports from China; Tariff Commission Of The State Council, C., (2019) Proclamation by Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council about Imposing Tariffs on 75 Billion Dollars Imports Originating from the United States (In Chinese); Of The United States Trade Representative, O., (2019) United States and China Reach Phase One Trade Agreement; Tariff Commission Of The State Council, C., (2020) Economic and Trade Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United States of America; Jiang, F., Liu, Q., Huang, X.X., Wang, T.J., Zhuang, B.L., Xie, M., Regional modeling of secondary organic aerosol over China using WRF/Chem (2012) J. Aerosol Sci., 43, pp. 57-73; Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J.L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L.T., Molina, M.J., Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett., 33; Zhu, J., Chen, L., Liao, H., Dang, R., Correlations between PM2.5 and ozone over China and associated underlying reasons (2019) Atmosphere, 10, p. 15; Chen, J., Shen, H., Li, T., Peng, X., Cheng, H., Ma, C., Temporal and spatial features of the correlation between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in China (2019) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16, p. 4824; Wang, J., Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China (2019) Sci. Bull., 64 (22), pp. 1691-1699; Aldy, J.E., Carbon tax review and updating: Institutionalizing an Act-Learn-Act approach to U.S. climate policy (2019) Rev. Environ. Econ. Policy, 14, pp. 76-94; Liu, Y., Tan, X.-J., Yu, Y., Qi, S.-Z., Assessment of impacts of Hubei Pilot emission trading schemes in China-A CGE-analysis using TermCO2 model (2017) J. Appl. Energy, 189, pp. 762-769; Tan, X., Liu, Y., Cui, J., Su, B., Assessment of carbon leakage by channels: An approach combining CGE model and decomposition analysis (2018) J. Energy Econ., 74, pp. 535-545; Zhang, W., Revealing environmental inequality hidden in China's inter-regional trade (2018) J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 52 (13), pp. 7171-7181},
publisher={IOP Publishing Ltd},
issn={17489318},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Environ.Res.Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu2020,
author={Xu, Y. and Lien, D.},
title={Dynamic exchange rate dependences: The effect of the U.S.-China trade war},
journal={Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money},
year={2020},
volume={68},
doi={10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101238},
art_number={101238},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088960874&doi=10.1016%2fj.intfin.2020.101238&partnerID=40&md5=3507fdcc490b8ffd5109a5155d88b1d8},
affiliation={School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Business, University of Texas at San AntonioTX, United States},
abstract={Since March 2018 the United States and China have been locked in a trade confrontation featured by huge retaliatory tariffs. This paper investigates the impact of the U.S.-China trade war on the dynamic dependences of Chinese Yuan (CNY) and the currencies of its major trade partners merging a generalized autoregressive score-driving (GAS) model and the copula approach. The GAS framework is used to capture the marginal distributions of each exchange rate return series and then to estimate the dynamic copula correlation between CNY and major trading currencies. We document intra-regional currency contagions that the dependences of KRW-CNY and SGD-CNY have increased and remained at high levels, whereas the dependence of JPY-CNY is reduced after the breakout of the trade war. The dependences of AUD-CNY and EUR-CNY also increase in the post-war period. Appreciations in the USD against target currency and the downside risk of the global economy caused by the trade war are possible factors driving changes in exchange rates and dependences between CNY and currencies of major trade partners. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Copula;  Dependence;  Exchange rates;  GAS;  Trade war},
funding_details={06310058},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 06500106, 71873014},
funding_details={Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities},
funding_text 1={We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (No. 71873014 ), the scientific research funding (No. 06500106 ) of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China , and the USTB-NTUT Joint Research Program (No. 06310058 ).},
references={Albulescu, C.T., Aubin, C., Goyeau, D., Tiwari, A.K., Extreme co-movements and dependencies among major international exchange rates: A copula approach (2018) Quart. Rev. Econ. Finance, 69, pp. 56-69; Amiti, M., Redding, S.J., Weinstein, D., (2019), The impact of the 2018 trade war on US prices and welfare (No. w25672). National Bureau of Economic Research; Antonakakis, N., Exchange return co-movements and volatility spillovers before and after the introduction of euro (2012) J. Int. Financial Markets, Inst. Money, 22 (5), pp. 1091-1109; Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G.H., The China syndrome: Local labor market effects of import competition in the US (2013) Am. Econ. Rev., 103 (6), pp. 2121-2168; Avdulaj, K., Barunik, J., Are benefits from oil–stocks diversification gone? New evidence from a dynamic copula and high frequency data (2015) Energy Econ., 51, pp. 31-44; Boero, G., Silvapulle, P., Tursunalieva, A., Modelling the bivariate dependence structure of exchange rates before and after the introduction of the euro: a semi-parametric approach (2011) Int. J. Finance Econ., 16 (4), pp. 357-374; Berthou, A., Jardet, C., Siena, D., Szczerbowicz, U., The macroeconomic implications of a global trade war (2019) VoxEU. org, p. 8; Blagrave, P., Vesperoni, E., The implications of China's slowdown for international trade (2018) J. Asian Econ., 56 (100), pp. 36-47; Bubak, V., Kocenda, E., Zikes, F., Volatility transmission in emerging European foreign exchange markets (2011) J. Bank. Finance, 35 (11), pp. 2829-2841; Cai, Y., Chou, R.Y., Li, D., Explaining international stock correlations with CPI fluctuations and market volatility (2009) J. Bank. Finance, 33 (11), pp. 2026-2035; Calì, M., The impact of the US-China trade war on East Asia (2018) VoxEU. org, p. 16; Chen, R., Xu, J., Forecasting volatility and correlation between oil and gold prices using a novel multivariate GAS model (2019) Energy Econ., 78, pp. 379-391; Chib, S., Nardari, F., Shephard, N., Analysis of high dimensional multivariate stochastic volatility models (2006) J. Econometrics, 134 (2), pp. 341-371; Cho, J.B., Min, H.G., McDonald, J.A., Volatility and dynamic currency hedging (2020) J. Int. Financ. Markets, Inst. Money, 64; Chudik, A., Fratzscher, M., Identifying the global transmission of the 2007–2009 financial crisis in a GVAR model (2011) Europ. Econ. Rev., 55 (3), pp. 325-339; Creal, D., Koopman, S.J., Lucas, A., Generalized autoregressive score models with applications (2013) J. Appl. Econometrics, 28 (5), pp. 777-795; Cubillos-Rocha, J.S., Gomez-Gonzalez, J.E., Melo-Velandia, L.F., Detecting exchange rate contagion using copula functions (2019) North Am. J. Econ. Finance, 47, pp. 13-22; Dias, A., Embrechts, P., Modeling exchange rate dependence dynamics at different time horizons (2010) J. Int. Money Finance, 29 (8), pp. 1687-1705; Dimitriou, D., Kenourgios, D., Financial crises and dynamic linkages among international currencies (2013) J. Int. Financ. Markets, Inst. Money, 26, pp. 319-332; Dimitriou, D., Kenourgios, D., Simos, T., Financial crises, exchange rate linkages and uncovered interest parity: Evidence from G7 markets (2017) Econ. Model., 66, pp. 112-120; Dong, Y., Whalley, J., Gains and losses from potential bilateral US–China trade retaliation (2012) Econ. Model., 29 (6), pp. 2226-2236; Engle, R.F., New frontiers of ARCH models (2002) J. Appl. Econometrics, 17, pp. 425-446; Fajgelbaum, P.D., Goldberg, P.K., Kennedy, P.J., Khandelwal, A., (2019), K. The return to protectionism (No. w25638). National Bureau of Economic Research; Flaaen, A., Pierce, J., (2019), https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2019.086, Disentangling the Effects of the 2018-2019 Tariffs on a Globally Connected US Manufacturing Sector. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2019-086. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; Furceri, D., Hannan, S.A., Ostry, J.D., Rose, A., (2018), K. Macroeconomic Consequences of Tariffs. National Bureau of Economic Research, No. w25402; Huang, W., Mollick, A.V., Nguyen, K.H., Dynamic responses and tail-dependence among commodities, the US real interest rate and the dollar (2017) Empirical Econ., 53, pp. 959-997; Glick, R., Rose, A.K., Contagion and trade: why are currency crises regional? (1999) J. Int. Money Finance, 18 (4), pp. 603-617; Guttmann, R., Hickie, K., Rickards, P., Roberts, I., (2019), pp. 87-110. , Spillovers to Australia from the Chinese Economy. Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, June; Jeanne, O., Currency wars, trade wars and the global demand (2018), Johns Hopkins University United State; Jondeau, E., Rockinger, M., The copula-garch model of conditional dependencies: An international stock market application (2006) J. Int. Money Finance, 25 (5), pp. 827-853; Lee, G.H.Y., Azali, M., The endogeneity of the optimum currency area criteria in east Asia (2010) Econ. Model., 27 (1), pp. 165-170; Lien, D., Wu, C., Zhou, C., Yang, L.I., Dynamic and asymmetric dependences between Chinese yuan and other Asia-Pacific currencies (2013) J. Futures Markets, 33 (8), pp. 696-723; Nicita, A., (2019), Trade and trade diversion effects of United States tariffs on China. Trade Analysis Branch Division on International Trade and Commodities Research Paper No. 37; Patton, A.J., Estimation of multivariate models for time series of possibly different lengths (2006) J. Appl. Econometrics, 21 (2), pp. 147-173; Patton, A.J., Modelling asymmetric exchange rate dependence (2006) Int. Econ. Rev., 47 (2), pp. 527-556; Sznajderska, A., Kapuściński, M., Macroeconomic spillover effects of the Chinese economy (2020) Rev. Int. Econ., pp. 1-28; Wang, G.J., Xie, C., Tail dependence structure of the foreign exchange market: a network view (2015) Expert Syst. Appl., 46, pp. 164-179; Wen, T., Wang, G.J., Volatility connectedness in global foreign exchange markets (2020) J. Multinational Financ. Manage., 54},
correspondence_address1={Lien, D.; College of Business, United States; email: Don.Lien@utsa.edu},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={10424431},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Financ. Mark. Inst. Money},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chakraborty2020,
author={Chakraborty, I. and Maity, P.},
title={COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention},
journal={Science of the Total Environment},
year={2020},
volume={728},
doi={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882},
art_number={138882},
note={cited By 825},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083431460&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.138882&partnerID=40&md5=9d474b5ac13823c65b4d7965c8469299},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry, Kharagpur College, Kharagpur 721305, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, Sabang Sajanikanta Mahavidyalaya, Lutunia, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal  Pin-721166, India},
abstract={The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most crucial global health calamity of the century and the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and was named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). A new class of corona virus, known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been found to be responsible for occurrence of this disease. As far as the history of human civilization is concerned there are instances of severe outbreaks of diseases caused by a number of viruses. According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO as of April 18 2020), the current outbreak of COVID-19, has affected over 2164111 people and killed more than 146,198 people in more than 200 countries throughout the world. Till now there is no report of any clinically approved antiviral drugs or vaccines that are effective against COVID-19. It has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population. The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the global economy. Almost all the nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients, quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large gatherings, maintaining complete or partial lock down etc. This paper describes the impact of COVID-19 on society and global environment, and the possible ways in which the disease can be controlled has also been discussed therein. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  Economic;  Global health;  Pandemics;  Prevention},
keywords={Viruses, Anti-viral drugs;  Global economies;  Global environment;  Human civilization;  Human population;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus;  Social challenges;  World Health Organization, Diseases, COVID-19;  disease spread;  epidemic;  health impact;  health risk;  public health;  respiratory disease;  viral disease;  World Health Organization, Article;  coronavirus disease 2019;  Coronavirus infection;  disease transmission;  economic aspect;  environmental factor;  epidemic;  global health;  human;  infection control;  infection prevention;  infection rate;  migration;  pandemic;  population growth;  population risk;  priority journal;  risk factor;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  Betacoronavirus;  commercial phenomena;  Coronavirus infection;  economics;  environment;  pandemic;  social change;  virus pneumonia, China;  Hubei;  Wuhan, Coronavirus;  SARS coronavirus, Betacoronavirus;  Commerce;  Coronavirus Infections;  Environment;  Global Health;  Humans;  Pandemics;  Pneumonia, Viral;  Social Change},
funding_text 1={The authors are thankful to Prof. Syed Sirajul Islam, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, India. None. Not required.},
references={Afelt, A., Frutos, R., Devaux, C., Bats, coronaviruses, and deforestation: toward the emergence of novel infectious diseases? (2018) Front. Microbiol., 9, p. 702; Allocati, N., Petrucci, A.G., Di Giovanni, P., Bat-man disease transmission: zoonotic pathogens from wildlife reservoirs to human populations (2016) Cell Death Dis., 2; Backer, J.A., Klinkenberg, D., Wallinga, J., Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travelers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, 25 (5), pp. 1-6; Bremer, S., Schneider, P., Glavovic, B., Climate change and amplified representations of natural hazards in institutional cultures (2019) Oxford Res. Encycl. Nat. Hazard Sci.; Coutts, A., Beringer, J., Tapper, N., Changing urban climate and CO2 emissions: implications for the development of policies for sustainable cities (2010) Urban Policy Res., 28, pp. 27-47; Fan, Y., Zhao, K., Shi, Z.L., Bat coronaviruses in China (2019) Viruses, 11, p. 210; Gorbalenya, A.E., Baker, S.C., Baric, R.S., de Groot, R.J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A.A., Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses—a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group (2020) Bio Rxiv, , Feb 11; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (2014) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, p. 151. , R.K. Pachauri L.A. Meyer Core Writing Team. IPCC Geneva, Switzerland; Liu, W., Morse, J.S., Lalonde, T., Xu, S., Learning from the past: possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV (2020) Chembiochem, , Feb 5 [Epub ahead of print]; Lu, H., Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020) Biosci Trends, , Jan 28 [Epub ahead of print]; OECD Interim Economic Assessment, Coronavirus: the world economy at risk (2020), oecd.org/economic-outlook; Olivero, J., Fa, J.E., Real, R., Recent loss of closed forests is associated with Ebola virus disease outbreaks (2017) Sci. Rep., 7; Phan, L.T., Nguyen, T.V., Luong, Q.C., Nguyen, T.V., Nguyen, H.T., Le, H.Q., Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382 (9), pp. 872-874; Rawat, Mukesh, Coronavirus in India: tracking country's first 50 COVID-19 cases; what numbers tell https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-in-india-tracking-country-s-first-50-covid-19-cases-what-numbers-tell-1654468-2020-03-12, Retrieved 12 March 2020; Riou, J., Althaus, C.L., Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020 (2020) Eurosurveillance, 25 (4); Rolain, J.M., Colson, P., Raoult, D., Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century (2007) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 30, pp. 297-308; Ruscio, B.A., Brubaker, M., Glasser, J., Hueston, W., Hennessy, T.W., One health–a strategy for resilience in a changing arctic (2015) Int. J. Circumpolar Health, 74; Shindell, D., Borgford-Parnell, N., Brauer, M., Haines, A., Kuylenstierna, J.C.I., Leonard, S.A., Ramanathan, V., Srivastava, L., A climate policy pathway for near- and long-term benefits (2017) Science, 356 (6337), pp. 493-494; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res., 30 (3), pp. 269-271; Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G., Gao, G.F., A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern (2020) Lancet; World Health Organization, Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003 (2004), https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/, (Accessed 5 February 2020); World Health Organization, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERSCoV) (2013), https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/, (Accessed 5 February 2020); World Health Organization, Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection Is Suspected: Interim Guidance (2020); Yoo, J.H., The fight against the 2019-nCoV outbreak: an arduous march has just begun (2020) J. Korean Med. Sci., pp. 35-56},
correspondence_address1={Maity, P.; Department of Chemistry, Lutunia, India; email: prasenjitchem89@gmail.com},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={00489697},
coden={STEVA},
pubmed_id={32335410},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. Total Environ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cooper2020703,
author={Cooper, A.F. and Stolte, C.},
title={Insider and Outsider Strategies of Influence: The BRICS’ Dualistic Approach Towards Informal Institutions},
journal={New Political Economy},
year={2020},
volume={25},
number={5},
pages={703-714},
doi={10.1080/13563467.2019.1584167},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062779506&doi=10.1080%2f13563467.2019.1584167&partnerID=40&md5=10e6885e39d836641b105a8bd49e5e13},
affiliation={Balsillie School of International Affairs and the Department of Political Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; UNU CRIS (Institute on Comparative Regional Integration), Bruges, Belgium; Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany},
abstract={The challenge of ‘emerging’ countries in the 21st century has been conducted in a much more peaceful manner than in past eras when power transitions were most commonly accompanied by war. The hallmark of this peaceful transition has been the elevation of the G20, a forum in which established and emerging powers jointly deal with global economic issues and which–despite or precisely because of its informal character–has become the prime forum for global economic governance. Significantly, however, this new openness and flexibility of the international system and its increasing informalism have not only provided an avenue for emerging powers to be integrated into the inner circle of global economic governance, but have also allowed them to set up alternative institutions. By forming their own exclusive BRICS group in parallel to their membership in the G20, emerging powers have pursued a dualistic strategy that allows them to be simultaneously institutional ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The article focuses on this seemingly ambiguous international behaviour and explains why the BRICS have opted for this dualistic approach. Far from being socialised into the established system, the oppositional psychology of the past has not disappeared completely. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={BRICS;  Emerging powers;  G20;  global economic governance;  informal institutions},
keywords={developing world;  economic relations;  global economy;  governance approach;  informal sector;  international relations;  peacekeeping;  power relations;  twenty first century, Brazil;  China;  India;  Russian Federation;  South Africa},
funding_details={Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, SSHRC, 435-2015-1357},
funding_text 1={Cooper’s work has been supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) [Insight grant number: 435-2015-1357].},
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(2015) Global summitry journal, 1 (1), pp. 95-114; Cooper, A.F., (2016) The BRICS VSI, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Cooper, A.F., (2017) 58th Annual convention of the international studies association, , The BRICS’ New Development Bank: shifting from material leverage to innovative capacity., Baltimore, 23 February; Cooper, A.F., Antkiewicz, A., (2008) Emerging powers in global governance: lessons from the Heiligendamm process, , Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press, and, eds; Cooper, A.F., Farooq, A.B., The BRICS and the privileging of informality in global governance (2013) Global policy, 4 (4), pp. 428-433; Cooper, A.F., Pouliot, V., . How much is global governance changing? The G20 as international practice (2015) Cooperation and conflict, 50 (September), pp. 334-350; Cooper, A.F., Thakur, R., (2013) The group of twenty (G20), , New York: Routledge; Corbetta, R., Status and the future of international politics (2011) Major powers and the quest for status in international politics, pp. 203-224. , Volgy T.J., (ed), New York: Palgrave Macmillan, eds; Deen, T., (2010) Global Policy Forum, , https://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-politics/general-analysis-on-globalization-of-politics/48892-g20-big-powers-under-scrutiny-by-smaller-nations.html, G20 Big powers under scrutiny by smaller nations [online]., 23 March. Available from: [Accessed 1 November 2018]; Deng, Y., The power and politics of recognition. 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Available from: [Accessed 20 February 2017]; Stuenkel, O., (2015) The BRICS and the future of global order, , Lanham: Lexington; Stuenkel, O., The BRICS: seeking privileges by constructing and running multilateral institutions (2016) Global summitry, 2 (1), pp. 38-53; Tapper, J., (2009) ABC News, , http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2009/04/thats-my-man-ri.html, The significance of President Obama praising Lula’s ‘good looks’ [online]., 2 April. Available from: [Accessed 20 February 2017]; Tharoor, S., (2015) Project Syndicate, , http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shashi…/india-china-brics-world-power_b_7633684.html, India, China and the rest of the BRICS will no longer wait for a seat at the table [online]., 22 June. Available from: [Accessed 20 February 2017]; Volgy, T.J., (2011) Major powers and the quest for status in international politics, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Ward, S., Lost in translation: social identity theory and the study of status in world politics (2017) International studies quarterly, 61 (4), pp. 821-834; Wilson, D., Purushothaman, R., (2003) Global Economics Paper No. 99, , http://www.gs.com/insight/research/reports/99.pdf, Dreaming with BRICS: the path to 2050, New York, October. Available from: [Accessed 20 February 2017]; Wohlforth, W.C., Unipolarity, status competition, and great power war (2009) World politics, 61 (1), pp. 28-57; Yu, Y., China's evolving global view (2005) China and world economy, 13 (1), pp. 3-14},
correspondence_address1={Cooper, A.F.; Balsillie School of International Affairs and the Department of Political Science, Canada; email: acooper@uwaterloo.ca},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={13563467},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Potts20201192,
author={Potts, S.},
title={Law as Geopolitics: Judicial Territory, Transnational Economic Governance, and American Power},
journal={Annals of the American Association of Geographers},
year={2020},
volume={110},
number={4},
pages={1192-1207},
doi={10.1080/24694452.2019.1670041},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074975216&doi=10.1080%2f24694452.2019.1670041&partnerID=40&md5=e50b2ef22980b6d91fc0ffd002d20cac},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, United States},
abstract={The extension of domestic U.S. judicial authority to govern transnational economic relations involving foreign governments beyond official U.S. borders has been an important but largely overlooked component of the post–World War II international economic order. Using a critical spatial lens to analyze important U.S. common law changes, I show that a key strategy for achieving this extension has been redefining legal dichotomies to recode activity once considered public, political, and in the executive domain as private, commercial, nonpolitical, and judicial. This process has contributed to the depoliticization of fraught geopolitical conflicts and the production of a neoliberal global economy. The expansion of what I call judicial territory has occurred in response to acute political and economic challenges to U.S. interests and has been a means of forging an international economic order with the United States at the forefront. It has unilaterally extended U.S. state space and restricted the economic sovereignty of other countries, in ways that have benefited U.S. and transnational capital and underwritten the extraction of resources into the United States, especially from the Global South. At the same time, the unique characteristics of the common law have helped make these imperial relations hegemonic. Key Words: economy, hegemony, imperialism, law, territory. © 2019, © 2019 by American Association of Geographers.},
keywords={economic relations;  geopolitics;  governance approach;  political power;  power relations;  state role;  territory, United States},
funding_text 1={I would like to thank Michael Watts, Richard Walker, Jonathan Simon, and Gillian Hart for their help developing the arguments in this article at various points along the way. Many thanks also to Adam Moore, Eric Sheppard, and Gabriel Page for detailed feedback on earlier drafts of this article, as well as to careful and generative comments from the journal’s anonymous referees.},
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correspondence_address1={Potts, S.; Department of Geography, United States; email: spotts@geog.ucla.edu},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={24694452},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Linsi2020855,
author={Linsi, L.},
title={The discourse of competitiveness and the dis-embedding of the national economy},
journal={Review of International Political Economy},
year={2020},
volume={27},
number={4},
pages={855-879},
doi={10.1080/09692290.2019.1687557},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073792012&doi=10.1080%2f09692290.2019.1687557&partnerID=40&md5=06b8c1802062613eb319992460eb9cbf},
affiliation={Department of International Relations and International Organization, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands},
abstract={In the 1950s–1970s inward foreign direct investments (IFDI) were widely seen as a menace, threatening to undermine national economic development. Two decades later such concerns had virtually disappeared. Rather than as a problem, IFDI were now portrayed as a solution–even symbols of national economic success. To better understand the ideational dynamics underlying this remarkable transformation in perceptions of IFDI, this research traces the evolution of economic discourses in the United Kingdom over the post-war period. Deviating from conventional accounts in constructivist IPE, the investigation indicates that the rise of first-generation neoliberal discourses in the 1980s played only a secondary role in these processes. Instead, the discursive re-shaping of IFDI was primarily driven by the rise of the narrative of national competitiveness in the early 1990s–a discourse inspired by managerial rather than neoclassical economic theory. Building a framework that prioritizes (multinational) firms over national economies, the rise of this second-generation neoliberal narrative played a critical role in promoting now taken-for-granted imaginaries of the global economy as an economic ‘race’ between nations-as-platforms-of-production. The findings highlight the ideational underbelly of the rise of the competition state and how it re-shaped dominant social representations of IFDI. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={business schools;  competitiveness;  Economic ideas;  foreign direct investments;  United Kingdom},
funding_details={Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF},
funding_details={Kommission zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen ForschungKommission zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, KWF, P2SKP1_168289},
funding_text 1={I thank Jeff Chwieroth for his continuous support without which – for better or for worse – I would not even have started thinking about the issues that the article aims to address. Very helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper were provided by the RIPE editors and two anonymous reviewers, as well as Milan Babic, Matthew Eagleton-Pierce, Sarah Sharma, Samuel Knafo, Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn, Daniel Mügge and the entire Fickle Formulas team at the University of Amsterdam. Generous financial support by the London School of Economics and Political Science and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung are gratefully acknowledged. All errors are my responsibility.},
funding_text 2={Supported by the London School of Economics and Political Science and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F?rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Early Postdoc Mobility grant P2SKP1_168289). I thank Jeff Chwieroth for his continuous support without which?for better or for worse?I would not even have started thinking about the issues that the article aims to address. Very helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper were provided by the RIPE editors and two anonymous reviewers, as well as Milan Babic, Matthew Eagleton-Pierce, Sarah Sharma, Samuel Knafo, Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn, Daniel M?gge and the entire Fickle Formulas team at the University of Amsterdam. Generous financial support by the London School of Economics and Political Science and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F?rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung are gratefully acknowledged. All errors are my responsibility.},
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correspondence_address1={Linsi, L.; Department of International Relations and International Organization, Oude Kijk in ‘t Jatstraat 26, Netherlands},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={09692290},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Int. Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Eilstrup-Sangiovanni20201077,
author={Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, M. and Hofmann, S.C.},
title={Of the contemporary global order, crisis, and change},
journal={Journal of European Public Policy},
year={2020},
volume={27},
number={7},
pages={1077-1089},
doi={10.1080/13501763.2019.1678665},
note={cited By 31},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074503636&doi=10.1080%2f13501763.2019.1678665&partnerID=40&md5=d897cf60b463ae13124f968e537f5add},
affiliation={Department of Politics and International Studies, Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of International Relations and Political Science, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland},
abstract={The contemporary global order is widely said to be in crisis. But despite a rapidly proliferating literature on the subject, there is little clarity or consensus about wherein the ‘crisis’ consist, or what precisely is under threat. We offer a restricted characterization of the post-war global order based on its fundamental substantive and procedural ordering principles: sovereign inter-state relations and a relatively open global economy, characterized by practices of inclusive, rule-bound multilateralism. We argue that only if one of more of these foundational principles are systematically violated, can we speak of a demise of the order. To this end, we consider the extent to which each of these basic principles is currently endangered. We conclude that what we are witnessing is not the collapse of the current world order, but rather its transformation and adaptation into a broader, more flexible and multifaceted system of global governance–a change within the order rather than of the order. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={global governance;  Global order;  international organizations;  multilateralism;  non-state actors;  rising powers;  U.S. Hegemony},
funding_details={Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF, 100017_172667},
funding_text 1={Stephanie C. Hofmann’ research for this article was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number #100017_172667).},
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correspondence_address1={Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, M.; Department of Politics and International Studies, United Kingdom; email: mer29@cam.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={13501763},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Eur. Public Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Salitskii2020460,
author={Salitskii, A.I. and Salitskaya, E.A.},
title={The United States and China: Deadlocks and Paradoxes of Trade War},
journal={Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences},
year={2020},
volume={90},
number={4},
pages={460-469},
doi={10.1134/S101933162004005X},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091317178&doi=10.1134%2fS101933162004005X&partnerID=40&md5=8db7fc7a3bcdfa3b1abc8ccbc36c8421},
affiliation={Primakov Institute of the World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={Abstract: The current relations between the United States and China, which are largely defined by the phrase trade war, are analyzed. The authors place an emphasis on the economic, political, and legal aspects of these relations and the direct and indirect consequences of the trade war for both its participants and the world community. Attention is focused on the first months of 2020, when, in particular, a trade and economic agreement was signed between the parties. Individual sections of the agreement are considered, including those related to intellectual property; the promotion of American medicines to the Chinese market; and China’s obligations to purchase American manufactured goods, agricultural products, and fuels. A brief excursion into the history of the trade war is undertaken, the position of the parties is shown, and key problems of the dialogue are identified. New factors affecting this dialogue are considered: the recession that has begun in the global economy and the emergence and spread of the coronavirus epidemic. The actions of the parties to respond to the new challenges are evaluated. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.},
author_keywords={China;  Chinese exports;  COVID-19 pandemic;  D. Trump;  economic sanctions;  global economy;  international relations;  trade war;  United States;  US‒China relations;  Xi Jinping},
references={https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/phase%20one%20agreement/Economic_And_Trade_Agreement_Between_The_United_States_And_China_Text.pdf; (2017), https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf; (2018) Findings of the Investigation into China’s Acts, Practices, and Policies Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, , https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/Section%20301%20FINAL.PDF, United States Trade Representative; (2018) How China’s Economic Aggression Threatens the Technologies and Intellectual Property of the United States and the World, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-China-Technology-Report-6.18.18-PDF.pdf, White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy; (2018) 2017 Report to Congress on China’s WTO Compliance, , https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/Press/Reports/China%202017%20WTO%20Report.pdf, United States Trade Representative; 2018 Report to Congress on China’s WTO Compliance, , https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2018-USTR-Report-to-Congress-on-China%27s-WTO-Compliance.pdf, United States Trade Representative; Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, , https://home.treasury.gov/sites/default/files/2018-08/The-Foreign-Investment-Risk-Review-Modernization-Act-of-2018-FIRRMA_0.pdf; (2018) Information Office of the State Council. the People’s Republic of China, , http://english.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2018/09/26/content_281476319220196.htm; (2020) Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) of December 18, 2006, No. 230-FZ, , http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_64629/; Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, , https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/details/16087; (2020) 19 CFR 201.6—Confidential Business Information, , https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2011-title19-vol3/CFR-2011-title19-vol3-sec201-6/summary; (2020) Several Provisions on Prohibiting Infringements upon Trade Secrets, , https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/details/6551; Law of the People’s Republic of China against Unfair Competition, , https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/details/849, promulgated by People’s Republic of China Presidential Order No. 10 on September 2, 1993; The World Factbook Field Listing: Exports—Commodities, , https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/; 2019 Report to Congress of the U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission, , https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/2019%20Executive%20Summary.pdf; (2020), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MANEMP; Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019 Asian Development Bank, , https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/521981/ki2019.pdf; Zhou, C., Bermingham, F., China-Based Firms Look to Obscure Tariff Loophole to Dodge Trade War, but US Customs is Cracking Down, , https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3024108/china-based-firms-look-obscure-tariff-loophole-dodge-trade; https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/methode/2020/04/22/8c85a2ba-834e-11ea-8863-2139a14b0dea_972x_001843.jpg; http://www.ecns.cn/news/economy/2020-03-29/detail-ifzuwwmz9244514.shtml; http://www.gov.cn/premier/2020-03/12/content_5490395.htm; Bernstein, J., Trump’s China Trade War Is Failing Democrats Should Campaign against It, , https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/opinion/trump-china-trade.html; (2019) China Should Cooperate with All Nations, Not Be Put off by US’ Aggressive Trade War Tactics, Academic Says, , https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3014406/china-should-cooperate-all-nations-not-be-put-us-aggressive; Inner Mongolia to Invest 130 Billion Yuan in Major Infrastructure Projects, , http://innermongolia.chinadaily.com.cn/2020-04/17/c_471844.htm; Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPC on the reform of the economic system. October 23, 1984 (1994) The Economic Reform in PRC: Transformations in the City 1979–1984, , Documents (Vostochnaya Literatura, Moscow, [in Russian]; (2018) Trade and Development Report 2018: Power, Platforms and the Free Trade Delusion. UNCTAD, , https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdr2018_en.pdf; (2019) Economics and Trade Bulletin, , https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/June%202019%20Trade%20Bulletin.pdf; Navarro, P., (2008) The Coming China Wars: Where they Will Be Fought and How they Can Be Won, , FT Press, P. Navarro and G. Autry, Death by China: Confronting the Dragon—A Global Call to Action (Pearson, 2011); Pillsbury, M., (2015) The Hundred Year Marathon: China’s Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower, , St. Martin Griffin, New York; Allison, G., (2017) Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap?, , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston; Beckley, M., (2018) Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World’s Sole Superpower; Rodrik, D., (2017) Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy; Roach, S., (2014) Unbalanced: The Codependency of America and China; Witt, M., De-globalization: Theories, predictions, and implications for international business research (2019) J. Int. Bus. Stud., 50, pp. 1053-1077; Bergsten, F., (2020) China and the United States: Trade Conflict and Systemic Competition. Policy Brief, , https://piie.com/publications/policy-briefs/china-and-united-states-trade-conflict-and-systemic-competition},
correspondence_address1={Salitskii, A.I.; Primakov Institute of the World Economy and International Relations, Russian Federation; email: sal.55@mail.ru; Salitskaya, E.A.; Bauman Moscow State Technical UniversityRussian Federation; email: e.salitskaya@yandex.ru},
publisher={Pleiades journals},
issn={10193316},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Her. Russ. Acad. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hongzhou202059,
author={Hongzhou, Z.},
title={The U.S.-China trade war: Is food China's most powerful weapon?},
journal={Asia Policy},
year={2020},
volume={15},
number={3},
pages={59-86},
doi={10.1353/asp.2020.0044},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091260984&doi=10.1353%2fasp.2020.0044&partnerID=40&md5=f0656ffa27b4aa16697c7e37f94fee45},
affiliation={S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={This article examines the concept of "food power, " analyzes China's use of food as a foreign policy instrument against the U.S. in the context of their trade war, and considers the potential implications. main argument The food power balance between the U.S. and China is affected by four key factors: scarcity, the concentration of supply, the degree of demand dispersion, and action independence. Since emerging as the leading food importer, China has successfully tipped the food power balance in its favor through overseas agricultural investment, import diversification, and cultivation of its own global agribusiness. In addition, the global food glut and the critical importance of rural support for Donald Trump's re-election campaign further increase China's leverage in bilateral food trade. With this newly gained food power, the Chinese government, which used to be a victim of U.S. food embargoes, has started using food as a foreign policy instrument to influence U.S. policy amid the ongoing trade war. While China appears to have achieved limited success against the Trump administration through food power, the potential costs to both China and the world of weaponizing food trade could be huge. policy implications • While it is understandable that China seeks to leverage its newly gained food power against the U.S., serious caution must be exercised. There are severe liabilities for the global economy and adverse effects for both countries when food is weaponized. • So long as the food relationship is relatively symmetrical, the political leverage that food provides China against the U.S. is ephemeral because the balance of food power could easily be tipped in either direction. • Given China's increasing dependence on the global market for its food supply, a stable and flourishing food trade system will be critical to the country's overall food security. This means that attempts by China to use food as a foreign policy instrument are ultimately counterproductive. © 2020 National Bureau of Asian Research.},
author_keywords={Food power;  Food security;  Strategic rivalry;  U.S.-China trade war},
references={Lawder, D., Mason, J., (2018) Trump Sets Steel and Aluminum Tariffs but Exempts Canada, Mexico, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade/china-says-it-will-make-necessary-response-in-event-of-trade-war-idUSKCN1GK09C, Reuters, March 9; Feng, E., Liu, X., Mitchell, T., China Looks to Avoid U.S. Trade War as Trump Steps up Rhetoric (2018) Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/db0106f8-1f7f-11e8-a895-1ba1f72c2c11, March 4; Drezner, D.W., Economic Statecraft in the Age of Trump (2019) Washington Quarterly, 42 (3), pp. 7-24. , https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2019.1663072, (July 3); McAuley, J., Food as a Power Tool (2015) America Magazine, , https://www.americamagazine.org/content/all-things/some-food-thought-ii-when-food-weapon, August 13; Gerhard, G., Food as a Weapon (2011) Food, Culture & Society, 14 (3), pp. 335-351. , https://doi.org/10.2752/175174411X12961586033528; Paarlberg, R.L., Food, Oil, and Coercive Resource Power (1978) International Security, 3 (2), pp. 3-19. , https://doi.org/10.2307/2626678; Sanderson, F.H., The Uses and Limitations of Food Power (1983) Brookings Review, 1 (4), pp. 4-5; Tuomi, H., The Food Power: The Position of Main Exporting Countries in World Food Economy (1975) Instant Research on Peace and Violence, 5 (3), pp. 120-137; Coffey, J.D., The Role of Food in the International Affairs of the United States (1981) Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 13 (1), pp. 29-37; A New Food Regime: Necessary but Impossible (1980) International Organization, 34 (2), pp. 285-302; Shiva, V., Geopolitics of Food: America's Use of Food as a Weapon (1988) Economic and Political Weekly, 23 (18), pp. 881-882; Friedmann, H., The International Political Economy of Food: A Global Crisis (1995) International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 25 (3), pp. 511-538. , https://doi.org/10.2190/451A-896W-GGLK-ELXT; Kissinger, H., (2011) White House Years, , (New York: Simon and Schuster); Evans, P.M., Caging the Dragon: Post-War Economic Sanctions Against the People's Republic of China,' (1987) Utility of International Economic Sanctions, pp. 59-86; Friedmann, H., The Political Economy of Food: A Global Crisis (1993) New Left Review, (197), p. 41; Nau, H.R., The Diplomacy of World Food: Goals, Capabilities, Issues and Arenas (1978) International Organization, 32 (3), pp. 775-809; Donaghy, G., Stevenson, M.D., The Limits of Alliance: Cold War Solidarity and Canadian Wheat Exports to China, 1950-1963 (2009) Agricultural History, 83 (1), pp. 29-50; Becker, J., U.S. Approved Business with Blacklisted Nations (2010) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/24/world/24sanctions.html, December 23; Zhang, H., Fisheries Cooperation in the South China Sea: Evaluating the Options (2018) Marine Policy, 89, pp. 67-76. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.014, (February); Hornby, L., Cofco Unveils IPO Plans to Compete with U.S. Agribusinesses (2014) Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/05686af6-5ea1-11e4-b81d-00144feabdc0, October 28; Smith, V.H., Glauber, J.W., Trade, Policy, and Food Security (2020) Agricultural Economics, 51 (1), pp. 159-171. , https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12547; Zhang, H., Cheng, G., China's Food Security Strategy Reform (2016) China's Global Quest for Resources: Energy, Food and Water, 46, p. 23; Zha, D., Zhang, H., Food in China's International Relations (2013) Pacific Review, 26 (5), pp. 455-479; Klein, J.X., Churchill, O., China Says It Will Buy More Soybeans, but U.S. Farmers See a Bleak Future (2019) South China Morning Post, , https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2184825/china-says-it-will-buy-more-soybeans-american-farmers-see-bleak, February 4; Monnat, S.M., Brown, D.L., More than a Rural Revolt: Landscapes of Despair and the 2016 Presidential Election (2017) Journal of Rural Studies, 55, pp. 227-236; Ulrich-Schad, J.D., Duncan, C.M., People and Places Left behind: Work, Culture and Politics in the Rural United States (2018) Journal of Peasant Studies, 45 (1), pp. 59-79; Krugman, P., The Frauding of America's Farmers (2019) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/29/opinion/trump-trade-farmers.html, August 29},
correspondence_address1={Hongzhou, Z.; S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore; email: ishzzhang@ntu.edu.sg},
publisher={National Bureau of Asian Research},
issn={15590968},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mao20201776,
author={Mao, H. and Görg, H.},
title={Friends like this: The impact of the US–China trade war on global value chains},
journal={World Economy},
year={2020},
volume={43},
number={7},
pages={1776-1791},
doi={10.1111/twec.12967},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087299959&doi=10.1111%2ftwec.12967&partnerID=40&md5=81a2f4f095b91d2a55c348bc1e1939b1},
affiliation={Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Kiel Centre for Globalization, Kiel, Germany},
abstract={This paper considers the indirect impact the recent tariff increases between the United States and China can have on third countries through links in global supply chains. We combine data from input–output relationships, imports and tariffs, to calculate the impact of the tariff increases by both the United States and China on cumulative tariffs paid by third countries. We show that the tariff hikes increase cumulative tariffs for other countries and thus hurt trade partners further downstream in global supply chains. We also show that this is particularly important for tariff increases on Chinese imports in the United States. These are likely to be used as intermediates in production in the United States, which are then re-exported to third countries. The most heavily hit third countries are the closest trade partners, namely the EU, Canada and Mexico. We estimate that the tariffs impose an additional burden of around 500 million to 1 billion US dollars on these countries. China's tariffs on US imports have less of an effect. © 2020 The Authors. The World Economy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
author_keywords={cumulative tariffs;  indirect tariffs;  trade war},
keywords={economic impact;  global economy;  import;  input-output analysis;  supply chain management;  tariff structure;  trade relations, China;  United States},
funding_details={18JZD034},
funding_details={GZ 1535},
funding_details={Leibniz-GemeinschaftLeibniz-Gemeinschaft},
funding_details={Wuhan UniversityWuhan University, WHU, 4103‐413100001},
funding_text 1={We are grateful to David Greenaway and participants at the joint ECB‐IfW Workshop held at Kiel for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Leibniz Association through the Leibniz Science Campus ‘Kiel Centre for Globalization'. Mao would like to express her gratitude to the Lindau follow‐up funding from Sino‐German Center of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. GZ 1535), projects for Youth Academic Team in Humanities and Social Sciences of Wuhan University (No: 4103‐413100001), major funding on the National Social Science Foundation of Chinese Education Ministry (No. 18JZD034).},
funding_text 2={We are grateful to David Greenaway and participants at the joint ECB-IfW Workshop held at Kiel for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Leibniz Association through the Leibniz Science Campus ?Kiel Centre for Globalization'. Mao would like to express her gratitude to the Lindau follow-up funding from Sino-German Center of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. GZ 1535), projects for Youth Academic Team in Humanities and Social Sciences of Wuhan University (No: 4103-413100001), major funding on the National Social Science Foundation of Chinese Education Ministry (No. 18JZD034).},
references={Amiti, M., Redding, S., Weinstein, D., (2019) The impact of the 2018 trade waroon US prices and welfare, , https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=13564, (CEPR Discussion Paper 13564). Retrieved from, CEPR, webite; Balistreri, E., Böhringer, C., Rutherford, T.F., (2018) Quantifying disruptive trade policies, , https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp7382.pd, (CESIfo Working Paper 7382). Retrieved from, CESIfo, website; Bellora, C., Fontagne, L., (2019) Shooting oneself in the foot? Trade war and global value chains, , http://www.lionel-fontagne.eu/uploads/9/8/3/3/98330770/cb_lf_tradewar.pdf, Mimeo, CEPII; Bolt, W., Mavromatis, K., van Wijnbergen, S., (2019) The global macroeconomics of a trade war: The EAGLE model on the US-China trade conflict, , https://www.dnb.nl/en/news/dnb-publications/dnb-working-papers-series/dnb-working-papers/Workingpapers2019/dnb381886.js, (DNB Working Paper 623). Retrieved from, DNB, website; Corden, W.M., The structure of a tariff system and the effective protection rate (1966) Journal of Political Economy, 74, pp. 221-237; Costinot, A., Rodriguez-Clare, A., Trade theory with numbers: Quantifying the consequences of globalization (2014) Handbook of International Economics, 4, pp. 197-261; Felbermayr, G., Jund, B., Larch, M., The welfare consequences of import tariffs: A quantitative approach (2015) Journal of International Economics, 97, pp. 295-309; Greenaway, D., Milner, C., Effective protection, policy appraisal and trade policy reform (2003) The World Economy, 26 (4), pp. 441-456. , https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00531; Krueger, A.O., Lary, H.B., Monson, T., Akransanee, N., (1980) Trade and Employment in Developing Countries: Individual Studies, , Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press; Li, C., He, C., Lin, C., Economic impacts of the possible China–US trade war (2018) Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54 (7), pp. 1557-1577. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1446131; Ossa, R., Trade wars and trade talks with data (2014) American Economic Review, 104, pp. 4104-4146. , https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.12.4104; Rouzet, D., Miroudot, S., (2013) The cumulative impact of trade barriers along the value chain: An empirical assessment using the OECD inter-country input-output model, GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project), , https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=4184, Resource 4184},
correspondence_address1={Görg, H.; Kiel Centre for GlobalizationGermany; email: goerg@economics.uni-kiel.de},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={03785920},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bryson2020530,
author={Bryson, J.R. and Vanchan, V.},
title={COVID-19 and Alternative Conceptualisations of Value and Risk in GPN Research},
journal={Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie},
year={2020},
volume={111},
number={3},
pages={530-542},
doi={10.1111/tesg.12425},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087164319&doi=10.1111%2ftesg.12425&partnerID=40&md5=de6b35bc770b02de3e468b29a2e7f19a},
affiliation={Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Geography and Planning, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo State, United States},
abstract={The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major disturbance that has rippled across the world’s population, states, economy, and central nervous system or global production networks transforming the traditional roles of states, firms, individuals/consumers, and geographies of production. This paper offers a critical and context-based approach to understanding globalization and localization by challenging the conceptualization of ‘value’ and ‘risk’ within the current global production networks framework as well as identifying key operational strategies in risk management and national security. An analysis of the adaptation strategies of the GPNs of 91 companies identifies the role played by four different forms of value in configuring production networks. This is to balance ‘economic value’ with non-price-based sources of value and alternative values. The analysis underscores the critical role of the state in ensuring national and human security as well as its increasing power as a key actor in GPNs and the global economy. © 2020 Royal Dutch Geographical Society / Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig},
author_keywords={China-United States trade war;  COVID-19;  evolutionary economic geography;  global production networks;  risk;  value},
references={Ali, S.H., Keil, R., Global Cities and the Spread of Infectious Disease: The Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, Canada (2006) Urban Studies, 43, pp. 491-509; (2020) Counting the Cash, , https://www.asktraders.com/trading-community/counting-the-cash/#dataaccessed16April2020, Accessed on 15 April 2020; Coronavirus: New Look delays supplier payments ‘indefinitely’ (2020) BBC News, , https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52153183, Accessed on 8 April 2020; Beck, U., (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, , London, Sage; Behm, A., The Future of National Security and the Role of States (2017) Global Insecurity, pp. 327-345. , A. Burke, &, R. 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correspondence_address1={Bryson, J.R.; Birmingham Business School, United Kingdom; email: j.r.bryson@bham.ac.uk; Vanchan, V.; Department of Geography and Planning, United States; email: vanchav@buffalostate.edu},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={0040747X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tsatsakis2020,
author={Tsatsakis, A. and Petrakis, D. and Nikolouzakis, T.K. and Docea, A.O. and Calina, D. and Vinceti, M. and Goumenou, M. and Kostoff, R.N. and Mamoulakis, C. and Aschner, M. and Hernández, A.F.},
title={COVID-19, an opportunity to reevaluate the correlation between long-term effects of anthropogenic pollutants on viral epidemic/pandemic events and prevalence},
journal={Food and Chemical Toxicology},
year={2020},
volume={141},
doi={10.1016/j.fct.2020.111418},
art_number={111418},
note={cited By 86},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084761100&doi=10.1016%2fj.fct.2020.111418&partnerID=40&md5=90c2fe40a64f61e0ff774c514fe3d1de},
affiliation={Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Crete, Heraklion, 71409, Greece; Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY  10461, United States; Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, I-41125, Italy; School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA  20155, United States; Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, 180016, Spain},
abstract={Occupational, residential, dietary and environmental exposures to mixtures of synthetic anthropogenic chemicals after World War II have a strong relationship with the increase of chronic diseases, health cost and environmental pollution. The link between environment and immunity is particularly intriguing as it is known that chemicals and drugs can cause immunotoxicity (e.g., allergies and autoimmune diseases). In this review, we emphasize the relationship between long-term exposure to xenobiotic mixtures and immune deficiency inherent to chronic diseases and epidemics/pandemics. We also address the immunotoxicologic risk of vulnerable groups, taking into account biochemical and biophysical properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its immunopathological implications. We particularly underline the common mechanisms by which xenobiotics and SARS-CoV-2 act at the cellular and molecular level. We discuss how long-term exposure to thousand chemicals in mixtures, mostly fossil fuel derivatives, exposure toparticle matters, metals, ultraviolet (UV)–B radiation, ionizing radiation and lifestyle contribute to immunodeficiency observed in the contemporary pandemic, such as COVID-19, and thus threaten global public health, human prosperity and achievements, and global economy. Finally, we propose metrics which are needed to address the diverse health effects of anthropogenic COVID-19 crisis at present and those required to prevent similar future pandemics. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},
author_keywords={Chronic diseases;  Coronavirus;  COVID-19;  Epidemic;  Immune deficiency;  Pandemic;  Pollutants;  SARS-CoV-2;  Xenobiotics},
keywords={angiotensin converting enzyme 2;  aromatic hydrocarbon receptor;  fossil fuel;  heavy metal;  multi walled nanotube;  pesticide;  xenobiotic agent;  antivirus agent;  aromatic hydrocarbon receptor, airborne particle;  Article;  biochemistry;  biophysics;  cell function;  cell level;  chronic disease;  coronavirus disease 2019;  dietary supplement;  economic aspect;  human;  immune deficiency;  immune system;  immunopathology;  immunotoxicity;  intestine flora;  ionizing radiation;  lifestyle;  long term exposure;  macrophage;  pandemic;  particulate matter;  pollutant;  prevalence;  protein expression;  public health;  risk factor;  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;  signal transduction;  ultraviolet B radiation;  virus immunity;  vulnerable population;  air pollutant;  animal;  Betacoronavirus;  Coronavirus infection;  diet;  drug effect;  epidemic;  metabolism;  pandemic;  pathophysiology;  prevalence;  time;  toxicity;  virus pneumonia, Air Pollutants;  Animals;  Antiviral Agents;  Betacoronavirus;  Coronavirus Infections;  Diet;  Epidemics;  Humans;  Immune System;  Pandemics;  Pesticides;  Pneumonia, Viral;  Prevalence;  Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon;  Risk Factors;  Signal Transduction;  Time;  Xenobiotics},
chemicals_cas={Air Pollutants; Antiviral Agents; Pesticides; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Xenobiotics},
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Toxicol., 33 (12), pp. 1241-1252; Zaki, A.M., Van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Fouchier, R.A.M., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N. Engl. J. Med., 367, pp. 1814-1820; Zambrano-Zaragoza, J.F., Romo-Martínez, E.J., Durán-Avelar Mde, J., García-Magallanes, N., Vibanco-Pérez, N., Th17 cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases (2014) Int. J. Inflamm., 2014, p. 651503; Zhang, C., Wohlhueter, R., Zhang, H., Genetically modified foods: a critical review of their promise and problems (2016) Food Science and Human Wellness, 5 (3), pp. 116-123; Zhou, D., Dai, S.M., Tong, Q., COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression (2020) J Antimicrob Chemother. pii: dkaa114.; Zinöcker, M.K., Lindseth, I.A., The western diet-microbiome-host interaction and its role in metabolic disease (2018) Nutrients, 10 (3), p. 365},
correspondence_address1={Docea, A.O.; Department of Toxicology, Romania; email: ancadocea@gmail.com},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={02786915},
coden={FCTOD},
pubmed_id={32437891},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Food Chem. Toxicol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Pham2020,
author={Pham, M.T. and Bui, N.K. and Puzirevsky, R.},
title={Legal framework for environmental impact assessment in Vietnam: The challenges between the regulations and practice},
journal={E3S Web of Conferences},
year={2020},
volume={164},
doi={10.1051/e3sconf/202016411008},
art_number={11008},
note={cited By 3; Conference of 2019 Topical Problems of Green Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, TPACEE 2019 ; Conference Date: 20 November 2019 Through 22 November 2019;  Conference Code:159755},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085263092&doi=10.1051%2fe3sconf%2f202016411008&partnerID=40&md5=ebdb4e3f3cddd049a16a4c0b49ccb615},
affiliation={People's Court Bac Ninh, Suoi Hoa Ward, 46 Nguyen Gia Thieu Street, Bac Ninh City, Bac Ninh Province, 10000, Viet Nam; Graduate Academy of Social Science, 477 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 1 Sennaya str., Ryazan, 390000, Russian Federation},
abstract={After 30 years of economic reforms since the launch of Doi Moi in 1986, Vietnam has recorded significant and historic achievements. From a poor, war-ravaged, centrally planned economy, which was closed off from much of the outside world, Vietnam has become a middle-income country with a dynamic market economy that is deeply integrated into the global economy. But growth has to a large extent come at the cost of the environment. Vietnam's greenhouse gas emissions have grown the fastest in the region, while the environmental quality of its air, land, and water has deteriorated considerably. Water and air pollution have reached serious levels, especially near Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, posing major health risks. As the most important environmental management tool, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognized by Vietnamese Government and international organizations in the management of the impacts of future development on the country's natural resource base. EIA is the important Chapter of Law on environmental protection 2014 of Vietnam (which was passed by the 13 National Assembly at the 7th session on June 23, 2014). This article argue that while significant improvements have been achieved in the EIA legal framework, the challenges remains between the EIA regulations and practice. This article contend that the current EIA legal framework is poor and facing with challenges and that future developments of the EIA regulations in Vietnam should focus not only on legislative documents but also on improving capacity of EIA practitioners with strictly sanctions. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).},
keywords={Developing countries;  Economics;  Environmental impact assessments;  Environmental management;  Gas emissions;  Greenhouse gases;  Health risks;  Laws and legislation;  Water pollution, Centrally planned economy;  Environmental impact assessments (EIA);  Environmental management tool;  Environmental quality;  Global economies;  International organizations;  Legal frameworks;  Middle-income countries, Environmental regulations},
references={Hai, H.T., Quang, N.D., Thang, N.T., Nam, N.H., (2020) Circular Economy: Global Perspective, pp. 425-430. , Springer, Singapore; (2020) Five Years Summary Report on Enforcement of Law on Environment Protection 2014, , Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MONRE; (2015) Decree Nr.18/2015/ND-CP:Prescribing Environmental Protection Master Plan, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Protection Plan, , Government of Vietnam, dated on February 14, 2015), Hanoi; (2019) Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP: On Amendments to Decrees on Guidelines for the Law on Environment Protection, , Government of Vietnam, dated on May, 13rd 2019), Hanoi; (2018) Directive. Nr. 30/CT-TTg: For Improving the Quality of Administrative Procedures at Ministries, Branches and Localities, , Prime Minister of Vietnam, dated October 30, 2018), Hanoi; Law, V., Forum, L., (2015) Revised Law on Environmental Protection, , 13 Ausgust 2015; (2016) Vietnam 2035: Toward Prosperity, Creativity, Equity and Democracy, , International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /World Bank and Ministry of Planing and Insvestmen tofVietnam, Washington DC 20433; (2010) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.60/2010/QH12; (2012) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.17/2012/QH13; (2014) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.49/2014/QH13; (2014) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.50/2014/QH13; (2014) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.55/2014/QH13; (2014) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.67/2014/QH13; (2017) Vietnamese National Assembly's Law, , Nr.21/2017/QH14},
correspondence_address1={Pham, M.T.; People's Court Bac Ninh, 46 Nguyen Gia Thieu Street, Viet Nam; email: khanhlaw75@yahoo.com},
editor={Zheltenkov A., Mottaeva A.},
publisher={EDP Sciences},
issn={25550403},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={E3S Web Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stewart20201153,
author={Stewart, A.G.},
title={Mining is bad for health: a voyage of discovery},
journal={Environmental Geochemistry and Health},
year={2020},
volume={42},
number={4},
pages={1153-1165},
doi={10.1007/s10653-019-00367-7},
note={cited By 49},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068841107&doi=10.1007%2fs10653-019-00367-7&partnerID=40&md5=f9689b4898d3239b6fb267e89f494444},
affiliation={College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom},
abstract={Mining continues to be a dangerous activity, whether large-scale industrial mining or small-scale artisanal mining. Not only are there accidents, but exposure to dust and toxins, along with stress from the working environment or managerial pressures, give rise to a range of diseases that affect miners. I look at mining and health from various personal perspectives: that of the ordinary man (much of life depends on mined elements in the house, car and phone); as a member of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (environmental contamination and degradation leads to ill health in nearby communities); as a public health doctor (mining health is affected by many factors, usually acting in a mix, ranging from individual inheritance—genetic makeup, sex, age; personal choices—diet, lifestyle; living conditions—employment, war; social support—family, local community; environmental conditions—education, work; to national and international constraints—trade, economy, natural world); as a volunteer (mining health costs are not restricted to miners or industry but borne by everyone who partakes of mining benefits—all of us); and as a lay preacher (the current global economy concentrates on profit at the expense of the health of miners). Partnership working by academics with communities, government and industry should develop evidence-based solutions. Employment, health, economic stability and environmental protection need not be mutually exclusive. We all need to act. © 2019, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Determinants of disease;  Economics;  Pneumoconiosis;  Prevention;  Psychological stress;  Social support},
keywords={artisanal mining;  dust;  environmental protection;  health risk;  mining;  occupational exposure;  pollution exposure;  toxin, coal, adverse event;  dust;  female;  human;  male;  miner;  mining;  occupational disease;  occupational exposure;  occupational health;  pollution;  population health;  workplace, Coal;  Dust;  Environmental Pollution;  Female;  Humans;  Male;  Miners;  Mining;  Occupational Diseases;  Occupational Exposure;  Occupational Health;  Population Health;  Workplace},
chemicals_cas={Coal; Dust},
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correspondence_address1={Stewart, A.G.; College of Life and Environmental Science, United Kingdom; email: dragonsteeth@doctors.org.uk},
publisher={Springer},
issn={02694042},
pubmed_id={31289975},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Environ. Geochem. Health},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen20206837,
author={Nguyen, V.C.},
title={Trade liberalization, economic reforms and foreign direct investment – A critical analysis of the political transformation in Vietnam},
journal={International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology},
year={2020},
volume={29},
number={3},
pages={6837-6850},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083101138&partnerID=40&md5=486d5d4ba1b8a84b6abf48771c9fad1b},
affiliation={Thu Dau Mot University, Viet Nam},
abstract={The purpose of this study is to discuss the trends of integration into the global economy since political and economic reforms (so-called Doimoi) and its influence on every presence of foreign investment in Vietnam. Lasting 20-year-war period and ended in 1975, by the mid-1980s per capita income was stuck between $200 and $300, Vietnam’s government introduced Doimoi through a series of reforms, and steered the country to be a socialist-oriented market economy. Based on the analysis of reform process and integration, the results are concerned. Our results demonstrate that foreign direct investment performance has significantly embraced trade liberalization with gusto. Further, the open trade policy in relation to FTAs could significantly promote foreign investment and maximize its benefits on the economy. © 2019 SERSC.},
author_keywords={Doimoi;  Foreign direct investment;  FTAs;  Integration;  Trade liberalization},
references={Aitken, B., Hanson, G.H., Harrison, A.E., Spillovers, Foreign Direct Investment and Export Behavior (1997) Journal of International Economics, 43 (1-2), pp. 103-132; Vietnam, A., Vietnam’s Economy increasingly relies on FDI exports (2016) American Chamber of Commerce Vietnam, , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Chaudhry, N.I., Mehmood, M.S., Mehmood, A., Empirical Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: An ARDL Co-integration Approach for China (2013) China Finance Review International, 3 (1), pp. 26-41; Cling, J.P., Vietnam’s Terms of Accession and Distributional Impact of WTO Membership (2008) Development Institutions and Analyses De Long Terme, , Paris, France; Dasgupta, P., Mukhopadhyay, K., The Impact of the TPP on Selected ASEAN Economies (2017) Journal of Economics Structures, 6, p. 26. , (2017), https://doi.org/; Du, L., Harrison, A., Jefferson, G.H., Testing for Horizontal and Vertical Foreign Investment Spillovers in China (2011) Journal of Asian Economics, 23 (3), pp. 234-243; Frankel, J., Rose, A., An Estimate of the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade and Income (2002) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2 (1), pp. 437-446; Froman, M., (2016) United States – Vietnam Plan for the Enhancement of Trade and Labor Relations, , https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/TPP-Final-Text-Labour-US-VN-Plan-for-Enhancement-of-Trade-and-Labour-Relations.pdf; Harrison, A., Productivity, Imperfect Competition and Trade Reform. Theory and Evidence (1994) Journal of International Economics, 36, pp. 53-73; Harrison, A.E., Rodríguez-Clare, A., Trade, Foreign Investment and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries (2010) Handbook of Development Economics, 5, pp. 4039-4214; Helpman, E., Meliz, M.J., Yeaple, S.R., Export versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms (2004) American Economic Review, 94 (1), pp. 300-316; Hsing, H.M., Leading Indicators of Asian Currencies Crisis-the Weighted Signal Approach (2004) Asia Pacific Management Review, 9 (1), pp. 119-136; Le, D.D., Foreign Direct Investment in Viet Nam: Results, Achievements, Challenges and Prospect (2002) International Monetary Fund Conference on Foreign Direct Investment Hanoi, , August 16-17, 2002; McCaig, B., Panvnik, N., Moving out of Agriculture: Structural Change in Vietnam (2013) NBER Working Paper., , No., Nov 2013; (2020) The General Introduction to EVFTA and IPA, , http://evfta.moit.gov.vn/?page=overview&category_id=fb203c7b-54d6-4af7-85ca-c51f227881dd, Department of European-American Market, Ministry of Industry and Trade. Available at; Mun, H.W., Lin, T.K., Yee, K.M., FDI and Economic Growth Relationship: An Empirical Study on Malaysia (2008) International Business Research, 1 (2), pp. 11-18; Nguyen, A.N., Nguyen, T., (2007) Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam: An Overview and Analysis of the Determinant of Spatial Distribution across Provinces., , Development and Policies Research Center. Working Paper, Hanoi, Vietnam; Nguyen, P.L., Absorptive Capacity, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Vietnam (2008) International Graduate School of Business, , PhD thesis, University of South Australia; Nguyen, T.A., (2006) The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment to Economic Growth in Vietnam, , Central Institute for Economic Management, Hanoi; Nguyen, C., (2018) Foreign Direct Investment, Productivity and Export Participation: The Case of Vietnam’s Manufacturing Sector., , Department of Economics, Colombo University; Nguyen, V., Human capital, capital structure choice and firm profitability in developing countries: An empirical study in Vietnam (2020) Accounting, 6 (2), pp. 127-136. , http://dx.doi.org/; Nguyen, V.C., Energy consumption, income, trading openness, and environmental pollution: Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (2020) Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55 (1), pp. 1-10. , https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.1.6; Vietnam and Malaysia play vital roles in making TPP 11 happen (2017) Nikkei Asian Review, , https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Vietnam-and-Malaysia-play-vital-roles-in-making-TPP-11-happen, linked at; Main Determinants and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on China’s Economy (2000) Working Papers on International Investment, 2000 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1787/321677880185, OECD Publishing; (2002) Foreign Direct Investment for Development: Maximum Benefits and Minimum Costs, , OECD Publications Service, Paris, France; Petri, P.A., Plummerm, M.G., (2016) The Trans Pacific Partnership and Asia-Pacific Integration: Policy Implications., , Policy Brief, No.PB12-16, Peterson on Institute for International Economics; Pham, T.H.H., Does WTO Accession Matters for the Dynamics of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade? (2011) Economics of Transition, 19 (2), pp. 255-285; Schellhorn, K.M., Political and Economic Reforms in Vietnam (1992) Contemporary Southeast Asia, 14 (3), pp. 231-243; Subramanian, A., Wei, S., (2003) The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly but Unevenly., , IMF Working Paper. No.03/185, September; Tybout, J.R., Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries: How Well Do They Do, and Why? (2000) Journal of Economic Literature, 38, pp. 11-44; Van, N.C., Do, T.T., Impact of Exchange Rate Shocks, Inward FDI and Import on Export Performance: A Cointegration Analysis (2020) Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7 (4); Wang, J., Growth Technology Transfer, the Long-Run Theory of International Capital Movements (1990) Journal of International Economics, 29 (3-4), pp. 255-271; Wignall, A.B., Solving the Financial and Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe (2012) OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, OECD Publishing, 2011 (2), pp. 201-224; (2010) Foreign Direct Investment – the Story of China, , https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/07/16/foreign-direct-investment-china-story, July 16, 2010; (2011) Vietnam Development Report 2012: Market Economy for a Middle Income Vietnam, , Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group},
correspondence_address1={Nguyen, V.C.; Thu Dau Mot UniversityViet Nam; email: chienmpp3@gmail.com},
publisher={Science and Engineering Research Support Society},
issn={20054238},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bosma2020159,
author={Bosma, U.},
title={Communism, cold war and commodity chains: Southeast Asian labor history in a comparative and transnational perspective},
journal={International Labor and Working-Class History},
year={2020},
volume={97},
pages={159-179},
doi={10.1017/S0147547920000022},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091009773&doi=10.1017%2fS0147547920000022&partnerID=40&md5=fc4fc15178982f3dc508903015e7fc1c},
affiliation={International Institute of Social History Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands},
abstract={The geographical term “Southeast Asia” dates from the 1930s, and came to denote a topic for academic studies in the early days of the Cold War.1 As such, it includes Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indochina, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines. Southeast Asia has become thoroughly incorporated in the global economy over the past 150 years; first, as a producer of commodities, and later, as a supplier of cheap garments and electronic components. Under Dutch colonialism and British hegemony-the latter established by the conquest of Burma and the imposition of free trade on Siam and the Philippines in the 1850s-Southeast Asia was turned into a key provider of commodities for the industrializing countries. During high colonialism, from 1870 to 1930, the region became increasingly intertwined, via Singapore as the central port and through the role of mainland Southeast Asia as the rice basket for the plantations of maritime Southeast Asia. After the Second World War, the region was the world's most violent frontier of containment for communist expansion. In recent decades, Southeast Asia has become integrated in global commodity chains as a producer of cheap industrial goods, often as a subcontractor for more advanced economies, such as those of Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, and later on, Southeast China. © International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc., 2020},
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Corporate paternalism (2008) Trade Unions in Asia. An Economic and Sociological Analysis, 108, p. 111. , New York; Gamba, Labour and Labour Parties in Malaya, p. 125; Berger, Decolonisation, p. 433; Crinis, Crinis, Vickers, Labour in the Clothing Industry, p. 26; Ford, Workers and Intellectuals, p. 53; Christie, K., Illiberal democracy, modernisation and southeast Asia (1998) Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, 91, pp. 102-118; Ford, Workers and Intellectuals, p. 35; Brown, A., Thonachaisetavut, B., Hewison, K., Labour relations and regulation in Thailand: Theory and practice (2002) Southeast Asia Research Centre, p. 6. , Working Papers Series 27. City University of Hong Kong; Ong, Spirits of Resistance, 144-45, p. 148; Jomo, Todd, Trade Unions, p. 153; McKay, S.C., The squeaky wheel's dilemma: New forms of labor organizing in the Philippines (2006) Labor Studies Journal, 30, pp. 46-47; Ramos, Labor Conflict, p. 188; McKay, S.C., Hard drives and glass ceilings: Gender stratification in high-tech production (2006) Gender and Society, 20, pp. 207-235; Jomo, Todd, Trade Unions, p. 30; Ariffin, R., Women and trade unions in west Malaysia (1989) Journal of Contemporary Asia, 19, pp. 78-94. , here, 81; Ong, Spirits of Resistance, p. 153; Mather, C., (1982) Industrialisation in the Tangerang Regency of West Java: Women Workers and the Islamic Patriarchy, , also Working Paper, University of Amsterdam; McKay, Hard Drives and Glass Ceilings, pp. 207-235; Wolf, D.L., (1992) Factory Daughters: Gender, Household Dynamics, and Rural Industrialization in Java, p. 178. , also Berkeley; Pansapa, Textures of Struggle; Ford, M., Continuity and change in Indonesian labour relations in the Habibie interregnum (2000) Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 28, pp. 59-88. , here, 68, 70; Silvey, R., Gender geographies of activism: Motherhood, migration, and labour protest in west Java, Indonesia (2003) Asian Journal of Social Science, 31, pp. 340-363. , here, 349, 355; Elmhirst, R., Labour Politics in Migrant Communities; Neureiter, Organized Labor, p. 1079; Ford, Workers and Intellectuals, p. 75; Ford, Continuity and Change, p. 73; Neureiter, M., Organized labor and democratization in southeast Asia (2013) Asian Survey, 53, pp. 1063-1086; Ramos, E.T., Labour policy change and its impact on trade union roles in Singapore and the Philippines: A comparative study (1984) Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 19, pp. 331-346; Charoenloet, V., Ativanichayapong, N., Wanabriboon, P., (2004) The Impact of Trade Union Solidarity Support Organisations in Thailand 1993-2002, p. 9. , Bangkok Chulalongkorn University Political Economy Study Center, The report was kindly made available to the author by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Foundation; Neureiter, Organized Labor, pp. 1074-1076; Neureiter, Organized Labor, pp. 1074-1076; Brown, Working paper,” 5; Piya pangsapa, textures of struggle (2007) The Emergence of Resistance among Garment Workers in Thailand, 27, p. 31. , Ithaca, NY; Yukongdi, V., Trade unions in Thailand: Declining strength and influence (2008) Trade Unions in Asia. An Economic An Sociological Analysis, pp. 216-235. , John Benson and Ying Zhu New York; Pansapa, Textures of Struggle, pp. 80-129. , chapter 2; Pansapa, Textures of Struggle, 31, p. 126. , 131, 148, 151; Crinis, Tran, (in Crinis and Vickers), p. 91; Ford, Continuity and Change, p. 77; Charoenloet, A., Wanabriboon, The Impact of Trade Union Solidarity, p. 20; Ford, M., Learning by doing: Trade unions and electoral politics in Batam, Indonesia, 2004-2009 (2014) South East Asia Research, 22, pp. 341-357; Hadiz, V.R., The Indonesian labour movement: Resurgent or constrained? (2002) Southeast Asian Affairs, pp. 130-142; McKay, The Squeaky Wheel's Dilemma, pp. 41-63. , here, 44; McKay, The Squeaky Wheel's Dilemma, pp. 53-54; Ford, M., (2009) Workers and Intellectuals: NGOs, Trade Unions and the Indonesian Labour Movement, pp. 4-6. , Leiden; O'Rourke, D., Brown, G., (2000) Beginning to Just Do It: Current Workplace and Environmental Conditions at the Tae Kwang Vina Nike Shoe Factory in Vietnam, , http://web.mit.edu/dorourke/www/PDF/Beginning.pdf/, November 8, 2000, online at: consulted on May 24, 2018; Isaaac, J., Sitalaksmi, S., Trade unions in Indonesia. From state incorporation to market orientation (2008) Trade Unions in Asia. An Economic An Sociological Analysis, pp. 236-255. , John Benson and Ying Zhu New York; Ford, Continuity and Change, p. 71; Torm, N., The role of trade unions in Vietnam: A case study of small and medium enterprises (2014) Journal of International Development, 26, pp. 207-221; Chan, Norlund, Vietnamese and Chinese Labour Regimes, pp. 178-179; Trân, A.N., Through the eye of the needle: Vietnamese textile and garment industries rejoining the global economy (1996) Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 10, p. 91; Trân, N., Through the Eye of the Needle, pp. 83-126. , here, 84; Gereffi, G., The organization of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How U.S. Retailers shape overseas production networks (1994) Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, pp. 95-121. , Gary Gereffi and Miguel Korzeniewicz Westport, CT, and London; Kerkvliet, Workers' Protests, pp. 168-169; Wang, Asian Transnational Corporations, p. 50; Tria Kerkvliet, B.J., Workers' protests in contemporary Vietnam (with some comparisons to those in the pre-1975 South) (2010) Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 5, pp. 162-204. , here, 162-63; Kerkvliet, Workers' Protests, p. 177; Tran, N., Alternatives, p. 436; Kerkvliet, Workers' Protests, p. 166; Tran, Alternatives; Nuon, V., Serrano, M., Building unions in Cambodia (2010) History, Challenges, Strategies, 18, p. 71. , http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/singapur/07907.pdf, Singapore, 80, consulted on May 24, 2018; Nuon, Serrano, Building Unions, pp. 50-51; Un, K., Cambodia in 2012: Towards developmental authoritarianism? (2013) Southeast Asian Affairs, pp. 73-86; (2016) Cambodian Garment and Footwear Sector Bulletin, (4). , http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-asia/-ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_517535.pdf, August consulted on May 24, 2018; Kane, G., Facts on Cambodia's Garment Industry, Cambodia Factsheet 1, Clean Clothes Campaign, , https://cleanclothes.org/resources/publications/factsheets/cambodia-factsheet-february-2015.pdf; Arnold, D., Pickles, J., Global work, surplus labor, and the precarious economies of the border (2011) Antipode, 43, pp. 1598-1624; Crinis, V., Tran, A.N., Migrant workers in the clothing industry: Networking in Christian spaces (2017) Labour in the Clothing Industry in the Asia Pacific, pp. 80-96. , Vicki Crinis and Adrian Vickers, London and New York; Arnold, Hewison, Exploitation Global Supply Chains, p. 184; Arnold, Pickles, Global Work, 1608, p. 1610; Thongyou, M., Ayuwat, D., Lao migrant workers in Thailand (2006) Transnational Migration and Work in Asia, pp. 57-74. , Kevin Hewison and Ken Young London and New York; Arnold, Pickles, Global Work, p. 1613; Pollock, J., Aung, S.L., Critical times: Gendered implications of the economic crisis for migrant workers from Burma/Myanmar in Thailand (2010) Gender & Development, 18, pp. 213-227; Arnold, Hewison, Exploitation in global supply chains. Burmese migrant workers in mae sot (2006) Transnational Migration and Work in Asia, pp. 165-190. , Kevin Hewison and Ken Young London and New York; Campbell, S., Cross-ethnic labour solidarities among myanmar workers in Thailand (2012) Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 27, pp. 260-284; Arnold, Pickles, Global Work, p. 1618; Arnold, Hewison, Exploitation in Global Supply Chains, p. 180; Arnold, Hewison, Exploitation in the Global Supply Chains, p. 169; Brown, A., Hewison, K., Economics is the deciding factor: Labour politics in Thaksin's Thailand (2005) Pacific Affairs, 78, pp. 353-375. , here, 362-63, 368},
correspondence_address1={Bosma, U.; International Institute of Social History Amsterdam, Netherlands},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={01475479},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Labor Work.-Cl. Hist.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rymarczyk2020185,
author={Rymarczyk, J.},
title={Technologies, opportunities and challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0: Theoretical considerations},
journal={Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review},
year={2020},
volume={8},
number={1},
pages={185-198},
doi={10.15678/EBER.2020.080110},
note={cited By 52},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084227521&doi=10.15678%2fEBER.2020.080110&partnerID=40&md5=224406b843aa5a37ef06bdbae4d97912},
affiliation={Wyzsża Szkoła Bankowa w Poznaniu, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 5, Poznań, 61-874, Poland},
abstract={Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the impact of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) on the production processes of goods and services, their ground-breaking changes, and their potential economic, social, and political consequences. Research Design & Methods: The article was based on available literature and online sources. The discussion of the reviewed sources leads to the formulation of three research propositions. Findings: The technical progress that occurs in modern societies is divided into 4 phases called industrial revolutions. It is assumed that the current phase, i.e. the IR 4.0, began in 2000. It is characterized by the industrial implementation of breakthrough inventions such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, advanced robots, autonomous vehicles, cloud computing, big data, augmented/simulated reality, 3D printing, blockchain, nanomaterials, and digital twins. Implications & Recommendations: The sooner the inventions and technological phenomena of the fourth industrial revolution will be implemented by particular economies, the sooner the economic effects of this revolution will emerge in the global economy. Contribution & Value Added: The application of breakthrough inventions will cause revolutionary changes in the process of goods production and services, which are synthetically called an intelligent factory and an intelligent supply chain. In addition to the undoubted benefits of - primarily - technical, organizational, and economic nature, many believe that the IR 4.0 will bring threats in the form of rising unemployment, social stratification, threats to cyber security, violations of privacy, ethics, and social norms, a threat of wars based on new inventions and a growing division of the world into rich and poor countries. © 2020, Cracow University of Economics. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Blockchain;  Breakthrough technologies;  Digitalization;  Digitization;  Industrial revolution 4.0;  Intelligent factory;  Intelligent supply chain},
funding_details={Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa WyższegoMinisterstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, MNiSW},
funding_text 1={The copyediting and proofreading of articles in English is financed in the framework of contract No. 913/P-DUN/2019 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland committed to activities aimed at science promotion.},
references={Benazzouz, N.M., Disruptive Innovation: A Historical Review and Recent Developments (2018) Horizons of Politics, 9 (29), pp. 113-130. , https://doi.org/10.17399/HP.2018.092907; Bonnefon, J.-F., Shariff, A., Rahwan, I., The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles (2016) Science, 352 (6293), pp. 1573-1576. , https://doi.ogr/10.1126/science; Burke, R., Mussomeli, A., Laaper, S., (2017) The smart factory, , Westlake: DeLoitte University Press; Dhillon, V., Metcalf, D., Hooper, M., (2018) Blockchain enabled applications: Understand the blockchain ecosystem and how to make it work for you, , Orlando, FL: Apress; Erl, T., Mahmood, Z., Puttini, R., (2013) Cloud Computing., , Boston: Prentice Hall; (2018) Capitalising on the benefits of the 4th Industrial Revolution, , Brussels: European Commission; Freeman, R.B., Ownership when AI robots do more of the work and earn more of the income (2018) Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 1 (1). , https://doi.org/10.1108/JPEO-04-2018-0015; Gregor, M., Medvecky, S., Matuszek, J., Stefanik, A., Digital Factory (2009) Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, 3 (3), pp. 123-132; Ghobakhloo, M., The future of manufacturing industry: A strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0 (2018) Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29 (6). , https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2018-0057; Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M., Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions (2013) Future Generation Computer Systems, 29, pp. 1645-1660; Iansati, M., Lakhani, K.R., The Truth about Blockchain (2017) Harvard Business Review, 95 (1), pp. 118-127; Jung, T.H., Dieck, M.C., Augmented reality, virtual reality and 3D printing for the co-creation of value for the visitor experience at cultural heritage places (2017) Journal of Place Management and Development, 10 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-07-2016-0045; Lorenz, M., Rüßmann, M., Strack, R., Lueth, K., Bolle, M., Man and Machine in Industry 4.0, , Boston: Boston Consulting Group; Młody, M., New production patterns and the future of manufacturing relocation trend in the 4.0 era: The perspective of consumers (2018) International Entrepreneurship| Przedsiębiorczość Międzynarodowa, 4 (3), pp. 287-302; Nowiński, W., Kozma, M., How Can Blockchain Technology Disrupt the Existing Business Models? (2017) Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 5 (3), pp. 173-188. , https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050309; Pauleen, D.J., Wang, W.Y.C., Does big data mean big knowledge? KM perspectives on big data and analytics (2016) Journal of Knowledge Management, 21 (1). , https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2016-0339; Petrillo, A., De Felice, F., Cioffi, R., Zomparelli, F., Fourth Industrial Revolution: Current Practices, Challenges and Opportunities (2018) Digital Transformation in Smart Manufacturing, , A. Petrillo, R. Cioffi, & F. De Felice (Eds.), Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; Pitkethly, M.J., Nanomaterials -the driving force (2004) Materials Today, 7 (12), pp. 20-29; Prisecaru, P., Challenges of the fourth industrial revolution (2016) Knowledge Horizons -Economics, 8 (1), pp. 57-62; (2014) Industry 4.0 Chancen und Herausforderungen der vierten industriellen Revolution, , https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Industrie-4-0.pdf, PwC Strategy & GmbH. Retrieved from, on August 31, 2019; Ramya, A., Vanapalli, S., 3D printing technologies in various applications (2016) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7 (3), pp. 116-127; Rymarczyk, J., (2012) Biznes międzynarodowy, , Warszawa: PWE; Sieja, M., Wach, K., The Use of Evolutionary Algorithms for Optimization in the Modern Entrepreneurial Economy: Interdisciplinary Perspective (2019) Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7 (4), pp. 117-130. , https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070407; Schwab, K., (2016) The Fourth Industrial Revolution, , London: Portfolio Penguin; Schwab, K., (2016) The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What it means., , New York: Crown Publishing Group; Shabbir, I., Anwer, T., Artificial Intelligence and its Role in Near Future (2015) Journal of LATEX Class Files, 14 (8), pp. 1-10. , https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.01396.pdf, Retrieved from, on September 12, 2019; Upadhyay, N., (2019) UnBlock the Blockchain, , Singapore: Springer; Warwick, K., (2012) Artificial Intelligence: The Basics, , London: Routledge; (2017) Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Supply Chain, , Geneva: World Economic Forum; Wyciślak, S., Implications of digitalization for value chains (2017) International Entrepreneurship| Przedsiębiorczość Międzynarodowa, 3 (2), pp. 37-48},
correspondence_address1={Rymarczyk, J.; Wyzsża Szkoła Bankowa w Poznaniu, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 5, Poland; email: jan.rymarczyk@wsb.poznan.pl},
publisher={Cracow University of Economics},
issn={2353883X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Entrep. Bus. Econ. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{True202085,
author={True, J.},
title={Continuums of violence and peace: A feminist perspective},
journal={Ethics and International Affairs},
year={2020},
volume={34},
number={1},
pages={85-95},
doi={10.1017/S0892679420000064},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082525329&doi=10.1017%2fS0892679420000064&partnerID=40&md5=844406e00a9d7f347bd4b61c8b38489a},
abstract={What does world peace mean? Peace is more than the absence and prevention of war, whether international or civil, yet most of our ways of conceptualizing and measuring peace amount to just that definition. In this essay, as part of the roundtable "World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It)," I argue that any vision of world peace must grapple not only with war but with the continuums of violence and peace emphasized by feminists: running from the home and community to the public spaces of international relations. Breaking free of the constraints of the last century's intellectual boundaries, I suggest that war and peace are not a dichotomy but rather are intimately related. Yet the dearth of feminist perspectives in global debates prevents us from seeing how violence and harm are exacerbated in households and through the global economy under conditions of both "war" and "peace." To understand the possibilities for world peace, we must understand these varieties of violence and harm that threaten peace. And to sustain peace we must address the harmful gendered identities, ideologies, and social dynamics that support violence in every society. A narrow understanding of peace as merely the absence of organized violence does not engender the kind of nuanced and rich understanding of human history and human relations needed to bring an end to the structural and physical violence that remains pervasive worldwide. © 2020 Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs.},
author_keywords={Conflict;  Conflict-related sexual violence;  Continuum of violence;  Feminist peace;  Gender;  Gender-based violence;  Peacebuilding;  Violence against women;  War},
references={Bellamy, A.J., (2019) World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It), p. 11. , New York: Oxford University Press; Goldstein, J.S., (2001) War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; Enloe, C., (1988) Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, , London: Pandora; Mann, M., (1986) The Sources of Social Power, 1, A History of Power from the Beginning to AD ij6o, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; Hudson, V.M., Caprioli, M., Ballif-Spanvill, B., McDermott, R., Emmett, C.F., The heart of the matter: The security of women and the security of states (2009) International Security, 33 (3), pp. 7-45; Caprioli, M., Gendered conflict (2000) Journal of Peace Research, 37 (1), pp. 51-68. , January; Melander, E., Gender equality and inter-state armed conflict (2005) International Studies Quarterly, 49 (4), pp. 695-714. , December; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 5; (2014) The Uppsala Conflict Data Program, UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia, , www.ucdp.uu.se/, Uppsala: Uppsala University; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 2; Pinker, S., (2011) The Better Angels of Our Nature: The Decline of Violence in History and Its Causes, , London: Allen Lane; Goldstein, J.S., (2011) Winning the War on War, , New York: Dutton Adult; Fedotov, Y., (2018) Global Study on Homocide: Gender-Related Killing of Women and Girls, p. 1. , Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; True, J., Winning the battle but losing the war: A feminist perspective on the declining global violence thesis (2015) International Feminist Journal of Politics, 18 (4), pp. 554-572; (2019) Forced from Home: Climate-Fuelled Displacement, Oxfam Digital Repository, , oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620914/mb-climate-displacement-cop25-021219-en.pdf, December 2; Facts and Figures Our Watch, , www.ourwatch.org.au/understanding-violence/facts-and-figures; (2018) Summary of the Report on Violence against Women: The Causes, Contexts and Situation of Violence against Women in Afghanistan, , www.aihrc.org.af/media/files/Research%20Reports/Summerry%20report-VAW-2017.pdf, Kabul: AIRHC; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 114; Galtung, J., Violence, peace, and peace research (1969) Journal of Peace Research, 6 (3), pp. 167-191. , September; Petter Gleditsch, N., Pinker, S., Thayer, B.A., Levy, J.S., Thompson, W.R., The forum: The decline of war (2013) International Studies Review, 15 (3), pp. 396-419. , September; Ní Aoláin, F., (2011) Dina Francesca Haynes, and Naomi Cahn, on the Frontlines: Gender, War, and the Post-Conflict Process, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1993) Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, , www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/violenceagainstwomen.aspx, UN General Assembly, A/RES/48/104, UN General Assembly, 85th Plenary Meeting, December 20; Maleševic, S., (2017) The Rise of Organised Brutality: A Historical Sociology of Violence, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 15; Ickner, J.A., Rue, J., A century of international relations feminism: From world war one women's peace pragmatism to the women, peace and security agenda (2018) International Studies Quarterly, 62 (2), pp. 221-233; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 14; Bjarnegård, E., Melander, E., Pacific men: How the feminist gap explains hostility (2017) Pacific Review, 30 (4), pp. 1-16. , January; Linzer, D.A., The political economy of women's support for fundamentalist islam (2008) World Politics, 60 (4), pp. 576-609. , July; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 204; Enloe, C., (2004) The Curious Feminist: Searching for Women in A New Age of Empire, p. 215. , Berkeley: University of California; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 175; True, J., Morales-Riveros, Y., Toward inclusive peace: Analysing gender-sensitive peace agreements 2000-2016 (2019) International Political Science Review, 40 (1), pp. 1-18. , January; Johnson, M., True, J., (2019) Misogyny & Violent Extremism: Implications for Preventing Violent Extremism, , www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/ooo7/2003389/Policy-Brief_VE_and_VAW_V7t.pdf, Melbourne: Monash Gender, Peace and Security Centre; Guterres, A., Remarks at Opening of the 74th Session of the un General Assembly, , www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/20i9-09-i7/remarks-opening-of-74th-session-of-unga, (remarks, United Nations General Assembly, September 24, 2019), United Nations Secretary-General; Krause, J., Krause, W., Bränfors, P., Women s participation in peace negotiations and the durability of peace (2018) International Interactions: Empirical and Theoretical Research in International Relations, 44 (6), pp. 985-1016. , August; Bellamy, World Peace, p. 115; Hozic, A.A., True, J., International financial institutions and the gendered circuits of violence in post-conflict Special Issue, Review of International Political Economy, , forthcoming},
correspondence_address1={True, J.},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={08926794},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ethics Int. Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shavshukov2020,
author={Shavshukov, V.M. and Zhuravleva, N.A.},
title={Global economy: New risks and leadership problems},
journal={International Journal of Financial Studies},
year={2020},
volume={8},
number={1},
doi={10.3390/ijfs8010007},
art_number={7},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079896126&doi=10.3390%2fijfs8010007&partnerID=40&md5=507d953f533756b2eadf8ae8ff963268},
affiliation={Saint-Petersburg State University, 62, Chaikovskogo Street, St Petersburg, 191123, Russian Federation; Emperor Alexander I St Petersburg State Transport University, 9, Moskovsky Pr., St Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation},
abstract={After the global crisis of 2008–2009, the world economy entered the era of restructuring. This article focuses on the risks that a new leader will face in the process of shaping the world economy. The methods employed in the research include big data processing of continuous change and the results of the symmetric macroeconomic analysis based on the statistics collected by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The Word Bank (WB), Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Central banks and Treasuries. The study results proved that the recessionary processes, their depth and global nature, are caused by a combination of world financial system crises and general civilization problems. These new systemic risks for the world economy might result in new global crises that will limit the resources of international financial institutions for sustainable development. Besides, for most banks these crises will mean shifting a big share of derivatives to the off-balance liabilities, using Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) in deals, followed by an increase in state and corporate debts, trade wars, a slowdown of economic development in China, and widening contradictions between global and national finances. Regular research and systematization have developed certain guidelines for the global economic restructuring process. First of all, it is recommended on the base of interstate compromises to focus on international agreements to ensure a solid foundation for global finance. On the basis of the comparative analysis carried out for the USA, China and other counties, it was made clear that no one leader in world economy in 21st century views the world reserve as based on the currency of one country only. Instead, there will be a slow transition to using Special Drawing Rights (SDR) with a basket from 15–20 currencies G20. © 2020 by the authors.},
author_keywords={Leadership problem;  Nature of global crises;  Risks of the financial markets;  World economy},
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(2016) Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 11, pp. 75-81; Popescu, G.H., Alpopi, C., Comanescu, M., Ciurlau, F.C., Through a Glass Darkly: The Political Foundations of Sustainable European Monetary Union (2017) Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 12, pp. 70-75; Postelnicu, C., Dinu, V., Dabija, D.-C., Economic deglobalization—from hypothesis to reality (2015) E & M Ekonomie a Management, 18, pp. 4-14; Rajan, R., Global cooperation is needed to reap the benefits and avoid the pitfalls of cross-border capital flows (2019) Finance & Development, 56; Hee-Young, S., The IMF’s Financial Programming, Financialization, and Stagnant Corporate Investment in Korea after the Asian Financial Crisis (2017) Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 12, pp. 11-42; Xiaoling, S., Deng, X., Wu, R., Comparing the Influence of Green Credit on Commercial Bank Profitability in China and Abroad: Empirical Test Based on a Dynamic Panel System Using GMM (2019) Int. J. Financial Stud, 7, p. 64; (2014) Available Online, , www.swift.com, accessed on 14 March 2015; (2015) Available Online: Https://Www.Bloomberg.Com/Graphics/2015-Innovative-Countries/(Accessed on 12 June 2019); (2011) The Economist, p. 102. , https://www.economist.com/newsbook/2011/05/13/digital-highlights-may-14th-2011; Adam, T., In the postcrisis world, the Fund must move beyond its role as lender of last resort (2019) Finance & Development, 56, pp. 30-31; China, T.E., (2019) Available Online, , https://tradingeconomics.com/china/calendar, accessed on 12 June 2019; (2019) Available Online, , https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/calendar, accessed on 12 June 2019; Tuffnell, C., Pavol, K., Pavol, D., Krulicky, T., Industry 4.0-based Manufacturing Systems: Smart Production, Sustainable Supply Chain Networks, and Real-Time Process Monitoring (2019) Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 7, pp. 7-12; (2018) World Economic Situation and Prospects, , https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/WESP2018_Full_Web-1.pdf; (2012) The National Accounts Main Aggregates Database, , http://unstats.un.org/; (2012) Statistical Abstract of the United States., , https://mail.rambler.ru/m/redirect?url=https%3A//drive.google.com/file/d/19zXD8cOMkLi4khFDhsaKrMT83Y_Xe7Yg/view%3Fusp%3Dsharing&hash=e10bc21691ca8e66be2225e38a6794c0, Available online:, (accessed on 28 September 2019); (2019) US Population, , http://www.usapopulation.org//(accessedon14, June; (2007) USA, , www.USA.org; White, W., How to put the global economy on a sustainable growth path? (2010) OECD Observer, 279; (2016) Report, , https://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/report-highlights, (accessed on 14 June 2017); Growth Slowdown, Precarious Recovery (2019) Chapter 3: The Price of Capital Goods: A Driver of Investment under Threat? IMF., , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/03/28/world-economic-outlook-april-2019, (accessed on 11 June 2019); (2019), https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/china-population, (accessed on 14 June 2019); Natalia, Z., Managerial challenges in Russian railways privatization and restructuring in the context of integration into global transport systems (2017) Ekonomicko-Manazerske Spectrum, 11, pp. 122-133; Felix, Z., Comparing Financial Systems around the World: Capital Markets, Legal Systems, and Governance Regimes (2017) Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 12, pp. 43-58; Bertrand, Z., Deglobalization for sustainable development (2012) Development Durable & Territories 3},
correspondence_address1={Zhuravleva, N.A.; Emperor Alexander I St Petersburg State Transport University, 9, Moskovsky Pr., Russian Federation; email: zhuravleva_na@mail.ru},
publisher={MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
issn={22277072},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intern. J. Financial Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Garfinkel2020,
author={Garfinkel, M.R. and Syropoulos, C. and Yotov, Y.V.},
title={Arming in the global economy: The importance of trade with enemies and friends},
journal={Journal of International Economics},
year={2020},
volume={123},
doi={10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103295},
art_number={103295},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079545799&doi=10.1016%2fj.jinteco.2020.103295&partnerID=40&md5=3e1137c8e0ca13c07df843a3e3581ffe},
affiliation={University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Drexel University and ifo Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States},
abstract={We analyze how trade openness matters for interstate conflict over productive resources. Our analysis features a terms-of-trade channel that makes security policies trade-regime dependent. Specifically, trade between two adversaries reduces each one's incentive to arm given the opponent's arming. If these countries have a sufficiently similar mix of initial resource endowments, greater trade openness brings with it a reduction in resources diverted to conflict and thus wasted, as well as the familiar gains from trade. Although a move to trade can otherwise induce greater arming by one country and thus need not be welfare improving for both, aggregate arming falls. By contrast, when the two adversaries do not trade with each other but instead trade with a third (friendly) country, a move from autarky to trade intensifies conflict between the two adversaries, inducing greater arming. With data from the years surrounding the end of the Cold War, we exploit the contrasting implications of trade costs between enemies versus trade costs between friends to provide some suggestive evidence in support of the theory. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Arming;  Comparative advantage;  Conflict;  Interstate disputes;  Resource insecurity;  Trade openness},
keywords={comparative advantage;  conflict management;  global economy;  trade openness},
funding_details={Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt University, VU},
funding_text 1={This is a substantially revised version of a paper that circulated under the title of “Trading with the Enemy.” We are heavily indebted to Stergios Skaperdas for extensive discussions, as well as to Costas Arkolakis and two anonymous referees for extremely useful comments. We also thank Mostafa Beshkar, Rick Bond, James Feyrer, Kamal Saggi, Jun Xiang, Ben Zissimos and participants of the ASSA Meetings 2015, the WEAI Annual Conference 2015, the Midwest Economic Theory Conference at Purdue University 2016, the International Economics Workshop at Vanderbilt University and the UC-Irvine/GPACS Workshop on Economic Interdependence and War. Oscar Camacho provided excellent research assistance.},
references={Acemoglu, D., Yared, P., Political limits to globalization (2010) Am. Econ. Rev. Pap. Proc., 100 (2), pp. 83-88; Anbarci, N., Skaperdas, S., Syropoulos, C., Comparing bargaining solutions in the shadow of conflict: How norms against threats can have real effects (2002) J. Econ. Theory, 106 (1), pp. 1-16; Anderson, J.E., Neary, J.P., Measuring the Restrictiveness of International Trade Policy (2005), MIT Press Cambridge; Anderson, J.E., van Wincoop, E., Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle (2003) Am. Econ. Rev., 93 (1), pp. 170-192; Angell, N., The Great Illusion (1933), Second edition G.P. Putnam's Sons New York; Arkolakis, C., Costinot, A., Rodríguez-Clare, A., New trade models, same old gains? (2012) Am. Econ. Rev., 102 (1), pp. 94-130; Armington, P.S., A theory of demand for products distinguished by place of production (1969) Int. Monetary Fund Staff Pap., 16 (1), pp. 159-176; Arvis, J.F., Shepherd, B., The Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood estimator: A solution to the adding up problem in gravity models (2013) Appl. Econ. Lett., 20 (6), pp. 515-519; Bagwell, K., Staiger, R.W., What do trade negotiators negotiate about? Empirical evidence from the World Trade Organization (2011) Am. Econ. Rev., 101 (4), pp. 1238-1273; Baier, S.L., Yotov, Y.V., Zylkin, T., On the widely differing effects of free trade agreements: Lessons from twenty years of trade integration (2019) J. Int. Econ., 116, pp. 206-226; Barbieri, K., Levy, J.S., Sleeping with the enemy: The impact of war on trade (1999) J. Peace Res., 36 (4), pp. 463-479; Bennett, D.S., Security, bargaining, and the end of interstate rivalry (1996) Int. Stud. Q., 40 (2), pp. 157-183; Bennett, D.S., Democracy, regime change, and rivalry termination (1997) Int. Interact., 22 (4), pp. 369-397; Beviá, C., Corchón, L., Peace agreements without commitment (2010) Games Econ. Behav., 68 (2), pp. 469-487; Bhagwati, J., Immiserizing growth: A geometrical note (1958) Rev. Econ. Stud., 25 (3), pp. 201-205; Bonfatti, R., O'Rourke, K.H., Growth, import dependence and war (2018) Econ. J., 128 (614), pp. 2222-2257; Broda, C., Limao, N., Weinstein, D., Optimal tariffs and market power: the evidence (2008) Am. Econ. Rev., 98 (5), pp. 2032-2065; Caselli, F., Morelli, M., Rohner, D., The geography of interstate resource wars (2015) Q. J. Econ., 130 (1), pp. 267-315; Copeland, D.C., Economic Interdependence and War (2015), Princeton University Press Princeton; Costinot, A., Rodríguez-Clare, A., Trade theory with numbers: quantifying the consequences of globalization (2014) Handbook in International Economics 4, pp. 197-261. , G. Gopinath E. Helpman K.S. Rogoff North-Holland Amsterdam; Diehl, P.F., Goertz, G., War and Peace in International Rivalry (2000), University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor; Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S., Samuelson, P.A., Comparative advantage, trade, and payments in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods (1977) Am. Econ. Rev., 67 (5), pp. 823-839; Eaton, J., Kortum, S., Technology, geography, and trade (2002) Econometrica, 70 (5), pp. 1741-1779; Fally, R., Structural gravity and fixed effects (2015) J. Int. Econ., 97 (1), pp. 76-85; Feyrer, J., Distance, trade, and income – the 1967 to 1975 closing of the Suez Canal as a natural experiment (2009) NBER Working Paper No. 15557; Feyrer, J., Trade and income—exploiting time series in geography (2019) Am. Econ. J. Appl. Econ. Am. Econ. Assoc., 11 (4), pp. 1-35. , (October); Garfinkel, M.R., Syropoulos, C., Rules for dividing a disputed resource in the context of the classical liberal argument for peace (2018) Peace Econ. Peace Sci. Public Policy, 24 (1), pp. 1-16; Garfinkel, M.R., Syropoulos, C., On Trade and the Stability of (Armed) Peace (2019), Unpublished Manuscript; Garfinkel, M.R., Skaperdas, S., Syropoulos, C., Globalization and domestic conflict (2008) J. Int. Econ., 76 (2), pp. 296-308; Garfinkel, M.R., Skaperdas, S., Syropoulos, C., Trade and insecure resources (2015) J. Int. Econ., 95 (1), pp. 98-114; Garfinkel, M.R., Syropoulos, C., Zylkin, T., Prudence Versus Predation and the Gains from Trade (2019), Unpublished Manuscript; Glick, R., Taylor, A.M., Collateral damage: Trade disruption and the economic impact of war (2010) Rev. Econ. Stat., 92 (1), pp. 102-127; Gowa, J., Allies, Adversaries, and International Trade (1995), Princeton University Press Princeton; Grieco, J.M., Cooperation Among Nations (1990), Cornell University Press Ithaca, NY; Gurevich, R., Herman, P., The dynamic gravity dataset: 1948–2016 (2018) USITC Working Paper 2018–02–A; Head, K., Mayer, T., Gravity equations: Workhorse, toolkit, and cookbook (2014) Handbook of International Economics, 4, pp. 131-195. , G. Gopinath E. Helpman K.S. Rogoff North-Holland Amsterdam; Hirshleifer, J., The paradox of power (1991) Econ. Polit., 3 (3), pp. 177-200; Johnson, H.G., Optimum tariffs and retaliation (1953) Rev. Econ. Stud., 21 (2), pp. 142-153; Jones, R.W., The structure of simple general equilibrium models (1965) J. Polit. Econ., 73 (6), pp. 557-572; Kennan, J., Riezman, R., Do big countries win tariff wars? (1988) Int. Econ. Rev., 29 (1), pp. 81-85; Klare, M.T., The Race for What's Left: The Global Scramble for the World's Last Resources (2012), Henry Holt and Company, LLC New York; Kleibergen, F., Paap, R., Generalized reduced rank tests using the singular value decomposition (2018) J. Econ., 133 (1), pp. 97-126; Maggi, G., Issue linkage (2016) Handbook of Commerical Policy 1B, , K. Bagwell R.W. Staiger North-Holland Amsterdam; Martin, P., Mayer, T., Thoenig, M., Make trade not war (2008) Rev. Econ. Stud., 75 (3), pp. 865-900; Morelli, M., Sonno, T., On economic interdependence and war (2017) J. Econ. Lit., 55 (3), pp. 1084-1097; Polachek, S.W., Conflict and trade (1980) J. Confl. Resolut., 24 (1), pp. 55-78; Redding, S., Venables, A.J., Economic geography and international inequality (2004) J. Int. Econ., 62 (1), pp. 53-82; Seitz, M., Tarasov, A., Zakharenko, R., Trade costs, conflicts, and defense spending (2015) J. Int. Econ., 95 (2), pp. 305-318; Skaperdas, S., Contest success functions (1996) Econ. Theory, 7 (2), pp. 283-290; Skaperdas, S., Syropoulos, C., Guns, butter, and openness: On the relationship between security and trade (2001) Am. Econ. Rev. Pap. Proc., 91 (2), pp. 353-357; Syropoulos, C., Optimum tariffs and retaliation revisited: How country size matters (2002) Rev. Econ. Stud., 69 (3), pp. 707-727; Thompson, W., Identifying rivals and rivalries in world politics (2001) Int. Stud. Q., 45 (4), pp. 557-586; Tian, N., Fleurant, A., Kuimova, A., Wezeman, P.D., Wezeman, S.T., Trends in world military expenditure, 2017 (2019) SIPRI Fact Sheet, May 2019; Waltz, K., Theory of International Politics (1979), Random House New York},
correspondence_address1={Syropoulos, C.; Drexel UniversityUnited States; email: c.syropoulos@drexel.edu},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={00221996},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Weiss20201,
author={Weiss, F.},
title={Quest for a Sustainable International Investment Regime: Leveling Up Through Competition (Policy) Rules?},
journal={European Yearbook of International Economic Law},
year={2020},
pages={1-24},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-33916-6_1},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144234483&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-33916-6_1&partnerID=40&md5=33e43b87405549fd522d7f48273e6d45},
affiliation={Department of European, International and Comparative Law, Faculty of Law, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria},
abstract={Competition (policy) rules are ubiquitous as well as an essential element of the legal and institutional framework for the global economy. It is widely recognized that, linked to inclusive and sustainable development, they can best harness foreign direct investment (FDI)’s potential benefits as drivers of economic transformation. Against the background of politically regressive skepticism and growing protectionist retreat from the institutionalized and rule-based liberal practice initiated after the Second World War, this article seeks to retrace the role, utility, design, and interface of the legal regimes governing trade, investment and competition, at the national level and as main pillars and governance ideas of global economic law. It also documents international cooperation in the field of competition policy, as well as proposals for and failed attempts to establish multilateral rules, for trade and FDI. The article concludes with a plea for such rules in an effort to redress existing worldwide inequalities. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
author_keywords={Competition policy;  FDI policy;  Foreign direct investment (FDI);  Interactions between trade;  Investment and competition;  Multilateralism;  Trade policy;  World Trade Organization (WTO)},
references={Braudel, F., (1995) A History of Civilizations, , Penguin Books, London; (2015) International Investment Law. a Handbook. C.H, , Bungenberg M et al., Beck/Hart/ Nomos, Munich/Oxford/Baden-Baden; Fox, E.M., International antitrust and the Doha Dome (2003) Va J Int Law, 43, p. 911; Hopt, K.J., Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen und Verrechtlichung (1985) Verrechtlichung Von Wirtschaft, Arbeit Und Sozialer Solidäritat: Vergleichende Analysen, pp. 229-287. , Kübler F, 2nd edn. Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin; Hudec, R.E., A WTO perspective on private anti-competitive behavior in world markets (1999) New Eng Law Rev, 34, pp. 97-100; Janow, M.E., (2005) The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, 2, pp. 487-510. , Trade and competition policy. In: Macrory PFJ, Appleton AE, Plummer MG, Springer, New York; Kennedy, K.C., Foreign direct investment and competition policy at the World Trade Organization (2001) George Wash Int Law Rev, 33 (3-4), pp. 585-650; Kingsbury, B., Schill, S.W., Public law concepts to balance investors’ rights with state regulatory actions in the public interest—the concept of proportionality (2010) Schill SW, , (ed) International investment law and comparative public law. Oxford University Press, New York; Kingsbury, B., Krisch, N., Stewart, R.B., The emergence of global administrative law (2005) Law Contemp Probl, 68 (3), pp. 15-62; (2018) Trade Multilateralism in the Twenty-First Century: Building the Upper Floors of the Trading System through WTO Accessions, , Kireyev A, Osakwe C, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Knill, C., Tosun And, J., Heichel, S., Balancing competitiveness and conditionality: Environmental policy-making in low-regulation countries (2008) J Eur Publ Policy, 15 (7), pp. 1019-1040. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802310512; Kovacic, W.E., Lopez-Galdos, M., Lifecycles of competition systems: Explaining variation in the implementation of new regimes (2016) Law Contemp Probl, 79 (4), pp. 85-122; Marhold, A., Weiss, F., Energy and fossil fuels as a topic of WTO accession protocols (2018) European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 9, pp. 61-80. , Bungenberg M et al, Springer, Cham; Meessen, K.M., (2004) International Law and Sustainable Development: Principles and Practice, pp. 217-230. , Competition in the Doha round of WTO negotiations. In: Schrijver NJ, Weiss F, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers/Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden; Richardson, J.D., Fox, E.M., Rill, J., Multilateralizing conventions [with comments and discus-sion] (1998) Brookings Trade Forum, 1998, pp. 335-394; Roffe, P., Transfer of technology and competition policy in the context of a possible multilateral investment agreement (1999) Regulating International business—beyond Liberalization, pp. 142-160. , Picciotto S, Mayne R, Palgrave Macmillan, London; Sauvant, K.P., (2016) National FDI Policy Competition and the Changing International Investment Regime, pp. 136-150. , In: Oppong RF, Agyebeng WK (eds) A commitment to law: essays in honor of Nana Dr. Samuel Kwadwo Boaten Asante. Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publications, London; Schneidermann, D., Global constitutionalism and international economic law: The case of international investment law (2016) European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 7, pp. 23-43. , Bungenberg M, Herrmann C, Krajewski M, Terhechte JP, Springer, Cham; Servan-Schreiber, J.J., (1967) The American Challenge, , Scribner, New York; Stiglitz, J., Addressing developing country priorities and needs in the millennium round (2000) Porter RB, pp. 31-60. , Sauvé P (eds) Seattle, the WTO, and the future of the multilateral trading system. Harvard University and John F. Kennedy School of Government, Boston; Wagner-Von Papp, F., Internationales Wettbewerbsrecht (2009) Tietje C (Hrsg) Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht, pp. 455-513. , 2nd edn. De Gruyter, Berlin; Wälde, T.W., Improving the mechanisms for treaty negotiation and investment disputes: Competition and choice as the path to quality and legitimacy (2009) Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy, 2008–2009, pp. 505-584. , Sauvant KP, Oxford University Press, New York; Weiss, F., From world trade to world competition law (1999) Fordham Int Law J, 23 (6), pp. S250-S273},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, F.; Department of European, Austria; email: friedl.weiss@univie.ac.at},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={23648392},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eur. Yearb. Int. Econ. Law.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Hesse2020423,
author={Hesse, J.-O. and Marx, C.},
title={THE OVERSTRETCHED ECONOMY: Industry and Financial Services},
journal={The Oxford Handbook of the Weimar Republic},
year={2020},
pages={423-453},
doi={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198845775.013.18},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136410526&doi=10.1093%2foxfordhb%2f9780198845775.013.18&partnerID=40&md5=d4c97a8c3414caa6c15549921c4bf740},
affiliation={University of Bayreuth, Germany; Institute for Contemporary History, Germany},
abstract={The chapter starts from the assumption that the Weimar economy was subject both to several extraordinary strains and new societal claims that were difficult to reconcile. Thus, the economic history of the Weimar Republic can be described as a continuous compromise. Many social political goals could be achieved and wishes of the consumer society fulfilled, even under difficult conditions: a profound redistribution of income and wealth, an expansion of the welfare state, and the rudimentary beginnings of mass consumption. Nonetheless, economic development also remained fragile during the so-called ‘Golden Twenties’. Building upon the widespread assessment among economic historians of a ‘structurally sick economy of the Weimar Republic’, this chapter addresses several areas under which the economy’s strengths and weaknesses are investigated. This includes the fraught consequences of war, such as the reparation claims, as well as the loss of territories and the reintegration of German companies into a changed global economy. For the majority of the German people, opportunities for consumption improved only gradually—despite the economic and social successes of the Weimar economy. While the standard of living in 1920s Germany was lower than in other European industrial societies, the (old) industry swiftly regained its former strength by forming cartels and big corporations and by influencing the press. Key reasons for Germany’s economy tumbling into the Great Depression in the late 1920s were the low equity ratio of the banking sector and a growing foreign debt. © Oxford University Press 2022.},
author_keywords={banks;  consequences of war;  consumption;  global economy;  global economy mass production;  industry;  inflation;  reparations},
references={Theo, B., (2002) Economics and Politics in the Weimar Republic, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Feldman, G.D., (1993) The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics and Society in the German Inflation, , 1914-24 (Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hesse, J.-O., Köster, R., Plumpe, W., (2014) Die Große Depression: Die Weltwirtschaftskrise 1929-1939, , Frankfurt/Main: Campus; James, H., (1986) The German Slump, , Politics and Economics, 1924-1936 (Oxford: Clarendon Press; Ritschl, A., (2002) Deutschlands Krise Und Konjunktur, , 1924-1934, Transfersperre(Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; Tooze, A., (2014) The Deluge: The Great War, America, , the Remaking of the Global Order (London: Allen Lane; Claudius, T., (2011) Konsum Und Politik in Der Weimarer Republik, , Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198845775; 9780198845775},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Oxf. Handb. of the Weimar Repub.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Rahman20201,
author={Rahman, M.S. and Islam, M.R.},
title={Sustainable Water Purification},
journal={Sustainable Water Purification},
year={2020},
pages={1-328},
doi={10.1002/9781119651123},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129619392&doi=10.1002%2f9781119651123&partnerID=40&md5=99c2d0b54e66f144190bef314ac0fc40},
affiliation={Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Bangladesh},
abstract={Water is synonymous with life. This has been the case since pre-historic time to the modern era. For the first time, humanity faces a crisis that eclipses the energy crisis, which has often incapacitated the global economy. The Climate-Water-Food nexus epitomizes our current civilization that depends on energy as the driver. Many recognize this crisis as a product of fossil fuel production, which allegedly triggered climate change and the “climate change debate.” Others predict the onslaught of “water wars” in the coming decades. As the world gears up to another lineup of empty promises and ensuing chaos, this book turns this crisis on its head and shows the source of the water crisis. The science behind the water cycle is described in clear language, without resorting to dogmatic assertions and spurious assumptions. The role of the sun, natural carbon dioxide (CO2) and water and the need to maintain natural processes free from artificial chemicals are discussed in detail. The book makes it clear how most of the currently used purification techniques violates the natural cycle involving sunlight, CO2 and water, and thus become unsustainable. A series of water purification techniques, as usable for drinking, agricultural and industrial applications are presented. The advantages of these techniques and their long-term sustainability are highlighted, with discussion on improvements in the future. Whether for the engineer or scientist working in the field or laboratory or the student, this is a must-have for any engineer, scientist, student, or policymaker. © 2020 Scrivener Publishing LLC.},
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PMID 24179891; Viraraghavan, T., Dronamraju, M.M., Use of fly ash in the removal of copper, nickel and zinc from wastewater (1993) Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada, 28, pp. 369-384; Volesky, B., (1989) Biosorption of Heavy Metals”, pp. 1-35. , CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A; Wakeford, H.R., Disentangling the planet from the star in late-type M dwarfs: A case study of TRAPPIST-1g (2019) Astron. J., 157, p. 11; Wakeford, H.R., HST PanCET program: A cloudy atmosphere for the promising JWST target WASP-101b (2017) Astrophys. J. Lett., 835, p. 12; Waldmann, I.P., Tau-REx I: A next generation retrieval code for exoplanetary atmospheres (2015) Astrophys. J., 802, p. 107; Waldmann, I.P., Tau-REx II: Retrieval of emission spectra (2015) Astrophys. 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J., 819, p. 127; Zeng, Z., Philip, C.V., Anthony, R.G., Krumhansi, J.L., Trudell, D.E., Miller, J.E., Ion exchange of group I metals by hydrous crystalline silicotitanates (1996) Industrial Chemical Research, 35, pp. 4246-4256; Zevenhuizen, E., Reed, V.A., Rahman, M.S., Gagnon, G.A., In-line coagulation to reduce high-pressure membrane fouling in an integrated membrane system in water treatment process: A case study (2015) Desalination and Water Treatment, 56 (8), pp. 1987-1998; Zhang, J.L., Li, Y.Z., Yang, H.Y., Analyzing the Chinese medicine pathogenesis of stroke (2012) Zhonggun Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 32 (1), pp. 107-110. , Jan; Zhen, G., Jing, J., Fengsen, L., A systematic review protocol, Traditional Chinese medicine classic herbal formula Xiaoqinglong decoction for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2018) Medicine (Baltimore), 97 (52), p. 13761. , 2018, Dec},
publisher={wiley},
isbn={9781119651123; 9781119650997},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sustainable Water Purification},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Klein20201,
author={Klein, M.C. and Pettis, M.},
title={Trade wars are class wars: How rising inequality distorts the global economy and threatens international peace},
journal={Trade Wars Are Class Wars: How Rising Inequality Distorts the Global Economy and Threatens International Peace},
year={2020},
pages={1-269},
note={cited By 31},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121510395&partnerID=40&md5=4fc987ec2c8c7fb305f3d3d578a9d760},
affiliation={Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management, China},
abstract={Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today’s trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past thirty years. Across the world, the rich have prospered while workers can no longer afford to buy what they produce, have lost their jobs, or have been forced into higher levels of debt. In this thought-provoking challenge to mainstream views, the authors provide a cohesive narrative that shows how the class wars of rising inequality are a threat to the global economy and international peace—and what we can do about it. © 2020 by Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis.},
references={Autor, D., (2017) Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure, , December, NBER Working Paper No. 22637; Davis, B., Hilsenrath, J., How the china shock, deep and swift, spurred the rise of trump (2016) Wall Street Journal, , August 11; Democrats, S., (2018) Schumer Statement on New Tariffs on Chinese Imports, , https://www.democrats.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/schumer-statement-on-new-tariffs-on-chinese-imports, Press Release, June 15; Austin, K., Communist china’s capitalism: The highest stage of capitalist imperialism (2011) World Economics, pp. 79-94. , January–March; Irwin, D.A., The aftermath of hamiltons ‘report on manufactures,’ (2003) “ NBER Working Paper No. 9943; Steil, B., (2018) The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Baldwin, R.E., The changing nature of u.S. trade policy since world war ii (1984) The Structure and Evolution of Recent U.S. Trade Policy, , ed. Robert E. Baldwin and Anne O. Krueger (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Jahnsen, K., Pomerleau, K., Corporate income tax rates around the world, 2017 (2017) Tax Foundation, , Fiscal Fact No. 559, September 7; North, D.C., The united states balance of payments, 1790–1860 (1960) Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, , https://newworldeconomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/US-Balance-of-Payments-1790-1860.pdf, NBER; Robert, C., Allen, “engels’ pause: Technical change, capital accumulation, and inequality in the british industrial revolution,” (2009) Explorations in Economic History, 46 (4), pp. 418-435; Kotkin, S., (2014) Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928, , New York: Penguin; Marriner, S., (1951) Eccles, Beckoning Frontiers: Public and Personal Recollections, , ed. Sidney Hyman, New York: Alfred A. Knopf; Arthur, E., Monroe, “the french indemnity of 1871 and its effects,” (1919) Review of Economics and Statistics, 1 (4), pp. 269-281; Naughton, B., (2007) The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth, , Cambridge, Mass.: MIT University Press; Wildau, G., Jia, Y., Chinas subway building binge is back on track,” (2018) Financial Times, , December 18; Bofinger, P., The german monetary unification (Gmu): Converting marks to d-marks, federal reserve bank of st. louis (1990) Review, pp. 17-36. , July–August; Martin, P., Philippon, T., Inspecting the mechanism: Leverage and the great recession in the eurozone (2017) American Economic Review, 107 (7), pp. 1904-1937; Piketty, T., Saez, E., Zucman, G., Distributional national accounts: Methods and estimates for the united states (2018) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133 (2), pp. 553-609; Gorton, G., (2012) Misunderstanding Financial Crises: Why We Don’t See Them Coming, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Klein, M.C., Why is the netherlands doing so badly? (2016) FT Alphaville, , https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2016/06/16/2166258/why-is-the-netherlands-doing-so-badly/, June 16},
publisher={Yale University Press},
isbn={9780300244175},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Trade Wars Are Class Wars: How Rising Inequal. Distorts the Glob. Economy and Threatens International Peace},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Khudoley2020197,
author={Khudoley, K.},
title={The Tartu peace treaty of February 1920 and its aftermath: A case for Russian-Estonian conciliation (a contemporary view from Russia) [Tartu rahuleping ja selle järelmõjud: Vene-Eesti kokkuleppe käsitlusi tänapäeva Venemaal]},
journal={Ajalooline Ajakiri},
year={2020},
volume={173},
number={3-4},
pages={197-224},
doi={10.12697/AA.2020.3-4.02},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118938629&doi=10.12697%2fAA.2020.3-4.02&partnerID=40&md5=385e9c415a348b6d67f3f4aa21618e4e},
affiliation={The European Studies Department, School of International Relations, St Petersburg State University, Russian Federation},
abstract={The First World War and the revolutions in Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary, as a result of which the three empires collapsed, the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of national movements in China, India and a few other countries all led to fundamental socio-political changes around the world.1 Their effect was particularly dramatic for Central and Eastern Europe, where a group of new states emerged. Their progress towards independence was spurred by certain external factors such as the Soviet government's first decrees (the Decree on Peace, and the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia) and 'The Fourteen Points' of US President Woodrow Wilson. The Decree made the claim for peace without annexations and contributions2 and the Declaration proclaimed the rights of nations to self-determination until separation and the creation of an independent state3. The purpose of the Bolsheviks was to destabilise the capitalist system and create more favourable conditions for the triumph of the socialist revolution. Moreover, Vladimir Lenin put the interests of the socialist republic above the right of nations to self-determination.4 Meanwhile, 'The Fourteen Points' focused primarily, though not exclusively, on Europe and comprised quite specific propositions.5 The assumption was that their implementation would facilitate the spread of democracy and free trade around the world and keep Bolshevism at bay. Yet, despite their differences, Soviet Russia, and the USA both drew on the premise of the right of nations to self-determination, including the right to secession. This was turning the right to self-determination into one of the basic principles of world politics. The 1919 Peace Treaty of Versailles and the other treaties signed at the Paris Peace Conference only partially resolved the outstanding problems of the post-war world order - the global economy was still in decline, domestic political struggles in most countries intensified exponentially, the amount of German reparations was not determined, and newly emerged states were set against great powers, as well as against each other.6 It would take a few more years to attain relative stability, during which time a number of new treaties were concluded. Among these, the Soviet-Estonian Peace Treaty signed in Tartu on 2 February 1920 took pride of place as the first peace treaty between a socialist power and a small capitalist state. Unlike the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty of 1918, when the German Empire and its allies could dictate their conditions to Soviet Russia, this time the Soviet government could demonstrate just how far it was willing to go in the realisation of the right of nations to self-determination. The recognition of Finnish independence in December of 1917 was not a precedent either because at that stage, the Bolsheviks were sure of the quick victory of socialist revolution, although the German position on Finland at the peace negotiations in Brest-Litovsk also influenced the Soviet government's decision.7 Both Soviet and Russian academic literature on the Tartu Peace Treaty and the consequent Soviet-Estonian relations is far from extensive. In the 1920s and 1930s, it was a question of propaganda rather than genuine research. For several decades afterwards, the topic was either silenced or mostly reduced to meaningless vacuities. Thus, in all the official publications on the history of the Communist Party - from Stalin's History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Short Course8 (1938) to the multivolume History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1986), these questions were not mentioned at all.9 The multivolume History of the USSR (1967) stated that the borders established by the treaties of 1920-1921 were 'largely in violation of long-standing territorial homogeneity', whereas 'the transient victory of the bourgeoisie in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania had cut the republics off from the other republics of the Soviet country'.10 Only the History of Foreign Policy of the USSR described the 1920 treaty with Estonia as 'a solid victory for the Soviet state's foreign policy'.11 From the 1960s through the 1980s, similar judgements were commonly made in publications dedicated to the initial steps of Soviet diplomacy on the international stage. What made Soviet literature distinct was that developments in Estonia and the Tartu Peace Treaty were treated solely in the context of the Civil War and foreign intervention in the outskirts of the former Russian Empire, while the national ambitions of the Estonian people were practically never mentioned. In the post-communist years, Russian research experienced a major shakeup, affecting the study of those subjects as well. The number of scholars studying Estonia and its relations with the USSR and Russia increased. As a result of the release of new documents and the partial opening of archives, the source base expanded considerably and contacts with Estonian and other international researchers were established. The monopoly of Marxist-Leninist methods of approaching social sciences eroded, giving way to elements of pluralism of opinion. Yet, the differences between Russian scholars and their Western counterparts continued to run along the lines of political views rather than theoretical or methodological approaches. Currently, three main trends can be loosely identified. The first one encompasses those who entirely condone Soviet policy towards Estonia, using a wide range of arguments from the Soviet era. The second consists of a large number of scholars who are generally sympathetic towards Soviet policy, however, they employ a completely different set of arguments emphasising raison d'etat as they understand it. Finally, a few scholars are critical of Soviet policy, agreeing partially or in full with the views of international and particularly Estonian scholars. Obviously, these trends are still in their formative stages, hence no clear lines can be drawn between them. The research problem studied in this paper is to demonstrate the significance of the Tartu Peace Treaty of February, 1920 as a case of mutually beneficial compromise between a great power and a small country with antagonistic social-political systems, and the importance of this methodology for attempts to find Russian-Estonian reconciliations in this century. © 2020 University of Tartu Press. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Estonia;  Peaceful coexistence;  Russia;  Tartu Peace Treaty (1920);  USSR;  World revolution},
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(1993) Sbornik dokumentov, pp. 151-152. , (Moskva: Poliizdat); Khudoley, Konstantin K., Soviet Foreign Policy During the Cold War: The Baltic Factor (2008) The Baltic Question during the Cold War, pp. 56-72. , ed. by John Hiden, Vahur Made, David J. Smith (Routledge); Ford, Gerald R., (1975) Public Papers of the President of the United States. Containing public messages, speeches, statements of the president, p. 430. , 1975. Book II. 21 July to 31 December 1975 (Washington); Iz vospominaniy Yuozasa Vaysporosa o beside A. Ja. Wyshynskim v Moskve ot 8.09.1940, SSSR i Litva v godi Vtoroy Mirovoy Voyni. Vol. 1, SSSR i Litovskaya Respublika (mart 1939 - avgust 1940) (2006), p. 721. , Sbornik dokumenotov (Vilnus: Institut Istorii Litvi. Institut vseobsheĭ istorii Rossiĭskoĭ Akademii Nauk)},
correspondence_address1={Khudoley, K.; St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, Russian Federation},
publisher={University of Tartu Press},
issn={14063859},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ajalooline Ajakiri},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Portanskiy2020191,
author={Portanskiy, A. and Sudakova, Y. and Larionov, A.},
title={Assumptions of the Global Economic Crisis and Its Inception in the Spring of 2020 Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic [Предпосылки мирового экономического кризиса и его начало весной 2020 г. в связи с пандемией COVID-19]},
journal={International Organisations Research Journal},
year={2020},
volume={15},
number={2},
pages={191-212},
doi={10.17323/1996-7845-2020-02-09},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108945086&doi=10.17323%2f1996-7845-2020-02-09&partnerID=40&md5=cf88fe1199af4293af4c74be202c2c1b},
affiliation={Department of World Economy, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation; Philosophy in Public Administration, Center for Strategic Forecasting and Planning, Institute of Economic Policy and Economic Security Problems, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 49 Leningradsky Prospect, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation},
abstract={Analytical agencies, as well as international organizations, have identified significant threats to the development of the world economy, increasing the likelihood of a new global financial crisis in late 2020–early 2021. The main challenges to the system come from trade wars that could lead to a crisis in the international system of trade regulation, a decrease in the effectiveness of public policy instruments, and a deterioration in the dynamics of global economic growth. An important factor leading to a slowdown in the global economy in 2020 will also be the coronavirus pandemic, although it is difficult, in the first half of 2020, to assess its final impact. The combination of these negative factors, coupled with the unresolved problems of the 2008 global financial crisis, significantly increases the likelihood of a new global economic crisis which could surpass the Great Depression of the 1930s. This study systematizes the main forecasts by international organizations and analytical agencies for the growth of the world economy and considers various theoretical concepts to identify the symptoms of the impending crisis. Ultimately, this article offers options for reducing the negative impact of the crisis on Russia. In connection with the coronavirus pandemic, preliminary estimates have been made of the likely damage to the world economy and the prospects for its recovery. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic growth;  global financial crisis;  theories of economic cycles;  trade wars;  world economy;  world trade},
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(accessed 10 April 2020) (in Russian); (2019) Global Economic Prospects, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31655, World Bank June. (accessed 8 May 2020); (2020) Global Economic Prospects: Slow Growth, Policy Challenges, , https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/01/08/january-2020-global-economic-prospects-slow-growth-policy-challenges, World Bank January. (accessed 8 May 2020); (2020) US$675 Million Needed for New Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Global Plan, , https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/05-02-2020-us-675-million-needed-for-new-coronavirus-preparedness-and-response-global-plan, World Health Organization (WHO) News Release, 5 February. (accessed 17 February 2020); (2019) WTO Lowers Trade Forecast as Tensions Unsettle Global Economy, , https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres19_e/pr840_e.htm, World Trade Organization (WTO) 840 Press Release, 1 October. (accessed 17 February 2020); Remarks by DG Azevêdo, , https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spra_e/spra303_e.htm, World Trade Organization (WTO) (2020a). Speeches, 8 April. (accessed 10 April 2020); Trade Set to Plunge as COVID-19 Pandemic Upends Global Economy, , https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres20_e/pr855_e.htm, World Trade Organization (WTO) (2020b). 855 Press Release, 8 April. (accessed 10 April 2020)},
correspondence_address1={Portanskiy, A.; Department of World Economy, 20 Myasnitskaya Ulitsa, Russian Federation},
publisher={National Research University, Higher School of Econoimics},
issn={19967845},
language={English; Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Organ. Res. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Idris2020159,
author={Idris, Z.},
title={Positioning Malaysia in the Realm of Global Uncertainty: Analysing Its Concern and Struggles of Pakatan Harapan Government},
journal={Journal of International Studies(Malaysia)},
year={2020},
volume={16},
pages={159-182},
doi={10.32890/jis2020.16.10},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104037260&doi=10.32890%2fjis2020.16.10&partnerID=40&md5=6be92d9f455a39e633749d7f0e1bd385},
affiliation={Management and Science University, Malaysia},
abstract={The US-China trade war has shackled the political, economic and social landscapes of many nations globally at varying degrees. While trade talks are still ongoing and President Trump has hinted at the possibility of an interim agreement, the prospects of an agreement between the two sides on a comprehensive US-China trade deal in the near-term remains uncertain. Several factors have placed Malaysia to be in a favorable position. One of these factors is that Malaysia continues to be an important geopolitical trading route. In addition to being considered an integral component to the production house of the global supply chain for finished products, Malaysia's economy is highly dependent on the movement of goods and global currency. Furthermore, Malaysia is also predominantly reliant on its trades with China. It is suggested that the trade protectionism in the U.S. has resulted into a slowdown of China's growth, whereby this has created a domino effect on the Malaysian economy. Moreover, the economic prospects of many countries have worsened due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to a shutdown of major operations around the world that has disrupted global supply chains. Countries have employed inward strategies to alleviate national security and domestic economies, at the expense of the globalization process. Although the first wave of the virus has passed and world economies have started to recover, the global economy trajectory is still deemed ambiguous. China, which is a major hub for manufacturing, was heavily affected, and struggles to increase its GDP from 6.1 percent since the end of 2019. Due to the uncertainty on future prospects, the seventh Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohammed, had established three frameworks that would guide Malaysian foreign policy. Firstly, Malaysia will remain an active participant in all international organizations and treaties that it is a member of. Secondly, Malaysia will communicate its influence towards any decision-making processes in platforms where it is not a member. Thirdly, Malaysia will align its aims to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the blue economy. Should this be the way forward from 2020 onwards, or would new strategies need to be crafted? What are the contemporary indicators that Malaysia should consider? Finally, what would be the ultimate message that would be delivered when Malaysia positions itself for its increasing potential in the near future? These questions will help guide this study in its examination of the feasibility of change in Continuity, as a strategy for Malaysian foreign policy in the near future. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.},
author_keywords={Change in Continuity;  foreign policy;  geoeconomy;  socio-economy;  US-China Trade War},
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(2015) The Wall Street Journal, , https://www.wsj.com/articles/can-china-be-contained-1434118534, accessible at; Cheng, C., (2019) Is Malaysia benefiting from the U.S. - China trade war?, , https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/08/05/is-malay-sia-benefitting-from-the-us-china-trade-war/, East Asia Forum, August 5th, accessible at; Cousin, M., Orlik, T., (2020) Here are the losers from US-China trade agreement, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-22/here-are-the-losers-from-u-s-china-trade-agreement-map, Bloomberg, accessible at; (2018) Military and security developments involving people's republic of China, , https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=814130, Department of Defense Department of Defense, United States, accessible at; Elina, Noor, (2019) Foreign and security policy in the New Malaysia, , https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/foreign-and-security-policy-new-malaysia, Lowy institute, accessible at; He, Huifeng, China's inward-facing “Dual Circulation” strategy leaves many wondering where domestic demand will come from (2020), https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3100482/chinas-inward-facing-dual-circulation-strategy-leaves-many, South China Morning Post, accesible at (7th September, 2020); Menteri, Jabatan Perdana, (2020) Ucapan Perdana Menteri Malaysia ke-8, pakej rangsangan ekonomi prihatin rakyat Malaysia, , https://www.pmo.gov.my/ms/2020/03/teks-ucapan-perutusan-khas-pakej-rangsangan-ekonomi-prihatin-rakyat-prihatin/, accessible at (June 27, 2020); (2020) Association of Southeast Asia Nations, , https://asean.org/storage/2020/04/ENDORSED-Joint-Statement-of-the-ASEAN-Tourism-Ministers-on-COVID_19-29Apr20.pdf, Joint Statement of the ASEAN Tourism Ministers on Strengthening Cooperation to Revitalise ASEAN Tourism Jakarta, accessible at; U.S. China Trade War: Causes and Outcome (2020) SHS Web of Conferences, 73 (1), p. 01012. , Kapustina et. al; (2008) SuruhanjayaPilihanraya, , http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.phpdepar, Keputusan Rasmi Pilihanraya Umum ke 12, accessible at; . 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G., (2018) In Experts: US-China Trade War May Have Negative Impact on Malaysia, , https://klse.i3investor.com/blogs/savemalaysia/2018-08-07-story-h1454419400-Experts_US_China_trade_war_may_have_negative_impact_on_Malaysia.jsp, Investor, accessible at; Leifer, R., Understanding organisational transformation using a dissipative structural model (1989) Human Relations, 42 (10), pp. 899-916; Luttwak, E., From geopolitics to geoeconomics (1990) National Interest, 20 (20), pp. 17-24; Mahbubani, K., (2020) Has China Won?, , Public Affairs, New York, NY 10104; (2020) Summary of Malaysia's Monthly Trade 2020, , http://www.matrade.gov.my/en/malaysian-exporters/services-for-exporters/trade-market-information/trade-statistics/28-malaysian-exporters/trade-statistics/5084-summary-of-malaysias-monthly-trade-2020, Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation accessible at (August 8th, 2020); Mohamed Pero, S. 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P., (2020) China suspending tour groups will hit Malaysia hard, says Matta President, New Straits Times, , https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/01/560062/china-suspending-tour-groups-will-hit-malaysia-hard-says-matta-president, accessible at (August 8th, 2020); (2018) Keeping Asia Open — How to Achieve Prosperity and Stability, Speech delivered at the 24thInternational Conference on the Future of Asia, , https://www.pmo.gov.my/2018/06/keeping-asia-open-how-to-achieve-prosperity-and-stability/, Prime Minister Office, 11 June 2018; Ram, B. Suresh, (2020) APEC Aiming For Its Shared Prosperity Agenda To Be Translated Into Work Plans, , https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/567327/apec-aiming-its-shared-prosperity-agenda-be-translated-work-plans, New Straits Times, accessible at (July 7th, 2020); Raya, Suruhanjaya Pilihan, Statistik keseluruhan bagi Parlimen PRU13 (2013), http://keputusan.spr.gov.my/#home, (SPR) (a), PRU13; Silver, C., (2020) The top 20 economies in the world ranking the richest countries in the world, , https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/, Investopedia, accessible at (September 7th, 2020); Tan, H. L., China's say its economy grew 6.1% in 2019, in line with expectations (2020), https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/17/china-gdp-for-full-year-and-q4-2019.html, China economy in CNBC, accessible at (September 7, 2020); Vogel, P., (2020) IMD Business School for Management and Leadership Courses, , https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/Nationalism-the-even-greater-risk-of-the-COVID-19-crisis/, Nationalism the even greater risk of the COVID-19 Crisis accessible at Vogel 2020 (August 15th 2020); (2020) COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, , https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/, Worldometer, Accessible at},
correspondence_address1={Idris, Z.; Management and Science UniversityMalaysia},
publisher={Universiti Utara Malaysia Press},
issn={1823691X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. International Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jung2020153,
author={Jung, J.},
title={Global productivity and market structure implications of the us-china trade war: A cge modeling approach},
journal={Journal of Korea Trade},
year={2020},
volume={24},
number={8},
pages={153-170},
doi={10.35611/jkt.2020.24.8.153},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103829533&doi=10.35611%2fjkt.2020.24.8.153&partnerID=40&md5=16b18d0e19d6ffc699cc03f3eadb8c02},
affiliation={Department of International Trade, Dankook University, South Korea},
abstract={Purpose – As the US-China trade war intensifies and lasts long time, there is growing concern about its potential effects on the global economy. In particular, for the countries like Korea that have a large economic dependence on the economy of the two countries, the US-China trade war may have a great repercussion in many ways. The aim of this paper is to investigate the global productivity and market structure implications of the US-China trade war for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Design/methodology – In this paper, we develop a full multi-country/region multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of global trade incorporating heterogeneous workers and firms in individual skill levels and used technologies. We then calibrate the model using a global Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) dataset extracted from the recently released GTAP 10 Database, and assess the potential effects of the US-China trade war on the aggregate real productivity and the market structure for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Findings – We show that the US-China trade war may largely affect the aggregate productivity in each sector in each country/region, as well as the global market structure through entry and exit of firms, which results finally in considerable changes in the industrial comparative advantage of each country/region. Though the effects are diverse sector by sector, the results show that Korea may also be affected significantly: concerning the real productivity implications, it is shown that the machinery industry may be affected the most negatively; on the other hand, it is shown that the number of exporting firms may decrease the most in the other transports industry. Originality/value – As the US-China trade war intensifies, many studies have tried to estimate the possible implications, and for this usually the CGE models have largely been used as the standard tool for evaluating the impacts of changes in trade policies. Standard CGE models, however, cannot be used to assess the global productivity and market structure implications due to the symmetric and simplified base assumptions. This paper is the first to analyze and quantify the possible impacts of the US-China trade war on the aggregate productivity and global market structure using a CGE model incorporating endogenous skill-technology assignment of heterogeneous workers and firms. © 2020 Korea Trade Research Association. All right reserved.},
author_keywords={Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Modeling;  Firm/Worker Heterogeneity and International Trade;  Market Structure;  Productivity;  US-China Trade War},
references={Angkinand, A. P., Chiu, E. M.P., Will Institutional Reform Enhance Bilateral Trade Flows? Analyses from Different Reform Aspects (2011) Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 14 (3), pp. 243-258; Antras, P., Garicano, L., Rossi-Hansberg, E., Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy (2006) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121, pp. 31-77; Aw, B., Chung, S., Roberts, M., Productivity and Turnover in the Export Market: Micro-Level Evidence from the Republic of Korea and Taiwan (China) (2000) World Bank Economic Review, 14, pp. 65-90; Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Exceptional Exporter Performance: Cause, Effect, or Both? (1999) Journal of International Economics, 47, pp. 1-25; Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Exporting and Productivity in the USA (2004) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20 (3), pp. 343-357; Blanchard, E., Willmann, G., Trade, Education, and the Shrinking Middle Class (2016) Journal of International Economics, 99, pp. 263-278; Clerides, S., Lach, S., Tybout, J., Is Learning by Exporting Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco (1998) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, pp. 903-947; Costinot, A., Vogel, J., Matching and Inequality in the World Economy (2010) Journal of Political Economy, 118, pp. 747-786; Girma, S., Gorg, H., Strobl, E., Exports, International Investment, and Plant Performance: Evidence form a Non-Parametric Test (2004) Economic Letters, 83, pp. 317-324; Grossman, G. M., Maggi, G., Diversity and Trade (2000) American Economic Review, 90, pp. 1255-1275; Grossman, G. M., The Distribution of Talent and the Pattern and Consequences of International Trade (2004) Journal of Political Economy, 112, pp. 209-239; Helpman, E., Melitz, M. J., Yeaple, S. R., Export versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms (2004) American Economic Review, 94, pp. 300-316; Helpman, E., Itskhoki, O., Redding, S., Inequality and Unemployment in a Global Economy (2010) Econometrica, 78, pp. 1239-1283; Itakura, K., Evaluating the Impact of the US-China Trade War (2020) Asian Economic Policy Review, 15, pp. 77-93; Jung, Jae-Won, Openness, Productivity and Welfare with Heterogenous Firms (2017) Journal of Korea Trade, 21 (4), pp. 349-365; Jung, Jae-Won, Technology, Skill, and Growth in a Global Economy (2019) Economic Theory, 68, pp. 609-641; Jung, Jae-Won, Kim, Tae-Hwang, Macroeconomic Buffer Effects of Mega-FTA Formation: A CGE Analysis for Korea (2019) Journal of Korea Trade, 23 (3), pp. 118-137; Jung, Jae-Won, Introducing Roy-like Worker Assignment into Computable General Equilibrium Models (2020) Applied Economics Letters, 27, pp. 503-510; Li, M., Balistreri, E. J., Zhang, W., The US-China Trade War: Tariff Data and General Equilibrium Analysis (2020) Journal of Asian Economics, 69, pp. 1-13; Liu, T., Woo, W. T., Understanding the U.S.-China Trade War (2018) China Economic Journal, 11 (3), pp. 319-340; Mao, H., Gorg, H., Friends Like This: The Impact of the US-China Trade War on Global Value Chains (2019) World Economy, 43, pp. 1776-1791; Melitz, M. J., The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity (2003) Econometrica, 71, pp. 1695-1725; Syverson, C., Market Structure and Productivity: A Concrete Example (2004) Journal of Political Economy, 112 (6), pp. 1181-1222; Tung, R. L., U.S.-China Trade Negotiations: Practices, Procedures and Outcomes (1982) Journal of International Business Studies, 13 (2), pp. 25-37; Wei, S. J., How Taxing is Corruption on International Investors? (2000) Review of Economics and Statistics, 82 (1), pp. 1-11; Yeaple, S. R., A Simple Model of Firm Heterogeneity, International Trade, and Wages (2005) Journal of International Economics, 65, pp. 1-20},
correspondence_address1={Jung, J.; Department of International Trade, South Korea; email: jung@dankook.ac.kr},
publisher={Korea Trade Research Association},
issn={1229828X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Korea Trade},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Matznetter20209,
author={Matznetter, W. and Musil, R.},
title={Peripheral metropolises in southeast Europe: An Introduction [Periphere Metropolen in Südosteuropa. Eine Einführung]},
journal={Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft},
year={2020},
volume={162},
pages={9-24},
doi={10.1553/moegg162s9},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103645602&doi=10.1553%2fmoegg162s9&partnerID=40&md5=ec0eb90e7c950b9f503d60e7b5ae105a},
affiliation={University of Vienna, Department of Geography and Regional Research, Universitätsstraße 7, Vienna, A-1010, Austria; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Urban and Regional Research, Postgasse 7/4/2, Vienna, A-1010, Austria},
abstract={Among the European peripheries, Southeast Europe stands out as a specific periphery. In a historic view, it is rooted in a Byzantine and Ottoman past. Industrialisation and urbanisation arrived with considerable delay, to be intensified by varieties of Communist rule after World War II. Since 1989/1992, post-socialist transformation was accompanied by the break-up of Yugoslavia and several wars. After stabilisation, eight nation-states have applied for EU membership, and four have joined since. For the metropolises (and capital cities) of this region, integration into the European and global economy has increased their status as gateways for investment and traffic – tending to leave their own, the periphery’s periphery, behind. Large urban development projects are being planned and built in all metropolises of Southeast Europe, as symbols of new nation-states and anchors for investment capital. In the name of national priorities and technocratic necessities, special legislation tends to by-pass local powers. All these topics are analysed in the five articles on “Peripheral Metropolises – Urban Dynamics in Southeast Europe” that follow, to which this article offers an overview and introduction. © 2020 Austrian Geographical Society. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Balkans;  Metropolises;  Periphery;  Southeast Europe;  Urban development projects},
keywords={European Union;  legislation;  metropolitan area;  political power;  post-war;  state building;  urban development;  urban history;  urban planning, Balkans},
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L., (1995) The Making of Urban Europe 1000–1994, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Hösch, E., (1995) Geschichte der Balkanländer. Von der Frühzeit bis zur Gegenwart [History of the Balkans. From early times to the present], , München [Munich]: C. H. Beck; Jacobs, A. J., Nested Dependent City-regions: FDI, Uneven Development, and Slovakia’s Bratislava, Nitra, Trencin, Trnava, and Zilina City-regions (2017) Journal of Urban Affairs, 39 (6), pp. 800-818; Jordan, P., Large-scale division of Europe according to cultural-spatial criteria (2005) Europa Regional, 13 (4), pp. 162-173. , Großgliederung Europas nach kulturräumlichen Kriterien; Kopsidis, M., (2012) Missed Opportunity or Inevitable Failure? 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(eds): Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Maloutas, T., Contextual Diversity in Gentrification Research (2012) Critical Sociology, 38 (1), pp. 33-48; Matznetter, W., Wien – Bratislava: ein bipolarer, grenzüberschreitender Metropolraum [Vienna – Bratislava: a bipolar, cross-border metropolitan area (2016) Polyzentrale Metropolregionen [Polycentric metropolitan regions], pp. 291-318. , Danielzik R., Münter A., Wiechmann, T. (eds): Lemgo: Verlag Dorothea Rohn; Matznetter, W., Musil, R., Europäische Metropolen der Peripherie [European metropolises of the periphery (2011) Europa: Metropolen im Wandel [Europe: Metropolises in transition], pp. 293-304. , Matznetter W., Musil R. (eds): Wien [Vienna]: Mandelbaum; Matznetter, W., Musil, R., The European City in the Age of Globalisation (2012) Belgeo, 1–2/2012, , https://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/6100; Musil, R., Global Capital Control and City Hierarchies. 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publisher={Austrian Geographical Society},
issn={00299138},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mitt. Osterr. Geogr. Ges.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gould2020,
author={Gould, A.},
title={ON-orbit servicing: The key to sustainability in space or an emerging arena for armed conflict?},
journal={Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC},
year={2020},
volume={2020-October},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 71st International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2020 ; Conference Date: 12 October 2020 Through 14 October 2020;  Conference Code:166680},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100939815&partnerID=40&md5=56a0125ecef6cc7674862bf324ae7124},
affiliation={Florida State University, College of Law, 425 W Jefferson St., Tallahassee, FL  32301, United States},
abstract={As space becomes increasingly congested, on-orbit sustainability efforts will likely create a new arena for national security threats. The sustainability of space is paramount. Particularly, dead satellites and debris continue to choke Earth's orbital plane, causing a problem for space assets. On-Orbit Servicing (OOS) has the potential to transform the space sector by increasing satellite resiliency and advancing space sustainability through satellite repairs, refueling, and hardware upgrades. Consequently, this means space assets would now have an extended life, but the dual-use nature of OOS operations raises concerns for national security threats. One act of aggressive behavior could start a chains of events that could render space inoperable due to cascading debris collisions. Due to different rationales, priorities, and objectives on how space should be governed, past discussions on space security efforts have had difficulty gaining acceptance. Accordingly, this drives the need for renewed international discussion on space security efforts to address the vulnerability of assets against potential security threats. Presently, national law and international treaties governing space activities help keep major security threats under control. The crux of the issue is, whether these measures continue to hold as more countries declare space as a war-fighting domain. Specifically, will existing treaty obligations and operator transparency be enough to ensure peace in the space domain? The global economy is inherently dependent on space infrastructure. Therefore, fast action for ensuring peaceful operations during the advancement of sustainability efforts is essential. This paper surveys current efforts to conceptualize the peaceful uses of space as it relates to dual- natured operations of OOS. First, this paper will discuss the scope and necessity of current and predicted capabilities of OOS. Second, it will highlight present conciliatory approaches to increase space security and their significance in the event of a breach. Third, analogies and parallels will be drawn from other war- fighting domains, space diplomacy efforts, and international studies to identify aspects of space security efforts that need further clarification. In conclusion, this paper will summarize the critical issues requiring international discussion and draw upon possible efforts to theorize a path for optimistic advancement in OOS security efforts. © 2020 by DLR-SART.},
author_keywords={Diplomacy;  On-Orbit servicing;  Security;  Space policy;  Sustainability},
keywords={Earth (planet);  National security;  Orbits;  Satellites;  Security systems;  Service industry;  Sustainable development, Dead satellites;  Global economies;  International studies;  International treaties;  On-orbit servicing;  Security threats;  Space activities;  Space infrastructures, Space debris},
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correspondence_address1={Gould, A.; Florida State University, 425 W Jefferson St., United States; email: angelicarosegould@gmail.com},
sponsors={Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI); Airbus; et al.; European Space Agency; Lockheed Martin; Northrop Grumman},
publisher={International Astronautical Federation, IAF},
issn={00741795},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Astronaut. Congr., IAC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Heller2020539,
author={Heller, P.W.},
title={Entrepreneurship in the Context of Western vs. East Asian Economic Models},
journal={Seoul Journal of Economics},
year={2020},
volume={33},
number={4},
pages={539-559},
doi={10.22904/sje.2020.33.4.003},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099931071&doi=10.22904%2fsje.2020.33.4.003&partnerID=40&md5=c1ad3636e79aa8239e8d071c16ff0060},
affiliation={Canopus Foundation, Günterstalstr. 9A, D– 79102, Freiburg, Germany},
abstract={Recent developments in the global economy, notably the accelerating trade war between the US and China and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemia, have fuelled the debate which model of economic development, the Western or the East Asian one, is more competitive in a long term perspective. The intention of this paper is a brief investigation, based on historical and empirical research, into the role of entrepreneurship as a major factor of competitiveness and key driver of economic development in both models. International reports based on data of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index come to diverging conclusions which model might prevail. The paper outlines why the entrepreneurial dynamics in East Asia, particularly in China and Vietnam cannot be adequately captured by standards and rating systems based on the theoretical framework of liberal capitalism, as the historical, cultural and social factors of the East Asian model lie beyond its reach. However, the Western narrative envisages a determined course of history that economic progress will inevitably drag China and Vietnam on a trajectory towards the Western model. There is sound evidence that this will not happen. © 2020. Seoul Journal of Economics. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={East Asia;  Economic Models;  Entrepreneurship},
references={Bartik, Alexander W., How are small businesses adjusting to covid-19? early evidence from a survey (2020), Working paper No. w26989, National Bureau of Economic Research; Basu, Kaushik, The Stress of the Pandemic is Often Robbing us of Consistency The Indian Express, , https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/coronaviruspandemic-lockdown-economy-india-6410236/, (May 15,2020); Beck, Thorsten, Wagner, Wolf, National containment policies and international cooperation (2020) Covid Economics, 8, pp. 120-134; Bossert, Thomas J., Leisewitz, Thomas, Innovation and change in the Chilean health system (2016) The New England Journal of Medicine, 374 (1), pp. 1-5; Cheong, Inkyo, The Experience of South Korea with Covid-19 (2020) Mitigating the Covid-19 Economic Crisis: Act Fast and Do Whatever It Takes, , Baldwin, Richard, and Beatrice W. Mauro. (Eds) CEPR Press; Dapice, David, How Bad is Covid-19’s Impact on Asian Developing Economies? East Asia Forum, , https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/05/03/how-bad-is-covid-19s-impacton-asian-developing-economies/, (May 3, 2020); Deb, Pragyan, The Economic Effects of Covid-19 Containment Measures (2020) Covid Economics, 24, pp. 32-75; Democracy Index 2019: A Year of Democratic Setbacks and Popular Protest (2019) The Economist Intelligence Unit, , EIU; Gill, Indermit, The World Economy in 2020: the IMF Gets It Mostly Right Brookings, , https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2020/04/14/the-world-economy-in-2020-the-imf-gets-it-mostly-right/, (April 14, 2020); Hale, Thomas, (2020) Variation in Government Response to Covid-19, , BSG working paper No. 32, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford; Hashim, Jamal, Health and healthcare systems in Southeast Asia—United Nations University (2012), pp. 1-8. , United Nations Univ; (2020) World Economic Outlook, , IMF. International Monetary Fund-Geneva; Jackson, J.K., Global Economic Effects of Covid-19 (2020) Congressional Research Service; Jones, Alexei, (2020) The Challenge of Scaling up the European Union’s global response to Covid-19, , Briefing Not 16, European Centre for Development Policy Management, Netherlands; Kim, Myoung-hee, South Korea’s Covid-19 Success Story (2020) Financial Express, , (April 30); Kimura, Fukunari, (2020) Pandemic (Covid-19) Policy, Regional Cooperation and the Emerging Global Production Network, , ERIA Discussion Paper No. 328, April, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia; Loayza, Norman V., Pennings, Steven, Macroeconomic policy in the time of Covid-19: A primer for developing countries (2020) Research and Policy Brief No. 28, , World Bank; Marks, Simon, Djibouti is Treating All Covid Patients with Chloroquine, But Scientists Urge Caution https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/djiboutitreating-all-covid-patients-chloroquine-scientists-urge-caution/, VOA News (May 21, 2020). (); Nayyar, Deepak, Let There be Light: Long-term Lockdowns are not the Answers to Virus (2020) Open Magazine, , https://openthemagazine.com/essay/let-there-be-light-2/, (May 25); Phua, Kai Hong, (2021) Health and Health Systems in Southeast Asia: Policy Issues and Challenges, , World Scientific Publishing Company Singapore; Piguillem, F., Shi, L., The Optimal Covid-19 Quarantine and Testing Policies (2020) Mimeo, , (March 27); Quah, D., Singapore’s Policy Response to Covid-19 (2020) Mitigating the Covid-19 Economic Crisis: Act Fast and Do Whatever It Takes, , Baldwin, Richard, and Beatrice W. Mauro. (Eds) CEPR Press; Rediker, Douglas A., Rediker, Heidi C., Covid-19 Uncertainty and the IMF Brookings, , https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2020/04/14/covid-19-uncertainty-and-the-imf/, (April 14, 2020); Rothwell, Jonathan, The Effects of Covid-19 on International Labor Markets: An Update, , https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-effects-of-covid-19-on-internationallabor-markets-an-update/, Brookings (May 27, 2020); Shih-Chung, Chen, Taiwan’s Coronavirus Protocol Shows How It is Done (2020) The Hindu, , (May 02); Singh, Lakhwinder, Economic Consequences of Covid-19: A Global Perspective (2020) CDEIS Policy Brief No. 3, Centre for Development Economics and Innovation Studies (CDEIS), , Punjabi University, Patiala; Singh, Nirvikar, Restarting India’s economy efficiently after Coronavirus outbreak (2020) Financial Express, , (April 14); Sohrabi, Catrin, World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (Covid-19) (2020) International Journal of Surgery, 76, pp. 71-76; Spahn, Jens, How Germany Contained the Coronavirus World Economic Forum, , https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/how-germany-contained-the-coronavirus/, (May 23, 2020); Stockwin, Arthur, How Will Covid-19 Reshape the World? East Asia Forum, , https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/04/15/how-will-covid-19-reshape-the-world/, (April 15, 2020); Subacchi, Paola, A Covid-19 Debt Shock in Asia East Asia Forum, , https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/06/01/a-covid-19-debt-shock-in-asia/, (June 01, 2020); Sumner, Andy, Hoy, Chris, Ortiz-Juarez, Eduardo, (2020) Estimates of the Impact of Covid-19 on Global Poverty, , Working paper No. 43, World Institute of Development Economics Research, United Nations University; Weber, Enzo, Which Measures Flattened the Curve in Germany? (2020) Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-time Papers, 24, pp. 205-217; Wignaraja, Ganeshan, Will Covid-19 Bring Recession and Debt Shock to Developing Asia? East Asia Forum, , https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/04/03/will-covid-19-bringrecession-and-debt-shock-to-developing-asia/, (April 03, 2020)},
correspondence_address1={Heller, P.W.; Canopus Foundation, Günterstalstr. 9A, D– 79102, Germany; email: pwheller@canopusfund.org},
publisher={Seoul National University,Institute of Economic Research},
issn={12250279},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Seoul J. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rashidin20201,
author={Rashidin, M.S. and Javed, S.},
title={“Made in China 2025” Strategy and Trade Hostility: The United States VS China},
journal={Asian Journal of Business Research},
year={2020},
volume={10},
number={3},
pages={1-23},
doi={10.14707/ajbr.200088},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099167708&doi=10.14707%2fajbr.200088&partnerID=40&md5=754aba31b2d8c93205657121a17d030f},
affiliation={School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing, China},
abstract={The current study provides an overview of the United States and China escalating trade hostility that commenced in January 2018.An attempt has been made to find the root cause of the trade war between two giant economic powers for trade dispute. Mixed method approach was adopted i-e qualitative data was gathered by conducting panel discussion with different professors and quantitative data was gathered from articles, newspapers, WTO, World Bank, WITS and MIT.edu databases. The accumulated qualitative data was analysed through content analysis; excel was used for the quantitative data analysis. Results indicate that evolving tariffs war is a hidden tactic to contaminate “Made in China 2025” industrial revolution Policy, because it’s a major hurdle against Trump’s wish of making America again super manufacturing power. In fact, China has become a super manufacturing power by upgrading in its technological sector. Moreover, tit for tat tariffs war has reverberated the entire global economy badly. Chinese rapid growth and innovative plan, higher trade deficit between China and the United States, technological development, leading manufacturing capability, foreign investment amiable environment and proper industrial plan “Made in China, 2025” are the main trigger points for the United States. Owing to these reasons, the United States has to impede the Made in China 2025 plan, and it, in fact, wishes to skip Made in China 2030. © 2020, Asia Business Research Corporation. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Chinese Trade;  Made in China 2025;  Trade War;  U.S. VS China;  US Import},
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On the advantages of interviewing couples together (2012) Qualitative Research, 14 (1), pp. 3-19; Branstetter, L., Lardy, N., (2008) China’s embrace of globalization, , Cambridge University Press, New York; Ceglowski, J., Golub, S., Does China still have a labour cost advantage? (2011) Global Economy Journal, 12 (3), pp. 2756-2763; Cheng, H., Park, A., Can Chinese manufacturing firms cope with rising labour costs? (2018) HKUST IEMS Thought Leadership Brief Series 2018-21, , HKUST Institute for Emerging Market Studies; Cheng, E., (2018) China announces retaliatory tariffs on 34 billion worth of us goods including agriculture product, , https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/china-announces-retaliatory-tariffs-on-34-billion-worth-of-us-goods-including-agriculture-products.html, Retrieved from; Cyrill, M., (2018) What is made in China 2025 and why has it made the world so nervous?, , https://www.china-briefing.com/news/made-in-china-2025/, Retrieved from; (2017) China-US trade war the single biggest economic threat to Australia, , http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-11/trade-war-between-us-and-china-a-major-threat-to-australia/8172562, David, Retrieved from; Donnan, S., Jacobs, J., Niquette, M., Han, M., Black, J., Deaux, J., (2018) Economics: U.S., China impose new tariffs on each other as talks resume, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-22/u-s-china-restart-trade-talks-as-billions-more-in-tariffs-loom, Retrieved from; Drezner, D. W., (2014) The system worked: How the world stopped another great depression, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Freund, C., Weinhold, D., The effect of the Internet on international trade (2004) Social Science Electronic Publishing, 62 (1), pp. 171-189. , L; Friedman, T., Are we becoming too like China? (2018) The New York Times, p. A25. , 9 May 2018; Giles, C., (2018) IMF chief warns trade war could rip apart global economy, , https://www.ft.com/content/c8c4bb22-3ccd-11e8-b9f9-de94fa33a81, Retrieved from; Grossman, G. M., Rossi-Hansberg, E., (2008) External economies and international trade redux, , https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w12721/w12721.pdf, Retrieved from; Hiram, T., Fam, K. S., Chan, Y. W., Cheah, J. H., Editorial-Ten trends shaping the future of marketing: Consideration for the academics (2019) Asian Journal of Business Research, 9 (1), pp. I-IX; Hillman, J., (2018) The best way to address China’s unfair policies and practices is through a big, bold multilateral case at the WTO, , https://www.law.georgetown.edu/news/professor-from-practice-jennifer-hillman-testifies-on-addressing-chinese-market-distortions/, Retrieved from; Krugman, P., Scale economies, product differentiation, and the pattern of trade (1980) American Economic Review, 70 (5), pp. 950-959; Lardy, N., (2018) Prospects for economic reform and medium-term growth in China, , http://www.iberchina.org/files/2018-2/Prospects_economic_reform_china_Lardy.pdf, Retrieved from; Long, G. Q., (2005) China’s policies on FDI: Review and evaluation, , https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/9780881323818-Ch12.pdf, Retrieved from; Lovely, M., Yang, L., Trump tariffs primarily hit multinational supply chains, harm US technology competitiveness (2018) PIIE Policy Brief, pp. 18-12. , May, Washington DC; Lu, F., Li, S. S., Reorientation of the U.S. economic and trade policies towards China and the growing risks of trade war between the two countries (2018) International Economic Review, 10 (3), pp. 64-86; (2018), http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/www/201806/20180616015345014.pdf, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM), Retrieved from]; Neuman, W. L., (2000) Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, , Allyn and Bacon, Boston; Nyshka, C., (2018) Responds to Trump tariffs with proposed list of 128 US products to target, , https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/22/china-responds-to-trump-tariffs-with-proposed-list-of-us-products-to-target.html, Retrieved from; Obstfeld, M., (2018) Global economy: good news for now but trade tensions a threat, , https://blogs.imf.org/2018/04/17/global-economy-goodnews-for-now-but-trade-tensions-a-threat/, Retrieved from; Oi, J., Babiarz, K., Zhang, L., Luo, R., Rozelle, S., Shifting fiscal control to limit cadre power in China's townships and villages (2012) The China Quarterly, 211, pp. 649-675; Posen, A. S., The post-American world economy: Globalization in the Trump era (2018) Foreign Affairs, , March/April; Posen, A. S., The post-American world economy: Globalization in the Trump era (2018) Foreign Affairs, , March/April; Preeg, E., (2004) The threatened US competitive lead in Advanced Technology Products (ATP), , Manufacturers Alliance, Washington; Rashidin, M. S., Javed, S., Chen, L., Jian, W., Assessing the competitiveness of Chinese multinational enterprises development: Evidence from electronics sector (2020) Sage Open, pp. 1-20. , (2020a), January-March; Rashidin, M. S., Javed, S., Liu, B., What a dilemma? Chinese economics growth strategies using IR theories Chinese Political Science Review, 5, pp. 148-176; Rashidin, M. S., Javed, S., Liu, B., Wang, J., Rajest, S. S., Insights: Rivals collaboration on belt and road initiatives and Indian recourses (2019) Journal of Advance Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 11 (4), pp. 1510-1522; Rodrik, D., (2006) What’s so special about China’s exports?, , NBER Working Paper No. 11947, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge; Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., (2003) Research methods for business studies, , Pearson, Washington; Schott, P. K., (2006) The relative sophistication of Chinese exports, , NBER Working Paper No. 12173, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge; Usha, C. V. H., George, T. H., (2013) Subsidies to Chinese industry: State capitalism, business strategy and trade policy, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; (2018) Report to Congress on China’s WTO compliance, , https://www.innovation4.cn/library/r23475, USTR (United States Trade Representative), Retrieved from; Wayne, M. M., (2019) The Made in china 2025 initiative: Economics implications for the United States, , https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10964.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjxqqCS3MzkAhWMJ1AKHRYnCCk4ChAWMAN6BAgHEAE&usg=AOvVaw2nrYGvos0Ysak-t3eBd5xw, Retrieved from; House, White, (2018) President Donald J. Trump is confronting China’s unfair trade policies, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-confronting-chinas-unfair-trade-policies/, Retrieved from; House, White, (2018) Statement on steps to protect domestic technology and intellectual property from China’s discriminatory and burdensome trade practices, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-steps-protectdomestic-technology-intellectual-property-chinas-discriminatory-burdensome-tradepractices/, Retrieved from; Will, G., The socialist states of America (2018) Washington Post, p. A17. , 8 July; Wiseman, B., (2018) US-China trade war elevates the risks to the global economy, , https://apnews.com/f8afd2ff1c41409783095052f1dcfb6b, Retrieved from; (2020) New law gives foreign investors teeth in bite of China market, , http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/02/c_138674050.htm, Xinhuanet, Retrieved from; Yadav, N., The role of internet use on international trade: Evidence from Asian and Sub-Saharan African enterprises (2014) Global Economy Journal, 14 (2), pp. 198-214; Yongding, Y., A trade war that is unwarranted (2018) China & World Economy, 26 (5), pp. 38-61; Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Hao, H., Johnson, L., Wang, H., Plug-in electric vehicle market penetration and incentives: A global review (2015) Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 20, pp. 777-795},
publisher={Asia Business Research Corporation},
issn={24634522},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian J. Bus. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liu2020395,
author={Liu, X. and Liu, Y. and Yan, Y.},
title={China macroeconomic report 2020: China’s macroeconomy is on the rebound under the impact of COVID-19},
journal={Economic and Political Studies},
year={2020},
volume={8},
number={4},
pages={395-435},
doi={10.1080/20954816.2020.1844609},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098477461&doi=10.1080%2f20954816.2020.1844609&partnerID=40&md5=959e9d7e654815c654ef23f02d0924be},
affiliation={National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China; School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China; China Chengxin International Credit Rating Company Limited (CCXI), Beijing, China},
abstract={The year 2020 is bound to be a very special year in the history of China’s and the world’s economy. The sudden onslaught of COVID-19 has taken a heavy toll on China’s macroeconomy and its market participants. Also, the global economic and trade system has tipped into the most severe downturn since World War II. The macro stimulus policy packages launched by various countries are of an epic scale, in a way rarely seen before. China was the first to be hit by the epidemic, to contain the epidemic, and to resume work and production. China’s economic recovery and reconstruction are of landmark and leading significance for the global economy. The content of this report mainly includes the following two aspects: one is to forecast the basic trend and recovery potential of China’s economy under the impact of the epidemic; the other is to provide applicable policy recommendations for post-epidemic economic rehabilitation and its mid- to long-term development. We focus on four issues: the progress and nature of China’s economic recovery at the current stage; major challenges and risks facing China’s economic recovery in the next stage; how to design policies of a sizable scale and policy mechanisms to achieve desired effects; and whether the existing policy is sufficient to cope with various risks and challenges, to enhance resilience and re-consolidate economic foundations. In view of this, the report presents the forecast and prospect of China’s core macroeconomic indicators in 2020 and puts forward policy recommendations accordingly. © 2020 Economic and Political Studies.},
author_keywords={China’s macroeconomy;  COVID-19 epidemic;  economic recovery;  macro control},
funding_details={19LLLJA001},
funding_text 1={This research is supported by Beijing Research Centre of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era [Grant No. 19LLLJA001].},
correspondence_address1={Liu, X.; National Academy of Development and Strategy, China; email: lxg2015@ruc.edu.cn},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={20954816},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Polit. Studies},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Šimek2020311,
author={Šimek, M.},
title={Educational furniture for underdeveloped countries},
journal={Sustainability of Forest-Based Industries in the Global Economy - Proceedings of Scientific Papers},
year={2020},
pages={311-315},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Joint 13th International Scientific Conference WoodEMA 2020 and the 31st International Scientific Conference ICWST 2020 ; Conference Date: 28 September 2020 Through 30 September 2020;  Conference Code:163863},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095708350&partnerID=40&md5=185bc28ee844d4e65ead55581cdd9537},
affiliation={Department of Furniture, Design and Habitation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic},
abstract={School furniture is one of the most needed item that is still missing in underdeveloped countries. Education of our children makes the society more competitive and adjustable to new situations. Those who are in need of educational furniture are mostly located in Africa, south-east Asia, south and central Americas but also in some European countries or countries in desperate need of resources caused by war or natural disasters. Current World wide pandemic situation makes the situation even worst therefore some communities may need this kind of furniture as well. Goal of this article is to present possible way of “self-made” furniture based of very fundamental technologies and local resources. In the past when our Earth was not so dependent of global economy and transportation of goods we were able to help ourselves. Therefore the solution can be found either in the history or in the skilled people homes that did not forgot their knowledge and traditions. Example of construction and techniques presented in this article was designed for Africa (Zambia). It demonstrates what different material and skills out of industrial world can be useful and to help those who desire to be educated. © Forest-Based Industries in the Global Economy .All right reserved.},
author_keywords={Africa;  Chair;  Education;  Furniture},
keywords={Disasters, European Countries;  Global economies;  Local resources;  Natural disasters;  School furnitures;  Southeast Asia;  Still missing;  Transportation of goods, Industrial economics},
references={Eckelman, C., Haviarova, E., Zui, H., Gibson, H., Considerations in the design and development of school furniture for developing regions based on local resources (2001) Forest Products Journal, 51 (6), pp. 56-63; Haviarova, E., Eckelman, C., Performance tests of school chairs constructed with round mortise and tenon joints (2006) Forest Products Journal, 51 (5), pp. 79-88; Haviarova, E., (2000) Design and Construction of Wooden School Furniture for Children in Developing Countries, p. 200. , PhD thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jeníček, V., Srnec, K., (2012) Fundamental problems of developing countries, p. 265. , Čeněk Aleš Publishing, Plzeň; Jumbe, C., (2004) Contribution of dry forests to rural livelihoods and the national economy in Zambia, p. 25. , Centre for International Forestry Research, University of Zambia; Moyo, D., (2009) Dead Aid: why aid is not working and how there is a better way for Africa, p. 188. , (1st edit) New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux; Njovu, F., Forest Certification in Zambia (2004), pp. 535-559. , Forest Economist. Copperbelt University, June 2004. Symposium. Forest Certification in Developing and Transitioning Societies: Social, Economic, and Ecological Effects Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; Nkamba, M., Kanyika, J., (1998) The quality of primary education some policy suggestions based on a survey of schools, , Ministry of Education, Zambia, International Institute for Educational Planning, UNESCO; Sekeli, P.M., Phiri, M., State of Forest and Tree Genetic Resources in Zambia (2002) Prepared for the Second Regional Training Workshop on Forest Genetic Resources for Eastern and Southern African Countries 6-10 December 1999, Nairobi, Kenya; and updated for the SADC Regional Workshop on forest and tree genetic resources, , June 2000, Tanzania},
correspondence_address1={Šimek, M.; Department of Furniture, Czech Republic; email: milansimek@gmail.com},
editor={Jelacic D.},
publisher={WoodEMA, i.a.},
isbn={9789535782285},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sustain. For.-Based Ind. Glob. Econ. - Proc. Sci. Pap.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dreher202051,
author={Dreher, S.},
title={Business fundamentalism and us hegemony},
journal={International Political Economy Series},
year={2020},
pages={51-74},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-41472-6_3},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092505696&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-41472-6_3&partnerID=40&md5=946124fb2d24df96cf9bb3b4be46d457},
affiliation={International Studies, York University Glendon Campus, Toronto, ON, Canada},
abstract={This chapter outlines how religious fundamentalism has shaped the hegemonic country. The hegemonic country determines global rules and decision-making processes, prints the reserve currency, controls the leading economic sectors, and comprises a large share of the global economy. Internal changes impact foreign policy; deciphering them is therefore a precondition for understanding world politics according to theories of hegemonic change. This chapter focuses on two such policy shifts. The first is the change from Keynesianism to neoliberalism, and the second is toward increased military intervention and Islamophobia. The chapter locates the origin of neoliberalism in a form of “business-oriented Christianity” that emerged in the 1930s to fight the interventionist New Deal state, while the increased use of military force and the creation of “Islam” as the enemy have been enthusiastically supported by the current evangelical right. Both profoundly transformed the global political economy through increased inequality, economic instability, and the War on Terror. © 2020, The Author(s).},
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E. Davis & J. Go (Eds.), (Vol., pp. , Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing; Mohandesi, S., Teitelman, E., Without reserves (2017) Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression, pp. 37-67. , T. Bhattacharya (Ed.), (pp. , London: Pluto Press; Nabers, D., Patman, R.G., September 11 and the rise of political fundamentalism in the Bush administration: Domestic legitimatization versus international estrangement? (2008) Global Change Peace and Security, 20 (2), pp. 169-183; Offe, C., New social movements: Challenging the boundaries of institutional politics (1985) Social Research, 52 (4), p. 817; O’Rourke, L.A., (2018) Covert Regime Change: America’s Secret Cold War, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Overbeek, H., van der Pijl, K., (1993) Restructuring Capital and Restructuring Hegemony: Neo-Liberalism and the Unmaking of the Post-War Order, pp. 1-27. , H. Overbeek (Ed.), Restructuring hegemony in the global political economy (pp. , London: Routledge; Panitch, L., Gindin, S., (2012) The Making of Global Capitalism, , London: Verso Books; Perrucci, R., Wysong, E., Wright, D., (2014) New Class Society: Goodbye American Dream?, , 4th ed.). London: Rowman & Littlefield; Phillips-Fein, K., (2010) Invisible Hands: The businessmen’s Crusade against The New Deal, , New York: W. W. Norton; Pieterse, J., The history of a metaphor: Christian Zionism and the politics of apocalypse (1991) Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions, 75 (1), pp. 75-103; (1992) Christianity and Hegemony: Religion and Politics on the Frontiers of Social Change, , Pieterse, J. N. (Ed.), London: Bloomsbury Academic; Polanyi, K., (1957) The Great Transformation, , Boston, MA: Beacon Press; Riesebrodt, M., (1993) Pious Passion: The Emergence of Modern Fundamentalism in The United States and Iran, , D. Reneau, Trans.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Riesebrodt, M., Fundamentalism and the resurgence of religion (2000) Numen, 47 (3), p. 266; Robin, C., (2018) The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Donald Trump, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Roland, A., (2007) The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy since World War II, pp. 335-371. , The military-industrial complex: Lobby and trope. In A. Bacevich (Ed.), (pp. , New York: Columbia University Press; Rosenblum, J., (2017) Beyond $15: Immigrant Workers, Faith Activists, and the Revival of the Labor Movement, , Boston, MA: Beacon Press; Sandeen, E.R., Fundamentalism and American identity (1970) The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 387 (1), pp. 56-65; Sassen, S., A massive loss of habitat: New drivers for migration (2016) Sociology of Development, 2 (2), pp. 204-233; Schaeffer, F.A., (1982) Christian Manifesto. Interview with Pat Robertson. CBN: The 700 Club, , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voU xVvVXOlM, March, Accessed on May 30, 2019; Schaeffer, F.A., Kennedy, D.J., (1981) A Christian Manifesto, , Westchester, IL: Crossway Books; Schaeffer, F.A., Schaffer, J., (1976) How Should We then Live, , Westchester, IL: Crossway Books; Schwartz, H.M., (2010) States versus Markets: The Emergence of a Global Economy, , (4th ed.). London: Macmillan International Higher Education; Sharlet, J., (2009) The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at The Heart of American Power, , New York: Harper Perennial; Slaughter, A., The use of force in Iraq: Illegal and illegitimate (2004) Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, 98, pp. 262-263; Smidt, C.E., Religion and American attitudes toward Islam and an invasion of Iraq (2005) Sociology of Religion, 66 (3), pp. 243-261; Smith, A., Martinez, J., How the Faithful Voted: A Preliminary Analysis, , 2016, November 9, Pew Research Centre; Solty, I., (2016) Markt-Religion. PROKLA. Zeitschrift Für Kritische Sozialwis-Senschaft, 46 (182), pp. 35-56; Strange, S., (1988) States and Markets: An Introduction to International Political Economy, , London: Pinter; Sullivan, W.F., Hurd, E.S., Mahmood, S., Danchin, P.G., (2015) Politics of Religious Freedom, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Toft, M., Why is America Addicted to Foreign Interventions? The National Interest., , http://www.nationalinterest.org, 2017, December 10, Accessed on May 30, 201; Tooze, A., (2018) Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World, , New York: Viking; Turner, B.S., Sovereignty and emergency: Political theology, Islam and American conservatism (2002) Theory, Culture & Society, 19 (4), pp. 103-119; van Apeldoorn, B., de Graaf, N., (2016) American Grand Strategy and Corporate Elite Networks, , London: Routledge; Walt, S.M., Beyond Bin Laden: Reshaping U.S. foreign policy International Security, 26 (3), pp. 56-78. , 2001–2002; Waltz, K.N., (1979) Theory of International Politics, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Waltz, K.N., Globalization and governance (1999) Political Science and Politics, 32 (4), pp. 693-700; Whitehead, A.L., Perry, S.L., Baker, J.O., Make America Christian again: Christian nationalism and voting for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election (2018) Sociology of Religion, 79 (2), pp. 147-171},
correspondence_address1={Dreher, S.; International Studies, Canada; email: sdreher@yorku.ca},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26622483},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Poliit. Econ. Ser.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brown202015,
author={Brown, S.S. and Hermann, M.G.},
title={Geopolitics and transnational crime},
journal={International Political Economy Series},
year={2020},
pages={15-31},
doi={10.1057/978-1-137-49670-6_2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092496790&doi=10.1057%2f978-1-137-49670-6_2&partnerID=40&md5=5be96a2550bb11f4dba10007ac137fb2},
affiliation={Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States},
abstract={How do those engaged in transnational crime view the world? Suppose we could interview the leadership of such organizations and ask them to provide us with a map of the world through their eyes, what would it look like? Would it include states and their border crossings; be focused around places where illegal goods are produced, transported, or distributed; be defined by traditional trading routes; showcase areas that are safe havens and generally outside the reach of law enforcement; display spaces where potential commodities and employees are available; and/or delineate zones of influence and who governs them? Although such maps are implied in discussions of transnational crime, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the geopolitics of the illicit global economy. In fact, generally these areas are not studied until a major uptick in crime or a security breach has occurred. For example, consider the highlighting of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (or FATA region) in Pakistan during the US-Afghan War post-9/11 or of Hezbollah Territory in Lebanon after the war with Israel in 2006. What can we learn about the world as those involved in transnational crime envision it by examining the 80 black spots we currently have studied as part of the Mapping Global Insecurity Project? After all, maps represent interpretations of what counts geographically to their creators. © 2020, The Author(s).},
references={Abraham, I., Schendel, W., Introduction (2005) Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders, and the Other Side of Globalization, , ed. Willem van Schendel and Itty Abraham. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Agnew, J., (2009) Globalization and Sovereignty, , New York: Roman and Littlefield; Andreas, P., (2000) Border Games: Policing the Us-Mexico Divide, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Buscaglia, E., Dijk, J.V., Controlling Organized Crime and Corruption in the Public Sector (2003) Journal on Crime and Society, 3, pp. 3-34; Cirnio, J.A., Elizondo, S.L., Wawro, G., Latin American Security Challenges: A Collaborative Inquiry from North and South (2004) Latin America’s Lawless Areas and Failed States: An Analysis of the New Threats, , ed. Paul D. Taylor. Newport: Naval War College Press; Crane, D.M., Dark Corners: The West African Joint Criminal Enterprise (2008) International Studies Review, 10, pp. 387-391; (2015) 2015 Fragile States Index, , Washington, DC: Fund for Peace; Guttmann, J., (1973) The Significance of Territory, , Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press; Keefè, P.R., The Geography of Badness: Mapping the Hubs of the Illicit Global Economy (2013) Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, , ed. Michael Miklaucic and Jacqueline Brewer. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press; Lamb, R.D., (2008) Ungoverned Areas and Threats from Safe Havens, , Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense; Naim, M., (2005) Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy, , New York: Anchor Books; Naylor, R.T., (2002) Wages of Crime: Black Markets, Illegal Finance, and the Underworld Economy, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Neocleous, M., (2003) Imagining the State, , Maidenhead: Open University Press; Peters, G., Haqqani Network Financing: The Evolution of an Industry (2012) Harmony Program, , The Combatting Terrorism Center, West Point; Rabkin, J.A., (2004) The Case for Sovereignty: Why the World Should Welcome American Independence, , Washington, DC: AEI Press; Serrano, M., Toro, M.C., From Drug Trafficking to Transnational Organized Crime in Latin America (2002) Mats Berdal and Monica Serrano, , Transnational Organized Crime and International Security, ed. , Boulder: Lynne Reiner; Shelley, L.I., (2014) Dirty Entanglements: Corruption, Crime, and Terrorism, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Shelley, L.I., Picarelli, J.T., Irby, A., Hart, D.M., Craig-Hart, P.A., Williams, P., Simon, S., Covill, L., (2005) Methods and Motives: Exploring Links between Transnational Organized Crime and International Terrorism, , Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; Speth, J.G., Haas, P.M., (2006) Global Environmental Governance, , Washington, DC: Island Press; Strange, S., (2010) The Retreat of The State: The Diffusion of Power in The World Economy, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Sullivan, J.P., How Illicit Networks Impact Sovereignty (2013) Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, , ed. Michael Miklaucic and Jacqueline Brewer. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press; Sung, H.E., State Failure, Economic Failure, and Predatory Organized Crime: A Comparative Analysis (2004) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41 (1), pp. 111-129; (2015) Dubai’s Bright Prospects: The Nuclear Deal’s Other Winner, , July; (2010) The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, , Vienna: UNODC; van Dijk, J., (2008) World of Crime: Breaking the Silence on Problems of Crime, Justice, and Development across the World, , Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; van Dijk, J., Spapens, T., Transnational Organized Crime Networks (2014) Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice, , ed. Philip Reichel and Jay Albanese, 2nd ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications; van Schendel, W., Spaces of Engagement: How Borderlands, Illicit Flows, and Territorial States Interlock (2005) Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders, and the Other Side of Globalization, , ed. Willem van Schendel and Itty Abraham. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Williams, P., Crime, Black Markets and Money Laundering (2001) Managing Global Issues: Lessons Learned, , ed. Chaneal de Jonge Oudraat and P.J. Simmons. New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Zartman, W., Aronson, C.T., (2005) Rethinking The Economics of War: The Intersection of Need, Creed, and Greed, , Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press},
correspondence_address1={Brown, S.S.; Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs, United States; email: ssbrown@maxwell.syr.edu},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26622483},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Poliit. Econ. Ser.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mastepanov20206,
author={Mastepanov, A.M.},
title={Coronavirus and the resulting crisis: About the prospects of the world economy and energy},
journal={Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo - Oil Industry},
year={2020},
volume={2020},
number={6},
pages={6-12},
doi={10.24887/0028-2448-2020-6-6-12},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091600865&doi=10.24887%2f0028-2448-2020-6-6-12&partnerID=40&md5=ef905e3f8da6c21d1acf2578a3202a43},
affiliation={Oil and Gas Research Institute of RAS, RF, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Energy Strategy, RF, Moscow, Russian Federation; Gubkin University, RF, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={The article is devoted to changes in the global economy and energy that have occurred over the past year and a half. The main driving forces of these changes are shown-price and trade wars and sharply increased volatility in world commodity markets, the coronavirus pandemic accompa-nied by an economic recession and a collapse in energy prices. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the coronavirus crisis on the global economy and energy consumption is considered. Various estimates of the impact of this crisis on the development of economic processes and their evolution are shown, and it is concluded that in the conditions of high uncertainty, all these estimates deserve careful consideration. The main uncertainties related to the economic prospects, including the trajectory of the pandemic, the consequences and duration of measures to contain the spread of the virus, strategies for its re-emergence, as well as the form and speed of recovery of people as the pandemic recedes, as well as shape and speed of people recovering as the pandemic is removed, and the uncertainties associated with overcoming the crisis are identified. The analysis of existing forecasts for the development of the economic situation and energy consumption in the current year, made by the World Monetary Fund, the European Commission, the International Energy Agency, the OPEC Secretariat and other organizations is carried out. Special attention is paid to estimates and forecasts of demand for oil and petroleum products in conjunction/connection with the need to accelerate the transition to clean energy in order to mitigate the risks of climate change, successes in the development of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, and technological development in general. The forecast of investment in the energy sector of the global economy made by the IEA and the main changes in investment activity due to the crisis caused by the coronavirus are examined in detail. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the possible impact of this crisis on the energy sector of the Russian economy and on the prospects for the development of energy in Russia, especially its oil and gas industry. It is concluded that the global multi-level crisis should finally become the impetus that will force us to take real steps towards overcoming the dependence of the Russian economy on raw materials and forming an innovative economy based on high-tech industrial production. This crisis should become an additional reason for the country's leadership to take all possible measures to accelerate the diversification of the Russian economy, ensure the development of oil and gas chemistry and other industries related to deep processing of natural resources, and accelerate the transition to the rails of re-source-innovative sustainable development. © 2020, Neftyanoe Khozyaistvo. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Coal;  Coronavirus crisis;  Coronavirus pandemic;  Diversification of the Russian economy;  Electric power industry;  Energy consumption;  Energy efficiency;  Forecasts;  Global economy;  Investment in the energy sector;  Natural gas;  Oil;  Oil and gas chemistry;  Renewable energy sources (RES);  Resource-innovative sustainable development},
references={Mastepanov, A.M., Report at the Nice Club's annual forum “Energy and Geopolitics World Energy – New Challenges), , http://www.iehei.org/Club_de_Nice/2010/MASTEPANOV_2010.pdf, Mirovaya energetika – novye vyzovy; Mastepanov, A.M., The world at a break or a new reality: Prospects for the development of the energy industry and its oil and gas sector (In Russ.) (2020) Problemy Ekonomiki I Upravleniya Neftegazovym Kompleksom, 5, pp. 9-10; https://rbc.us20.list-manage.cjm/track/click?u=9593212aae48ef980d8bc6b57&d=a38263a3f4&e=9626405cf2; (2020) The Impacts of the Covid-19 Crisis on Global Energy Demand and Co2 Emissions, IEA, , https://webstore.iea.org/login?Re-turnUrl=%2fdownload%2fdirect%2f2995, April 2020, URL; Institutional paper no. 125, May 2020 (2020) URL, , https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-per-formance-and-forecasts/economic-forecasts/spring-2020-economic-fore-cast_en; Europe’s Moment: Repair and Prepare for the Next Generation, , https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1590732521013&uri=COM:2020:456:FIN; https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_the_coronavirus_a_geopoliti-cal_earthquake?; Protivodeystvie Krizisu: Prioritetnye Zadachi Dlya Mirovoy Ekonomiki (Counter-Ing the Crisis: Priorities for the World Economy), , https://www.imf.org/ru/News/Articles/2020/04/07/sp040920-SMs2020-Curtain-Raiser, URL; (2020) The Great Lockdown, URL, , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020, April; Monthly Oil Market Report – April 2020 OPEC Monthly Oil Market Report – May 2020, URL, , https://momr.opec.org/pdf-download/; Oil Market Report, , https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-; EA, 9 March 2020, 120 r (2020) Analysis and Forecast to 2025, I, , https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-2020; (2020) IEA, May 2020, 207 R., URL, , https://web-store.iea.org/download/direct/3003; Mastepanov, A.M., Energy transition as a new challenge for the global oil and gas industry (In Russ.) (2019) Energeticheskaya Politika, 2, pp. 62-69; Mastepanov, A.M., Energy transition: What should the oil and gas world get ready for (2019) Problemy Ekonomiki I Upravleniya Neftegazovym Kom-Pleksom, 10 (178), pp. 5-14. , In Russ; Oganesyan, T., Bol'shaya “zelenaya” Sdelka ES (Big Green EU Deal), , https://stimul.online/articles/sreda/bolshaya-zelenaya-sdelka-es/, URL; Sidorovich, V., Evropeyskoe “Zelenoe soglashenie” I Ego Posledstviya Dlya Rossii (The European Green Agreement and Its Implications for Russia), , https://renen.ru/the-european-green-deal-and-its-implications-for-russia/; Sadyrkin, P., Zelenyy shans. Koronavirus menyaet mirovuyu ekonomiku. Kak Rossiya mozhet vyigrat' ot etogo? (Green chance. Coronavirus is chang-i ng the gl obal economy. How can Russi a benefi t from thi s?) URL, , https://lenta.ru/articles/2020/05/08/chance/; Kortunov, A.V., Balans, S., Kak Epidemiya Izmenit Otnosheniya Rossii I ES (Balance of Weaknesses. How the Epidemic Will Change Relations between Russi a and the EU), , https://carnegie.ru/commen-tary/81601?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWm1, URL; Gabuev, A., Umarov, T., Ekstrennoe, S., Kak Pandemiya Usilit Zav-Isimost' Rossii Ot Kitaya (Emergency Rapprochement. How a Pandemic Will Increase Russia's Dependence on China, , https://carnegie.ru/commen-tary/81633, URL},
correspondence_address1={Mastepanov, A.M.; Oil and Gas Research Institute of RAS, Russian Federation; email: amastepanov@mail.ru; Mastepanov, A.M.; Institute of Energy Strategy, Russian Federation; email: amastepanov@mail.ru; Mastepanov, A.M.; Gubkin University, Russian Federation; email: amastepanov@mail.ru},
publisher={Neftyanoe Khozyaistvo},
issn={00282448},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Neft. Khoz. Oil Indust.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Calori2020,
author={Calori, A.},
title={Losing the global: (Re)building a Bosnian enterprise across transition},
journal={Business History},
year={2020},
doi={10.1080/00076791.2020.1819242},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091214191&doi=10.1080%2f00076791.2020.1819242&partnerID=40&md5=1aa93822e7e122b4148ec91b8ad4f263},
affiliation={Global and European Studies Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany},
abstract={This article charts the rise and fall of Yugoslavia’s global economic project through the case of Energoinvest, a large enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This company was the protagonist first of a ‘leap outwards’, embedded in Yugoslavia’s economic partnerships with the Global South. After a brief phase of reforms, its operations were halted abruptly by the outbreak of the war in Bosnia. Afterwards, the company was at the centre of two clashing visions of post-war economic development, and two different sets of notions about what the future configuration of Bosnia’s post-socialist economy should look like. Should the country rely on its previous socialist-global giants, or should it turn to SMEs development? This debate reveals a complex and long-term discussion about the prospects of post-socialist semi-peripheries in the global economy, about notions, visions, and expectations of ‘globality’, and about the legacies of socialist globalisation after the collapse of state socialism. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={development;  Global South;  management;  non-alignment;  privatisation;  transition;  Yugoslavia},
references={Adamović, L.S., The foreign trade system of Yugoslavia (1982) Eastern European Economics, 20 (3-4), pp. 144-165; Águeda, G., Zozimo, R., Román, E.S., Jack, S., At the crossroads. Management and business history in entrepreneurship research (2016) Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business, 1 (2), pp. 156-200; Amatori, F., Business history: State of the art and controversies (2009) Revista de Historia Industrial, 1 (39), pp. 17-35; Bartlett, W., Economic reform, unemployment and labour market policy in Yugoslavia (1991) MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, 1 (3), pp. 93-109; Bayliss, K., (2005), Post-conflict privatisation. A review of development Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina., Overseas Development Institute, London, ESAU Working paper 12; Bockman, J., (2011) Markets in the name of socialism: The left-wing origins of neoliberalism, , Stanford University Press; Bockman, J., Socialist globalization against capitalist neocolonialism: The economic ideas behind the new international economic order (2015) Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 6 (1), pp. 109-128; Byrne, J.J., Beyond continents, colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the struggle for non-alignment (2015) The International History Review, 37 (5), pp. 912-932; Calori, A., Spaskovska, L., (2020) A non-aligned business world?—The global socialist enterprise between self-management and transnational capitalism, , Nationalities Papers, (2020), 1–15; Četković, P., (2015), pp. 1-20. , The role of banks economic development the former SFR Yugoslavia,. The WIIW Balkan Observatory Working Papers, Num. 114; Clark, E., Geppert, M., Socio-political processes in international management in post-socialist contexts: Knowledge, learning and transnational institution building (2006) Journal of International Management, 12, pp. 340-357; Clark, E., Soulsby, A., Constructing post-socialism: Organisational identity and the experience of international joint ventures (2012) Europe-Asia Studies, 64 (2), pp. 257-280; Coopey, R., Venture capital and enterprise (2005) Entrepreneurship in theory and history, pp. 127-148. , Cassis Y., Minoglou I.P., (eds), Palgrave Macmillan,. (Eds; Dizdarević, R., (2009) From the death of Tito to the death of Yugoslavia, , TKD Šahinpašić; Donais, T., (2005) The political economy of peacebuilding in post-Dayton Bosnia. Contemporary security studies, , Routledge; Ekbladh, D., (2009) The Great American mission: Modernization and the construction of an American world order, , Princeton University Press; Engerman, D.C., (2018) The price of aid. The economic Cold War in India, , Harvard University Press; Escobar, A., (1995) Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world, , Princeton University Press; Filipović, I., (2002) Emerik Blum. Monografija, , Šahinpašić; (2004), Bosnia and Herzegovina: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Mid-Term. Country Report. April; Jackson, G., (2010), Understanding corporate governance the United States,. Working paper. Dusseldorf: Hans-Boeckler Stiftung; Jakovina, T., (2016) Treća Strana Hladnog Rata, , Fraktura; Jović, D., (2009) Yugoslavia: A State that withered away, , Purdue University Press; Karkov, N.R., Valiavicharska, Z., Rethinking East-European Socialism: Notes toward an anti-capitalist decolonial methodology (2018) Interventions, 20 (6), pp. 785-813; Kouzmin, A., Korac-Kakabadse, N., From phobias and ideological prescription: Toward multiple models in transformation management for socialist economies in transition (1997) Administration & Society, 29 (2), pp. 139-188; Laron, G., Semi-peripheral countries and the invention of the ‘Third World’, 1955–65 (2014) Third World Quarterly, 35 (9), pp. 1547-1565; Lee, C.J., (2010) Making a world after empire: The Bandung moment and its political afterlives, , Ohio University Press; Lorenzini, S., (2019) Global development: A cold war history, , Princeton University Press; Lubinski, C., Wadhwani, R.D., New entrepreneurial history and international entrepreneurship: Exploring the intersections [Paper presentation] (2017) Paper Presented at the 33rd EGOS Colloquium 2017, , Copenhagen, Denmark; Macekura, S.J., Manela, E., (2018) The development century: A global history, , Cambridge University Press, and, (Eds; Mark, J., Iacob, B., Rupprecht, T., Spaskovska, L., (2019) Global 1989: Eastern Europe and the making of the modern world, , Cambridge University Press; Mark, J., Rupprecht, T., Europe’s ‘1989’ in global context (2017) The Cambridge history of communism, pp. 203-223. , Fürst J., Pons S., Selden M., (eds), Cambridge University Press, &,. (Eds; Mark, J., Slobodian, Q., Thompson, A., Eastern Europe (2018) The Oxford handbook of the ends of empire, , Thomas M., (ed), Oxford University Press, &,. (Ed; Mišković, N., Fischer-Tiné, H., Boškovska, N., (2014) The non-aligned movement and the cold war. Delhi–Bandung–Belgrade, , Routledge, &, (Eds; Murthy, C.S.R., Non-aligned movement countries as drivers of change in international organizations (2013) Comparativ, 23 (4-5), pp. 118-136; Nellis, J., (2002), The World Bank, privatization and enterprise reform transition economies: A retrospective analysis,. 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correspondence_address1={Calori, A.; Global and European Studies Institute, Germany},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={00076791},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gössling20201,
author={Gössling, S. and Scott, D. and Hall, C.M.},
title={Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19},
journal={Journal of Sustainable Tourism},
year={2020},
pages={1-20},
doi={10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708},
note={cited By 1938},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089501412&doi=10.1080%2f09669582.2020.1758708&partnerID=40&md5=580fa57106607982e98d7a82f0ada7ed},
affiliation={Western Norway Research Institute, Sogndal, Norway; Service Management and Service Studies, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden; School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand},
abstract={The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is challenging the world. With no vaccine and limited medical capacity to treat the disease, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are the main strategy to contain the pandemic. Unprecedented global travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders are causing the most severe disruption of the global economy since World War II. With international travel bans affecting over 90% of the world population and wide-spread restrictions on public gatherings and community mobility, tourism largely ceased in March 2020. Early evidence on impacts on air travel, cruises, and accommodations have been devastating. While highly uncertain, early projections from UNWTO for 2020 suggest international arrivals could decline by 20 to 30% relative to 2019. Tourism is especially susceptible to measures to counteract pandemics because of restricted mobility and social distancing. The paper compares the impacts of COVID-19 to previous epidemic/pandemics and other types of global crises and explores how the pandemic may change society, the economy, and tourism. It discusses why COVID-19 is an analogue to the ongoing climate crisis, and why there is a need to question the volume growth tourism model advocated by UNWTO, ICAO, CLIA, WTTC and other tourism organizations. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={COVID-19;  crisis;  Global change;  pandemic;  resilience;  tourism demand;  travel restrictions},
keywords={assessment method;  COVID-19;  disease control;  disease incidence;  epidemic;  global change;  international tourism;  tourism;  tourism economics;  tourist destination;  travel behavior;  viral disease, Coronavirus},
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correspondence_address1={Gössling, S.; Western Norway Research InstituteNorway; email: stefan.gossling@lnu.se},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={09669582},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Sustainable Tour.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nuruzzaman202051,
author={Nuruzzaman, M.},
title={Why BRICS Is No Threat to the Post-war Liberal World Order},
journal={International Studies},
year={2020},
volume={57},
number={1},
pages={51-66},
doi={10.1177/0020881719884449},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088955898&doi=10.1177%2f0020881719884449&partnerID=40&md5=947f987e1b86597ec6bb2936e9a5a8e9},
affiliation={Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, West Mishref, Kuwait},
abstract={BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has emerged as a powerful economic group in the global economy and politics, apparently posing threats to the survival of the post-war liberal world order. Its member states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are seeking to democratize the post-war liberal world order to increase their shares of voting power in the decision-making processes of the Bretton Woods institutions and thus curb the USA’s dominance over global economic and financial architecture and eventually overhaul the US-led liberal world order. Contrary to the fear of many Western policymakers and analysts, this article contends that BRICS poses no credible threats to the US-led post-war order. The BRICS group’s potential to challenge or threaten the US-led world order is seriously undermined by the internal make-up of the group, its political and ideological heterogeneity, its incapacity to develop a collective world order vision salable to the wider international community and the lack of strong convergence in foreign policy goals and preferences. © 2019 Jawaharlal Nehru University.},
author_keywords={alternative world order;  BRICS;  post-war world order;  shift in the global economy;  US dominance},
keywords={decision making;  economic relations;  global economy;  international relations;  liberalization;  political ideology;  post-war;  voting behavior, Brazil;  China;  India;  Russian Federation;  South Africa;  United States},
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correspondence_address1={Nuruzzaman, M.; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, West Mishref, Kuwait; email: nuruzzaman.m@gust.edu.kw},
publisher={Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd},
issn={00208817},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Katona2020139,
author={Katona, N.},
title={Political representation and spokespersons in the prostitution vs. sex work debate: Reflections on the Hungarian discourse in a global context},
journal={Intersections East European Journal of Society and Politics},
year={2020},
volume={6},
number={1},
pages={139-163},
doi={10.17356/ieejsp.v6i1.631},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088661863&doi=10.17356%2fieejsp.v6i1.631&partnerID=40&md5=d192a25e449a3c0315892e017cc7a40f},
affiliation={Institute for Sociology, Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary},
abstract={A binary debate has developed internationally between abolitionists and sex workers' rights (SWR) activists: this involves the so-called 'sex wars', which dominate the scholarship and activism regarding commercial sex worldwide. While abolitionists aim to eliminate prostitution, which they see as a manifestation of patriarchy and violence against women, SWR activists aim to recognize sex work as work, and to fight for better working conditions in the sex industry. Both movements have become institutionalized, and various local NGOs and international networks have been established to advocate for these political aims. These organizations try to influence national and international legislation regarding the selling of sex by building powerful alliances. The financial support of donors is also dependent on how compatible these movements are with neoliberal power relations. Furthermore, the development and political influence of local abolitionist or sex worker movements also depends on countries' positions in the global economy. The paper analyses the political representation and the role of spokespersons within the prostitution/sex work debate and also reflects on the advocacy work of Hungarian organizations active in this field since 1989. It discusses the evolution of a politics of recognition in the struggle related to commercial sex, and how transnational power dynamics on a global scale have affected Hungarian movements and civil society organizations since the era of state socialism. © Centre for Social Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences.},
author_keywords={Feminist movements;  Politics of recognition;  Prostitution;  Sex work;  Spokespersons},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_text 1={In the 1980s and 1990s the sex worker movement became stronger, in line with the development of the gay and LGBTQ movement. The upsurge of both movements was also connected to the rising fear of HIV and AIDS, and the increase in effort to combat these diseases. Many activities and projects led by LGBTQ and sex worker movements have been and are now financed by the anti-HIV funds of national governments, the EU, and wealthy foundations (Ekman, 2013: 54–58). The first regional advocacy network of sex worker organizations in Europe was also based on an anti-HIV platform and funding: the TAMPEP International Foundation (European Network for HIV/STI Prevention and Health Promotion among Migrant Sex Workers) was launched in 1993 to support migrant sex workers in Western Europe to access health services and HIV/STI prevention programs, thus to reduce their vulnerability to HIV/STI transmission (ICRSE, 2015: 9).},
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Budapest: Central European University; Moran, R., (2013) Paid For: My Journey through Prostitution, , Dublin, Ireland: Gill and Macmillan; Nógrádi, N., Miért nem helyes legalizálni a prostituáltak használatát? (Why the use of prostitutes should not be legalized) (2015) Kettös Mérce, , http://kettosmerce.blog.hu/2015/09/12/miert_nem_helyes_legalizalni_a_pros_titualtak_hasznalatat, September 12. 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correspondence_address1={Katona, N.; Institute for Sociology, Hungary; email: katona.noemi@tk.mta.hu},
publisher={Centre for Social Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences},
issn={2416089X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intersections East Eur. J. Soc. Politics},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiao2020540,
author={Xiao, H. and Meng, B. and Ye, J. and Li, S.},
title={Are global value chains truly global?},
journal={Economic Systems Research},
year={2020},
pages={540-564},
doi={10.1080/09535314.2020.1783643},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087555121&doi=10.1080%2f09535314.2020.1783643&partnerID=40&md5=bf0a461a779acfd607fdcc51678fb36f},
affiliation={School of Economics and Trade, Hunan University, Changsha, China; Institute of Developing Economies–JETRO, The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan; Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing, China},
abstract={Are global value chains (GVCs) truly global or are they more of a regional phenomenon? We provide a new perspective on this issue using network analysis based on the measure of trade in value added. We first show that GVC activities can be consistently identified and grouped into three types of networks, i.e. traditional, simple, and complex trade networks, according to the number of times that factor contents cross national borders in global production sharing. Further investigation on the changes in topology and structure of various networks reveals that, GVCs are more likely organized regionally and dominated by large countries, like the US, China, and Germany. However, at the sector level, what GVCs look like largely depends on the perspective (supply or demand) and the type of networks adopted. This can help better understand the possible structural change of GVCs brought by the US–China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020, © 2020 The International Input--Output Association.},
author_keywords={Global value chain;  input–output model;  network analysis;  production sharing;  trade in value added},
keywords={demand analysis;  global economy;  international trade;  network analysis;  regional economy;  supply chain management;  topology;  trade flow, China;  Germany;  United States},
funding_details={71673081},
funding_details={Asian Development BankAsian Development Bank, ADB},
funding_details={George Mason UniversityGeorge Mason University, GMU},
funding_details={China Teacher Development FoundationChina Teacher Development Foundation, CTDF},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 20K01674},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC},
funding_text 1={This research is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ‘The Coordination Mechanism between GVC Trade Gains and Carbon Emission Reduction and the Policy Study based on GVC-CGE Model’ (No. 71673081) (2019), China Development Research Foundation–IDE/JETRO’s international joint project ‘Global Value Chains in Transition’ (2020–2021), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 20K01674) (2020–2022) ‘The Impact of the US–China Trade War on Global Value Chains: A Comprehensive Analysis Considering Firm Heterogeneity’. We thank Prof. Zhi Wang, George Mason University; Dr. David Dollar, The Brookings Institution; Dr. Jiantuo Yu, China Development Research Foundation; and three anonymous referees as well as the editor, Prof. Michael L. Lahr, for their helpful comments. We also thank Dr. Joseph Mariasingham, Asian Development Bank, for the input–output database.},
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correspondence_address1={Ye, J.; School of Economics and Trade, China; email: yejiabai@163.com; Meng, B.; IDE-JETRO, Wakaba 3-2-2, Mihama, Japan; email: bo_meng@ide.go.jp},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={09535314},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Syst. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Duran2020323,
author={Duran, S. and Ersin, İ.},
title={The effects of trade wars between us and china on the financial performances of the companies},
journal={Contributions to Management Science},
year={2020},
pages={323-339},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-45023-6_16},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087160559&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-45023-6_16&partnerID=40&md5=0ca98921f5e83832f947216e474596ee},
affiliation={The School of Business, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey; Vocational School of Social Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey},
abstract={Tariffs that the USA has implemented in some products toward China have recently caused trade wars. Trump, who was elected US president in 2016, triggered trade wars due to his protectionist attitude towards China. That’s why trade wars officially started in 2018. This attitude of Trump influenced also the stock exchanges of the two countries as well as the trade relations of the two major economies. While our study provides information about the US-China trade wars, it empirically tested the relationship of this war with the stock markets of both countries. The relationship between exports made mutually by the USA and China and the stock exchange is analyzed using the Engle-Granger cointegration method. In this study, which was used monthly data for the period 2016–2019, a long-term relationship between exports and stock market is detected for both countries. Considering the global economy within the framework of this relationship, it is seen important that the two countries withdraw commercial wars and go for an agreement. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.},
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W., Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing (1987) Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 55, pp. 251-276; Ersin, İ., İhracata Dayalı Büyüme Hipotezinin Test Edilmesi: MINT Ülkeleri Örneği (2018) Ekonomi İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1 (1), pp. 26-38; Ersin, İ., Karakeçe, E., Analysis of the effects of macroeconomic factors on entrepreneurship: An application on E7 countries (2020) Handbook of research on decision-making techniques in financial marketing, pp. 412-428. , H. Dinçer & S. Yüksel (Eds), –). Hershey, PA: IGI Global; Ertürk, N., Ticaret Savaşları ve Dünya Ekonomisine Etkileri (2017) Fiscaoeconomia, 1 (2), pp. 88-112; (2020) The General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC), , http://english.customs.gov.cn/about/annualReports/adresindenalındı, GACC. (January 25). Tarihinde the general Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China website; Gün, M., The co-movement of credit default swaps and stock markets in emerging economies (2018) Fınance & Econometrıcs, 55. , https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2000057; Gün, M., Cointegration between carbon emission, economic growth, and energy consumption: A comparative study on Georgia and Turkey (2019) International Journal of Economic & Administrative Studies, 22. , https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.397486; Guo, H., Liu, Z. Y., A study of consumers’ purchasing intention for national brands in the context of Sino-US trade war-take China Huawei Company as an exle (2019) Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information, 24 (9), pp. 127-134; He, R., Zhu, D., Chen, X., Cao, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, X., How the trade barrier changes environmental costs of agricultural production: An implication derived from China’s demand for soybean caused by the US-China trade war (2019) Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, pp. 578-588; Huang, Y., Lin, C., Liu, S., Tang, H., (2018) Trade linkages and firm value: Evidence from the 2018 US–China trade war, , SSRN 3227972; (2011) China foreign policy and government guide, 1. , IBP. Washington, DC: International Business; Ibrahim, S. G., Benjamin, M. U., Us-Chına trade war: Makıng Amerıca great again or a symbolic decline of an Empıre? (2019) African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2 (2), pp. 39-55; (2019) World economic outlook database, , IMF. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund; Kalkavan, H., Ersin, I., Determination of factors affecting the South East Asian crisis of 1997 probit-logit panel regression: The South East Asian crisis (2019) Handbook of research on global issues in financial communication and investment decision making, pp. 148-167. , H. Dinçer & S. Yuksel (Eds), –). Hershey, PA: IGI Global; Kaya, M., ABD-Çin Ticaret Savaşları ve Türkiye (2019) Türkiye Mesleki ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2, pp. 18-30; Kızıltan, A., Tek Kutuplu Bir Dünyada Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin “Süpergüç” Olabilirliği (2004) C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5 (1), pp. 45-66; Külünk, İ., Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Karbon Salınımı İlişkisi: Engle-Granger Eşbütünleşme Analizi (1960–2013) (2018) Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16 (1), pp. 193-205; Kurum, M. E., Oktar, S., Zorunlu Karşılık Politikasının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği (2019) Ekonomi İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1 (3), pp. 186-204; Mallick, M. G., (2018) US-China trade war: Analyses of deeper nuances and wider implications, , New Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation; Mao, H., Görg, H., (2019) Friends like this: The impact of the US-China trade war on global value chains, , (KCG Working Paper 17). Kiel Centre for Globalization (KCG); Moosa, I. A., The Thucydides trap as an alternative explanation for the US–China trade war (2020) Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 12 (1), pp. 42-55. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0974910119896644; Özer, A. C., The effect of the US-China trade war on global trade (2020) International trade policies in the era of globalization, pp. 56-70. , A. Coskun Özer (Ed), –). Hershey, PA: IGI Global; Öztürk, S., Altınöz, B., The effect of US-Chına trade wars on Shanghaı stock exchange Composıte index (2019) Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21 (1), pp. 59-69; Öztürk, S., Altınöz, B., The effect of US-China trade wars on Shanghai stock exchange composite index (2019) KOCATEPEİİBF Dergisi, 21 (1), pp. 59-69; Pangestu, M., China–US trade war: An Indonesian perspective (2019) China Economic Journal, 12 (2), pp. 208-230; Rassekh, F., Comparative advantage in Smith’s wealth of nations and Ricardo’s principles: A brief history of its early development (2015) History of Economic Ideas, 23 (1), pp. 59-75; Robinson, S., Thierfelder, K., (2019) US-China trade war: Both countries lose, world markets adjust, others gain, , PB19-17); Satoru, K., Toshitaka, G., Kenmei, T., Ikumo, I., Kazunobu, H., (2019) Economic impacts of the US-China trade war on the Asian economy: An applied analysis of IDE-GSM (No. 760), , IDE Discussion Paper; (2019) 2018 Ekonomik Raporu, , TOBB. Ankara: TOBB Yayınları; Waugh, M. E., (2019) The consumption response to trade shocks: Evidence from the US-China trade war, , w26353). National Bureau of Economic Research; (2020) World development report 2020: Trading for development in the age of global value chains, , Worldbank. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; Yıldırım, C., Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi ile Faiz Orani İlişkisinin Ekonometrik Bir İncelemesi (2016) Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2), pp. 431-445; Yılmaz, M., Divani, E., Trade wars, economic nationalism, neo mercantilism and Disfunctionality of the World Trade Organization (2018) İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1 (1), pp. 10-24; Yılmaz, S. S., Özdemir, M. G., Gencer, Ü., USA-China Trade Wars (2019) UBAK Uluslararası Bilimler Akademisi-Munzur 1. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, pp. 296-316. , Tunceli: UBAK Uluslararası Bilimler Akademisi; Yu, M., The status of China’s market economy and structural reforms: The issues behind the US–China trade war (2019) Asian Economic Papers, 18 (3), pp. 34-51; Zhang, G., Zhou, S., Xia, X., Yüksel, S., Baş, H., Dincer, H., Strategic mapping of youth unemployment with interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL based on 2-tuple linguistic values (2020) IEEE Access, 8, pp. 25706-25721},
correspondence_address1={Duran, S.; The School of Business, Turkey; email: sduran@medipol.edu.tr},
publisher={Springer},
issn={14311941},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Contrib. Manag. Sci.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Afontsev2020193,
author={Afontsev, S.A.},
title={Politics and economics of trade wars [Политика и экономика торговых войн]},
journal={Zhournal Novoi Ekonomicheskoi Associacii /Journal of the New Economic Association},
year={2020},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={193-198},
doi={10.31737/2221-2264-2020-45-1-9},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085393843&doi=10.31737%2f2221-2264-2020-45-1-9&partnerID=40&md5=900550cc5a84362ecaf164963715ac95},
affiliation={Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={In recent years, the global economy has faced sharp increases in trade barriers and find itself at the edge of the outbreak of trade wars. Risks associated with the escalation of trade barriers, however, seem to be not fully realized. In fact, they are likely to be much more serious than most experts tend to believe. And this has to do with the diversity of reasons inviting economic agents and political decision makers to support protectionist policies. The article addresses factors responsible for the rise in protectionist attitudes, their possible consequences for the global economy as well as key challenges they pose for the trade policy of the Russian Federation. © 2020 New Economic Association. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic sanctions;  Political economy of trade policy;  Political pragmatism;  Populism;  Protectionism;  The New Green Deal;  Trade wars},
references={Afontsev, S., Sanctions and international institutions: How to reduce sanction risks for Russia? (2019) International Organisations Research Journal, 14 (3), pp. 46-68. , Афонцев С.А. (2019). Санкции и международные институты: перспективы снижения санкционных рисков для России // Вестник международных организаций. Т. 14 (3). С. 48–68; Isachenko, T.M., Medvedkova, I.A., Modern problems of negotiations in the WTO (2019) International Economic Relations: Realities, Challenges and Prospects, pp. 362-371. , Исаченко Т.М., Медведкова И.А. (2019). Современные проблемы переговоров в ВТО. Международные экономические отношения: реалии, вызовы и перспективы. М.: МГИМО-Университет, 362‒371 Moscow: MGIMO-Universitet; Portanskiy, A., The imperative of WTO reform in an era of rising protectionism and trade wars (2019) International Organisations Research Journal, 14 (2), pp. 238-251. , Портанский А.П. (2019). Императив реформирования ВТО в эпоху роста протекционизма и торговых войн // Вестник международных организаций. Т. 14 (2). С. 304–318 Russian; Timofeev, I., Europe under fire from US secondary sanctions (2019) Valdai Club’S Special Report for SPIEF-2019, , Тимофеев И. (2019). Европа под огнем вторичных санкций США. Специальный доклад Международного дискуссионного клуба «Валдай» для Петербургского международного экономического форума. Июнь 2019 June 2019 (in Russian; Albertazzi, D., McDonnell, D., (2008) Twenty-First Century Populism, , eds New York: Palgrave MacMillan; Bekkers, E., Teh, R., Potential economic effects of a global trade conflict. (2019) Projecting the Medium-Run Effects with the WTO Global Trade Model, , WTO Staff Working Paper ERSD-2019-04; (2019) The European Green Deal. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, , European Commission Brussels, 11.12.2019; Gould, D.M., Woolbridge, G.L., The political economy of retaliation, liberalization and trade war (1998) European Journal of Political Economy, 14 (1), pp. 115-137; Grossman, G.M., Helpman, E., Trade wars and trade talks (1995) Journal of Political Economy, 103 (4), pp. 675-708; Hanke, S.H., U.S.–Japanese trade: Yes, Blame America First (1987) The National Interest, 10, pp. 56-60. , 1988; Heydon, K., (2019) The Political Economy of International Trade, , Cambridge: Polity; Kaempfer, W.H., Lowenberg, A.D., The political economy of economic sanctions (2007) Handbook of Defense Economics, pp. 868-911. , T. Sandler, K. Hartley (eds.). New York: Elsevier; Langdon, F., Japan–United States trade friction: The reciprocity issue (1983) Asian Survey, 23 (5), pp. 653-666; Martin, L.L., (2015) The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade, , ed Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mudde, C., Kaltwasser, C.R., (2017) Populism: A Very Short Introduction, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ossa, R., Trade wars and trade talks with data (2014) American Economic Review, 104 (12), pp. 4104-4146; Tobin, J., On living and trading with Japan: United States commercial and macroeconomic policies (1991) Business Economics, 26 (1), pp. 5-16; The Global Risks Report 2020, , WEF 2020. Geneva: World Economic Forum; Overview of developments in the international trading environment (2019) Annual Report of the Director-General, , WTO Mid-October 2018 to Mid-October 2019). Geneva: WTO},
correspondence_address1={Afontsev, S.A.; Institute of World Economy and International RelationsRussian Federation},
publisher={New Economic Association},
issn={22212264},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Z. Nov. Ekon. Assoc. J. Econ. Assoc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cabo2020,
author={Cabo, M. and Fernandes, E. and Alonso, P. and Pacheco, R.R. and Fagundes, F.},
title={Energy effectiveness of jet fuel utilization in brazilian air transport},
journal={Sustainability (Switzerland)},
year={2020},
volume={12},
number={1},
doi={10.3390/su12010303},
art_number={303},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083452759&doi=10.3390%2fsu12010303&partnerID=40&md5=74c948492116ee90e9d7415cfd6c37d3},
affiliation={IBGE Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Av. República do Chile 500-Centro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20031-170, Brazil; COPPE Production and Transport Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550-Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-901, Brazil; Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, UERJ Rio de Janeiro State University, R. São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20550-000, Brazil},
abstract={Since World War I, the commercial aviation industry has seen many improvements that now allow people and goods to reach the other side of the world in a few hours, consuming much less fuel than in recent decades. Improvements in cargo capacity and energy efficiency were significant, and in this scenario, commercial airlines were able to thrive and bring great benefits to the world economy. However, this sector is facing environmental challenges due to the intensive use of jet fuel. Brazil is one of the largest domestic air passenger markets in the world and still has great growth potential, considering its economic potential and territorial dimensions, which are roughly the same size as the US and twice the size of the European Union. This paper discusses the partial productivity of jet fuel in Brazilian domestic aviation and proposes an econometric method to support public regulators and airline decisions. The proposed model uses variables, such as aircraft size, route characteristics, and idle flight capacity, in a panel data analysis. The results show that reducing idle capacity is one of the best ways to achieve better short-term fuel efficiency, and therefore will reduce the environmental impacts and have positive economic effects on commercial air transport activities. This paper brings a new approach to the discussion of airline performance, focusing on the use of jet fuel, with economic and environmental consequences. © 2019 by the authors.},
author_keywords={Air transport;  Brazil;  Idle capacity;  Jet fuel productivity},
keywords={air transportation;  aircraft;  cargo;  economic conditions;  European Union;  global economy;  market conditions, Brazil;  United States},
references={Fernandes, E., Pacheco, R.R., (2016) Transporte Aéreo no Brasil: Uma Visão deMercado, , Elsevier: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Doganis, R., (2009) Flying Off Course: Airline Economics and Marketing, , Routledge: London, UK; Schnell, M.C., Why Do Firms Keep Excess Capacity? Testing Hypotheses in the Airline Industry (2005) Int. J. Transp. Econ. Riv., 32, pp. 305-321; Givoni, M., Rietveld, P., Choice of Aircraft Size-Explanations and Implications (2006) In Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper TI 2006-113/3, pp. 1-18. , Tinbergen Institute: Amsterdam The Netherlands; Daley, B., (2016) Air Transport and the Environment, , Routledge: New York, NY, USA; Global Passenger Traffic Will Top 12 Billion by 2031, , Aci.aero/news/2012/10/25/aci-releases-its-global-traffic-forecast-2012-2031-globalpassenger-traffic-will-top-12-billion-by-2031/, Available online (accessed on 25 November 2019); Dessens, O., Köhler, M.O., Rogers, H.L., Jones, R.L., Pyle, J.A., Aviation and Climate Change (2014) Transp. Policy, 34, pp. 14-20; Simões, A.F., Schaeffer, R., The Brazilian Air Transportation Sector in the Context of Global Climate Change: CO2 Emissions and Mitigation Alternatives (2005) Energy Convers. Manag., 46, pp. 501-513; Chèze, B., Gastineau, P., Chevallier, J., Forecasting World and Regional Aviation Jet Fuel Demands to the Mid-Term (2025) (2011) Energy Policy, 39, pp. 5147-5158; O'Kelly, M.E., Fuel Burn and Environmental Implications of Airline Hub Networks (2012) Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 17, pp. 555-567; Chang, Y.T., Park, H., Jeong, J., Lee, J., Evaluating Economic and Environmental Efficiency of Global Airlines: A SBM-DEA Approach (2014) Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 27, pp. 46-50; Park, Y., O'Kelly, M.E., Fuel Burn Rates of Commercial Passenger Aircraft: Variations by Seat Configuration and Stage Distance (2014) J. Transp. Geogr., 41, pp. 137-147; Zou, B., Elke, M., Hansen, M., Kafle, N., Evaluating Air Carrier Fuel Efficiency in the US Airline Industry (2014) Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., 59, pp. 306-330; González, R., Hosoda, E.B., Environmental Impact of Aircraft Emissions and Aviation Fuel Tax in Japan (2016) J. Air Transp. Manag., 57, pp. 234-240; Cui, Q., Wei, Y.M., Li, Y., Exploring the Impacts of the EU ETS Emission Limits on Airline Performance via the Dynamic Environmental DEA Approach (2016) Appl. Energy, 183, pp. 984-994; Cui, Q., Li, Y., Airline Efficiency Measures Using a Dynamic Epsilon-Based Measure Model (2017) Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., 100, pp. 121-134; Zou, G., Chau, K.W., Long-and Short-Run Effects of Fuel Prices on Freight Transportation Volumes in Shanghai (2019) Sustainability, 11, p. 5017; Twisk, J.W., (2013) Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology: A Practical Guide, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; Frees, E.W., (2004) Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; Hsiao, C., (2014) Analysis of Panel Data, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; (2019) Eviews 11 User's Guide II-Instrumental Variables, pp. 1038-1040. , Eviews 11, Ed.; IHS Global Inc.: London, UK; Doganis, R., (1992) The Airport Business, , 1st ed. Routledge: London, UK; de Neufville, R., (1976) Airport Systems Planning, , MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA; Li, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, D., Environmental Kuznets Curve in China: NewEvidence fromDynamic Panel Analysis (2016) Energy Policy, 91, pp. 138-147; Azam, M., Does Environmental Degradation Shackle Economic Growth? A Panel Data Investigation on 11 Asian Countries (2016) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 65, pp. 175-182; Wang, S., Fang, C., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Ma, H., Quantifying the Relationship between Urban Development Intensity and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Using a Panel Data Analysis (2015) Ecol. Indic., 49, pp. 121-131; Kasman, A., Duman, Y.S., CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Trade and Urbanization in New EU Member and Candidate Countries: A Panel Data Analysis (2015) Econ. Model., 44, pp. 97-103; Park, Y., O'Kelly, M.E., Examination of Cost-Efficient Aircraft Fleets Using Empirical Operation Data in US Aviation Markets (2018) J. Air Transp. Manag., 69, pp. 224-234; Brueckner, J.K., Abreu, C., Airline Fuel Usage and Carbon Emissions: Determining Factors (2017) J. Air Transp. Manag., 62, pp. 10-17},
correspondence_address1={Cabo, M.; IBGE Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Av. República do Chile 500-Centro, Brazil; email: mcabo@impa.br},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20711050},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sustainability},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yakovlev20205,
author={Yakovlev, P.P.},
title={Risks of a global recession in the face of globalization crisis},
journal={World Economy and International Relations},
year={2020},
volume={64},
number={2},
pages={5-14},
doi={10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-2-5-14},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082108286&doi=10.20542%2f0131-2227-2020-64-2-5-14&partnerID=40&md5=ac714769747dd5c6ae31cb93db03e7f2},
affiliation={Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ILA RAN), 21/16, Bol’shaya Ordynka Str., Moscow, 115035, Russian Federation; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36, Stremyannyi Per., Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation},
abstract={Today, a decade after the 2008–2009 global crisis, the outlook for the global economy is still uncertain, as not all the economic wounds left by the crisis have been fully delayed, and its effects continue to have a profound and far-reaching impact on the world economic system. It is also obvious that under the influence of current scientific and technological changes and in the context of shifts in the international strategic balance of power, the global trade and economic architecture is significantly transformed. The process of globalization, which has defined the vector of world development in recent decades, is changing. The key question is in what directions, at what pace and with what risks the transformational trends that have already begun will develop, and what will they bring to the international community. In this regard, many experts representing prestigious supranational organizations and leading Think Tanks express reasonable concerns on the imminent onset of a global recession, which could develop into a new global crisis. There is no need to prove the pernicious nature of development under such a scenario, so preventing such a course of events and neutralizing emerging risks is one of the most important strategic objectives of the international agenda. In other words, according to the author, the aim of the international community should be to coordinate and synchronize actions aimed at neutralizing all sorts of negative trends of recent times that undermine the sustainability of the global economy and world trade, which ultimately generates more and more geopolitical threats. It is critical that joint efforts must be taken to close the cracks in the system of international economic relations. © 2020, Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Financial instability;  The consequences of global crisis;  The slowdown in global growth;  The threat of recession;  Trade wars},
references={Georgieva, K., (2019) IMF Managing Director, , https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/10/03/sp100819-AMs2019-Curtain-Raiser, Decelerating Growth Calls for Accelerating Action. 08.10.2019; Dynkin, A., (2018) The World of 2035, , Global Outlook. Moscow, Magister, 304 p; (2019) Billionaire Hedge Fund Manager Ray Dalio Says Global Economy Faces ‘Scary Situation’. 29.10, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2019-10-29/dalio-says-global-economy-faces-scary-situation-video, Available at, accessed 30.10.2019; Friedman, T., (2005) The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, p. 439. , New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux; James, H., The New Backlash against Globalization, , https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/new-backlash-against-globalization-by-harold-james-2016-06?barrier=accesspaylog, accessed 29.10.2019; Taleb, N., (2007) The Black Swan: The Impact of The Highly Improbable, , New York, Random House, 400 p; Zibert, K., Effekt, K., Kak mozhno izbezhat’ zabluzhdenii v ekonomicheskoi politike (2003) [The Cobra Effect. How to Avoid Misconceptions in Economic Policy], p. 244. , S.-Peterburg, SPbGUJeF,, p.]; Posen, A.S., The Future of the Global Economy: Integration Or Fragmentation?, , https://www.piie.com/commentary/speeches-papers/future-global-economy-integration-or-fragmentation, Available at: , accessed 28.10.2019; Yákovlev, P., Rusia y España: De la Asociación estratégica al Partenariado para la modernización (2011) Iberoamérica, (2), pp. 47-67. , №; Pisani-Ferry, J., Adiós a la econonía plana El Economista, , https://qoshe.com/eleconomista/jean-pisani-ferry/adi-s-a-la-econom-a-plana/46921207, Madrid, 17.08.2019; Piketty, T., (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century, p. 685. , Cambridge, London, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Georgieva, K., Opening Remarks for Annual Meetings Press Conference., , https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/10/17/sp101719-opening-remarks-for-annual-meetings-press-conference, 17.10.2019. Available at: , accessed 21.10.2019; (2019) World Economic Outlook, October 2019: Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers., p. 187. , Washington, World Bank; Yakovlev, P.P., (2017) Effekt Trampa Ili Konets Globalizatsii?, p. 144. , [Trump Effect or the End of Globalization?] Moscow, RUSAJNS; Allison, G., (2017) Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? New York, p. 452. , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; https://www.goconqr.com/mindmap/13418396/medidas-proteccionistas-a-nivel-global, (accessed 27.10.2019); Mikheev, V.V., Lukonin, S.A., Kitai–Ssh, A., Mnogovektornost’ “torgovoi voiny” [China–USA: Multi-vector “Trade War”] (2019) Mirovaya Ekonomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 63 (5), pp. 57-66; Brown, C.P., Us-China Trade War: The Guns of August., , https://www.piie.com/blogs/trade-and-investment-policy-watch/us-china-trade-war-guns-august, 20.09.2019. Available at:, accessed 19.10.2019; Jaramillo, C., El 43% de los gestores cree que la Guerra comercial no se resolverá nunca (2019) El Economista, , https://www.eleconomista.es/mercados-cotizaciones/noticias/10140562/10/19/El-43-de-los-inversores-cree-que-la-guerra-comercial-no-se-resolvera-nunca.html, 16.10., (accessed 19.10.2019); Working Paper, I.M.F., The Long Shadow of the Global Financial Crisis: Public Interventions in the Financial Sector., , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/07/30/The-Long-Shadow-of-the-Global-Financial-Crisis-Public-Interventions-in-the-Financial-Sector-48518, 30.07.2019., Available at, accessed 19.10.2019; Khudyakova, L.S., Reforma global›nykh finansov v kontekste ustoichivogo razvitiya [Reform of Global Finance in the Context of Sustainable Development] (2018) Mirovaya Ekonomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 62 (7), pp. 38-47. , 10.20542/0131-2227-2018-62-7-38-47; Georgieva, K., (2019) IMF Managing Director, , https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/10/03/sp100819-AMs2019-Curtain-Raiser, Decelerating Growth Calls for Accelerating Action. 08.10.2019; (2016) Elements of Effective Macroprudential Policies, , https://www.bis.org/publ/othp26.pdf, Lessons from International Experience; (2019) The IMF’s Annual Macroprudential Policy Survey, , https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/04/30/pp043018-imf-annual-macroprudential-policy-survey, Objectives, Design, and Country Responses. 30.04.2018; Afontsev, S., (2019) A. Novye Tendentsii V Razvitii Mirovoi Ekonomiki [New Trends in the Development of World Economy], 63 (5), pp. 36-46. , Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya; (2019) Remarks by President Trump in Working Lunch with Governors on Workforce Freedom and Mobility. 13.06.2019, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-working-lunch-governors-workforce-freedom-mobility/(accessed18.10; Milbank, D., The Trump Economy House of Cards Collapses (2019) The Washington Post; Milbank, D., It Was Never about ‘America First’. It’s Always Been Trump First (2019) The Washington Post, 4 (10); Ortega, A., (2019) Trump First, America Less, , https://blog.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/trump-first-america-less/; (2019) Five Takeaways from Germany’s Economic Outlook, , https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/07/09/na07092019-five-takeaways-from-germanys-economic-outlook, accessed 12.10.2019; Bóhme, H., ¿Se Termina El éxito económico De Alemania? 18 De Julio De 2019, , https://www.americaeconomia.com/analisis-opinion/se-termina-el-exito-economico-de-alemania, Available at, accessed 19.10.2019; Bradsher, K., China’s Economic Growth Slows as Challenges Mount (2019) The New York Times, 17, p. 10; Zagashvili, V.S., WTO Stagnation as a Manifestation of the Globalisation Crisis (2019) Mirovaya Ekonomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 63 (6), pp. 5-12; World Trade Report 2018: The Future of World Trade How Digital Technologies are Transforming Global Commerce, , https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/wtr18_e.htm},
correspondence_address1={Yakovlev, P.P.; Institute of Latin American Studies, 21/16, Bol’shaya Ordynka Str., Russian Federation; email: petrp.yakovlev@yandex.ru},
publisher={Russian Academy of Sciences},
issn={01312227},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={World Economy Int. Relat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yono2020125,
author={Yono, K. and Izumi, K. and Sakaji, H. and Shimada, T. and Matsushima, H.},
title={Measuring the Macroeconomic Uncertainty Based on the News Text by Supervised LDA for Investor’s Decision Making},
journal={Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
year={2020},
volume={1009 AISC},
pages={125-133},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-38227-8_15},
note={cited By 1; Conference of International Conference on Decision Economics, DECON 2019 ; Conference Date: 26 June 2019 Through 28 June 2019;  Conference Code:237219},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080901863&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-38227-8_15&partnerID=40&md5=a4b4c7e028c1cf3c7eb8e7050886ffcc},
affiliation={School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={The uncertainty in the financial market, whether US—China trade war will slow down global economy or not, Federal Reserve Board (FRB) policy to increase the interest rates, or other similar macroeconomic events can have a crucial impact on the purchase or sale of financial assets. In this study, we aim to build a model for measuring the macroeconomic uncertainty based on the news text. Further, we proposed an extended topic model which uses not only news text data but also numeric data as a supervised signal for each news article. Subsequently, we used our proposed model to construct four macroeconomic uncertainty indices. All these indices were similar to those observed in the historical macroeconomic events, and the correlation was higher with the volatility of the market index with respect to the uncertainty index. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.},
author_keywords={Economic policy;  Text mining;  Topic model;  Uncertainty},
keywords={Commerce;  Decision making;  Investments, Economic policies;  Federal Reserve;  Financial assets;  Global economies;  Interest rates;  News articles;  Topic Modeling;  Uncertainty, Text mining},
references={Arbatli, E.C., Davis, S.J., Ito, A., Miake, N., Saito, I., Policy Uncertainty in Japan, , Working Paper 23411, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2017; Azqueta-Gavaldón, A., Developing news-based economic policy uncertainty index with unsupervised machine learning (2017) Econ. Lett., 158, pp. 47-50; Bachmann, R., Elstner, S., Sims, E.R., Uncertainty and economic activity (2013) Am. Econ. J., 5 (2), pp. 217-249; Baker, S.R., Bloom, N., Davis, S.J., Measuring economic policy uncertainty (2016) Q. J. Econ., 131 (4), pp. 1593-1636; Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I., Latent Dirichlet allocation (2003) J. Mach. Learn. Res, 3 (Jan), pp. 993-1022; Brogaard, J., Detzel, A., The asset-pricing implications of government economic policy uncertainty (2015) Manag. Sci., 61 (1), pp. 3-18; Castelnuovo, E., Tran, T.D., Google it up! a Google trends-based uncertainty index for the United States and Australia (2017) Econ. Lett., 161, pp. 149-153; Chuliá, H., Guillén, M., Uribe, J.M., Measuring uncertainty in the stock market (2017) Int. Rev. Econ. Financ., 48, pp. 18-33; Hamid, A., Forecasting volatility with empirical similarity and Google trends (2015) J. Econ. Behav. Organ., 117, pp. 62-81; Manela, A., Moreira, A., News implied volatility and disaster concerns (2017) J. Financ. Econ., 123 (1), pp. 137-162; McAuliffe, J.D., Blei, D.M., Supervised topic models (2008) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 121-128. , pp; Saltzman, B., Yung, J., A machine learning approach to identifying different types of uncertainty (2018) Econ. Lett., 171, pp. 58-62},
correspondence_address1={Yono, K.; School of Engineering, Japan; email: d2016kyono@socsim.org},
editor={Bucciarelli E., Chen S.-H., Corchado J.M.},
publisher={Springer},
issn={21945357},
isbn={9783030382261},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Intell. Sys. Comput.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cheng2020382,
author={Cheng, S. and Gao, Y. and Li, X. and Hu, S.},
title={An analysis on the weibo topic “US-China trade war” based on K-means algorithm},
journal={Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
year={2020},
volume={1037},
pages={382-390},
doi={10.1007/978-3-030-29516-5_30},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Intelligent Systems Conference, IntelliSys 2019 ; Conference Date: 5 September 2019 Through 6 September 2019;  Conference Code:231009},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072829197&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-29516-5_30&partnerID=40&md5=92f30d3054b2cfc7901af2bde642352f},
affiliation={PLA Academy of Military Science, Beijing, 100091, China; University of Electrical Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan  610054, China; State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China},
abstract={On 22 March 2018, the United States and China started a trade war which sparked a heated discussion about its impact on global economy and trade. This paper uses web crawler to collect Weibo blogs about this trade war, extracts the main content of these blogs with natural language processing methods and tools, clusters similar blogs by K-Means algorithm, analyzes the topics in these blogs and provides a reference for predicting the future of this trade war. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.},
author_keywords={K-Means;  Topic analysis;  Trade war;  Weibo},
keywords={Blogs;  Commerce;  Intelligent systems;  Natural language processing systems;  Social networking (online);  Web crawler, Global economies;  K-means;  NAtural language processing;  Topic analysis;  Weibo, K-means clustering},
funding_details={2016YFE0123200},
funding_details={6142105040103},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61471100/61571082/61701503},
funding_text 1={The work of Su Hu was jointly supported by the MOST Program of International S&T Cooperation (Grant No. 2016YFE0123200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61471100/61571082/61701503), and Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory (Grant No. 6142105040103). The author would also like to thank all the reviewers, their suggestions help improve the work a lot.},
references={Wikipedia 2018 China–United States Trade War, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war; Sina Weibo Trade War, , https://s.Weibo.com/Weibo/%25E8%25B4%25B8%25E6%2598%2593%25E6%2588%2598?topnav=1&wvr=6&b=1; Weixin Trade War, , http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?p=01030402&query=%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E6%88%98&type=2&ie=utf8; Luo, Q., Causes, effects and countermeasures of US-China trade war (2018) J. Xingtai Polytech. Coll., 35 (6), pp. 86-90; Xiaoxuan, W., Analysis on the causes and countermeasures of US-China trade war (2019) North. Econ. Trade, 2, pp. 10-14; Chen, Y., Influence of US-China trade war on forest products trade and its countermeasures (2019) Issues For. Econ., 39 (1), pp. 1-6; Bai, Y., Influence of US-China trade war on China’s soybean import trade and countermeasures (2019) North. Econ. Trade, 1, pp. 33-39; Shiva Shankar, R., An approach for extracting tweets from social media factors (2018) 2018 IEEE International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCA), pp. 1-7. , pp., IEEE, Pondicherry; Metre, V.A., Hierarchical document clustering based on cosine similarity measure (2017) 2017 1St International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Information Management (ICISIM), pp. 153-159. , pp., IEEE, Aurangabad; Pandey, N., Density based clustering for cricket world cup tweets using cosine similarity and time parameter (2015) 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), pp. 1-6. , pp., IEEE, New Delhi; Weibo API Search/Topics, , http://open.weibo.com/wiki/2/search/topics; Cui, X., Lu, X., The third-party applications development based on social network open platform (2014) 2014 Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications, pp. 1100-1103. , pp., IEEE, Hunan; Qingcai, C., (2018) Web Crawler Development Practice, , Posts & Telecom Press, Beijing; Github Jieba, , https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba; Dan, T., Ningchao, B., Xuan, F., (2018) The Theory and Practice of Natural Language Processing, , Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing; Github Wordcloud, , https://github.com/amueller/word_cloud; Ming, T., Xiang, L., Shuchun, L., (2018) Natural Language Processing Core Technology and Algorithm with Python, , China Machine Press, Beijing; Scikit Learn PCA, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.decomposition.PCA.html; Tan, P.-N., Steinbach, M., Kumar, V., (2018) Introduction to Data Mining, , Posts & Telecom Press, Beijing},
correspondence_address1={Gao, Y.; State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, China; email: yuangao08@tsinghua.edu.cn},
editor={Bi Y., Bhatia R., Kapoor S.},
publisher={Springer Verlag},
issn={21945357},
isbn={9783030295158},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Intell. Sys. Comput.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Meshcheryakova2019,
author={Meshcheryakova, T.},
title={Strategic prospects for the development of world energy},
journal={E3S Web of Conferences},
year={2019},
volume={135},
doi={10.1051/e3sconf/201913504050},
art_number={04050},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2019 Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education, ITESE 2019 ; Conference Date: 9 September 2019 Through 14 September 2019;  Conference Code:155455},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076574518&doi=10.1051%2fe3sconf%2f201913504050&partnerID=40&md5=ec7966d47b390f5ad2f75b0ee1153d19},
affiliation={Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation},
abstract={Oil is one of the key primary energy resources in the global fuel and energy balance, and experts predict that it will remain so until 2040. However, right now the oil industry is undergoing a period of structural changes. On the one hand, the instability of the world economy, as well as inter-country conflicts, the policy of trade wars and sanctions create excessive volatility in the commodity and financial oil markets. On the other hand, the development of renewable energy, the hydrogen economy and the gas fuel market, as well as increasing environmental requirements, pose a new challenge to the oil market. All these issues determine the key aspects of the energy complex, the system analysis and management of which should be focused on the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the global economy. The article provides an assessment of the prospects for the development of global energy, taking into account the above trends. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2019.},
keywords={Commerce;  Energy resources;  Environmental technology;  Fuel economy;  Hydrogen fuels;  Petroleum prospecting;  Sustainable development, Environmental requirement;  Global economies;  Hydrogen economy;  Oil industries;  Primary energy resources;  Renewable energies;  World economy;  World energies, Oil field development},
references={(2018) Energy Outlook: 2019 Edition, , BP, BP p.l.c., London; Ganebnykh, E., Mottaeva, A., Larinina, T., Petrova, E., (2018) MATEC Web of Conferences, 170, p. 01044; Locmelis, K., Blumberga, D., Bariss, U., (2018) Energy Procedia, 147, pp. 202-206; Bertoldi, P., Diluiso, F., Castellazzi, L., Labanca, N., Serrenho, T., (2018) Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency Trends in the EU-28 2000-2015, , Publications Office of the European Union, Italy; Potekhin, I., Mischenko, V., Mottaeva, A., Zheltenkov, A., (2018) E3S Web of Conferences, 33, p. 03020; (2018) Trends and Drivers in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the EU in 2016, , EEA, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen; Zhikun, D., Ze, F., Tam, V.W.Y., Yu, B., Shenghan, L., Illankoon, I.M.C.S., Sungkon, M., (2018) Building and Environment, 133, pp. 32-40; Bowen, A., Kuralbayeva, K., Tipoec, E.L., (2018) Energy Economics, 72, pp. 263-275. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.03.015; Pelser, W.A., Vosloo, J.C., Mathews, M.J., (2018) Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, pp. 642-653; Ridauraa, G., Llorens-Cerveraa, S., Carrilloc, C., Buj-Corral, I., Riba-Romevaa, C., (2018) Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 131, pp. 75-85},
correspondence_address1={Meshcheryakova, T.; Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Russian Federation; email: meshcheryakovats@mgsu.ru},
editor={Rudoy D., Murgul V.},
publisher={EDP Sciences},
issn={25550403},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={E3S Web Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nidhiprabha2019166,
author={Nidhiprabha, B.},
title={Impacts of the U.S.–China trade war on asean: Case of Thailand},
journal={Asian Economic Papers},
year={2019},
volume={18},
number={3},
pages={166-188},
doi={10.1162/asep_a_00737},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090462519&doi=10.1162%2fasep_a_00737&partnerID=40&md5=5dca1a7d31ba193557a2e966eaca0a66},
affiliation={Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, 2 Prachan Road, Bangkok, 10200, Thailand},
abstract={With nearly a year of trade dispute between the United States and China, it has become apparent that the global economy will slow down, and this will have a direct impact on world trade. We adopt a vector autoregressive model to examine the impact of the U.S.–China trade war on the Thai economy. The results indicate that Thailand’s output and expor ts to key markets are adversely affected by the escalating trade dispute. The slowdown in the Chinese economy will also put fur ther downward pressure on world commodity prices, which in turn will reduce Thailand’s expor ts. © 2019 by the Asian Economic Panel and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.},
references={Amiti, Mary, Redding, Stephen J., Weinstein, David, (2019) The Impact of the 2018 Trade War on U.S. Prices and Welfare, , Center for Economic Policy Research, International Trade, and Regional Economics Discussion Paper DP13564; Fajgelbaum, Pablo D., Goldberg, Pinelopi K., Kennedy, Patrick J., Khandelwal, Amit K., (2019) The Return to Protectionism, , NBER Working Paper No. 25638; Han, Liyan, Qi, Mengchao, Yin, Libo, Macroeconomic Policy Uncertainty Shocks on the Chinese Economy: A GVAR Analysis (2016) Applied Economics, 48 (51), pp. 4907-4921; Handley, Kyle, Limão, Nuno, Policy Uncertainty, Trade, and Welfare: Theory and Evidence for China and the United States (2017) American Economic Review, 107 (9), pp. 2731-2783; Li, Chunding, He, Chuantian, Lin, Chuangwei, Economic Impacts of the Possible China-U.S. Trade War (2018) Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54 (7), pp. 1557-1577; Nidhiprabha, Bhanupong, The Rise and Fall of Thailand’s Export-Oriented Industries (2017) Asian Economic Papers, 16 (3), pp. 128-150; Nidhiprabha, Bhanupong, (2018) Macroeconomic Policy for Emerging Markets: Lessons from Thailand, , London: Routledge; Rajah, Roland, (2019) East Asia’s Decoupling, , Lowy Institution Working Paper No. 1; Sznajderska, Anna, The Role of China in the World Economy: Evidence from a Global VAR Model (2019) Applied Economics, 51 (15), pp. 1574-1587; Woo, Wing Thye, Understanding the Sources of Friction in the U.S.–China Trade Relations: The Exchange Rate Debate Diverts Attention from the Optimum Adjustment (2008) Asian Economic Papers, 7 (3), pp. 61-95},
correspondence_address1={Nidhiprabha, B.; Faculty of Economics, 2 Prachan Road, Thailand; email: bhanupong@econ.tu.ac.th},
publisher={MIT Press Journals},
issn={15353516},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Econ. Pap.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sztulwark20193,
author={Sztulwark, S.},
title={The peripheral condition under new capitalism [La condición periférica en el nuevo capitalismo]},
journal={Problemas del Desarrollo},
year={2019},
volume={50},
number={199},
pages={3-24},
doi={10.22201/IIEC.20078951E.2020.200.68518},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084807911&doi=10.22201%2fIIEC.20078951E.2020.200.68518&partnerID=40&md5=5f404d0206fd9603243ac2c386399aa9},
affiliation={Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina},
abstract={Within the framework of Latin American post-war structuralism, the global economy was the grounds of antagonism between a central (industrialized) pole and the periphery (providers of primary goods). This paper argues that addressing the specific way this antagonism is reproduced in the historical conditions of new capitalism requires considering the emergence of a chain-shaped structural logic, which differentiates activities of knowledge creation from those of knowledge reproduction within distinct productive sectors. This chain logic does not challenge the concept of structure, in terms of a sectoral differentiation in post-war capitalist production, but rather imposes it as a dominant norm. © European Mathematical Society},
author_keywords={Center-periphery;  Latin America;  New capitalism;  Spaces of accumulation;  Structural logic},
references={Altenburg, T., Schmitz, H., Stamm, A., Breakthrough? China's and India's transition from production to innovation (2008) World Development, 36 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.011; Amsden, A., (1989) Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, , New York, Oxford University Press; Amsden, A., La sustitución de importaciones en las industrias de alta tecnología: Prebisch renace en Asia (2004) Revista De La CEPAL, 82. , núm. Santiago de Chile, CEPAL, abril; Arrighi, G., Silver, B., Capitalism and world (dis)order (2001) Empires, Systems and States: Great Transformations in International Politics, , y en M. Cox, T. Dunne y K. Booth eds, Cambridge y New York, Cambridge University Press; Bell, M., Pavitt, K., The development of technological capabilities (1995) Trade and International Competitiveness, , y en I. U. Haque ed, Washington, Banco Mundial; Bell, M., Pavitt, K., Albu, M., Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries (1999) World Development, 27 (9). , y y núm. Gran Bretaña, Elsevier Science, septiembre; Bocock, R., (1993) El Consumo, , Madrid, Talasa Ediciones; Breznitz, D., Murphree, M., (2011) Run of the Red Queen: Government, Innovation, Globalization, and Economic Growth in China, , y New Haven, Yale University Press; Castells, M., La era de la información (1999) Economía, Sociedad Y Cultura, 1. , La sociedad red”, Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI Editores; Cimoli, M., Porcile, G., Primi, A., Vergara, S., Cambio estructural, heterogeneidad productiva y tecnología en América Latina (2005) Heterogeneidad Estructural, Asimetrías Tecnológicas Y Crecimiento En América Latina, , y en M. 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correspondence_address1={Sztulwark, S.; Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), Argentina; email: sztulwark@campus.ungs.edu.ar},
publisher={Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico},
issn={03017036},
language={Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Problemas del Desarrollo},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Baumann20191165,
author={Baumann, H.},
title={The transformation of Saudi Arabia’s rentier state and ‘the international’},
journal={Globalizations},
year={2019},
volume={16},
number={7},
pages={1165-1183},
doi={10.1080/14747731.2019.1573870},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061059647&doi=10.1080%2f14747731.2019.1573870&partnerID=40&md5=01b31d50b601ac872625f659fd48d168},
affiliation={Department of Politics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom},
abstract={The Saudi state is conventionally characterized as a neo-patrimonial rentier state that emerged out of a combination of traditional domestic social structures and oil wealth. However, the conceptualization of the rentier state as endogenously generated based on ‘traditional’ society is an example of Eurocentric institutionalism. In this article, I draw on literature that has sought to ‘internationalise’ the East Asian developmental state concept to show that Saudi rentier state formation has historically always been ‘international’. Thus, while Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman claims that his current economic reforms are opening up Saudi Arabia’s rentier economy to globalization, the restructuring of the rentier state is only the latest episode in this process, which was shaped by the colonial era in the Gulf and the transformation of an American-dominated global economy since World War II. The ‘internationalisation’ of the rentier state concept thereby also holds wider lessons for other neo-Weberian statist concepts such as failed or weak states. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={developmental state;  Eurocentrism;  Middle East;  Rentier state;  Saudi Arabia;  South Korea},
funding_details={Leverhulme TrustLeverhulme Trust, ECF-2013-308},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship [grant number ECF-2013-308]. The author would like to thank Christian Henderson, Toby Matthiesen, and Roberto Roccu for their comments on earlier drafts of the article. Previous versions of this article were presented at the EISA European Workshops in International Studies (EWIS), Cardiff 2017, and the BISA International Political Economy Group (IPEG) conference, Liverpool 2017. The author would like to thank the participants of both workshops for their perceptive comments and suggestions, as well as the organizers: Clemens Hoffmann, Cemal Burak Tansel, and Daniela Tepe-Belfrage.},
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(2001) World Politics, 53 (3), pp. 325-361; Sabaratnam, M., Avatars of eurocentrism in the critique of the liberal peace (2013) Security Dialogue, 44 (3), pp. 259-278; Sachs, J., Warner, A., The big push, natural resource booms and growth (1999) Journal of Development Economics, 59 (1), pp. 43-76; Said, E., (1978) Orientalism, , New York, NY: Pantheon; Said, S., Hope, B., Scheck, J., (2017) Wall Street Journal, , https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-aramco-insiders-princes-2-trillion-ipo-valuation-doesnt-add-up-1493064170, April 25,For Aramco Insiders, Prince’s $2 Trillion IPO valuation doesn’t add up. Retrieved from; Saif, S., (2016), https://jacobinmag.com/2016/05/saudi-arabia-aramco-salman-mckinsey-privatization/, September 5,When consultants reign. Jacobin. Retrieved from; Sandbakken, C., The limits to democracy posed by oil rentier states: The cases of Algeria, Nigeria and Libya (2006) Democratization, 13 (1), pp. 135-152; Sassen, S., (2001) Global city: New York, London, Tokyo, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Schwarz, R., The political economy of state formation in the Arab Middle East: Rentier states, economic reform, and democratisation (2008) Review of International Political Economy, 15 (4), pp. 599-621; Selwyn, B., An historical materialist appraisal of Friedrich List and his modern-day followers (2009) New Political Economy, 14 (2), pp. 157-180; Shihabi, A., (2017) Why the Saudi “Purge” is not what it seems to be, , http://www.arabiafoundation.org/arabia-comment/why-the-saudi-purge-is-not-what-it-seems-to-be/, November 9,. Retrieved from; Smith, B., (2015) Market orientalism: Cultural economy and the Arab Gulf states, , Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press; Spiro, D., (1999) The hidden hand of American hegemony: Petrodollar recycling and international markets, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Strange, S., (1994) States and markets, , London: Continuum; Stubbs, R., War and economic development: Export-oriented industrialisation in East and Southeast Asia (1999) Comparative Politics, 31 (3), pp. 337-355; Stubbs, R., Whatever happened to the East Asian developmental state? The unfolding debate (2009) The Pacific Review, 22 (1), pp. 1-22; Swyngedouw, E., Moulaert, F., Rodriguez, A., Neoliberal urbanisation in Europe: Large-scale urban development projects and the new urban policy (2002) Antipode, 34 (3), pp. 542-577; Thurbon, E., Weiss, L., Investing in openness: The evolution of FDI strategy in South Korea and Taiwan (2006) New Political Economy, 11 (1), pp. 1-22; Vitalis, R., (2009) America's kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi oil frontier, , London: Verso; Wade, R., Industrial policy in East Asia: Does it lead or follow the market? (1990) Manufacturing miracles: Paths of industrialisation in Latin America and East Asia, pp. 231-266. , Gereffi G., Wyman D., (eds), Princeton: Princeton University Press, (Eds; Wade, R., Wheels within Wheels: Rethinking the Asian crisis and the Asian model (2000) Annual Review of Political Science, 3 (1), pp. 85-115; Waldman, P., (2016) Bloomberg Businessweek, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-04-21/the-2-trillion-project-to-get-saudi-arabia-s-economy-off-oil, April 21,The $2 trillion project to get Saudi Arabia’s economy off oil. Retrieved from; Weber, H., Is IPE just ‘boring’ or committed to problematic meta-theoretical assumptions? A critical engagement with the politics of method (2015) Contexto Internacional, 37 (3), pp. 913-944; Wiens, D., Poast, P., Roberts Clark, W., The political resource curse: An empirical re-evaluation (2014) Political Research Quarterly, 67, pp. 783-794; Zartman, W., (1995) Collapsed states: The disintegration and restoration of legitimate authority, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner},
correspondence_address1={Baumann, H.; Department of Politics, United Kingdom; email: Hannes.Baumann@liverpool.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={14747731},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Globalizations},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2019425,
author={Chen, G. and Zenglein, M.J.},
title={The global faces of China’s incomplete reforms: a perspective from China’s new intellectual property regime},
journal={Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies},
year={2019},
volume={17},
number={4},
pages={425-443},
doi={10.1080/14765284.2020.1712886},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078627020&doi=10.1080%2f14765284.2020.1712886&partnerID=40&md5=3db33fb2ccd5b30eb6d79d4aa5ef6ee6},
affiliation={Durham Law School, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Mercator Insititute for China Studies, Berlin, Germany},
abstract={The paper probes into an antithetical aspect of China’s economic reforms in the global context by focusing on the recent developments of China’s intellectual property regime. By analyzing this cutting-edge legal system, it highlights China’s political divergence against its economic convergence in its decade-long reforms, in particular, its state-oriented innovation system as against the world’s neo-liberal economic order. The last decade witnessed China’s preeminent transformation from a passive follower to a proactive advocator of IP standards. However, certain entrenched limits characterizing China’s state-oriented economy and cultural systems such as information blockade and coercive technology transfer serve as catalysts that are apt to provoke acrimonious confrontation between China and major economies. In this sense, China’s incomplete reforms have taken on a new form: as China’s influence on the global economy grows, conflicts of diverse national priorities become more palpable than simple-minded economic cooperation. © 2020, © 2020 The Chinese Economic Association–UK.},
author_keywords={China;  Chinese economy;  globalization;  intellectual property;  Sino-US trade war},
references={Alford, W.P., (1995) To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization, , Stanford University Press,. Stanford, California; Ang, Y., Autocracy with Chinese Characteristics: Beijing’s Behind-the-Scenes Reforms (2018) Foreign Affairs, 97 (3), pp. 39-48; Birdsall, N., Fukuyama, F., The Post-Washington Consensus: Development after the Crisis (2011) Foreign Affairs, 90 (2), pp. 45-53; Breslin, S., Reforming China’s Embedded Socialist Compromise: China and the WTO (2003) Global Change, Peace & Security, 15 (3), pp. 213-229; Bresser-Pereira, L.C., The Global Financial Crisis, Neoclassical Economics, and the Neoliberal Years of Capitalism (2010) Revue de la Régulation [En ligne, 7 | 1er semestre/Spring 2010. , 1-29; Chen, G., (2017) Copyright and International Negotiations: An Engine of Free Expression in China?, , Cambridge University Press, New York, NY; Croft, J., China Plays Catch-up with Europe and US in Patents Filing Race (2019) Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/8ecf7464-8d05-11e9-b8cb-26a9caa9d67b, July, 9; Faberberg, J., Srholec, M., National Innovation Systems, Capabilities and Economic Development (2007) TIK Working Paper on Innovation Studies 20071024, , University of Oslo; Fukuyama, F., The End of History (1989) The National Interest, pp. 3-18. , 16 (Summer 1989; Fukuyama, F., American Political Decay or Renewal? the Meaning of the 2016 Election (2016) Foreign Affairs, 95 (4), pp. 58-69; Ghodsee, K., (2017) Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism, , Duke University Press,. Durham and London; Glaeser, E., Porta, R.L., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., Do Institutions Cause Growth? (2004) Journal of Economic Growth, 9 (3), pp. 271-303; Hall, P., Soskice, D., (2001) Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, , Oxford University Press, and, eds.,. Oxford; Hayek, F., The Use of Knowledge in Society (1945) American Economic Review, 35 (4), pp. 519-530. , https://www-jstor-org.ezphost.dur.ac.uk/stable/1809376; Hollingsworth, R., Boyer, R., (1997) Contemporary Capitalism: The Embeddedness of Institutions, , Cambridge University Press, and, eds.,. Cambridge; Chinese Influence and American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance (2018) Report of the Working Group on Chinese Influence Activities in the United States, , Hoover Institution Press; Huang, T., Economic Theory Innovation and China’s Development Practice (2018) China Political Economy, 1 (1), pp. 55-66; Khan, B.Z., The Real History of Intellectual Property: What China Can Learn from America (2019) Foreign Affairs, , https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2019-01-07/real-history-intellectual-piracy, January, 7; Lin, J.Y., Industrial Policies for Avoiding the Middle-Income Trap: A Structural Economics Perspective (2017) Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 15 (1), pp. 5-18; Lipset, S.M., Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy (1959) The American Political Science Review, 53 (1), pp. 69-105; Noland, M., China and the International Economic System, Peterson Institute for International Economics (1995) Working Paper Series WP 95-96, , Peterson Institute for International Economics; (2019) 2019 Special 301 Report, p. 40. , https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2019_Special_301_Report.pdf, April; Rodrik, D., (2006) Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion?, , http://j.mp/2o4og7K, Harvard University; Rodrik, D., The Fatal Flaw of Neoliberalism: It’s Bad Economics (2017) Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/14/the-fatal-flaw-of-neoliberalism-its-bad-economics; Sachs, J.D., Woo, W.T., Understanding China’s Economic Performance (1997) NBER Working Paper No. 5935, , February; Stiglitz, J.E., The State and Economic Development: Some New Thinking (1997) The World Bank, , http://www.worldbank.org; Stiglitz, J.E., Challenging the Washington Consensus–An Interview with Lindsey Schoenfelder (2002) The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 9 (2), pp. 33-40. , Winter/Spring 2003; Sun, Y., China’s National Innovation System in Transition (2002) Eurasia Geography and Economics, 43 (6), pp. 476-492; Weede, E., Comparative Economic Development in China and Japan (2004) Japanese Journal of Political Science, 5 (1), pp. 69-90; Panel Report. China–Measures Affecting the Protection and Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (2009) WT/DS362/R, , January, 26; Communication from the Panel. China–Certain Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (2019) WT/DS542/R, , June, 14; Zenglein, M., Holzman, A., Evolving Made in China 2025: China’s Industrial Policy in the Quest for Global Tech Leadership (2019) MERICS Paper on China No. 8, , https://www.merics.org/en/papers-on-china/evolving-made-in-china-2025, July, 2; Zheng, J., The Fallacy of Washington Consensus and the Role of the Government: Interpreting Some Chinese Contributions to Development Policy from Aspects of Chang’e 4 (2019) Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 17 (2), pp. 103-122},
correspondence_address1={Chen, G.; Durham Law School, United Kingdom; email: ge.chen@durham.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={14765284},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Chin. Econ. Bus. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oramah2019401,
author={Oramah, B. and Dzene, R.},
title={Globalisation and the Recent Trade Wars: Linkages and Lessons},
journal={Global Policy},
year={2019},
volume={10},
number={3},
pages={401-404},
doi={10.1111/1758-5899.12707},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073187396&doi=10.1111%2f1758-5899.12707&partnerID=40&md5=87ff2ae8a98d609b0d84ebc190c719cd},
affiliation={African Export-Import Bank, Cairo, Egypt},
abstract={Anti-globalization sentiments have risen significantly in developed economies, impacting the outcome of national elections in the US and the BREXIT referendum in the United Kingdom. It has also led to tariff escalations and trade wars, especially between the US and China. These developments run contrary to the conventional wisdom that globalization has positively Impacted the global economy and that the distribution of gains has been in favor of developed economies. This paper argues that it is the incomplete implementation of the main pillars of globalization that has created rising discontent in developed countries. Conceived as the process of integration of goods, capital, technology and labor, globalization was premised on free movement of goods and factors of production within and across countries as well on the assumption that factors of production would be perfect substitutes everywhere. The paper posits that it is the immobility of labor across and within countries that has led to the globalization-induced dislocations in some developed economies. Across countries, artificial immigration barriers restrict labor movement while within countries, labor market rigidities and absence of perfect substitution in the labor market constrain the migration of labor from the declining to the booming sectors of the economy creating large income inequalities. Implications of the foregoing for the future of globalization and Africa’s export-led industrialization are presented. © 2019 University of Durham and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd},
references={(2011) US International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing, , https://www.bls.gov/fls/ichcc.htm, [Online]. Available from, [Accessed 29 November 2018]; Dinh, H.T., Monga, C., (2013) Light manufacturing in Tanzania: A reform agenda for job creation and prosperity, , https://doi.org/10.15695/978-14648-0032-0, Directions in Development., Washington DC, World Bank; Oramah, B.O., (2000) Globalisation: Impact on African Economies, , ’, Lecture Delivered at the Second Members’ Lectures Night of the African Diplomatic Club, Cairo, Egypt, 18 November 2000; Stiglitz, J.E., (2002) Globalisation and Its Discontents, , New York, W.W. Norton & Company; Stiglitz, J.E., (2017) Globalisation: Time to Look at Historic Mistakes to Plot the Future, , https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/dec/05/globalisation-time-look-at-past-plot-the-future-joseph-stiglitz, [Online]. Available from, [Accessed 29 November 2018]; (2011) World Investment Report, , Geneva, United Nations; (2017) World Investment Report, , Geneva, United Nations},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={17585880},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yono2019661,
author={Yono, K. and Izumi, K. and Sakaji, H. and Matsushima, H. and Shimada, T.},
title={Analysis of the Macroeconomic Uncertainty Based on the News-based Textual Data with Financial Market},
journal={Proceedings - 2019 8th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics, IIAI-AAI 2019},
year={2019},
pages={661-666},
doi={10.1109/IIAI-AAI.2019.00137},
art_number={8992610},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 8th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics, IIAI-AAI 2019 ; Conference Date: 7 July 2019 Through 11 July 2019;  Conference Code:157792},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080858026&doi=10.1109%2fIIAI-AAI.2019.00137&partnerID=40&md5=eb17a5904d204c24f86d36a67805b5cc},
affiliation={School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={The uncertainty in the financial market, whether US-China trade war will slow down global economy or not, Federal Reserve Board (FRB) policy to increase the interest rates, or other similar macroeconomic events can have a crucial impact on the purchase or sale of financial assets. In this study, we aim to build a model for measuring the macroeconomic uncertainty based on the news text. Further, we proposed an extended topic model which uses not only news text data but also numeric data as a supervised signal for each news article. Subsequently, we used our proposed model to construct four macroeconomic uncertainty indices. All these indices were similar to those observed in the historical macroeconomic events, and the correlation was higher with the volatility of the market index with respect to the uncertainty index. We also applied the impulse response function to analyze the impact of the uncertainty indices on financial markets. © 2019 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Economic policy;  Text mining;  Topic model;  Uncertainty},
keywords={Commerce;  Financial markets;  Impulse response;  Text mining, Economic policies;  Federal Reserve;  Financial assets;  Global economies;  Impulse response functions;  Interest rates;  Topic Modeling;  Uncertainty, Uncertainty analysis},
references={Baker, S.R., Bloom, N., Davis, S.J., Measuring economic policy uncertainty (2016) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131 (4), pp. 1593-1636. , Nov 1; Manela, A., Moreira, A., News implied volatility and disaster concerns (2017) Journal of Financial Economics, 123 (1), pp. 137-162. , Jan; Chuli, H., Guilln, M., Uribe, J.M., Measuring uncertainty in the stock market (2017) International Review of Economics and Finance, 48, pp. 18-33. , Mar; Castelnuovo, E., Tran, T.D., Google it up! A google trends-based uncertainty index for the united states and Australia (2017) Economics Letters, 161, pp. 149-153. , Dec; Hamid, A., Forecasting volatility with empirical similarity and google trends (2015) Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 117, pp. 62-81; Arbatli, E.C., Policy uncertainty in Japan (2017) International Monetary Fund, 17. , Tech. Rep; Brogaard, J., Detzel, A., The asset-pricing implications of government economic policy uncertainty (2015) Management Science, 61 (1), pp. 3-18. , Jan; Bachmann, R., Elstner, S., Sims, E.R., Uncertainty and economic activity (2013) American Economic Journal, 5 (2), pp. 217-249; Saltzman, B., Yung, J., A machine learning approach to identifying different types of uncertainty (2018) Economics Letters, 171, pp. 58-62. , Oct; Azqueta-Gavaldn, A., Developing news-based economic policy uncertainty index with unsupervised machine learning (2017) Economics Letters, 158, pp. 47-50. , Sep; Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I., Latent dirichlet allocation (2003) Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, pp. 993-1022. , no. Jan; McAuliffe, J.D., Blei, D.M., Supervised topic models (2008) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 121-128},
sponsors={International Institute of Applied Informatics (IIAI)},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728126272},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. - Int. Congr. Adv. Appl. Inf., IIAI-AAI},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McCarthy2019265,
author={McCarthy, D.J. and Puffer, S.M. and Satinsky, D.M.},
title={Will Russia have a role in the changing global economy? Contrasting Western and Russian cultural lenses},
journal={Cross Cultural and Strategic Management},
year={2019},
volume={26},
number={2},
pages={265-289},
doi={10.1108/CCSM-10-2018-0164},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067055280&doi=10.1108%2fCCSM-10-2018-0164&partnerID=40&md5=5dce3e05b212b3defbabc7b684ca5b2c},
affiliation={Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Independent Researcher, Boston, MA, United States},
abstract={Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the dramatically changed role of Russia in the global economy since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, as the Soviet institutions collapsed and were either reformed or replaced in a new Russian institutional landscape. The paper presents a fact-based and balanced view of Russia’s evolving role in the global economy, as distinguished from the sometimes one-sided view presented by some Western commentators. The authors establish that the two countervailing views are fundamentally based on different cultural perspectives about institutions, primarily the roles of business and government. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is developed as a perspectives article drawing upon the decades of academic and business experience of all three authors with Russian business, management and the economy. The paper focuses on the structure of Russian institutional change and places it within the historical context of the challenges of various periods of time from the late 1980s to the present. The authors posit that cultural foundations complicate that institutional evolution. Findings: Russia will remain a major player in world markets for energy, raw materials and armaments for the near future at least. Principal institutional questions facing Russia have to do with how to reduce the country’s overall dependence on raw material exports, with its vulnerability to world market fluctuations, and how to modernize Russian economic and political institutions. The degree of success in addressing these questions will depend largely upon the ability of the new and reformed economic institutions to show the flexibility to respond to changes in the global order, on whether political considerations will continue to supersede economic issues, and how markedly cultural traditions will continue to impede positive changes. Research limitations/implications: The entire system of international trade is under question, disrupted by the growing nationalism that is threatening the globalization that became institutionalized over decades in the wake of the Second World War. Russia’s future role is partially dependent upon how new patterns of international trade develop in response to the current disruption of established trade regimes, and by how political conflicts are expressed economically. The authors observe that Russia’s historical and cultural traditions, especially acquiescence to a highly centralized government with a strong autocratic leader, limit the country’s options. The authors explore how Russia’s reactions to Western sanctions have led to a new strategic approach, moving away from full engagement in the global economy to selective economic, and sometimes political, alliances with primarily non-Western countries, most notably China. The authors contrast Russia’s situation with that of China, which has been able to make substantial economic progress while still embracing a strong, centralized political institutional structure. Originality/value: Many Western analysts have viewed Russian institutional evolution very critically through the lens of Western politics and sanctions, while Russia has continued along its own path of economic and institutional development. Each view, the authors argue, is based upon differing cultural perspectives of the roles of business and government. As a result, a distinct difference exists between the Western and Russian perspectives on Russia’s role in the world. This paper presents both points of view and explores the future of Russia’s position in the world economy based upon its evolving strategy for national economic policy. The authors contrast the situations of Russia and China, highlighting how Western-centric cultural views have affected perceptions of each country, sometimes similarly and at times with decided differences. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={Cultural foundations for opposing economic views;  Economic sanctions;  National economic strategy;  Russia and oil prices;  Russia-China contrast;  Russia-China relations;  Russian economic indicators;  Russian economic institutions;  Russian multinationals;  Russian natural gas},
references={Appel, H., Orenstein, M.A., (2018) From Triumph to Crisis: Neoliberal Economic Reform in Post-Communist Countries, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Aptekar, P., (2019) Our place is in the middle, p. 15. , p., Vedomosti, January; Aslund, A., Russia’s economy: macroeconomic stability but minimal growth (2018) Russian Analytical Digest, (220), pp. 1-10; (2018) BOFIT Russia statistics, , www.bofit.fi/en/monitoring/statistical/russia-statistics, (accessed, July 18, 2018; Blanchfield, K., Wezeman, P.D., Wezeman, S.T., (2017) The state of major arms transfers in 8 graphics, , www.sipri.org/commentary/blog/2017/state-major-arms-transfers-8-graphics, Stockholm International Peace, Stockholm, February 22, 2017: (accessed, July 31, 2018; Boisot, M., Child, J., From fiefs to clans and network capitalism: explaining China’s emerging economic order (1996) Administrative Science Quarterly, 41 (4), pp. 600-628; Chen, N., Chao, M.C., Xie, H., Tjosvold, D., Transforming cross-cultural conflict into collaboration: the integration of western and eastern values (2018) Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25 (1), pp. 70-95; Cohen, S., (2018) Debasing US policy discourse about Russia: is Putin really a ‘pariah’ and Russia ‘isolated from the international community?’, p. 30. , p., The Nation, May; Connolly, R., Sendstad, C., (2017) Russia’s role as an arms exporter – the strategic and economic importance of arms exports for Russia, , Chatham House Research Paper, London, March, p. 3; (2018) Interview with Anatoly Chubais, , http://ekb.dk.ru/news/anatoliy-chubays-oni-prishli-i-skazali-anatoliy-borisych-dobro-pozhalovat-v-tyurmu-237107641?utm_source=mail&utm_medium=letter&utm_campaign=rassylka_every_day_ekb, July 16, (in Russian): (accessed, August 9, 2018; Dikova, D., Panibratov, A., Veselova, A., Ermolaeva, L., The joint effect of investment motives and institutional context on Russian international acquisitions (2016) International Journal of Emerging Markets, 11 (4), pp. 674-692; (2006), https://country.eiu.com/russia; Foy, H., Seddon, M., (2018) Moscow battles to find sanctions of its own, p. 17. , p., Financial Times, April; Funk, C., Treviño, L.J., Institution building in retreat: the effects of co-devolution on MNE-emerging economy relationships (2017) Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 24 (3), pp. 436-453; Gevorkian, A.V., (2018) Transition Economies: Transformation, Development, and Society in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, , Routledge, New York, NY; Goldman, M.L., (2003) The Piratization of Russia: Russian Reform Goes Awry, , Routledge, New York, NY; Grace, J., (2005) Russian Oil Supply, p. 14. , p., Oxford University Press, Oxford; Gunnion, L., (2018) Russia: political news overshadows economic performance, , www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/economy/emea/russia-economic-outlook.html, Deloitte Insights, April 30: (accessed, July 18, 2018; Guzikova, L., Small business in Russia as an economic and social phenomenon (2016) Megatrend Review, 13 (2), pp. 189-202; Hoffman, D.E., (2002) The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia, , Perseus Books Group, PublicAffairs, Cambridge, MA; Howell, D., (2018) Take the Shanghai Cooperation Organization seriously, , www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2018/06/07/commentary/world-commentary/take-shanghai-cooperation-organization-seriously/#.W0jP6y2ZNQM, The Japan Times, June 7: (accessed, August 9, 2018; Koveshnikov, A., National identities in times of organizational globalization: a case study of Russian managers in two Finnish-Russian organizations (2011) Politics and Power in the Multinational Corporation: The Role of Institutions, Interests, and Identities, pp. 346-379. , Dorrenbacher, C. and Geppert, M.,(Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Lawrence, P.R., Vlachoutsicos, C.A., Faminsky, I., Brakov, E., Puffer, S., Walton, E., Naumov, A., Ozira, V., (1990) Behind the Factory Walls: Decision Making in Soviet and US Enterprises, , Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA; (2018) International projects, , www.lukoil.com/Business/Upstream/Overseas, (accessed, July 19, 2018; Lyddon, C., (2017) Focus on Russia, , www.world-grain.com/Departments/Country-Focus/Country-Focus-Home/Focus-on-Russia.aspx?cck=1, October 17: (accessed, April 18, 2018; McCarthy, D.J., Puffer, S.M., ‘Diamonds and rust’ on Russia’s road to privatization: the profits and pitfalls for western managers (1995) Columbia Journal of World Business, 30 (3), pp. 56-69; 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(Ed.), Woodrow Wilson Press, Washington, DC; (2016) Analysis: Russia grabs top supplier’s crown with record crude oil sales to China, , www.platts.com/latest-news/oil/singapore/analysis-russia-grabs-top-suppliers-crown-with-26451222, May 20: (accessed, August 8, 2018; Shekshnia, S., Zagieva, V., Ulanovsky, A., (2018) Athletic CEOs: Leadership in Turbulent Times, , Anthem, London; Shekshnia, S.V., Puffer, S.M., McCarthy, D.J., Cultural mythology and global leadership in Russia (2009) Cultural Mythology and Leadership, pp. 325-342. , Kessler, E.H. and Wong-MingJi, D.J., and,(Eds), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham and Northampton, MA; Simola, H., Solanko, L., (2017) Overview of Russia’s oil and gas sector, , BOFIT Policy Brief, Bank of Finland, Helsinki, 5, p. 31; Tung, R.L., Stahl, G.K., The tortuous evolution of the role of culture in IB research: what we know, what we don’t know, and where we are headed (2018) Journal of International Business Studies, 49 (9), pp. 1167-1189; Tyll, L., Pernica, K., Arltova, M., The impact of economic sanctions on Russian economy in the RUB/USD exchange rate (2018) Journal of International Studies, 11 (1), pp. 21-33; (2017) United States remains the world’s top producer of petroleum and natural gas hydrocarbons, , www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36292, (accessed, April 17, 2018; (2018) What countries are the top producers and consumers of oil?, , www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=709&t=6, (accessed, April 17, 2018; Weir, D.T., (2003) Human Resource Management in the Arab Middle East. Frontiers of Human Resource Management, pp. 69-82. , Taylor & Francis, London; (2018) Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Siberia%E2%80%93Pacific_Ocean_oil_pipeline, (accessed, August 6, 2018; (2018) Rusal, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusal, (accessed, 18 July 2018; (2017) Rosatom’s overseas contract value rises 20% in 2016, , www.world-nuclear-news.org/C-Rosatoms-overseas-contract-value-rises-20-in-2016-14071702.html, July 14: (accessed, April 17, 2018; Yergin, D., (2011) The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World, p. 31. , p., Penguin Books, New York, NY; Zhou, Y., Lu, L., Chang, X., Averting risk or embracing opportunity? 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Corporate governance, independent boards and blockholder appropriation (2018) Journal of World Business; Keatinge, T., (2018) This time, sanctions on Russia are having the desired effect: the country’s integration in global finance has made it vulnerable, , Financial Times, April 18; Kim, O., (2018) Foreign nationals on the board of directors of Russian public companies: are they gatekeepers or a lobbying mechanism?, , working paper, Minnesota State University; Kluge, J., (2019) Taking stock of US sanctions on Russia, , www.fpri.org/article/2019/01/taking-stock-of-u-s-sanctions-on-russia/, Foreign Policy Research Institute, January 14; Kuncinas, P., (2006) The Russians are coming: understanding emerging multinationals, , Economist Intelligence Unit and Rusal; Ledeneva, A., (2013) Interview: how Russia’s ‘Sistema’ leads to the ‘modernization trap’, , Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Russia, April 1; (2017) Wheat exports from Russia may dominate in 2017/18 while U.S. market little changed, , https://seekingalpha.com/article/4124072-wheat-exports-russia-may-dominate-2017-18-u-s-market-little-changed?page=2, November 13; (2017) Russia’s Trade with China up 22%, , https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/russias-trade-with-china-up-22-to-59285, Moscow Times, October 17: (accessed, July 20, 2018; (2017) Russia-U.S.-Russia trade facts, , https://ustr.gov/Russia, (accessed, July 19, 2018; Panibratov, A., International strategies of Russian multinationals (2017) International Strategy of Emerging Market Firms: Absorbing Global Knowledge and Building Competitive Advantage, , Routledge, New York, NY; Panibratov, A., Russian oil and gas MNEs investing in China: the role of government in value creation (2017) Value Creation in International Business, , Marinova, S., Larimo, J. and Nummela, N.,(Eds), Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY; Snyder, X., (2018) Measures of US power, , https://geopoliticalfutures.com, Geopolitical Futures, April 12; Tickett, N., (2018) Why Putin’s oil maneuvers will keep Russia in the Middle East, , NYU Jordan Center for Advanced Study of Russia; Trianowski, A., (2018) Russia keeps getting hit with sanctions: do they work?, , www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-keeps-getting-hit-with-sanctions-do-they-make-a-difference/2018/08/21/f466db1c-a3ec-11e8-ad6f-080770dcddc2_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.d80cf88946e7, Washington Post, August 22; (2017) World investment report, United Nations conference on trade and development, , United Nations, New York, NY; (2019) Trade in goods with Russia, , www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c4621.html#2007, (accessed, April 20, 2019},
correspondence_address1={Puffer, S.M.; Northeastern UniversityUnited States; email: s.puffer@northeastern.edu},
publisher={Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.},
issn={20595794},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cross Cult. Strategic Manage.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Khan2019934,
author={Khan, N.I.},
title={Global trade war and its impact on trade and growth: War between USA, China and EU},
journal={International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering},
year={2019},
volume={8},
number={8},
pages={934-942},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068047641&partnerID=40&md5=d4e38bc9a3a517550d84bcdae10c0175},
abstract={The United States of America (USA) and People's Republic of China are waging a war against each other in the field of mutual trade. Washington D.C. is a witness to the latest failed talks between the two. If the erstwhile open mutual trade gets replaced by a somewhat restricted trade, the economic consequences for both the countries will be disastrous and it will also affect the world trade negatively. The same will happen with EU, Mexico and Canada if the trend continues. The effect of this war will be a cause of concern for world Growth too. If this modern day commercial war keeps itself limited to US and China only still the negative impact on the global economy will be almost-0.5% on world GDP, but if other countries also start playing the same tune and the trade war moves forward than the world GDP is likely to get reduced by not less than 3%. This may lead to a major recession in the global economy. Can there be a truce in this war? What could be the future of the world trade and growth if the war continues is the question?. © BEIESP.},
author_keywords={Dumping;  Growth;  Protectionism;  Quotas;  Tariffs;  Tech war;  Wto},
references={Kohut, A., Wike, R., Assessing Globalization: Benefits and Drawbacks of Trade and Integration (1992) Pew Research Centre, p. 220. , June 24, 2008, 2. A. G. Kenwood and A. L. Lougheed, the Growth of the International Economy 1820-1990, 3rd ed. (New York: Routledge; Baldwin, R., The New Welfare Economics and Gains in International Trade (1952) Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 91-101; Baldwin, R.E., The Effects of Tariffs on International and Domestic Prices (1960) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 74 (1), pp. 65-70; Bhagwati, J., Immiserizing Growth: A Geometric Note (1958) Review of Economic Studies, 25, pp. 201-205; Bhagwati, J., The Pure Theory of International Trade (1964) Economic Journal, 74, pp. 1-78; Brander, J.A., Spencer, B., Tariffs and the Extraction of Foreign Monopoly Rents under Potential Entry (1981) Canadian Journal of Economics, 14 (3), pp. 371-389; Brecher, R., Optimal Commercial Policy for a Minimum-Wage Economy (1974) Journal of International Economics, 4 (2), pp. 139-150; Brock, W., Magee, S., The Economics of Special Interest Politics: The Case of Tariffs (1978) American Economic Review, 68 (2), pp. 246-250; Brown, D.K., Deardoff, A.V., Stern, R.M., North American Integration (1992) Economic Journal, 102, pp. 1507-1518. , November; Cassing, J., Hillman, A., Political Influence Motives and the Choice between Tariffs and Quotas (1985) Journal of International Economics, 19, pp. 279-290; Chacholiades, M., (1978) The Pure Theory of International Trade, , Aldine Pub. Co., Chicago; Chipman, J.S., A Survey of the Theory of International Trade", Econometrica, ("The Classical Theory (1966) "The Neo-Classical Theory, pp. 18-76. , 1965-66, June 1965, 477-519), October 1965, 685-760), ("The Modern Theory", January; Deardorff, A.V., The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage (1980) Journal of Political Economy, 88 (5), pp. 941-957; Dixit, A., Stieglitz, J., Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity (1977) American Economic Review, 67 (3), pp. 297-308; Dixit, A., International Trade Policy for Oligopolistic Industries (1983) Economic Journal, 94 (S); Eaton, J., Grossman, G., Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly (1986) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101 (2), pp. 383-406; Ethier, W., Some of the Theorems of International Trade with Many Goods and Factors (1974) Journal of International Economics, 4 (2), pp. 199-206; Ethier, W., Internationally Decreasing Costs and World Trade (1979) Journal of International Economics, 9 (1), pp. 1-24; Falvey, R.E., A Note on Quantitative Restrictions and Capital Mobility (1976) American Economic Review, 66 (1), pp. 217-220; Graham, F., Some Aspects of Protection Further Considered (1923) John Maynard Keynes, Economic Consequences of the Peace; Keynes, J.M., (1919) Economic Consequences of the Peace; Howley, K., Ending Global Apartheid Reason, , www.reason.com/news/show/123912.html, (February 2008), accessed September 17, 2008; Mallaby, S., The Audacity of Growth, , Washington Post, June 2, 2008; Takayama, A., (1972) International Trade: An Approach to the Theory, , Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York},
publisher={Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication},
issn={22783075},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Carvalho2019,
author={Carvalho, M. and Azevedo, A. and Massuquetti, A.},
title={Emerging countries and the effects of the trade war between US and China},
journal={Economies},
year={2019},
volume={7},
number={2},
doi={10.3390/economies7020045},
art_number={45},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067891926&doi=10.3390%2feconomies7020045&partnerID=40&md5=78caed8df0513bee4b6859ba54d3fb0c},
affiliation={Economics Department, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, 91.330-002, Brazil},
abstract={The aim of the paper is to examine the effects of the US-China trade war on both countries and some emerging economies. Two scenarios are examined, one where only US protectionist measures are considered, and another in which Chinese retaliation is taken into account, using the GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) Computable General Equilibrium model. The results showed that, on one hand, the trade war would lead to a reduction in US trade deficit and an increase in domestic production of those sectors affected by higher import tariffs and Chinese producers and consumers would bear the lion's share of the burden of the trade war. But, on the other hand, both countries and the world as a whole would lose in terms of welfare, due to the significant reduction in allocative efficiency, especially in the US, and the loss of terms of trade in the Chinese case. With the increase in protectionism between the two largest global economies, some important emerging countries, not directly involved in the trade war, would benefit by the shift in demand to sectors where they have comparative advantages. © 2019 by the authors.},
author_keywords={CGE;  Import tariffs;  Retaliation;  Trade war},
funding_details={Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, 4078382018-0},
funding_text 1={Funding: This research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (4078382018-0).},
references={Bollen, J., Rojas-Romagosa, H., Trade wars: Economic impacts of US tariff increases and retaliations. An international perspective (2018) CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, , https://www.cpb.nl/sites/default/files/omnidownload/CPB-Background-Document-November2018-Trade-Wars-update.pdf, online: (accessed on 20 December 2018); Burfisher, M.E., (2011) Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Ciuriak, D., Xiao, J., (2018) Quantifying the Impacts of the US Section 232 Steel and Aluminum Tariffs, , https://www.cdhowe.org/sites/default/files/attachments/research_papers/mixed/Working%20Paper%200612web.pdf, C.D. Howe Institute Working Paper. online: (accessed on 10 December 2018); (2018) United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database Statistics Division, , http://comtrade.un.org, online: (accessed on 15 June 2018); Domingues, E.P., Haddad, E.A., Hewings, G., Sensitivity analysis in applied general equilibrium models: An empirical assessment for MERCOSUR free trade areas agreements (2008) The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 48, pp. 287-306; Hertel, T.W., (1997) Global Trade Analysis: Modeling and Applications, , New York: Cambridge University Press; (2018) G-20 Surveillance Note, G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors' Meetings, , https://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/pdf/2018/071818.pdf, IMF. Buenos Aires (Argentina). online: (accessed on 28 April 2019); Li, C., He, C., Lin, C., Economic impacts of the possible China-US trade war (2018) Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54, pp. 1557-1577; McDougall, R., (1993) Two Small Extensions to Salter, , Salter Working Paper No. 12. Melbourne, Australia: Industry Commission; (2018) Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, , http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201806/20180602757681.shtml, MOFCOM. online: (accessed on 30 June 2018); Monte, E.Z., Teixeira, E.C., Impactos da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (Alca), com gradual desgravação tarifária, na economia brasileira (2007) Nova Economia, 17, pp. 37-63; Taheripour, F., Tyner, W.E., Impacts of possible Chinese 25% tariff on U.S. Soybeans and other agricultural commodities (2018) Choices, 33, pp. 1-7. , http://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/US-China-trade-dispute-and-potential-impacts-to-agriculture/impactsof-possible-Chinese-25-tariff-on-us-soybeans-and-other-agricultural-commodities, online: (accessed on 25 April 2019); Tyner, W.E., Chepeliev, M., Van-Der-Mensbrugghe, D., (2018) How U.S. Agriculture Will Fare under the USMCA and Retaliatory Tariffs, , GTAPWorking Paper No. 84. Oak Brook, IL, USA: Farm Foundation; (2018) Office of the United States Trade Representative, , https://ustr.gov/about-us/policyoffices/press-office/press-releases/2018/june/ustr-issues-tariffs-Chinese-products, USTR. online: (accessed on 30 June 2018); Wigle, R.M., The pagan-shannon approximation: Unconditional systematic sensitivity in minutes (1991) Empirical Economics, 16, pp. 35-49},
correspondence_address1={Azevedo, A.; Economics Department, Brazil; email: aazevedo@unisinos.br},
publisher={MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
issn={22277099},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Economies},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang201947,
author={Zhang, D. and Lei, L. and Ji, Q. and Kutan, A.M.},
title={Economic policy uncertainty in the US and China and their impact on the global markets},
journal={Economic Modelling},
year={2019},
volume={79},
pages={47-56},
doi={10.1016/j.econmod.2018.09.028},
note={cited By 146},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064449541&doi=10.1016%2fj.econmod.2018.09.028&partnerID=40&md5=3c1a5008a9967093a3fbafba1619a27c},
affiliation={Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China; Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, United States; Centre for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Business, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, United States},
abstract={The recent US-China trade conflict has caused substantial uncertainty in the global markets. What is the rationale of this conflict? Is the rising of Chinese economy imposing a realistic threat to the US-led post-war international system? Using economic policy uncertainty in each of these two key global economic players as a measure of policy stance, this paper builds a time series model following Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) to estimate the influence of both the US and China on several key international markets, namely, stock, credit, energy and commodity markets. We find that, although China has become more influential, the US's dominant position still holds in all the markets. The results suggest that concerns regarding China's competition with the US in shaping the global world order are more likely to be driven by political factors rather than economic motives. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Connectedness;  Economic policy uncertainty;  Global economy;  Time varying;  Variance decomposition},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 71573214, 71774152, 91546109},
funding_text 1={We deeply appreciate the invaluable comments from Professor Mallick, the editor of Economic Modelling, and three anonymous referees, who generously helped us to improve our paper. The authors also thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71573214 , 71774152 , 91546109 ) for financial support.},
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Finance, 25, pp. 40-59; Baker, S.R., Bloom, M., Canes-Wrone, B., Davis, S.J., Rodden, J., Why has US policy uncertainty risen since 1960? (2014) American Economic Review, Papers & Proceedings, 104, pp. 56-60; Baker, S.R., Bloom, N., Davis, S.J., Measuring economic policy uncertainty (2016) Q. J. Econ., 131, pp. 1593-1636; Billio, M., Getmansky, M., Lo, A.W., Pelizzon, L., Econometric measures of connectedness and systemic risk in the finance and insurance sectors (2012) J. Financ. Econ., 104, pp. 535-559; Boudt, K., Paulus, E., Rosenthal, D.W.R., Funding liquidity, market liquidity and TED spread: a two-regime model (2017) J. Empir. Finance, 43, pp. 143-158; Broadstock, D., Cao, H., Zhang, D., Oil shocks and their impact on energy related stocks in China (2012) Energy Econ., 34, pp. 1888-1895; Diebold, F.X., Yilmaz, K., Measuring financial asset return and volatility spillovers, with application to global equity markets (2009) Econ. J., 119, pp. 158-171; Diebold, F.X., Yilmaz, K., Better to give than to receive: predictive measurement of volatility spillovers (2012) Int. J. Forecast., 28, pp. 57-66; Diebold, F.X., Yilmaz, K., On the network topology of variance decompositions: measuring the connectedness of financial firms (2014) J. Econom., 182, pp. 119-134; Dong, Y., Li, K.W., Zhang, D., Determinants of Chinese and American outward investment (2011) Chin. Econ., 44, pp. 58-78; Dungey, M., Vehbi, T., The influences of international output shocks from the US and China on ASEAN economies (2015) J. Asian Econ., 39, pp. 59-71; Fontaine, I., Didier, L., Razafindravaosolonirina, J., Foreign policy uncertainty shocks and US macroeconomic activity: evidence from China (2017) Econ. Lett., 155, pp. 121-125; Granville, B., Mallick, S., Zeng, N., Chinese exchange rate and price effects on G3 import prices (2011) J. Asian Econ., 22 (6), pp. 427-440; Hamilton, J.D., Oil and the macroeconomy since world war II (1983) J. Polit. Econ., 91, pp. 228-248; Hammoudeh, S., Kim, W.J., Sarafrazi, S., Source of fluctuations in islamic, U.S., EU, and Asia equity markets: the roles of economic uncertainty, interest rates, and stock indexes (2016) Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 52 (5), pp. 1195-1209; Han, L., Qi, M., Yin, L., Macroeconomic policy uncertainty shocks on the Chinese economy: a GVAR analysis (2016) Appl. Econ., 51, pp. 4907-4921; Ikenberry, G.J., The rise of China and the future of the West: can the liberal system survive? (2008) Foreign Aff., 87, pp. 23-37; Ji, Q., Zhang, D., China's crude oil futures: introduction and some stylized facts (2018) Finance Res. Lett.; Jin, X., Li, D.D., Wu, S., How will China shape the world economy? (2016) China Econ. Rev., 40, pp. 272-280; Kido, Y., On the link between the US economic policy uncertainty and exchange rates (2016) Econ. Lett., 144, pp. 49-52; Koop, G., Pesaran, M.H., Potter, S.M., Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models (1996) J. Econom., 74, pp. 119-147; Li, X., Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Chang, T., The causal relationship between economic policy uncertainty and stock returns in China and India: evidence from a bootstrap rolling window approach (2016) Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 52 (3), pp. 674-689; Li, X.M., Peng, L., US economic policy uncertainty and co-movements between Chinese and US stock markets (2017) Econ. Modell., 61, pp. 27-39; Liow, K.H., Liao, W.C., Huang, Y., Dynamics of international spillovers and interaction: evidence from financial market stress and economic policy uncertainty (2018) Econ. Modell., 68, pp. 96-116; Mallick, S.K., Sousa, R.M., Commodity prices, inflationary pressures, and monetary policy: evidence from BRICS economies (2013) Open Econ. Rev., 24 (4), pp. 677-694; Nodari, G., Financial regulation policy uncertainty and credit spreads in the US (2014) J. Macroecon., 41, pp. 122-132; Osborn, D.R., Vehbi, T., Growth in China and the US: effects on a small commodity exporter economy (2015) Econ. Modell., 45, pp. 268-277; Pesaran, H.H., Shin, Y., Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models (1998) Econ. Lett., 58, pp. 17-29; Pollitte, W.A., Miller, J.C., Yaprak, A., Returns to US firms from strategic alliances in China: a knowledge-based view (2015) J. World Bus., 50, pp. 144-148; Rudd, K., Beyond the pivot: a new road map for U.S.-Chinese relations (2013) Foreign Aff., 92, pp. 9-15; Sarwar, G., Khan, W., The effect of US stock market uncertainty on emerging market returns (2017) Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 53 (8), pp. 1796-1811; Sato, K., Zhang, Z., McAleer, M., Identifying shocks in regionally integrated East Asian economies with structural VAR and block exogeneity (2011) Math. Comput. Simulat., 81, pp. 1353-1364; Sims, C.A., Macroeconomics and reality (1980) Econometrica, 48, pp. 1-48; Sun, Y., From West to East: Estimating External Spillovers to Australia and New Zealand (2011), IMF Working Paper No. 11/120; Taylor, J.B., The role of the Chinese economy in the world economy: a U.S. perspective (2016) China Econ. Rev., 40, pp. 281-285; Tsai, I.C., The source of global stock market risk: a viewpoint of economic policy uncertainty (2017) Econ. Modell., 60, pp. 122-131; Wang, Y., Zhang, B., Diao, X., Wu, C., Commodity price changes and the predictability of economic policy uncertainty (2015) Econ. Lett., 127, pp. 39-42; Xi, J., Secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and strive for the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era (2017) Report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, , http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/download/Xi_Jinping's_report_at_19th_CPC_National_Congress.pdf, Xinhua News Agency; Xiao, R., China as an institution-builder: the case of the AIIB (2016) Pac. Rev., 29, pp. 435-442; Xu, Y., La, H.A., Spillovers of the United States' unconventional monetary policy to emerging Asia: the bank lending channel (2017) Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 53 (12), pp. 2744-2769; Yang, Z., Zhou, Y., Quantitative easing and volatility spillovers across countries and asset classes (2016) Manag. Sci., 63 (2), pp. 333-354; Zhang, D., Oil shocks and stock markets revisited: measuring connectedness from a global perspective (2017) Energy Econ., 62, pp. 323-333; Zhang, D., Broadstock, D., Cao, H., International oil shocks and household consumption in China (2014) Energy Pol., 75, pp. 146-156; Zhang, D., Cao, H., Sectoral responses of the Chinese stock market to international oil shocks (2013) Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 49, pp. 37-51; Zhang, D., Shi, M., Shi, X., Oil indexation, market fundamentals, and natural gas prices: an investigation of the Asian premium in natural gas trade (2018) Energy Econ., 69, pp. 33-41; Zhang, D., Wu, Y., Household saving, stock market and economic growth in China (2012) Emerg. Mark. Finance Trade, 48, pp. 44-58; Zhu, Z., China's AIIB and OBOR: ambitions and challenges (2015), https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/chinas-aiib-and-obor-ambitions-and-challenges/, The Diplomat (October 9)},
correspondence_address1={Ji, Q.; Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, China; email: jqwxnjq@163.com},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={02649993},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Model.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Drezner2019505,
author={Drezner, D.W.},
title={Counter-hegemonic strategies in the global economy},
journal={Security Studies},
year={2019},
volume={28},
number={3},
pages={505-531},
doi={10.1080/09636412.2019.1604985},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067290200&doi=10.1080%2f09636412.2019.1604985&partnerID=40&md5=79ed074901358167cc16cf25d44e3162},
affiliation={Fletcher School, Tufts University, United States},
abstract={Since the onset of the 2008 financial crisis, there has been a running debate among international relations scholars about the future of the open liberal economic order. In many ways, however, this debate has generated more heat than light. Little thought has been given to considering the theory and process of great-power revisionism in the global political economy. In the presence of an existing hegemonic order, how would a rational revisionist develop a viable, peaceful counter-hegemonic strategy? This paper considers what a counter-hegemonic approach would look like in the absence of a great-power war. Building on Susan Strange’s concept of structural power, this paper concludes that there is an optimal revisionist sequence to challenge a hegemonic economic order. Such a sequence prioritizes attacking the ideational dimensions of the order before its material dimensions. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
correspondence_address1={Drezner, D.W.; Fletcher School, United States},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={09636412},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Secur. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fieldston2019187,
author={Fieldston, S.},
title={‘Our dollars are celebrities abroad’: American tourists, consumption, and power after World War II},
journal={Journal of Tourism History},
year={2019},
volume={11},
number={2},
pages={187-207},
doi={10.1080/1755182X.2019.1622792},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067257383&doi=10.1080%2f1755182X.2019.1622792&partnerID=40&md5=672318a4a2264e4a444a74b69525b052},
affiliation={History Department, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States},
abstract={During the late 1940s and 1950s, tourism industry officials, government leaders, and travel writers described American tourists as fonts of foreign aid. Souvenir-hunters would rebuild war-devastated countries, spread American goodwill, and stimulate the global economy – all while treating themselves to fun and bargains. While travel boosters worked to connect American consumerism, U.S. power, and global prosperity, the experiences of ordinary tourists in shops and markets around the world often complicated this narrative. And by the 1960s, the declining strength of the U.S. dollar abroad would come to embody larger fears about America’s diminishing global stature. This article argues that tourists’ experiences as shoppers overseas can help us understand the ways in which ordinary Americans both bolstered and grappled with U.S. global hegemony. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={American empire;  Consumption;  Dollar gap;  Shopping;  Souvenirs;  Tourism},
correspondence_address1={Fieldston, S.; History Department, United States; email: sara.fieldston@shu.edu},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={1755182X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Tour. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gauthier2019,
author={Gauthier, B.R. and Bermúdez-Silva, F.J.},
title={Advances in genetics of regeneration in metabesity},
journal={Genes},
year={2019},
volume={10},
number={5},
doi={10.3390/genes10050383},
art_number={383},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072815392&doi=10.3390%2fgenes10050383&partnerID=40&md5=7dc4dbdef40fcd3f39f150f04a27052f},
affiliation={Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, 41092, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29009, Spain},
abstract={‘Metabesity’ is a recent term comprising a wide range of diseases with underlying metabolic disarrangements at its root, and whose aetiology lies in complex relationships among genes and the obesogenic environment to which individuals are currently exposed in most countries. Of note, epigenetic changes are increasingly being reported to play an outstanding role in carrying deleterious information that, together with susceptibility genes, boost the development of metabesity in subsequent generations. In this context, it is noteworthy to mention that the transition from the pre-industrial era to the current high-technology society and global economy, even after suffering two world wars, has been very fast. By contrast, evolution-driven processes, such as biological ones, are slow. In fact, there is a general consensus that at the metabolic level, adipogenic processes and thrifty pathways prevail over those promoting energy expenditure in a way that currently leads to metabolic diseases by excessive energy storage. In such an imbalanced social-biological scenario, genes that were beneficial in the past have shifted to becoming detrimental, i.e., favouring metabesity, which is quickly growing to reach pandemic proportions. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Animal model;  Cell therapy;  Genes;  Genetic networks;  Inflammation;  Metabolic diseases;  Regeneration;  Regenerative medicine;  Transgenic},
keywords={adipogenesis;  Editorial;  energy expenditure;  epigenetics;  genetic association;  genetic regulation;  human;  metabesity;  metabolic disorder;  molecular genetics;  regeneration},
funding_details={P10.CTS.6359},
funding_details={C-0070-2012},
funding_details={PI-0247-2016, PI-0727-2010},
funding_details={Federación Española de Enfermedades RarasFederación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER, PI10/00871, PI13/00309, PI13/00593, PI17/01004},
funding_details={Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO},
funding_details={Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIInstituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII},
funding_text 1={The authors are supported by the Consejería de Salud, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PI-0727-2010 to B.R.G. and PI-0247-2016 to F.J.B.S.), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia (P10.CTS.6359 to B.R.G.), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by Fondos FEDER (PI10/00871 and PI13/00593 to B.R.G., PI13/00309 and PI17/01004 to F.J.B.S.), Vencer el Cancer (B.R.G), DiabetesCero (B.R.G.), F.J.B.S. is recipient of a “Nicolás Monardes” research contract from Consejería de Salud Junta de Andalucía, (C-0070-2012). CIBERDEM is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.},
funding_text 2={Funding: The authors are supported by the Consejería de Salud, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PI-0727-2010 to B.R.G. and PI-0247-2016 to F.J.B.S.), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia (P10.CTS.6359 to B.R.G.), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by Fondos FEDER (PI10/00871 and PI13/00593 to B.R.G., PI13/00309 and PI17/01004 to F.J.B.S.), Vencer el Cancer (B.R.G), DiabetesCero (B.R.G.), F.J.B.S. is recipient of a “Nicolás Monardes” research contract},
references={Balaji, S., Napolitano, T., Silvano, S., Friano, M.E., Garrido-Utrilla, A., Atlija, J., Collombat, P., Epigenetic control of pancreatic regeneration in diabetes (2018) Genes, 9, p. 448; Mellado-Gil, J.M., Fuente-Martín, E., Lorenzo, P.I., Cobo-Vuilleumier, N., López-Noriega, L., Martín-Montalvo, A., Gómez, I.G.H., Campos-Caro, A., The type 2 diabetes-associated HMG20A gene is mandatory for islet beta cell functional maturity (2018) Cell Death Dis., 9, p. 279; Wynder, C., Hakimi, M.A., Epstein, J.A., Shilatifard, A., Shiekhattar, R., Recruitment of MLL by HMG-domain protein iBRAF promotes neural differentiation (2005) Nat Cell Biol., 7, p. 1113; Fuente-Martín, E., Mellado-Gil, J.M., Cobo-Vuilleumier, N., Martín-Montalvo, A., Romero-Zerbo, S.Y., Diaz Contreras, I., Hmadcha, A., Reyes, J.C., Dissecting the brain/islet axis in metabesity (2019) Genes, 10, p. 350; Castellano-Castillo, D., Moreno-Indias, I., Fernandez-Garcia, J.C., Clemente-Postigo, M., Castro-Cabezas, M., Tinahones, F.J., Queipo-Ortuño, M.I., Cardona, F., Complement factor C3 methylation and mRNA expression is associated to BMI and insulin resistance in obesity (2018) Genes, 9, p. 410; King, B.C., Kulak, K., Krus, U., Rosberg, R., Golec, E., Wozniak, K., Gomez, M.F., Renström, E., Complement component C3 is highly expressed in human pancreatic islets and prevents β cell death via ATG16L1 interaction and autophagy regulation (2019) Cell Metab., 29, p. 202; Liñares-Pose, L., Rial-Pensado, E., Estévez-Salguero, Á., Milbank, E., González-García, I., Rodríguez, C., Seoane-Collazo, P., Prieto, D., Genetic targeting of GRP78 in the VMH improves obesity independently of food intake (2018) Genes, 9, p. 357; Cortez, L., Sim, V., The therapeutic potential of chemical chaperones in protein folding diseases (2014) Prion., 8, p. 28938; Stijnen, P., Ramos-Molina, B., O’Rahilly, S., Creemers, J.W., PCSK1 mutations and human endocrinopathies:From obesity to gastrointestinal disorders (2016) Endocr. Rev., 37, p. 347},
correspondence_address1={Gauthier, B.R.; Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Spain; email: benoit.gauthier@cabimer.es},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20734425},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Genes},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Afontsev201936,
author={Afontsev, S.A.},
title={New trends in global economy},
journal={World Economy and International Relations},
year={2019},
volume={63},
number={5},
pages={36-46},
doi={10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-5-36-46},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069526419&doi=10.20542%2f0131-2227-2019-63-5-36-46&partnerID=40&md5=1c754bddfb2ba73088b1c3048a884d11},
affiliation={Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation},
abstract={After the crisis of 2008-2009, dynamics and structural characteristics of the global economy experienced profound changes. Instead of shifting to a 'New Normal' of any kind, it presented both developed and developing economies with a set of strategic options involving technological, institutional, and economic policy trade-offs. Most resourceand technology-related 'forks in the road' are relatively growth-friendly, as the choice among the available strategic alternatives can rely on efficiency-maximizing economic calculus (although in some cases, as with the labor-saving technological change, social costs can be rather sensitive). This applies also to the dynamics of institutional change, with different economic and social institutions having proved their compatibility with positive GDP growth. On the contrary, economic policy trade-offs are much more challenging, as efficiency-improving policy reforms often bring opposition by vested interests and/or electoral risks. As for global economic governance, these risks are complemented with nationalist temptations inviting political decision makers to sacrifice global norms for country-specific benefits. In this sense, recent trends in global trade are especially warning, as proliferation of trade barriers can further reduce growth in global trade and downgrade the role of export demand as the engine of global development. Thus far, both markets and most experts considered new US protectionist initiatives as elements of the bargaining strategy used by the Trump administration, which will more likely result in concessions by the affected country partners rather than in retaliatory measures. However, the scenario of full-fledged trade wars should not be ruled out. The history of the global economy presents numerous cases when political ambitions and conflicting trading interests generate outcomes leaving all the parties worse off. Preventing the collapse of the existing regimes and institutions of global economic governance appears one of the key factors responsible for keeping growth rates of global GDP above 3 per cent in shortand medium-run perspective. © 2019 Russian Academy of Sciences.},
author_keywords={Digital economy;  Economic growth;  Foreign direct investment;  GDP;  Global competitiveness;  Global economic governance;  Global trade;  Protectionism;  Trade wars;  World economy},
references={El-Erian, M., A new normal (2009) PIMCO Secular Outlook, , http://media.pimco.com/Documents/Secular%20Outlook%20May_09%20Email-Web%20FINAL3.pdf, May. (accessed 07.03.2019); El-Erian, M., (2010) Navigating the New Normal in Industrial Countries, 37p. , Washington, Per Jacobsson Foundation; Hinssen, P., (2011) The New Normal: Explore the Limits of the Digital World, 202p. , Teilt, Lannoo Publishers; (2018) Understanding the 'New Normal' on Limits to Growth An Economy That Works, , http://limits2growth.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/AETW-Policy-Briefing-No-1-digital.pdf, AETW Briefing Paper, no. 1, July. (accessed 07.03.2019); Hoekman, B., (2015) The Global Trade Slowdown: A New Normal?, 333p. , London, CEPR Press; Aizenman, J., Cheun, Y.-W., De Haan, J., (2016) Journal of International Money and Finance, 66, pp. 1-170; Afontsev, S., Mirovaya ekonomika v poiskakh novoi modeli rosta [Global economy in the quest for new growth model] (2014) Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 2, pp. 3-12; Rodrik, D., Understanding economic policy reform (1996) Journal of Economic Literature, 34 (1), pp. 9-41; Roland, G., (2000) Transition Economics: Politics, Markets, and Firms, 430p. , Cambridge, MIT Press; Zhukov, S.V., (2016) Transformatsiya Mirovogo Rynka Nefti [Transformation of Global Oil Market], 298p. , Moscow, IMEMO; (2018) The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018, 141p. , Paris, UNESCO; (2019) World Economic Outlook Database, , https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/index.aspx, (accessed 07.03); Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe razvitie Argentiny [Development trends in Argentina] (2018) Analiticheskii Tsentr Pri pravitel'Stve Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Byulleten' O Tekushchikh Tendentsiyakh Mirovoi Ekonomiki, , November; Stiglitz, J.E., The promise of abenomics (2013) Project Syndicate, , https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/shinzo-abe-and-soaring-confidence-in-japan-by-joseph-e-stiglitz?barrier=accesspaylog, April 5, (accessed 07.03.2019); Dynkin, A.A., (2017) Mir 2035. Global'Nyi Prognoz [The World of 2035: Global Outlook], 252p. , Moscow, Magistr; (2018) Digital Economy and Society Index Report 2018, 79p. , Brussels, The European Commission; (2018) Digital Economy Monitoring Report 2018, 22p. , Berlin, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft; (2018) The Next Economic Growth Engine Scaling Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies in Production, 33p. , Geneva, World Economic Forum; (2016) World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends, 359p. , Washington, World Bank; (2016) Digital Globalization: The New Era of Global Flows, 156p. , New York, McKinsey Global Institute; (2018) Measuring the Digital Economy, 47p. , Washington, IMF, February 28; Nakamura, L., Samuels, J., Soloveichik, R., (2017) Measuring the 'Free' Digital Economy Within the GDP and Productivity Accounts, , www.philadelphiafed.org/research-anddata/publications/working-papers, Philadelphia, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, October. (accessed 07.03.2019); Van Ark, B., The productivity paradox of the new digital economy (2016) International Productivity Monitor, 31, pp. 3-18. , Fall; Kapelyushnikov, R.I., Tekhnologicheskii progress - Pozhiratel' rabochikh mest? [Does Technological Progress Destroy Jobs?] (2017) Voprosy Ekonomiki, 11, pp. 111-140; Kapelyushnikov, R.I., Vliyanie chetvertoi promyshlennoi revolyutsii na rynok truda [The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Labour Market] (2018) Aist Na Kryshe. Demograficheskii Zhurnal, 6 (6), pp. 32-36; Lagarde, C., Is the world prepared for the next financial crisis? (2019) Foreign Policy, , https://foreignpolicy.com/gt-essay/is-the-world-prepared-for-the-next-financial-crisis-christine-lagarde-economy-recession/, Winter. (accessed 07.03.2019); (2019) Observer, , https://observer.com/2019/02/ray-dalio-bridgewater-predict-next-recession-2020-election/, Hedge Fund Legend Ray Dalio Is Changing His Mind about the Next Recession. February 28, (accessed 07.03.2019); Stiglitz, J.E., (2013) The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future, 306p. , New York, W. W. Norton and Company; Piketty, T., (2014) The Economics of Inequality, 704p. , Cambridge, Harvard University Press; Stiglitz, J.E., (2015) The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and What We Can Do about Them, 464p. , New York, W. W. Norton and Company; Kapelyushnikov, R.I., (2019) Ekonomicheskoe Neravenstvo - Vselenskoe Zlo? [Economic Inequality: The Great Evil?], , HSE Preprints, WP3 Series, WP3/01; Afontsev, S.A., Promyshlennaya politika i perspektivy importozameshcheniya v rossiiskoi ehkonomike [Industrial Policy and Prospects of Import Substitution in the Russian Economy] (2016) Ekonomicheskii Krizis i Promyshlennaya Politika - al'Ternativnye Puti Vozvrashcheniya K Rostu v Rossii [Economic Crisis and Industrial Polices: Policy Options for A Return to Growth in Russia], pp. 10-30. , Traub-Merz R., Efimenko D., eds. Moscow, Politicheskaya entsiklopediya; (2018) Annual Report of the Director-General (Mid-October 2017 to Mid-October 2018), , https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news18_e/trdev_11dec18_e.htm, Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment. Geneva, WTO, (accessed 07.03.2019); (2019) Cause for Concern? The Top 10 Risks to the Global Economy in 2019, , https://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=GlobalRisks2019, The Economist Intelligence Unit, March (accessed 07.03.2019)},
correspondence_address1={Afontsev, S.A.; Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Russian Federation; email: afontsev@gmail.com},
publisher={Russian Academy of Sciences},
issn={01312227},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={World Economy Int. Relat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hennings201922,
author={Hennings, A.},
title={From bullets to banners and back again? The ambivalent role of ex-combatants in contested land deals in sierra leone [Die ambivalente rolle von ex-kombattanten im widerstand gegen landinvestitionen in sierra leone]},
journal={Africa Spectrum},
year={2019},
volume={54},
number={1},
pages={22-43},
doi={10.1177/0002039719848511},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072092113&doi=10.1177%2f0002039719848511&partnerID=40&md5=9f9e022e99a8543c6a2447f2dce8d9c3},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, WWU Münster, Scharnhorststr. 100, Münster, 48151, Germany},
abstract={The rise of land deals poses unpredictable risks to war-torn societies, exposing them to the violent folds of the global economy. In Sierra Leone, commercial land leases have perpetuated the chieftaincy monopoly, further curtailed social mobility, and sparked particular resentment among youths and ex-combatants. Drawing on the concept of the “war machine,” I analyse how Kamajor militia fighters shape contestation against land deals and explore the attendant risks for remobilisation and conflict transformation. My findings, based on in-depth ethnographic field research, indicate that while aggrieved communities turn to Kamajor-run civil society organisations for support, Kamajor living in precarious conditions largely shy away from open contestation. While the historically close ties between the Kamajor and the chieftaincy have eroded in the wake of commercial land leases, complex patronage networks along with the moral setback encountered from the Special Court proceedings and tight surveillance thwart a more overt response. Yet, the Kamajor’s background support remains key to the struggle of anti-plantation and mining activists. © The Author(s) 2019.},
author_keywords={Conflict transformation;  Liberal peace;  Post-war identities;  Remobilisation;  Sierra Leone},
funding_details={Deutscher Akademischer AustauschdienstDeutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD},
funding_text 1={The author(s) received financial support from the German Academic Exchange Service the research of this article.},
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D. and Williams R., London, New York: Routledge; Utas, M., Bigmanity and network governance in African conflicts (2012) African Conflicts and Informal Power: Big Men and Networks, pp. 1-31. , Utas M (ed.), London: Zed Books; Vandergeest, P., Peluso, N.L., Territorialization and state power in Thailand (1995) Theory and Society, 24 (3), pp. 385-426; Wood, E.J., The ethical challenges of field research in conflict zones (2006) Qualitative Sociology, 29 (3), pp. 373-386; (2018) Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, , The World Bank},
correspondence_address1={Hennings, A.; Department of Political Science, Scharnhorststr. 100, Germany; email: anne.hennings@wwu.de},
publisher={GIGA German Institute for Global and Area Studies},
issn={00020397},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. Spectrum},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sterne201913,
author={Sterne, G.},
title={Goodbye grey skies? 2018's global shocks may be fading},
journal={Economic Outlook},
year={2019},
volume={43},
number={2},
pages={13-18},
doi={10.1111/1468-0319.12416},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065063806&doi=10.1111%2f1468-0319.12416&partnerID=40&md5=7124602584894d401a9bd013a6718091},
abstract={▀ It may be premature to declare the onset of happy days for the global economy, but our trawl through the various drivers of weakness over the last year or so suggests the worst is behind us. ▀ Our lengthy list of lifting clouds is led by China, where policy stimulus is showing signs of boosting lending, but there are other sources of optimism too. The eurozone's run of bad luck may be turning, and there are reasons for optimism on trade wars. Plenty of 2018's bad news was interconnected and centred around adverse global financial conditions, US dollar strength and very tough external conditions for EM. These have reversed in Q1 2019 amid receding fears that global inflation is set to surge. ▀ But we are not yet proclaiming hello to blue skies. After all, recent shocks – good or bad – should on average fade over time. The context is one of weakening trend growth (we are partial believers in the secular stagnation hypothesis) and of pockets of weakness in global balance sheets, including in China. ▀ And we see three conspicuous potentially negative drivers for the global economy. First, there is the fading impact of the US fiscal boost. Second, there is a small probability that some of the ongoing negatives – such as trade wars – could blow up into something very nasty. Third, there is a possibility that negative momentum from past and ongoing shocks may push weakness into Q2 and beyond. ▀ But on balance, all of this adds up to a receding risk of global recession. We now attach a 20% probability to a fall in advanced economy GDP per capita over the next two years, down from 25% previously. Our increased optimism is based on (i) the analysis in this article, (ii) our growing confidence that soft landings are attainable and (iii) our assessment that late-cycle vulnerabilities may be overstated. © Oxford Economics 2019},
keywords={currency market;  financial market;  global economy;  Gross Domestic Product;  inflation;  trade performance;  vulnerability, China;  Europe;  United States},
references={Meredith, S., (2019) Paul Krugman expects a global recession this year, warns ‘we don't have an effective response', , https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/11/paul-krugman-warns-of-a-possible-global-recession-this-year-or-in-2020.html, CNBC, 11 February; Gibson, K., (2018) Most CFOs see a U.S. recession coming by 2020, , https://www.cbsnews.com/news/most-cfos-see-a-u-s-recession-coming-by-2020/, CBS News, 12 December; Tanzi, A., (2019) Most Economists See U.S. Recession by 2021, Survey Shows, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-25/most-economists-see-u-s-recession-by-2021-nabe-survey-shows, Bloomberg, 25 February; Shin, H.S., Global liquidity and procyclicality, , https://www.bis.org/speeches/sp160608.pdf, Bank for International Settlements, Speech to World Bank Conference, 8 June 2016; Dlouhy, J., Krasny, R., (2019) U.S.-China Talks Are Making ‘Headway,’ Trump Adviser Says, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-10/kudlow-brushes-off-slowdown-calls-says-3-pct-growth-can-prevail, &, Bloomberg, 10 March},
correspondence_address1={Sterne, G.},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={0140489X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Outlook},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2019102,
author={Lee, I.},
title={Can North Korea Follow China's Path? A Comparative Study of the Nexus Between National Security and Economic Reforms},
journal={Pacific Focus},
year={2019},
volume={34},
number={1},
pages={102-126},
doi={10.1111/pafo.12135},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064490011&doi=10.1111%2fpafo.12135&partnerID=40&md5=f43a4f73af0cd42717a7bfa73b9b8792},
affiliation={Spring Arbor University, United States},
abstract={Why has North Korea been unable to implement serious economic reforms like those of China? By tracing the process of economic reform in China, this paper argues that the improvement of national security, especially as a result of diplomatic normalization with the United States, was an essential precondition for successful economic reform and growth. It reduced the fear of an open-door policy and eased domestic control as well as reallocation of resources from the military to economic development. Furthermore, diplomatic normalization with the United States lifted economic sanctions, and allowed access to global markets, foreign direct investments, and membership in major international economic organizations. However, North Korea has technically been at war with the United States for the last 66 years. Therefore, it maintains very tight control of its population and spends a substantial portion of its GDP on the military. It has also been under severe economic sanctions and does not have access to the global economy. The possibility of any meaningful economic reforms in North Korea will depend on its success in improving national security by resolving the nuclear issue and normalizing diplomatic relations with the United States. © 2019 Center for International Studies, Inha University},
author_keywords={China;  economic reform;  national security;  North Korea},
references={Albert, E., (2018), https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-north-korea-relationship>, “The China–North Korea Relationship,”, Council on Foreign Relations, (28 March,), at, (searched date 1 July 2018); Babones, S., (2018), “If North Korea Opens Up, Rason Could Become North Korea's Shenzhen,”, Forbes, (2 May; Burr, W., (2000) Missile Defense Thirty Years Ago: Déjà Vu All Over Again?, , https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB36/, ed.,, ” National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book 36 (, National Security Archive,), at, (searched date 1 July 2018); Buzo, A., (1999) The Guerilla Dynasty: Politics and Leadership in North Korea, , London, I. B. Tauris; Carlin, R., (2006), https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-policy-forum/wabbit-in-free-fall, “Policy Forum 06-78A Wabbit in Free Fall,”, NAPSNet Policy Forum, (21 September,), at, / (searched date 18 March 2019); Chavance, B., (1994) The Transformation of Communist Systems: Economic Reform Since the 1950s, , Boulder, Westview Press; Cumings, B., (2004) North Korea, Another Country, , New York, New Press; Deger, S., Smith, R., Military Expenditure and Growth in Less Developed Countries (1983) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 27, pp. 335-353; Dunne, J.P., Economic Effects of Military Expenditure in Developing Countries (1996) The Peace Dividend, 235, pp. 439-464. , Nils P. Gleditsch, Olav Bjerkholt, Adne Cappelen, Ron Smith, J. Paul Dunne, eds.,, (Contributions to Economic Analysis, (, Bingley, Emerald; Dunne, J.P., Uye, M., Military Spending and Development (2009) The Global Arms Trade, pp. 293-305. , Andrew Tan, ed.,, London, Europa/Routledge; Eberstadt, N., (2007) The North Korean Economy: Between Crisis and Catastrophe, , New Brunswick, Transaction; Graham, E.M., Wada, E., (2001), Foreign Direct Investment in China Effects on Growth and Economic Performance, (Working Paper 01-03) (Washington, D. C. Peterson Institute for International Economics; Guo, S., (2006) China's Peaceful Rise in the 21st Century: Domestic and International Conditions, , ed.,, Aldershot, Ashgate; Haggard, S., Noland, M., (2007) Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform, , New York, Columbia University Press; Ho, A.K., (2004) China's Reforms and Reformers, , Westport, Praeger; Ishiyama, J., Elite Volatility and Change in North Korean Politics: 1997-2010 (2013) Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49 (5), pp. 570-583; Kang, D., Acute Conflicts in Asia After the Cold War: Kashmir, Taiwan, and Korea (2003) Asian Security Order, pp. 349-379. , Muthiah Alagappa, ed.,, Stanford, Stanford University Press; Keohane, R.O., Martin, L.L., The Promise of Institutionalist Theory (1995) International Security, 20 (1), pp. 39-51; Kong, T.Y., The Political Obstacles to Economic Reform in North Korea: The Ultra Cautious Strategy in Comparative Perspective (2014) Pacific Review, 27 (1), pp. 73-96; Kornai, J., (1992) The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism, , Princeton, Princeton University Press; Ku, Y., Lee, I., Woo, J., (2017) Politics in North and South Korea, , New York, Routledge; Lewis, J.W., Xue, L., (1991) China Builds the Bomb, , Stanford, Stanford University Press; Lieberthal, K., (2003) Governing China: From Revolution Through Reform, , 2nd edn, New York, W. 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Norton; Litwak, R.S., (2012) Outlier States: American Strategies to Change, Contain, or Engage Regimes, , Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson Center Press; McEachern, P., (2010) Inside the Red Box: North Korea's Post-Totalitarian Politics, , New York, Columbia University Press; Moore, G.J., How North Korea Threatens China's Interests: Understanding Chinese ‘Duplicity’ on the North Korean Nuclear Issue (2008) International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 8 (1), pp. 1-29; Mulvenon, J.C., Yang, A.N.D., (2002) The People's Liberation Army as Organization, , eds.,, Santa Monica, RAND Corporation; Noland, M., Why North Korea Will Muddle Through (1997) Foreign Affairs, 76 (4), pp. 105-118; Noland, M., The (Non-) Impact of UN Sanctions on North Korea (2009) Asia Policy, 7, pp. 61-88; Oh, J., Ryu, J., The Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions on North Korea: China's Vital Role (2011) Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 23 (1), pp. 117-131; Oh, K., Hassig, R.C., North Korea Between Collapse and Reform (1999) Asian Survey, 39 (2), pp. 287-309; Park, H.S., Military-First Politics (Songun): Understanding Kim Jong-il's North Korea (2007) Korea Economic Institute Academic Paper Series, 2 (7), pp. 1-8; Pillsbury, M., (1997) Chinese Views of Future Warfare, , ed.,, New Delhi, Lancer; Pritchard, C., (2007) Failed Diplomacy: The Tragic Story of How North Korea Got the Bomb, , Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution Press; Ravallion, M., Chen, S., China's (Uneven) Progress Against Poverty (2007) Journal of Development Economics, 82 (1), pp. 1-42; Rothschild, K.W., Military Expenditure, Exports and Growth (1977) Kyklos, 26, pp. 804-814; Segal, G., (1982) The Great Power Triangle, , London, Macmillan Press; Seliger, B., The July 2002 Reforms in North Korea: Liberman-Style Reforms or Road to Transformation? (2005) North Korean Review, 1 (1), pp. 22-37; Smith, R., Defense Expenditure and Economic Growth (2000) Making Peace Pay, pp. 15-24. , Nils P. Gleditsch, Goran Lindgren, Naima Mouhleb, Sjoerd Smit, Indra de Soysa, eds.,, Claremont, Regina Press; Thayer, C., (1994) The Vietnam People's Army Under Doi Moi, , Singapore, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; Waltz, K., (1979) Theory of International Politics, , New York, Random House; Womack, B., (2006) China and Vietnam: Politics of Asymmetry, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Yang, U.-C., Reform Without Transition: The Economic Situation in North Korea Since the July 1, 2002, Measures (2010) North Korean Review, 6 (1), pp. 71-87; Zhang, S.G., (2001) Economic Cold War: America's Embargo Against China and the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1949-1963, , Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson Center Press, in association with Stanford University Press, California},
correspondence_address1={Lee, I.; Spring Arbor UniversityUnited States; email: ilee@arbor.edu},
publisher={INHA University},
issn={12254657},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pac. Focus},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huang2019285,
author={Huang, Y. and Ge, Y. and Liu, X.},
title={Calculation of the geoeconomic relationships between China, the USA and Japan based on Coulomb force model [基于库仑引力模型的中美日地缘经济关系测算]},
journal={Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica},
year={2019},
volume={74},
number={2},
pages={285-296},
doi={10.11821/dlxb201902006},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065470680&doi=10.11821%2fdlxb201902006&partnerID=40&md5=3ecf8132161109665f2c45c0371ec20f},
affiliation={Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China},
abstract={Geoeconomics has become one of the most important factors of international relationship since the end of the Cold War. Different nations have formed competitive or cooperative geoeconomic relationships because of their different natural conditions, resource endowments, and economic structures. Hence, it is important to balance the economic competition and cooperation between nations in the geoeconomic era of heightened economic conflict. This paper aims to explore the rule of competitive or cooperative geoeconomic relationships between nations by taking China, the USA and Japan as examples, and the recent 10 years (2007-2016) as a study period. As the major powers of the Pacific region, the geoeconomic relationships between China, the USA, and Japan have a strong connection with the development of the Pacific region and even the global economy. This paper builds the concept and measurement of geoeconomic cooperative intensity, inspired by the thought of the Coulomb force of physics. Compared with the previous measure, the method of geoeconomic cooperative intensity exactly portrays the degree of competitive or cooperative geoeconomic relationships between nations owing to its consideration of distance factor, production type factor, as well as the import and export volume. The results show that: (1) The geoeconomic relationship as a whole is more competitive than cooperative between China, the USA and Japan, while almost all the separate results are negative between the three nations. And Japan is more competitive with the other two nations than the competition between China and the USA; (2) In terms of the detailed products types, mineral fuels, vehicles, motors and equipment parts, and mechanical equipment generally determine the characteristics of the geoeconomic relationship among three nations, since these products have far greater influence on the geoeconomic relations than other products; (3) The cooperative intensity of oil resource between China, the USA and Japan is the smallest among all the products. In other words, the oil resource is the most influential product. Therefore, the competition of the overseas oil resource will be a decisive factor in the economic competition among China, the USA and Japan. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.},
author_keywords={Competition and cooperation;  Coulomb force model;  Geoeconomic cooperative intensity;  Geoeconomy;  International trade;  Trade categories},
keywords={International trade, Competition and cooperation;  Coulomb forces;  Economic structure;  Geoeconomic cooperative intensity;  Geoeconomy;  Import and export volumes;  Mechanical equipment;  Resource endowments, Petroleum deposits, competition (economics);  cooperative sector;  economic impact;  economic structure;  international trade;  numerical model, China;  Japan;  Pacific County;  United States;  Washington [United States]},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 41871128},
funding_text 1={Major Research Plan of National Social Science Foundation of China, No.16ZDA041; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41871128.},
references={Yin, J., Li, S., Unfair trade wars under the WTO rules: Global anti-dumping case analysis and China strategic choices at the 20th anniversary of WTO (2015) International Economics and Trade Research, 31 (11), pp. 56-72. , [尹继元, 李淑玲. WTO规则下的不公平贸易战: WTO成立20周年之全球反倾销案件分析及中国的策略选择. 国际经贸探索, 2015, 31(11): 56-72.]; An, H., Zheng, W., The connotation of the "Belt and Road Initiative" from the geopolitical perspective: Geo-economy and the construction of a new international economic order (2016) Social Sciences in Nanjing, (4), pp. 5-14. , [安虎森, 郑文光. 地缘政治视角下的"一带一路"战略内涵: 地缘经济与建立全球经济新秩序. 南京社会科学, 2016(4): 5-14.]; Li, J., Peng, B., Wang, Z., (2001) China's Geo-economic Strategies in 21st Century: A Study on the Economic Circle of South China, , [李继东, 彭碧玉, 王忠, 等. 21世纪中国地缘经济战略: 华南经济圈研究. 北京: 中国经济出版社, 2001.] Beijing: China Economic Publishing House; Lu, D., Du, D., Some thoughts on the strengthening of geopolitical and geoeconomic studies (2013) Acta Geographica Sinica, 68 (6), pp. 723-727. , [陆大道, 杜德斌. 关于加强地缘政治地缘经济研究的思考. 地理学报, 2013, 68(6): 723-727.]; Cao, Y., Wen, F., Building the security of China's geo-economy: inspecting China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone from the perspective of geo-economy (2002) Around Southeast Asia, (11), pp. 1-5. , [曹云华, 文峰. 构筑中国的地缘经济安全: 从地缘经济学的角度看中国-东盟自由贸易区. 东南亚纵横, 2002(11): 1-5.]; Inan, S., Geoeconomic policies for regional development: Turkey as a catalyst for Eastern Europe (2005) Ekonomika, 69, pp. 30-45; Essex, J., (2013) Development, Security, and Aid: Geopolitics and Geoeconomics at the U.S, pp. 30-31. , Georgia: University of Georgia Press. Agency for International Development; Sparke, M., Goldberg, M., Levi, M., Excavating the future in Cascadia: Geoeconomics and the imagined geographies of a cross-border region (2000) Bc Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly, (127), pp. 5-44; Ni, S., Qian, X., New geopolitics and the harmonious world (2008) Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 23 (5), pp. 123-130 and 160. , [倪世雄, 潜旭明. 新地缘政治与和谐世界. 清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2008, 23(5): 123-130, 160.]; Luttwak, E.N., (2000) Turbo-Capitalism: Winners and Losers in the Global Economy, , [爱德华•卢特沃克. 涡轮资本主义: 全球经济中的赢家与输家. 北京: 光明日报出版社, 2000.] Beijing: Guangming Daily Press; Luttwak, E.N., From geopolitics to geo-economics: Logic of conflict, grammar of commerce (1990) National Interest, 20 (20), pp. 17-23; Luttwak, E.N., The endangered American dream (1994) Business Book Review Library, 11 (1), p. 1; Ni, S., (2001) Contemporary Theories of Western International Relations, , [倪世雄. 当代西方国际关系理论. 上海: 复旦大学出版社, 2001.] Shanghai: Fudan University Press; Kennedy, P., (1988) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500-2000, , [保罗•肯尼迪. 陈景彪, 译. 大国的兴衰. 北京: 国际文化出版公司, 1988.] Chen Jingbiao, trans. 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Globalization, Regionalization and Cross-Border Regions (2002), London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; Sparke, M., From geopolitics to geoeconomics: Transnational state effects in the borderlands (1998) Geopolitics, 3 (2), pp. 62-98; Smith, A., Imagining geographies of the 'new Europe': Geo-economic power and the new European architecture of integration (2002) Political Geography, 21 (5), pp. 647-670; Lee, S., A geo-economic object or an object of geo-political absorption? Competing visions of North Korea in South Korean politics (2015) Journal of Contemporary Asia, 45 (4), pp. 693-714; O'Hara, S., Heffernan, M., From geo-strategy to geo-economics: The 'Heartland' and British imperialism before and after Mackinder (2006) Geopolitics, 11 (1), pp. 54-73; Wong, J., A China-centric economic order in East Asia (2013) Asia Pacific Business Review, 19 (2), pp. 286-296; Mercille, J., Jones, A., Practicing radical geopolitics: Logics of power and the Iranian nuclear "crisis" (2009) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 99 (5), pp. 856-862; Agnew, J., Corbridge, S., The new geopolitics: The dynamics of geopolitical disorder (1989) The World in "Crisis": Geographical Perspectives, pp. 266-288. , Johnston R, Taylor P. 2nd Ed. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell; Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Luo, H., Research on the theory and method for the measurement and analysis of inter-regional economic relationship: Take Yunnan Province as sample (2006) Areal Research and Development, 25 (4), pp. 34-39. , [张学波, 武友德, 骆华松. 地缘经济关系测度与分析的理论方法探讨: 以云南省为例. 地域研究与开发, 2006, 25(4): 34-39.]; Su, D., Luo, H., Cai, D., Analysis of geo-economic relationships between the region of Southeast Asia and major outside countries (2013) World Regional Studies, 22 (1), pp. 1-11. , [苏东辉, 骆华松, 蔡定昆. 区外大国与东南亚地缘经济关系测度分析. 世界地理研究, 2013, 22(1): 1-11.]; Xu, Q., Analysis of the match between the inter-provincial economic contact and geoeconomics relationship: Take Zhejiang for example (2010) Economic Geography, 30 (4), pp. 542-546. , [徐茜. 省际外联经济量与地缘经济关系的匹配分析: 以浙江省为例. 经济地理, 2010, 30(4): 542-546.]; Sun, H., Liu, X., Yang, L., Analysis on the inter-regional economic relationship between Shandong and Tianjin Binhai new area (2009) Economic Geography, 29 (12), pp. 1972-1976. , [孙海燕, 刘贤赵, 杨玲玲. 山东省与天津滨海新区地缘经济关系分析. 经济地理, 2009, 29(12): 1972-1976.]; Zhao, M., Li, J., Han, R., The geo-economic relationship among the Bohai Rim in provincial scale (2015) Economic Geography, 35 (11), pp. 29-35. , [赵明华, 李娇娇, 韩荣青, 等. 环渤海地区省际地缘经济关系研究. 经济地理, 2015, 35(11): 29-35.]; Deng, C., A matching analysis on the foreign economic contact and geo-economic relationship of the economic circle PRD (2010) Progress in Geography, 29 (2), pp. 208-216. , [邓春玉. 珠三角经济圈对外经济联系与地缘经济关系匹配分析. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(2): 208-216.]; Liu, S., Tian, J., Lu, L., A case study of Shanghai Disneyland on spatial structure forecast for proposed scenic spot market: Modification and its application of gravity model (2016) Acta Geographica Sinica, 71 (2), pp. 304-321. , [刘少湃, 田纪鹏, 陆林. 上海迪士尼在建景区客源市场空间结构预测: 旅游引力模型的修正及应用. 地理学报, 2016, 71(2): 304-321.]; Yang, W., Du, D., Liu, C., Study on the spatial-temporal evolution and internal mechanism of geo-economic connections of China (2016) Acta Geographica Sinica, 71 (6), pp. 956-969. , [杨文龙, 杜德斌, 刘承良, 等. 中国地缘经济联系的时空演化特征及其内部机制. 地理学报, 2016, 71(6): 956-969.]; Deng, X., Cui, F., Lin, Z., Evolution of global trade structure and trade growth: An empirical analysis based on gravity model (2015) Journal of International Trade, (7), pp. 25-34. , [邓兴华, 崔凡, 林洲钰. 全球贸易结构演化与贸易增长: 基于引力模型的实证分析. 国际贸易问题, 2015(7): 25-34.]; ITC Trade Statistics for International Business Development http://www.intracen.org/leatherline-portal/market-trends/trade-statistics/, 2019-01-04; Leng, T., A long-lasting trade war: Comments on the trade friction between America and Japan (1997) Journal of International Trade, (3), pp. 22-25. , [冷滔. 一场旷日持久的贸易战: 试评美日贸易摩擦. 国际贸易问题, 1997(3): 22-25.]; Wang, L., The recall by Toyota Motor Corporation and a new phase of trade war between the US and Japan (2010) Asia & Africa Review, (3), pp. 5-10 and 59. , [王力. 丰田"召回门"与美日贸易战新阶段. 亚非纵横, 2010(3): 5-10, 59.]; Chen, Y., He, X., An internecine ending: Analysis on the vegetable trade friction between China and Japan (2001) Intertrade, (5), pp. 15-17. , [陈永福, 何秀荣. 两伤结局: 中日蔬菜贸易战解析. 国际贸易, 2001(5): 15-17.]; Wang, L., Analysis on the trade war between China and America (2010) Chinese Statistics, (2), p. 41. , [王蕾. 浅析中美贸易战. 中国统计, 2010(2): 41.]; Chen, Z., Gan, R., Complementarity of the trade between China, Japan and Korea and the construction of CJKFTA (2017) Zhejiang Academic Journal, (1), pp. 200-207. , [陈志恒, 甘睿淼. 中日韩贸易互补性与构建"三国自贸区". 浙江学刊, 2017(1): 200-207.]; Liu, D., Possible ways to realize the Asia-Pacific FTA: Based on complementary and competitive trade of economies in the Asia-Pacific region (2016) World Economy Studies, (6), pp. 122-133 and 136. , [刘东旭. 亚太自由贸易区实现路径选择: 基于亚太地区各经济体的贸易互补性和竞争性分析. 世界经济研究, 2016(6): 122-133, 136.]; http://lines.coscoshipping.com/home, [中远海运集装箱运输有限公司. 2017-12-25.] 2017-12-25; BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2017 (2017), British Petrol. London: Pureprint Group; Fischer, M.M., Wang, J., (2011) Spatial Data Analysis: Models, Methods and Techniques, , Heidelberg: Springer; Li, H., Wei, Y., Xu, Q., Progress in geo-economic cooperation research from China's perspective: A case study of the cooperation between China and ASEAN (2015) Tropical Geography, 35 (5), pp. 719-729. , [李红, 韦永贵, 徐全龙. 基于中国视角的地缘经济合作研究进展: 以中国-东盟合作研究为例. 热带地理, 2015, 35(5): 719-729.]},
correspondence_address1={Ge, Y.; Faculty of Geographical Science, China; email: geyj@bnu.edu.cn},
publisher={Science Press},
issn={03755444},
language={Chinese},
abbrev_source_title={Dili Xuebao/Acta Geogr. Sin.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Breslin201921,
author={Breslin, S.},
title={China in 2018: Presidents, politics, and power},
journal={Asian Survey},
year={2019},
volume={59},
number={1},
pages={21-34},
doi={10.1525/as.2019.59.1.21},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077053568&doi=10.1525%2fas.2019.59.1.21&partnerID=40&md5=9a1455d586554d291f57c087740b9edd},
affiliation={University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom},
abstract={President Xi Jinping dominated the Chinese stage during 2018, continuing to consolidate his power as the CCP sought to reassert its primacy. China flexed its muscles as a great power in a pitch for global leadership. Xi pushed constantly to portray China as the promoter of an open global economy, even as his own continued to slow incrementally amid the widening trade war with the US. © 2019 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={China;  Corruption;  Great power;  North Korea;  Trade war;  Xi Jinping},
keywords={global economy;  leadership;  political geography;  political power;  political relations;  trade relations, China;  North Korea;  United States},
references={Zheng, Y., China in 2011: Anger, political consciousness, anxiety, and uncertainty (2012) Asian Survey, 52 (1), pp. 28-41; Jinting, D., The national supervision commission: A new anti-corruption model in China (2018) International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 52, pp. 58-73. , March; Keqiang, L., Report on the Work of the Government: Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on March 5, 2018, , http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/NPC2018_GovtWorkReport_English.pdf; Quarterly Net Assessment: Summer 2018, , https://aspi.gistapp.com/summer-2018/page/overview; http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-10/16/c_137535821.htm, Interview with Shohrat Zakir, chair of the government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinhuanet, October 16, 2018; https://www.theguardian.com/world/xinjiang; Jinping, X., Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in all Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, , http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/download/Xi_Jinping's_report_at_19th_CPC_National_Congress.pdf; Tanner, M.S., China in 2015: China's dream, xi's party (2016) Asian Survey, 56 (1), pp. 19-33; https://yiqinfu.github.io/posts/state-council-reform/; (2018) Provisions on the Administration of Microblog Information Services, , http://www.cac.gov.cn/2018-02/02/c_1122358726.htm, February 2; Ruan, L., (2018) Big Data in China and the Battle for Privacy, , https://www.aspi.org.au/report/big-data-china-and-battle-privacy, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Barton, Australian Capital Territory; Economy, E., Xi Jinping's superpower plans: As the U.S. Retreats, Beijing is talking more boldly about how it wants to change the international order and assert its own values and interests (2018) Wall Street Journal, p. C3. , July 21; Kynge, J., (2018) China Uses Economic Muscle to Bring N Korea to Negotiating Table, , https://www.ft.com/content/8a2b2696-33f7-11e8-ae84-494103e73f7f, March 30; https://www.scmp.com/topics/us-china-trade-war; (2018) Remarks by Vice President Pence on the Administration's Policy Toward China, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-administrations-policy-toward-china/, October 4; http://www.stats.gov.cn; http://mofcom.gov.cn/statistic},
correspondence_address1={Breslin, S.; University of WarwickUnited Kingdom; email: Shaun.Breslin@warwick.ac.uk},
publisher={University of California Press},
issn={00044687},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Surv.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tickner2019153,
author={Tickner, J.A.},
title={Gender Research in International Relations},
journal={Gender and Politics},
year={2019},
pages={153-171},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-75850-3_8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145306175&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-75850-3_8&partnerID=40&md5=d06e5c96e31390496a90df9f25b5fcb4},
affiliation={American University, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={This chapter begins by introducing some of the classic works in IR, a field founded around the time of World War I, demonstrating their masculine bias that is evident in their focus on war and security. Next, the chapter overviews some feminist scholarship that has entered the field in the last twenty-five years and some of the very different issues on which it has focused. It suggests that feminists are using very different methodologies from conventional IR to understand world politics. Feminists claim that we cannot fully understand international politics or the workings of the global economy without a gender analysis. In conclusion, the chapter describes some of the ways in which women’s issues have been introduced onto the agenda of the United Nations © 2019, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={feministsFeminists;  Foreign policyForeign Policy;  Masculine Bias;  Morgenthau;  Peace Processespeace Processes},
references={Vasquez, J., The First World War and International Relations Theory: A Review of Books on the 100th Anniversary (2014) International Studies Review, 16 (4), pp. 623-644; The Political Discourse of Anarchy: A Disciplinary History of International Relations, Albany: State University of New York Press; Robert Vitalis (2015) White World Order (1998) Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Morgenthau, H., (1973) Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, , 5th edn, New York: Alfred Knopf; Waltz, K., (1979) Theory of International Relations, , Reading: Addison Wesley; Tickner, J.A., Hans Morgenthau’s Principles of Political Realism: A Feminist Reformulation (1988) Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17 (3), pp. 429-440; Hartsock, N.C.M., (1983) Money, Sex and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism, p. 210. , Boston: Northeastern University Press; Jan Jindy Pettman (1993) ‘Gendering International Relations’, Australian Journal of International Affairs 47: 47–60. Lucian Ashworth claims that IR feminism can be traced back to the 1920s and 1930s—to certain scholars, such as Emily Balch and Helena Swanwick. See Lucian Ashworth (2011) ‘Feminism, War and the Prospects for Peace: Helena Swanwick and the Lost Feminists of Inter-war International Relations’, International Feminist Journal of Politics 13(1): 24–43. See also J. Ann Tickner and Jacqui True (2017) ‘A Century of International Relations Feminism: From World War One Women’s Peace Pragmatism to the Women, Peace and Security Agenda’, International Studies Quarterly, forthcoming; Spike Peterson, V., Feminist Theories Within, Invisible to (2004) And beyond IR’, Brown Journal of World Affairs, 35, pp. 37-41; Gilpin, R., (1987) The Political Economy of International Relations, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Hartsock, Money, Sex and Power, p. 47; Leave No One Behind: A Call to Action for Gender Equality and Women’s Economic Empowerment (2016) Report, p. 21. , http://www.womenseconomicem-powerment.org/assets/reports/UNWomen%20Full%20Report.pdf, United Nations Secretary General’s , Available at; Ann Tickner, J., (2001) Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post-Cold War Era, p. 81. , New York: Columbia University Press; Enloe, C., (1989) Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, p. 174. , Berkeley: University of California Press; Goldstein, J., (2001) War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Uppsala Conflict Database Program is the Most Complete Account of Battle Deaths by Country, , http://www.ucdp.uu.se/, Available at; True, J., Winning the Battle but Losing the War: A Feminist Perspective on the Declining Global Violence Thesis (2015) International Feminist Journal of Politics, 17, pp. 554-572; Kathleen Kuehnast, Chantal de Jonge Oudraat, and Helga Hernes (eds.) (2011) Women and War: Power and Protection in the Twenty-First Century, Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace, p. 7. See also Jacqui True (2012) The Political Economy of Violence Against Women, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 136; True, The Political Economy of Violence, p. 135; Sjoberg, L., (2006) Gender, Justice, and the Wars in Iraq: A Feminist Reformulation of Just War Theory, pp. 160-161. , Lanham, MD: Lexington Books; Moon, K.H.S., (1997) Sex among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S. Korea Relations, , New York: Columbia University Press; This term was used by Cynthia Enloe in an article in Village Voice to remind us how often this phrase is used, in this case the media talking about the war between the USA and Iraq, to unproblematically lump these essentialised terms together when we talk about protection; Stiehm, J.H., (1983) Women and Men’s Wars, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; Structural violence refers to the types of economic and social insecurities people face when they do not have adequate food, shelter, health care or education. This is more compatible with feminists’ definition of insecurity but peace researchers rarely include gender in their analysis The Concept Structural Violence was Introduced into the Peace Research Literature in 1971 by Norwegian Peace Researcher Johan Galtung; Tickner, Gendering World Politics, p. 60; Tickner, Gendering World Politics, pp. 58-59; Ruddick, S., (1989) Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace, p. 219. , New York: Ballantine Books; Robinson, F., (1999) Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory and International Relations, pp. 46-48. , New York: Westview Press; Porter, E., (2007) Peacebuilding: Women in International Perspective, pp. 43-46. , New York: Routledge; A symposium published in International Studies Quarterly in 1998 was one of the very few examples of engagement. Writing in response to J. Ann Tickner (1997) ‘You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists’, International Studies Quarterly 41(4): 611–632, Robert Keohane challenged feminists to come up with a research programme that used the scientific method; he claimed that only then would they be able to ‘convince nonbelievers of the validity of the message that they are seeking to deliver’ (Robert Keohane [1998] ‘Beyond Dichotomy: Conversations Between International Relations and Feminist Theory’, International Studies Quarterly 42(1): 193–197, pp. 196–197). Keohane is supporting my contention that it is methodological issues that lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication; There is a branch of feminist IR that is quantitative and uses positiv-ist methodologies. See Mary Caprioli (2004) ‘Feminist IR Theory and Quantitative Methods: A Critical Analysis’, International Studies Review 6(2): 253–269. For a discussion of the pros and cons of using this type of methodology for feminist research, see a symposium in Politics and Gender (2009) 5(2). This type of IR feminist research has been more accepted by the mainstream and has appeared more often in mainstream IR journals; Harding, S., Introduction: Is There a Feminist Method? (1987) Feminism and Methodology, p. 9. , in Sandra Harding (ed.), Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Mies, M., Women’s Research or Feminist Research? The Debate Surrounding Feminist Science and Methodology (1991) Beyond Methodology: Feminist Scholarship as Lived Research, p. 64. , in Mary Margaret Fonow and Judith Cook (eds.), Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Charlesworth, H., What Are “Women’s International Human Rights? (1994) Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives, p. 64. , in Rebecca Cooke (ed.), Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; According to an estimate by the Parliamentary Survey of Europe (2009) ‘Sexual Violence Against Women in Armed Conflict’, May. Available at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid= 17743&lang=en; Gendering World Politics, , p. 50; True, ‘Winning the Battle but Losing the War; Bell, C., (2015) Text and Context: Evaluating Peace Agreements for Their Gender Perspective, , Edinburgh: Political Settlements Research Program; Stone, L., Study of 156 Peace Agreements, Controlling for Other Variables, Quantitative Analysis of Women’s Participation in Peace Processes (2015) Reimagining Peacemaking, Annex II, Washington, DC: Institute for International Peace. See also UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace: a Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution, p. 1325. , New York: UN; Paffenholz, T., Ross, N., Dixon, S., Schluchter, A.L., True, J., Making Women Count—Not Just Counting Women (2016) Inclusive Peace and Transition Initiative and UN Women, , New York},
correspondence_address1={Tickner, J.A.; American UniversityUnited States; email: tickner@usc.edu},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26625814},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Gend. Polit.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rasmus201931,
author={Rasmus, J.},
title={Crisis and Restoration of Neoliberal Policy in the USA: 2008–2018},
journal={International Critical Thought},
year={2019},
volume={9},
number={1},
pages={31-63},
doi={10.1080/21598282.2019.1585277},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142535821&doi=10.1080%2f21598282.2019.1585277&partnerID=40&md5=49480b43090df65f7aab216d551950d5},
affiliation={Economics Department and Politics Department, St. Mary’s College, Moraga, United States},
abstract={Throughout the twentieth century, American capitalism has proved strategically flexible and successful at periodically restructuring itself to take advantage of global opportunities that arose due to world wars, economic crises, and technological change and innovation. On three major occasions in the twentieth century, the American capitalist system successfully restructured itself. The first and second restructurings occurred during1912–1917 and 1944–1953, respectively. The third restructuring, beginning after 1978, is often identified with what is called neoliberalism. Neoliberalism underwent a period of crisis as a consequence of the 2008–2009 global financial crash and great recession. Its restoration under Obama failed. Beginning in 2017, a new more aggressive and virulent form of neoliberalism has begun to emerge under Trump. Whether the Trump restoration of a new neoliberalism 2.0 will succeed has yet to be determined. And should it fail, will that failure usher in a transition period in the US and global economy in the 2020s decade that will lead to a fundamentally different US and global economic restructuring after 2020? What lies ahead in the remaining two years of the Trump regime, 2019–2020, will likely answer these questions. © 2019 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.},
author_keywords={American capitalist system;  Crisis;  restoration of neoliberalism;  Trump},
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correspondence_address1={Rasmus, J.; Economics Department and Politics Department, United States; email: jjr2@stmarys-ca.edu},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={21598312},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Critical Thought},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Byrne2019131,
author={Byrne, S. and Thiessen, C.},
title={FOREIGN PEACEBUILDING INTERVENTION AND EMANCIPATORY LOCAL AGENCY FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE},
journal={Routledge Companion to Peace and Confl. Studies},
year={2019},
pages={131-141},
doi={10.4324/9781315182070-11},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128839227&doi=10.4324%2f9781315182070-11&partnerID=40&md5=56557da32ef28d96c281f6c42c7cc9f0},
affiliation={University of Manitoba, Canada; Centre for Trust, Peace, and Social Relations, Coventry University, United Kingdom},
abstract={This chapter describes the manner in which post-war liberal peacebuilding intervention methodologies are struggling to engage with asymmetric power relationships between interveners and domestic counterparts and are serving the maintenance of injustice inside the global status quo of power, control, and wealth. The components of this dominant peacebuilding architecture are underpinned by international donors and foundations, which enact global policy and the interests of wealthy nations through networks of implementing UN agencies, Intergovernmental Organizations, militaries, non-governmental organizations, and other civil society organizations. Few scholars have taken the leap and called for abandoning the liberal peacebuilding project, but have rather explored potential reforms to peacebuiding methodology. Civil society organizations are a component of a state’s internal affairs. The sustainable pathway to peace requires meaningful inclusion from non-state civil society voluntary actors. Thus, the challenge ahead for international peacebuilding leaders is to chart a sustainable global economy that lessens North-South conflict and promotes just relationships. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Sean Byrne, Thomas Matyók, Imani Michelle Scott, and Jessica Senehi; individual chapters, the contributors.},
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(1945); Özerdem, A., Lee, S.Y., (2016) International Peacebuilding: An Introduction, , Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Özerdem, A., Thiessen, C., Qassoum, M., (2017) Conflict Transformation and the Palestinians: The Dynamics of Peace and Justice under Occupation, , Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Paffenholz, T., (2010) Civil Society and Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Palys, T.S., Atchison, C., (2008) Research Decisions: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives, , Toronto, ON: Thomson Nelson; Paris, R., (2004) At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Paris, R., Saving liberal peacebuilding (2010) Review of International Studies, 36, pp. 337-365; Pugh, M., Local agency and political economies of peacebuilding (2011) Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 11, pp. 308-320; Pugh, M., (2000) Regeneration of War-Torn Societies, , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Richmond, O.P., A geneology of peace and conflict theory (2010) Palgrave Advances in Peacebuilding: Critical Develoments and Approaches, pp. 14-41. , O. P. Richmond (Ed.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Richmond, O.P., (2010) Palgrave Advances in Peacebuilding: Critical Developments and Approaches, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Richmond, O.P., (2011) A Post-Liberal Peace, , Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Richmond, O.P., (2014) Failed Statebuilding Intervention, the State, and the Dynamics of Peace Formation, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Richmond, O.P., (2014) Peace: A Very Short Introduction, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Richmond, O.P., Franks, J., Liberal hubris? Virtual peace in Cambodia (2007) Security Dialogue, 38, pp. 27-48; Richmond, O.P., Pogodda, S., (2016) Post-Liberal Peace Transitions: Between Peace Formation and State Formation, , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; Ross, R., (2014) Indigenous Healing: Exploring Traditional Paths, , Toronto, ON: Penguin; Scott, J., (2014) Two Cheers for Anarchism: Six Easy Pieces on Autonomy, Dignity, and Meaningful Work and Play, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Senehi, J., Building peace: Storytelling to transform conflicts constructively (2010) The Handbook of Conflict Analysis and Resolution, pp. 201-223. , S. Byrne, D. J. D. Sandole, I. Staroste-Sandole, and J. Senehi (Eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Senehi, J., Our tree of life in the field: Locating ourselves in the peace and conflict studies field through the tree of life experience (2015) Peace Research: Canadian Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 47 (1-2), pp. 10-28; Sharp, G., (2012) From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation, , Boston, MA: New Press; Skarlato, O., Byrne, S., Ahmed, K., Hyde, J.M., Karari, P., Grassroots peacebuilding in Northern Ireland and the border counties: Elements of an effective model (2013) Peace and Conflict Studies, 20, pp. 4-26; Tadjbakhsh, S., Conflicted outcomes and values: (neo)liberal peace in Central Asia and Afghanistan (2009) International Peacekeeping, 16, pp. 635-651; Tadjbakhsh, S., Human security and the legitimisation of peacebuilding (2010) Palgrave Advances in Peacebuilding: Critical evelopments and Approaches, pp. 116-137. , O. P. Richmond (Ed.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Thiessen, C., Emancipatory peacebuilding: Critical responses to (neo)liberal trends (2011) Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies, pp. 115-143. , T. Matyók, J. Senehi, and S. Byrne (Eds.), Lanham, MD: Lexington Books; Thiessen, C., (2014) Local Ownership of Peacebuilding in Afghanistan: Shouldering Responsibility for Sustainable Peace and Development, , Lanham, MD: Lexington Books; Thiessen, C., The dilemmas of local ownership of upper-level and grassroots peace processes in Afghanistan (2015) Local Ownership in International Peacebuilding: Key Theoretical and Practical Issues, pp. 95-116. , S. Lee and A. Ozerdem (Eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Thiessen, C., The evolution of conflict transformation theory and practice in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory (2017) Conflict Transformation and the Palestinians: The Dynamics of Peace and justice under Occupation, pp. 3-20. , A. Özerdem, C. Thiessen, and M. Qassoum (Eds.), Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Thiessen, C., Byrne, S., Proceed with caution: Research production and uptake in conflict-affected countries (2017) Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 13 (1), pp. 1-15; Westlund, S., (2014) Field Exercises: How Veterans are Healing Themselves through Farming and Outdoor Activities, , Vancouver, BC: New Society Publishers; Williams, A., Reconstruction: The missing historical link (2010) Palgrave Advances in Peacebuilding: Critical Developments and Approaches, pp. 58-74. , O. P. Richmond (Ed.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Wilson, J., (2014) Jeffrey Sachs: The Strange Case of Dr. Shock and Mr. Aid, , London: Verso Books},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351724098; 9781315182070},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Routledge Companion to Peace and Confl. Studies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Donzé2019424,
author={Donzé, P.-Y. and Pouillard, V.},
title={Luxury},
journal={The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business},
year={2019},
pages={424-437},
doi={10.4324/9781315277813-31},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125412104&doi=10.4324%2f9781315277813-31&partnerID=40&md5=523935a22a56f5dada495d6f9516ce1b},
affiliation={Osaka University, Japan; University of Oslo, Norway},
abstract={This chapter focuses on actual threats, the risks of those threats, and the actors’ perceptions and expectations of those risks, threats, and opportunities. Political risk not only affects the profitability and competitiveness of the firm, but may also become an existential threat to the corporate assets, life, and property of managers, employees, and shareholders. In the era of the first global economy preceding the First World War, political risk and nationalism were far from being the major obstacles facing modern businesses in crossing borders. Colonization extended the legal systems and governance structures of the home countries to various parts of the world, reducing the risks involved in foreign direct investment. The era spanning from the 1930s to 1940s was one in which international business was exposed to the most serious political and geopolitical risks so far. An ‘absorption’ strategy was used to internalize the source of political risk within the firm. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Pierre-Yves Donzé and Véronique Pouillard.},
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(2009/2017), “Christian Dior: A New Look for Haute Couture”, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School; Judah, H., Pouillard, V., (2009) Delvaux: 180 Years of Belgian Luxury, , Brussels: Lannoo Publishers; Kapferer, J.-N., Bastien, V., (2009) The Luxury Strategy: Break the Rules of Marketing to Build Luxury Brands, , London and Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page; Kuldova, T., (2016) Luxury Indian Fashion: A Social Critique, , London: Bloomsbury; Leach, W., (1993) Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture, , New York: Vintage; Lopes, T.S., (2007) Global Brands: The Evolution of Multinationals in Alcoholic Beverages, , New York: Cambridge University Press; (2000) Annual report; McCracken, G., Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process (1989) Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (3), pp. 310-321; Marseille, J., (2009) L’Oréal, 1909-2009, , Paris: Perrin; Martin, M., (1992) Trois siècles de publicité en France, , Paris: Odile Jacob; Merlo, E., Polese, F., Turning fashion into business: The emergence of Milan as an international fashion hub (2006) Business History Review, 80 (3), pp. 415-447; Miller, M.B., (1981) The Bon Marché: Bourgeois Culture and the Department Store, 1869-1920, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Moore, C.M., Birtwistle, G., The nature of parenting advantage in luxury fashion retailing: The case of Gucci group NV (2005) International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 33 (4), pp. 256-270; Moore, C.M., Doherty, A.M., Doyle, S.A., Flagship stores as a market entry method: The perspective of luxury fashion retailing (2010) European Journal of Marketing, 44 (1-2), pp. 139-161; Nia, A., Lynne Zaichkowsky, J., Do counterfeits devalue the ownership of luxury brands? (2000) Journal of Product and Brand Management, 9 (7), pp. 485-497; Nueno, J.L., Quelch, J.S., The mass marketing of luxury (1998) Business Horizons, 41 (6), pp. 61-68; Okawa, T., Licensing practices at Maison Christian Dior (2007) Producing Fashion: Culture, Commerce, and Consumers, pp. 82-107. , R. Blaszczyk ed., Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania University Press; Palmer, A., (2009) Dior: A New Look, A New Enterprise (1947-57), , London: Victoria and Albert Museum Publishing; Palmer, A., Clarke, H., (2004) Old Clothes New Looks: Second Hand Fashion, , London: Berg; Phillips, C., (2006) Bejewelled by Tiffany 1837-1987, , Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago; Pouillard, V., Design piracy in the fashion industries of Paris and New York in the interwar years (2011) Business History Review, 85 (2), pp. 319-344; Pouillard, V., Keeping designs and brands authentic: The resurgence of the post-war French fashion business under the challenge of US mass production (2013) European Review of History, 20 (5), pp. 815-835; Pouillard, V., The rise of fashion forecasting and fashion public relations, 1920-1940: The history of Tobé and Bernays (2013) Globalizing Beauty: Body Aesthetics in the Twentieth Century, pp. 151-169. , T. Kuehne and H. Berghoff eds, New York: Palgrave; Pouillard, V., Managing fashion creativity: The history of the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne during the interwar period (2015) Investigaciones de Historia Economica/Economic History Research, 12 (2), pp. 76-89; Pouillard, V., A woman in international entrepreneurship: The case of Jeanne Paquin (2016) Entreprenørskap i næringsliv og politikk: Festskrift til Even Lange, pp. 189-210. , K. Sogner, E. Lie, and H. B. Aven eds., Oslo: Novus Forlag; Richon, M., (1998) Omega Saga, , Bienne: Omega SA; Roberts, A., Arnault’s LVMH to relinquish $7, 5 billion Hermes stake (2014) Bloomberg, , www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-09-03/lvmh-plans-to-distribute-hermesshares-to-investors-this-year, 3 September. Retrieved from, accessed 5 January 2017; Rouzaud, C.A., (1946) Un problème d’intérêt national: Les industries du luxe, , Thèse pour le doctorat d’Etat, Strasbourg: Librairie du recueil Sirey; Scranton, P., (1997) Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization, 1865-1925, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Silverstein, M.J., Fiske, N., (2008) Trading Up: Why Consumers want New Luxury Goods -And How Companies Create Them, , New York: Portfolio; Simmel, G., Fashion (1904) American Journal of Sociology, 62 (6), pp. 541-558; Simpson, J., (2011) Creating Wine: The Emergence of a World Industry, 1840-1914, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Subramanyam, S., (1990) Merchants, Markets, and the State in Early Modern India, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Thomas, D., (2007) Deluxe: How Luxury Lost its Luster, , London: Penguin; Tokatli, N., Global sourcing: Insights from the global clothing industry -the case of Zara, a fast fashion retailer (2008) Journal of Economic Geography, 8 (1), pp. 21-38; Troy, N.J., (2003) Couture Culture: A Study in Modern Art and Fashion, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Truong, Y., McColl, R., Kitchen, P.J., New luxury brand positioning and the emergence of masstige brands (2009) Journal of Brand Management, 16 (5), pp. 375-382; Veblen, T., (1899) The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions, , New York: Macmillan},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781315277806},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Bus.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Nephew201993,
author={Nephew, R.},
title={Implementation of sanctions: United States},
journal={Economic Sanctions in International Law and Practice},
year={2019},
pages={93-115},
doi={10.4324/9780429052989-6},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118007575&doi=10.4324%2f9780429052989-6&partnerID=40&md5=50759742ec087a087131cd2337a46750},
affiliation={Columbia University’s Center, Global Energy Policy, United States},
abstract={The United States has used sanctions as a tool for foreign policy many times over the past two hundred years. But, the use of sanctions has expanded and expectations for their success have risen in the past thirty years, particularly after the collapse of the Soviet Union and birth of the unipolar moment. Many different elements of the U.S. government have responsibilities for the design, implementation, and enforcement of sanctions, creating a series of overlapping authorities that are mutually-reinforcing, if highly complex. But, given the attachment to sanctions in U.S. policy-making - particularly as a means of building diplomatic leverage without the need to resort to the use of force - it is essential to understand how they are created and managed. The main challenge to sanctions in the future lies in their overuse, particularly where strategic considerations ought to prompt evaluation of other tools and in the multi-polarization of the global economy. In a different global environment than that of the post-Cold War, US sanctions policy will need to become more agile, more adaptive, and more nimble in order to remain not only a tool of interest but also a tool of value. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Masahiko Asada.},
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(1924) The Covenant of the League of Nations, , http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp#art16, available at; Record, J., (2009) Japan’s Decision for War in 1941: Some Enduring Lessons, , http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pdffiles/pub905.pdf, available at; Frequently Asked Questions, , www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Sanctions/Pages/faq_general.aspx, available at; Hufbauer, D.G.C., Schott, J.J., Elliott, K.A., Oegg, B., (2007) Economic Sanctions Reconsidered, , 3rd ed; Hoffman, D., Reagan Vetoes Sanctions Against South Africa (1986) Washington Post, , www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/09/27/reagan-vetoes-sanctions-against-south-africa/af009ab1-2ed2-4e72-ab46-52fc2ec2d7e6/?utm_term=.f4e27548db7b, September 27, available at; Nephew, R., Mortlock, D., Decertification of the JCPOA and the Risk of European Union ‘Blocking Regulations’ (2017) Center on Global Energy Policy, , http://energypolicy.columbia.edu/research/commentary/decertification-jcpoa-and-risk-european-union-blocking-regulations, October 31, available at; Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, , www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/isa_1996.pdf, available at; Chapter 35, , www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/chapter-35, available at; Chapter 12, , www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/chapter-12, available at; Appendix, Chapter 106, 40 STAT. 411, , www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/USCODE-2011-title50/USCODE-2011-title50-app-tradingwi-other, available at; Fergusson, I., The Export Administration Act: Evolution, Provisions and Debate (2009) Congressional Research Service, , https://fas.org/sgp/crs/secrecy/RL31832.pdf, July 15, available at; Chapter 39, , www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/chapter-39, available at; www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1191/text, available at; www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3364/text, available at; Best, R.A., Jr., The National Security Council: An Organization Assessment (2011) Congressional Research Service, , https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL30840.pdf, December 28, available at; Zarate, J.C., (2013) Treasury’s War: The Unleashing of a New Era of Financial Warfare; Lague, D., Greenlees, D., Squeeze on Banco Delta Asia Hit North Korea Where It Hurt (2007) International Herald Tribune, , www.nytimes.com/2007/01/18/world/asia/18iht-north.4255039.html, January 18, available at; (2016) Statistical Analysis of US Trade With the World, , www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/technology-evaluation/ote-dataportal/country-analysis/2072-2016-statistical-analysis-of-u-s-trade-with-the-worldpdf/file, available at; 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, , www.state.gov/documents/organization/153108.pdf, available at; Gramer, R., de Luce, D., State Department Scraps Sanctions Office (2017) Foreign Policy, , http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/26/state-department-scraps-sanctions-office/, October 26, available at; Overview of US Export Control System, , www.state.gov/strategictrade/overview/, available at; Civil Penalties and Enforcement Information, , www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/CivPen/Pages/civpen-index2.aspx, available at; (2009) US Federal Register Notice, 74 (215). , www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/fr74_57593.pdf, November 9, available at; Protess, B., Silver-Greenberg, J., BNP Paribas Admits Guilt and Agrees to Pay $8.9 Billion Fine to US (2014) New York Times, , https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/06/30/bnp-paribas-pleads-guilty-in-sanctions-case/, June 30, available at; (2014) Settlement Agreement Between OFAC and BNP Paribas, COMPL-2013-193659, , www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/CivPen/Documents/20140630_bnp_settlement.pdf, June 30, available at; Torbati, Y., Scheyder, E., Exxon Sues US Over Fine Levied for Russia Deal Under Tillerson (2017) Reuters, , www.reuters.com/article/us-exxon-mobil-usa-ukraine/exxon-sues-u-s-over-fine-levied-for-russiadeal-under-tillerson-idUSKBN1A51UH, July 20, available at; Messina, W.A., Jr., Brown, R.N., Ross, J.E., Alvarez, J., Cuban Non-sugarcane Agricultural Trade Patterns: Historical Perspectives and Future Prospects (1997) ASCE, , www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v07-messina.pdf, available at; Young, R., Ike Slashes Cuban Sugar Subsidies (1960) Chicago Tribune, , http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/07/07/page/33/article/ike-slashes-cuban-sugar-quota, July 7, available at; Groombridge, M., Missing the Target: The Failure of the Helms-Burton Act (2001) CATO Institute, , http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/tbp-012.pdf, June 5, available at; Man, A., With Trump About to Set Cuba Policy, Poll Shows Voters Like Obama’s Liberalization of US Policy Toward Cuba (2017) Sun Sentinel, , www.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/fl-reg-cuba-poll-trump-20170612-story.html, June 12, available at; Rubio, M., Obama’s Faustian Bargain With Cuba (2015) New York Times, , www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/opinion/marco-rubio-obamas-faustianbargain-with-cuba.html, July 8, available at; Albert, E., What to Know About the Sanctions on North Korea (2018) Council on Foreign Relations, , www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-sanctions-north-korea, January 3, available at; Berger, A., Cotton, S., Walls and Ladders: The Latest UN Panel of Experts Report on North Korea Sanctions (2018) War on the Rocks, , https://warontherocks.com/2018/03/walls-and-ladders-the-latest-un-panelof-experts-report-on-north-korea-sanctions/, March 28, available at; Friedman, U., The World According to H. R. McMaster (2018) Atlantic, , www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/01/hr-mcmaster-trumpnorth-korea/549341/, January 9, available at; Kalb, M., What Does Vladimir Putin Fear? His Own People (2017) Time, , http://time.com/5039688/vladimir-putin-fears-own-people/, November 28, available at; Nephew, R., Issue Brief: Revisiting Oil Sanctions on Russia (2015) Center on Global Energy Policy, , http://energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/Issue%20Brief_Revisiting%20Oil%20Sanctions%20on%20Russia_Nephew_July%202015.pdf, July, available at; (2018) DETER Act Draft, , www.rubio.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/1467ea7c-ca91-45a6-be41-f5043d4bce88/BCFC8F63C1D-8049CF5593DEB32703C2C.hen18060revised.pdf, January 16, available at; Lew, J.J., Nephew, R., The Use and Misuse of Economic Statecraft (2018) Foreign Affairs, , https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-10-15/use-and-misuse-economic-statecraft, November/December, available at},
correspondence_address1={Nephew, R.; Columbia University’s Center, United States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429629655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Economic Sanctions in International Law and Practice},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuznetsov201950,
author={Kuznetsov, A.V.},
title={Disintegration of the world trade system: Reasons and consequences},
journal={Finance: Theory and Practice},
year={2019},
volume={23},
number={5},
pages={50-61},
doi={10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-5-50-61},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105075485&doi=10.26794%2f2587-5671-2019-23-5-50-61&partnerID=40&md5=b0c3bbecd0536618273d8192e67477f8},
affiliation={Department of world economy and world fi nance, Financial University, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={The article presents the study results of the world trade stagnation issues associated with the WTO systemic crisis. The aim of the article is to summarize the main reasons for the world trade system disintegration and to identify feasible directions for the world economic order transformation. The G20 trade-restricting measures were analyzed based on the statistical databases of the WTO and the non-governmental organization Global Trade Alert (GTA). The views of leading domestic and foreign experts on the consequences of liberalization of the world trade in goods and services were summarized. The author systematized the reasons for the world trade system disintegration, including: The US anti-globalization policy aimed at containing the PRC; counteracting unipolar globalization by the Southeast Asian nations; developed countries' rejecting the growing participation of developing countries in redistributing global resources; inefficiency of international organizations in solving problems of global imbalances, inequality and instability of the global financial system. Structuring disintegration processes revealed its main trends: Protectionism, regionalism, trans-regionalism. There were shown mechanisms to keep the US in the European Union due to companies providing professional services to European business. The author evaluated Russia and China's competitive advantages in the production chains of the new technological structure. The areas of cooperation between Russia and the BRICS countries for realizing export potential in agriculture, aviation and nuclear industries were determined. The prospects for trade and economic relations in Eurasia are discussed in terms of changing the economic paradigm and shifting the regulation of the global economy problems to the regional level. © 2018 Finance: Theory and Practice. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Anti-Russian sanctions;  BRICS supranational institutions;  Change of economic order;  Global imbalances;  Protectionism;  Regionalism;  Trade wars;  Transregionalism;  World trading system;  WTO crisis},
references={Haass, R., A world in disarray: American foreign policy and the crisis of the old order (2019) Transl. from Eng, p. 320. , Moscow: AST Publ.; (In Russ); Zagashvili, V. S., WTO crisis as a manifestation of globalization crisis (2019) Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya = World Economy and International Relations, 63 (6), pp. 5-12. , (In Russ); Stiglitz, J. E., Trump and globalization (2018) Journal of Policy Modeling, 40 (3), pp. 515-528; Patomäki, H., (2001) Democratising globalisation: The leverage of the Tobin tax, p. 259. , London: Zed Books Ltd; Eichengreen, B. J., (2006) Global imbalances and the lessons of Bretton Woods, p. 200. , Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; Stiglitz, J. E., (2012) The price of inequality: How today's divided society endangers our future, p. 448. , New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co; Mundell, R., The shift from G7 to G20 increased swings in major exchange rates and worsened their options (2013) Journal of Policy Modeling, 35 (3), pp. 412-415; Temin, P., Vines, D., (2015) The leaderless economy. Why the world economic system fell apart and how to fix it, p. 464. , Transl. from Eng. Moscow: Gaidar Institute Publ.; (In Russ); Urry, J., (2014) Offshoring, p. 222. , Malden, MA: Polity Press; Gilman, M., Divergent performance and shifting alliances in a deglobalizing world (2018) Vestnik mezhdunarodnykh organizatsii: Obrazovanie, nauka, novaya ekonomika = International Organizations Research Journal, 13 (2), pp. 7-15. , (In Russ. and Eng); Yuitsai, Ts., Ch, Gupin, Veidun, L., (2017) Transl. from Chin, p. 279. , One belt and one road: Comments, Moscow: Shans; (In Russ); Novikov, D., Development of multilateral economic institutions in Greater Eurasia: Problems, prospects and implications for Russia (2018) Vestnik mezhdunarodnykh organizatsii: Obrazovanie, nauka, novaya ekonomika = International Organizations Research Journal, 13 (3), pp. 82-96. , (In Russ. and Eng); Garred, J., The persistence of trade policy in China after WTO accession (2018) Journal of International Economics, 114, pp. 130-142; King, S. D., (2015) Transl. from Eng, p. 336. , Losing control: The emerging threats to Western prosperity, New Haven, London: Yale University Press; (In Russ); Bulatov, A. S., (2019) Prospects for economic globalization, p. 666. , ed. Moscow: KNORUS Publ.; (In Russ); Charter, D., (2016) Europe: In or out? Everything you need to know, p. 288. , London: Biteback Publishing; Kazantsev, S. V., Anti-Russian sanctions: Damage to the countries that declared them (2019) Mir novoi ekonomiki = The World of New Economy, 13 (2), pp. 43-54. , (In Russ); Kazantsev, S. V., Evaluation of the sanctions impact on sanctioning countries' trade with Russia (2019) Finance: Theory and Practice, 23 (3), pp. 6-15. , (In Russ); Bertoldi, M., The European Union in the crisis of the postwar economic order (2019) Journal of Policy Modeling, 41 (3), pp. 507-521; Fedorovich, V. A., Muravnik, V. B., Bochkarev, O. I., (2013) USA: Military economy (organization and management), p. 616. , Moscow: International Relations Publ.; (In Russ); Glaz'ev, S. Yu, (2017) The battle for leadership in the 21st century. Russia-USA-China. Seven choices for the foreseeable future, p. 352. , Moscow: Knizhnyi mir Publ.; (In Russ)},
correspondence_address1={Kuznetsov, A.V.; Department of world economy and world fi nance, Russian Federation; email: kuznetsov0572@mail.ru},
publisher={Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation},
issn={25875671},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fin. Theory Pract.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yanagisawa2019357,
author={Yanagisawa, K.},
title={The North Korea–United States Summit and Possibilities for New Security-Oriented Thinking},
journal={Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament},
year={2019},
volume={2},
number={1},
pages={357-369},
doi={10.1080/25751654.2019.1592708},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104509807&doi=10.1080%2f25751654.2019.1592708&partnerID=40&md5=ca3e9d638513678f73dc3cbb9be0a05b},
affiliation={Former Assistant Chief Cabinet Secretary, Prime Minister's office, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, the first in PSNA Working Paper Series, the author demonstrates that we are now entering an era when nuclear deterrence as a security measure is ineffective, by taking an example of the issue of North Korea’s denuclearization talks. Unlike in the Cold War era, the international society has become more interconnected, and each country’s economy is dependent on that of other countries. Destroying another nation through war is now the equivalent of destroying part of one’s own economic foundation. The current concern, therefore, is not the physical destruction of the world due to nuclear retaliation by the United States or China, but rather “mutually assured economic destruction” in which the global economy becomes dysfunctional. However, even if it is now apparent that a war option is not viable, Japan still sticks to US extended nuclear deterrence. The author examines why and how disadvantageous it is for Japan to continue to rely on nuclear deterrence to defend against the threat of North Korea. If it is possible to eliminate North Korea’s nuclear program through negotiation and giving incentives, it would demonstrate that an approach other than deterrence could be successful. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the Nagasaki University.},
author_keywords={Japan;  missile;  North Korea–United States summit;  nuclear deterrence;  security;  United States},
references={(2018) National Defense Program Outline for FY 2019 and Beyond, , http://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/agenda/guideline/2019/pdf/20181218_e.pdf, Tokyo: Japan Ministry of Defense},
correspondence_address1={Yanagisawa, K.; Former Assistant Chief Cabinet Secretary, Japan; email: kyanagisawa09@gmail.com},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={25751654},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Peace Nuclear Disarm.},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Evans201947,
author={Evans, O.},
title={The effects of the US-China trade war and trumponomics},
journal={Forum Scientiae Oeconomia},
year={2019},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={47-55},
doi={10.23762/FSO_VOL7_NO1_3},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087851029&doi=10.23762%2fFSO_VOL7_NO1_3&partnerID=40&md5=70d3024083f0467111a931472759ccb4},
affiliation={School of Management and Social Sciences, Pan Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria},
abstract={Trumponomics describes the economic policies of U.S. President Donald Trump and has an “America-first” approach. The Trump administration risks creating a more fragmented global economy, and has started the biggest global trade war to date. The various sides are still on tenterhooks and threatening to impose additional tariffs worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Using deadweight loss (also known as excess burden or allocative inefficiency) and Harberger’s triangle, this study shows that the trade war is devastating not just for the US and China, but for the entire global economy: (i) the prices of items that directly affect consumers’ welfare will rise; (ii) firms will face extra costs for exports; (iii) investors will become more nervous; (iv) some investors will diversify into Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies; (v) the trade war could turn into a currency war; (vi) even developed countries could be hit by the trade war; and (vii) tariffs applied on developing countries’ exports would rise steeply. In a trade war, everyone may lose. © 2019, WSB University. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Brexit;  Consumers;  Cryptocurrency;  Stocks;  Trumponomics;  US-China trade war},
references={Abboushi, S., Trade protectionism: Reasons and outcomes (2010) Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 20 (5), pp. 384-394; Alden, E., Trump: Reckless free trader or genuine protectionist? (2018) Intereconomics, 53 (4), pp. 239-240; Biswas, A.K., Sengupta, S., Corrupt importers, domestic producers & welfare: Role of trade policy (2015) Economics & Politics, 27 (3), pp. 459-487; Blinder, A.S., Financial entropy and the optimality of over-regulation (2016) The new international financial system: Analyzing the cumulative impact of regulatory reform, pp. 3-35. , D.D. Evanoff, A.G. Haldane, G.G. Kaufman (Eds), Singapore: World Scientific; Chen, B., Ma, H., Trade restrictiveness and deadweight loss in China’s imports (2012) Frontiers of Economics in China, 7 (3), pp. 478-494; Chow, D.C.K., Can the United States impose trade sanctions on china for currency manipulation? (2017) Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 16 (2), pp. 295-328; Costinot, A., Jobs, jobs, jobs: A “new” perspective on protectionism (2009) Journal of the European Economic Association, 7 (5), pp. 1011-1041. , https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.5.1011; Coughlin, C.C., Measuring international trade policy: a primer on trade restrictiveness indices (2010) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 92 (5), pp. 381-394; Coughlin, C.C., Chrystal, K.A., Wood, G. E., Protectionist trade policies: A survey of theory, evidence, and rationale (2000) International political economy: perspectives on global power and wealth, pp. 308-317. , J.A.Frieden (Ed), London: Routledge; Dixon, P.B., Rimmer, M.T., Optimal tariffs: should Australia cut automotive tariffs unilaterally? (2010) Economic Record, 86 (273), pp. 143-161. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2009.00599.x; Draper, T., (2017) American business and public policy: The politics of foreign trade, , London: Routledge; Feldstein, M., Tax avoidance and the deadweight loss of the income tax (1999) Review of Economics and Statistics, 81 (4), pp. 674-680. , https://doi.org/10.1162/003465399558391; Findlay, R.M., (2017) Britain under protection: An examination of the government’s protectionist policy, , London: Routledge; Fletcher, I., Why the theory of comparative advantage is wrong (2011) International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, 2 (4), pp. 421-429; Fong, G.R., (2017) Export dependence versus the new protectionism: constraints on trade policy in the industrial world, , London: Routledge; George, H., (2017) Protection or free trade: an examination of the tariff question, with especial regard to the interests of labour, , London: Routledge; Ghosh, J., Trumponomics and the developing world. New agenda (2017) South African Journal of Social and Economic Policy, 2017 (67), pp. 42-46; Harberger, A.C., Just, R., A conversation with Arnold Harberger (2012) Annual Review of Resource Economics, 4 (1), pp. 1-26. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-043012-101557; Hsiang, A.C., Power transition: The US vs. China in Latin America (2016) Journal of China and International Relations, , ht-tps://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jcir.v4i2.1589; Hughes, N. C., A trade war with China? (2005) Foreign Affairs, 84 (4), pp. 94-106; Irwin, D.A., Trade restrictiveness and deadweight losses from US tar-iffs (2010) American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2 (3), pp. 111-133; Irwin, D.A., (2017) Peddling protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the great depression, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Jakupec, V., Trumponomics: From foreign trade to foreign aid (2017) Leibniz Online, 25, pp. 1-12; Jakupec, V., (2018) Development aid – populism and the end of the neoliberal agenda, , Berlin: Springer; Krugman, P., And the trade war came (2016) New York Times, , 26 December 2016; Lee, C.E., Schwartz, F., US competes with China for influence in Cuba (2016) The Wall Street Journal, , 18 March 2016; Locke, R.R., Trumponomics, firm governance and US prosperity (2017) Real-world Economics Review, 79, pp. 120-135; Korniyenko, M.Y., Pinat, M., Dew, B., (2017) Assessing the fragility of global trade: The impact of localized supply shocks using network analysis, , Washington: International Monetary Fund; Magee, C.S., Why are trade barriers so low? (2011) Economic Affairs, 31 (3), pp. 12-17; Ojo, M., (2016) Free trade and trade protectionism: US-China relations and Post Brexit impact on UK-China relations, , The Institute for Business and Finance Research, LLC; Oliver, T., Williams, M.J., Special relationships in flux: Brexit and the future of the US–EU and US–UK relationships (2016) International Affairs, 92 (3), pp. 547-567. , ht-tps://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12606; Manners-Bell, J., (2017) Supply chain risk management: Understanding emerging threats to global supply chains, , London: Kogan Page Publishers; Pabst, A., Brexit, post-liberalism, and the politics of paradox (2016) Telos, 176 (2016), pp. 189-201. , https://doi.org/10.3817/0916176189; Perelman, M., Retrospectives: X-efficiency (2011) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25 (4), pp. 211-222; Porcher, S., Efficiency and equity in two-part tariffs: The case of residential water rates (2014) Applied Economics, 46 (5), pp. 539-555. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.857001; Rösl, G., Tödter, K.H., The financial repression policy of the European central bank: interest income and welfare losses for German savers (2017) IFO DICE Report, 15 (1), pp. 5-8; Ruccio, D.F., Class and Trumponomics (2017) Real-World Economics Review, 78, pp. 62-85; Rugman, A., Multinational enterprises from emerging markets (2016) Securing the Global Economy, pp. 81-100. , London: Routledge; Rugman, A.M., Li, J., Will China’s multinationals succeed globally or regionally? (2007) European Management Journal, 25 (5), pp. 333-343. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.07.005; Sřrensen, P.B., (2011) Measuring the deadweight loss from taxation in a small open economy. A general method with an application to Sweden, , 2011-03), EPRU Working Paper Series; Spulber, D.F., Public prizes versus market prices: Should contents replace patents (2015) Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, 97 (4), pp. 690-735; Tobin, J., How dead is Keynes? (1977) Economic Inquiry, 15 (4), pp. 459-468; Vashneya, U., Gupta, S., Economic reforms concept and strategy (2017) Journal of Management Science, Operations & Strategies, 1 (1), pp. 1-4; Wang, Q., Chen, X., China’s electricity market-oriented reform: from an absolute to a relative monopoly (2012) Energy Policy, 51, pp. 143-148. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.08.039; Weingast, B.R., (2018) War, trade, and mercantilism: Reconciling Adam Smith’s three theories of the British Empire, , Department of Political Science, Stanford University; Zissimos, B., A theory of trade policy under dictatorship and democratization (2017) Journal of International Economics, 109, pp. 85-101. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2017.08.007; Zoellick, R., If Trump really knows the art of the deal, he’ll embrace free trade (2017) The Washington Post, , 5 January 2017},
correspondence_address1={Evans, O.; School of Management and Social Sciences, Nigeria; email: oevans@pau.edu.ng},
publisher={WSB University},
issn={23005947},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Forum Scientiae Oeconomia},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{CyrusChu2019895,
author={Cyrus Chu, C.Y. and Lee, P.-C.},
title={Three changes not foreseen by WTO rules framers twenty-five years ago},
journal={Journal of World Trade},
year={2019},
volume={53},
number={6},
pages={895-922},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086244368&partnerID=40&md5=2555d395af94b3c92ec636102f977c3c},
affiliation={Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Taiwan},
abstract={We argue that three structural changes to the global trading economy not foreseen by the original WTO rules framers have rendered existing WTO rules outdated, and partially contributed to the US–China trade war. The first change is the prevalence of the Internet. The lack of relevant WTO rules in this field allows authoritarian countries to exercise control over Internet access, create cyberspace trade barriers, and abuse locally collected data. The second change is the emergence of the property of ‘increasing returns’ in the knowledge-based industries. The early front-runner in a hi-tech industry today is most likely to establish an invincible position tomorrow. Governments thus have motives to subsidize not-yet-existing industries to help them compete for the front-runner position. China’s Made in China 2025 project may be one example. WTO existing subsidy rules are incapable of regulating effectively. The third change is the emergence of large previously communist economies, where the distinction between the public and the private sector is blurred. The prevalence of state-owned industries shakes the WTO’s free-market foundations. Current WTO transparency rules cannot reveal the true extent of government intervention or guarantee fair competition. We propose possible directions for rules modifications to deal with these changes. © 2019 Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.},
keywords={global economy;  high technology industry;  Internet;  World Trade Organization, China;  United States},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_details={Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA},
funding_details={National Health Research InstitutesNational Health Research Institutes, NHRI},
funding_text 1={The major US science funding agencies or mechanisms are the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the various National Laboratories of the Energy Department, and the DARPA of the Defence Department. These funding agencies may have some projects that are more application-oriented, but they are not industrial projects and cannot be directly funded to support specific companies. The Germany case is slightly different: its public funding involves both science research conducted by universities and institutes such as Max Planck, and applied projects such as those executed by the Fraunhofer Institute, which focus on bridging knowledge and applications. Successful bridging will generate new businesses and profits, which becomes an important budget source of the Fraunhofer Institute (70%). Again, this is not a direct subsidy to specific companies because the ‘successful’ ones are unknown in advance.},
publisher={Kluwer Law International},
issn={10116702},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. World Trade},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{RichardGoe2019137,
author={Richard Goe, W. and Kenney, M.},
title={The restructuring of the global economy and the future of U.S. agriculture},
journal={The Future of Rural America: Anticipating Policies for Constructive Change},
year={2019},
pages={137-156},
doi={10.4324/9780429311109-9},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085458373&doi=10.4324%2f9780429311109-9&partnerID=40&md5=5f8f607fe9b6171227e5de4291f9e6a4},
affiliation={Center for Economic Development, School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University, United States; Department of Applied Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States},
abstract={This chapter examines ways in which US agriculture was shaped by and integrated into the larger US industrial economy in the post-war period. It outlines several important facets of global restructuring and how they are likely to influence the future of US agriculture and discusses the implications of these dimensions of change. US agriculture experienced a long-term expansion after World War II. Productivity surged as waves of new technologies were incorporated into agricultural production. Advanced technology is an important variable in the restructuring equation. New technologies can reinvigorate the competitiveness of declining industries and provide new opportunities for economic growth through development of new industries and commercial products. The crisis in the US industrial economy has been attributed to a lack of flexibility in adjusting production to shifts in the composition of consumer demand. The success of the post-war US industrial economy depends upon the acceptance and consumption of a relatively narrow variety of standard goods by the US public. © 1991 by the Rural Sociological Society.},
references={(1990) Regulating Pesticides: The Delany Paradox, , Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; Carson, R., (1962) Silent Spring, , Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Publications; Florida, R., Feldman, M., Housing in U.S. Fordism: The Class Accord and Postwar Spatial Organization. (1988) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 12, pp. 187-210; Goe, W.R., Kenney, M., Tue Political Economy of the Privitization of Agricultural Information: The Case of the United States. (1988) Agricultural Administration and Extension, 28, pp. 81-99; Jaikumar, R., Postindustrial Manufacturing. (1986) Harvard Business Review, pp. 69-76. , November/December; Kalter, R., Milligan, R., Lesser, W., Magrath, W., Bauman, D., (1986) Biotechnology and the Dairy Industry., , Ithaca, N.Y.: A.E. Research Report 84-22, Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University; Kenney, M., (1986) Biotechnology: The University-Industrial Complex, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Kenney, M., Florida, R., Beyond Mass Production: The Social Organization of Production and Innovation in Japan. (1987) Politics and Society, 16, pp. 121-158; Kenney, M., Labao, L., Curry, J., Goe, W.R., Midwestern Agriculture in U.' S. Fordism: From the New Deal to Economic Restructuring. (1989) Sociologica Ruralis, 29, pp. 131-148; (1986) Technology, Public Policy and the Changing Structure of American Agriculture, , Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office; (1986) A Review of U.S. Competitiveness in Agricultural Trade-A Technical Memorandum, , Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office; Piore, M., Sabel, C., (1984) The Second Industrial Divide, , New York: Basic Books},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000229776; 9780367292355},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Future of Rural America: Anticipating Policies for Constructive Change},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{VanBrabant20191,
author={Van Brabant, J.M.},
title={The new eastern europe and the world economy},
journal={The New Eastern Europe and The World Economy},
year={2019},
pages={1-219},
doi={10.4324/9780429313080},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084896188&doi=10.4324%2f9780429313080&partnerID=40&md5=ae7b23afd0e6be84b5ed723ab060546e},
affiliation={Department of Economic and Social Development of the United Nations SeaetariatNY, United States},
abstract={The unprecedented economic, political, and social changes that have followed the east European revolutions of late 1989 rank among the epochal events of the twentieth century. The end of the cold war has opened up far-reaching possibilities for international economic cooperation, which may be able to stimulate economic growth in the region and revive interactions with the global economy. This collection of essays comes to grips with the problems of repositioning the new Eastern economies in the global arena. The contributors address four main themes: freeing up foreign economic sectors through trade liberalization, currency convertibility, and greater access to markets for international capital; the disintegration of the trade payment, pricing, and settlements systems based on the transferable ruble; active participation in the key organizations entrusted with international financial, monetary, and trading regimes; and strategies for using international economic assistance to alleviate adjustment costs with ongoing transition policies. © 1993 Taylor & Francis.},
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correspondence_address1={Van Brabant, J.M.; Department of Economic and Social Development of the United Nations SeaetariatUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000231977; 9780367294335},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The New Eastern Europe and The World Economy},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Johnson20191,
author={Johnson, S.},
title={Black globalism: The international politics of a non-state nation},
journal={Black Globalism: The International Politics of a Non-State Nation},
year={2019},
pages={1-262},
doi={10.4324/9780429441097},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084530371&doi=10.4324%2f9780429441097&partnerID=40&md5=ba3fcb8c2e2a8dff539828cc711d1701},
abstract={First published in 1998, Black Globalism: The International Politics of a Non-state Nation examines the international political behaviour of African-Americans. From the slave revolts of Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner, to the influence of the Congressional Black Caucus on US foreign policy, the author examines the impact of the domestic racial environment on the international interests and activities of African-Americans. Black Globalism uses three levels of analysis to describe the dimensions of this international activity. At the individual level, the emigration debate which included Frederick Douglass, David Walker, Benjamin Russworm, Paul Cuffee, Martin Delany is considered. Here, the emigration efforts of Chief Alfred Sam, Bishop Henry Turner and Marcus Garvey are examined. The influence of scholar and activist W.E.B. DuBois and the leadership of Malcolm X is examined with respect to their ideological impact on the transnational political activity on organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, the Nation of Islam, and the Black Panther Party. From the 1869 appointment of Andrew Young to the US Ambassador to the United Nations, the impact of African-Americans on US foreign policy decision making is examined. This includes the Congressional Black Caucus’ influence on president Clinton’s humanitarian intervention in Haiti. This governmental level analysis includes an examination of the history and politics of desegregating the US Department of State. Finally, the relative economic status of African-Americans in the domestic and global economic system is considered with respect to the shrinking of the welfare state and the challenges of the post-cold war global economy. © Sterling Johnson 1998.},
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publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429804991; 9781138320536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Black Globalism: The International Politics of a Non-State Nation},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Hamnett2019179,
author={Hamnett, S. and Lennon, M.},
title={Strategic planning and the competitive city: Adelaide, South Australia},
journal={East West Perspectives on 21st Century Urban Development: Sustainable Eastern and Western Cities in the New Millennium},
year={2019},
pages={179-211},
doi={10.4324/9780429458293-7},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082896101&doi=10.4324%2f9780429458293-7&partnerID=40&md5=650092f59af79690bce14903bef4dda1},
affiliation={School of Geoinformatics, Planning and Building, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of AdelaideSA, Australia},
abstract={This chapter considers the planning of Adelaide, a state capital city and its metropolitan region, in the context of urban Australia, diminished regional growth and the global economy. From the broadest perspective, the experience of Adelaide over the past 30 or so years has been the experience of many cities in the developed world as they have sought to adapt to the changing international division of labour and new spatial patterns of consumption. Australian cities went through a dramatic period of population growth, economic development and outward expansion between the end of World War Two and the early 1970s. It had taken over a century for the population of Australia’s five major cities to reach their 1947 total of four million. Since its establishment in 1836 as ‘a community systematically settled by balancing land, capital and labour’ following the ideals of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, South Australia has had a distinctive history. © John Brotchie, Peter Newton, Peter Hall and John Dickey 1999. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429857300; 9781138312098},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={East West Perspectives on 21st Century Urban Development: Sustainable Eastern and Western Cities in the New Millennium},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kochi20191,
author={Kochi, T.},
title={Global justice and social conflict: The foundations of liberal order and international law},
journal={Global Justice and Social Conflict: The Foundations of Liberal Order and International Law},
year={2019},
pages={1-249},
doi={10.4324/9780203093719},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082278584&doi=10.4324%2f9780203093719&partnerID=40&md5=7f6549d8732fab6ad94bf59d3a828471},
affiliation={School of Law, Politics and Sociology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom},
abstract={Global Justice and Social Conflict offers a ground-breaking historical and theoretical reappraisal of the ideas that underpin and sustain the global liberal order, international law and neoliberal rationality. Across the 20th and 21st centuries, liberalism, and increasingly neoliberalism, have dominated the construction and shape of the global political order, the global economy and international law. For some, this development has been directed by a vision of ‘global justice’. Yet, for many, the world has been marked by a history and continued experience of injustice, inequality, indignity, insecurity, poverty and war - a reality in which attempts to realise an idea of justice cannot be detached from acts of violence and widespread social conflict. In this book Tarik Kochi argues that to think seriously about global justice we need to understand how both liberalism and neoliberalism have pushed aside rival ideas of social and economic justice in the name of private property, individualistic rights, state security and capitalist ‘free’ markets. Ranging from ancient concepts of natural law and republican constitutionalism, to early modern ideas of natural rights and political economy, and to contemporary discourses of human rights, humanitarian war and global constitutionalism, Kochi shows how the key foundational elements of a now globalised political, economic and juridical tradition are constituted and continually beset by struggles over what counts as justice and over how to realise it. Engaging with a wide range of thinkers and reaching provocatively across a breadth of subject areas, Kochi investigates the roots of many globalised struggles over justice, human rights, democracy and equality, and offers an alternative constitutional understanding of the future of emancipatory politics and international law. Global Justice and Social Conflict will be essential reading for scholars and students with an interest in international law, international relations, international political economy, intellectual history, and critical and political theory. © 2020 Tarik Kochi.},
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correspondence_address1={Kochi, T.; School of Law, United Kingdom},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317571438; 9780415683470},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Justice and Social Confl.: The Foundations of Liberal Order and International Law},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Belous2019161,
author={Belous, R.S.},
title={U.S. Economic policy in a world of regional trading blocs},
journal={Economic Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region},
year={2019},
pages={161-176},
doi={10.4324/9780429044595-11},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081382187&doi=10.4324%2f9780429044595-11&partnerID=40&md5=1824fe714ff304eef4c043bf1fba3e7c},
affiliation={National Planning Association, United States},
abstract={This chapter examines the basics of current US macroeconomic policy. It provides several issues involving the US economy into the context of a global economy. The chapter concludes with recent research conducted by the National Planning Association on the growth of regional trading blocs in the international economy. Many segments of the US businesscommunity have lost faith in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In general, US business leaders seem to believe that the international economy is shifting in the direction of regional trading blocs. Many US employers have tied their compensation policies to firm-specific productivity and profitability and have based them less on norms, traditions, and industry patterns. US public policymakers and their economic advisers have generally been unable to create "mild" recessions in the post-World War II era. Recessions often have been deeper and longer than "intended" by political and economic decision makers. © 1990 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
references={Freedman, A., (1985) The New Look in Wage Policy and Employee Relations, pp. 1-14. , The Conference Board; Belous, R.S., (1989) The Contingent Economy: The Growth of The Temporary, Part-Time, and Subcontracted Workforce, , Washington, D.C.: National Planning Association; Kochan, T.A., (1986) The Transformation of American Industrial Relations, pp. 21-46. , New York: Basic Books, Inc; Wessel, D., If a Recession Hits Is U.S. Prepared for It? (1989) The Wall Street Journal, p. 1. , April 17; Clark, L.H., Will Low Inventories Soften a Slump? (1989) The Wall Street Journal, p. 1. , April 10; Courchene, T., (1989) Savings and Global Imbalances, , National Planning Association Background Paper; Michael Aho, C., Levinson, M., (1988) After Reagan: Confronting the Changed World Economy, pp. 12-30. , New York: Council on Foreign Relations; Hartley, R., Burden-Sharing Is Only the Beginning (1989) Looking Ahead, 11 (2), pp. 6-13; Muson, H., Gift Horse or Trojan Horse, Across (1988) The Board, pp. 42-43. , April; (1988) The New York Times, pp. A2. , May 20},
correspondence_address1={Belous, R.S.; National Planning AssociationUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429694356; 0813379415; 9780367014735},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Economic Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jha2019325,
author={Jha, V. and Bansal, P. and Kumar, V.},
title={India's position in the international economic order},
journal={Global Trade and Customs Journal},
year={2019},
volume={14},
number={7-8},
pages={325-335},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080854213&partnerID=40&md5=a8f005262d3dea7b6229308a469b12f8},
abstract={India holds a dominant position in influencing global issues related to climate change, world trade, international terrorism, and nuclear proliferation. Considering the trade war between US and China, the threat to multilateralism from the US and the uncomfortable trade relationship between US and EU and Japan, India is now at a crossroads in the international economic order. This offers a leadership opportunity to 'Aspirational India' that is willing to engage in new issues of international economic order. This article examines India's position in Multilateral Trade System by comprehensively reviewing the difference between its overall trade and sectoral interests; India's role at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and how it has evolved; the role of India's foreign policy in guiding its regionalism; and the opportunities that India may have in the trade war currently prevailing in the global economy. The article concludes that India's interest is to preserve a stable multilateral trading order through the WTO, while using regionals or even sectoral agreements to augment its trade competitiveness. © 2019 Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.},
references={Pant, H.V., (2019) Directions in India's Foreign Policy Theory and Praxis, , New Cambridge University Press; (2003) India in GATT and the WTO, , https://piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/98/3iie2806.pdf; Mattoo, A., Stern, R.M., (2003) India and The WTO, , The World Bank and Oxford University Press, Washington, DC; (2009) South-South Exchange Matters Most, , https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/patterns-indias-foreign-trade-have-changed-dramatically-past-three-decades; Sidhu, W.P.S., Mehta, P.B., Jones, B., (2013) Shaping the Emerging World: India and the Multilateral Order, , Washington, DC: Brookings; Chanda, R., Gopalan, S., (2017) India's Liberalisation Experience: Hostage to the WTO?, p. 169213. , SAGE Publications India; Hopewell, K., Recalcitrant spoiler? Contesting Dominant Accounts of India's Role in Global Trade Governance (2018) Third World Quarterly, 39 (3), p. 577593; (2018) How India Is Navigating Global Trade Agreement Trends; Singh, S., India's Approach towards Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Negotiations (2015) CUTS Int'l; (2019) India presses China to Import More Indian Products to Reduce Trade Deficit; Unnikrishnan, N., Purushothaman, U., (2019) Indian Approaches to Multilateral Cooperation and Institutions in Eurasia, , https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/valday/Indian-Approaches-to-Multilateral-Cooperation-and-Institutions-in-Eurasia-19932; (2017) The Hindu, Quad Confusion; Ayres, A., (2018) Our Time Has Come: How India is Making Its Place in the World, p. 174. , Oxford University Press; http://www.s-cica.org/page.php?page_id=292&lang=1; (2014) The Diplomat, What is CICA (and Why Does China Care About It)?, , https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/what-is-cica-and-why-does-china-care-about; (2009) India's Multilateral Trade Diplomacy, , https://www.brookings.edu/events/indias-multilateral-trade-diplomacy/; (2014) FTAs: Fantastic, Fine or Futile? Business Views on Trade Agreements in Asia; (2018) Multilateral Trade, , https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/multilateral-trade-1502705706.html; Puri, H.S., (2017) India's Trade Policy Dilemma and The Role Of Domestic Reform, p. 12866. , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Singh, S., (2015) India's Approach Towards Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Negotiations, , CUTS International; (2019) WTO Trade Indicator Points to Slower Trade Growth Into First Quarter of 2019, , https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news19_e/wtoi_19feb19_e.htm; (2018) Trade Wars and India s Global Position, , https://www.fortuneindia.com/opinion/trade-wars-and-indias-global-position/102144; Sidhu, W.P.S., (2014) Why Multilateralism Matters for India, , https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/why-multilateralism-matters-for-india-2/; (2017) The Rise and Fall of WTO, , https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-wto/article22277345.ece},
publisher={Kluwer Law International},
issn={1569755X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Glob. Trade Cust. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Minardi20191,
author={Minardi, A. and Taufik and Ridha, N.},
title={Impact of trump tariffs policies on the export of Indonesian steel to the United States},
journal={International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change},
year={2019},
volume={10},
number={7},
pages={1-16},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079384350&partnerID=40&md5=e058caba4a12237c4bf0d3f0d7bb5c28},
affiliation={Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan, Internasional FISIP Universitas Pasundan, Jalan Lengkong Besar No. 68, Bandung, Indonesia},
abstract={At the inauguration of the new President of the United States, Donald Trump, there were many factors that focussed the world's attention on him. Such as policies that were quite controversial; one of them was Trump Tariffs, as a form of protectionism. This policy has the potential to trigger a global trade war and make the country's steel exports to America problematic. The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of the Trump Tariffs policy on Indonesia's steel exports to the United States (US). In conducting research, the author uses several sources of literature to make it easier for writers to understand the policies made by US President Donald Trump, particularly Trump Tariffs. One of them is a book written by Robert Gilpin entitled The Political Economy of International Relations. To generate understanding about international trade, the author uses the 'International Trade Theory Paper' written by Jukriadi. The Trump Tariffs policy is a form of United States protectionism that triggers tension between the countries affected by this policy. Many observers of the global economy say that this is the first step of a global trade war. Many countries have prepared countermeasures for the policy; Indonesia's response to the policy included the Indonesian Minister of Trade, Enggartiasto Lukita, conducting diplomacy to enable Indonesia to avoid the Trump Tariffs policy, which was effective. This research uses an analytical descriptive method to define existing phenomena and discuss the reality that is currently developing, despite those who agree on the search for alternatives to discuss the problems and anticipations faced. This method can be compared with predictions of reality in the future. © Primrose Hall Publishing Group.},
author_keywords={International political economy;  Steel exports;  Trade politics;  Trade war;  Trump tariffs},
references={CNN Indonesia (2018), https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20180601203535-92-302810/responskebijakan-trump-kanada-terapkan-tarif-impor-ke-as, Respons Kebijakan Trump, Kanada Terapkan Tarif Impor ke AS. Diakses pada tanggal 27 Desember 2018; Appleyard, D., Field, A., Cobb, S., (2006) International Economics, , 5th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin; David, C., (2018) Trump's trade tariffs: Long on rhetoric, short on impact?, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-trump-rhetoric-analysis/trumps-tradetariffs-long-on-rhetoric-short-on-impact-idUSKBN1GH37N, Diakses pada tanggal 25 Desember 2018; Gilpin, R., (1987) The Political Economy of International Relations, , Princeton University Press; Hasni dan Hiras, M., Peranan Sektor Baja Dalam Perekonomian (2011) Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 5 (1); Jackson R.dan George, S., Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional, Terjemahan Dadan Suryadipura (2009), Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Hal 5; Jukriadi, (2012) Makalah Teori Perdagangan Internasional, , Makassar: Universitas Muhammadyah; Krugman, P.R., Obstfeld, M., (2000) International Economics: Theory and Policy, , University of California: Addison Wesley; Maggie, H., (2016) Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports, , https://www.nytimes.com/politics/firstdraft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favorsbig-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/, Diakses pada tanggal 26 Desember 2018; (2016) Read Donald Trump's Speech on Trade, , http://time.com/4386335/donald-trump-trade-speech-transcript/, Diakses pada tanggal 26 Desember 2018; Majalah, D., (2019) Mendalami Hubungan Ekonomi Amerika Serikat - Indonesia, , http://detak.co/detail/berita/mendalami-hubungan-ekonomi-amerika-serikat-indonesia, Diakses pada tanggal 7 Januari 2019; Majalah, M., (2019) Balas Trump, India Berlakukan Kebijakan Tarif untuk Barang Impor Amerika, , https://www.matamatapolitik.com/balas-trump-india-berlakukan-kebijakantarif-untuk-barang-impor-amerika/, Diakses pada tanggal 1 Januari 2019; Mankiw, N.G., (2003) Teori Makro Ekonomi, , Imam Nurmawan, Penerjemah. Jakarta: Indeks; Masoed, M., (1990) Ilmu hubungan Internasional Displin dan metodologi, , Jakarta: LP3ES; Raditya, H., (2019) Baja RI Dapat Angin Segar di AS, Berapa Ekspor Selama Ini?, , https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20180830190606-4-31085/baja-ri-dapat-anginsegar-di-as-berapa-ekspor-selama-ini, Diakses pada tanggal 7 Januari 2019; Rina, A., (2019) Baja dan Alumunium RI Bebas Tarif 25%, , https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/1335245/34/hasil-diplomasi-ke-as-produk-baja-danaluminium-ri-bebas-tarif-25-1535965593, Diakses pada tanggal 1 Januari 2019; Sakina, R.D.S., (2018) Balas Kebijakan Trump, China Kenakan Tarif Impor 128 ProdukdariAS, , https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/04/02/094006926/balaskebijakan-trump-china-kenakan-tarif-impor-128-produk-dari-as, Diakses pada tanggal 27 Desember 2018; Schmitz, J.A., What Determines Productivity? Lessons from the Dramatic Recovery of the U.S. and Canadian Iron Ore Industries Following Their Early 1980s Crisis (2005) Journal of Political Economy, 113, pp. 582-625; Scott, H., (2018) Trump Formally Orders Tariffs On Steel, Aluminum Imports, , https://www.npr.org/2018/03/08/591744195/trump-expected-to-formally-ordertariffs-on-steel-aluminum-imports, Diakses pada tanggal 26 Desember 2018; Walter, C.T.R., dan Simmons, B.A., Handbook of International Relations, , London: Sage hal 335},
publisher={Primrose Hall Publishing Group},
issn={22011315},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Innov. Creat. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Afontsev201946,
author={Afontsev, S.},
title={Sanctions and international institutions: How to reduce sanction risks for Russia?},
journal={International Organisations Research Journal},
year={2019},
volume={14},
number={3},
pages={46-68},
doi={10.17323/1996-7845-2019-03-03},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078844991&doi=10.17323%2f1996-7845-2019-03-03&partnerID=40&md5=68df61fd69fef60f6e745dc0e98378ea},
affiliation={Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Federation; MGIMO University, Russian Federation; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation; 76 Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation},
abstract={In recent years, the global economy has faced a remarkable increase in non-cooperative practices in trade regulation. An important contribution to this trend has been made by the use of economic sanctions. The doctrine of smart sanctions based on political economy arguments has radically changed the role of sanction-related issues on the agenda of international institutions. First, smart sanctions are now considered to be a substitute for war, rather than its precursor. Second, more countries practice sanctions without the approval of the United Nations (UN) Security Council or complement UN sanctions with additional measures of their own. Third, control mechanisms to prevent shirking in sanctions coalitions have become much more difficult to design. Fourth, smart sanctions appear to be optimal in situations when particular countries cannot stand aside but also have no intention of significantly harming their economic relations with target countries. In general, these novelties have created incentives for increased use of economic sanctions and the creation of more sophisticated control mechanisms to prevent sanctions evasion. At the same time, international institutions play a lesser role in preventing escalation of sanctions. An increasing number of sanctions initiatives are launched and implemented outside the legal framework of the UN Security Council, and as the World Trade Organization (WTO) is distancing itself from addressing trade barriers associated with sanction regimes, most target countries are forced to run the sanctions race "by one and one and never by two and two. " © 2019 National Research University Higher School of Economics.},
author_keywords={Economic sanctions;  EU;  Russia;  U.S.;  UN security council;  WTO},
references={Afontsev, S.A., Rossijskaja ekonomika: Problemnyj start k novym vershinam [Russian Economy: A Problematic Start to New Heights] (2018) Year of the Planet. Economy, Policy, Security, pp. 117-129. , (in Russian); Afontsev, S.A., Trap of the Sanctions Regime (2017) Analiticheskie stat'i Rossijskogo soveta po mezhdunarodnym delam [Analytical Articles of the Russian Council on International Affairs, 2018 Edition], , http://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/lovushka-sanktsionnogo-rezhima, (accessed 6 February 2019). (in Russian); Afontsev, S.A., Sanctions or War? Trends in the Use of Sanctions Mechanisms in International Conflicts (2014) Doklad na mezhdunarodnoj konferentsii "Fenomen mirovykh vojn: Istoricheskie, geopoliticheskie i sotsiokul'turnye aspekty". Nizhnij Novgorod, 30 June [Presented at the international conference "The Phenomenon of World Wars: Historical, Geopolitical and Sociocultural Aspects, " Nizhny Novgorod, 30 June], , (in Russian); Afontsev, S.A., (2010) Politicheskie rynki i ehkonomicheskaya politika [Political Markets and Economic Policy], , Moscow: Komkniga. (in Russian); Ahn, D.P., Ludema, R., (2017) Measuring Smartness: Understanding the Economic Impact of Targeted Sanctions, , https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Measuring-Smartness-Understanding-the-Economic-Impact-of-Targeted-Sanctions-1.pdf, Working Paper No 2017-01, U.S. Department of State, Office of the Chief Economist. Available at: (accessed 18 September 2019); Alexander, K., (2009) Economic Sanctions: Law and Public Policy, , London: Palgrave Macmillan; Askari, H.G., Forrer, J., Teegen, H., Yang, J., (2003) Economic Sanctions: Examining Their Philosophy and Efficacy, , Westport: Praeger; Bazhanov, P., Zakharov, A., Pochemu kitajskie banki sobljudajut sankcii SShA protiv rossijan [Why Do Chinese Banks Comply with U.S. Sanctions Against Russians?] (2018) Forbes, , http://www.forbes.ru/finansy-i-investicii/369239-pochemu-kitayskie-banki-soblyudayut-sankcii-ssha-protiv-rossiyan, 15 November. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019). (in Russian); Carisch, E., High Level Review of UN Sanctions: The Assessment Report (2017) IPI Global Observatory, , https://theglobalobservatory.org/2017/10/high-level-review-un-sanctions-assessment-report, 26 October. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); Cortright, D., Lopez, G.A., (2002) Smart Sanctions: Targeting Economic Statecraft, , N.Y.: Rowman and Littlefield; (2017) The Restrictive Measures Adopted by the Council in Response to the Crisis in Ukraine Against Certain Russian Undertakings, , https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2017-03/cp170034en.pdf, Including Rosneft, Are Valid. Press Release No 34/17, 28 March. Available at: (accessed 18 September 2019); Cox, D.G., Drury, A.C., Democratic Sanctions: Connecting the Democratic Peace and Economic Sanctions (2006) Journal of Peace Research, 43 (6), pp. 709-722; Drezner, D.W., Sanctions Sometimes Smart: Targeted Sanctions in Theory and Practice (2011) International Studies Review, 13 (1), pp. 96-118; Drezner, D.W., (1999) The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Dubowitz, M., The Sanctions on Iran Are Working (2010) Foreign Policy, , http://foreignpolicy.com/2010/02/10/the-sanctions-on-iran-are-working, 10 February. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); Eaton, J., Engers, M., Sanctions (1992) Journal of Political Economy, 100 (5), pp. 899-928; Edovina, T., WTO Preparing for Reform (2018) Kommersant [Businessman], (218). , https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3812178, 27 November. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019) (in Russian); Eyler, R., (2007) Economic Sanctions: International Policy and Political Economy, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Forrer, J., Economic Sanctions: Sharpening a Vital Foreign Policy Tool (2017) Issue Brief, Atlantic Council Global Business & Economic Program, , https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/publications/issue-briefs/economic-sanctions-sharpening-a-vital-foreign-policy-tool, 14 June. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); Friedman, U., Smart Sanctions: A Short History (2012) Foreign Policy, , http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/04/23/smart-sanctions-a-short-history, 23 April. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); de Galbert, S., Why Iran Sanctions May Still Matter (2015) Foreign Policy, , http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/05/why-iran-sanctions-may-still-matter, 5 July. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); (1982) Decision Concerning Article XXI of the General Agreement, , https://www.wto.org/gatt_docs/english/SULPDF/91000212.pdf, (accessed 6 February 2019); (1994) XXI: Security Exceptions. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947), , https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_02_e.htm#articleXXI, (accessed 6 February 2019); Hufbauer, G.C., Schott, J.J., Elliott, K.A., (2009) Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy, , 3rd Edition. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics; Jones, L., Portela, C., (2014) Evaluating the "Success" of International Economic Sanctions: Multiple Goals, Interpretive Methods and Critique, , Working Paper No 1671, Research Collection School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University; Kaempfer, W.H., Lowenberg, A.D., The Theory of International Economic Sanctions: A Public Choice Approach (1988) American Economic Review, 78 (4), pp. 786-793; Kaempfer, W.H., Lowenberg, A.D., The Political Economy of Economic Sanctions (2007) Handbook of Defense Economics, , (T. Sandler, K. Hartley (eds). New York: Elsevier; Kaempfer, W.H., Lowenberg, A.D., Mertens, W., International Economic Sanctions Against a Dictator (2004) Economics and Politics, 16 (1), pp. 29-51; Korostikov, M., Jumailo, A., Dementieva, K., Trutnev, O., Kostyrev, A., New Chinese Prejudice (2018) Kommersant [Businessman], (195). , https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3779051, 24 October. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019). (in Russian); Kuisma, M., Jurisdiction, Rule of Law, and Unity of EU Law in Rosneft (2018) Yearbook of European Law, 37 (1), pp. 3-26; Lacy, D., Niou, E.M.S., A Theory of Economic Sanctions and Issue Linkage: The Roles of Preferences, Information, and Threats (2004) Journal of Politics, 66 (1), pp. 25-42; Nureev, R.M., Ekonomicheskie sankcii protiv Rossii i rossijskie antisankcii: Izderzhki i vygody konfrontacii (2018) Economic Sanctions Against Russia and Russian Anti-Sanctions: The Costs and Benefits of Confrontation, , Moscow: Knorus. (in Russian); Oxenstierna, S., Olsson, P., (2015) The Economic Sanctions Against Russia, , Swedish Defence Research Agency Paper No 2015/9; Pape, R.A., Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work (1997) International Security, 22 (2), pp. 100-103; Portela, C., (2014) The EU's Use of 'Targeted' Sanctions: Evaluating Effectiveness, , https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271325000_The_EU's_Use_of_'Targeted'_Sanctions_Evaluating_effectiveness, CEPS Working Document No 391, Centre for European Policy Studies. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); Rennack, D.E., Welt, C., Russia, the Skripal Poisoning, and U.S. Sanctions (2018) Focus No IF10962, Congressional Research Service, , https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10962.pdf, In Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); Sergunin, A.A., Gao, F., BRIKS kak predmet izucheniya teorii mezhdunarodnykh organizatsij [BRICS as a Subject of Study of the Theory of International Organizations] (2018) Bulletin of International Relations, (4), pp. 55-73. , (in Russian); Smeets, M., Nesovmestimye tseli: Ehkonomicheskie sanktsii i VTO Incompatible Goals: Economic Sanctions and the WTO (2014) Rossiya v global'noj politike [Russia in Global Politics], (4), pp. 21-26. , (in Russian); Smeets, M., (2018) Can Economic Sanctions Be Effective?, , https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201803_e.pdf, Staff Working Paper No ERSD-2018-03, World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); Thouvenin, J.M., International Economic Sanctions and Fundamental Rights: Friend or Foe? (2015) The Influence of Human Rights on International Law, , (N. Wei., J. M. Thouvenin (eds). Springer, Cham; Timofeev, I., [Sanctions Against Russia: Areas of Escalation and Counter-Policy] (2018) Doklad RSMD [Report of the INF], (37). , https://russiancouncil.ru/activity/publications/sanktsii-protiv-rossii-napravleniya-eskalatsii-i-politika-protivodeystviya/, (accessed 6 February 2019). (in Russian); Tsebelis, G., Are Sanctions Effective? A Game-Theoretic Analysis (1990) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 34 (1), pp. 3-28; Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (2017) 115th Congress Public Law No 115-44, , https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/housebill/3364/text, HR 3364. (2018/02/2017). Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); (2018) Imposition of Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act Sanctions on Russia, , https://www.state.gov/imposition-of-chemical-and-biological-weapons-control-and-warfare-elimination-act-sanctions-on-russia/, Press Statement, 8 August. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2019); WTO's Guide to GATT Law and Practice (1994) Analytical Index of the GATT, , https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/gatt_ai_e/art21_e.pdf, (accessed 6 February 2019); Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment (2018) Annual Report of the Director-General (October 2017 to October 2018), , https://www.wtoilibrary.org/trade-monitoring/overview-of-developments-in-the-international-trading-environment-annualreport-by-the-director-general-2018_2273d63c-en, (accessed 18 September 2019); Russia: Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit (2019) Report of the Panel WT/DS512/R, , https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/512r_e.pdf, World Trade Organization. Available at: (accessed 24 July 2019); (2019) Report of the TPRB from the Director-General on Trade-Related Developments (Mid-October 2018 to Mid-May 2018), , https://doi.org/10.30875/93f100c2-en, (accessed 18 September 2019)},
correspondence_address1={Afontsev, S.; Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International RelationsRussian Federation; email: afontsev@gmail.com},
publisher={National Research University Higher School of Economics},
issn={19967845},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Organ. Res. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Adams201987,
author={Adams, W.J.},
title={France and global competition},
journal={Remaking the Hexagon: The New France in the New Europe},
year={2019},
pages={87-116},
doi={10.4324/9780429304361-6},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077576245&doi=10.4324%2f9780429304361-6&partnerID=40&md5=128aae151145cc8d3ccc88702e943861},
affiliation={University of Michigan, United States},
abstract={This chapter examines the durability of France’s commitment to and involvement in global competition. It argues that France cannot withdraw only slightly from global competition and that a radical withdrawal would entail too high a price in foreign-policy and security terms to be attractive. France exports a considerable fraction of what it produces and imports a considerable fraction of what it consumes. The broad-based openness of the French economy is hardly surprising. Institutional developments at the European and global levels help explain the economic openness of contemporary France. During the 1950s, France joined several European countries in forming the European Community. France has a long tradition of industrial policy. After World War II, France decided to participate actively in the global economy. Having chosen a global perspective primarily to guarantee national security, rather than economic prosperity, its commitment to global competition has remained intact despite the mediocrity of domestic economic conditions since the late 1970s. © 1995 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
references={Kravis, I.B., Lipsey, R.E., Sources of Competitiveness of the United States and of Its Multinational Firms (1992) Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, pp. 193-201. , May; Adams, W.J., (1992) Singular Europe: Economy and Polity of the European Community after 1992, , ed, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press; Swann, D., (1992) The Single European Market and Beyond: A Study of the Wider Implications of the Single European Act, , ed, London: Routledge; Maddison, A., (1991) Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development: A Long-Run Comparative View, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Camus, B., (1981) La Crise du Système Productif, pp. 186-187. , Paris: Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques; Williamson, P.J., (1984) Import Penetration in Imperfectly Competitive Markets: A Study of Firm and Industry Behaviour Under Import Threat, , Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University; Auquier, A., (1977) Industrial Organization in an Open Economy: French Industry and the Formation of the European Common Market, , Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University; Camus, B., (1981) La Crise du Système Productif, p. 293. , Paris: Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques; Camus, La Crise du Système Productif, p. 288; Auquier, Industrial Organization in an Open Economy, , chap. 3; Adams, Restructuring the French Economy, p. 172; Sleuwaegen, L., Yamawaki, H., Formation of the European Common Market and Changes in Market Structure and Performance (1988) European Economic Review, 32, pp. 1451-1475. , September; Scherer, K.M., Huh, K., R&D Reactions to High-Technology Import Competition (1992) Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, pp. 202-212. , May; Carré, J.-J., Dubois, P., Malinvaud, E., (1972) La Croissance Française: Un Essai d’Analyse Economique Causale de VAprès-Guerre, p. 23. , Paris: Editions du Seuil; Jeanneney, J.-M., (1978) Pour un Nouveau Protectionnisme, p. 82. , Paris: Editions du Seuil; Adams, W.J., Stoffaës, C., (1986) French Industrial Policy, , eds, Washington: The Brookings Institution; Adams, Restructuring the French Economy, , chap. 3},
correspondence_address1={Adams, W.J.; University of MichiganUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000237740; 0813389194; 9780367285616},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Remaking the Hexagon: The New France in the New Europe},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Amatori20191,
author={Amatori, F. and Colli, A.},
title={The global economy: A concise history},
journal={The Global Economy: A Concise History},
year={2019},
pages={1-332},
doi={10.4324/9780429293559},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076079717&doi=10.4324%2f9780429293559&partnerID=40&md5=6381f7908ac442d340a167387146135c},
affiliation={Bocconi University, Italy},
abstract={The Global Economy: A Concise History traces the history of the global economy over the past thousand years. In doing so, it explores all the main waves of globalization, from the trade revolution of the Middle Ages, to the Great and Little Divergence between the West and the East, as well as the North and the South of the world. This book examines the Industrial Revolution and the World Wars, and their respective consequences, as well as the interaction between technological shifts and the transition in geopolitical equilibria. The last chapters are dedicated to an in-depth examination of the transformation which occurred in the global economy after 1989. The chronological structure of the book is designed to help students memorize and understand key events. This book also discusses broader themes, such as convergence–divergence, growth and decline, development, and industrial revolutions. This will make it of interest not only to students and academics, but to all readers wishing to gain a deeper understanding of the history and current state of the global economy. © 2019 Franco Amatori - Andrea Colli.},
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Dalle Origini Al Dopoguerra, , Rome-Bari; Evans, R.J., (2005) The Third Reich in Power, , New York; Graziosi, A., (2007) L’Urss Di Lenin E Stalin. Storia dell’Unione Sovietica 1914-1945, , Bologna; Kershaw, I., (1998) Hitler. 1889-1936, , Hubris, London; Milward, A.S., (1977) Der Zweite Weltkrieg. Krieg, Wirtschaft Und Gesellschaft 1939-1945; Picker, H., (1951) Tischgespräche Im Führerhauptquartier 1941-1942, , Bonn; Speer, A., (1969) Erinnerungen, , Frankfurt/M-Berlin; Zaslavsky, V., (1998) Storia Del Sistema Sovietico. L’ascesa, La stabilità, Il Crollo, , Rome; Berend, I.T., (2006) An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe. 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Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond, , Princeton; Foreman-Peck, J., Federico, G., (2009) European Industrial Policy. the Twentieth Century Experience, , Oxford; Milward, A., (1984) The Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945-1951, , London; Betts, R.F., (1998) Decolonization, , London; Gauthier, A., (1995) L’économie Mondiale Depuis La Fin Du XIX siècle, , Paris; Levine, P., (2007) The British Empire, , Sunrise to Sunset, Harlow; Reinhard, W., (1996) Kleine Geschichte Des Kolonialismus, , Stuttgart; Kikeri, S., Kolo, A.F., (2005) Privatization. Trends and Recent Developments, , World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3765; Thomas, J.-P., (1994) Les Politiques Economiques Au Xxe siècle, , Paris; Toninelli, P.A., (2000) The Rise and Fall of State-Owned Enterprise in the Western World, , New York; Vickers, J., Wright, V., (1989) The Politics of Privatisation in Western Europe, , London; Amsden, A.H., (2001) The Rise of “The Rest”. 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Russian Reform Goes Awry, , New York; Gudkov, L., Zaslavsky, V., (2010) La Russia Da Gorbaciov a Putin, , Bologna; Kotkin, S., (2001) Armageddon Averted. the Soviet Collapse, 1970-2000, , Oxford; Chiarlone, S., Amighini, A., (2007) L’economia Della Cina. Dalla Pianificazione Al Mercato, , Rome; Galambos, L., (2012) The Creative Society – and the Price Americans Paid for It, , Cambridge, Mass; Lemoine, F., (1990) L’économie De La Chine, , Paris; Stiglitz, J.E., (2003) The Roaring Nineties. a New History of the World’s Most Prosperous Decade, , New York; Vogel, S.K.J., (2006) Japan Remodeled. How Government and Industry are Reforming Japanese Capitalism, , Ithaca; Castronovo, V., (2004) L’avventura dell’unità Europea, , Una sfida con la storia e il futuro, Turin; Fauri, F., (2006) L’integrazione Economica Europea 1947-2006, , Bologna; James, H., (2012) Making the European Monetary Union. the Role of the Committee of Central Bank Governors and the Origins of the European Central Bank, , Cambridge, Mass., and London; Stiglitz, J.E., (2016) The Euro. How a Common Currency Threatens the Future of Europe, , London; Varoufakis, Y., (2016) And the Weak Suffer What they Must? Europe’s Crisis and America’s Economic Future, , London; Berger, S., (2005) How We Compete. What Companies around the World are Doing to Make It in Today’s Global Economy, , New York; Ferguson, N., Kissinger, H., Li, D., Zakaria, F., (2011) Does The 21St Century Belong to China? The Munk Debate on China, , Toronto; Goldstein, A., (2011) Bric, Brasile, Russia, India, Cina Alla Guida dell’economia Globale, , Bologna; Khanna, T., (2011) Billions of Entrepreneurs. How China and India are Reshaping Their Future – and Yours, , Harvard; Masina, P.P., (2014) Il Sud Est Asiatico in Trappola. Storia Di Un Miracolo Mancato, , Milan; Yergin, D., Stanislaw, J., (1998) The Commanding Heights. the Battle for the World Economy, , New York; Rajan, R.G., (2010) Fault Lines. How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy, , Princeton; Reinhart, C.M., Rogoff, K.S., (2009) This Time is Different, , Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton; Sorkin, A.R., (2009) Too Big to Fail. the inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to save the Financial System and Themselves, , London; Stiglitz, J.E., (2010) Freefall. America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy, , New York; Strange, S., (1998) Mad Money, , Manchester},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000596816; 9780367265076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Global Economy: A Concise History},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brighi201955,
author={Brighi, E.},
title={Globalisation, individualisation and the changing politics of (In)security},
journal={Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi},
year={2019},
volume={53},
number={1},
pages={55-62},
doi={10.26331/1069},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075808970&doi=10.26331%2f1069&partnerID=40&md5=8b7af115da26d405c86919870b6af68b},
affiliation={University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={To survey the landscape of international conflict today is to take in the enormous transformations in the ways in which violence has been operating politically over the last century. The first part of this article offers some contextual and critical reflections on the question of how international conflict has changed in light of globalisation, focusing on the changing politics of contemporary conflict and insecurity. The second part engages the question of the individualisation of violence and addresses some of the themes raised in Jennifer Welsh’s article. The third and final part offers some closing remarks on the future of peace and war in the contemporary international scenario and engages with Neta Crawford’s arguments concerning the contested place of the US in the global economy of international conflict. © 2019, Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Armed Conflict;  Individualization;  International Conflict;  Terrorism;  Violence},
references={Avant, D.D., (2005) The Market for Force: the Consequences of Privatizing Security, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Barakat, S., City War Zones (1998) Urban Age, 1, pp. 11-19; Beck, U., (1999) World Risk Society, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Beck, U., The Terrorist Threat: World Risk Society Revisited (2002) Theory, Culture and Society, 19 (4), pp. 39-55; Becker, R., Hadjar, A., “‘Individualisation’ and Class Structure: How Individual Lives Are Still Affected by Social Inequalities (2013) International Social Science Journal, 64, pp. 213-214: 211-223; Bigo, D., International Political Sociology (2008) Security Studies: An Introduction, pp. 116-129. , P.D. Williams (ed.), London: Routledge; Bigo, D., Globalisation and Security (2012) The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, , in E. Amenta, K. Nash and A. Scott (eds.), London: Wiley-Blackwell; Braidotti, R., (2013) The Posthuman, , London: Polity; Brighi, E., The Mimetic Politics of Lone-Wolf Terrorism (2015) Journal of International Political Theory, 11 (1), pp. 145-164; Brighi, E., La globalizzazione del risentimento: Violenza, insicurezza e guerra nella so-cietà contemporanea (2015) Guerra E Pace: Storia E Teoria Di un’esperienza Filosofica E Politica, , in C. Altini (ed.), Bologna: Il Mulino; Brighi, E., The Globalisation of Resentment: Failure, Denial and Violence in World Politics (2016) Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 44 (3), pp. 411-432; Brown, W., Wounded Attachments (1993) Political Theory, 21, p. 3; Chaliand, G., Blin, A., (2008) The History of Terrorism, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Clausewitz, K., (1832) Vom Kriege, , Berlin: Dümmlers Verlag; Cowen, D., (2014) The Deadly Life of Logistics: Mapping Violence in the Global Trade, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Duffield, M., Global Civil War: The Non-Insured, International Containment and Post-Interventionary Society (2008) Journal of Refugee Studies, 21 (29), pp. 145-165; Dumouchel, P., (2015) The Barren Sacrifice, , East Lansing: Michigan State University Press; Galli, C., (2010) Political Spaces and Global War, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; (2011) Global Burden of Armed Violence 2011, , Lethal Encounters, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Giddens, A., (2003) Runaway World: How Globalisation is Reshaping Our Lives, , London: Taylor and Francis; Gramsci, A., (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks, , New York: International Publishers; Gregory, D., The Everywhere War (2011) The Geographical Journal, 177 (3), pp. 238-250; Jay, M., (2014) Refractions of Violence, , New York: Routledge; Jones, C., (2013) More than Just War: Narratives of the Just War Tradition and Military Life, , London: Routledge; Keohane, R.O., The Globalization of Informal Violence, Theories of World Politics, and the ‘Liberalism of Fear (2002) Dialog-International Organization, 1 (1), pp. 29-43; Keohane, R.O., Nye, J., (1977) Power and Interdependence, , Boston: Little, Brown; Knorr Cetina, K., Complex Global Microstructures: The New Terrorist Societies (2005) Theory, Culture and Society, 22 (5); Krahman, E., Security: Collective Good or Commodity? (2008) European Journal of International Relations, 14 (3), pp. 379-404; Krause, K., War, Violence and the State (2009) Securing Peace in a Globalized World, , in M. Brzoska and A. Krohn (eds.), London: Palgrave Macmillan; Leander, A., (2010) The Routledge Handbook of New Security Studies, pp. 208-216. , P. Burgess (ed.), London: Routledge; Lobo-Guerrero, L., (2011) Insuring Security: Biopolitics, Security and Risk, Abingdon, , Routledge; Mendelsohn, B., (2015) The Al-Qaeda Franchise: The Expansion of Al-Qaeda and Its Consequences, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2011) By the Numbers: Today’s Military, , http://www.npr.org/2011/07/03/137536111/by-the-numbers-todays-military, July 3, accessed January 30, 2019; Neocleous, M., (2014) War Power, Police Power, , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; Petito, F., Hatzopoulos, P., (2006) Religion in International Relations: Return from Exile, , (eds.), London: Palgrave; Rapoport, D., The Four Waves of Rebel Terror and September 11 (2002) Anthropoetics, 8, p. 1; Sageman, M., (2008) Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century, , Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; Segal, D., Segal, M., America’s Military Population (2004) Population Bulletin, 59 (4), pp. 1-40; Simon, J.D., Technology and Lone Operator Terrorism: Prospects for a Fifth Wave of Global Terrorism (2011) Terrorism, Identity and Legacy: The Four Waves Theory and Political Violence, pp. 44-65. , in J. Rosenfeld (ed.), New York: Routledge; Waltz, K., (2011) Man, the State, and War, , 1959, New York: Columbia University Press; Waltz, K., (1979) Theory of International Politics, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Zarakol, A., What Makes Terrorism Modern? Terrorism, Legitimacy, and the International System (2011) Review of International Studies, 37 (5), pp. 2311-2336},
correspondence_address1={Brighi, E.; University of WestminsterUnited Kingdom; email: E.Brighi@westminster.ac.uk},
publisher={Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki},
issn={25324969},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ann. Fond. Luigi. Einaudi},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vlados2019457,
author={Vlados, C.},
title={The Phases of the Postwar Evolution of Capitalism: The Transition from the Current Crisis into a New Worldwide Developmental Trajectory},
journal={Perspectives on Global Development and Technology},
year={2019},
volume={18},
number={4},
pages={457-488},
doi={10.1163/15691497-12341528},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074557028&doi=10.1163%2f15691497-12341528&partnerID=40&md5=38268d631b3815a62b7224c95c9d9dfa},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Democritus University of Thrace School of Business, University of Nicosia, Cyprus},
abstract={This article focuses on the evolutionary dynamics of the world economy after the Second World War to current day by reviewing the subject in evolutionary and holistic terms. In particular, its purpose is to examine the structuring of the current crisis and the prospects for overcoming it by advancing toward a new developmental phase, a new sustainable model of global development. We articulate our approach precisely at the link between the interconnection and the dialectic interdependence of the central structural components of global dynamics. In this direction, we introduce, propose, and utilize a three-sided structural analysis of global dynamics, a triptych. In particular, we claim that the changes in the global system are imprinted and can be studied at three co-located and dialectically interwoven central structural levels: At the level of current international regimes, at the level of central models of development and crisis, and at the level of the dominant types of business innovation. As a whole and on every level, the structural changes define and form in the background the evolutionary dynamics of the world economy, and thus by extension prescribe the conditions for the global system to construct the trajectory to exit from its current crisis. Keywords © 2019 Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.},
author_keywords={development model;  global crisis;  globalization dynamics;  new globalization},
keywords={capitalism;  economic development;  economic instability;  global economy;  globalization;  post-war;  structural change},
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correspondence_address1={Vlados, C.; Department of Economics, Cyprus; email: vlad.coop@gmail.com},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={15691500},
coden={PGDTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Perspect. Global Dev.Technol.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Park2019191,
author={Park, S.-C.},
title={Trade protectionism as the Achilles heel of international cooperation and countermeasures focused on the EU - Japan FTA1},
journal={International Organisations Research Journal},
year={2019},
volume={14},
number={2},
pages={191-222},
doi={10.17323/1996-7845-2019-02-08},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072690460&doi=10.17323%2f1996-7845-2019-02-08&partnerID=40&md5=2dd1fc041076d27d9be07a948141a00a},
affiliation={Graduate School of Knowledge Based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, 2121, Jeongwang-Dong, Siheung-City, Gyeonggi-Do, 429-793, South Korea},
abstract={Intensified trade protectionism led by the Trump administration in the U.S. negated the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement until Japanese Prime Minister Abe restored it in 2018 without U.S. participation. At present, the trade wars between China and the U.S. and between the European Union (EU) and the U.S. are still ongoing processes and no one can predict exactly what the results will be for the global economy. Eventually, trade protectionism may be regarded as the Achilles heel of global economic cooperation. Despite the protectionist atmosphere, there is a pro free trade movement in the global economy. The EU and Japan started negotiations for a free trade agreement (FTA) in 2012 and finalized their agreement in December 2017 after 18 rounds of negotiation. The two parties agreed in principle on the main elements of the EU - Japan FTA. After a legal verification and translation process, the European Commission submitted the agreement for the approval of the European Parliament and EU members. As a highly developed economy and a major global trader and investor, Japan is one of the most important partners for the EU. The EU - Japan FTA will lead to extensive economic cooperation accounting for approximately 30% of global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2017. Moreover, the EU - Japan FTA removes many barriers and establishes global trade rules in line with the high standards of free trade and shared values. In addition, it sends a powerful signal that two major economies reject the protectionism that has arisen since the global financial crisis in 2008 in general and the Trump administration in 2017 in particular. This article focuses on the EU - Japan FTA and examines whether it will boost economic growth and provide benefits for both parties. It also investigates and analyzes which industrial sectors will profit the most in the two economies. Finally, it estimates the impact of the EU - Japan FTA on the global trade environment. © 2019, National Research University Higher School of Economics.},
author_keywords={Economic growth;  Free trade agreement (FTA);  Global trade rules;  Trade barriers;  Trade protectionism},
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correspondence_address1={Park, S.-C.; Graduate School of Knowledge Based Technology and Energy, 2121, Jeongwang-Dong, South Korea; email: scpark@kpu.ac.kr},
publisher={National Research University Higher School of Economics},
issn={19967845},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Organ. Res. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Visco201975,
author={Visco, I.},
title={Stability and growth in a global economy},
journal={PSL Quarterly Review},
year={2019},
volume={72},
number={289},
pages={75-84},
doi={10.13133/2037-3643_72.289_1},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070929390&doi=10.13133%2f2037-3643_72.289_1&partnerID=40&md5=e27f54d5b47b2c239d2eb55e13f8a24e},
affiliation={Banca d’, Italy},
abstract={The hopes that dawned with the end of the Cold War of improving everyone’s well-being through globalisation and technological progress have been partly disappointed. They have been replaced by uncertainty about the effects of these profound changes on the distribution of wealth, the availability of work, the possibility of growth continuing at the same pace as in the last few decades, the impact on the environment, the consequences of demographic trends, and the balance of power between countries, between companies, and between companies and consumers. The need to govern these changes is now clear and greater attention must be paid to those who have difficulty adapting, not only in advanced countries, where automation and global competition are displacing many workers employed in routine jobs, but also in emerging and developing countries, where the prospects of further poverty reduction are diminishing. These are crucial challenges for the world economy. © 2019 Economia Civile. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Climate change;  Globalisation;  Technological progress},
references={Arntz, M., Gregory, T., Zierahn, U., The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries: A comparative analysis (2016) OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 189. , n. Paris: OECD Publishing; (2018) L’Italia E Gli Obiettivi Di Sviluppo Sostenibile, , ASVIS Rome: Alleanza Italiana per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile; Atkinson, A.B., (2015) Inequality, , Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; Autor, D.H., Dorn, D., The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the US labor market (2013) American Economic Review, 103 (5), pp. 1553-1597; Balassone, F., Visco, I., The economic and monetary union: Time to break the deadlock (2019) The European Union Review, , forthcoming; Baldwin, R., (2016) The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization, , Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; Basso, G., (2018) The Evolution of the Occupational Structure in Italy in the Last Decade, , mimeo, Rome: Bank of Italy; Bowles, J., (2014) The Computerisation of European Jobs, , http://bruegel.org/2014/07/the-computerisation-of-european-jobs/, Bruegel blog, published on 24 July; Bourguignon, F., (2015) The Globalization of Inequality, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Cannari, L., D’Alessio, G., Istruzione, reddito e ricchezza: La persistenza tra generazioni in Italia (2018) Questioni Di Economia E Finanza, 476. , n. Rome: Bank of Italy; Dobbs, R., Madgavkar, A., Manyika, J., Woetzel, J., Bughin, J., Labaye, E., Kashyap, P., (2016) Poorer Than Their Parents? Flat or Falling Incomes in Advanced Economies, , New York: McKinsey Global Institute; Frey, C.B., Osborne, M.A., The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? (2017) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, pp. 254-280. , Jan.); Friedman, T.L., (2005) The World Is Flat. A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, , New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux; Hansen, H., (1938) Full Recovery or Stagnation?, , New York: Norton Company; (2018) Global Warming of 1.5°C, , Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change New York: United Nations Organization; Karabarbounis, L., Neiman, B., The global decline of the labor share (2014) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129 (1), pp. 61-103; Krusell, P., Ohanian, L.E., Ríos‐Rull José‐Víctor, Violante, G.L., Capital-skill complementarity and inequality: A macroeconomic analysis (2000) Econometrica, 68 (5), pp. 1029-1053; Lakner, C., Milanović, B., Global income distribution: From the fall of the Berlin wall to the great recession (2015) World Bank Economic Review, 30 (2), pp. 203-232; Manyika, J., Chui, M., Miremadi, M., Bughin, J., George, K., Willmott, P., Dewhurst, M., (2017) A Future That Works: Automation, Employment and Productivity, , New York: McKinsey Global Institute; Milanović, B., Global income inequality in numbers: In history and now (2013) Global Policy, 4 (2), pp. 198-208; Milanović, B., (2016) Global Inequality, , Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; (2017) OECD Employment Outlook 2017, , OECD Paris: OECD Publishing; (2018) A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility, , OECD Paris: OECD Publishing; Pagano, P., Sbracia, M., The secular stagnation hypothesis: A review of the debate and some insights (2014) Questioni Di Economia E Finanza, (231). , n. Rome: Bank of Italy; Page, L., Pande, R., Ending global poverty: Why money isn’t enough (2018) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32 (4), pp. 173-200; Piketty, T., (2013) Le Capital Au XXIe Siècle, , Paris: Éditions du Seuil; Rodrik, D., (2011) The Globalization Paradox, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Age of insecurity. Rethinking the social contract (2018) Finance and Development, 55 (4). , International Monetary Fund December; Summers, L., IMF Economic Forum: Policy responses to crises (2013) Speech at the IMF Annual Research Conference, , November; Torrini, R., Labour, profit and housing rent shares in Italian GDP: Long-run trends and recent patterns (2015) Politica Economica, 3 (Dic), pp. 275-314; Visco, I., Perché i tempi stanno cambiando… (2015) Perché I Tempi Stanno Cambiando, pp. 17-46. , id, Bologna: Il Mulino; Visco, I., Economia e finanza dopo la crisi (2015) Perché I Tempi Stanno Cambiando, pp. 47-82. , id, Bologna: Il Mulino; Visco, I., Le sfide per l’economia italiana (2018) Anni Difficili, pp. 45-66. , id, Bologna: Il Mulino; (2018) Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle, , World Bank Washington (DC): World Bank},
correspondence_address1={Visco, I.; Banca d’Italy; email: ignazio.visco@bancaditalia.it},
publisher={Economia Civile},
issn={20373635},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={PSL Q. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Joshi201963,
author={Joshi, S. and Bimal, S.},
title={India’s engagement with the global economic order [El compromiso de la India con el orden económico mundial]},
journal={Revista UNISCI},
year={2019},
volume={2019},
number={49},
pages={63-78},
doi={10.31439/UNISCI-34},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070744682&doi=10.31439%2fUNISCI-34&partnerID=40&md5=8e84cdd27fcd4e4c157ada8fe56ec734},
affiliation={Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India},
abstract={India, the world’s largest democracy, is today the world’s sixth-biggest economy and is widely referred to as the “bright spot” in the global economy still struggling to the recover from the 2008 crisis. Economic liberalization and internationalization initiated in the 1990s has steadily gained traction leading India to move from being a marginal participant to a deeply engaged partner in the global economic order with an active and visible presence. India’s “increasing weight in the global economy” is also dramatically transforming its political and strategic importance in the evolving post-Cold War world order. © UNISCI, 2019.},
author_keywords={Engagement;  Global economy;  India;  Strategic partnerships;  World order},
references={Bava, U.S., New Powers for Global Change? India’s Role in the Emerging World Order (2007) FES Briefing Paper, , 4 | March; Brewster, D., The Australia-India Security Declaration: The Quadrilateral Redux? (2010) Security Challenges, 6 (1). , Autumn; Chanda, R., (2002) Globalization of Services: India’s Opportunities and Constraints, , New Delhi: Oxford University Press; Das, R.U., India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) Some Implications for East Asian Economic Regionalism and RCEP (2014) RIS Discussion Paper, , # 186, January; Gaens, B., Ruohomäki, O., (2017) India’s ‘Look East’ - ‘Act East’ Policy, , FIIA Briefing Paper 222, June; Goel, M.M., Walia, R., Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India: An Analysis (2017) Finance India, 31 (3). , September; Kumar, N., International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment & Capital Market Reforms (2014) India and the Global Economy, , Hussain Haqqani (ed.), New Delhi: Hudson Institute; Mohan, C.R., (2017) Donald Trump’s ‘Indo-Pacific’ and America’s India Conundrum, , ISAS Insights No. 476 - 13 November; Moorthy, V., Jason, A.A., The Ease of Doing Business Rank: An Assessment of its Macroeconomic Relevance (2016) IIMB-WP, (521). , June; Mukherjee, A., The Service Sector in India (2013) ADB Economics Working Paper Series, (352). , June; Passi, R., Pant, H.V., Debating Disruption: Change and Continuity (2018) Raisina Files: Debating Disruption: Change and Continuity, 3. , Passi, Ritika and Pant, Harsh V. (ed.), Observer Research Foundation; Pradhan, J.P., Indian Outward FDI: A Review of Recent Developments (2017) Transnational Corporations, 24, p. 2. , UNCTAD; Singh, A.G., India’s Vision for Connectivity: A Discourse Analysis (2017) India and Connectivity Frameworks, , Krishan Singh Hemant (dir.), Delhi Policy Group Report; Vyas, A.V., An Analytical Study of FDI in India (2000-2015) (2015) International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5 (10). , October},
publisher={Universidad Complutense de Madrid},
issn={23869453},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. UNISCI},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{VanBrabant201979,
author={Van Brabant, J.M.},
title={The new east in multilateral economic organizations},
journal={The New Eastern Europe and The World Economy},
year={2019},
pages={79-109},
doi={10.4324/9780429313080-5},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070621339&doi=10.4324%2f9780429313080-5&partnerID=40&md5=630d4eadf39d1e69ac9adfe2c4deb169},
affiliation={Department of Economic and Social Development of the United Nations SeaetariatNY, United States},
abstract={This chapter discusses the key obstacles in associating the planned economies with the post-war international economic organizations and their underlying regimes. It considers potential incompatibilities between the missions assigned to the specialized organizations and the unique tasks that they have received in assisting the planned economies in transition. The Fund’s initial aim was to mobilize its resources for the stabilization of agreed-upon exchange rates with the objective of gradually eliminating exchange controls for transactions, promoting multilateralism, liberalizing capital flows, and similar developments whose positive functions in resource allocation are predicated on the existence of real markets. The emerging new framework for east-west economic cooperation offers opportunities for revamping management styles within the context of existing economic, financial, monetary, and trade regimes, with the full participation of the Eastern countries. The chapter focuses on key perspectives of regional economic organization and how it may affect the management of the global economy. © 1993 Taylor & Francis.},
correspondence_address1={Van Brabant, J.M.; Department of Economic and Social Development of the United Nations SeaetariatUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781000231977; 9780367294335},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The New Eastern Europe and The World Economy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yakovlev201994,
author={Yakovlev, P.P.},
title={Latin America: Is a spurt in development possible? [Латинская америка: воЗмоЖен Ли рЫвок в раЗвитии?]},
journal={World Economy and International Relations},
year={2019},
volume={63},
number={3},
pages={94-103},
doi={10.20542/01312227201963394103},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065042203&doi=10.20542%2f01312227201963394103&partnerID=40&md5=dd0ff1233faa4c78cd42ed7b28f3ce9d},
affiliation={Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 21/16, B. Ordynka Str., Moscow, 115035, Russian Federation; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36, Stemyannyi Per, Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation},
abstract={The so-called “golden decade” (2003–2013) in Latin America, marked by relatively high GDP growth, a buildup of foreign trade volume, expanding domestic market and rising living standards, rapidly became history thanks to years of recession, sluggish growth and deterioration of economic conditions for the majority of the population. After the failures of neo-liberal experiments of 1990s, the populist projects that established the matrix of social development in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Ecuador and other countries of the region in the first decade of the 21st century also failed. Those who ruled these regimes demonstrated incompetence which caused an economic stupor and a serious social trauma to people of the Latin American republics. To these negative phenomena there should be added the domestic political turmoil, particularly, loud corruption scandals and the removal of acting heads of State from power, as well as increased foreign competition in the region. In addition, on the outer perimeter, the complexity of the situation is compounded by the fact that Latin America (with a few exceptions confirming the rule) has not been able to receive a maximum dividend from the globalization process, as China, India, the Republic of Korea, South-East Asia and some European States did, but fully suffered the shock of external effects: drops of prices on world commodity and food markets, financial disasters, consequences of “trade wars”. For nearly two decades, Latin America has been living under conditions of structural crisis of varying intensity, the essence of which is characterized not only by strong fluctuations in the rate of GDP growth and sharp changes on commodity and financial markets, but also by a deep transformation that has engulfed the economy, politics, social sphere and the scope of external relations of the regional countries. However, the process of these changes is not of a steady character, is marked by bends and intermittent periods of stagnation, weakening the region’s position in the global economy. In an effort to reverse this situation and take the path of steady growth, the search for opportunities to give an impetus to the socio-economic development has intensified in Latin America. © 2019 Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={China;  Growth strategy;  Industrial policy;  International competition;  Latin America;  Populism;  Structural crisis;  The United States},
references={(2018) World Economic Outlook: Challenges to Steady Growth, , IMF. October 2018. Washington; Fukuyama, F., (2008) Falling Behind. Explaining the Development Gap between Latin America and the United States, p. 336. , London, Oxford University Press; Yakovlev, P.P., [What hampers the development of Latin America? (2017) Latinskaya Amerika, (5), p. 97103. , Яковлев П.П. Что тормозит развитие Латинской Америки? Латинская Америка, 2017, № 5, сс. 97103; Yakovlev, P.P., [What are the challenges that faces Latin America? (2017) Latinskaya Amerika, (1), p. 521. , Яковлев П.П. Перед какими вызовами стоит Латинская Америка? Латинская Америка, 2017, № 1, сc. 521; (2018) BP Statistical Review of World Energy, , https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/businesssites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energyeconomics/statisticalreview/bpstatsreview2018fullreport.pdf, June accessed 12.01.2019; (2018) Díaz-Canel Defiende ALBA-TCP Como Espacio De Concertación De La Izquierda Latinoamericana, , http://albatcp.cubaminrex.cu/article/diazcaneldefiendealbatcpcomoespaciodeconcertaciondelaizquierdalatinoamericana, 14 de diciembre de accessed 11.01.2019; Yakovlev, P.P., [“Multilatinas”: Transboundary jerk of Latin American business] (2013) Latinskaya Amerika, (6), p. 5166. , Яковлев П.П. “Мультилатинас”: трансграничный рывок латиноамериканского бизнеса. Латинская Америка, 2013, № 6, сc. 5166; (2018) World Investment Report 2018. Investment and New Industrial Policies, p. 186. , UNCTAD. United Nations, New York and Geneva; (2018) Balance Preliminar De Las Economías De América Latina Y El Caribe, , www.econometrica.com.ar, Naciones Unidas, Santiago, 2018. 10. Argentina Macroeconomic Outlook. Septiembre 2008.: accessed 10.01.2019; Yakovlev, P.P., [Chronic disease of the Argentine economy] (2018) Latinskaya Amerika, (10), p. 1024. , Яковлев П.П. Хроническая болезнь аргентинской экономики. Латинская Америка, 2018, № 10, с. 1024; Kanenguiser, M., Advierten incipientes síntomas de recesión en la economía (2012) La Nación. Buenos Aires, 15. , 05; (2016) Estudio Económico De América Latina Y El Caribe, , http://repositorio.cepal.org/, Argentina.: accessed 07.01.2019; Yakovleva, N.M., Argentina: Perehod k “staroi norme”. (2016) Itogi Prezidentskikh Vyborov 2015 G., (2), p. 3549. , Яковлева Н.М. Аргентина: переход к “старой норме”. Итоги президентских выборов 2015 г. Латинская Америка, 2016, № 2, сс. 3549 Argentina: transit to the “old normal”. The results of the presidential election, 2015. Latinskaya Amerika; Yakovleva, N.M., [Latin America: Presidential Power and Opposition in XXI century] (2018) Kontury Global’Nykh Transformatsii: Politika, Ekonomika, (3), p. 166184. , Яковлева Н.М. Латинская Америка: президентская власть и оппозиция в XXI веке. Контуры глобальных транс-формаций: политика, экономика, право, 2018, № 3, сс. 166184 pravo; (2018) Council of the Americas Symposium and BRAVO Business Awards, , https://www.ascoa.org/councilamericassymposiumandbravobusunessawards, November 2, accessed 11.01.2019; (2018) No Se Lo Pierda: CAF Reúne A 500 Líderes De América Latina para Debatir Sobre Productividad У Innovación, , https://www.americaeconomia.com/, 7 de Noviembre de accessed 04.01.2019; (2018) Perspectivas Económicas De América Latina 2018. Repensando Las Instituciones para El Desarrollo, p. 1920. , OCDE/CAF/CEPAL. Paris, Éditions OCDE; Malamud, C., (2014) La Presencia Global De América Latina, , https://www.printfriendly.com/p/g/ULsUXa, 22.12. accessed: 11.01.2019; Cuartero, J.A., (2018) Los Retos De A. Latina En Infraestructura para 2019: Hacer Más Con Menos, , https://www.americaeconomia.com/, 28 de diciembre de accessed 10.01.2019; Goya León, D., Política industrial: Qué es, por qué es necesaria, y su pasado, presente y futuro en Chile (2014) Mayo De, , https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/64881/1/MPRA_paper_64881.pdf, accessed 11.01.2019; (2018) Panorama Social De América Latina, , CEPAL. Santiago: Naciones Unidas, 2019; Yakovlev, P.P., [The geopolitical turn of Latin America (2014) Mirovaya Ekonomika I Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, (7), p. 5566. , Яковлев П.П. Геополитический разворот стран Латинской Америки. Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 2014, № 7, сс. 5566; Trade Statistics for International Business, , https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?nvpm=1076||156||TOTAL|||21|11|21|11|1, accessed 10.01.2019; (2018) Explorando Nuevos Espacios De Cooperación Entre América Latina Y El Caribe Y China, , CEPAL. Santiago: Naciones Unidas; (2017) Quinta Central Nuclear Argentina, , http://www.invap.com.ar/es/laempresa/saladeprensa/, 6 Junio accessed 23.10.2018; Toro, M., China y Venezuela firman 28 acuerdos de cooperación (2018) El Universal, , Caracas, 15.09; (2018) Venezuela Y China Firman 28 Nuevos Acuerdos, , http://www.americaeconomica.com/, 14.09. accessed 20.12.2018; Yakovlev, P.P., [USMCA: Restart of the zone of free trade in North America (2018) Latinskaia Amerika, (12), p. 616. , Яковлев П.П. USMCA: перезагрузка зоны свободной торговли в Северной Америке. Латинская Америка, 2018, № 12, сс. 616; (2018) Clausula en Pacto USMCA Disuadiría Acuerdo Comercial De China Con Canadá Y México, , https://www.americaeconomia.com/, 3 de Octubre de accessed 07.12.2018},
correspondence_address1={Yakovlev, P.P.; Institute of Latin American Studies, 21/16, B. Ordynka Str., Russian Federation; email: petrp.yakovlev@yandex.ru},
publisher={Russian Academy of Sciences},
issn={01312227},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={World Economy Int. Relat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Park20191,
author={Park, J. and Stangarone, T.},
title={Trump's America First policy in global and historical perspectives: Implications for US-East Asian Trade},
journal={Asian Perspective},
year={2019},
volume={43},
number={1},
pages={1-34},
doi={10.1353/apr.2019.0000},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065025536&doi=10.1353%2fapr.2019.0000&partnerID=40&md5=0ae598f178bec02ba7fe6ca8719ed9f7},
affiliation={George Mason University Korea (GMUK), South Korea; Korea Economic Institute (KEI) of America, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={Since the end of World War II, the United States has played a leading role in shaping the global economic system. While US influence has waned with the reconstruction of Europe and the rise of China, it has remained the leading power in the international system. The election of Donald Trump, however, represents a significant shift in US trade policy. In its first days the Trump administration withdrew from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and has since taken specific steps to renegotiate trade agreements and protect US industries. Politicizing the importance to reduce bilateral US trade deficits and to bring manufacturing jobs back home, the Trump administration has also utilized trade remedies in addition to the seldom-used safeguards to advance its "America First" economic agenda. Although trade remedy actions-the imposition of antidumping and countervailing duty based on the US Trade Act of 1974-have been critical instruments for US trade, prioritizing trade deficit reduction in US trade policy has the potential to erode the underlying international system and exacerbate rather than resolve the tensions that have spurred nationalistic economic movements. Against this backdrop, in this article we explore the implications of an abrogation of US global economic leadership for the international trading system and US influence more broadly. We also consider the implications for East Asia and the global economy as a whole as China, the European Union, and Japan take on larger leadership roles within the global trading system. © 2019 Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Kyungnam University.},
author_keywords={America First;  East Asia;  Global economy;  Political system;  Trade protectionism},
references={Acemoglu, D., Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., Price, B., Import Competition and the Great US Employment Sag of the 2000 (2016) Journal of Labor Economics, 34, pp. S141-S198. , (January); Autor, D., Dorn, D., Hanson, G., Majlesi, K., (2017) "Importing Political Polarization?. The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure.", , The China Trade Shock, Working Paper, December; Bhagwati, J.N., Kreuger, A.O., "U.S. Trade Policy: The Infatuation with Free Trade Agreements." (1995) In The Dangerous Drift to Preferential Trade Agreements, pp. 1-52. , Washington, DC: AEI Press; (2016) The Untold Story behind Saudi Arabia's 41-Year U.S. Debt Secret, , www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-05-30/the-untoldstory-behind-saudi-arabia-s-41-year-u-s-debt-secret, May 31; Bown, C.P., (2017) Steel, Aluminum, Lumber, Solar: Trump's Stealth Trade Protection, , https://piie.com/publications/policy-briefs/steel-aluminum-lumber-solartrumps-stealth-trade-protection, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Policy Brief 17-21, June; Bradford, S.C., Grieco, P.L.E., Hufbauer, G.C., "The Payoff to America from Global Integration." (2005) The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade, pp. 65-109. , In C. Fred Bergsten and the Peterson Institute for International Economics, eds. 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publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press},
issn={02589184},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chrysostome201917,
author={Chrysostome, E. and Nkongolo-Bakenda, J.-M.},
title={Diaspora and International Business in the Homeland: From Impact of Remittances to Determinants of Entrepreneurship and Research Agenda},
journal={Contributions to Management Science},
year={2019},
pages={17-39},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-91095-6_2},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064897435&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-91095-6_2&partnerID=40&md5=937ad530696dda7c4d2e39ca60e65642},
affiliation={State University of New York Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, United States; Hill School of Business, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada},
abstract={Migrations and international business have always been part of human history for many centuries. Migrations have continued today for various reasons including wars, but most importantly poverty. However, with the changing nature of the global economy and the development of technologies, the migration and international business has allowed a new category of migrants characterized by their socio-cultural embeddedness and engagement in at least two environments. Although this phenomenon called “brain drain” can be very bad for developing countries, as it stifles the effort of economic development of these countries by empting them of their skilled workforce and intellectual elites, it can also have a positive impact on the economies of developing countries and achieve what has been called “brain gain”. Although previous studies have helped for a better understanding of diaspora impact on home country in the areas such as poverty alleviation through remittances, entrepreneurship, and institutional transformation and innovation, several important issues related to diaspora still need the attention of researchers. The purpose of this research is to address some of these issues. So the research analyzes the determinants and challenges of diaspora entrepreneurship, the relevance and the limits of the concept of liability of foreignness in diaspora entrepreneurship. It also discusses the particularities of the performance of diaspora entrepreneurs and limits of the existing international business theories to explain diaspora entrepreneurship. © 2019, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.},
author_keywords={Brain drain;  Determinants of entrepreneurship;  Diaspora business;  Homeland;  International business;  Remittances},
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correspondence_address1={Chrysostome, E.; State University of New York PlattsburghUnited States; email: Elie.chrysostome@plattsburgh.edu},
publisher={Springer},
issn={14311941},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Contrib. Manag. Sci.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cumbers20195,
author={Cumbers, A.},
title={A tale of two nationalisations: Experiences of post 1945 public ownership in the UK and France compared},
journal={International Journal of Public Policy},
year={2019},
volume={15},
number={1-2},
pages={5-20},
doi={10.1504/IJPP.2019.099047},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064669575&doi=10.1504%2fIJPP.2019.099047&partnerID=40&md5=461520c780a6ae4dc9ee205f52eb3434},
affiliation={Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom},
abstract={As public ownership comes back into fashion following the failings and growing contradictions of neoliberal processes of marketisation and privatisation, it is important to learn the lessons for public policy from earlier processes of nationalisation. In this article, I compare the post 1945 experiences of nationalisation in the UK and France. Both countries underwent sweeping processes of nationalisation in the aftermath of the Second World War amidst a broader international shift towards a more state driven model of economic development under capitalism. However, the two experiences of nationalisation diverged considerably, reflecting underlying differences in past forms of economic development, the different balance of class forces and the integration of each country into the broader global economy. The article suggests that these experiences remind us of the importance of a variegated perspective on the evolution of capitalism, distinctive political-economic trajectories and situating major policy shifts in time and space. © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
author_keywords={France;  Nationalisation;  Post 1945 experiences;  Public ownership;  UK},
references={Ackers, P., Collective bargaining as industrial democracy: Hugh Clegg and the political foundations of British industrial relations pluralism (2007) British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45 (1), pp. 77-101; Amsden, A., (1989) Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Armstrong, P., Glyn, A., Harrison, J., (1991) Capitalism since 1945, , Oxford, Blackwell; Beynon, H., Wainwright, H., (1978) The Workers' Report on Vickers, , Pluto, London; Bliss, B., Nationalisation in France and Great Britain of the electricity supply industry (1954) International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 8 (2), pp. 277-290; Boyer, R., The current economic crisis: Its dynamics and its implications in France (1987) The Mitterrand Experiment: Continuity and Change in Modern France, pp. 18-32. , Ross, G. et al. 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correspondence_address1={Cumbers, A.; Adam Smith Business School, United Kingdom; email: Andrew.Cumbers@glasgow.ac.uk},
publisher={Inderscience Publishers},
issn={17400600},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Public Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Williams2019683,
author={Williams, N.},
title={The resilience of protectionism in u.s. trade policy},
journal={Boston University Law Review},
year={2019},
volume={99},
number={2},
pages={683-719},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063885860&partnerID=40&md5=84eca11ed1fef90794f16f5b93024e37},
affiliation={University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States},
abstract={Since the end of World War II, the global economy has shifted into a multilateral trade system that promotes free trade among sovereign nations. The United States and the United Kingdom were at the forefront of this shift. Against this background, the Brexit vote in the United Kingdom and the presidential election of Donald Trump in the United States came as a surprise to many- especially because of the United States' and United Kingdom's political leaders' vocal opposition to the multilateral trade system, of which the two nations used to be the foremost proponents. These events are particularly startling, but they represent a lesser departure from U.S. trade policy than they seem at first glance. Rather, protectionism has never completely left U.S. trade law and policy. Using the history and practice of antidumping and countervailing measures as examples, this Note argues that protectionism has been resilient in U.S. trade law, despite the country's historical leadership in promoting the World Trade Organization regime. © 2019 Boston University Law Review. All Rights Reserved.},
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A1. , Nov. 10; Chappell, B., (2018) USMCA: Trump Signs New Trade Agreement with Mexico and Canada to Replace NAFTA, NPR, , https://www.npr.org/2018/11/30/672150010/usmca-trump-signs-new-trade-agreement-withmexico-and-canada, Nov. 30, 8:35 AM; Bravo, R., Chatterley, J., (2018) Trump is Willing to Reopen TTIP amid EU-US Trade Dispute, Ross Says, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-29/trump-willing-to-reopen-ttip-amid-eu-u-s-trade-spat-ross-says, Mar. 29, 10:37 AM; Donald J. Trump, , https://www.donaldjtrump.com/about; U.S. Trade Representative, The President's 2017 Trade Policy Agenda, , https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/reports/2017/AnnualReport/Chapter%20I%20-%20The%20President%27s%20Trade%20Policy%20Agenda.pdf; Robertson, N., Dewan, A., (2017) G20: World Leaders at Odds with Trump on Trade, Climate, , http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/08/europe/g20-trump-merkel-trade-climate-change/index.html, July 8, 9:02 AM; McMaster, H.R., Cohn, G.D., Opinion, America First Doesn't Mean America Alone (2017) Wall Street J., p. A17. , May 31, at; (2018) White House, President Donald J. Trump's State of the Union Address, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trumps-state-union-address/, Jan. 30, emphasis added; (2018) The Latest: Trump Orders Tariffs on Steel, Aluminum Imports, , https://www.apnews.com/472d4cee3e384453ad8adc2ed67be2f6, Mar. 9; (2018) The Threat to World Trade: The Rules-Based System is in Grave Danger, , https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21738362-donald-trumps-tariffs-steel-and-aluminium-would-be-just-start-rulesbased-system, Mar. 8; Irwin, D.A., From Smoot-Hawley toReciprocal Trade Agreements: Changing the Course of U.S. Trade Policy in the 1930s 16 (1997) Nat'l Bureau of Econ. Research, Working Paper No. 5895; Gerhart, P.M., The World Trade Organization and Participatory Democracy: The Historical Evidence (2004) Vand. J. Transnat'l L., 37, pp. 907-908. , 897; Cho, S., Kelly, C.R., Are World Trading Rules Passé? (2013) VA. J. INT'L L., 53, pp. 623-630; Makinen, G.E., (1994) Cong.Research Serv., 94-518E, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff and the Great Depression of 1929-1933, CRS-2; Fetter, F.W., The Economists' Tariff Protest of 1930 (1942) AM. ECON. REV., 32, p. 355. , 355; Jones, V.C., (2011) Cong. Research Serv., RL32371, Trade Remedies: A Primer, p. 2; McGee, R.W., An Economic Analysis of Protectionism in the United States with Implications for International Trade in Europe (1993) GEO. WASH. J. INT'L L. & ECON., 26, pp. 542-549. , 539; Pareto, V., Schwier, A.S., Page, A.N., (1971) Manual of Political Economy, p. 379. , Ann S. Schwier trans. Augustus M. Kelley, 1927; Stiglitz, J., (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, p. 248; Howse, R., From Politics to Technocracy-and Back Again: The Fate of the Multilateral Trading Regime (2002) Am. J. Int'l L., 96, pp. 94-103; Trebilcock, M.J., (2011) Understanding Trade Law, p. 9; Appelbaum, B., Donald Trump Is Breaking with 200 Years of Economic Orthodoxy on Trade (2016) N.Y. TIMES, p. A18. , Mar. 11; Miles, T., Wider Benefits Seen in Trade Deals, Challenging Trump-Style Mercantilism (2017) REUTERS, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-competition/wider-benefits-seen-in-trade-deals-challenging-trump-stylemercantilism-idUSKCN1C919V, Oct. 4, 6:23 AM; Stern, P.J., Wennerlind, C., (2014) Mercantilism Reimagined: Political Economy in Early Modern Britain and its Empire, pp. 5-6; Rovegno, L., Trade Protection and Market Power: Evidence from US Antidumping and Countervailing Duties (2013) Rev. World Econ., 149, pp. 443-444; Hufbauer, G.C., Erb, J.S., (1984) Subsidies In International Trade, p. 8; Singh, G., (2017) Subsidies In The Context Of The Wto's Free Trade System: A Legal And Economic Analysis, p. 47; Zheng, W., Counting Once, Counting Twice: The Precarious State of Subsidy Regulation (2013) Stan. J. Int'l L., 49, pp. 427-434; Smith, J.M., (2014) AM. Law DIV., CONG. RESEARCH SERV., CRS-2014-AML-0291, NONAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES and INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW, p. 1; Hornbeck, J.F., (1996) CONG. RESEARCH SERV. RL96-487E, SUBSIDIES, COUNTERVAILING DUTIES, and the WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, p. 17; Cho, S., Anticompetitive Trade Remedies: How Antidumping Measures Obstruct Market Competition (2009) N.C. L. Rev., 87, pp. 357-367; Zheng, W., Reforming Trade Remedies (2012) MICH. J. INT'L L., 34, pp. 151-153; Bhala, R., Rethinking Antidumping Law (1995) Geo. Wash. J. 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J., 31, pp. 3-4; Bulloch, D., (2017) China is Not a Market Economy, and the WTO Won't Survive Recognizing It as Such, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglasbulloch/2017/12/08/china-is-not-a-market-economy-and-the-wto-wont-surviverecognising-it-as-such/, Dec. 8, 4:01 AM; Lawder, D., (2017) U.S. Formally Opposes China Market Economy Status at WTO, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-trade-wto/u-s-formally-opposes-chinamarket-economy-status-at-wto-idUSKBN1DU2VH, Nov. 30, 3:37 PM; Hsu, S., (2017) Rejecting China's Market Economy Status Could Have Huge Implications for U.S.-China Trade, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahsu/2017/12/04/u-s-rejection-of-china-market-economy-status-will-damagetrade-relations/, Dec. 4, 8:00 AM; (2017) China Airs 'Strong Dissatisfaction' over U.S. Statement to WTO: Xinhua, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-trade/china-airs-strong-dissatisfaction-over-u-sstatement-to-wto-xinhua-idUSKBN1DW0AP, Dec. 2, 5:49 AM; Meyer, T., Free Trade, Fair Trade, and Selective Enforcement (2018) COLUM. L. REV., 118, pp. 491-514; Mankiw, N.G., Swagel, P.L., Antidumping: The Third Rail of Trade Policy (2005) Foreign Aff., 84, pp. 107-113; Blonigen, B.A., Liebman, B., Wilson, W.W., Antidumping and Production-Line Exit: The Case of the US Steel Industry (2013) Rev. Indus. Org., 42, pp. 395-396; Trebilcock, M.J., Howse, R., (2005) The Regulation Of International Trade, p. 275. , 3d ed; Palmer, D., (2012) U.S. Bill Targeting Chinese Subsidies Goes to Obama, , https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-china-trade/u-s-bill-targetingchinese-subsidies-goes-to-obama-idINDEE8250HE20120306, Mar. 6, 2:59 PM; Messerlin, P.A., Schott, J.J., Antidumping (1990) COMPLETING the Uruguay ROUND: A RESULTS-ORIENTED APPROACH to the GATT TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, pp. 108-110},
correspondence_address1={Williams, N.; University of Wisconsin-MadisonUnited States},
publisher={Boston University Law Review},
issn={00068047},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Boston Univ. Law Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chuvakhina2019586,
author={Chuvakhina, L.G. and Pospelov, V.K. and Mironova, V.N. and Sumarokov, E.V.},
title={Problems of supply chain management formation of mega-regional free trade zones},
journal={International Journal of Supply Chain Management},
year={2019},
volume={8},
number={1},
pages={586-593},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063291212&partnerID=40&md5=25bcbd9684008b6646f41ea335b9356a},
affiliation={Department of World Economy, World Finance of Financial University under the Government of the Russia, Russian Federation},
abstract={One of the directions of the trade integration process of the economies of countries is the conclusion of multilateral and bilateral free trade agreements, the number of which is steadily growing and becoming an important factor in socio-economic development. Mutually beneficial terms of cooperation on a wide range of foreign economic relations that go beyond the limits of foreign trade operations for the supply chain management are determined and formed. Free movement of factors of production, support for fair competition, the protection of intellectual property rights, the cooperation in the field of industrial, scientific, technical and innovation interaction, the coordination and unification of the legislative framework of foreign economic policy form the basis of trade agreements between countries. However, the processes occurring in the global economy, caused primarily by the reluctance of the American leadership to hear other world trading players, frank calls for anti-trade trends in globalization cannot but provoke criticism from traditional American trading partners and closest political allies. Building a regional trade without the United States could lead to a whole coalition of former allies, from Canada to Great Britain, participating in trade wars against the Americans. © ExcelingTech Pub, UK.},
author_keywords={Competition policy;  Integration;  International trade;  Mega-regional zones;  Ratification of agreements;  Supply chain management;  Trade liberalization;  Transnational corporations (TNCs)},
references={Rodrik, D., Rebel with ideals, p. 3. , Finance and development. June 2016; Balassa, B., The Theory of Economic Integration: An Introduction, p. 173. , http://ieie.itam.mx/Alumnos2008/Theory%20of%20Economic%20Integration%20(Belassa).pdf; Johnson, D., Whats the Problem With "Free Trade"?, , https://ourfuture.org/20160313/whats-the-problem-with-free-trade; The White House is set to complete the creation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership in 2015, , http://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/1712770; Trans-Pacific Partnership as a reverse side of market liberalism, , http://topwar.ru/35998-trans-tihookeanskoe-partnerstvo-kak-iznanka-rynochnogo-liberalizma.html; Expert: The Future of Trans-Pacific Partnership is a large-scale threat to the participating countries, , http://russian.rt.com/article/19541; https://ustr/gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text; Chuvakhina, L.G., Trans-Pacific Partnership and the US Strategic Interests (2015) Economic Horizons, 4 (23), pp. 30-35; In Tokyo meeting, officials seek to forge ahead with TPP-even as Canada wavers, , https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/21/in-tokyo-meeting-officials-seek-to-forge-ahead-with-tpp-even-as-canada-wavers.html; Massive Pacific trade deal-without America-gets it ahead, , https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/23/canada-agrees-to-sign-revised-; Pacific Nations Clinch Comprehensive Trade Accord, , https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/pacific-natio; Going on the heaps of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, , http://www.ng.ru/dipkurer/2018-01-29/10_7160_ttp.html; Chuvakhina, L.G., Perspectives of the Trans-Pacific Partnership after the United States exit (2018) International Economics, (2), pp. 61-69; Chuvakhina, L.G., The new paradigm of american politics by the USA: myth or reality? Economy horizons, 1 (34), pp. 30-35; The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Why does it matter?, , http://www.oecd.org/trade/TTIP.pdf; US wants 'science' to settle GMO debate in trade deal with EU, , http://www.euractiv.com/section/science-policymaking/news/us-wants-science-to-settle-gmo-debate-in-trade-deal-with-eu; The transatlantic partnership will help the US to flood Europe with LNG, , http://www.warandpeace.ru/ru/ru/reports/view/111315/; Chuvakhina, L.G., Analysis of the prospects for the existence of the transatlantic partnership (2018) University Bulletin (State University of Management), (3), pp. 104-108; https://canadians.org/ceta; Italy may not ratify the CETA agreement, , https://carbofood.ru/novosti-rynka-ryby-pticzy-i-myasa/italiia-mojet-ne-ratificirovat-soglashenie-ceta-e; (2017) EY Tax Alerts, (41). , 26 September 2017; Stur Beata EU-Canada trade agreement enters into force, , https://www.neweurope.eu/article/eu-canada-trade-agreement-enters-force; Draft European Parliament legislative resolution, , http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?.type=REPORT&reference=A8-2014-0038&language=EN; (2017) Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; Canada would like to reduce its dependence on the US through a free trade zone with the EU, , http://tass.ru/ekonomika/4579978; Japan and the EU signed a free trade agreement-is this a protest against the USA?, , http://russian.cri.cn/news/Comment/383/20180718/159233.html; Agreement on economic partnership between Japan and the EU: a weighty statement about the importance of free trade, , https://www.nippon.com/ru/currents/d00437/; The European Union and Japan signed an agreement on economic partnership, , https://ria.ru/economy/20180717/1524764932.html},
publisher={ExcelingTech},
issn={20513771},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Supply Chain Manag.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Plakandaras2019,
author={Plakandaras, V. and Gogas, P. and Papadimitriou, T.},
title={The effects of geopolitical uncertainty in forecasting financial markets: A machine learning approach},
journal={Algorithms},
year={2019},
volume={12},
number={1},
doi={10.3390/a12010001},
art_number={1},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060467005&doi=10.3390%2fa12010001&partnerID=40&md5=ecba67e08cebb5e04734387023b3f538},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, 69100, Greece},
abstract={An important ingredient in economic policy planning both in the public or the private sector is risk management. In economics and finance, risk manifests through many forms and it is subject to the sector that it entails (financial, fiscal, international, etc.). An under-investigated form is the risk stemming from geopolitical events, such as wars, political tensions, and conflicts. In contrast, the effects of terrorist acts have been thoroughly examined in the relevant literature. In this paper, we examine the potential ability of geopolitical risk of 14 emerging countries to forecast several assets: oil prices, exchange rates, national stock indices, and the price of gold. In doing so, we build forecasting models that are based on machine learning techniques and evaluate the associated out-of-sample forecasting error in various horizons from one to twenty-four months ahead. Our empirical findings suggest that geopolitical events in emerging countries are of little importance to the global economy, since their effect on the assets examined is mainly transitory and only of regional importance. In contrast, gold prices seem to be affected by fluctuation in geopolitical risk. This finding may be justified by the nature of investments in gold, in that they are typically used by economic agents to hedge risk. © 2018 by the authors.},
author_keywords={Geopolitical Uncertainty;  Machine learning;  Support Vector Regression},
keywords={Artificial intelligence;  Costs;  Economics;  Financial markets;  Forecasting;  Gold;  Investments;  Risk management, Emerging countries;  Empirical findings;  Forecasting models;  Geopolitical events;  Geopolitical risks;  Geopolitical Uncertainty;  Machine learning approaches;  Support vector regression (SVR), Learning systems},
references={Carney, M., (2016) Uncertainty, the Economy and Policy, , Bank of England: London, UK; Economic Bulletin, Frankfurt, 2017, 3, , https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/economic-bulletin/html/eb201703.en.html, (accessed on 20 December 2018); Seeking Sustainable Growth: Short-Term Recovery, Long-Term Challenges. Washington, DC, USA, October 2017, , https://www.imf.org/~[]/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2017/October/pdf/main-chapter/text.ashx, (accessed on 20 December 2018); Alesina, A., Ozler, S., Roubini, N., Swagel, P., Political instability and economic growth (1996) J. Econ. Growth, 1, pp. 189-211; Asteriou, D., Siriopoulos, C., The role of political instability in stock market development and economic growth: The case of Greece (2000) Econ. Notes, 29, pp. 355-374; Kollias, C., Papadamou, S., Siriopoulos, C., (2012) Terrorism Induced Cross-Market Transmission of Shocks: A Case Study Using Intraday Data, , Economics of Security Working Paper, No. 66; Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW): Berlin, Germany; Blomberg, B., Hess, G., Jackson, H., Terrorism and the returns to oil (2009) Econ. Politics, 21, pp. 409-432; Antonakakis, N., Gupta, R., Kollias, C., Papadamou, S., Geopolitical risks and the oil-stock nexus over 1899-2016 (2017) Financ. Res. Lett, 23, pp. 165-173; Kollias, C., Kyrtsou, C., Papadamou, S., The Effects of Terrorism and War on the Oil Price-stock Index Relationship (2013) Energy Econ, 40, pp. 743-752; Drakos, K., Terrorism activity, investor sentiment and stock returns (2010) Rev. Financ. Econ, 19, pp. 128-135; Kollias, C., Papadamou, S., Stagiannis, A., Stock markets and terrorist attacks: Comparative evidence from a large and a small capitalization market (2011) Eur. J. Political Econ, 27, pp. S64-S77; Nikkinen, J., Omran, M., Sahlstrom, P., Aijo, J., Stock returns and volatility following the September 11 attacks: Evidence from 53 equity markets (2008) Int. Rev. Financ. Anal, 17, pp. 27-46; Gupta, R., Majumdar, A., Pierdzioch, C., Wohar, M.E., Do Terror Attacks Predict Gold Returns?. Evidence from a Quantile-Predictive-Regression Approach (2017) Q. Rev. Econ. Financ, 65, pp. 276-284; (2001) International Monetary Fund, pp. 14-33. , How has September 11 influenced the global economy. In World Economic Outlook; International Monetary Fund: Washington, DC, USA; Chapter 2; Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Pierdzioch, C., Wohar, M., Do terror attacks affect the dollar-pound exchange rate?. A nonparametric causality-in-quantiles analysis (2017) N. Am. J. Econ. Financ, 41, pp. 44-56; Filippou, I., Gozluklu, A., Taylor, M., Global Political Risk and Currency Momentum (2018) J. Financ. Quant. Anal, 53, pp. 2227-2259; Suleman, M.T., (2015) Political Uncertainty, Exchange Rate Return and Volatility, , https://ssrn.com/abstract=2598866, (accessed on 1 October 2018); Cosset, J.C., Doutriaux De La Rianderie, B., Political Risk and Foreign Exchange Rates: An Efficient-Market Approach (1985) Int. J. Bus. Stud, 16, pp. 21-55; Caldara, D., Iacovello, M., Measuring Geopolitical Risk Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; International Finance Discussion Paper; Federal Reserve: Washington, DC, USA, 2018; No; Davis, S., Policy Uncertainty vs. the VIX: Streets and Horizons (2017) Proceedings of the Federal Reserve Board Workshop on Global Risk, , Uncertainty, and Volatility, Washington, DC, USA, 25 September; Mensi, W., Beljid, M., Boubaker, A., Managi, S., Correlations and Volatility Spillovers across Commodity and Stock Markets: Linking Energies, Food, and Gold (2013) Econ. Model, 32, pp. 15-22; Mullainathan, S., Spiess, J., Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach (2017) J. Econ. Perspect, 31, pp. 87-106; Campbell, J.Y., Viewpoint: Estimating the equity premium (2008) Can. J. Econ, 41, pp. 1-21; Khandani, A.E., Kim, A.J., Lo, A.W., Consumer credit-risk models via machine-learning algorithms (2010) J. Bank. Financ, 34, pp. 2767-2787; Öğüt, H., Doğanay, M.M., Ceylan, N.B., Aktaş, R., Prediction of bank financial strength ratings: The case of Turkey (2012) Econ. Model, 29, pp. 632-640; Plakandaras, V., Gupta, R., Gogas, P., Papadimitriou, T., Forecasting the U.S., Real House Price Index (2015) Econ. Model, 45, pp. 259-267; Rubio, G., Pomares, H., Rojas, I., Herrera, L.J., A heuristic method for parameter selection in LS-SVM: Application to time series prediction (2011) Int. J. Forecast, 27, pp. 725-739; Cortes, C., Vapnik, V., Support-Vector Networks (1995) Mach. Learn, 20, pp. 273-297; (2018) Mineral Commodity Summaries 2018, , U.S. Geological Survey: Reston, VA, USA; Jones, A., Sackley, W., An uncertain suggestion for gold-pricing models: The effect of economic policy uncertainty on gold prices J. Econ. Financ, 40, pp. 367-379},
correspondence_address1={Gogas, P.; Department of Economics, Greece; email: pgkogkas@econ.duth.gr},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={19994893},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Algorithms},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Reader2019157,
author={Reader, L.},
title={‘An Alternative to Imperialism’: Leonard Woolf, The Labour Party and Imperial Internationalism, 1915–1922},
journal={International History Review},
year={2019},
volume={41},
number={1},
pages={157-177},
doi={10.1080/07075332.2017.1367706},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028527089&doi=10.1080%2f07075332.2017.1367706&partnerID=40&md5=14ed89f73c9f7d2cf39cf72e04b18e0f},
abstract={This article examines writings by the British Labour Party theorist Leonard Woolf on international government, imperialism, and the League of Nations. Woolf was a leading member of a group of party officials who supported a deepening commitment to the League of Nations in the immediate post First World War period. Woolf, and his colleagues in the Labour Party, argued that transforming the practice of economic imperialism in European colonies would help to ease tensions between the European powers. The result of such arguments was to present empire as a canvas for displaying an improved sense of European virtue. In particular, abandoning the practice of economic imperialism could instead allow colonial powers to meet their responsibility to ready colonial peoples for self-government and full participation in the global economy. The reforms proposed by Woolf and his Labour Party colleagues could be considered a last gasp of early twentieth century British imperial internationalism. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={British Empire;  British history;  Imperial internationalism;  Internationalism;  Labour Party;  League of Nations;  Leonard Woolf;  Mandate system},
correspondence_address1={Reader, L.email: ljr69@case.edu},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={07075332},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Hist. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rad201826,
author={Rad, M.K. and Azami, H. and Bakhshi, A. and Rasouli, M.},
title={Explaining the territoriality of fundamentalist organizations in fragile states (Case study: Isis in Egypt)},
journal={Geopolitics Quarterly},
year={2018},
volume={14},
number={1},
pages={26-57},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066798024&partnerID=40&md5=5d68775c4bec92aec689d509761817c5},
affiliation={Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran},
abstract={Intrduction Fundamentalism in the form of action and behavior is one of the security issues of today’s world, in such a way that territorialize and territoriality of the fundamentalist terrorist groups has become a major part of the world’s security literature. Over the past decade, the region of North Africa has emerged from internal crises, regional political and ideological rivalries, and the interference of trans-national powers as the focal point for the emergence and expansion of radical ideas in such a way that the costs and effects of macroeconomics at the internal and international levels. In the meantime, the northern continent of Africa, and in particular the Egyptian state as a fragile state, has created the internal factors and the role of regional and international intervention powers providing opportunities for the expansion of ISIS’s fundamentalist organization. With the advent of this group in Iraq and Syria, a new chapter was opened up on territorialization movements in the history of the region’s transformations. Initially, the group was able to exploit the security gaps and internal crises in the developments in the southwestern Asia region, especially in the Syria civil war and structural disruptions in Iraq. After setting up in the South West Asia region, ISIS chose North African countries, in particular, Egypt as their next destination in the form of an action territorialitionaly. Methodology The research is of a practical, applied and descriptive-analytical method. The required data and information is also provided by the library method. In this framework, first, using library studies (internal and external) of this research (documents and documents such as internal and external books, specialized journals and articles) as well as information from the World Wide Web (Internet) for collecting information. Then, using the above method, the data has been analyzed. Findins Since the Egyptian Sinai desert after the January 25, 2011 revolution, and the dismissal of Hosni Mubarak, has not been peaceful, it has become a security and pride for the Egyptian government at the time of Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.Sina’s special position is a fertile ground for terrorist groups, but the limitations in the Sinai desert have been such that over the past 40 years, they have prevented the development and establishment of infrastructures necessary to maintain security in the area.Alongside all of the above mentioned, the interconnectedness of internal factors such as the strategic situation and energy sources, the crisis of legitimacy, spatial inequalities (the center-periphery), the weakness of the national correctional elements, the weakness of the central government, and the intervention of regional actors And transnationalism, the decline of the global economy, and the consequences of instability, such as the reduction of tourist incomes, etc., provided grounds for the realization and domination of fundamentalist organizations such as ISIS and other united groups in Egypt. Conclusion The results of the research showed that the fragility of the state, the political and international conditions governing the north of the Sinai peninsula in Egypt after the formation of the Zionist regime, the Arab-Israeli wars and the Camp David peace treaty, along with the ideological geography of the region, the background The realization and domination of ISIL; however, the lack of coordination with the regional and global geopolitical system and the failure of this group in the process of territorialize prevented the emergence of a new political-spatial entity that was rooted in the fundamentalist terrorism. © 2018, Iranian Association of Geopolitics. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Egypt;  Fragile State;  Fundamentalism;  Territory;  Unified Field Theory},
references={Alexandria, S., (2015) Rising Terror Group in the Middle East and North Africa, , Nova Publisher; Amir Ahmadian, B., The Geopolitical Perspective of North Africa (1996) African Studies Research, No. 3 Summer Course, pp. 240-242. , Tehran: Center for African Studies; Asadi, A.A., From Establishment to Territorial Domination (2015) Tehran: Political Monthly-Atalyli Hammshahri Diplomatic No. 83, , [In Persian]; Bakhtiari, S., (2017) Comprehensive Atlas of Gytology 96-95, , (Full Guide to Today’s World), Tehran: GITA; Black Sell, M., (2006) Political Geography: London, , Rutledge; Brooks, R., (2005) Failed States Or the State as Failure?, , http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1108/; Chauvet, L., Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., The Cost of Failing States and the Limits to Sovereignty, IRD, DIAL (2007) Paris and Centre for the Study of African Economies, , University of Oxford; (1995) Political Geography of the Middle East and North Africa; Translator: Dorreh Mirahidar (Mohajerani), , Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs publication [In Persian]; Ebrahimi, N., (2015) The Process of Government - Nation-Building in Egypt, Tunisia and Libya after the Revolution, , Tehran: Center for Middle East Studies [In Persian]; Ebrahimnia, H., “The Current and Future Conditions of North African Countries (Emphasis on Egypt, Tunisia and Libya) (2016) Tehran: The Political Dialogue-Political Dialogue Monthly, 90, pp. 188-192; Etaat, J., Debiri, A.A., (2016) Terrorism; Spatial Dimensions and Global Reflections, , Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press, [In Persian]; Ezzati, E., (1999) Political Geography of the Islamic World, , Tehran: SAMT Publications [In Persian]; (2012), Egypt [In Persian]; Hafeznia, M.R., (2006) Geopolitical Principles and Concepts, , Mashhad: Papoli Publications [In Persian]; Hafeznia, M.R., Kaviani Rad, M., (2015) Philosophy of Political Geography, , Tehran: Research Center for Strategic Studies [In Persian]; Judaki, H., (2016) From Ansar Bayt Al-Maqdas to the Islamic State of ISIL in Sinai, , Tehran: Center for International Studies in Peace [In Persian]; Kaviani Rad, M., Processing of the concept of “territory” from the point of view of political geography, Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies (2013) Planning and Space Planning, 17 (4), pp. 43-62. , Winter, [In Persian]; Kaviani Rad, M., (2016) Social and Cultural Backgrounds of the Rise of the Islamic State, , Tehran: Tabnak; Lake, D.A., Rational Extremism: Understanding Terrorism in the Twenty First Century (2002) Dialogue IO, 1 (1), pp. 15-29; Majri, P., Maggioni, M., (2015) Twwiter and Jihad, the Comionication of Sterategy of ISIS, , Ispi; Michael, K., (2014) The Geopolitics of Isis and Their Social Media Strategies, , Posted on September 19, 2014; Hossein, M., Ghaderi Hajat, M., Space-geopolitical impunity and protest movements in the Middle East and North Africa (2011) Presented at the Conference of Islam and Geopolitical Developments in the Middle East and North Africa, , Tehran, the humanity sciencse thinkers House [In Persian]; Motahhreniya, M., (2015) The View of Israel and International Actors on ISIL, , http://www.dana.ir/News/127416.html?catid=7&title; Nejat, S.A., (2015) Isis Autopsy (Nature, Organizational Structure, Strategies and Outcomes), , Tehran: International Contemporary Abrar Contemporary Cultural Studies and Research Institute [In Persian]; Niakui, S.A., Recent Changes in the Middle East and North Africa; Different Origins and Consequences (2011) Foreign Relations Quarterly, Third Year, (4). , Winter; Philip, S., Dana, M.J., (2011) Global Terrorism and New Media; the Post-Alqaeda Generation, , London: Routledge 2011; Pour Saeed, F., The Transition of Terrorism in International Relations (2009) Strategic Studies Quarterly, (4). , 12th Year, Winter 2009; Price, B., (2014) The Group that Calls Itself Astate: Undrestanding the Evulution and Challenges of the Islamic State, , Combating Terrorism Center; Safavi, S.Y., (2015) Islamic World Collection (First Book: North Africa and West Asia), , Second Edition, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publishing Institute; Stafford, A., (2016) Emerging Terrorist Groups in the Middle East and North Africa, Translator: Javad Haggou, , Tehran: International Contemporary Abrar Contemporary Cultural Studies and Research Institute [In Persian]; Thomson, A., (2006) Introduction to Politics and Government in Africa, Translation by Ali Goliani and Ahmad Bakhshi, , Tehran: Cultural Institute of International Studies and Research of Abrar Contemporary; Tuker, C., The Islamic State Origins, Goals, and Future Implications (2014) The Eurasia Center, , July 13, 2014; Veisi, H., (2015) Concepts and Theories of Political Geography, , Tehran: Samt Publication [In Persian]; Yazdan Fam, M., (2009) Fragile States and Human Security, , Tehran: Strategic Studies Research Center},
correspondence_address1={Rad, M.K.; Kharazmi UniversityIran; email: Kaviani75@yahoo.com},
publisher={Iranian Association of Geopolitics},
issn={17354331},
language={Persian},
abbrev_source_title={Geopolit. Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Standing2018115,
author={Standing, G.},
title={The Precariat: Today’s Transformative Class?},
journal={Development (Basingstoke)},
year={2018},
volume={61},
number={1-4},
pages={115-121},
doi={10.1057/s41301-018-0182-5},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066337363&doi=10.1057%2fs41301-018-0182-5&partnerID=40&md5=c09990f808330d92e5a9a462de4bf95e},
affiliation={SOAS, University of London, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={Since 1980, the global economy has undergone a dramatic transformation, with the globalization of the labour force, the rise of automation, and—above all—the growth of Big Finance, Big Pharma, and Big Tech. The social democratic consensus of the immediate postwar years has given way to a new phase of capitalism that is leaving workers further behind and reshaping the class structure. The precariat, a mass class defined by unstable labour arrangements, lack of identity, and erosion of rights, is emerging as today’s ‘dangerous class.’ As its demands cannot be met within the current system, the precariat carries transformative potential. To realize that potential, however, the precariat must awaken to its status as a class and fight for a radically changed income distribution that reclaims the commons and guarantees a livable income for all. Without transformative action, a dark political era looms. © 2018, Society for International Development.},
author_keywords={Class conflict;  Class structure;  Financialization;  Precariat;  Rentier capitalism;  Social contract;  Universal basic income},
keywords={capitalism;  economic theory;  financial system;  global economy;  globalization;  income;  political economy;  post-war;  technological development;  theoretical study},
references={Du, C., (2017) The Chinese Precariat on the Internet, , PhD diss, Tilburg University; Standing, G., (2015) A Precariat Charter: From Denizens to Citizens, , Bloomsbury, London; Standing, G., (2016) The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, , 4, Bloomsbury, London; Standing, G., (2017) The Corruption of Capitalism: Why Rentiers Thrive and Work Does Not Pay, , Biteback, London; Standing, G., (2017) Basic Income: A Guide for the Open-Minded, , Yale University Press, New Haven; Standing, G., (2017) Basic Income: And How We Can Make It Happen, , Pelican, London},
correspondence_address1={Standing, G.; SOAS, United Kingdom; email: guystanding@standingnet.com},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={10116370},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Developmen},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ferguson2018239,
author={Ferguson, N. and Xu, X.},
title={Making Chimerica great again},
journal={International Finance},
year={2018},
volume={21},
number={3},
pages={239-252},
doi={10.1111/infi.12335},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059634937&doi=10.1111%2finfi.12335&partnerID=40&md5=d8ca0c12494f73e0ac773f2745a21282},
affiliation={Hoover Institution, Stanford, CA, United States; Central University of Finance and Economics, School of Economics, Beijing, China},
abstract={A decade after the outbreak of the global financial crisis, a large trade imbalance between the world's two biggest economies, the U.S. and China, still exists and is more politically contentious than ever. This economic relationship, which we termed ‘Chimerica’ in 2007, seemed likely to end as a result of the global financial crisis. Yet this did not happen. In this paper, we examine the evolution of Chimerica in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and explain how the stimulus policies of both the U.S. and China have contributed to its survival. We show how stimulus policies helped change Chimerica from a marriage of opposites to a marriage of equals. We then explain why this marriage is now destined for strife, in the form of a trade war between the U.S. and China. The consequences of such a trade war would deeply impact the global economy. We believe constructive negotiations on trade rebalancing and policy coordination are therefore needed to avoid a disruptive end to Chimerica. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd},
references={Autor, D.H., Dorn, D., Hanson, G.H., The China shock: Learning from labor-market adjustment to large changes in trade (2016) Annual Review of Economics, 8, pp. 205-240; Bernanke, B., (2005), The global saving glut and the US current account deficit, (77). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; Campbell, K.M., Ratner, E., (2018), (2). , . The China reckoning How Beijing defied American expectations., Foreign Affairs, 97, 60; David, H., Dorn, D., Hanson, G.H., The China syndrome: Local labor market effects of import competition in the United States (2013) American Economic Review, 103 (6), pp. 2121-2168; Dooley, M.P., Folkerts-Landau, D., Garber, P., The revived Bretton Woods system (2004) International Journal of Finance & Economics, 9 (4), pp. 307-313; Dooley, M., Folkerts-Landau, D., Garber, P., Bretton Woods II still defines the international monetary system (2009) Pacific Economic Review, 14 (3), pp. 297-311; Ferguson, N., Schularick, M., Chimerica” and the global asset market boom (2007) International Finance, 10 (3), pp. 215-239; Ferguson, N., Schularick, M., The end of Chimerica (2011) International Finance, 14 (1), pp. 1-26; Hughes, N.C., (2005), (4), pp. 94-106. , . A trade war with China?, Foreign Affairs, 84; Taylor, J.B., An international monetary system built on policy rules and strategies (2017) Rules for international monetary stability: Past, present and future, , M. D. Bordo, &, J. B. Taylor, (Eds.),, Stanford, CA, Hoover Institution Press; Xu, X., Han, A., (2018), . Will China collapse? A review, assessment and outlook. Hoover Economic Working Paper Series},
correspondence_address1={Xu, X.; Central University of Finance and Economics, China; email: seanxuxiang@126.com},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={13670271},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Financ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Haskaj20181148,
author={Haskaj, F.},
title={From biopower to necroeconomies: Neoliberalism, biopower and death economies},
journal={Philosophy and Social Criticism},
year={2018},
volume={44},
number={10},
pages={1148-1168},
doi={10.1177/0191453718772596},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046812384&doi=10.1177%2f0191453718772596&partnerID=40&md5=537e78498f240c73ef90a2f63edd01f7},
affiliation={University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States},
abstract={The deaths of millions from war, genocide, poverty and famine are symptomatic of a crisis that extends beyond site-specific failures of governance, culture or economies. Rather than reiterate standard critiques of capitalism, uneven development and inequality, this article probes and maps a shift in both the global economy and logic of capital that posits death as a central activity of value creation. “Crisis,” then, is more than an accidental failure or inconvenient side effect of either global economy or political reality, but pivotal to both. Extending notions of biopower and necropolitics, I argue that, due to the extension of market logic, populations have been reconfigured and reconceptualized as “excess”-not only disposable but also fundamentally valued only in their negation. This devaluation of selected population is devalorization of living labor, thus creating a space for death as a generalized commodity, market and economic activity. Crucially, this shift exceeds the historic understandings of labor, value and politics, forcing a revaluation of biopower and of extant understandings of the global economic and political order. Death as a source of value marks an entirely new space in capital that exceeds its former limits. This process can be seen in examples of genocidal warfare, ethnic cleansing, environmental “disasters” and globalized poverty that function as industries of death, mining the accumulated stored value of life, as death, and as an activity itself, instead of the old extractive exploitation of living labor. © The Author(s) 2018.},
author_keywords={Biopower;  Critical theory;  Foucault;  Genocide;  Globalization;  Labor;  Marx;  Necropolitics;  Neoliberalism;  Political economy},
references={Agamben, G., (1998) Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, , Stanford, California: Stanford University Press; Anderson, B., (2006) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, , New York: Verso Books; Aronowitz, S., Difazio, W., (2010) The Jobless Future, , 2nd edition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Banerjee, S., Live and Let Die: Colonial Sovereignties and the Death Worlds of Necrocapitalism (2006) Borderlands E-Journal, , http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol5no1_2006/banerjee_live.htm, (accessed 24 July 2017); Baucom, I., Spectres of the Atlantic (2001) South Atlantic Quarterly, 100 (1), pp. 61-82. , https://doi:10.1215/00382876-100-1-1, (accessed 9 January 2018); Baucom, I., (2005) Specters of the Atlantic: Finance Capital, Slavery, and the Philosophy of History, , Durham: Duke University Press; Baudrillard, J., (1987) Forget Foucault, , New York: Columbia University Press; Bauman, Z., (2004) Wasted Lives: Modernity and Its Outcasts, , Malden: Polity Blackwell; Belk, R.W., Wallendorf, M., Sherry, J.F., The Sacred and the Profane in Consumer Behavior: Theodicy on the Odyssey (1989) Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (1), pp. 1-38. , https://doi:10.1086/209191, (accessed 25 January 2018); Biehl, J., (2013) Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Bodnar, C., Taking it to the Streets: French Cultural Worker Resistance and the Creation of a Precariat Movement (2006) Canadian Journal of Communication, 31 (3); Burchell, G., Gordon, C., Miller, P., (1991) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Burroughs, W.S., (1971) Electronic Revolution, 1970-1971, , Cambridge: Blackmoor Head Press; Chandler, D., (2006) From Kosovo to Kabul and Beyond: Human Rights and International Intervention, , London: Pluto Press; Collier, S.J., Ong, A., Global assemblages, anthropological problems (2005) Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems, pp. 3-21. , 1st edition. Malden: Blackwell; Cramer, C., Homo Economicus Goes to War: Methodological Individualism, Rational Choice and the Political Economy of War (2002) World Development, 30 (11), pp. 1845-1864; Dallaire, R., Dupuis, R., (2007) Shake Hands with the Devil (Jai Serre La Main Du Diable)”, , [film]. Montreal: Seville Productions; Deleuze, G., Postscript on the Societies of Control (2010) Cultural Theory: An Anthology, 59, pp. 3-7. , (Giles Deleuze. October, edited by Imre Szeman, and Timothy Kaposy, 139-42. Malden: Blackwell; Derrida, J., Spectres of Marx (1994) New Left Review, 205, pp. 31-58; Dillon, M., Governing Terror: The State of Emergency of Biopolitical Emergence (2007) International Political Sociology, 1 (1), pp. 7-28; Einstein, M., (2007) Brands of Faith: Marketing Religion in a Commercial Age, , Abingdon: Routledge; Esposito, R., (2008) Bíos: Biopolitics and Philosophy, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Esposito, R., (2011) Immunitas: The Protection and Negation of Life, , Cambridge: Polity; Ferguson, J., (2006) Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, , Durham: Duke University Press; Ferguson, J., The Uses of Neoliberalism (2010) Antipode, 41, pp. 166-184; Foucault, M., (2010) The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège De France, 1978-1979, , London: Picador/MacMillan; Foucault, M., (2012) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of The Prison, , New York: Knopf Doubleday; Giroux, H.A., (2011) Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism, , New York: Peter Lang; Green, D.G., The New Conservatism: The Counter-Revolution in Political (1987) Economic and Social Thought, , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2000) Empire, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Harvey, D., (1982) The Limits to Capital, , Oxford: Blackwell; Harvey, D., (2006) Spaces of Global Capitalism, , London: Verso; Harvey, D., (2007) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Haskaj, F., Manufacturing Subsovereignty: Philosophy, Politics and Primitive Accumulation (2008) Albanian Journal of Politics, 4 (2), pp. 70-97; Helmreich, S., Species of Biocapital (2008) Science as Culture, 17 (4), pp. 463-478; Hunt, L.A., (2007) Inventing Human Rights: A History, , New York: WW Norton & Company; James, E.C., The Political Economy of ‘Trauma’ in Haiti in the Democratic Era of Insecurity. Culture (2004) Medicine and Psychiatry, 28 (2), pp. 127-149; Jameson, F., (1991) Postmodernism, Or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, , Durham: Duke University Press; Kavanagh, D.A., (1987) Thatcherism and British Politics, , The End of Consensus? Oxford: Clarendon; Keyes, W.J., (1974) Manila Scavengers: The Struggle for Urban Survival. Quezon City: Institute of Philippine Culture, , Ateneo de Manila University Press; Klein, N., (2007) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Lazzarato, M., From Biopower to Biopolitics (2002) Pli: The Warwick Journal of Philosophy, 13 (8), pp. 112-125; Le, B.P., The Political Economy of Resource Wars (2000) Angola’s War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds. Pretoria: Institute for Strategic Studies, pp. 21-42. , University of Pretoria (with support from the Government of Finland); Lee, P.J., Raban, C., (1988) Welfare Theory and Social Policy: Reform Or Revolution?, , London: Sage; Luxton, M., Braedley, S., (2010) Neoliberalism and Everyday Life, 9p. , http://site.ebrary.com/lib/berkeley/doc?id=10577757, (accessed 2 February 2018); Macrae, J., Zwi, A., (1994) War and Hunger: Rethinking International Responses to Complex Emergencies, , London: Zed Books in association with Save the Children Fund (UK); Mamdani, M., (2014) When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Marquand, D., (1988) The Unprincipled Society: New Demands and Old Politics, , London: J. Cape; Marshall, T.H., Bottomore, T., (1987) Citizenship and Social Class, , London: Pluto Press; Marx, K., Engels, F., (1977) Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, , Moscow: Progress Publishers; Mbembe, J.-A., Meintjes, L., Necropolitics (2003) Public Culture, 15 (1), pp. 11-40; Medina, M., (2007) The World’s Scavengers: Salvaging for Sustainable Consumption and Production, , Lanham: AltaMira/Rowman & Littlefield; Montag, W., Necro-Economics: Adam Smith and Death in the Life of the Universal (2005) Radical Philosophy, 134-12 (11), pp. 7-17; Nadesan, M.H., (2010) Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life, , Abingdon: Taylor=& Francis; Ong, A., (2006) Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty, , Durham: Duke University Press; Patterson, O., (1982) Slavery and Social Death, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Rajan, K.S., (2006) Biocapital: The Constitution of Postgenomic Life, , Durham: Duke University Press; Roof, W.C., (2001) Spiritual Marketplace: Baby Boomers and the Remaking of American Religion, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Rose, N., Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine (2006) Power and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Rose, N., Paul, R., (2003) Thoughts on the Concept of Biopower Today., , http://www.molsci.org/research/publications_pdf/rose_rabinow_biopower_today.pdf, (accessed 25 January 2018); Sharp, L.A., Commodified Kin: Death, Mourning, and Competing Claims on the Bodies of Organ Donors in the United States.” (2001) American Anthropologist, 103 (1), pp. 112-133. , http://doi.10.1525/aa.2001.103.1.112, (accessed 25 January 2018); Suzuki, H., (2002) The Price of Death: The Funeral Industry in Contemporary Japan, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Virno, P., (1999) The Memory of the Present: Essay on Historical Time (Il Ricordo Del Presente: Saggio Sul Tempo Storico), , 1st edition. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri; Vora, K., Others Organs: South Asian Domestic Labor and the Kidney Trade.” (2008) Postmodern Culture, 19 (1); Wright, M.W., (2006) Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism, , New York: Routledge},
correspondence_address1={Haskaj, F.; University of California, 101 Stephens Hall, United States; email: Haskaj@berkeley.edu},
publisher={SAGE Publications Inc.},
issn={01914537},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Philos. Soc. Crit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor20181,
title={World Economic Prospects Monthly},
journal={Economic Outlook},
year={2018},
volume={42},
pages={1-29},
doi={10.1111/1468-0319.12370},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055292448&doi=10.1111%2f1468-0319.12370&partnerID=40&md5=32d34ae3aba3625963af8c82e1022c29},
abstract={Overview: US strength has a sting in the tail for EM. ▀ Although we have made no changes to our overall global GDP forecasts, we now see the US expansion easing more gradually in 2019 than previously assumed. But the knock-on effects of faster Fed tightening and a stronger US$, at least in the short term, have prompted us to become more downbeat about growth prospects in the emerging markets (EM). ▀ World GDP growth in H1 was remarkably resilient. But recent news has been more negative overall. The global composite PMI in September fell to its lowest level this year, perhaps a sign that the gloomy mood music of H1 is finally filtering through to the real economy. Meanwhile, some of the key concerns of 2018 to date – protectionism, populism in Italy, higher oil prices and tougher conditions for emerging markets – have either escalated or remain firmly to the fore. ▀ The big plus has been signs that the US economy is continuing to fare well and appears resilient to the threat from trade wars. Despite President Trump announcing tariffs on a further $200bn of Chinese goods, we have raised our 2019 US GDP growth forecast by 0.2pp to 2.5%. However, this positive development has a sting in the tail. This strength, along with Fed comments, has led us to raise our Fed funds forecast – we now see three, rather than two, hikes in 2019. Concerns that the US neutral interest rate is rising has also pushed up bond yields. All this may prompt the US dollar to rise further in the near term. ▀ These developments, plus a slightly weaker outlook for China, higher oil prices and recent EM financial market weakness, have prompted us to downgrade our emerging market forecasts. We now see GDP growth in EMs slowing from 4.4% this year to 4.2% in 2019 (down 0.2pp from last month). ▀ Overall, we see world GDP growth slowing from 3.1% this year to a still-solid 2.8% in 2019. Recession risks still appear very low for 2019, but vulnerabilities have risen. © Oxford Economics 2018},
keywords={economic development;  economic growth;  global economy;  Gross Domestic Product, United States},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={0140489X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Outlook},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Floyd2018437,
author={Floyd, D.},
title={Why might US threats of protectionism have limited consequences for the further expansion of the global economy?},
journal={Strategic Change},
year={2018},
volume={27},
number={5},
pages={437-439},
doi={10.1002/jsc.2227},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055886688&doi=10.1002%2fjsc.2227&partnerID=40&md5=734467ea02f88feb928f0ade6778e27c},
affiliation={Lincoln International Business School, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom},
abstract={Protectionism is the main risk for the global economy. This article sets out to examine the current developments in global trade and the specific trade policies being adopted by major trading nations. Evidence would suggest that global ties have come a considerable way since the initial promotion of trade through the International Monetary Fund and US at the start of the post war period. The rising growth in the Asian and Far East economy and other emerging markets is also playing its part in supporting the process. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
references={Floyd, D., Should we be worried about the increasing foreign ownership of UK industries? (2016) Theoretical Economic Letters, 6, pp. 178-185; Floyd, D., Ardley, B., Rahman, M., Brexit and uncertain times (2017) Management Services, 61 (4), pp. 11-18; Hill, C., (2015) International business, , New York, NY, McGraw Hill; Hutton, W., (1998) The state we're in, , New York, NY, Vintage publications; Krugman, P., (2008) International economics, , Boston, MA, Addison Wesley; Romer, P., (1996) Advanced macroeconomics, , New York, NY, McGraw Hill; Smith, A., (1993) Wealth of nations (abridged), , Indianapolis, IN, Hackett Publications; Stiglitz, J., (2002) Globalisation and its discontents, , London, UK, Penguin Books; (2013), October 12)., The Economist; (2017), United Nations Publications; (2017), The Economist Publications; (2018), The Economist Publications; (2018), (January 10,,). The future of the Toyota and Mazda Auto Plant},
correspondence_address1={Floyd, D.; Lincoln International Business School, United Kingdom; email: dfloyd@lincoln.ac.uk},
publisher={Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia},
issn={10991697},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Strateg. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stiglitz2018133,
author={Stiglitz, J.E.},
title={Rethinking globalization in the trump era: US-China relations},
journal={Frontiers of Economics in China},
year={2018},
volume={13},
number={2},
pages={133-146},
doi={10.3868/s060-007-018-0010-3},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053009532&doi=10.3868%2fs060-007-018-0010-3&partnerID=40&md5=28c878bc0992cc696de38274faf64d4c},
affiliation={Business School, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Economics, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY  10027, United States},
abstract={The global economic and political order that was created in the aftermath of World War II is under attack by President Donald Trump. In this article, Nobel Prize Laureate Joseph Stiglitz discusses the scope for protectionist actions by President Trump and suggests how countries such as China could and should respond. In particular, he proposes a set of ten principles that should guide China's response, principles designed to enhance a more stable and efficient multi-polar system of global governance that can contribute to a stronger global economy. © 2018 Higher Education Press Limited Company. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  International trade;  US-China relations},
references={Newbery, David, Stiglitz, J. E., Pareto Inferior Trade (1984) Review of Economic Studies, 51 (1), pp. 1-12. , January; Stiglitz, J. E., (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, , the discussion in New York: W.W. Norton; (2016) The Euro: How a Common Currency Threatens the Future of Europe, , New York: W. W. Norton, (in Chinese simplified characters by China Machine Press); (2017) Macro-economic Management in an Electronic Credit/Financial System, , NBER Working Paper 23032, January; Stiglitz, J. E., Kennedy, D., Institutional Design for China's Innovation System Law and Economic Development with Chinese Characteristics: Institutions for the 21st Century, pp. 247-277. , I discuss some of the broader issues in designing an innovation system for China, including what kind of IPR regime maximizes innovation and societal wellbeing in in (eds), New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, (published in simplified Chinese by China People's Publishing House); (2006) Chapter 4 in Making Globalization Work, , also New York: WW Norton, (published in simplified Chinese by China People's Publishing House); The Economic Foundations of Intellectual Property (2007) sixth annual Frey Lecture in Intellectual Property, 57 (6), pp. 1693-1724. , Duke University, February 16, Duke Law Journal April 2008},
correspondence_address1={Stiglitz, J.E.; Business School, United States; email: jes322@columbia.edu},
publisher={Higher Education Press Limited Company},
issn={16733444},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Front. Econ. China},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{LeatonGray20181,
author={Leaton Gray, S. and Scott, D. and Mehisto, P.},
title={Curriculum reform in the European schools: Towards a 21st century vision},
journal={Curriculum Reform in the European Schools: Towards a 21st Century Vision},
year={2018},
pages={1-183},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-71464-6},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054043609&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-71464-6&partnerID=40&md5=777612983c93f5a50ebf28145eb9562c},
affiliation={UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={This open access book examines the modern role of the European School system within the European Union, at a time when the global economy demands a new vision for contemporary education. The European schools are currently in a state of crisis: their 60-year-old tradition of bilingual and multilingual education is being strained by rapid EU expansion and the removal of English speaking teachers as a result of Brexit. Their tried and tested model of mathematics and science education has rapidly been overtaken by new developments in pedagogy and assessment research, while recruitment and retention of students and teachers has become increasingly fraught as European member states review what they are, and what they are not, prepared to fund. The authors draw on original and empirical research to assess the European Schools' place in a new Europe where the entire post-war European Project is potentially at risk. This well-researched volume will be of interest to practitioners working in European schools as well as students and scholars of EU politics and international education. © The Author(s) 2018. All Rights Reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Leaton Gray, S.; UCL Institute of EducationUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Springer International Publishing},
isbn={9783319714646; 9783319714639},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Curric. Reform in the Eur. Sch.: Towards a 21st Century Vis.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Boylan20181,
author={Boylan, M.},
title={The morality and global justice reader},
journal={The Morality and Global Justice Reader},
year={2018},
pages={1-426},
doi={10.4324/9780429496240},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075447550&doi=10.4324%2f9780429496240&partnerID=40&md5=88d8b0ab790fbb6c7d55071b24ef59c5},
affiliation={University of Chicago, United States},
abstract={This cutting-edge volume of original essays features a diverse, international team of prominent scholars examining issues of morality and justice within a global perspective. The chapters are grouped according to an integrative design that progresses from normative principles to normative theories to normative applications. Applications chapters address current significant and provocative topics such as poverty and the global economy; global health; religion; war; and gender, identity, and family. Distinguished philosopher and volume editor Michael Boylan provides a unifying introduction to each section. In addition, an abstract and list of key words provide readers with an informative entry into each reading. An engaging resource for all students of philosophy and politics, The Morality and Global Justice Reader not only offers an essential foundation of global justice and its policy implications, but also aims to inspire readers to positive action for change. © 2011 by Michael Boylan. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Boylan, M.; University of ChicagoUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429964794; 9780813344331},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Moral. and Glob. Justice Read.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ansprenger20181,
author={Ansprenger, F.},
title={The dissolution of the colonial empires},
journal={The Dissolution of the Colonial Empires},
year={2018},
pages={1-338},
doi={10.4324/9781351024068},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068322793&doi=10.4324%2f9781351024068&partnerID=40&md5=289b1ece85018d81182cf59fff21e5f9},
abstract={First published in 1989. On the eve of the First World War, almost 72 million square kilometres of territory and more than 560 million people were under colonial rule. By 1980 the European colonial empires had disappeared from the map. Concentrating in particular on the British Commonwealth and the French colonial empire, the author shows how economic and political changes in the mother countries, the awakening national consciousness of the African and Asian peoples, and the effects of two World Wars had all compelled Europe to decolonize. He argues that although a satisfactory new order in world politics and the global economy has not been achieved in the process, the dissolution of the empires came about with remarkably little bloodshed, thereby laying a solid foundation for the future. The author concludes by looking at the legacy of the decolonized world in the late 1980s. He examines the last bastion of European colonial domination (South Africa) and discusses the emerging new North-South relations. © 1981 Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich. All rights reserved.},
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Die moderne politischen Bewegungen imAjrikajranzosicher Priigung, , Cologne; Benoist, J.-R., (1979) La Balkanisation del 'Afrique Occidentale Franfaise, , Dakar; Cohen, W.B., (1971) Rulers of Empire; the French colonial service in Africa, , Stanford, Calif; Delavignette, R., (1946) ServiceAfricain, , Paris; Elsenhans, H., (1974) Frankreichs Algerienpolitik 1954-1962, Entkolonisierungsversuch einer kapitalistischen Metropole, , Munich; Favrod, C.-H., (1962) Le FLN et !'Algerie, , Paris; Julien, C.-A., (1952) 21972, L'AjriqueduNordenMarche, , 2ndedn, Paris; LeTourneau, R., (1962) Evolution del 'Afrique du Nord musulmane 1920-1961, , Paris; Quandt, W.B., (1969) Revolution and Political Leadership; Algeria 1954-1969, , London/Cambridge, Mass; Schachter-Morgenthau, R., (1964) Political Parties in French-Speaking West Africa, , Oxford; Senghor, L.S., (1971) Liberteii: Nation et voie africaine du socialisme, , Paris; Smith, T., (1978) The French Stake in Algeria 1945-62, , Ithaca, NY; Suret-Canale, J., (1961-72)Afrique Noire Occidentaleet Centrale, 3. , Paris; Toure, S., (1959) L 'Experienceguineenneet !'Unite africaine, , Paris; Weinstein, B., (1972) Eboue, , New York; Bernhardt, F., (1971) Die 'Kollaboration 'asiatischer Volker mit der japanischen Besatzungsmacht im Zweitem Weltkrieg als Glied im Dekolonisationsprozess, , Hamburg; Elsbree, W.H., (1953) Japan'sRoleinSouth-EastAsiaticNationalistMovements 1940-1945, , Cambridge, Mass; Jansen, M., (1975) japanand China:from war to peace, , 1894-1972, Chicago; Kublin, H., The evolution ofjapanese colonialism (1959), Comparative Studies in Society and History II; Lockwood, W., (1979) The Economic Development of japan: growth and structural changel868-1938, , Princeton, NJ; Mayo, M., (1970) TheEmergenceofimperialjapan: Self-Difenceor CalculatedAggression?, , Lexington; Myers, R.H., Peatte, M.R., (1984) The japanese Colonia/Empire, , 1895-1945, Princeton, NJ; Nation, A., (1973) Korea under Japanese Colonial Rule: Studies of the Policy and Techniques of japanese Colonialism, , Michigan; Starry, R., (1979) Japan andtheDeclineofthe West, 1894-1943, , London; Baer, G.W., (1967) The Coming of the Italo-Ethiopian War, , Cambridge, Mass; Bandin, F., (1971) Gli Italiani in Africa: storia delle guerre coloniali 1882-1943, , Milan; Becker, G.H., (1952) The Disposition of the Italian Colonies, 1941-1951, , Annemasse; Del Boca, A., (1969) The Ethiopian War 1935-1941, , London; Hess, R.L., (1966) Italian Colonialism in Somalia, , Chicago; Khadduri, M., (1963) ModernLibya, , Princeton, NJ; Pelt, A., (1970) Libyan Independence and the United Nations: a case of planned decolonization, , New Haven, Conn; Serge, C., (1974) Fourth Shore: the Italian colonization of Libya, , Chicago; Wright, J., (1982) Libya:amodernhistory, , London; Bilsen, A.A.J., Vers l'Iridependancedu Congo etdu Ruanda-Urundi, , (1977; lst edn, 1956), Brussels; Congo 1959; Congo 1960, 4. , (Les Dossiers du CRISP), Brussels; Dahm, P., (1966) Sukamo's Kampfumlndonesiens Unabhiingigkeit: Werdegang und ldeen eines asiatischen Nationalisten, , Frankfurt; Gann, L.H., Duignan, P., (1979) The Rulers of the Belgian Africa 1884-1914, , Princeton, NJ; Kahin, G.McT., (1952) Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, , Ithaca, NY; Kat Angelino, A.D.A., (1931) Colonial Policy, 2. , The Hague; Legge, G.D., (1964) Indonesia, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Legge, G.D., (1972) Sukamo: a political biography, , London; Lierde, J., (1963) La Penseepolitiquede Patrice Lumumba, , Paris; Young, C., (1965) Politics in the Congo: theriseandfall ofLumumba, , Harmondsworth; Abshire, D.M., Samuels, M.A., (1969) Portuguese Africa - a Handbook, , London; Cabral, A., (1980) Unity and Struggle: speeches and writings selected by the PAIGC, , London; Clarence-Smith, G., (1985) The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825-1975: a study in economic imperialism, , Manchester; Clausen, V., (1978) Der Konjliktumdie Westsahara, , Munich; Davidson, B., (1975) In the EyeojtheStorm: Angola 'speople, , 2nd edn, London; Duffy, J., (1962) Portugal in Africa, , Harmondsworth; Heimer, F.W., (1979) Der Entkolonisierungskonjlikt in Angola, , Munich; Marcum, J.A., The Angolan Revolution, 2. , (1969 and 1978), London/Cambridge, Mass; Middlemas, K., (1975) Cabora Bass a, Engineering and Politics in Southern Africa, , London; Mondlane, E., (1969) The Struggle for Mozambique, , Harmondsworth; Moreira, A., (1963) Portugals Uberseepolitik, , Baden-Baden; Rudebeck, L., (1974) Guinea-Bissau: a study of political mobilization, , Uppsala; Thompson, V., Adloff, R., (1980) The WestemSaharans: background to conflict, , London},
correspondence_address1={Ansprenger, F.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351024051; 9781138495418},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Dissolution of the Colon. Emp.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Chowdhury20181,
author={Chowdhury, A. and Ocampo, J.A.},
title={The global economy since the second World War through the lens of the United Nations},
journal={The World Economy through the Lens of the United Nations},
year={2018},
pages={1-30},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050065373&partnerID=40&md5=8d39ef7ae702a69406d089d5440f91e7},
affiliation={Western Sydney University, Australia; University of New South Wales, Australia; Banco de la República, Colombia's central bank, Colombia},
references={Chenery, H., Strout, A., Foreign Assistance and Economic Development (1966) American Economic Review, 56 (4), pp. 679-733; Chowdhury, A., Achieving Full Employment: Some Lessons from the Australian Experience (2005) Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 48 (1), pp. 63-81; (2008) The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Dasgupta, A.K., Keynesian Economics and Under-Developed Countries (1954) Economic and Political Weekly, , January 26; Emmerij, L., Jolly, R., Weiss, T., (2001) Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges, , United Nations Intellectual History Project. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; Jolly, R., The UN and Development Policies (2010), http://www.unhistory.org/briefing/7UNandDevStrategies.pdf; Jolly, R., Emmerij, L., Weiss, T., (2005) The Power of UN Ideas: Lessons from the First 60 Years, , United Nations Intellectual History Project. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; Rahman, A., Foreign Capital and Domestic Savings: A Test of Haavelmo's Hypothesis with Cross-Country Data (1968) Review of Economics and Statistics, , February; Rao, V.K.R.V., Investment, Income and the Multiplier in an Underdeveloped Economy (1952) Indian Economic Review, 1 (1), pp. 55-67; Thirlwall, A.P., The Balance of Payments Constraint as an Explanation of International Growth Rate Differences (1979) Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, , March},
correspondence_address1={Chowdhury, A.; Western Sydney UniversityAustralia},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198817345},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The World Econ. through the Lens of the U. N.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Chowdhury20181,
author={Chowdhury, A. and Ocampo, J.A. and Alarcón, D.},
title={The world economy through the lens of the United Nations},
journal={The World Economy through the Lens of the United Nations},
year={2018},
pages={1-296},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050058461&partnerID=40&md5=1d3f5063370fade98a94e93be57bc871},
affiliation={Western Sydney University, Australia; University of New South Wales, Australia; Banco de la República, Colombia's central bank, Colombia},
abstract={This edited volume documents the intellectual influence of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) through its flagship publication, the World Economic and Social Survey (WESS) on its 70th Anniversary. First published in 1948, as World Economic Report, WESS is the oldest continuous post-World War II publication recording and analysing the performance of the global economy and social development trends. It offers relevant policy recommendations and highlights how well the United Nation's (UN) annual report has tracked global economic and social conditions, and how its analyses influenced and were influenced by the prevailing development discourse during the past seven decades. It also critically reflects on its policy recommendations and their influence on actual policy-making and the shaping of the world economy. The World Economy through the Lens of the United Nations reflects on this report, amongst others, to provide valuable insights on global economic challenges and their differential impacts on different groups of countries requiring global policy coordination as well as context specific policy responses. It demonstrates that UN reports have often been ahead of the curve and played a critical role in policy debate, especially in the area of international policy coordination and coherence for balanced global development, and offers rich and path-breaking analyses of contemporary problems of growth, development, trade and stabilization. © Oxford University Press 2018. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Chowdhury, A.; Western Sydney UniversityAustralia},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198817345},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The World Econ. through the Lens of the U. N.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Niebuhr201891,
author={Niebuhr, R.},
title={The road to the chaco war: Bolivia’s modernisation in the 1920s},
journal={War and Society},
year={2018},
volume={37},
number={2},
pages={91-106},
doi={10.1080/07292473.2018.1433601},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041624118&doi=10.1080%2f07292473.2018.1433601&partnerID=40&md5=f6a741610ac00b46a32d9a5d051331b7},
affiliation={The Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States},
abstract={When Bolivian and Paraguayan leaders entered into war over the contested Chaco Boreal in 1932, they unleashed powerful, violent forces that would dramatically alter history. Understanding the Chaco War as the most pivotal event in Bolivia’s modern history, this article seeks to clarify the modernisation programme that had been underway in Bolivia during the 1920s. Reforms marked the decade and intersected with and accentuated a tense political environment. The political dynamic of the years prior to the outbreak of war showed how fragile the Bolivian system was and how the global economy further eroded the government’s manoeuvrability to avoid war. © 2018 School of Humanities, University of New South Wales.},
author_keywords={Bolivia;  Chaco war;  Globalisation;  Modernization;  Populism;  Saavedra;  Salamanca},
references={Jones, W.K., Literature of the Chaco War (1938) Hispania, 21 (1), p. 33. , February; Jones, W.K., Literature of the Chaco War (1938) Hispania, 21 (1), p. 33. , February; Saeger, J.S., (2000) The Chaco Mission Frontier: The Guaycuruan Experience, p. 166. , Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press; Mesa, J.D., Gisbert, T., Mesa Gisbert, C.D., (1997) Historia De Bolivia, pp. 528-530. , La Paz: Editorial Gisbert Y CIA S.A; Leal, J.F., (1984) Populismo Y Revolución, p. 21. , México City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Klein, H., (1969) Parties and Political Change in Bolivia, 1880–1952, p. 12. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Bedregal, J., El Desarrollo de la Minería en Bolivia V. 13 Documentos Políticos (1973) Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, p. 11; Young, K.A., Purging the Forces of Darkness: The United States, Monetary Stabilization, and the Containment of the Bolivian Revolution (2013) Diplomatic History, 37 (3), p. 511; Knight, A., Populism and Neo-Populism in Latin America, Especially Mexico (1998) Journal of Latin American Studies, 30 (2), p. 223; Weyland, K., Clarifying a Contested Concept: Populism in the Study of Latin American Politics (2001) Comparative Politics, 34 (1), pp. 1-22; Alexander, R.J., (2005) A History of Organized Labor in Bolivia, p. 1. , New York: Praeger; Arditi, B., (2007) Politics on the Edge of Liberalism: Difference, Populism, Revolution, Agitation, p. 43. , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; Salguerio, A.V., (1996) La Nacion Boliviana Y Franz Tamayo, pp. 12-13. , La Paz: Casa de la Cultura; Knudson, J.W., (1986) Bolivia: Press and Revolution 1932–1964, pp. 3, 9. , New York: University Press of America; Fifer, J.V., (1972) Bolivia: Land, Location, and Politics since 1825, pp. 99, 102–3. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Mitchell, R., (1977) The Legacy of Populism in Bolivia: From the MNR to Military Rule, p. 12. , New York: Praeger; Medina, A.H., El camino a Santa Cruz (1937) Claridad, 9, p. 3. , October; James, H.G., News and Notes (1921) The Southwestern Political Science Quarterly, 2 (3), pp. 247-248; Alonso, S.F., Colonizacion (1886) La Industria, p. 2. , 7 September; Basto, F.L.B., (1970) Sintese Da Historia Da Imigraçao No Brasil, p. 72. , Rio de Janeiro; Quiring, W., The Canadian Mennonite immigration into the Paraguayan Chaco, 1926–27 (1934) Mennonite Quarterly Review, 8 (1), pp. 32-42. , January; Gutiérrez, J.M., Relaciones Exteriores (1885) La Industria, p. 2. , 10 February; Farcau, B., (1996) The Chaco War: Bolivia and Paraguay, 1932–1935, p. 11. , Westport, CN: Praeger; Moscoso, O., (1939) Recuerdos De La Guerra Del Chaco, p. 28. , Cochabamba: Canales; Bryant, K.L., Jr., (1968) Alfalfa Bill Murray, p. 156. , Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press; Pickens, A.G., (1948) The Murray Colonies of Bolivia, p. 51. , MA Thesis, University of Chicago; Romecin, E., Agricultural Adaptation in Bolivia (1929) Geographical Review, 19 (2), p. 248; Shesko, E., Mobilizing Manpower for War: Toward a New History of Bolivias Chaco Conflict, 1932–1935’ (2015) Hispanic American Historical Review, 95 (2), p. 313; Parron, M.G., Diario El Norte de Salta y la construcción del relato periodístico de la Guerra del Chaco. 1932–1935 (2015) Ámbitos: Revista De Estudios De Ciencias Sociales Y Humanidades, 33, p. 75; Hylton, F., Patzi, F., Serulnikov, S., Thomson, S., (2003) Ya Es Otro Tiempo El Presente, pp. 160-161. , La Paz: Muela del Diablo; Arce, A., ¿Que es el Partido Liberal? (1887) El Heraldo, p. 2. , 18 June; Skuban, W.E., (2007) Lines in the Sand: Nationalism and Identity on the Peruvian-Chilean Frontier, p. 23. , Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; Carrillo, J., (1966) Ensayo Sobre La Creacion De La Pedagogia Nacional, p. 19. , La Paz; Cespedes, A., (1956) El Dictador Suicida: 40 Años De Historia De Bolivia, p. 83. , Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria; (1926), http://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/1926-1930-Abdon-Saavedra-Mallea, Abdón Saavedra Mallea, accessed December 28, 2017; Bieber, L., La política militar alemana en Bolivia, 1900–1935 (1994) Latin American Research Review, 29 (1), pp. 85-106; Rosenberg, E.S., Twenties/Twenties Hindsight (2000) Foreign Policy, 120, pp. 84-85; Seidel, R.N., American Reformers Abroad: The Kemmerer Missions in South America, 1923–1931 (1972) The Journal of Economic History, 32 (2), p. 536; Albert, B., (1990) Journal of Latin American Studies, 22 (1), p. 193; Drake, P.W., (1989) The Money Doctor in the Andes. The Kemmerer Missions, 1923–1933, , Durham and London: Duke University Press; Reinaga, F., (1970) Manifesto Del Partido Indio De Bolivia, p. 43. , La Paz: Ediciones PIB; Arze Aguirre, R.D., (1987) Guerra Y Conflictos Sociales: El Caso Rural Boliviano Durante La Campaña Del Chaco, p. 31. , La Paz: Ceres},
correspondence_address1={Niebuhr, R.; The Honors College, United States; email: robert.niebuhr@asu.edu},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={07292473},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={War Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{May20181,
author={May, B.},
title={World Economic Prospects Monthly},
journal={Economic Outlook},
year={2018},
volume={42},
pages={1-29},
doi={10.1111/1468-0319.12336},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045890960&doi=10.1111%2f1468-0319.12336&partnerID=40&md5=2a4b0b38999f5cf92e91098d44893b22},
abstract={Overview: Growth resilient to protectionist concerns. ▀ Despite the mounting threat of more protectionist trade measures, we expect the impact on global growth and trade to be mild. Given this, and the still fairly solid underlying economic picture, we have left our global GDP growth forecasts for 2018 and 2019 unchanged at 3.2% and 3.0% respectively. ▀ Although economic data in Q1 painted a pretty solid picture, there are signs that the global expansion may lose momentum in Q2. Most notably, the global PMI fell sharply in March, more than offsetting the gains of the previous three quarters or so. Some of the decline may reflect an over-reaction to recent trade threats and could be reversed in April and despite the drop, the surveys still point to strong growth. But the fall highlights the risk that lingering trade tensions could damage confidence and prompt firms and consumers to delay investment and major spending plans. ▀ On a more positive note, China's economic growth picked up markedly in early 2018, which could provide a fillip to global trade growth in the near term. Given the betterthan-expected start to the year, we have made no change to our 2018 China GDP growth forecast (of 6.4%) despite the probable negative effects of trade measures. ▀ Meanwhile, most advanced economies remain in the late expansionary stage of the cycle. And those that show signs of slowing, such as the Eurozone, are doing so from multi-year highs. While we have nudged down our 2018 Eurozone GDP growth forecast slightly to 2.2%, the pace is expected to remain well above trend. We judge the impact of US tariffs and counter-measures on the US economy to be subdued and have lowered our GDP growth forecasts for 2018 and 2019 by just 0.1pp. ▀ For now, we see further solid growth for the world economy this year even in the environment of rising protectionism. While there is a risk that a further escalation of trade tensions could trigger a sharper slowdown in global GDP growth, we still see the risks of a full-blown and damaging trade war as limited and the chances of protectionism leading to recessions as smaller still. © Oxford Economics 2018},
keywords={economic growth;  economic impact;  forecasting method;  global economy;  Gross Domestic Product;  protectionism;  tariff structure;  trade, Europe;  United States},
correspondence_address1={May, B.},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={0140489X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Outlook},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ioris2018155,
author={Ioris, R.R. and Ioris, A.A.R.},
title={Consolidating the past and risking the future: Colombia's developmental trajectory and the prospects for a lasting peace in the wake of the Havana accord},
journal={Journal of Global South Studies},
year={2018},
volume={35},
number={1},
pages={155-173},
doi={10.1353/gss.2018.0008},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047777755&doi=10.1353%2fgss.2018.0008&partnerID=40&md5=72eec8fd67afee79da7e0802bb31c63b},
affiliation={Department of History, University of Denver, United States; Human Geography, Cardiff University, United Kingdom},
abstract={In light of the peace accord between the Colombian government and the FARC in 2016, this article scrutinizes present-day dilemmas and obstacles to a sustainable settlement capable of addressing the long-term developmental inequities of Colombia. It is expected that as Colombia becomes more integrated in the globalized economy, the many parties involved in the conflict will increasingly realize that they have more to gain with peace than otherwise and that this will pave the way to a renewed effort toward peace. Yet despite its many promises, as of now, the peace negotiations have primarily served as a means of potentially boosting the economy and facilitating access to leading business groups and foreigner investors to Colombian resources rather than as a transformative move toward much-needed political and economic inclusivity. In fact, disturbing continuities between the inequalities that deepened during the protracted civil war and elements of 2016 peace agreement are noticeable. © 2018 Association of Global South Studies, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords={civil war;  economic development;  economic impact;  future prospect;  global economy;  government;  peacekeeping;  political economy, Colombia},
references={(2016) Colombian Government and Farc Reach New Peace Deal, , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/13/colombian-government-and-farc-reach-new-peace-deal, November 13, accessed June 21, 2017; (2016) Colombia's Congress Approves Peace Accord with FARC, , https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/world/americas/colombia-farc-accord-juan-manuel-santos.html?_r=0, November 30, accessed June 23, 2017; Salas-Salazar, L.G., Conflicto Armado y Configuración Territorial: Elementos para la Consolidación de la Paz en Colombia (2016) Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 26 (2), pp. 45-57; Sierra, J.R., Dinámicas de la Violencia Guerrillera en Colombia (2016) Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 22 (3), pp. 84-103; Franz, T., Plan Colombia: Illegal drugs, economic development and counterinsurgency-a political economy analysis of Colombia's failed war (2016) Development Policy Review, 34 (4), pp. 563-591; (2016) Resultado Del Plebiscito: Un País Dividido Entre Periferia e Interior, , http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/proceso-de-paz/resultado-por-ciudades-de-votacion-en-plebiscito-2016-46988, October 2, accessed February 2, 2018; (2016) Estos Son Los Principales Actores Que Ganan Con El 'No' Del Plebiscito, " Accessed June 23, 2017, , http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/proceso-de-paz/quien-gano-el-plebiscito-en-colombia-50450, October 2, accessed February 2, 2018; Ross, E.B., Clearance as development strategy in rural Colombia (2007) Peace Review, 19 (1), pp. 59-65; Richani, N., Colombia: Predatory state and rentier political economy (2010) Labour, Capital and Society, 43 (2), pp. 119-141; Richani, N., The political economy of Colombia's protracted civil war and the crisis of the war system (2001) Journal of Conflict Studies, 21 (2), p. 2; Colombia: Foreign Investment, , https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/establish-overseas/colombia/investing, accessed February 16, 2018; Dent, D.W., Oligarchy and power structure in urban Colombia: The case of cali (1974) Journal of Latin American Studies, 6 (1), pp. 113-133; Lopez-Alves, F., (2000) State Formation and Democracy in Latin America, 1810-1900, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Fajardo, L.E., (2003) From the Alliance for Progress to the Plan Colombia: A Retrospective Look at U.S. Aid to Colombia, , Working Paper 28, Development Centre, London School of Economics; Lopez, R., From middle class to petit bourgeoisie: Cold war politics and classed radicalization in bogotá, 1958-1972 (2014) Estudios Interdisciplinarios de America Latina y El Caribe, 25, pp. 99-130; Hirschman, A.O., (1963) Journeys Toward Progress: Studies in Economic Policy Making in Latin America, , New York: Twentieth Century Fund; Farnsworth-Avelar, A., Dulcineia in the Factory: Myths, Morals, Men, and Women in Colombia's Industrial Experimentation, 1905-1960, 2000. , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Palacios, M., El Café en Colombia (1830-1970): UnaHistoria Económica, Social y Política, 1983. , Bogotá: Editorial Presencia & FEDEDESAROLLO; Hartlyn, J., (1998) The Politics of Coalition Rule in Colombia, p. 183. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Palacios, M., (2006) Between Legitimacy and Violence: A History of Colombia, 1875-2002, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Delgado, L.C., Gonzalo, C.E.R., Sarmiento Gómez, A., Colombia (1999) Gasto Público en Servicios Sociales Básicos en América Latina y El Caribe: Análisis Desde la Perspectiva de la Iniciativa 20/20, pp. 289-333. , documento LC/R. 1933 (Santiago de Chile, CEPAL); Palacios, Between Legitimacy and Violence, 249; Youngers, C., Rosin, E., (2005) Drugs and Democracy in Latin America: The Impact of U.S. Policy, , Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Montañez-Gómez, G., Territorios para la Paz en Colombia: Procesos entre la Vida y el Capital (2016) Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 26 (2), pp. 11-28; Orjuela, L.J., Uribe versus Santos: Del Enfrentamiento Personal a la Diferenciación Ideológica Revista de Estudios Sociales, pp. 201-207. , April-June 2015; Álvaro Uribe Vélez: Ex presidente de la República y Senador (2017) La Silla Vacía, , http://lasillavacia.com/quienesquien/perfilquien/alvaro-uribe-velez;, May 10, accessed June 24, 2017; Cívico, A., Uribe y una Justicia de Doble Rasero (2016) El Espectador, , http://www.elespectador.com/opinion/opinion/uribe-y-una-justicia-de-doble-rasero-columna-654573, September 13, accessed June 24, 2017; 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Cortes, A.F.M., Conflicto, Violencia Socioeconómica y Desplazamiento Forzado en Colombia (2013) Cuadernos de Economía, (61), pp. 721-754; Walch, C., Rethinking ripeness theory: Explaining progress and failure in civil war negotiations in the philippines and Colombia (2016) International Negotiation, 21 (1), pp. 75-103; Zamosc, L., (1986) The Agrarian Question and the Peasant Movement in Colombia, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Giugale, M.M., Lafourcade, O., Luff, C., (2003) Colombia: The Economic Foundation of Peace, , Washington, DC: World Bank; China and Latin america in 2016 (2016) Council on Hemispheric Affairs, , http://www.coha.org/china-and-latin-america-in-2016, August 16, accessed November 16, 2016; Robinson, J.A., La Miseria en Colombia (2016) Desarrollo y Sociedad, 76 (1), pp. 9-90},
publisher={University of Florida Press},
issn={24761397},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Global South Stud},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ince2018107,
author={Ince, O.U.},
title={Between commerce and empire: David hume, colonial slavery and commercial incivility},
journal={History of Political Thought},
year={2018},
volume={39},
number={1},
pages={107-134},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045239810&partnerID=40&md5=c56a322c8cc4984a96f3cd561ac6e5c9},
affiliation={School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, Level 4, Singapore, 178903, Singapore},
abstract={Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought has recently been reclaimed as a robust, albeit short-lived, cosmopolitan critique of European imperialism. This essay complicates this interpretation through a study of David Hume’s reflections on commerce, empire and slavery. I argue that while Hume condemned the colonial system of monopoly, war and conquest, his strictures against empire did not extend to colonial slavery in the Atlantic. This was because colonial slavery represented a manifestly uncivil institution when judged by enlightened metropolitan sensibilities, yet also a decisively commercial institution pivotal to the eighteenth-century global economy. Confronted by the paradoxical ‘commercial incivility’ of modern slavery, Hume opted for disavowing the link between slavery and commerce, and confined his criticism of slavery to its ancient, feudal and Asiatic incarnations. I contend that Hume’s disavowal of the commercial barbarism of the Atlantic economy is part of a broader ideological effort to separate the idea of commerce from its imperial origins and posit it as the liberal antithesis of empire. The implications of analysis, I conclude, go beyond the eighteenth-century debates over commerce and empire, and more generally pertain to the contradictory entwinement of liberalism and capitalism. © 2018, Imprint Academic. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Adam Smith;  Capitalism;  Colonialism;  Commerce;  david hume;  Empire;  Enlightenment;  Liberalism;  Slavery},
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Armitage and M. Braddick, Basingstoke; Doris, Making Excuses, p. 7; Hume, Essays, p. 219; Hume, Essays, p. 221; Pocock, Mobility of Property, p. 115; Pocock, Mobility of Property, (23), p. 395; Pocock, Mobility of Property, p. 226; Pocock, Mobility of Property, p. 109; Brown, Politics of Slavery, p. 217; Mintz, S., (1985) Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, , New York; Beckles, H., The Concept of White Slavery in the English Caribbean During the Early Seventeenth Century (1995) Early Modern Conceptions of Property, , J. Brewer and S. 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Francis, Calgary, 28; Craton, M., Property and Propriety: Land Tenure and Slave Property in the Creation of a British West Indian Plantocracy, 1612-1740 Early Modern Conceptions of Property, p. 519. , Brewer and Staves; Hume, Essays, (10), p. 372; Immerwahr, J., Hume’s Revised Racism (1992) Journal of the History of Ideas, 3, pp. 481-486; Hume, Essays, p. 120; Hume, Essays, p. 167; Hume, Essays, p. 33; Hume, Essays, pp. 33-34; Hume, Essays, p. 34; Smith, Wealth of Nations, 2, p. 38; Smith, Wealth of Nations, 2, p. 39; Pack, S.J., Slavery, Adam Smith’s Economic Vision and the Invisible Hand (1996) History of Economic Ideas, 4, pp. 253-269. , p. 257; Salter, J., Adam Smith on Slavery History of Economic Ideas., pp. 225-251; Smith, A., Lectures On Jurisprudence (1982) The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith, 5, pp. 387-388. , R.L. Meek, D.D. Raphael and P.G. 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correspondence_address1={Ince, O.U.; School of Social Sciences, 90 Stamford Road, Level 4, Singapore; email: ulasince@smu.edu.sg},
publisher={Imprint Academic},
issn={0143781X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hist. Polit. Thought},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tooze201850,
author={Tooze, A.},
title={The wages of destruction the making and breaking of the Nazi Economy (an excerpt)},
journal={Ekonomicheskaya Sotsiologiya},
year={2018},
volume={19},
number={2},
pages={50-85},
doi={10.17323/1726-3247-2018-2-50-85},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045019874&doi=10.17323%2f1726-3247-2018-2-50-85&partnerID=40&md5=153a87ff62a5ba366d5d8f489279f75c},
affiliation={Department of History, Columbia University of the City of New York, 1180 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY  10027, United States},
abstract={The majority of accounts of the Second World War have described Nazi Germany as an uncontrollable monster with a highly industrialized economy. But what if it was not so? What if the European tragedy was not rooted in Germany's strength, but in its weakness? Adam Tooze has written a radically new history of the Second World War. The author achieved this by taking into account racial relations and politics, with special attention focused on economy. Understanding of the global economy played a critical role in Hitler's views. He guessed that Germany's relative poverty in 1933 was conditioned by not only the Great Depression but also limitations of its territory and natural resources. He foresaw a rise of a new globalized world where Europe would be pressed by the unbreakable power of America. There was a last chance: The European superstate led by Germany. However, the global balance of economic and military forces did not initially favor of Hitler. With the purpose of preventing the threat from the West, he sent his poorly armed troops to conquer Europe which led to the crash of his intentions. Even in the summer of 1940, a time of Germany's great triumphs, Hitler was worried about America's air and maritime domination, which he was convinced was the result of a Jewish conspiracy. As soon as the Wehrmacht came into Soviet territory, the war turned into a battle of attrition without any hope of Germany's winning. Because Hitler and others did not accept this, the Third Reich was destroyed at the cost of millions of lives. © 2018 National Research University Higher School of Economics. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic history;  Germany;  Limited resources;  Technicological progress;  The Second World War;  World power},
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Borchardt), Goettingen; Boyce, R.W.D., (1987) British Capitalism at the Crossroads 1919-1932, , Cambridge; Buchheim, C., Die erholung von der weltwirtschaftskrise 1932/33 in deutschland (2003) Jahrbuchfuer Wirtschaftsgeschichte, (1); Burke, B.V., (1994) Ambassador Frederic Sackett and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1930-1933, , Cambridge; Case, J.Y., Case, E.N., (1982) Owen D. Young and American Enterprise, , Boston; Clavin, P., (1996) The Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States, 1931-1936, , New York; Costigliola, F., (1984) Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933, , Ithaca, NY; Dengg, S., (1986) Deutschlands Austrittausdem Voelkerbund und Schachts Neuer Plan, , Frankfurt; Der Deutsche Volkswirt (1932a) 1.04; Der Deutsche Volkswirt (1932b) 8.07; Der Deutsche Volkswirt (1932c) 9.12; Der Deutsche Volkswirt (1933) 6.01; Eckes, A.E., (1995) Opening America's Markets, , Chapel Hill, NC; Eichengreen, B., (1992) Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919-1939, , Oxford; Feldman, G., (1993) The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics and Society in the German Inflation, 1914-1924, , Oxford; Feldman, G.D., From crisis to work creation: Government policies and economic actors in the great depression (1994) Von der Arbeiterbewegungzummodernen Sozialstaat, , (eds. J. Kocka, H.-J. Puhle, K. Tenfelde), Munich; Feldman, G.D., Gall, L., Feldman, G.D., James, H., Holtfrerich, C.-L., Buschgen, H.E., (1995) The Deutsche Bank 1870-1995, , London; Ferguson, T., Temin, P., Made in Germany: The German currency crisis of July 1931 (2003) Research in Economic History, 21; Frigge, R., (1984) Das Erwartbare Abenteuer: Massenrezeption und LiterarischesInteresse Am Beispiel der Reiserzaehlungen von Karl May, , Bonn; Gassert, P., (1997) Amerika im Dritten Reich, , Stuttgart; Geyer, M., Das zweite ruestungsprogramm 1930-1934 (1975) MGM, 17; Geyer, M., Militaer, ruestung und aussenpolitik: Aspektemilitaerischer revisionspolitikinder zwischenkriegszeit (1976) Hitler, Deutschland und Die Maechte, , (ed. M. Funke), Düsseldorf; Geyer, M., (1980) Aufruestungoder Sicherheit: Die Reichswehr in der Krise der Machtpolitik 1924-1936, , Wiesbaden; Geyer, M., Etudes in political history: Reichswehr, nsdap, and the seizure of power (1983) The Nazi Machtergreifung, , (ed. P. D. Stachura), London; Geyer, M., The stigma of violence, nationalism, and war in twentieth-century Germany (1992) German Studies Review, 15 (4). , Winter; Gillmann, S., Mommsen, H., (2003) Politische Schriften und Briefe Carl Friedrich Goerdelers, , Munich; Glasemann, H.-G., (1993) Deutschlands Auslandsanleihen 1924-1945, , Wiesbaden; Hansen, E.W., (1978) Reichswehr und Industrie, , Boppard; Hardach, G., (1976) Weltmarktorientierung und Relative Stagnation, , Berlin; Harris, C.R.S., (1935) Germany's Foreign Indebtedness, , Oxford; Heyde, P., (1998) Das Ende der Reparationen: Deutschland, Frankreich und der Youngplan 1929-1932, , Paderborn; Houwink Ten Cate, J., Hjaimar schacht als reparationspolitiker. 1926-1930 (1987) Vierteljahrschriftfuer Sozial-und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, (74); (1946) Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, , IMT. 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Zitelmann), Darmstadt; James, H., (2001) The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression, , Cambridge, MA; Jarausch, K.H., Geyer, M., (2003) Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories, , Princeton; Jasper, G., (1986) Die Gescheiterte Zaehmung: Wegezur Machtergreifung Hitlers, 1930-1934, , Frankfurt; Jones, L.E., (1988) German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the Weimar Party System, 1918-1933, , Chapel Hill, NC; Kershaw, I., (1990) Weimar: Why Did German Democracy Fail?, , London; Kershaw, I., (1998) Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris, , London; Kindleberger, C.P., (1986) The World in Depression, 1929-1939, , Berkeley; Kroll, F.-L., (1998) Utopieals Ideologie: Geschichtsdenken und Politisches Handelnim Dritten Reich, , Paderborn; Kruedener, J., Von, (1990) Economic Crisis and Political Collapse: The Weimar Republic 1924-1933, , Oxford; Krueger, P., (1985) Die Aussenpolitik der Republik von Weimar, , Darmstadt; Link, W., (1970) Die Amerikanische Stabilisierungspolitik in Deutschland 1921-1932, , Duesseldorf; Linkemeyer, B., (1987) Was Hat Hitler mit Karl May Zutun?, , Abstadt; Luedtke, A., Marssolek, I., Von Saldern, A., (1996) Amerikanisierung: Traum und Alptraumim Deutschland des 20. 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Berlin; Ritschl, A., Die ns-wirtschaftsideologie-modernisierungsprogramm oder reaktionaere utopie? (1991) Nationalsozialismus und Modernisierung, , (eds. M. Prinz, R. Zitelmanns), Darmstadt; Ritschl, A., (2002) Deutschlands Krise und Konjunktur 1924-1934, , Berlin; Sammons, J.L., (1998) Ideology, Mimesis, Fantasy, , Chapel Hill, NC; Schattschneider, E.E., (1935) Politics, Pressures and the Tariff, , New York; Schiemann, J., (1980) Die Deutsche Waehrung in der Weltwirtschaftskrise 1929-1933, , Berne; Schoetz, H.O., (1987) Der Kampf Um Die Mark 1923/1924, , Berlin; Schuker, S.A., (1976) The End of French Financial Predominance in Europe: The Financial Crisis of 1924 and the Adoption of the Dawes Plan, , Chapel Hill, NC; (1932) Schulthess' Europaeischer Geschichtskalender, , Munich; Schulz, G., (1980) Politik und Wirtschaftinder Krise1930-1932, , Düsseldorf; Silverman, D.P., (1998) Hitler's Economy: Nazi Work Creation Programs, 1933-1936, , Cambridge; Sirois, H., (2000) Zwischen Illusion und Krieg: Deutschland und Die USA 1933-1941, , Paderborn; Smith, W.D., (1986) The Ideological Origins of Nazi Imperialism, , Oxford; Spaulding, R.M., (1997) Osthandel und Ostpolitik: German Foreign Trade Policies in Eastern Europe from Bismarck to Adenauer, , Providence, RI; Stegmann, D., Deutsche zoll- und handelspolitik1924/5-1929 (1977) Industrielles System und Politische Entwicklungin der Weimarer Republik, , (eds. H. Momrasen, D. Petzina, D. Weisbrod), Düsseldorf; Stolper, T., (1967) Ein Leben in Brennpunktenunserer Zeit, , Vienna; Teichert, E., (1984) Autarkie und Grossraumwirtschaft in Deutschland 1930-1939, , Munich; (1931) The Economist, , 26 September; (1931) The Economist, , 3 October; (1931) The Economist, , 12 December; (1932) The Economist, , 17 September; (1932) The Economist, , 17 September; Tracy, M., (1989) Government and Agriculture in Western Europe 1880-1988, , Hemel Hempstead; Turner, H.A., (1996) Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933, , New York; Wala, M., (2001) Weimar und Amerika: Botschafter Friedrich von Prittwitz und Gaffron, , Stuttgart; Weinberg, G., (1961) Hitlers Zweites Buch: Ein Dokumentausdem Jahr 1928, , Stuttgart; Wiegmann, K., (1993) Textilindustrie und Staat in Westfalen 1914-1933, , Stuttgart; Winkler, H.A., (1993) Weimar 1918-1933, , Munich; Wright, J., (2002) Gustav Stresemann, , Oxford},
correspondence_address1={TOOZE, A.; Department of History, 1180 Amsterdam Avenue, United States; email: adam.tooze@columbia.edu},
publisher={National Research University Higher School of Economics},
issn={17263247},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Ekon. Sociol.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Balasubramanian201865,
author={Balasubramanian, A. and Raghavan, S.},
title={Present at the creation: India, the global economy, and the bretton woods conference},
journal={Journal of World History},
year={2018},
volume={29},
number={1},
pages={65-94},
doi={10.1353/jwh.2018.0002},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042740916&doi=10.1353%2fjwh.2018.0002&partnerID=40&md5=13e7519e632c6406c2a8b464f2ecf98f},
affiliation={University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, United States},
abstract={This article considers India's participation in the Bretton Woods conference, where the framework for the post-World War II global economic order emerged. Building on the new historiography of Bretton Woods as well as a more specialized literature on the Indian economy, it shows India's role in Bretton Woods at the confluence of national, imperial, and global historical processes. The article argues that India's presence in the conference shaped the evolution of the country's relationship to international economic institutions. The article addresses India's changing role in the British Empire and world economy, the evolution of a discourse of Indian economic development alongside anti-colonial nationalism, the formulation of Indian objectives for the conference in the aftermath of the economic dislocations of World War II, and the interpretation of the outcomes of the meeting at home that informed India's subsequent ambiguous relationship with international economic organizations. © 2018 by University of Hawai‘i Press},
keywords={conference proceeding;  economic development;  economic history;  global economy;  institutional framework;  nationalism;  post-war, India},
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publisher={University of Hawaii Press},
issn={10456007},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. World Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Maher20181,
author={Maher, D.},
title={Civil War, Development and Economic Globalisation},
journal={Rethinking Political Violence},
year={2018},
pages={1-38},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-66580-1_1},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145093472&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-66580-1_1&partnerID=40&md5=f17f0b2fcb7ba6921044430c7613b1d1},
affiliation={Lecturer in International Relations, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom},
abstract={This Chapter provides an introduction to the book, detailing the progress of security and development studies during the 1990s and 2000s. The core topic area that the book investigates – namely, the economic consequences of civil war – is then introduced. The idea that civil wars inevitably lead to economic decline, a pervasive assumption within the relevant literature, is challenged and this chapter asks an uneasy question: ‘Can violence in civil wars facilitate economic development and integration into the global economy?’ This chapter then discusses key concepts (namely, globalisation, civil war and economic development) and discusses a critical theoretical framework for studying security and development. Methods (particularly process tracing) are also outlined. © 2018, The Author(s).},
correspondence_address1={Maher, D.; Lecturer in International Relations, United Kingdom},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={27528588},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethink. Political. Violence.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Paget2018344,
author={Paget, K.M.},
title={State government-university cooperation},
journal={Growth Policy in the Age of High Technology: The Role of Regions and States},
year={2018},
pages={344-380},
doi={10.4324/9781351121712-14},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142811299&doi=10.4324%2f9781351121712-14&partnerID=40&md5=c0a2ada881d3e02e803a8b919b4bbfd5},
affiliation={University of California, United States},
abstract={This chapter argues that contemporary demands for access to university knowledge and research constitute distinctly new pressures on universities. Cooperation between universities and state government takes many forms. Individual faculty members contract with state government agencies, advise individual policy makers or policy committees, testify on legislation, and/or serve on task forces and advisory committees. Social scientists conducted studies, planned public policies, designed and evaluated programs of the war on poverty and of the Great Society, and immersed themselves in the problems of cities generally. In California, Alan Post's modest request for state government participation in the by-product of university research was replaced by more aggressive demands from state law makers. State funding of research at the University of California was substantial. New pressures to regain productivity and achieve greater competitiveness in the global economy have focused attention on the importance of higher education, often in rhetorical terms not heard since the Soviets launched the Sputnik satellite in the 1950s. © 1990 J. Schmandt, R. Wilson and contributors.},
references={Feller, I., (1986) Universities and state governments, , New York: Praeger; Elman, S.E., Marx Smock, S., (1985) Professional Service and Faculty Rewards: Toward an Integrated Structure, p. 6. , Washington, D.C.: National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges; Depree, A.H., (1957) Science in the Federal Government, p. 150. , Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Stadtman, V.A., (1970) The University of California 1868‒1968, pp. 201-213. , New York: McGraw-Hill; (1980) Industry and the Universities: Developing Cooperative Research Relationships in the National Interest, , Pasadena, Calif.: California Institute of Technology; Kerr, C., (1963) The Uses of the University, p. 12. , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Nelson, R.R., (1977) The Moon and the Ghetto, p. 13. , New York: Norton; Henry, L.L., (1969) The NASA‒university Memoranda of Understanding, p. 12. , Syracuse: The Inter-University Case Program; Lambright, W.H., (1969) Launching NASA’s Sustaining University Program, , Syracuse: The Inter-University Case Program; The Four Aerospace Contracts: A Review of the California Experience, pp. 1-7. , xerox copy of report located at the Institute of Governmental Studies Library, University of California, Berkeley; Hoos, I.R., (1967) A Critique of the Application of Systems Analysis to Social Problems, p. 25. , internal working paper (Berkeley, Calif.: Space Sciences Laboratory, May; Aaron, H., (1978) Politics and the Professors, , Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution; Duh, L.J., (1963) The Urban Condition, , New York: Basic Books; Wildavsky, A., Pressman, J.L., (1973) Implementation, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Heiss, F.W., (1975) Urban Research and Urban Policy-Making, , Boulder, Colo.: Bureau of Governmental Research and Service, University of Colorado; Szanton, P., (1981) Not Well Advised, p. 25. , New York: Russell Sage Foundation & Ford Foundation; Brobrow, D., Eulau, H., Landau, M., Jones, C.O., Axelrod, R., The place of policy analysis (1977) American Journal of Political Science, 21, pp. 415-433. , May; Bovbjerg, R.R., Vaupel, J.W., What is policy analysis? (1985) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 4, pp. 419-440; Lynn, L.E., (1978) Knowledge and Policy: The Uncertain Connection, , Study Project on Social Research and Development (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences; Reuss, J.W., Mack, J., State legislatures’ response to the state science, engineering, and technology program (1978) National Conference of State Legislatures Report to National Science Foundation, , Denver, Colorado, August 14; Carter, L., State scientific advisors: The effort in Michigan (1976) Science, 194, p. 923. , November; Lipson, A.J., Attitudes of California State Government Officials Toward Research Utilization, p. 9. , a working note, RAND study, prepared for the California State Science Advisor and Office of Science and Technology; Worthley, J.A., Apfel, J., University assistance to state government (1978) Journal of Higher Education, 49, p. 49. , 6; Brown, E.R., Valdez, R.B., Morgenstern, H., Nourjah, P., (1987) Californians without Health Insurance, , California Policy Seminar Technical Assistance Report; Sellers, R., Bender, L., University public service outreach to state and local government (1979) State and Local Government Review, 2, p. 22; Ryan, M., Are our universities letting us down? (1988) Parade, p. 10. , January 24; Dickson, D., (1984) The New Politics of Science, p. 74. , New York: Pantheon; Dorf, R.C., Worthington, K.K.F., (1987) Models for Technology Transfer from uni­versities and Research Laboratories, p. 4. , paper distributed at University of California conference Competitiveness and Technology Transfer, June 12; Rosenzweig, R., (1982) The Research Universities and Their Patrons, , Berkeley: University of California Press},
correspondence_address1={Paget, K.M.; University of CaliforniaUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351121705; 9780815359005},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Growth Policy in the Age of High Technology: The Role of Regions and States},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Krepinevich2018149,
author={Krepinevich, A.F., Jr.},
title={SECURITY CHALLENGES IN THE POST-UNIPOLAR ERA},
journal={US National Security Reform: Reassessing the National Security Act of 1947},
year={2018},
pages={149-166},
doi={10.4324/9781351171564-10},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142571826&doi=10.4324%2f9781351171564-10&partnerID=40&md5=d1fce1dd171250cfc5872833fc4c6af7},
affiliation={Solarium LLC, United States},
abstract={The United States confronts a situation only modestly comparable to the one it encountered in the early days of the Cold War. American security planners must account for a minor rogue nuclear power, North Korea, whose arsenal appears to be expanding at an alarming rate. The maturation of the precision-strike regime seems certain to raise the costs of the U. S. military in waging various forms of irregular warfare. The U. S. military's ability to project and sustain power far from America's shores enables its participation in the global economy. Both require access to the global commons—the seas, airspace, space and cyberspace. As with the Internet, seabed infrastructure developers assumed a benign geopolitical environment, or that the government would protect the infrastructure. The policy and strategy challenges that emerge from these geopolitical and military-technical trends are truly formidable. When President Eisenhower ruled out preventive war against the Soviet Union, U. S. national security strategy became increasingly anchored to deterrence. © 2019 selection and editorial matter, Heidi B. Demarest and Erica D. Borghard; individual chapters, the contributors.},
references={Trenin, D., The Revival of the Russian Military: How Moscow Reloaded (2016) Foreign Affairs, , www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2016-04-18/revival-russian-military, May-June; Sokov, N., Why Russia Calls a Limited Nuclear Strike ‘De-Escalation' (2014) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, , http://thebulletin.org/why-russia-calls-limited-nuclear-strike-de-escalation, March; China's Maritime Disputes, , www.cfr.org/interactives/chinas-maritime-disputes?cid=otr-marketing_use-china_sea_InfoGuide#!/chinas-maritime-disputes?cid=otr-marketing_use-china_sea_InfoGuide; Erickson, A.S., Wuthnow, J., Barriers, Springboards and Benchmarks: China Conceptualizes the Pacific 'Island Chains,' (2016) The China Quarterly, pp. 11-16. , January; Krepinevich, A.F., (2017) Archipelagic Defense, pp. 16-42. , Tokyo, Japan: Sasakawa Peace Foundation; Wit, J.S., Ahn, S.Y., (2015) North Korea's Nuclear Futures: Technology and Strategy, p. 8. , Washington, DC: U.S.-Korea Institute at SAIS, Johns Hopkins University; Albright, D., (2015) North Korean Plutonium and Weapon-Grade Uranium Inventories, , Washington, DC: Institute for Science and International Security, revised October 7; Krepinevich, A.F., North Korea (2016) Rethinking Armageddon: Scenario Planning in the Second Nuclear Age, pp. 65-81. , Andrew F. Krepinevich and Jacob Cohn, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; Lister, T., What Does ISIS Really Want? (2015) CNN, , www.cnn.com/2015/12/11/middleeast/isis-syria-iraq-caliphate, December 11; Krepinevich, A.F., (2010) Why Airsea Battle?, pp. 8-11. , Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; Krepinevich, A.F., (2017) Preserving the Balance, pp. 51-52. , Washington, DC: CSBA; Craig, T., Report: Pakistan's Nuclear Arsenal Could Become the World's Third Largest (2015) Washington Post, , www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/report-pakistans-nuclear-arsenal-could-become-the-worlds-third-biggest/2015/08/26/6098478a-4c0c-11e5-80c2-106ea7fb80d4_story.html, August 27; Kerr, P.K., Nikitin, M.B., Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons (2016) Congressional Research Service, , www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34248.pdf, February 12; Christine Fair, C., Pakistan's Army Is Building an Arsenal of ‘Tiny' Nuclear Weapons—and it's Going to Backfire (2015) Quartz, , http://qz.com/579334/pakistans-army-is-building-an-arsenal-of-tiny-nuclear-weapons-and-its-going-to-backfire/, December 21; Elran, M., The Civilian Front in the Second Lebanon War (2007) The Second Lebanon War: Strategic Perspectives, pp. 104-105. , in Shlomo Brom and Meir Elran, eds., Tel Aviv, Israel: Institute for National Security Studies; Eyadat, F., Katyusha Rocket Hit Haifa Oil Refineries Complex During Second Lebanon War (2017) Haaretz, , www.haaretz.com/news/katyusha-rocket-hit-haifa-oil-refineries-complex-during-second-lebanon-war-1.216336, November 19; Mackey, R., Advances in ‘Narc o-Submarine' Technology (2010) New York Times, , July 6; Schmidt, M.S., Shanker, T., To Smuggle More Drugs, Traffickers Go Under the Sea (2012) New York Times, , September 9; Watkins, L.J., (2011) Self-Propelled Semi-Submersibles: The Next Great Threat to Regional Security and Stability,”, , unpublished paper, Naval Postgraduate School, June; Weitz, R., The Impossible Quest for Absolute Security (2017) Yaleglobal Online, , https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/impossible-quest-absolute-security, Yale University, July 11; Perlez, J., Landler, M., Sang-Hun, C., China Blinks on South Korea, Making Nice After a Year of Hostilities (2007) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/01/world/asia/china-south-korea-thaad.html?_r=0, November 1; Kramer, A.E., Russia Calls New U.S. Missile Defense System a ‘Direct Threat' (2016) New York Times, , www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/world/europe/russia-nato-us-romania-missile-defense.html, May 12; (2015) NATO Publishes Defence Expenditures Data for 2014 and Estimates for 2015, , www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2015_06/20150622_PR_CP_2015_093-v2.pdf, June 22; Pavgi, K., (2015) NATO Members' Defense Spending, in Two Charts, , www.defenseone.com/politics/2015/06/nato-mem-bers-defense-spending-two-charts/116008, Defense One, June 22; Fisher, M., The U.S. Military is Scrapping up to 2,000 of its Mine-Resistant Vehicles, Which Cost $1 Million Each (2013) Washington Post, , www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/20/the-u-s-military-is-scrapping-up-to-2000-of-its-mine-resistant-vehicles-which-cost-1-million-each/?utm_term=.be10a41a40d3, June 30; Krepinevich, A.F., Overhauling the Army for the Age of Irregular Warfare (2016) Wall Street Journal, , www.wsj.com/articles/overhauling-the-army-for-the-age-of-irregular-warfare-1455839486, February 19; Higgs, R., U.S. Military Spending in the Cold War Era: Opportunity Costs, Foreign Crises, and Domestic Constraints (1988) Cato Institute, , https://object.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa114.pdf, November 30; Hubbard, G., Kane, T., (2013) Balance: the Economics of Great Powers from Ancient Rome to Modern America, p. 211. , New York: Simon & Schuster},
correspondence_address1={Krepinevich, A.F.; Solarium LLCUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351171557; 9780815398462},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={US National Security Reform: Reassessing the National Security Act of 1947},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor2018429,
title={Protectionism and Global Value Chains},
journal={Global Value Chains and Development: Redefining the Contours of 21<sup>st</sup> Century Capitalism},
year={2018},
pages={429-452},
doi={10.1017/9781108559423.016},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139714119&doi=10.1017%2f9781108559423.016&partnerID=40&md5=7090732ae7401a304eb8c5565b4e61e8},
abstract={These are extremely unsettled times in the global economy. In a referendum on June 23, 2016, the British electorate voted to leave the European Union (Brexit), and on November 8, 2016, Donald Trump won the US presidential election on the basis of an ‘America First’ doctrine that could potentially undermine a broad range of economic, political, and military partnerships that previous US administrations have been building since the end of the Second World War. Taken together, Brexit and the election of Donald Trump portend to some ‘the end of the Anglo-American order’ (Buruma, 2016), a grand alliance that presumed that a Pax Americana, along with a unified Europe, would keep the democratic world safe and capitalist economies prosperous. Instead of the triumph of Anglo-American exceptionalism, the current ‘taking back our country’ mantra of both English and American nationalists signals a retreat from the world that Anglo-Americans envisioned after 1945. Meanwhile, just a few days before the inauguration of newly elected US president Trump, China’s President Xi Jinping was at the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, proclaiming himself the new champion of free trade and globalization. Klaus Schwab, the founder of the World Economic Forum, endorsed China’s willingness to take over this mantle from an apparently faltering US in introducing President Xi: ‘In a world marked by great uncertainty and volatility, the international community is looking to China’ (Mishra, 2018). China’s spectacular ascent from a relatively isolated, agrarian economy at the end of the 1970s to the world’s leading exporter and second-largest economy (after the US) today is a complex story of globalization with Chinese characteristics. Xi’s state-controlled market economy has almost none of the openness associated with classic notions of free trade. Instead, China has embraced a style of ʼnationalistic mercantilism’ that shares many similarities with earlier East Asian success stories like Japan, South Korea, and Singapore (Prestowitz, 2017). But China’s unique claim to fame may have been its ability to shift from a labor-intensive, low-cost export strategy (‘a race to the bottom’) to a high-tech, innovation-driven strategy (‘a race to the top’) at an unprecedented speed and scale that disrupted the hitherto dominant economies in the West. © Gary Gereffi 2018.},
references={Aleem, Z., Trump Just Pulled Out of the TPP Free Trade Deal (2017) Vox, , https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/1/23/14356398/trumppull-out-tpp-nafta, January 23; Babb, S., The Washington Consensus as Transnational Policy Paradigm: Its Origins, Trajectory and Likely Successor (2013) Review of International Political Economy, 20 (2), pp. 268-297; Babb, S., Chorev, N., International Organizations: Loose and Tight Coupling in the Development Regime (2016) Studies in Comparative International Development, 51 (1), pp. 81-102; Baker, P., Swanson, A., Trump Authorizes Tariffs, Defying Allies at Home and Abroad (2018) New York Times, , March 8; Baldwin, R., (2009) The Great Trade Collapse: What Caused It and What Does It Mean?, , https://voxeu.org/article/great-trade-collapse-what-caused-itand-what-does-it-mean, November 27; Baldwin, R., (2011) Trade and Industrialisation After Globalisation’s 2nd Unbundling: How Building and Joining a Supply Chain Are Different and Why It Matters, , http://www.nber.org/papers/w17716, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 17716. 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Elms and Patrick Low, Geneva: World Trade Organization, Fung Global Institute, and Temasek Foundation Centre for Trade and Negotiations; Gereffi, G., Wyman, D.L., (1990) Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Glaser, A., The New Wisconsin Foxconn Plant Will Probably Be Staffed by Robots-If It Ever Gets Built (2017) Future Tense, , http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2017/07/27/the_wisconsin_foxconn_plant_will_be_staff_by_robots.html, July 27; Grimes, S., Sun, Y., China’s Evolving Role in Apple’s Global Value Chain (2016) Area Development and Policy, 1 (1), pp. 94-112; Grunwald, J., Flamm, K., (1985) The Global Factory: Foreign Assembly in International Trade, , Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution; Immelt, J.R., The CEO of General Electric: On Sparking an American Manufacturing Revival (2012) Harvard Business Review, (March), pp. 43-46; Irwin, N., The Amazon-Walmart Showdown That Explains the Modern Economy (2017) New York Times, , June 16; Kenney, M., Zysman, J., The Rise of the Platform Economy (2016) Issues in Science and Technology, 32 (3), pp. 61-69; Krugman, P., (2006) The Rise and Fall of Development Economics, , http://www.pkarchive.org/theory/dishpan1.html, Online archives; Lamy, P., Global Value Chains, Interdependence, and the Future of Trade (2013) Vox, , http://www.voxeu.org/article/global-value-chainsinterdependence-and-future-trade, December 18, EU; Lamy, P., A Conversation with Pascal Lamy (2014) Duke Global Summit, , https://dukegvcsummit.org/+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_rjQ3SJrWAandfeature=youtu.be, conducted by Gary Gereffi and Frederick Mayer; Libert, B., Beck, M., Wind, J., (2016) The Network Imperative: How to Survive and Grow in the Age of Digital Business Models, , Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press; Mayer, F., Gereffi, G., International Development Organizations and Global Value Chains Handbook on Global Value Chains, , Forthcoming, edited by Gary Gereffi, Stefano Ponte and Gale Raj-Reichert. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; Mayer, F., Milberg, W., Aid for Trade in a World of Global Value Chains: Chain Power, the Distribution of Rents and Implications for the Form of Aid (2013) Capturing the Gains, pp. 1-23. , http://www.capturingthegains.org/pdf/ctg-wp-2013-34.pdf, Working Paper 34; (2017) China’s Digital Economy: A Leading Global Force, , https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/china/chinas-digital-economy-a-leading-global-force, by Jonathan Woetzel, Jeongmin Seong, Kevin Wei Wang, James Manyika, Michael Chui, and Wendy Wong. August; Mishra, P., The Rise of China and the Fall of the “Free Trade” Myth (2018) New York Times, , February 7; (2018) Interview of Peter Navarro by Chuck Todd on ‘Meet the Press, , https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meet-press-april-8-2018-n863726, April 8; Parker, A., Rucker, P., Paletta, D., DeYoung, K., “I Was All Set to Terminate”: Inside Trump’s Sudden Shift on NAFTA (2017) Washington Post, , April 27; Perlez, J., Mozur, P., Ansfield, J., China’s Technology Ambitions Could Upset the Global Trade Order (2017) New York Times, , November 7; Pisano, G.P., Shih, W.C., Restoring American Competitiveness (2009) Harvard Business Review, (July-August), pp. 114-125; Pisano, G.P., Shih, W.C., Does America Really Need Manufacturing? (2012) Harvard Business Review, (March), pp. 94-102; Prestowitz, C., The New Shape of Globalization (2017) American Affairs, 1 (1), pp. 50-61; Rehnberg, M., Ponte, S., From Smiling to Smirking? 3D Printing, Upgrading and the Restructuring of Global Value Chains (2018) Global Networks, 18 (1), pp. 57-80; Reich, R.B., Who Is Us? (1990) Harvard Business Review, (January-February), pp. 53-64; Ruggie, J.G., International Regimes, Transactions and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order (1982) International Organization, 36 (2), pp. 379-415; Stiglitz, J.E., Lin, J.Y., Monga, C., (2013) The Rejuvenation of Industrial Policy, , The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 6628. 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The World Trade Organization and the Shrinking of “Development Space” (2003) Review of International Political Economy, 10 (4), pp. 621-644; Wadhwa, V., De Vitton, U.K., Gereffi, G., (2008) How the Disciple Became the Guru: Workforce Development in India’s RandD Labs, , http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1170049, Report prepared for the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation; Williamson, J., What Washington Means by Policy Reform (1990) Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, pp. 5-20. , edited by John Williamson, Washington, DC:Institute for International Economics; (1993) The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy, , New York:Oxford University Press; (2014) What Are Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, , https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/07/trade-what-are-megaregionals/, July 9; (2013) Fourth Global Review of Aid for Trade: ‘Connecting to Value Chains’ - Summary Report, , Geneva: WTO; (2007) Aid for Trade at a Glance 2007: 1st Global Review, , Geneva, Paris: WTO and OECD; (2011) Aid for Trade at a Glance 2011: Showing Results, , Geneva, Paris: WTO and OECD; Wu, X., (2018) Business Model and Global Competitiveness of Amazon and Alibaba, , April. Masters paper for Asian Pacific Studies Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781108559423; 9781108471947},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Value Chains and Development: Redefining the Contours of 21<sup>st</sup> Century Capitalism},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor20181,
title={The Emergence of Global Value Chains: Ideas, Institutions, and Research Communities},
journal={Global Value Chains and Development: Redefining the Contours of 21<sup>st</sup> Century Capitalism},
year={2018},
pages={1-40},
doi={10.1017/9781108559423.002},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139650138&doi=10.1017%2f9781108559423.002&partnerID=40&md5=711d4182bc7a8ff82385279c39e0a58f},
abstract={The chapters in this book were written during the past 25 years and the ideas in them evolved over a considerably longer period. This era spans dramatic changes in the global economy: the forging of the US-led Bretton Woods system to rebuild the postwar international economy in the 1950s and 1960s; the rise of offshore outsourcing and far-flung global supply chains in the 1970s and 1980s; the dismantling of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the BRICs1 in the 1990s; the surge of China as an export power following its admission to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001; the wrenching disruptions of the global recession of 2008-2009; the waning influence of the ‘Washington Consensus’ policy regime; and the surprising turn in the mid-2010s to a virulent economic nationalism and xenophobic populism in the United States and Europe that reject many of the principles of the post-World War II Pax Americana (Buruma, 2016). How can we make sense of such fundamental transformations in global capitalism? What are the determinants of this reorganization of the international economy, and how do we link these global shifts to their national and local consequences? Who are the winners and losers along the way? This book addresses these questions. By nature, the analytical task at hand is international, interdisciplinary and also highly personal. Legions of scholars and pundits have addressed these topics from varied perspectives and geographic vantage points. Providing a coherent interpretation of the evolving events, however, reflects one’s unique intellectual identity based on specific experiences and influences. In my case, I was trained in graduate school at Yale University as a development and economic sociologist, and I spent two years in Mexico doing interview-based field research for my doctoral dissertation on the Mexican pharmaceutical industry. Although my background at Yale was highly interdisciplinary involving coursework in sociology, political science and economics, I had an even more intense exposure to the interplay of academic and policy-engaged work during a three-and-a-half year stint at the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University in the late 1970s. During this period, I also did extensive consulting and contract research for the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations in New York and the Pan American Health Organization in Washington, DC. © Gary Gereffi 2018.},
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publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781108559423; 9781108471947},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Value Chains and Development: Redefining the Contours of 21<sup>st</sup> Century Capitalism},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Aditya2018117,
author={Aditya, A.},
title={Trade, Factor Flows, and Product Variety in a Small Open Economy},
journal={International Trade, Welfare, and the Theory of General Equilibrium},
year={2018},
pages={117-148},
doi={10.1017/9781108563932.008},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138398787&doi=10.1017%2f9781108563932.008&partnerID=40&md5=ee2fa356502835c9a87afa555ccae994},
affiliation={Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India},
abstract={This chapter provides an explanation of asymmetry in policy changes regarding commodity trade, capital inflow, and immigration of labor in terms of their asymmetric impacts on product variety and diversification of export basket. Recent years have witnessed a remarkable push toward globalization. The global economy is more open than before. Yet, noticeable differences in the magnitude of changes in volumes of trade, international capital flows, and immigration can be observed (Findlay and O’Rourke, 2002; Obstfeld and Taylor, 2002). The extraordinary increase in trade volumes in the post-World War II era has not been matched by a parallel rise in labor movement (Mayda, 2004). This is primarily because of asymmetric policies, preferences, and perceptions of countries toward commodity trade liberalization, and immigration of labor or capital inflow. Historically, domestic policies of nations regarding goods trade and labor flows have moved in opposite directions. In the post-World War I era, immigration policies have experienced tightening relative to the previous century, whereas trade policies have increasingly been liberalized especially after World War II (Faini, 2002). Empirical evidence suggests that the economic forces driving the supply side of international immigration-cross-country wage and income differentials, reduced transport, communication and information costs, and opportunities for risk diversification-have become stronger in the last two decades. Hence, as pointed out by Faini (2002), restrictive policies play a key role in explaining the relatively small scale of international immigration. The reasons for such a preference of asymmetric policy may be more than one. Trade and migration patterns are driven largely by the differences in the relative endowments of skilled and unskilled labor in different countries as suggested by the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (denoted as HOS hereafter) theory. This theory predicts that the migration of skilled labor is less anti-trade and anti-immigration in more skill-abundant countries (which are the richer countries) than in more unskilled labor-abundant countries (poorer countries). This theoretical prediction is also empirically verified and confirmed by some recent studies of O’Rourke (2003) and Mayda (2004) rejecting the earlier view that only noneconomic considerations shape attitudes toward foreigners. Mayda (2004), in particular, brings out the importance of the economic factors, which play key and robust role in preference formation on immigration policy, thereby controlling for the impacts of noneconomic factors. © Cambridge University Press 2018.},
references={Aditya, A., Acharyya, R., Export Diversification, Composition and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Analysis (2013) The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 27 (2), pp. 959-992; Aditya, A., Acharyya, R., Trade Liberalization and Export Diversification (2015) International Review of Economics and Finance, 39, pp. 390-410; Agosin, M.R., (2007) Export Diversification and Growth in Emerging Economies, , Working Paper 233, Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Chile; Bhagwati, J.N., Writings on International Economics (1997) International Factor Movements and National Advantage, , edited by V.N. Balasubramanyam. New Delhi: Oxford University Press; Bilal, S., Grether, J.M., Melo, J.D., Determinants of Attitudes towards Immigration: A Trade-Theoretic Approach (2003) Review of International Economics, 11 (2), pp. 253-267; Broda, C., Weinstein, D.A., (2004) Globalization and the Gains from Variety, , NBER Working Paper 10314; Faini, R., Discussion of ‘International migration and the integration of labor markets (2002) Globalization in Historical Perspective, , edited by B. Chiswick and T. Hatton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Feenstra, R.C., New Product Varieties and the Measurement of International Prices (1994) The American Economic Review, 84 (1), pp. 157-177; Feenstra, R., Kee, H.L., (2005) Trade Liberalization and Export Variety: A Comparison of China and Mexico, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Feenstra, R.C., Ma, H., Trade Facilitation and the Extensive Margin of Exports (2014) Japanese Economic Review, 65 (2), pp. 158-177; Findlay, R., O’Rourke, K.H., Commodity Market Integration 1500-2000 (2002) Globalization in Historical Perspectives, , edited by A. Taylor and J. Williamson. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Grossman, G., Helpman, E., (1991) Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, , Cambridge: MIT Press; Helpman, E., International Trade in the Presence of Product Differentiation, Economies of Scale, and Monopolistic Competition: A Chamberlin-Heckscher-Ohlin Approach (1981) Journal of International Economics, 11, pp. 305-340; Hesse, H., (2008) Export Diversification and Economic Growth, , Working Paper 21, Commission on Growth and Development, World Bank; Hummels, D., Klenow, P.J., The Variety and Quality of a Nation’s Exports (2005) The American Economic Review, 95 (3), pp. 704-723; Jansen, M., Piermartini, R., (2005) The Impact of Mode 4 Liberalization on Bilateral Trade Flows, , Staff Working Paper ERSD-2005-06, World Trade Organization Economic Research and Statistics Division; Jones, R.W., A Three-Factor Model in Trade, Theory, and History (1971) Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth: Essays in Honour of C. P. Kindleberger, , edited by J. N. Bhagwati, R. W. Jones, R. A. Mundell and J. Vanek. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing; Klenow, P., Rodriguez-Clare, A., (1997) Quantifying Variety Gains from Trade Liberalization, , University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business Working Paper; Krugman, P.R., Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade (1979) The Journal of International Economics, 9, pp. 469-479; Lederman, D., Maloney, W.F., Trade Structure and Growth (2007) Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny, , edited by D. Lederman and W. F. Maloney. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press; Markusen, J.R., Melvin, J.R., The Gains-from-Trade Theorem with Increasing Returns to Scale (1989) Monopolistc Competition and International Trade, , edited by H. Kierzkowski. Oxford: Clarendon Press; Melitz, M.J., The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity (2003) Econometrica, 71 (6), pp. 1695-1725; Melitz, M.J., Ottaviano, G.I.P., Market Size, Trade and Productivity (2008) Review of Economic Studies, 75, pp. 295-316; Mayda, A.M., (2004) Who is Against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants, , IZA Discussion Paper No. 1115; Michaely, M., (1962) Concentration in International Trade, , Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company; Obstfeld, M., Taylor, A.M., Globalization and Capital Markets (2002) Globalization in Historical Perspective, , edited by A. M. Taylor and J. G. Williamson. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; O’Rourke, K.H., (2003) Heckscher-Ohlin Theory and Individual Attitudes towards Globalization, , IIIS Discussion Paper No. 07; Romer, P.M., New Goods, Old Theory, and the Welfare Costs of Trade Restrictions (1994) The Journal of Development Economics, 43 (1), pp. 5-38},
correspondence_address1={Aditya, A.; Indian Institute of TechnologyIndia},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781108563932; 9781108473873},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Trade, Welf., and the Theory of General Equilibrium},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sullivan201897,
author={Sullivan, S.},
title={New Wars, New Correspondents},
journal={What’s Next?: Problems and Prospects of Jonnulism},
year={2018},
pages={97-102},
doi={10.4324/9781351299367-18},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136080190&doi=10.4324%2f9781351299367-18&partnerID=40&md5=0f7ade15f181c58306a965a729478dad},
affiliation={Human Rights Initiative, Harvard University, United States},
abstract={The world has been shrinking for a long time, but in the 1990s, with the proliferation of e-mail, international commerce and cheap travel, it is shrinking faster than ever before. The result is that faraway places become more relevant to our lives. There was a time when troubles in Indonesia would not have had an impact on our lives in the United States, but living in a global economy, the force of political and economic shocks in Asia reaches all the way to the United States. Today, when we can communicate several times a day with someone in Kazakhstan or Nepal by pressing a button, and when it is not unusual for some people to travel to different continents a few times a year, there is a greater likelihood that events in faraway places will shape our lives. © 2001 by Taylor and Francis.},
correspondence_address1={Sullivan, S.; Human Rights Initiative, United States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351299350; 9781138540477},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={What’s Next?: Problems and Prospects of Jonnulism},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Nafziger201897,
author={Nafziger, S. and Morys, M.},
title={Economic Integration with Western Europe and the Global Economy, 1800-1914},
journal={The Economic History of Central, East and South-East Europe: 1800 to the Present},
year={2018},
pages={97-127},
doi={10.4324/9781315686097-6},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127189330&doi=10.4324%2f9781315686097-6&partnerID=40&md5=ed2f6441677d49eab162e954a0406f46},
affiliation={Faculty Affiliate in History, Williams College, United States; Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, United Kingdom},
abstract={This chapter explores the growing connections between the Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) region and the economies of Western Europe over the long 19th century. From the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the onset of World War I in 1914, the regions of CESEE experienced slow but rising integration with the economies of Western Europe and the rest of the global economy. CESEE labor markets were increasingly integrated with those of Western Europe and the rest of the global economy, especially after 1870. The CESEE’s experience of economic integration with Western Europe and the rest of the global economy took place amidst this backdrop of institutional development, infrastructure building, and policymaking. The evidence on factor and trade flows during the long 19th century suggests a slow but persistent process of economic integration between CESEE, Western Europe, and the rest of the global economy. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Matthias Morys.},
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New York: Oxford University Press; Attman, A., The Russian Market in World Trade, 1500-1860 (1981) The Scandinavian Economic History Review, pp. 177-202. , 29.3; Axenciuc, V., (2012) Produsul Itern Brut a Romaniei 1862-2000, , Bucharest: Editura Economica; Bairoch, P., Geographical Structure and Trade Balance of European Foreign Trade from 1800 to 1970 (1974) Journal of European Economic History, 3, pp. 557-608; Bandiera, O., Rasul, I., Viarengo, M., The Making of Modern America: Migratory Flows in the Age of Mass Migration (2013) Journal of Development Economics, 102, pp. 23-47; Barnett, V., Tariff Levels and Growth Rates in Russia, 1861-1913: A Note (2004) The Journal of European Economic History, pp. 359-372. , 33.2; Bartlett, R.P., (1979) Human Capital: The Settlement of Foreigners in Russia, 1762-1804, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Battilossi, S., Morys, M., (2011) Emerging Stocks Markets in Historical Perspective. 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Tauris; Good, D.F., (1984) The Economic Rise of the Hapsburg Empire, 1750-1914, , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Goodwin, B.K., Grennes, T.J., Tsarist Russia and the World Wheat Market (1998) Explorations in Economic History, 35, pp. 405-430; Gregory, P.R., (1994) Before Command: An Economic History of Russia from Emancipation to the First Five-Year Plan, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Gregory, P.R., (1982) Russian National Income, 1885-1913, , Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; Harlaftis, G., Kostelenos, G., International Shipping and National Economic Growth: Shipping Earnings and the Greek Economy in the Nineteenth Century (2012) Economic History Review, pp. 1403-1427. , 65.4; Hatton, T.J., Williamson, J., (1998) The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Impacts, , New York: Oxford University Press; Herlihy, P., (1986) Odessa: A History, 1794-1914, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Hertner, P., Historical Lessons of Foreign Banking in Eastern Europe: The Case of Tsarist Russia (1997) Banking, International Capital Flows and Growth in Europe, pp. 143-165. , Eds. 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David Good. London: Routledge; Reinhart, C.M., Trebesch, C., (2015) The Pitfalls of External Dependence: Greece, 1829-2015, , University of Munich, Department of Economics Discussion Paper No. 2015-17; (1902) Ministerstvo Finansov: 1802-1902, 2. , (The Ministry of Finance: 1802-1902). St. Petersburg, Russia: State Printer; (1875) Statistika telegrafov Rossiiskoi imperii za 1873 god, , (Russia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Telegraph Department, Telegraph Statistics in the Russian Empire for 1873). 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Philip Cottrell, Monika Fraser, and Iain Fraser. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate; Tilly, R., German Banks and Foreign Investment in Central and Eastern Europe Before 1939 (1994) Economic Transformations in East and Central Europe, pp. 201-230. , Ed. David Good. London: Routledge; Tooze, A., Ivanov, M., Disciplining the ‘Black Sheep of the Balkans’: Financial Supervision and Sovereignty in Bulgaria, 1902-38 (2011) Economic History Review, pp. 30-51. , 64.1; Toprak, Z., The Financial Structure of the Stock Exchange in the Late Ottoman Empire (2008) East Meets West: Banking, Commerce and Investment in the Ottoman Empire, , Ed. Philip L. Cottrell. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate; Tudorianu, N.L., (1986) Ocherki Rossiiskoi trudovoi emigratsii perioda imperializma, , (Essays on Russian Labor Migration During the Imperial Period). Kishinev, USSR: Shtiintsa; Tuncer, A.C., (2015) Sovereign debt and international financial control. The Middle East and the Balkans, 1870-1914, , Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Tuncer, A.C., Pamuk, S., Ottoman Empire: From 1830 to 1914 (2014) South-Eastern European Monetary and Economic Statistics from the Nineteenth Century to World War II, pp. 171-197. , Vienna: Austrian National Bank, Bank of Greece, Bulgarian National Bank, National Bank of Romania; Turnock, D., (2006) The Economy of East Central Europe, 1815-1989: Stages of Transformation in a Peripheral Region, , London: Routledge; Valetov, T., Vneshniaia torgovlia (2010) Dinamika ekonomicheskogo i sotsialʼnogo razvitiia Rossii v XIX - nachale XX vv (“External Trade” Dynamics of the Economic and Social Development of Russia in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries), , www.hist.msu.ru/Dynamics/Foreign_trade.htm, Website, Accessed March 2019; von Laue, T.H., (1963) Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia, , New York: Columbia University Press; Willcox, W.F., (1929) International Migrations, 2. , New York: National Bureau of Economic Research; Williamson, J., (2011) Trade and Poverty: When the Third World Fell Behind, , Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317414117; 9781138921979},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Economic History of Central, East and South-East Europe: 1800 to the Present},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Cleaves20183,
author={Cleaves, G.W.},
title={Strategic Management for the Twenty-First Century},
journal={Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics},
year={2018},
pages={3-13},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-58589-5_1},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 3rd International Conference on Business Management and Technology, 2017 ; Conference Date: 27 February 2017 Through 28 February 2017;  Conference Code:272849},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125387675&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-58589-5_1&partnerID=40&md5=ff8e34988f6effe3e2a2ab3dd789cd1f},
affiliation={Management and Entrepreneurship Department, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, United States},
abstract={Strategy historically was in the purview of the military. It has come to denote a high-level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty. Following the industrial revolution and subsequent rise of scientific management in the twentieth century, the use of quantitative tools for optimization (e.g., linear programming) became popular first in the military during World War II and later in industry. While useful for short-term closed problems (e.g., production and distribution planning and process control), they were found inadequate for longer term strategic planning where risk and uncertainty prevail. In the latter half of the twentieth century, various qualitative approaches for analyzing the external environment, the industry, and the firm were introduced including SWOT analysis, scenario planning, five forces model, industrial organization model, resource-based model, contingency theory, stakeholder model, balanced scorecard, blue ocean, and sustainability. The early years of the twenty-first century have already been full of perils and uncertainty on many fronts including the global economy, terrorism, and environmental concerns. New rigorous quantitative approaches that build on numerous disciplines including economics, optimization, scenario planning and risk management and advancements in science and technology are needed. Risk-Constrained Optimization™ (RCO) is one such approach that warrants further investigation. Rather than seek optimal solutions, RCO seeks to avoid catastrophe and functions more as a filter to locate robust solutions in safe regions by testing them against various kinds of risk. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG.},
author_keywords={Qualitative management;  Quantitative management;  Risk-constrained optimization;  Strategy},
funding_text 1={The author is grateful to his friend and colleague Dr. Vladimir A. Masch for contributions regarding Risk-Constrained Optimization™ (RCO) which represent his lifelong interests and outstanding accomplishments in the area of decision-making under risk and uncertainty and for his comments and suggestions regarding this article.},
references={(2015) Scenario and Contingency Planning, , http://www.bain.com/publications/arti-cles/managementtools-scenario-and-contingency-planning.aspx; Chandler, A.E., (1962) Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise, , Doubleday, New York; Cleaves, G.W., Masch, V., (1996) Strengthening Weak Links: New Opportunities Abound for Advanced OR Technology in Managing the Supply Chain; Drucker, P.F., (1962) The Practice of Management, , HarperCollins, New York; Freund, R., (1994) Professor George Dantzig Linear Programming Founder Turns 80, , SIAM News, November; de Geus, A., The living company (1997) Harvard Business Review, , Watertown, MA; Gordon, R.A., Howell, J.C., (1959) Higher Education for Business, , Columbia University Press; Hitt, M.A., Strategic management competitiveness & globalization (2013) South-Western, , Cengage Learning, Boston; Horner, P., (1999) Planning under Uncertainty: Questions & Answers with George Dantzig, , OR/MS Today; Hoskisson, R.E., (2004) Competing for Advantage, , Thomson-South-Western, Mason; Jones, G.R., George, J.M., (2014) Contemporary Management, , McGraw-Hill; Keynes, J.M., The general theory of employment (1937) Q J Econ, 51, pp. 209-223; Kim, W.E., Mauborgne, R., Blue ocean strategy (2004) Harvard Business Review, , Watertown, MA; Kim, W.E., Mauborgne, R., (2005) A Conversation with W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, , Insead, Fontainebleau, Paris; Kirby, M.W., (2003) Operational Research in War and Peace: the British Experience from the 1930S To, p. 1970. , Imperial College Press and The Operational Research Society, London; Lester, D.L., Parnell, J., (2007) Organizational Theory: A Strategic Approach, , Thomson, Mason; Lindner-Dutton, L., Jordan, M., Karwan, M., (1994) Beyond Mean Time to Failure: Praxair’s Novel Reliability Modeling Techniques Keep Gas Flowing to Customers; Masch, V.A., Return to the natural process of decision-making leads to good strategies (2004) J Evol Econ, 14 (4), pp. 431-462; Masch, V.A., An application of risk-constrained optimization (RCO) to a problem of international trade (2010) Int J Oper Quant Manag, 16 (4), pp. 415-465; Masch, V.A., Extensions of stochastic multiscenario models for long-range planning under uncertainty (2013) Environ Syst Decis, 33 (1), pp. 43-59; Masch, V.A., (2014) A Conversations with Vladimir Masch; Phadris, S., Caplice, C., Sheffi, Y., How scenario planning influences strategic decisions (2016) MIT Sloan Manag Rev, 57 (4), pp. 21-24; Porter, M.E., How competitive forces shape strategy (1979) Harvard Business Review, , Watertown, MA; Porter, M.E., (1980) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, , Simon and Schuster, New York; Porter, M.E., What is strategy? (1996) Harvard Business Review, , Watertown, MA; Rigby, D., Bilodeau, B., (2013) Management Tools and Trends, p. 2003. , Bain and Company brief, Boston, MA; Schwartz, P., (1991) The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World, , Doubleday Currency, New York; Senge, P.M., (1990) The Fifth Discipline, , Doubleday Currency, New York; Taylor, F.W., (1911) The Principles of Scientific Management, , Harper Bros, New York; Wirtenberg, J., (2012) HR’s Role in Building a Sustainable Enterprise Insights from Some of the world’s Best Companies, , New Jersey},
correspondence_address1={Cleaves, G.W.; Management and Entrepreneurship Department, United States; email: gcleaves@fdu.edu},
editor={Tadj L., Garg A.K.},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
issn={21987246},
isbn={9783319585888},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Springer Proc. Bus. Econ.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Maher201871,
author={Maher, D.},
title={Colombia: Globalisation, Economic Growth and Civil War},
journal={Rethinking Political Violence},
year={2018},
pages={71-124},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-66580-1_3},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125381552&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-66580-1_3&partnerID=40&md5=6016d3e1e9c9ae98b1af2417126a01a8},
affiliation={Lecturer in International Relations, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom},
abstract={This chapter provides an in-depth case study of civil war and economic development in Colombia at the national level. The following paradox is investigated: during periods of endemic civil war violence, Colombia has exhibited strong economic growth and integration into the global economy. The evidence presented in this chapter suggests that, contrary to precluding economic development, Colombia’s civil war violence has facilitated economic growth. In particular, this chapter argues that violence perpetrated by Colombia’s military and right-wing paramilitary groups (often acting in concert) that is directed at both armed and unarmed groups has been conducive to economic growth and integration into the global economy. This includes widespread forced displacement and violence targeted at civilian groups such as trade unions and indigenous communities. © 2018, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Human Rights Watch;  Internally Displaced Persons (IDP);  International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC);  Paramilitary Groups;  United Self-Defense Forces},
correspondence_address1={Maher, D.; Lecturer in International Relations, United Kingdom},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={27528588},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethink. Political. Violence.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Hamilton2018537,
author={Hamilton, G.G. and Fels, D.},
title={Consumerism and self-representation in an era of global capitalism},
journal={Routledge Handbook of Cultural Sociology: Second Edition},
year={2018},
pages={537-545},
doi={10.4324/9781315267784-57},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084608741&doi=10.4324%2f9781315267784-57&partnerID=40&md5=539f77c5bd9de02b3e6c26ee8f584a61},
affiliation={University of Washington, United States},
abstract={This chapter argues that the leading theories of global convergence misinterpret what is actually happening in the global economy. In one form or another, these theories point to various economic and social institutions as the principal causes leading to inevitable outcomes. Such “supply-driven” independent variables ignore the selective choices made by consumers. Rather than supply-driven, it is more accurate to see that global processes are driven by consumer demand, processes that lead to differentiation, as well as convergence. The chapter illustrates these processes with a detailed analysis of the post-World War II retail revolution that reshaped global capitalism around technologies that could reliably measure demand for ideal and material goods. These technologies allow retailers and merchandisers to form a “feedback loop” with consumers, which in turn allows them to order the desired goods from contract manufacturers. This feedback loop also encourages cultural diversity that forms around consumers’ desires for self-representation. © 2019 selection and editorial matter, Laura Grindstaff, Ming-Cheng M. Lo, John R.},
references={Abaza, M., Shopping Malls, Consumer Culture and the Reshaping of Public Space in Egypt (2001) Theory, Culture, and Society, 18 (5), pp. 97-122; Abernathy, F.H., Dunlop, J.T., Hammond, J.H., Weil, D., (1999) A Stitch in Time: Lean Retailing and the Transformation of Manufacturing - Lessons from the Apparel and Textile Industries, , New York:Oxford University Press; Bonacich, E., Wilson, J.B., (2008) Getting the Goods: Ports, Labor, and the Logistics Revolution, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Chua, B.H., (2003) Life Is Not Complete without Shopping: Consumption Culture in Singapore, , Singapore:Singapore University Press; Drori, G.S., Meyer, J.W., Hwang, H., (2006) Globalization and Organization: World Society and Organizational Change, , New York: Oxford University Press; Feenstra, R.C., Hamilton, G.G., (2006) Emergent Economies, Divergent Paths: Economic Organization and International Trade in South Korea and Taiwan, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gereffi, G., The Organization of Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains: How U.S. Retail Networks Shape Overseas Production Networks (1994) Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, pp. 95-122. , edited by G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Hamilton, G.G., Kao, C., (2018) Making Money: How Taiwanese Industrialists Embraced the Global Economy, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Holt, D.B., Poststructuralist Lifestyle Analysis: Conceptualizing the Social Patterning of Consumption in Postmodernity (1997) Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (4), pp. 326-350; Kuah-Pearce, E.K., Transnational Self in Chinese Diaspora: A Conceptual Framework (2006) Asian Studies Review, 30 (3), pp. 223-240; Marx, K., (1959) Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, , New York: Anchor Books; Mathews, G., Lui, T., (2001) Consuming Hong Kong, , Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press; Meyer, J.W., Hannan, M.T., (1979) National Development and the World System: Educational, Economic, and Political Change 1950-1970, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Reardon, T., Henson, S., Berdegue, J., ‘Proactive Fast-Tracking’ Diffusion of Supermarkets in Developing Countries: Implications for Market Institutions and Trade (2007) Journal of Economic Geography, 7, pp. 399-431; Ritzer, G., (2004) The Globalization of Nothing, , 1st and 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Ritzer, G., (2008) The McDonaldization of Society, , [1993], 8th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press; Skinner, G.W., Chinese Cities: The Difference a Century Makes (1999) Cosmopolitan Capitalists: Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the End of the Twentieth Century, pp. 56-69. , edited by G. G. Hamilton. Seattle: University of Washington Press; Taylor, F., (1911) The Principles of Scientific Management, , New York: Harper and Brothers; Veblen, T., (1953) The Theory of the Leisure Class, , [1899], New York: Mentor Books; Watson, J., (2006) Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351974103; 9781138288621},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Routledge Handb. of Cultural Sociology: Second Edition},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiner201895,
author={Weiner, M.},
title={The global migration crisis},
journal={Global History and Migrations},
year={2018},
pages={95-115},
doi={10.4324/9780429500190-4},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070618676&doi=10.4324%2f9780429500190-4&partnerID=40&md5=34d1e65e01cc8d5b78a9c0256b68bfdc},
abstract={The globalization of migration has been accelerating since the end of World War II, the result of three major factors. The first is the growth of a more integrated global economy. The second is the rapid increase in the number of states, some weak and divided, some autocratic and rapacious, but in either event sufficiently nasty so that many of their citizens prefer to move to another country. The third is the global communication and transportation systems, which enable individuals to learn of opportunities elsewhere and to move at low cost. This chapter attempts to disaggregate the various dimensions of the crisis to ascertain what aspects of the flows have created anxieties among political leaders and their citizens. It examines five dimensions of the global migration crisis: control over entry, the absorption of migrants and refugees, international relations, international regimes and institutions, and moral considerations. Migration can create opportunities for individuals, and provide significant economic and social benefits to many countries. © 1997 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
references={Gungwu, W., Migration and its enemies (1993) Conceptualizing Global History, pp. 131-151. , Bruce Mazlish and Ralph Buultjens, Boulder: Westview Press; McNeill, W.H., Adams, R.S., (1978) Human Migration Patterns and Policies, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; (1993) The 1993 State of World Population Report, , New York: UNFPA; We cannot simply become an extension of another country by allowing people to walk (1992) Far Eastern Economic Review, p. 21. , 6 August; Russell, S.S., (1993) International Migration in Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, , Washington, D.C.: The World Bank Population and Human Resources Division; Fix, M., Passel, J.S., (1994) Immigration and Immigrants: Setting the Record Straight, p. 4. , Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429968747; 9780813331249},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global History and Migrations},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mertenskötter2018165,
author={Mertenskötter, P. and Stewart, R.B.},
title={Remote control: Treaty requirements for regulatory procedures},
journal={Cornell Law Review},
year={2018},
volume={104},
number={1},
pages={165-232},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069740527&partnerID=40&md5=494fca41bb71e532932d8f74214b98e0},
affiliation={Institute for International Law and Justice, NYU Law School, United States; NYU Law School, Frank J. Guarini Center on Environmental, Energy, and Land Use Law, United States},
abstract={Modern trade agreements have come to include many and varied obligations for domestic regulation and administration. These treaty-based commitments aim primarily to improve the freedom of firms to operate in the global economy by aligning the ways in which governments regulate markets and private actors engage governments through administrative law. They therefore strike at the core of how economies are ordered and entail important distributional questions. An increasingly prevalent and diverse—but hitherto largely neglected—type of treaty obligation prescribes specific procedures for domestic administrative decision-making. This Article frames such requirements as tools of powerful states to control regulatory decision-making by government officials in other states. These obligations operate as instruments of transnational remote control by empowering private actors—predominantly well-organized business interests—directly to use these procedures to pursue and defend their interests in other states. To make this case, this Article for the first time synthesizes McNollgast’s conception of regulatory procedures in the purely domestic context as instruments of political control, and Putnam’s theorization of international treaty negotiations as a two-level game. By applying this new synthesis to trade agreements, this Article shows how procedural obligations can be designed to stack the deck in favor of certain private interests and why treaty negotiators may find it easier to agree on procedures than substantive commitments. This Article uses its synthetic conception to explain the accelerating rise of procedural requirements in post-war international economic law and demonstrates its explanatory potential by analyzing the variation between strong transnational regulatory procedures for intellectual property rights and weak procedural protections for the environment in the revived Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement. © 2018 Cornell Law School. All rights reserved.},
references={Ala’i, P., D’Orsi, M., Transparency in international economic relations and the role of the WTO (2014) RESEARCH HANDBOOK on TRANSPARENCY, 368, pp. 371-373. , Ala’i & Robert Vaughn eds; Horn, H., Mavroidis, P.C., Wijkstrom, E.N., In the shadow of the DSU: Addressing specific trade concerns in the WTO SPS and TBT committees (2013) J. WORLD TRADE, 47, p. 729. , 732, 735; (2016) Trans-Pacific Partnership, , https://www.tpp.mfat.govt.nz/text, Feb. 4, https://perma.cc/2322-QMYP hereinafter TPP12; Howse, R., Teitel, R., Beyond compliance: Rethinking why international law really matters (2010) GLOBAL POL’Y, 1 (127). , 129–33; Rose, N., Miller, P., Political power beyond the state: Problematics of government (1992) BRIT. J. SOC., 43 (173). , 180–81; Shaffer, G., How the world trade organization shapes regulatory governance (2015) REG. & GOVERNANCE, 9, p. 1. , 3; McCubbins, M.D., Noll, R.G., Weingast, B.R., Administrative procedures as instruments of political control (1987) J. L., ECON. & ORG., 3, p. 243. , 261 hereinafter McNollgast, Administrative Procedures; Putnam, R.D., Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of two-level games (1988) INT’L ORG, 42 (427). , 433–35; http://www.who.int/fctc/treaty_instruments/adopted/article_5_3/en/; Lester, S., Transparency in trade negotiations: How much is enough, how much is too much? (2015) ICTSD: BRIDGES Africa, , https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges-africa/news/transparency-in-trade-nego-tiations-how-much-is-enough-how-much-is, Sept. 1; https://www.accessnow.org/transparency-matters-europes-trade-negotiations/},
publisher={Cornell Law School},
issn={00108847},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cornell Law Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bradlow2018213,
author={Bradlow, D.D.},
title={Assessing the potential for global economic governance reform [Оценка потенциала реформ системы глобального экономического управления]},
journal={International Journal of Agricultural Management},
year={2018},
volume={7},
number={4},
pages={213-236},
doi={10.17323/1996-7845-2018-04-10},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066013712&doi=10.17323%2f1996-7845-2018-04-10&partnerID=40&md5=8d824ec1c1f00731a9817635ef22c1c8},
affiliation={International Development Law and African Economic Relations, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa},
abstract={Every dynamic social system's adaptive capacity is finite. Eventually, the ability of the system's legal and institutional arrangements to adapt to the changing operational context is exhausted. At this point, unless the system is significantly reformed, it begins losing its legitimacy and efficacy. This article contends that the structure, operation and scale of the global economy has changed so dramatically that the current arrangements for global economic governance are approaching this crisis moment. They are failing to deliver an inclusive, sustainable and efficient international economic system that can contribute to peace, prosperity and human welfare. Their governance arrangements and operating practices and procedures have not been adequately adapted to the new realities of the international political economy. Key institutions are only slowly adjusting their current decision-making practices to the fact that the balance of economic power among their members has shifted. They have also been slow in responding to the growing importance of such non-state actors as corporations, civil society organizations and subnational governments in the governance of the global economy. However, the political will to make the necessary changes to the institutional arrangements for global economic governance is lacking. This means that in the short to medium term, absent a serious crisis, there is limited potential for reform. However, this does not mean that opportunities for meaningful partial reforms do not exist. Those actors that are interested in reform need to carefully seek out those opportunities and, once identified, use them to make the system more participatory, accountable and responsive to the concerns to all stakeholders in the system. This in turn should enhance the capacity of the system to respond productively to future opportunities for more profound changes in global economic governance. In making this case, the article first briefly describes the key features of the order established after World War II. Second, it discusses some of the changes that these institutions have undergone over the past 70 years. Third, it discusses the adjustments that, in fact, have been made in global economic governance. It also indicates some ways in which opportunities for making the system more inclusive, responsive and accountable can be identified. Finally, it offers suggestions regarding possible changes within the current order and on the role entities like the Group of 20 and the BRICS grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa can play in promoting these changes. It should be noted that, due to space limitations, while this article discusses global economic governance in general, it concentrates primarily on the cases of the two most prominent institutions in global economic governance - the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (the World Bank). The reason for focusing on the IMF is that it is the most significant multilateral institution active in the governance of international financial and monetary affairs. The World Bank is an important funder of development activity even if it is not the largest such lender. It is the model that was used in setting up all of the regional multilateral development banks (MDBs) and it has had an influence on the structure and function of other MDBs as well, such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. It has also been a thought leader in the area of development finance. © 2018, Institute of Agricultural Management.},
author_keywords={Global governance;  International Monetary Fund (IMF);  World Bank},
references={Aizawa, M., Bradlow, D., Wachenfeld, M., International Financial Regulatory Standards and Human Rights: Connecting the Dots (2018) Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 15 (1). , https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171933, (accessed 15 October 2018); How APEC Operates, , https://www.apec.org/About-Us/How-APEC-Operates, s(accessed 15 October 2018); BIS History-Overview, , https://www.bis.org/about/history_newarrow.htm, (accessed 15 October 2018); https://www.bis.org/list/g10publications/, G10 (accessed 15 October 2018); Bradlow, D., The World Bank, the IMF and Human Rights: Symposium: Social Justice and Development: Critical Issues Facing the Bretton Woods System (1996) Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, 6; Bradlow, D., The Reform of the Governance of the IFIs: A Critical Assessment (2011) World Bank Legal Review: International Financial Institutions and Global Legal Governance, 3. , http://ssrn.com/abstract=1939786, (H. Cisse, D. Bradlow, B. Kingsbury (eds)). World Bank (accessed 15 October 2018); Bradlow, D., Using a Shield as Sword: Are International Organizations Abusing Their Immunity? (2017) Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 31; (2014) Treaty for the Establishment of a BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement, July 15, 2014, Fortaleza, Brazil, , http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/140715-treaty.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , https://www.b20germany.org/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , http://www.cao-ombudsman.org/about/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Darrow, M., (2006) Between Light and Shadow: The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund and International Human Rights Law, , Oxford: Hart Publishing; De Vries, M., (1986) The IMF in a Changing World, 1945-85, , Washington DC: IMF; (1997) Application No, , https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwiw66SynebeAhWCoFsKHRq8BgkQFjABegQIBBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Fapp%2Fconversion%2Fpdf%2F%3Flibrary%3DECHR%26id%3D001-45948%26filename%3D001-45948.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1CUJisfXLh-3MBffO9di5a, 26083/94, Richard Waite and Terry Kennedy Against Germany(accessed 15 October 2018); (1999) Case of Waite and Kennedy v, , http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-58912, Germany, Application No. 26083/94(accessed 15 October 2018); G7 Summit: From Rambouillet to Brussels: The History of the G7, , https://www.g7germany.de/Content/EN/StatischeSeiten/G7_elmau_en/texte_en/2014-11-05-geschichte-g8.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); Our History, , http://www.fsb.org/about/history/, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2018) EU, Russia and China Agree Special Payments System for Iran, , https://www.ft.com/content/4aa03678-c0a7-11e8-8d55-54197280d3f7, 25 September(accessed 15 October 2018); (2009) Leaders' Statement, , http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2009/2009communique0925.html, Pittsburgh, 24-25 September(accessed 15 October 2018); (2015) 5 Steps Towards Managing the Human Rights Impact of Your Business, , https://www.globalcompact.de/wAssets/docs/Menschenrechte/Publikationen/5_steps_towards_managing_the_human_rights_impacts_of_your_business.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); Goodhart, C., (2011) The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: A History of the Early Years 1974-1997, , Cambridge University Press; https://www.g24.org/, Group of 24 (G24) (c. a.) 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correspondence_address1={Bradlow, D.D.; International Development Law and African Economic Relations, Private bag X20, South Africa; email: danny.bradlow@up.ac.za},
publisher={Institute of Agricultural Management},
issn={20473710},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Agric. Manag.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Konina2018186,
author={Konina, N.},
title={Issues of modern geoeconomics [Черты Современной геоэкономики]},
journal={Mezhdunarodnye Protsessy},
year={2018},
volume={16},
number={2},
pages={186-196},
doi={10.17994/IT.2018.16.2.53.11},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062716836&doi=10.17994%2fIT.2018.16.2.53.11&partnerID=40&md5=49a76fbc66e32d413070ddf925ea1883},
affiliation={MGIMO University, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation},
abstract={The rapidly changing political and economic landscape represents a combination of challenges and opportunities for new correlation of forces between the centers of influence, the emergence and growing activity of new players, the growing role of external factors. For about 20 years after the end of the Cold War, the global politics and economy were dominated by the United States, which had technological, economic, financial, military and political superiority. Being the first state to build post-industrial economy, the USA managed to create an efficient innovation system that provided leading American companies with dominance in the global markets for medium- and high-tech goods and services. The economic leadership of the United States is largely due to their dominance in the global monetary and financial system. In a new political and economic map one can see the loss of influence by Japan and the European Union, while new balance of economic forces emerges under the influence of the interaction and confrontation between the USA and China, as well as the growth of the Indian economy. The global map is undergoing serious changes under the pressure of proposed transregional metagroups and active integration processes as well growth of China's geo-economic activity. The increasing role of Asia-Pacific region in the global economy will especially become apparent as a result of the implementation of China's geo-economic ‘Belt and Road’ initiative. In globalized sectors there are transnational networks dominated by the largest TNCs. The political and economic interests of Russia require changes of the current economic policy and new geo-economic strategy both at the state and the largest companies level. © 2018 Academic Educational Forum on International Relations. All Rights Reserved.},
author_keywords={Belt and Road Initiative;  BRICS;  China;  Geo-economic strategy;  Globalization;  India;  International Political Economy;  Metaregional partnerships;  Russia;  Transnational corporations;  USA},
references={Baldwin, R., Martin, P., (1999) Two Waves of Globalization: Superficial Similarities, Fundamental Differences, p. 32. , NBER Working Paper 6904. Cambridge MA, National Bureau of Economic Research; Baykov, A., Yermolayev, A., Novyye liki integratsii [New integration faces (2015) Mezhdunarodnyye Protsessy, 13 (40), pp. 111-117; Bogaturov, A.D., Mezhdu siloy i vliyaniem gosudarstv [Between the power and influence of states (2017) Sravnitel’Naya Politika, 8 (1), pp. 44-57; Bogaturov, A., Fenenko, A., Postkrizisnyye trendy v mirovoy politike [ Post-crisis trends in world politics (2011) Svobodnaya Mysl, (2), pp. 119-134; Bulatov, A., Sistema global'noy ekonomiki: Algoritmy i vektory evolyutsii [System of global economy: Algorithms and vectors of evolution (2010) Mirovaya Ekonomika I Mezhdunarodnyye Otnosheniya, (2), pp. 119-127; Butorina, O., Kak SSHA obespechili pobedu dollaru v Bretton-Vudse[ How the US secured the dollar in Bretton Woods (2015) Voprosy Ekonomiki, (8), pp. 58-72; Kochetov, E., Baydakov, M., Konina, N., Sel'tsovskiy, V., Stolyarova, N., Frolova, E., Sapir, E., Geoekonimika i konkurentosposobnost Rossii (2010) Nauchno-Kontseptual'Nyye Osnovy Geoekonomicheskoy Politiki Rossii [Geoeconomics and Russia’S Competitiveness. Scientific and Conceptual Foundations of Russia'S Geo-Economic Policy: Report], p. 42. , Moscow; Hsiung, J., The age of geoeconomics, China’s global role, and prospects of cross-strait integration (2009) Journal of Chinese Political Science, 14 (2), pp. 113-133; Kheyfets, B., Novyye ekonomicheskiye megapartnerstva i global'naya ekonomika [New economic mega-partnerships and the global economy (2016) Mezhdunarodnaya Zhizn, (3), pp. 127-146; Konina, N., Global'naya proizvodstvennaya sistema kak istochnik konkurentnykh preimushchestv TNK [Global production system as a source of competitive advantages of TNCs (2009) Ekonomicheskiye Nauki, 4 (53), pp. 356-362; Spark, M., (2013) Introducing Globalization: Ties, Tensions and Uneven Integration, p. 508. , London, New York: Wiley- Blackwell, 2013},
correspondence_address1={Konina, N.; MGIMO UniversityRussian Federation; email: nkonina777@gmail.com},
publisher={Academic Educational Forum on International Relations},
issn={17282756},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Mezhdunar. Protsessy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Mitriță20185800,
author={Mitriță, M. and Florian, M. and Postolache, A. and Matei, F.O. and Popescu, L.},
title={Natural resources and economic disparities generated by socio-economic shocks},
journal={Proceedings of the 31st International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2018: Innovation Management and Education Excellence through Vision 2020},
year={2018},
pages={5800-5803},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 31st International Business Information Management Association Conference: Innovation Management and Education Excellence through Vision 2020, IBIMA 2018 ; Conference Date: 25 April 2018 Through 26 April 2018;  Conference Code:143853},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060818197&partnerID=40&md5=6daf1112878305067cdfbcdf89d1b799},
affiliation={Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania},
abstract={The focus in this research article is tilted towards the idea how economic shocks are resulted from informational asymmetry shaped by policy makers and that could result in financial based perfect storms, igniting from political perspective, which evolves on the long run into an aggregate supply-based shock for natural resources. The past is a good lesson for predicting the future and sometimes self-awareness is key to temper down some pending issues that could hit hard the global economy on the long run. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Currency wars;  Economic downturn;  Natural resources;  Scarcity},
keywords={Economics;  Information management, Currency wars;  Economic downturn;  Global economies;  Informational asymmetry;  Political perspective;  Scarcity;  Self awareness;  Socio-economics, Natural resources},
references={Dinu, M., Bodislav, A., Ailenei, D., Dachin, A., Huidumac, C., Iovițu, M., Marinaș, C., Suciu, C., (2016) What/Who Are We After the Transition? Focus on Romania, , Nova Publishers, New York City, NY; Eichengreen, B., Hausmann, R., Exchange rates and financial fragility (1999) NBER, Working Paper; Frankel, J., Rose, A., Currency crashes in emerging markets: An empirical treatment (1996) Journal of International Economics, (41), pp. 351-366; Frynas, J., Wood, G., Hinks, T., The resource curse without natural resources: Expectations of resource booms and their impact (2017) African Affairs, (2), pp. 233-260; Magalhaes, P., (2015) Financial Crisis, Austerity and Electoral Politics, , Routledge, New York City, NY; Mellor, M., The future of money (2010) From Financial Crisis to Public Resource, , Pluto Press, New York City, NY; Peicuti, C., (2011) Lumea in Criza, , Erorile sistemului, Polirom Publishing, Iași; Porter, M., Kramer, M., Creating shared value (2011) Harvard Business Review, pp. 1-17. , January-February; Reinhart, C., Rogoff, K., (2009) This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Voinea, L., (2009) Sfarsitul Economiei Iluziei: Criza Si Anticriza. O Abordare Heterodoxa, , Publica Publishing, Bucharest, RO},
editor={Soliman K.S.},
publisher={International Business Information Management Association, IBIMA},
isbn={9780999855102},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Bus. Inf. Manag. Assoc. Conf., IBIMA: Innov. Manag. Educ. Excell. Vis.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bradlow2018213,
author={Bradlow, D.D.},
title={Assessing the potential for global economic governance reform [Оценка потенциала реформ системы глобального экономического управления]},
journal={International Organisations Research Journal},
year={2018},
volume={13},
number={4},
pages={213-236},
doi={10.17323/1996-7845-2018-04-10},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060007331&doi=10.17323%2f1996-7845-2018-04-10&partnerID=40&md5=836710497b3922ec9999d199629f44a1},
affiliation={American University Washington College of Law, United States; University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa},
abstract={Любая динамичная социальная система обладает ограниченным потенциалом для адаптации. Способ- ность правовой и институциональной структуры какой-либо системы приспосабливаться к меняющимся условиям деятельности не безгранична. Следовательно, если система не подвергается существенной пере- стройке, она начинает терять свою легитимность и эффективность. Автор статьи утверждает, что структура, модель функционирования и масштаб мировой эконо- мики изменились настолько существенно, что современная модель глобального экономического управления приблизилась к пределу своей эффективности. Действующие механизмы уже не способны обеспечить ин- клюзивность, устойчивость и эффективность международной экономической системы, которая могла бы поддерживать международный мир и процветание, а также производить социальные блага. Данные меха- низмы, управленческие практики и процедуры не были в полной мере адаптированы к новым реалиям миро- вой экономики. Ключевые международные экономические институты медленно приспосабливаются к изме- нившемуся соотношению сил среди их членов. Они с опозданием реагируют на растущую роль корпораций, институтов гражданского общества и наднациональных органов в глобальном экономическом управлении. Как бы то ни было, наблюдается недостаток политической воли, необходимой для реформирова- ния институциональной структуры глобального экономического управления. Из этого следует, что без серьезного кризиса потенциал для реформ представляется ограниченным в кратко- и среднесрочной пер- спективе. Однако это не означает, что не существует возможности для проведения продуманных узкона- правленных реформ. Акторы, заинтересованные в осуществлении реформ, должны тщательно работать над выявлением подобных возможностей, а обнаружив их, - использовать шанс для того, чтобы сделать систему более открытой к участию, подотчетной и динамичной в интересах проведения более существен- ных реформ глобального экономического управления в будущем. Данная статья вначале обращается к ключевым особенностям миропорядка, созданного после Вто- рой мировой войны. Следом рассматриваются некоторые изменения, которым подверглись созданные ин- ституты в течение последних семидесяти лет. Наряду с этим в статье рассматриваются изменения в самой системе глобального экономического управления, а также возможные пути для выявления возмож- ностей сделать систему более инклюзивной, динамичной и подотчетной. В заключительном разделе при- водятся некоторые предположения относительно того, какие изменения возможны в текущих условиях и какую роль в претворении данных изменений в жизнь могут сыграть такие институты, как «Группа двадцати» и БРИКС. Следует отметить, что в силу ограниченности объем, данная статья, рассматривая систему гло- бального экономического управления в целом, в основном фокусируется на примерах двух наиболее важных институтов данной системы - Международном валютном фонде (МВФ) и Группе Всемирного банка (Все- мирный банк). Причина, по которой МВФ необходимо уделить внимание, состоит в том, что в насто- ящий момент он является наиболее значимым среди действующих многосторонних институтов в сфере международных финансов и монетарной политики. Всемирный банк играет важнейшую роль в содействии международному развитию, даже если он не является крупнейшим кредитором. Всемирный банк стал моделью для формирования всех региональных многосторонних банков развития (МБР), а также оказал влияние на структуру и функционал остальных МБР, таких как Азиатский банк инфраструктурных ин- вестиций (АБИИ). Кроме того, Всемирный банк всегда играл весомую роль в финансировании междуна- родного развития.
Every dynamic social system's adaptive capacity is finite. Eventually, the ability of the system's legal and institutional arrangements to adapt to the changing operational context is exhausted. At this point, unless the system is significantly reformed, it begins losing its legitimacy and efficacy. This article contends that the structure, operation and scale of the global economy has changed so dramatically that the current arrangements for global economic governance are approaching this crisis moment. They are failing to deliver an inclusive, sustainable and efficient international economic system that can contribute to peace, prosperity and human welfare. Their governance arrangements and operating practices and procedures have not been adequately adapted to the new realities of the international political economy. Key institutions are only slowly adjusting their current decision-making practices to the fact that the balance of economic power among their members has shifted. They have also been slow in responding to the growing importance of such non-state actors as corporations, civil society organizations and subnational governments in the governance of the global economy. However, the political will to make the necessary changes to the institutional arrangements for global economic governance is lacking. This means that in the short to medium term, absent a serious crisis, there is limited potential for reform. However, this does not mean that opportunities for meaningful partial reforms do not exist. Those actors that are interested in reform need to carefully seek out those opportunities and, once identified, use them to make the system more participatory, accountable and responsive to the concerns to all stakeholders in the system. This in turn should enhance the capacity of the system to respond productively to future opportunities for more profound changes in global economic governance. In making this case, the article first briefly describes the key features of the order established after World War II. Second, it discusses some of the changes that these institutions have undergone over the past 70 years. Third, it discusses the adjustments that, in fact, have been made in global economic governance. It also indicates some ways in which opportunities for making the system more inclusive, responsive and accountable can be identified. Finally, it offers suggestions regarding possible changes within the current order and on the role entities like the Group of 20 and the BRICS grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa can play in promoting these changes. It should be noted that, due to space limitations, while this article discusses global economic governance in general, it concentrates primarily on the cases of the two most prominent institutions in global economic governance - the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (the World Bank). The reason for focusing on the IMF is that it is the most significant multilateral institution active in the governance of international financial and monetary affairs. The World Bank is an important funder of development activity even if it is not the largest such lender. It is the model that was used in setting up all of the regional multilateral development banks (MDBs) and it has had an influence on the structure and function of other MDBs as well, such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. It has also been a thought leader in the area of development finance. © 2018 National Research University Higher School of Economics.},
author_keywords={Global governance;  International Monetary Fund (IMF);  World Bank;  Всемирный банк;  Глобальное управление;  Международный валютный фонд},
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Bradlow, B. Kingsbury (eds)). World Bank (accessed 15 October 2018); Bradlow, D., Using a Shield as Sword: Are International Organizations Abusing Their Immunity? (2017) Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 31; (2014) Treaty for the Establishment of a BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement, , http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/140715-treaty.html, July 15, 2014, Fortaleza, Brazil (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , https://www.b20germany.org/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , http://www.cao-ombudsman.org/about/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Darrow, M., (2006) Between Light and Shadow: The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund and International Human Rights Law, , Oxford: Hart Publishing; De Vries, M., (1986) The IMF in a Changing World, 1945-85, , Washington DC: IMF; (1997) Application No, , https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwiw66SynebeAhWCoFsKHRq8BgkQFjABegQIBBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Fapp%2Fconversion%2Fpdf%2F%3Flibrary%3DECHR%26id%3D001-45948%26filename%3D001-45948.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1CUJisfXLh-3MBffO9di5a, 26083/94, Richard Waite and Terry Kennedy Against Germany (accessed 15 October 2018); (1999) Case of Waite and Kennedy v, , http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-58912, Germany, Application No. 26083/94 (accessed 15 October 2018); G7 Summit: From Rambouillet to Brussels: The History of the G7, , https://www.g7germany.de/Content/EN/StatischeSeiten/G7_elmau_en/texte_en/2014-11-05-geschichte-g8.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); Our History, , http://www.fsb.org/about/history/, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2018) EU, Russia and China Agree Special Payments System for Iran, , https://www.ft.com/content/4aa03678-c0a7-11e8-8d55-54197280d3f7, 25 September (accessed 15 October 2018); (2009) Leaders' Statement, , http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2009/2009communique0925.html, Pittsburgh, 24-25 September (accessed 15 October 2018); (2015) 5 Steps Towards Managing the Human Rights Impact of Your Business, , https://www.globalcompact.de/wAssets/docs/Menschenrechte/Publikationen/5_steps_towards_managing_the_human_rights_impacts_of_your_business.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); Goodhart, C., (2011) The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: A History of the Early Years 1974-1997, , Cambridge University Press; Official Website, , https://www.g24.org/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , http://www.g77.org/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Hannum, H., The Status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in National and International Law (1996) Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 25 (1); Haq, M.U., Jolly, R., Streeten, P., Haq, K., (1995) The UN and the Bretton Woods Institutions: New Challenges for the 21 Century, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Helleiner, E., (2014) Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods: International Development and the Making of the Postwar Order, , Cornell University Press; Horsefield, J.K., (1969) The International Monetary Fund 1945-1965: Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation: Chronicle, 1. , http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/532521468149674407/pdf/833920BR0IBRD20ox0382087B00PUBLIC0.pdf, Washington DC: IMF (accessed 15 October 2018); (2017) Letter to the World Bank on the Environmental and Social Standards Guidance Notes, , https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/12/04/letter-world-bank-environmentaland-social-standards-guidance-notes, 4 December (accessed 15 October 2018); Hurley, J., Morris, S., Portelance, G., (2018) Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective, , https://www.cgdev.org/publication/examining-debt-implications-belt-and-road-initiative-policy-perspective, Policy Paper, Center for Global Development (accessed 15 October 2018); (2018) Governance of the IMF: Evaluation Update, , http://www.ieo-imf.org/ieo/files/updates/1802671_IEO_GOV_EVAL_UPDATE.PDF, (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , http://www.ieo-imf.org/, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1945) Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, , https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/aa/pdf/aa.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1947) Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, , https://www.imf.org/external/SelectedDecisions/Description.aspx?decision=DN5, 39th Issue. Washington DC: IMF (accessed 15 October 2018); (1996) IMF History (1945-1965), , https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF071/14523-9781451955255/14523-9781451955255/front.xml, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2006) Article IV of The Fund's Articles of Agreement: An Overview of the Legal Framework, , https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2006/062806.pdf, Washington DC, IMF (accessed 15 October 2018); (2009) Quotas-Updated Calculations and Quota Variables, Statistical Appendix, and The Acting Chair's Summing Up of the Board Meeting August 27, 2009, , https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2009/082709.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2009) IMF's Public Information Notice 09/98: IMF Executive Board Discusses Governance Reform, , https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/pn0998, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2017) Collaboration Between Regional Financing Agreements and the IMF, , https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/PP/2017/pp073117-collaboration-between-regional-financing-arrangements-and-the-imf.ashx, IMF Policy Paper, July (accessed 15 October 2018); (2010) Transparency at the IMF, , https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2016/07/27/15/35/Transparency-at-the-IMF, (accessed 15 October 2018); IMF Executive Directors and Voting Power, , https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/eds.aspx, (accessed 15 October 2018); Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), , https://www.imf.org/external/np/fsap/fssa.aspx, (accessed 15 October 2018); Jessop, B., The Rise of Governance and the Risks of Failure: The Case of Economic Development (1998) International Social Science Journal, 50 (155). , (accessed 15 October 2018); Kirton, J., (1999) What is the G20? G20 Information Centre, Monk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, , http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/g20whatisit.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , http://www.l20argentina.org/?s=L20&lang=eng, (accessed 15 October 2018); Lukov, V., (2012) A Global Forum for the New Generation: The Role of the BRICS and the Prospects for the Future, , http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/analysis/Lukov-Global-Forum.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); Martens, K., Jakobi, A., (2010) Mechanisms of OECD Governance: International Incentives for National Policy-Making?, , Oxford University Press; Official Website, , https://www.ndb.int/, (accessed 15 October 2018); O'Brien, R., Goetz, A.M., Scholte, J.A., Williams, M., (2000) Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements, , Cambridge University Press; History, , http://www.oecd.org/about/history/, (accessed 15 October 2018); Stuenkel, O., (2015) The BRICS and The Future of Global Order, , Lexington Books; Sussangkam, C., (2010) The Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization: Origin, Development and Outlook, , https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/156085/adbi-wp230.pdf, ADBI Working Paper Series no 230, ADBI Institute (accessed 15 October 2018); Official Website, , https://t20argentina.org/publicacion/the-t20-communique/(accessed15October2018); (1944) International Monetary Fund and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Articles of Agreement, , https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/historical/martin/17_07_19440701.pdf, United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference; (1945) Charter of the United Nations, , http://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1946) Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, , http://www.un.org/en/ethics/pdf/convention.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1948) Final Act and Related Documents, , https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/havana_e.pdf, United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment. Havana, 21 November 1947-24 March 1948 (accessed 15 October 2018); (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, , http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html, UN General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III) (accessed 15 October 2018); International Monetary Fund, , https://www.ungm.org/Shared/KnowledgeCenter/Pages/IMF, United Nations Global Marketplace (accessed 15 October 2018); (2017) Jam v. International Finance Corp, , No. 16-7051. DC Circuit; Vreeland, J., (2003) The IMF and Economic Development, , Cambridge University Press; Official Website, , http://w20argentina.com/en/, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1945) Articles of Agreement, , http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTARCHIVES/Resources/IBRD_Articles_of_Agreement.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1947) Agreement Between the United Nations and the Bank, , http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/532521468149674407/pdf/833920BR0IBRD20ox0382087B00PUBLIC0.pdf, Resolution 24, 16 September (accessed 15 October 2018); (2010) Bank Policy: Access to Information, , http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/393051435850102801/World-Bank-Policy-on-Access-to-Information-V2.pdf, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2012) IBRD Articles of Agreement: Article V, , http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0, contentMDK:20049604~pagePK:51123644~piPK:329829~theSitePK:29708~isCURL:Y,00.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); (2016) The New Environmental and Social Framework, , http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/08/05/the-new-environmental-and-social-framework, (accessed 15 October 2018); About World Bank, , https://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do, (accessed 15 October 2018); Board of Executive Directors Updates, , http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/directors, (accessed 15 October 2018); Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), , http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/financial-sector-assessment-program, (accessed 15 October 2018); What We Do, , http://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do, (accessed 15 October 2018); Board Facts, , http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0, contentMDK:50004880~menuPK:6673256~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036,00.html, (accessed 15 October 2018); About the Inspection Panel, , http://www.inspectionpanel.org/aboutus/about-inspection-panel, (accessed 15 October 2018); (1947) The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947), , https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_01_e.htm, (accessed 15 October 2018)},
correspondence_address1={Bradlow, D.D.; American University Washington College of LawUnited States; email: danny.bradlow@up.ac.za},
publisher={National Research University Higher School of Economics},
issn={19967845},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Organ. Res. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alabdali2018,
author={Alabdali, R.M.},
title={Geographical analysis of mortality in Najaf city, Iraq: Prospects for Tourism},
journal={African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure},
year={2018},
volume={7},
number={4},
page_count={8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056510989&partnerID=40&md5=9926a7c8552c1984cdc6e7b09b47ff6d},
affiliation={Department of Geography, College of Arts, Kufa University, Iraq},
abstract={The natural cause of the decline in population numbers and the mortality rate are not limited to the size of the population but rather to the qualitative aspects of life, age structure and other characteristics. If attention is directed to the causes leading to deaths from diseases and accidents in detail, then all countries need mortality data to prepare plans for the community, whether in health or community living aspects. Mortality is important to the extent to which health services and health awareness are provided in any society. This study examined the time trend of the mortality level in Najaf governorate in Iraq over the past nine years (2007 to 2015), to determine the size and annual rates of mortality and determine their levels of decline or increase and to indicate some of the causes of those deaths. While the reason for choosing this period depended on the data of the Ministry of Health, Directorate of Health of Najaf Governorate in coordination with the Directorate of Statistics of Najaf Governorate and their use of data and vital records in hospitals and forensic medicine. Tourism in Iraq stands to be a major growth sector. Iraqi tourism is currently underdeveloped and in a state of neglect, due to decades of war, closed regimes and recurrent instability and insecurity. Iraqi cities need to develop and stabilize and begin to meet their tremendous potential making Iraq a global tourism destination and gaining the associated economic benefits. There have been nascent efforts to begin promoting and developing tourism, despite the problems in Iraq and especially in the midst of conflict. In the face of social chaos and obvious dangers, the challenges are great. The Iraq Tourism Board has recruited more than 2,000 employees in 14 centers throughout the country, who are engaged in checking hotels, restaurants and commercial licenses. As the Iraqi and global economy recovers, however, it is clear that there is potential for new investment in the Iraq tourism sector. © 2018 AJHTL.},
author_keywords={Biological phenomenon;  Ministry of Health;  Mortality;  Najaf governorate},
references={Al-Rawi, M., The Relationship Between Population and War (1985) Iraqi Economists Association at the First Conference of the Supreme Council of Scientific Societies, , Baghdad, (May 1985); Burkle, F., Jr., Garfield, R., Civilian mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq (2013) Lancet, 381, pp. 877-879; Carpenter, D., Fuller, T., Roberts, L., WikiLeaks and Iraq Body Count: the sum of parts may not add up to the whole-a comparison of two tallies of Iraqi civilian deaths (2013) Prehosp Disaster Med, 28, pp. 223-229; (1966), No. S / Z on March 22, sent to the Ministry of Interior, file number 59 / K-2; Dabidian, H., Al-Ani, M.W., Francke, C.H., Redwan, A., (2013) Iraq's Tourism Potential, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25475, MENA Knowledge and Learning Quick Notes Series; No. 87. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank; Entsar, J.S., The prevalence of parasitic protozoan diseases in Iraq, 2016 (2016) Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 4 (1), pp. 21-25. , March 2018; Iraq-International tourism-International tourism, number of arrivals, , https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/iraq/international-tourism, [Accessed on 26 July 2018]; (2018) Five million tourists visit Iraq annually: government, by Mohamed Mostafa, , https://www.iraqinews.com/features/five-million-tourists-visitiraq-annually-govt/, Jan 30, 2018, [Accessed 19 July, 2018]; Lutz, J.M., Lutz, B.J., (2008) Global Terrorism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2015) Najaf Health Department, , Department of Vital Statistics, recorded mortality data for the years 2007 to 2015; (2015) Population Estimates according to Environment, , Sex and Administrative Unit of Najaf Governorate for the Years 2007 to 2015, Population Statistics Division; (1978) The Republic of Iraq, , Central Bureau of Statistics, Najaf Governorate census results from 1977 Central Statistical Organization Press, Baghdad, (1978); (2002) Collateral damage: the health and environmental costs of war on Iraq, , http://www.medact.org/article_health.php?articleID=620.2013, [Accessed 07 June 2018]; Newton-Small, J., (2012) Destination Kurdistan: Is This Autonomous Iraqi Region a Budding Tourist Hot Spot?, , http://world.time.com/2012/12/31/destinationkurdistan-is-this-autonomous-iraqi-region-a-budding-tourist-hotspot/, TIME [Accessed on 22 August 2018]; "Iraq-UNESCO World Heritage Centre", , Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2015-11-18; (2013) UNHCR country operations profile-Iraq, , Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; www.citypopulation.de, "Iraq: Governorates, Cities, Towns, Municipal Districts-Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"},
correspondence_address1={Alabdali, R.M.; Department of Geography, Iraq; email: rmalab8@gmail.com},
publisher={Africa Journals},
issn={2223814X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. J. Hosp. Tour. Leis.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kregel20188,
author={Kregel, J.},
title={Minsky and international development finance [ТЕОРИЯ Мински: международное финансирование развивающихся стран]},
journal={Ekonomicheskaya Politika},
year={2018},
volume={13},
number={4},
pages={8-19},
doi={10.18288/1994-5124-2018-4-01},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052482820&doi=10.18288%2f1994-5124-2018-4-01&partnerID=40&md5=990aed5e1295e1a529a1620c7f0026cb},
affiliation={Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 30, Campus Rd., Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY  12504-5000, United States},
abstract={The paper discusses the application of Hyman Minsky's financial instability theory to open economy issues. It is claimed that the financially fragile nature of the presentday capitalist economy retains its key features regardless of how intense the country's interactions with the foreign sector are. The Minskian approach, as opposed to standard neoclassical development economics, provides the negation of external financing in developing countries by pointing out that it is, in essence, a Ponzi financing scheme. This result was confirmed by Evsey Domar in discussion of US policy in the post-war period. In fact, Domar's solution to produce stability of the external debt to GDP ratio represents conditions for a successful Ponzi scheme. Shortcomings of the traditional development theory are also stressed. In this approach, constraints on developing countries are identified as deficient domestic savings, scarcity of domestic resources and inadequate capacity to produce capital goods. Proposed measures to overcome these constraints and to increase domestic savings, external financing via bilateral grants and concessional lending through international institutions are criticized. In the global economy, Keynes's long-standing recommendation to use capital controls to limit foreign borrowing needs to be reappraised. Economic development in that case should be financed using domestic financial institutions and stimulating employment in domestic manufacturing and export-oriented sectors. © 2018 Editorial Board of the Journal Economic Policy.
В статье обсуждается потенциал использования теории финансовой нестабильности Мински в условиях открытой экономики. Показано, что финансово хрупкая природа современной рыночной экономики сохраняет свои ключевые черты в зависимости от степени интенсивности взаимодействия страны с внешним миром. Подход Мински в отличие от стандартной неоклассической теории экономики развития отрицает использование внешнего финансирования в развивающихся странах и трактует его как финансирование по схеме Понци. Этот результат подтверждается также в работе Домара, ключевой вывод которого о необходимости обеспечения стабильной доли внешнего долга в ВВП полностью совпадает с условиями успешной схемы Понци. Особое внимание уделяется недостаткам традиционного подхода к проблемам развития, предполагающего компенсацию нехватки внутренних сбережений внешним финансированием в форме двусторонних субсидий и льготных займов в рамках официальной помощи со стороны международных институтов. В статье обосновывается положение о том, что в глобальной экономике важную роль может играть давняя рекомендация Кейнса об ограничении иностранных заимствований посредством контроля над капитальными потоками. В рамках посткейнсианской парадигмы драйвером экономического развития служат не внешние инвестиции, а внутренний спрос. Макроэкономическая политика в открытой экономике при таком подходе должна ориентироваться не на количественные показатели темпов роста, а на обеспечение занятости. Финансирование развития в этом случае должно осуществляться через всестороннее использование национальных финансовых институтов и стимулирование занятости во внутренних обрабатывающих и экспортно ориентированных отраслях.},
author_keywords={Development economics;  Financial crises;  Financial instability;  Hyman Minsky;  Open economy macroeconomics;  Открытая экономика;  Финансовая нестабильность;  Финансовые кризисы;  Хайман Мински;  Экономика развития},
references={Minsky, H., (2017) Stabiliziruya nestabil'nuyu ekonomiku [Stabilizing an Unstable Economy], , Moscow, St. Petersburg, Izd-vo Instituta Gaydara, Fakul'tet svobodnykh iskusstv i nauk SPbGU; Domar, E., The Effect of Foreign Investment on the Balance of Payments (1950) American Economic Review, 40 (5), pp. 805-826; Fisher, I., (1930), The Stock Market Crash-and After. N. Y., Macmillan Company; Kregel, J., Emerging Markets and the International Financial Architecture: A Blueprint for Reform (2015) Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 35 (2), pp. 285-305; Kregel, J., Rethinking Debt Sustainability in the Context of the Millennium Development Goals (2006) Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, 59 (242), pp. 225-248; Kregel, J., The Effective Demand Approach to Economic Development (2016) Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Development, pp. 504-518. , Reinert E., Ghosh J., Kattel R. (eds.). Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elgar Publishing; Minsky, H.P., Global Consequences of Financial Deregulation (1986) Wallenberg Forum on Financial Fragility and Global Growth, (96). , Working Paper, September; Minsky, H.P., (1983) Monetary Policies and the International Financial Environment, , Hyman P. Minsky Archive, Paper no. 377, May; Schumpeter, J., (1961) The Theory of Economic Development, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Viner, J., International Finance in the Postwar World (1947) Journal of Political Economy, 55 (2), pp. 97-107},
correspondence_address1={Kregel, J.; Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 30, Campus Rd., Blithewood, United States; email: kregel@levy.org},
publisher={Editorial Board of the Journal Economic Policy},
issn={19945124},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Ekonomicheskaya Politika},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor201887,
title={Part two: Ecology and the structure of the international system},
journal={Green Planet Blues: Critical Perspectives on Global Environmental Politics},
year={2018},
pages={87-95},
doi={10.4324/9780429493744},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050755199&doi=10.4324%2f9780429493744&partnerID=40&md5=f698f2b39bc96ea24be9cdeec2e93075},
abstract={ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ARE THE RESULT OF A COMPLEX ARRAY OF SOCIAL FORCES, including technology, political and economic institutions, social structures, and people’s values. In Part Two of this book, we are particularly interested in the subset of causes that can be attributed to the structure of the international system. Scholars in international relations sometimes use the term structure to refer to the international distribution of power among states. For example, during the Cold War that followed World War II, the structure of the system was oft en said to be bipolar, in the sense that the United States and the Soviet Union wielded the most power in international affairs. Here, however, we use the term structure more generally, to refer to the relatively stable, unchanging characteristics of world politics such as the political division of the world into sovereign states, the capitalist and increasingly tightly coupled global economy, and the modern communications order.1 These relatively permanent features of the world system give shape and definition to the interactions among governments, international organizations, multinational corporations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), citizenactivists, and other agents of world politics. © 2015 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
references={Conca, K., Environmental Change and the Deep Structure of World Politics (1993) The State and Social Power in Global Environmental Politics, , Ronnie D. Lipschutz and Ken Conca, eds., New York: Columbia University Press; (1987) Our Common Future, p. 27. , New York: Oxford University Press; Tolba, M.K., El-Kholy, O.A., El-Hinnawi, E., Holdgate, M.W., McMichael, D.F., Munn, R.E., (1992) The World Environment, 1972-1992: Two Decades of Challenge, p. 808. , London: Chapman & Hall; (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, , United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, UN Doc. A/CONF.151/5/Rev. 1; MacNeill, J., Winsemius, P., Yakushiji, T., (1991) Beyond Interdependence, p. 58. , New York: Oxford University Press; Conca, K., Consumption and Environment in a Global Economy (2001) Global Environmental Politics, 1 (3), pp. 53-71. , Summer; Said, E., (1993) Culture and Imperialism, , New York: Random House; Arrighi, G., Hopkins, T.K., Wallerstein, I., (1989) Antisystemic Movements, , London: Verso; Wapner, P., Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics (1995) World Politics, 47, pp. 311-340. , April; Keck, M., Sikkink, K., (1998) Activist Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Khagram, S., Riker, J.V., Sikkink, K., (2002) Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Lipschutz, R.D., Mayer, J., (1996) Global Civil Society and Global Environmental Governance: The Politics of Nature from Place to Planet, p. 2. , Albany: SUNY Press},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429962295; 9780813349527},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Green Planet Blues: Critical Perspectives on Global Environmental Politics},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ashley20181,
author={Ashley, D.},
title={History without a subject: The postmodern condition},
journal={History without a Subject: The Postmodern Condition},
year={2018},
pages={1-278},
doi={10.4324/9780429500015},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050515700&doi=10.4324%2f9780429500015&partnerID=40&md5=c459cc14ad1d31d74b0e727ddde6bc79},
affiliation={University of Wyoming, United States},
abstract={History Without a Subject presents a broad-ranging discussion of the topic of postmodernity. Beginning with an analysis of how changes in the global economy are affecting the lives of ordinary Americans, this book suggests that the postmodern condition in this country can be likened to the balkanization of culture and society and the “Brazilianization” of politics and the economy. Arguing that global trends are now more determining than nationally based institutions and organizations, David Ashley traces connections between the postmodern condition and the following developments: the American obsession with consumerism and debt; the loss of security and confidence in the work place; the “culture wars”; the declining quality of education; the loss of “public” intellectuals and debate about public interests; the bipartisan acceptance of many New Right policies; and the resurgence of ethnic and racial mistrust and division. Postmodernization is associated by Ashley with the removal of barriers that previously afforded Americans a certain autonomy from the rest of the world. As a result, not only are jobs now taken from the first world to the third world but also, and increasingly, thirdworld conditions are produced in the heart of first-world nations such as the United States. History Without a Subject argues that these globalizing processes have yet to be understood by the people whose lives they are transforming-thus the title of the book. © 1997 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Ashley, D.; University of WyomingUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429968563; 9780813327328},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={History without a Subject: The Postmod. Condition},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Shadle20181,
author={Shadle, M.A.},
title={Interrupting capitalism: Catholic social thought and the economy},
journal={Interrupting Capitalism: Catholic Social Thought and the Economy},
year={2018},
pages={1-380},
doi={10.1093/oso/9780190660130.001.0001},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050445922&doi=10.1093%2foso%2f9780190660130.001.0001&partnerID=40&md5=30b6bf2ae4c038ff1db85f012c831648},
affiliation={Marymount University, United States},
abstract={Interrupting Capitalism: Catholic Social Thought and the Economy traces the history of Catholic thinking about economic life from the Second World War to the present, from the perspective of a “theology of interruption.” God interrupts history through the Incarnation and the continued mission of the church, but in an increasingly pluralist society, Christians must learn to see God’s presence in the religious other and in the poor and vulnerable, as well. Faithful to God’s call, the church’s social teaching provides a way for Christians to interrupt capitalism, to live out economic life faithfully in the midst of the global economy. The book traces official Catholic social teaching on the economy from the Second Vatican Council to Pope Francis, but also looks at four important voices in recent Catholic theological reflection on economic life: liberation theology, progressive Catholicism, neoconservative Catholicism, and communitarianism. Of the four, the communitarian perspective appeals to those aspects of the church’s social tradition that are most vital to living out the Christian vocation in contemporary American economic life. The book also turns to critical realism and institutional economics-two perspectives from the social sciences that can help the Catholic social tradition understand the global economy, including the relationship between local practices and broader social structures and institutions. © Oxford University Press 2018. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Capitalism;  Catholic social teaching;  Catholic social thought;  Communitarianism;  Critical realism;  Economy;  Institutional economics;  Interruption},
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correspondence_address1={Shadle, M.A.; Marymount UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780190660130},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Interrupting Capitalism: Catholic Soc. Thought and the Economy},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kennett2018115,
author={Kennett, D.A.},
title={Challenges to the global economy: Can the state fix them?},
journal={The New Dynamics of Multilateralism: Diplomacy, International Organizations, and Global Governance},
year={2018},
pages={115-128},
doi={10.4324/9780429496196},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049951225&doi=10.4324%2f9780429496196&partnerID=40&md5=636984eba52c525aa8a76a90a1bc7d48},
abstract={The post-World War II era, especially the last three decades, has seen a remarkable increase in the level of international economic activity, albeit from the low levels created by the dramatic contraction in trade and other international economic transactions during the Great Depression years of the 1930s. International flows of goods, services, capital, and labor have all increased substantially during this period. A surge in activity followed the advent of reform in China and its subsequent emergence as a leading exporter onto the world stage. In that country alone exports went from less than 5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1979 to more than 35 percent in 2006 (Bramall 2008) and roughly 40 percent today. Similarly, the breakdown of the systems of central planning in the Soviet Bloc gave a push to trade. © 2011 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
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publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429964749; 9780813344812},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The New Dynamics of Multilateralism: Dipl., International Organizations, and Global Gov.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Toska201843,
author={Toska, A. and Saridi, M.},
title={Emerging infectious diseases and the dynamic comeback of the old enemies},
journal={The Impact and Implications of Crisis: A Comprehensive Approach Combining Elements of Health and Society},
year={2018},
pages={43-70},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048924842&partnerID=40&md5=75939c3941457b89c7c0d87612a0bc24},
affiliation={Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece; General Hospital of Korinthos, Greece},
abstract={Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are classified as infectious diseases for which the incidence has increased in the past 20 years. To date, EIDs account for at least 12% of all human pathogens. In the previous century, the heavy public health burden of infectious diseases had faded in the developed world due to improvements in public health measures and an increased quality of life, as well as through the use of antibiotics, vaccinations, insecticides, and the improved surveillance. However, by the late twentieth century, an increase in the incidence of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases was observed in many parts of the world. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, and their determinants, have led to increasing global concern with regards to public health. Indeed, over the past decades, approximately 30 EIDs, including Legionnaires disease, human immunodeficiency virus, several viral hemorrhagic fevers, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and avian influenza, have been identified, posing a significant burden on global economies and public health. The common and interactive codeterminants of disease emergence are population growth, travel, trade, migration, and the social disruption of war and conflict, as well as human-induced global changes, including widespread forest clearance and climate change. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
author_keywords={Causes;  Emerge;  Factors;  Infectious diseases;  Influencing;  Re-emerge},
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correspondence_address1={Toska, A.; Faculty of Social Sciences, Greece; email: ktoska07@yahoo.gr},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781536131918; 9781536131901},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Impact and Implic. of Crisis: A Compr. Approach Comb. Elem. of Health and Soc.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2018987,
title={Production and technology of iron and steel in Japan during 2017},
journal={ISIJ International},
year={2018},
volume={58},
number={6},
pages={987-998},
doi={10.2355/isijinternational.58.987},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048807576&doi=10.2355%2fisijinternational.58.987&partnerID=40&md5=1bc166b989bf23b0163d61ac3b71b9c1},
abstract={In Japan, 2017 was a year of favorable economic conditions supported by the firm tone in the global economy, as corporate profits turning toward improvement, and there was also a recovering trend in capital investment. During the year, the economy marked the 2nd longest period of economic recovery in the period after the Second World War, surpassing the Izanagi Boom of 1965–1970. As a result, the real GDP growth rate in fiscal year 2017 is forecast to be around 1.9%, with nominal GDP growth of approximately 2.0%. According to announcements by the three iron ore majors (Vale, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton), a tone of increasing production also continued in 2017, and production was at historically high levels at all three companies. Activities in the civil engineering sector in FY 2017 continued to increase from the previous year against the backdrop of the carry-over of the large-scale supplementary budget in public civil works, and urban redevelopment looking ahead to the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in private sector civil works. Among the trends in electrical machinery during FY 2017, as a result of the strong tone of the domestic business climate, motor-related demand was firm, and external demand mainly for China also increased.},
keywords={Budget control;  Economics;  Investments;  Iron ores;  Machinery;  Military operations, Capital investment;  Corporate profits;  Economic condition;  Economic recovery;  Engineering sectors;  Global economies;  Increasing production;  Urban redevelopment, Growth rate},
funding_details={Innovative Structural Materials AssociationInnovative Structural Materials Association, FY 2014–2018, FY 2014–2022, SM4I},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry},
funding_text 1={Metallic Structural Materials” (FY 2010–2019, managing organization: Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)), ii) METI: “Environmentally Harmonized Steelmaking Process Technology Development (COURSE50) STEP2” (FY 2013–2017, managing organization: NEDO), iii) METI: Research and Development of Innovative Structural Materials” (FY 2014–2022, managing organization: NEDO), iv) Cabinet Office, Japan: “Structural Materials for Innovation (SM4I)” of “Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP)” (FY 2014–2018, managing organization: JST), v) “Project for Super-Rapid Development Infrastructure Technologies for Super-Advanced Materials” (FY},
funding_text 2={as “Environmentally” Harmonized Steelmaking Process Technology Development/Development of Iron-making Process Technology Using Ferrocoke” project with support by Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The aims of this project are to develop a ferrocoke production technology that greatly reduces CO2 emissions when ferrocoke is used in the blast furnace and strengthens resource flexibility by energy saving and use of low quality coal and iron ore, and to establish a technology that realizes a 10% reduction in energy consumption in the iron-making process by around 2022 through the demonstration research at this facility.22)},
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publisher={Iron and Steel Institute of Japan},
issn={09151559},
coden={IINTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ISIJ Int},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Diallo20181,
author={Diallo, M.F. and Kaswengi, J.},
title={In times of crisis: Perspectives and challenges of the 21st century},
journal={In Times of Crisis: Perspectives and Challenges of the 21st Century},
year={2018},
pages={1-170},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048451608&partnerID=40&md5=2f4228cb8a8b097df9236ab5ddea845c},
affiliation={Lille 2 University of Health and Law, Lille, France},
abstract={Due to various evolving factors, doing business is a delicate task in turbulent times. Crisis counts among the most debated notions not only in economics, but also in management. Researchers’ interest in this field has therefore increased significantly over the last decade. The financial crisis that has hit the global economy since the summer of 2007 is considered unprecedented in post-war economic history. However, according to the European Commission, several features are similar to various financial-stress driven recession episodes that occurred in the past (e.g., long periods of rapid credit growth, low risk premiums, abundant availability of liquidity, strong leveraging, soaring asset prices, etc.). The consequences of the financial crisis are now well-known. They relate to three different channels: the connections within the financial system itself, wealth and confidence effects on demand and global trade. To address the effects of the crisis, policymakers deploy different mechanisms: appropriate regulation and supervision of financial markets (e.g., through fiscal policies), control and mitigation (e.g., monetary easing), and crisis resolution (e.g., product and labor market policies). Companies rely on different strategies to cope with crisis situations (e.g., personnel reduction, cost reduction, outsourcing, further pressure on employees, etc.). Finally, customers use different techniques to deal with an economic crisis (e.g., buying cheaper products or brands, buying second hand products, developing collaborative consumption, etc.). Nevertheless, there is a need for a better understanding of recent developments on the crisis subject, but also to cross examine the issue in different disciplines or fields (e.g., political science, sociology, demography, technology, ethics, etc.). Furthermore, there is a lack of outlines for implications and directions for future research. The present book concentrates on crises across distinct disciplines. It gathers a collective work on crisis situations in different domains and various contexts. The book includes works with qualitative and quantitative approaches, case studies, and empirical and conceptual perspectives. The themes developed throughout the book serve various management approaches: marketing, consumer behavior, strategy, organizational management, human resource management, public management, logistics, information systems, finance, etc. The main focuses are detailed as follows: First, a key question addressed in this book aims to understand how political instability and war affect savers’ behaviors in micro-funding structures in developing countries. Second, this book shows how microcredit and social business constitute prospective new sources for consumption in times of crisis. Third, the industrial sector is central in this book because it is often strongly impacted by crisis. Fourth, some economies and firms are more affected than others by crisis. Thus, Greece and SMEs are drastic fields of investigation that are treated in this book. Finally, particular brands such as private labels (store brands) become more attractive in times of crisis and are therefore one additional focus of this book. © 2018 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781536135138; 9781536135121},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={In Times of Crisis: Perspectives and Challenges of the 21st Century},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{O’Manique20181,
author={O’Manique, C. and Fourie, P.},
title={Global health and security: Critical feminist perspectives},
journal={Global Health and Security: Critical Feminist Perspectives},
year={2018},
pages={1-224},
doi={10.4324/9781315559568},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047524559&doi=10.4324%2f9781315559568&partnerID=40&md5=bfcfc1713e01d13e8116f326b1c260b7},
affiliation={Trent University, Canada; Stellenbosch University, South Africa},
abstract={The past decade has witnessed a significant increase in the construction of health as a security issue by national governments and multilateral organizations. This book provides the first critical, feminist analysis of the flesh-and-blood impacts of the securitization of health on different bodies, while broadening the scope of what we understand as global health security. It looks at how feminist perspectives on health and security can lead to different questions about health and in/security, problematizing some of the ‘common sense’ assumptions that underlie much of the discourse in this area. It considers the norms, ideologies, and vested interests that frame specific ‘threats’ to health and policy responses, while exposing how the current governance of the global economy shapes new threats to health. Some chapters focus on conflict, war and complex emergencies, while others move from a ‘high political’ focus to the domain of subtler and often insidious structural violence, illuminating the impacts of hegemonic masculinities and the neoliberal governance of the global economy on health and life chances. Highlighting the critical intersections across health, gender and security, this book is an important contribution to scholarship on health and security, global health, public health and gender studies. © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Colleen O’Manique and Pieter Fourie; individual chapters, the contributors.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317195580; 9781138677364},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Health and Security: Critical Feminist Perspectives},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Marshall20181,
author={Marshall, B.K.},
title={Learning to be modern: Japanese political discourse on education},
journal={Learning to be Modern: Japanese Political Discourse on Education},
year={2018},
pages={1-320},
doi={10.4324/9780429499272},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047041861&doi=10.4324%2f9780429499272&partnerID=40&md5=0a1526c56bdb1c451b3ce86cd3ac9b05},
affiliation={University of Minnesota, United States},
abstract={In the increasingly global economy, commentators often cite education as a key source of competitive advantage for nations locked in economic contention on the world stage. Byron Marshall examines the evolution of Japanese schools over the past 120 years. Emphasizing the political discourse and conflict that have surrounded Japanese education, the author focuses on the three main issues of central versus local control, elitism versus equality, and nationalism versus universalism. The prewar education system in Japan was formulated in the 1870s and modeled after the Western system of public education. After World War II, the American Occupation authorities attempted to reform this system further, but how much discontinuity with the past was produced by the postwar reforms is still an open question.Of course, the dilemmas facing Japanese schools are endemic to all modern school systems, and Marshall’s broad historical survey provides a valuable case study of Japanese attempts to strike a balance between equality and excellence, individual creativity and team cooperation, standardization and innovation, and internationalism and cultural identity. The book thus provides a valuable historical perspective on contemporary American issues of “political correctness” such as gender and ethnicity.As we head toward the “Pacific Century,” this book gives readers the background and insight necessary to make informed judgments about the relative strength of Japanese education and the merits of various school reforms. © 1994 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Marshall, B.K.; University of MinnesotaUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429967825; 9780813318929},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Learning to be Modern: Japanese Political Discourse on Education},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Moon20181,
author={Moon, B.E.},
title={Dilemmas of international trade, second edition},
journal={Dilemmas of International Trade, Second Edition},
year={2018},
pages={1-272},
doi={10.4324/9780429495304},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047041458&doi=10.4324%2f9780429495304&partnerID=40&md5=89cdfecfecf13d2246528094ecdb0f5c},
affiliation={Lehigh University, United States},
abstract={In the post-Cold War world, trade is the new arena for competition-between nations, between groups, between ethical and theoretical ideas. In this revised and updated second edition of Dilemmas of International Trade political economist Bruce Moon puts contemporary trade events-NAFTA, United States-Japan controversies, the Uruguay Round of GATT, China’s Most Favored Nation status, the founding of the World Trade Organization-into historical and theoretical perspective with the British Corn Laws, the Great Depression, the Bretton Woods system, and the origins of the European Union. Economic theory, terms, and concepts are clearly explained and contextualized with those from international relations.Throughout the book, three central dilemmas are examined: the unequal distribution of income and wealth created by international trade, the tradeoff among competing values that trade requires, and the difficult interrelationship between economic and foreign policy goals within and among trading nations. Though internationally framed, each dilemma has ramifications at a variety of levels all the way down to the individual’s role in the global economy-as a consumer, as a citizen, and ultimately as a moral agent. © 2000 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
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Michael Finger and Andrzej Olechowski, eds, Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Turner, Japan’s Dynamic Efficiency, p. 68; (1993) Major Findings and Policy Recommendations on U.S.-Japan Trade Policy, , Washington, D.C; Hollerman, L., (1988) Japan, Disincorporated: The Economic Liberalization Process, , Stanford: Hoover Institution Press; Devinney, T.M., Hightower, W.C., (1991) European Markets After 1992, p. 21. , Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books; (1992) Everything You Wanted to Know About Europe Without Frontiers, 6, p. 117. , Brussels: CEC, January; Thatcher, M., (1988) Britain and Europe, , Speech delivered to the College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium, Sept. 20; Cavanagh, J., Gershman, J., Baker, K., Helmke, G., (1992) Trading Freedom: How Free Trade Affects Our Lives, Work, and Environment, p. 35. , San Francisco: Institute for Food and Development Policy; Wonnecott, P., (1967) The United States and Canada: The Quest for Free Trade, p. 3. , Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics; Salutin, R., Keep Canadian Culture off the Table-Who’s Kidding Who? (1987) If You Love This Country, pp. 205-206. , Laurier LaPierre, ed, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart; Stamford, J., Continental Economic Integration: Modeling the Impact on Labor (1993) Free Trade in the Western Hemisphere, special volume of Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pp. 92-110. , Sidney Weintraub, ed, March; Campbell, B., Jackson, A., Larudess, M., Haces, T.G., (1999) Labour Market Effects under CUFTA/NAFTA, p. 8. , (Geneva: International Labour Office; Campbell, B., Jackson, A., Larudess, M., Haces, T.G., (1999) Labour Market Effects under CUFTA/NAFTA, p. 9. , (Geneva: International Labour Office; Campbell, B., Jackson, A., Larudess, M., Haces, T.G., (1999) Labour Market Effects under CUFTA/NAFTA, p. 118. , (Geneva: International Labour Office; (1998) Annual Report 1998, pp. 33-34. , Geneva: World Trade Organization; Gereffi, G., Commodity Chains and Regional Division of Labor in East Asia (1996) Journal of Asian Business, 12 (1), pp. 75-112; (1999) World Investment Report 1998, p. 5. , Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; (1999) World Development Indicators 1999, pp. 12-15. , Washington, D.C.: World Bank; Yeats, A., (1998) Just How Big Is Global Production Sharing?, , World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1871 (Washington, D.C.: January; Rapley, J., (1996) Understanding Development: Theory and Practice in the Third World, , Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; (1999) World Investment Report 1998, p. 1. , Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; (1998) Annual Report 1998, pp. 32-33. , Geneva: World Trade Organization; Paul, I., Grunberg, I., (1996) The Tobin Tax: Coping with Financial Volatility, pp. 2-4. , New York: Oxford University Press; (1999) Human Development Report 1999, p. 3. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Human Development Report 1998, , http://www.undp.org/hdro/e98over.htm; (1999) Human Development Report, p. 31; Baer, W., Myles, W.R., Moran, A.B., The End of the Asian Myth: Why Were the Experts Fooled? (1999) World Development, 27 (10), pp. 1735-1747. , October; Bank, W., (1993) The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy, , New York: Oxford University Press; Amsden, A., (1989) Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, , New York: Oxford University Press; Krugman, P., The Myth of Asia’s Miracle (1994) Foreign Affairs, pp. 62-78. , November/December; Chang, H.-J., Globalization, Transnational Corporations, and Economic Development: Can the Developing Countries Pursue Strategic Industrial Policy in a Globalizing World Economy? Globalization and Progressive Economic Policy, p. 102. , Baker, et al; Corsetti, G., Pesenti, P., Roubini, N., What Caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? (1999) Japan and the World Economy, 11 (3), p. 353. , October; (1999) Thailand Social Monitor, , http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/eacrisis/library/socialnotel.pdf, World Bank, January; Corsetti, What Caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis?, pp. 305-373; Gereffi, G., Commodity Chains and Regional Division of Labor in East Asia (1996) Journal of Asian Business, 12 (1), pp. 92-93; Chinn, M., (1999) Measuring Misalignment: Purchasing Power Parity and East Asian Currencies in the 1990s, , International Monetary Fund Working Paper 99/120 (Washington, D.C., September; Jomo, K.S., (1998) Tigers in Trouble, p. 6. , Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press; Wade, R.W., The Asian Debt-and-Development Crisis of 1997-?: Causes and Consequences (1998) World Development, 26 (8), p. 1541; (1999) Human Development Report, p. 40; Young-Sup, K., Korea’s Economic Crisis Leading to Collapse of Middle-Income Class (1999) Korea Herald, , June 15; (1999) Human Development Report, pp. 41-42; Sachs, J., IMF Is a Power unto Itself (1997) Financial Times, , December 11; Sachs, J., The IMF and the Asian Flu (1998) The American Prospect, p. 17. , March-April; Sachs, J., IMF Is a Power unto Itself (1997) Financial Times, , December 11; Wade, The Asian Debt-and-Development Crisis of 1997-? (1998) World Development, 26 (8), pp. 1535-1553; Corsetti, What Caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis?, pp. 305-373; (1999) Human Development Report, p. 40; (1999) The Left Business Observer., , http://www.panix.com/-dhenwood/USForDebt.html, September 27; Wade, R.W., The Asian Debt-and-Development Crisis of 1997-?: Causes and Consequences (1998) World Development, 26 (8), p. 1550; What Sank Asia? Money Sloshing Around the World (1998) Business Week, , July 27; Ridding, J., Kynge, J., Complacency Gives Way to Contagion,” from “Special Report: Asia in Crisis (1998) Financial Times, p. 6. , January 13; Max Corden, W., (1974) Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, p. 107. , Oxford: Clarendon Press},
correspondence_address1={Moon, B.E.; Lehigh UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429963858; 9780813367682},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dilemmas of International Trade, Second Edition},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ries201889,
author={Ries, C.P.},
title={Capital controls and corporate investment behavior},
journal={Capital Controls in Emerging Economies},
year={2018},
pages={89-110},
doi={10.4324/9780429501876},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047031785&doi=10.4324%2f9780429501876&partnerID=40&md5=6d87a78a27bfce68307abc3c62b5518d},
affiliation={Georgia Institute of Technology, United States},
abstract={In Chapter 2 of this book, Manuel Guitián reviews the role of controls on capital flows in the postwar development of the global economy. In essence, he suggests that government attempts to restrict capital flows, either by restricting rates of return or erecting barriers to the flow of capital, fall within the “international financial code of conduct” established after World War II. Such financial code of conduct norms were established at Bretton Woods in response to the central challenge of the time-“to insure the integration of war-ridden and restricted economies into an orderly international economic system.” 1 On the surface, the challenge of providing for an orderly integration of the economies of formerly communist countries into the global economic system may seem similar in character to that of the postwar problem. © 1997 Taylor and Francis.},
references={Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., (1991) Principles of Corporate Finance, , 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc; Bower, D.H., Bower, R.S., Logue, D.E., A Primer on Arbitrage Pricing Theory (1987) The Revolution in Corporate Finance, pp. 69-77. , Joel M. Stem and Donald H. Chew, Jr., eds., New York: Basil Blackwell; Fruhan, W.E., Diversification, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, and the Cost of Equity Capital (1992) Case Problems in Finance, pp. 407-420. , 10th ed, Boston: Irwin; Guitián, M., Reality and the Logic of Capital Flow Liberalization (1996) Capital Controls in Emerging Economics, pp. 17-32. , Christine Ries and Richard Sweeney, eds., Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Higgins, R.C., (1995) Analysis for Financial Management, , 4th ed. Boston: Irwin; Lessard, D.R., World, Country and Industry Relationship in Equity Retums: Implications for Risk Reduction Through International Diversification (1976) Financial Analysts Journal, pp. 32-38. , January-February; Lewis, B., The Wealth of a Nation (1996) Wall Street Journal, p. 12. , June 7, Sec. A; (1996) Capital Productivity, , Washington D.C., June; Oison, M., Big Bills Left on the Sidewalk: Why Some Nations Are Rich, and Others Are Poor (1996) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10 (2), pp. 3-24; Ross, S.A., The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing (1976) Journal of Economic Theory, 13, pp. 31-60; Shapiro, A.C., (1991) Foundations of Multinational Financial Management, pp. 408-441. , Chapter 16, pp. 365-80 and Chapter 18, Boston: Allyn and Bacon; Solnick, B., Why Not Diversify Internationally Rather Than Domestically? (1974) Financial Analysts Journal, pp. 48-54. , July-August; Solnick, B., (1988) International Investments, , Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley; Sowell, T., (1996) Migration and Cultures: A World View, , New York: Basic Books; Sweeney, R.J., The Information Costs of Capital Controls (1997) Capital Controls in Emerging Economics, pp. 45-61. , Christine Ries and Richard Sweeney, eds., Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Weston, J.F., Chung, K.S., Hoag, S.E., (1990) Mergers, Restructuring and Corporate Control, pp. 132-163. , Chapter 6, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall},
correspondence_address1={Ries, C.P.; Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429970429; 9780813336558},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Capital Controls in emerg. Economies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wright20181,
author={Wright, S.},
title={African foreign policies},
journal={African Foreign Policies},
year={2018},
pages={1-260},
doi={10.4324/9780429502521},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047031309&doi=10.4324%2f9780429502521&partnerID=40&md5=f30d47f59489fbfcd36ddd429a43e29a},
affiliation={Northern Arizona University, United States},
abstract={This volume of thirteen original essays provides a timely analysis of African foreign policies in a postCold War environment where African marginalization from the global economy appears to be increasing. Four thematic essays give an overview of critical changes occurring in African foreign policies, and ten country-by-country case studies provide specific analyses of decision-making, intraregional relations, and the struggles over policy with external agencies, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. African Foreign Policies offers explanations for how African states are adapting to the international challenges of the late twentieth century. Providing a timely analysis of the foreign policies of African states, this volume of original essays enables the reader to assess the position of African states within an evolving postCold War environment and to judge the extent of African marginalization from the global economy. As national foreign policies are increasingly influenced by factors such as regional organizations, democratization, external agencies like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and the apparent weakening of state structures, there is need for fresh analysis of African foreign policies.The thirteen essays in this book, written by African, European, and North American scholars, provide comprehensive assessments of these issues in both analytical and prescriptive fashion. Three essays are thematic, considering broad areas of policy and change at the regional and continental levels; the other ten essays provide country-by-country case studies, drawing from a broad cross-section of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Each essay analyzes factors such as decisionmaking, intraregional policies, and foreign policies toward non-African agents, including international financial institutions, and considers distinctions between formal and actual policies. As a whole, the volume seeks to explain how African countries foreign policies are adapting to new internal and international challenges in the fluid environment of the late twentieth century. © 1999 Taylor and Francis.},
correspondence_address1={Wright, S.; Northern Arizona UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429971075; 9780813324067},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={African Foreign Policies},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Saks2018177,
author={Saks, M.},
title={The medical profession, enterprise and the public interest},
journal={Professions and Professional Service Firms: Private and Public Sector Enterprises in the Global Economy},
year={2018},
pages={177-193},
doi={10.4324/9781315560311},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046931440&doi=10.4324%2f9781315560311&partnerID=40&md5=636a62ddd6f11199ea08d0d55aeb5fb2},
affiliation={University of Suffolk, United Kingdom},
abstract={In this chapter, the role of the medical profession is analysed in the enterprise context in which doctors work in the public and private sector - with a particular focus on the United States and Britain, albeit with brief wider international referents in the modern world. The reason for the choice of countries is that the United States and Britain, while representing species of liberal democracies in the global economy, have different political philosophies - spanning from the more privatised, relatively free market principles of the United States, which gives greater emphasis to individual liberty, to the more mixed economy in Britain, with stronger but by no means overriding state welfare principles (Saks 2015c). Both countries nonetheless in different ways have provided enterprise environments. From a neo-Weberian perspective, this chapter considers at a macro level the prevalence of altruistic professional values in medicine in each of these societies, such that the self-interests of professional groups are subordinated to the wider public interest. In this respect, it asks whether professional claims to serve collective interests are simply an ideological smokescreen to mask group self-interests in enhancing income, status and power. In so doing, it employs an interlinked neo-institutionalist approach to explore broader entrepreneurial forces that have shaped the activities of the medical profession in the wider health care division of labour in the Anglo-American context and beyond. This discussion, as will be seen, takes place in the context of the fast-changing health systems on both sides of the Atlantic - where seismic shifts in the structural frame of reference for health care have taken place, not least since the Second World War (Klein 2013; Scott et al. 2000). However, initially the theoretical framework underpinning this discussion will be elucidated. © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Mike Saks and Daniel Muzio; individual chapters, the contributors.},
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(ed.), Abingdon: Routledge; Ramsden, E., Science and medicine in the United States of America (2013) The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine, , Jackson, M. (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Roberts, J., Group, T., (2001) Nursing, Physician Control and the Medical Monopoly: Historical Perspectives on Gendered Inequality in Roles, Rights and Range of Practice, , Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; Rodwin, M., (2011) Conflicts of Interest and The Future of Medicine: The United States, France and Japan, , New York: Oxford University Press; Rosenthal, E., (2017) An American Sickness: How Healthcare Became Big Business and How You Can Take It Back, , New York: Penguin Press; Roszak, T., (1995) The Making of a Counter Culture, , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Roth, J., Professionalism: The Sociologists Decoy’ (1974) Work and Occupations, 1, pp. 6-23; Saks, M., Introduction (1992) Alternative Medicine in Britain, , Saks, M. (ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press; Saks, M., (1995) Professions and the Public Interest: Medical Power, Altruism and Alternative Medicine, , London: Routledge; Saks, M., Medicine and the counter culture (2000) Medicine in the Twentieth Century, , Cooter, R. and Pickstone, J, Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers; Saks, M., Empowerment, participation and the rise of orthodox biomedicine (2002) Empowerment, and Participation: Power, Influence and Control in Contemporary Health Care, , Byrt, R. and Dooher, J, Dinton: Quay Books; Saks, M., Analyzing the professions: The case for a neo-Weberian approach (2010) Comparative Sociology, 9 (6), pp. 887-915; Saks, M., Defining a profession: The role of knowledge and expertise (2012) Professions and Professionalism, 2, pp. 1-10; Saks, M., Health policy and complementary and alternative medicine (2015) The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance, , Kuhlmann, E., Blank, R., Bourgeault, I. and Wendt, C, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Saks, M., Power and professionalisation in CAM: A sociological approach (2015) The Routledge Handbook of Complementary Medicine in Social Science and Law, , Gale, N. and McHale, J, Abingdon: Routledge; Saks, M., (2015) Professions, State and the Market: Medicine in Britain, the United States and Russia, , Abingdon: Routledge; Saks, M., Professions and power (2016) The Routledge Companion on Professions and Professionalism, , Dent, M., Bourgeault, I., Dennis, J. and Kuhlmann, E, Abingdon: Routledge; Saks, M., Review of theories of professions, organizations and society: Neo-Weberianism, neo-institutionalism and eclecticism (2016) Journal of Professions and Organization, 3 (2), pp. 170-187; Saks, M., The regulation of the English health professions: Zoos, circuses or safari parks? 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correspondence_address1={Saks, M.; University of SuffolkUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317197898; 9781138675957},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Professions and Professional Service Firms: Private and Public Sector Enterprises in the Global Economy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ireson20181,
author={Ireson, C.J.},
title={Field, forest, and family: Women’s work and power in rural Laos},
journal={Field, Forest, and Family: Women's Work and Power in Rural Laos},
year={2018},
pages={1-286},
doi={10.4324/9780429500435},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046600849&doi=10.4324%2f9780429500435&partnerID=40&md5=d62ef88d2af270c87f4fed3bfd9e6bfd},
affiliation={Willamette University, United States},
abstract={After the Vietnam War, socialist governments ascended to power in all the countries of the former Indochina. In Laos, more than a decade of socialist reorganization was followed by economic liberalization in the late 1980s. Laotian women had traditionally sustained the household and local economy with their work in field, forest, and family, but political and economic changes markedly affected the context of rural women’s prevailing sources of power and subordination. Socialist policies, for example, curtailed women’s commercial activities while recognizing women’s work in agriculture and child care.In this richly detailed volume, Carol Ireson draws on ten years of fieldwork and research to explore this metamorphosis among Laotian women. Throughout, she poses questions such as: What has happened to women’s traditional sources of control over their own and others’ activities since the 1975 socialist revolution? Have their traditional sources of power or autonomy expanded or contracted as changing conditions have allowed other groups to appropriate women’s traditional resources and roles? Have the dramatic changes had different effects on rural women of differing ethnic backgrounds and varying economic means?Focusing on women from three major ethnic groups?the lowland Lao, the Khmu, and the Hmong?Ireson examines the different ways they have responded to political and economic changes. She shows us that the Laotian experience reveals in microcosm the processes of change toward specialization and integration of women’s work into national and global economies and explains how this shift deeply affects women’s lives. © 1996 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Ireson, C.J.; Willamette UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429968983; 9780813337302},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Field, Forest, and Family: Women's Work and Power in Rural Laos},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Katsiaficas201811,
author={Katsiaficas, G.},
title={Global Insurgencies since 1968},
journal={Perspectives on Global Development and Technology},
year={2018},
volume={17},
number={1-2},
pages={11-23},
doi={10.1163/15691497-12341463},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042670291&doi=10.1163%2f15691497-12341463&partnerID=40&md5=f011ea68416bbbb7d20647e37f54da3e},
abstract={In my view, the global movement's capacity for synchronous international coordination after 1968 has grown by leaps and bounds. Each wave builds upon its predecessors: from the disarmament movement of the early 1980s, to the wave of Asian uprisings from 1986-1992, Eastern European insurgencies, the alterglobalization wave from the Zapatistas to Seattle, and most recently in the concurrent Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street, Indignados, and Greek anarchists, history becomes increasingly endowed with direct action by self-conscious human beings. Our collective intelligence is becoming an ever-more powerful material force. Recent global waves have focused on transformation of the world economic system, not simply on opposing its weapons, wars, debt crises, and ecological devastation. Today there are more people consciously opposed to international capitalism than ever before in history, a potential for action that has yet to be fully realized. © 2018 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.},
author_keywords={insurgencies;  popular insurrections;  revolution;  social movements;  uprisings},
keywords={capitalism;  economic system;  global economy;  globalization;  social movement;  twentieth century, Asia;  Eastern Europe},
references={Albert, S., (1999) Interview, , December 3, Portland, Oregon; Arrighi, G., Hopkins, T.K., Wallerstein, I., 1989: The continuation of 1968 (2001) After the Fall: 1989 and the Future of Freedom, p. 35. , Edited by George Katsiaficas. New York: Routledge; Del Gandio, J., Thompson, A.K., (2017) Spontaneous Combustion: The Eros Effect and Global Revolution, , Albany: State University of New York Press; Harvey, D., (2013) Rebel Cities, p. 116. , London: Verso; Katsiaficas, G., (2011) Asia's Unknown Uprisings, , Oakland: PM Press; Laskey, M., The globalization of resistance (2004) Confronting Capitalism: Dispatches from A Global Movement, , Edited by Eddie Yuen, Daniel Burton-Rose, and George Katsiaficas. New York: Soft Skull Press; Marcuse, H., (1972) Counterrevolution and Revolt, pp. 53-55. , Boston: Beacon Press; Meschkat, K., (2010) Konfrontationen: Streitschriften und Analysen 1958 Bis 2010, p. 210. , Hannover: Offizen, (author's translation); Munoz, C., Jr., (1989) Youth, Identity, Power: The Chicano Movement, pp. 14-16. , London: Verso Books, 233; Sauermann, B., (2003) 2/15: The Day the World Said NO to War, , Oakland: AK Press; Shepherd, B., (2011) Play, Creativity, and Social Movements: If i Can't Dance, It's Not My Revolution, , New York: Routledge; (1982) The Guardian, p. 5. , April 28; (1982) The Guardian, p. 7. , November 10},
correspondence_address1={Katsiaficas, G.email: katsiaficas@gmail.com},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={15691500},
coden={PGDTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Perspect. Global Dev.Technol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Yardeni201891,
author={Yardeni, E.},
title={The economic consequences of the peace},
journal={Peace, Prosperity, and Politics},
year={2018},
pages={91-109},
doi={10.4324/9780429498435-5},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925743302&doi=10.4324%2f9780429498435-5&partnerID=40&md5=48a7cd4ce28214a328b07a8c2524befa},
affiliation={Deutsche Banc Alex, Brown, United States},
abstract={The end of the Cold War marked the beginning of a new era, not only for international political relations, but also for the global economy. The chapter shows that forces of deflation have not been defeated, and they are likely to prevail over the next few years. “Globalization�? and “restructuring�? have become part of the vocabulary of the new era. It suggests that the choice of Asians, Russians, Latins, and other peoples who have experienced recent reversals of fortune. The collapse of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the 50-Year Modern Day War-which includes World War II, the Cold War, and numerous regional wars from Korea to Vietnam to Central America to Southern Africa and several other hot spots around the world. The Internet certainly has the potential to produce bad deflation by cutting out the middle persons in every transaction. Japan’s leaders are once again promising to reform their political, economic, and financial systems. © 2000 Taylor & Francis.},
references={http://www.yardeni.com/topical.html; (1996) The Undefeated Forces of Deflation, , Oct. 28; (1997) One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Chernow, R., (1998) Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., p. 150. , New York: Random House; WuDunn, S., Japan Corruption Investigation Fizzles (1998) International Herald Tribune, , Aug. 15-16; Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions: Text of the Convention, , http://www.oecd.org/daf/cmis/bribery/20novle.htm},
correspondence_address1={Yardeni, E.; Deutsche Banc AlexUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780429966989; 9780813364537},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Peace, Prosperity, and Politics},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mark2017600,
author={Mark, J.},
title={'The Spanish Analogy': Imagining the Future in State Socialist Hungary, 1948-1989},
journal={Contemporary European History},
year={2017},
volume={26},
number={4},
pages={600-620},
doi={10.1017/S0960777317000340},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85038108010&doi=10.1017%2fS0960777317000340&partnerID=40&md5=850a1e12b5decd6e87d27592ee1926c7},
affiliation={Department of History, Amory Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom},
abstract={For four decades Spain played an important role in debates over the future of politics, culture and economy in state socialist Hungary, particularly for the left: first as the fascist and underdeveloped 'other' against which the state socialist regime legitimised itself, then as a similarly peripheral country that had managed to integrate into global economy, return culturally to Europe and peacefully establish democracy. Close relationships developed between the Spanish socialists and Hungarian communists in the 1980s and offered the latter the hope they would survive any political transition. This article demonstrates the importance of Eastern-Southern European connections - both concrete and imagined - in sustaining, and then overcoming, Europe's post-war divides. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017.},
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Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece from the 1950s to the Present Day, , Frankfurt: Campus Verlag; Okey, R., Central Europe/Eastern Europe: Behind the Definitions (1992) Past and Present, 137 (1), pp. 102-133; Todorova, M., (1997) Imagining the Balkans, , New York: Oxford University Press; Huntington, S., (1991) The ThirdWave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, , Norman: University of Oklahoma Press; Apor, P., (2014) Fabricating Authenticity in Soviet Hungary, p. 94. , London: Anthem Press, 132; McLellan, J., (2004) Antifascism and Memory in East Germany: Remembering the International Brigades, 1945-1989, , Oxford: Clarendon Press, Chapter 3; Eiroa, M., (2000) Las Relaciones de Franco Con Europa Centro-Oriental (1939-1955), p. 162. , Barcelona: Ariel; Anderle, Á., (2002) A Marosy-iratok. Magyar Királyi Követség Madridban 1948-1957, , Szeged: Hispánia; Faraldo, J.M., Azyl Ariberta Heima. Powojenna Hiszpania (2006) Tygodnik Powszechny, 39, p. 14. , 24 Sept; Faraldo, J.M., Defending the Nation in a New Fatherland. Polish Émigrés in Franco's Spain (1939- 1969) (2008) Europe, Nationalism, Communism. Essays on Poland, pp. 99-100. , in idem., ed., Frankfurt: Peter Lang; Machcewicz, P., Walka z RadiemWolna Europa (1950-1975)' (2005) Aparat Bezpieczénstwa Wobec Emigracji Politycznej i Polonii, pp. 11-104. , Ryszard Terlecki, ed., Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance; Eiroa, Las Relaciones, p. 117; Faraldo, J.M., Refugees, Anticommunists, Scholars. Eastern European Émigrés in Franco's Spain', , (unpublished manuscript); Eiroa, M., España, refugio para los aliados del Eje y destino de anticomunistas (1939-1956) (2007) Ayer, 67 (3), p. 31; Zoltán, M., (2007) A Gyarmati Hadseregtol A Békefenntartó Muveletek Modern, Professzionális Haderejéig. A Fegyveres Erok Szerepe, Helyzete Spanyolország XX. 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King, Michnik, and the American Culture Wars (1989) Legacy of, , Kosicki and Kunakhovich, (forthcoming)},
correspondence_address1={Mark, J.; Department of History, United Kingdom; email: j.a.mark@ex.ac.uk},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={09607773},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Contemp. Eur. Hist.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Horowitz20171,
author={Horowitz, I.L.},
title={Behemoth: Main currents in the history and theory of political sociology},
journal={Behemoth: Main Currents in the History and Theory of Political Sociology},
year={2017},
pages={1-474},
doi={10.4324/9781351289764},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106847170&doi=10.4324%2f9781351289764&partnerID=40&md5=bce4ea7454b3d6e92871c0d03bec1125},
affiliation={Princeton, NJ, United States},
abstract={The title, Behemoth, derives from the Hebrew word Behemah-a beast, an enormous creature, monstrously huge and vast. It is an apt description of the State on the eve of the twenty-first century. Loved by few, vilified by many from all perspectives, it nonetheless continues to grow; by turns rivaling and co-opting that more pleasant-sounding word: Society. Political sociology aims to define and understand the interrelationship between these two huge terms: State and Society. Continuing in a path begun by Horowitz in the 1950s in The Idea of War and Peace in Contemporary Social and Philosophical Thought, expanded upon in the 1970s with Foundations of Political Sociology, this summing up in the late 1990s is an effort to extract and evolve the canon of political sociology. Starting with Montesquieu, Horowitz proceeds through the European experience of Rousseau, Tocqueville, Hegel, Marx, Durkheim, Sorel, and Weber. He then takes the field on its tangled migration to America with the Frankfurt School in exile, followed by searching chapters on Schumpeter, Mills, Arendt, and Huntington, among others. The result is a stunning revaluation of the intellectual sources of the present day divisions between statists and socialists, welfarists and individualists, advocates of dictatorship and of democracy, mandated rules and voluntary association, hard realists and soft utopians, a world without states and a world with a single state. Horowitz does not offer the usual evolutionary notion of doctrines, but a canon embedded in and embattled with the societies they aim to serve or overthrow in the present as in the past. The result is a major recasting of the theory and practice of social science and normative frameworks. The final chapter offers Horowitz's own prognosis of what we can expect in the recasting of the Welfare State to include the Welfare Society, and its growing nemesis the global economy which threatens to engulf State and Society alike in a return to civilizational concerns. This is an essential text for policy-makers and social scientists interested in macroscopic changes in the political order. © 1999 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
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Princeton: Princeton University Press (originally written in 1936); Schumpeter, J.A., (1947) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, pp. 145-155. , New York: Harper Brothers (third edition); Thurow, L.C., (1996) The Future of Capitalism: How Today's Economic Forces Shape Tomorrow's World, pp. 43-278. , New York: William Morrow & Co; Lipset, S.M., "Ref lections on Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy" (1993) Journal of Democracy, 4 (2), pp. 54-55. , April; Rose, A.M., (1967) The Power Structure: Political Process in American Society, p. 20. , New York: Oxford University Press; Bottomore, T.B., (1965) Classes in Modern Society, p. 77. , London: George Allen & Unwin; Kornhauser, A., (1957) Problems of Power in American Democracy, , Detroit: Wayne State University; Bendix, R., Lipset, S.M., (1966) Class, Status, and Power: Social Stratification in Comparative Perspective, , rev. ed. New York: The Free Press/Macmillan Co., 1953; Wright Mills, C., The Power Elite, , New York: Oxford University Press, 1956 All references to Mills's work in this chapter will be to this book; Riesman, D., (1953) Nathan Glazer, and Reuel Denney, The Lonely Crowd, , New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950; Lipset, S.M., (1960) Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics, pp. 439-456. , Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co; Parsons, T., "The Destruction of Power in American Society" (1960) In Structure and Process in Modern Societies, pp. 199-225. , Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press; Gitlin, T., "Local Pluralism as Theory and Ideology" (1965) Studies on the Left, 5 (3), pp. 21-45. , Summer; Lynd, R.S., Lynd, H.M., (1929) Middletown: A Study in American Culture, pp. 478-502. , New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co; Hunter, F., (1953) Community Power Structure: A Study of Decision Makers, , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press; Rosenberg, B., Walter, E.V., "The Power Elite: Two Views" (1956) Dissent, pp. 390-398. , Fall; Bell, D., "The Power Elite Reconsidered" (1958) American Journal of Sociology, 64 (3), pp. 238-250; Lynd, R.S., "Power in the United States" (1956) The Nation, pp. 408-411. , May 12; Parsons, T., "The Destruction of Power in American Society" , pp. 199-225; Dahl, R.A., (1961) Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Bottomore, T.B., (1968) Critics of Society: Radical Thought in North America, pp. 63-64. , New York: Pantheon Books; Lasch, C., (1969) The Agony of the American Left, , New York: Vintage/ Random House; Kolko, G., (1962) Wealth and Power in America, , New York: Praeger Publishers; William Domhoff, G., (1967) Who Rules America?, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall; Horowitz, I.L., "Power as the Measure of Political Man" (1972) Foundations of Political Sociology, pp. 475-495. , New York: Harper & Row, Publishers; Elon, A., "The Case of Hannah Arendt" (1997) The New York Review of Books, pp. 25-29. , November 6; Arendt, H., (1966) The Origins of Totalitarianism, , New York: Harcourt. Brace & World, 1951 (new edition; Arendt, H., (1997) Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report of the Banality of Evil, , New York: Penguin Books (revised edition); Arendt, H., (1950) The Human Condition, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Arendt, H., (1963) On Revolution, , New York: The Viking Press; Arendt, H., (1968) Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought, , New York: Penguin Books; Arendt, H., (1996) Love and Saint Augustine, , (edited by Joanna Vecchiarelli-Scott and Judith Chelius Stark) Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Dawidowicz, L.S., (1975) The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945, , New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Hilberg, R., (1961) The Destruction of the European Jews, , New York: Quadrangle Books-New York Times Book Co; Arendt, H., (1982) Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, (edited by Ronald Beiner); Levin, N., (1973) The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry, 1933-194, , New York: Schocken Books, ; and Isaiah Trunk; Arendt, H., (1978) The Life of the Mind, Volume Two: Willing, p. 277. , New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, edited with a Postface by Mary McCarthy; Arendt, H., Steven, E., (1997) Aschheim, Culture and Catastrophe: German and Jewish Confrontations with National Socialism and Other Crises, , London: Macmillan; Bracher, K.D., (1970) The German Dictatorship: Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism, , New York: Praeger Publishers; Weitz, Y., "The Holocaust on Trial: The Impact of the Kasztner and Eichmann Trials on Israeli Society" (1996) Israel Studies, 1 (2), pp. 1-26. , Fall; Rieff, P., (1966) The Triumph of the Therapeutic: Uses of Faith After Freud, p. 245. , Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press; Giddings, F.H., (1902) Democracy and Empire: With Studies of Their Psychological, Economic and Moral Foundations, , New York: Books For Libraries Press; Sorokin, P.A., (1941) Crisis of Our Age: The Social and Cultural Outlook, , New York: E.P. Dutton; Toynbee, A.J., (1989) A Study of History (abridgment in two volumes), , New York and London: Oxford University Press; Spengler, O., (1945) Decline of the West (in two volumes), , New York: Random House; Braudel, F., (1995) A History of Civilizations, , New York: Penguin Books-Viking Press; Fukuyama, F., (1993) The End of History and the Last Man, p. 418. , New York: Macmillan: The Free Press; Huntington, S.P., (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, p. 125. , New York: Simon & Schuster; Huntington, S.P., (1969) Political Order in Changing Societies, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Huntington, S.P., (1962) Changing Patterns of Military Politics, p. 21. , New York: The Free Press of Glencoe (Crowell-Collier); Huntington, S.P., (1962) Changing Patterns of Military Politics, pp. 41-44. , New York: The Free Press of Glencoe (Crowell-Collier); Huntington, S.P., (1981) The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil Military Relations, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Etzioni, A., New Communitarian Thinking: Persons, Virtues, Institutions, and Communities, , Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia; Huxley, A.L., (1989) Brave New World, , New York and London: Harper Collins; Orwell, G., (1984), New York: New American Library, 1990; and Animal Farm. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1990; Kafka, F., (1995) The Castle, , New York: Schocken Books; Bellamy, E., (1989) Looking Backward, , New York: New American Library; Owen, R., (1991) A New View of Society and other Writings, , New York: Penguin Books-Viking Press; Spulber, N., (1997) Redefining the State: Privatization and Welfare Reform in Historical and Transitional Economies, pp. 189-215. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Nock, A.J., (1935) Our Enemy, the State, , New York: Morrow Publishers; Skocpol, T., (1985) Bringing the State Back In, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Selznick, P., (1992) The Moral Commonwealth: Social Theory and the Promise of Community, , Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; Rader, L.C., "Liberalism and the Common Good" (1998) The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 2 (4), p. 532. , Spring; Nisbet, R.A., (1977) Twilight of Authority, , New York and London: Oxford University Press; Bell, D., (1993) Communitarianism and its Critics, , New York and London: Oxford University Press; Bloom, A., (1987) The Closing of the American Mind, pp. 189-190. , New York: Simon & Schuster; Shibley, M., (1997) Darryl Burrows, Building Community, , Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press; Weber, M., "Der Sinn der 'Wertfreiheit' der Soziologischen und okonomischen Wissenschaften," (1922) Gesammelte Aufsatze zur Wissenschaftslehre, , originally published in; Rowley, C.K., "On the Nature of Civil Society" (1998) The Independent Review, 2 (3), pp. 401-419. , Winter; Mommsen, H., (1996) The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy, , Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press; Jaspers, K., (1978) The Question of German Guilt, , Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishers; Dahrendorf, R., (1980) Society and Democracy in Germany, , Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishers, (reprint of 1956 edition); Soeffner, H.-G., "Germany-Once Again 'Belated Nation'?" (1994) Society, 31 (2), pp. 39-48. , January-February; Schick, A., "The Cybernetic State" (1970) Society, 35 (2). , January-February) 1998, pp. 78-87; Scott, J.C., (1998) Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed, p. 445. , New Haven and London: Yale University Press; Keohane, R., Nye, J., Jr., "States and the Information Revolution" (1998) Foreign Affairs, 77 (5), pp. 93-94; MacIver, R.M., (1965) Web of Government, , New York: The Free Press; Laski, H.J., (1935) The State in Theory and Practice, , New York: The Viking Press; Oppenheimer, F., (1940) The State, , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Weiss, L., (1998) The Myth of the Powerless State, p. 212. , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Gates, B., "We Are Defending Our Right to Innovate" (1998) The Wall Street Journal, p. A14. , May 20; Jenkins, H.W., Jr., ""On Microsoft, Standard Oil and Trustbusters" (1998) The Wall Street Journal, p. A15. , May 20; Yergin, D., Stanislaw, J., (1998) The Commanding Heights: The Battle Between Government and the Marketplace that is Remaking the Modern World, , New York: Simon & Schuster; McKenzie, R.B., Lee, D.R., (1991) Quicksilver Capital: How the Rapid Mountain of Wealth has Changed the World, , New York: The Free Press; William Pollard, C., (1996) The Soul of the Firm, , Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan-Harper Collins},
correspondence_address1={Horowitz, I.L.United States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Inc.},
isbn={9781351289764; 0765806274; 9781560004103},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Behemoth: Main Curr. in the Hist. and Theory of Polit. Sociol.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2017,
title={Busting US-China trade deficit myths},
journal={China Business Review},
year={2017},
volume={2017},
number={September},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037674612&partnerID=40&md5=4858c4524dfeb7a43c533dcd7c9d5da0},
abstract={Without doubt, there are problems in the U.S.China trade relationship. However, the current officially reported U.S.China trade numbers are grossly inaccurate. They are based on outdated methods of data collection and calculation that were agreed to in the aftermath of World War II, and they have not been properly updated to reflect today's global economy.},
author_keywords={ENGL},
publisher={US-China Business Council},
issn={01637169},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. Bus. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lubinski2017275,
author={Lubinski, C. and Steen, A.},
title={Traveling Entrepreneurs, Traveling Sounds: The Early Gramophone Business in India and China},
journal={Itinerario},
year={2017},
volume={41},
number={2},
pages={275-303},
doi={10.1017/S0165115317000377},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026535632&doi=10.1017%2fS0165115317000377&partnerID=40&md5=5f5cd9af0540a27b6e50fa5611cd078a},
affiliation={Modern Chinese History, Aarhus University, Denmark},
abstract={During the first global economy, roughly from Western industrialization to World War I, the gramophone, much like other consumer goods, circulated relatively freely around the world. This paper compares the market in India and China asking how gramophone companies established themselves there and focuses on the interaction between Western businesspeople and local partners. The article first shows how agents started exploring strategies for localizing music and, second, how in both countries their interaction with local partners was first shaped by curiosity and commercial interest, and later by traditionalism and nationalism, the latter of which paradoxically both inhibited and enabled Western business. Based on diaries, corporate files, trade journals, and consular reports, the paper shows that the highly localized and politicized demand for music made access to local knowledge a crucial competitive advantage. © 2017 Research Institute for History, Leiden University.},
author_keywords={China;  gramophone industry;  India;  international business;  nationalism},
references={Arnold, D., (2013) Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India's Modernity, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Bhattacharyya, A., (1986) Swadeshi Enterprise in Bengal, 2. , Calcutta: Mita Bhattacharyya distributed by Seagull Bookshop; Caso, F., (2012) Emile Berliner in Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, 2. , http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.phprec=34, edited by William J. Hausman. German Historical Institute. Last modified March 25 2014; Domosh, M., (2006) American Commodities in An Age of Empire., , New York: Routledge; Du, J.M., (2015) BEKA China Records (1906-1949) the Lindstrom Project. Contributions to the History of the Record Industry., 6, pp. 86-103. , Our Trip Around the World: The Oriental Expedition of Beka Records in 1905/06 = Unsere Reise um die Welt, edited by F. Wonneberg, H. Bumb, P. Gronow, C. Hofer Vienna: Gesellschaft fur Historische Tontrager; Du, J.M., The Development of Chinese records to 1911 (2008) Antique Phonograph News, , http://www.capsnews.org/apn2008-1.htm, Jan.-Feb. accessed 13 Sept. 2016; Farrell, G., (1997) Indian Music and the West, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gaisberg, F.W., (1946) Music On Record, , London: Robert Hale; Nadel, G.S., Trichter, R., (2009) Kulturgeschichte des Phonographen und des Grammophons in Deutschland 1900-1940, , Cologne: Bohlau; Ge, T., (2009) Changpian Yu Jindai Shanghai Shehui Shenghuo, , Music Records and Social Life in Modern Shanghai). Shanghai: Cishu Publishing House; Gerth, K., (2009) China Made-Consumer Culture and the Creation of the Nation., , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Goldstein, J., (2007) Drama Kings-Players and Publics in the Re-Creation of Peking Opera 1870-1937, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Gracyk, T., Hoffmann, F., (2008) Popular American Recording Pioneers 1895-1925, , London/New York: Routledge; Jones, A.F., (2001) Yellow Music: Media Culture and Colonial Modernity in the Chinese Jazz Age, , Durham: Duke University Press; Kenney, W.H., (1999) Recorded Music in American Life: The Phonograph and Popular Memory 1890-1945, , New York: Oxford University Press; Kinnear, M.S., (1994) The Gramophone Company's First Indian Recordings 1899-1908, , Bombay: Popular Prakashan; Kittler, F.A., (1999) Gramophone F Typewriter, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Lubinski, C., Local responsiveness in distant markets: Western gramophone companies in India before world war I (2015) Management and Organizational History, 10 (2), pp. 170-188; Lubinski, C., Siemens early business in India: A family multinational's quest for Unity, 1847-1914 (2013) Family Multinationals: Entrepreneurship, Governance, Pathways to Internationalization, pp. 38-54. , edited by C. Lubinski, J. Fear, P. Fernández Perez New York: Routledge; Luo, L., (1996) Xiqu Changpian Shihua (Historical Account of Beijing-Opera Records), 3, pp. 397-416. , sin Jingju tanwanglu sanbian (Beijing Opera Stories and Memories Beijing; Martland, P., Caruso's first recordings: Myth and reality (1994) ARSC Journal, 25 (2), pp. 192-201; Martland, P.G., Frederick, W., (2004) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, pp. 1873-1951. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Martland, P.G., Frederick, W., (2013) Recording History: The British Record Industry 1888-1931, , Lanham: Scarecrow Press; Martland, P.G., Frederick, W., (1997) Since Records Began: Emi, the First 100 Years, , London: Batsford; McKee, D., The Chinese boycott of 1905-1906 reconsidered: The role of Chinese americans (1986) Pacific Historical Review, 55 (2), pp. 165-191; Mei, L., (2000) Xiqu Changpian" (Opera Records) 1961, 3. , In Quanji (Complete Works), edited by Mei Lanfang Hebei: Hebei Education Publishing House; Millard, A.J., (1995) America On Record: A History of Recorded Sound., , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Moore, J.N., (1976) A Voice in Time: The Gramophone of Fred Gaisberg 1873-1951, , London: Hamilton; Neuman, D.M., (1990) The Life of Music in North India: The Organization of An Artistic Tradition., , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Ng, W.C., (2015) The Rise of Cantonese Opera., , Urbana: University of Illinois Press; Parthasarathi, V., The scramble for sound (2010) ArtConnect: The IFAMagazine, 4 (1), pp. 40-55; Qian, N., Changpian, S., (2014) Shanghai Music Records 1903-1949, pp. 1903-1949. , Shanghai: People's Publishing House; Ray, C., Early, R., (1992) Calcutta Advertisements 1875-1925 [A Selection from the Statesman]., , Bombay: Nachiketa Publications; Robinson, A., (2004) Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye-the Biography of a Master Film-Maker, , London: I.B. Tauris; Sampath, V., My name is gauhar jan (2010) The Life and Times of a Musician, , New Delhi: Rupa; Sarkar, S., (2010) The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal 1903-1908. 2nd Ed, , Ranikhet: Permanent Black, distributed by Orient Blackswan; Schafer, R.M., (1994) The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World 1977, , Reprint, Rochester: Destiny Books; Shapiro, C., Varian, H.R., (1999) Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, , Boston: Harvard Business School Press; Sharma, A.N., Joshi, M.B., (2012) Bajanaama: A Study of Early Indian Gramophone Records., , Lucknow: Kathachitra Prakashan; Steen, A., Heinrich bumb and beka in China: A strange artistic experience (2015) Contributions to the History of the Record Industry, 6. , Our Trip Around the World: The Oriental Expedition of Beka Records in 1905/06, The Lindstrom Project. Contributions to the History of the Record Industry. Vol. 6, Our Trip around the World-the Great Beka Expedition in 1905/06, edited by F. Wonneberg, H. Bumb, P. Gronow, C. Hofer, 122-29. Vienna: Gesellschaft fur Historische Tontrager; Steen, A., (2006) Zwischen Unterhaltung und Revolution: Grammophone, Schallplatten und Die Anfänge der Musikindustrie in Shanghai 1878-1937, , Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz; Steen, A., (2015) Zai Yule Yu Geming Zhejian: Liushengji Changpian Yu Shanghai Yinyue Gongye de Chuqi, , Shanghai: Cishu Publishing House; Su, Y., (1995) Jingju Erbai Nian Gaikuang (200 Years of Beijing Opera: An Overview), , Beijing: Yanshan Publishing House; Suisman, D., (2009) Selling Sounds: The Commercial Revolution in American Music, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Tripathi, D., (2004) The Oxford History of Indian Business, , New Delhi: Oxford University Press; Washington, P., (1905) Phonographs in the Orient: Consul General Sammons Reports That They Are Growing in Favor, p. 1. , Dec. 29; Wong, S.-K., Die for the boycott and nation: Martyrdom and the 1905 Anti-American Movement in China (2001) Modern Asian Studies, 35 (3), pp. 565-588; Yeh, C.V., (2006) Shanghai Love: Courtesans, Intellectuals and Entertainment Culture 1850-1910, , Seattle: University of Washington Press},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={01651153},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Itinerario},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sudbury2017457,
author={Sudbury, J.},
title={Ceiling black bodies: Black women in the global prison industrial complex},
journal={Feminist Theories of Crime},
year={2017},
pages={457-474},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131655602&partnerID=40&md5=4c648b2946ecace9054916c4c42e38b7},
affiliation={Mills College, Oakland, United States},
abstract={The 1980s and 1990s have witnessed an explosion in the population of women prisoners in Europe, North America and Australasia, accompanied by a boom in prison construction. This article argues that this new pattern of women's incarceration has been forged by three overlapping phenomena. The first is the fundamental shift in the role of the state that has occurred as a result of neo-liberal globalization. The second and related phenomenon is the emergence and subsequent global expansion of what has been labelled a 'prison industrial complex' made up of an intricate web of relations between state penal institutions, politicians and profit-driven prison corporations. The third is the emergence of a US-led global war on drugs which is symbiotically related and mutually constituted by the transnational trade in criminalized drugs. These new regimes of accumulation and discipline, I argue, build on older systems of racist and patriarchal exploitation to ensure the superexploitation of black women within the global prison industrial complex. The article calls for a new anti-racist feminist analysis that explores how the complex matrix of race, class, gender and nationality meshes with contemporary globalized geo-political and economic realities. The prison industrial complex plays a critical role in sustaining the viability of the new global economy and black women are increasingly becoming the raw material that fuels its expansion and profitability. The article seeks to reveal the profitable synergies between drug enforcement, the prison industry, international financial institutions, media and politicians that are sending women to prison in ever increasing numbers. © Meda Chesney-Lind and Merry Morash 2011. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Prison industrial complex;  War on drugs},
references={Albrecht, H.J., The international system of drug control: Developments and trends (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives, , J. Gerber, and E. Hensen (2001) editors, New York and London: Garland Publishing; Bacon, W., Pillemer, T., Violence blamed as women fill prison (2000) Sydney Morning Herald, , www.smh.com.au/news/001/08/national/nationall.html, January 8, 2000; Bean, P., American influence on British drug policy (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives, , J. Gerber, and E. Hensen (2001) editors, New York and London: Garland Publishing; (2000) Aboriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System, , Ottawa; Ching Yoon Louie, M., (2001) Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Factory, , Cambridge, MA: Southend Press; Churchill, W., (1990) Cointelpro Papers: Documents from the FBIs Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent, , Boston: South End Press; (1994) Racism Behind Bars, , Toronto: Queens Printers; Currie, E., (1998) Crime and Punishment, , America, New York: Henry Holt and Co; Davis, A.Y., Race and criminalization: Black Americans and the punishment industry (1998) The Angela Y. Davis Reader, , J. James (1998) editor, Molden, MA: Blackwell Publishers; Dyer, J., (2000) The Perpetual Prisoner Machine: How America Profits from Crime, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; (1998) Women in Criminal Justice: A Twenty Year Update, , http://www.usdoj.gov/reports/98Guide/wcjc98/execsumm.htm, accessed July 13, 2001; Elkins, M., Gray, C., Rogers, K., (2001) Prison Population Brief England and Wales April, , 2001, London: Home Office Research Development Statistics; Friman, H.R., (1996) Narcodiplomacy: Exporting the US War on Drugs, , Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; Goldberg, E., Evans, L., (1998) The Prison Industrial Complex and the Global Economy, , Berkeley, CA: Agit Press; Hannah-Moffatt, K., Shaw, M., (2000) An Ideal Prison?: Critical Essays on Women's Imprisonment in Canada, , Halifax: Fernwood Publishing; Harper, R., Murphy, R., (1999) Drug Smuggling: An analysis of the traffickers 1991-1997, , London: Middlesex Probation Service; Harrison, F.V., Women in Jamaica's urban informal economy (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, , CT. Mohanty, R. Ann and T. Lourdes (1991) editors, IN, USA: Indiana University Press; (1982) Prison Statistics England and Wales, , 1980, London: HMSO; Joyce, E., Cocaine trafficking and British foreign policy (1998) Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade, , E. Joyce and M. Carlos (1998) editors, Basingstoke: MacMillan Press; Kempadoo, K., (1999) Sun, Sex and Gold, , New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishing; Klein, N., (2001) No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, , Toronto: Vintage Canada; Martin, W., Privatizing prisons from the USA to SA: Controlling dangerous Africans across the Atlantic (2001) ACAS Bulletin, , http://acas.prairienet.org/Wackenhutv5.htm, Winter, No. 59; Morgan, R., New Labour "law and order" politics and the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee Report on alternatives to prison sentences (1999) Punishment and Society, , July 1, No. 1; Oliver, M., Shapiro, T., (1995) Black Wealth, White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality, , London and New York: Routledge; (2001) Select Committee on the Increase in Prisoner Population, , www.parliament.nsw.gov.au, accessed July 4; Phizacklea, A., (1990) Unpacking the Fashion Industry: Gender, Racism and Class in Production, , London and New York: Routledge; (1996) Labour to Halt New Private Prisons, , London: Prison Reform Trust. June; (1998) UK profits, , Nov/Dec; (1998) Labour's prison U-turn complete, , June; Prison, R.T., (2000) Justice For Women: The Need for Reform, , London: Prison Reform Trust; Richie, B., (1996) Compelled To Crime: The Gender Entrapment of Battered Black Women, , London and New York: Routledge; Rojas, P.M., Complex facts (1998) Colorlines, 1 (2), p. 13; Rose, D., Opium of the People (2001) The Observer, , www.observer.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,518495,00.html; Shiva, V., (2001) Yoked to Death: Globalization and Corporate Control of Agriculture, , New Delhi: RFSTE; Speller, A., (1996) Private Sector Involvement in Prisons, , London: Church House Publishing; Smith, K., (1999) From the Desk of Kemba Smith, , www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/8899/pen.html, December 13, 1999; Sudbury, J., Transatlantic visions: Resisting the globalization of mass incarceration (2000) Social Justice, 27 (3), pp. 133-149; Sudbury, J., Globalisation, Incarcerated Black Women/Women of Colour and the Challenge to Feminist Scholarship (2001) Women's Studies Network: (ed) 2001 Millenial Visions Issues for feminism, , Cardiff University Press; Waters, M., (1998) Congressional black Caucus blasts president's crack/powder cocaine sentencing recommendations, , www.house.gov/waters/Pi_980722_cocaine.html, Press Release, July 22. 1998; Yeoman, B., Steeltown Lockdown (2000) Mother Jones, , May/June; Young, P., (1987) The Prison Cell, , London: Adam Smith Institute; van der Veen, H., (2000) The International Drug Complex, , Amsterdam: Center for Drug Research, University of Amsterdam},
correspondence_address1={Sudbury, J.; Mills CollegeUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781315094113; 9780754629719},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fem. Theor. of Crime},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cernak2017,
author={Cernak, J.},
title={The evolutionary approach to understand human low fertility phenomenon},
journal={Frontiers in Physics},
year={2017},
volume={5},
number={MAY},
doi={10.3389/fphy.2017.00011},
art_number={11},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029628725&doi=10.3389%2ffphy.2017.00011&partnerID=40&md5=fbf5779678eb16533e370dbb83151e27},
affiliation={Department of Nuclear and Sub-Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Science, Institute of Physics, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia},
abstract={Is it possible to reverse the low total fertility rate (TFR) in the developed world? Using a hypothetical model of population we have analyzed the decline of the TFR which have took place in the background of ongoing global economic changes, and a liberalization process after the end of the Cold War. These phenomena have affected more that 110 millions of inhabitants of Central Europe and the Baltics and approximately 80 millions of inhabitants in Germany. The model has features of complex and evolving system of interacting individuals, and it enables to investigate a broad spectrum of input factors on individual decisions to limit the offspring. In the case of the TFR < 1.5, our initial analysis show a need of radical changes of the global economy that will stimulate series of self-regulations of demographic processes and evolution toward the safe TFR > 2.1. The changes should stimulate more uniform spatial distribution of wealth, capital, and usage. They will increase a number of self-sufficient and cooperative territories, to decrease the income inequality, to decrease labor and social mobilities. Societies should investigate the impacts of economic regulations and actions on the TFR trends in advance and take into account a biological nature of women more responsible. © 2017 Cernak.},
author_keywords={Complex systems;  Evolving systems;  Fertility rate;  Global economy;  Humanity;  Multilevel networks;  Population growth},
references={Goodhart, C.B., World population growth and its regulation by natural means (1956) Nature, 178, pp. 561-565; Abel, G.J., Barakat, B., Samir, K., Lutz, W., Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals leads to lower world population growth (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113, pp. 14294-14299; Kirk, D., Demographic transition theory (1996) Popul Stud, 50, pp. 361-387; Gerland, P., Raftery, A.E., Ševcíková, H., Li, N., Gu, D., Spoorenberg, T., World population stabilization unlikely this century (2014) Science, 346, pp. 234-237; Lutz, W.S., Scherbov, S., The end of world population growth (2001) Nature, 412, pp. 543-545; Used Indicators: Fertility Rate and Total (Births Per Woman) and Population and Total., , http://data.worldbank.org/indicator, Available oniline at:; Caldwell, J.C., Caldwell, B.K., Caldwell, P., McDonald, P.F., Schindlmayr, T., (2006) Demographic Transition Theory, , Dordrecht: Springer; McDonald, P., Low fertility and the state: the efficacy of policy (2006) Popul Dev Rev, 32, pp. 485-510; Westoff, C.F., Fertility in the United States (1986) Science, 234, pp. 554-559; Feeney, G., Fertility decline in East Asia (1994) Science, 266, pp. 1518-1523; Dyson, T., (2010) Population and Development: The Demographic Transition, , London: Zed Books; Iannelli, M., Martcheva, M., Milner, F.A., (2005) Gender-Structured Population Modeling: Mathematical Methods, , Numerics and Simulations. Philadelphia, PA: SIAM; Azose, J.J., Ševcíková, H., Raftery, A.E., Probabilistic population projections with migration uncertainty (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113, pp. 6460-6465; Trask, B.S., (2010) Globalization and Families: Accelerated Systematic Social Change, , New York, NY: Springer; Trask, B.S., (2014) Women, Work, and Globalization, , New York, NY: Taylor & Francis; Sneppen, K., Zochi, G., (2005) Physics in Molecular Biology, , New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; Bar-Yam, Y., (1997) Dynamics of Complex Systems, , Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley; Watts, D.J., Should social science be more solution-oriented? (2017) Nat Hum Behav., 1; Cho, A., Ourselves and our interactions: the ultimate physics problem (2009) Science, 325, pp. 406-408; Castellano, C., Fortunato, S., Loreto, V., Statistical physics of social dynamics (2009) Rev Mod Phys, 81, pp. 591-646; Vespignani, A., Modelling dynamical processes in complex socio-technical systems (2012) Nat Phys, 8, pp. 32-39; Ball, P., The physical modelling of human social systems (2004) Complexus, 1, pp. 190-206; Piketty, T., (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century, , Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J., Morgan, S.P., Hossein-Chavoshi, M., McDonald, P., Family change and continuity in Iran: birth control use before first pregnancy (2009) J Marriage Fam, 71, pp. 1309-1324; Stiglitz, J.E., (2016) The Euro How A Common Currency Threatens the Future of Europe, , New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company; Dhand, A., Luke, D.A., Lang, C.E., Lee, J.M., Social networks and neurological illness (2016) Nat Rev Neurol, 12, pp. 605-612; Soberano, E.K., Kelty-Stephen, D.G., Demystifying cognitive science: explaining cognition through network-based modeling (2015) Front Physiol, 6, p. 88; De Domenico, M., Granell, C., Porter, M.A., Arenas, A., The physics of spreading processes in multilayer networks (2016) Nat Phys, 12, pp. 901-906; Milanovic, B., Income inequality is cyclical (2016) Nature, 537, pp. 479-482; Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Cao, S., Institutional change to compensate for low birth rates: the Chinese situation, and comparison with other countries (2015) Time Soc, 25, pp. 406-415; Archick, K., (2016) The European Union: Current challenges and Future Prospects, , Congressional Research Service. R44249. CRS Report; Lee, R., Mason, A., Is low fertility really a problem? Population aging, dependency, and consumption (2014) Science, 346, pp. 229-234; Coleman, D., Rowthorn, R., Who's afraid of population decline? A critical examination of its consequences. (2011) Demographic Transition and Its Consequences., pp. 217-248. , In: Lee RD, Reher DS, editors. New York, NY: Population Council; Cernák, J., (2017) Is a reversal of the low fertility rate a universal phenomenon?-evolutionary approach, , arXiv preprint arXiv:170103481; Bauch, C.T., McElreath, R., Disease dynamics and costly punishment can foster socially imposed monogamy (2016) Nat Commun, 7, p. 11219; Smeeding, T.M., Adjusting the fertility bust (2014) Science, 346, pp. 164-165; Dyussupova, S., (2011) Impact of Ethnicity on Recent Fertility Change by Marital Status in Kazakhstan., , https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/89957/?lang=en, Prague: Charles University. Available online at:},
correspondence_address1={Cernak, J.; Department of Nuclear and Sub-Nuclear Physics, Slovakia; email: jozef.cernak@upjs.sk},
publisher={Frontiers Media S.A.},
issn={2296424X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Front. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Plumpe2017333,
author={Plumpe, W.},
title={Globalisation — a Reversible History? [Die Globalisierung — eine umkehrbare Geschichte?]},
journal={Wirtschaftsdienst},
year={2017},
volume={97},
number={5},
pages={333-338},
doi={10.1007/s10273-017-2140-3},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019904647&doi=10.1007%2fs10273-017-2140-3&partnerID=40&md5=717193eb06dc7778b55f0978a724eed7},
affiliation={Historisches Seminar, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Norbert-Wollheim-Platz 1, Frankfurt a.M., 60629, Germany},
abstract={A global labour division with a corresponding exchange in trade has always existed, ultimately for reasons of pragmatism; the volume and structure of this labour division did particularly depend on technical and economic conditions. Today, low haulage makes the division of labour exceedingly intense, supported by the unprecedented reduction of trade barriers in the Post-War period. The latter phenomenon had always been controversial, as impacts of global trade on welfare were, and still are, unequally distributed. The winners seek to secure their advantages, while the losers try to defend themselves against competitors. There are two lessons to be learned from historic experience: On the one hand, that a limitation of global labour division is altogether unfavourable; first, that the costs resulting from an occasional limitation are only acceptable under the premise that the time gained is used for structural reforms that allow the return to the global division of labour. A permanent exit from global economy, however, has (thus far) never turned out to be successful. © 2017, ZBW and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
references={Iriye, A., Osterhammel, J., (2013) Geschichte der Welt, bisher 4 Bände, , München; Allen, R.C., (2011) Global Economic History. A Very Short Introduction, , Oxford; Vries, P., (2013) Ursprünge des modernen Wirtschaftswachstums, , England, China und die Welt in der Frühen Neuzeit, Göttingen; Steiner, A., (2004) Von Plan zu Plan, , Eine Wirtschaftsgeschichte der DDR, München; Senghaas, T.D., (1977) Weltwirtschaftsordnung und Entwicklungspolitik, , Plädoyer für Dissoziation, Frankfurt a.M; Abu-Lughod, J.L., (1989) Before European Hegemony. The World system A.D. 1250-1350, , New York; de Vries, J., van der Woude, A., (2007) The First Modern Economy. Success, Failure and Peserverance of the Dutch Economy 1500-1850, , Cambridge; Kleinschmidt, C., (2017) Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Neuzeit. Die Weltwirtschaft 1500-1850, , München; Engerman, S.L., Gallman, R.E., (2000) The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, , Bde 2. und 3, Cambridge; ten Brink, T., (2011) Kooperation oder Konfrontation? Der Aufstieg Chinas in der globalen politischen Ökonomie, , PPIFG working paper, Nr. 2011.7, Köln; Fischer, W., (1979) Die Weltwirtschaft im 20, , Jahrhundert, Göttingen; (2015) World Trade Report; Torp, C., (2005) Die Herausforderung der Globalisierung. Wirtschaft und Politik in Deutschland 1860-1914, , Göttingen; Findlay, R., O’Rourke, K.H., (2007) Power and Plenty. Trade, war, and the World economy in the Second Millennium, pp. 7-9. , Princeton, Kap; Allen, R.C., (2009) The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective, , Cambridge; Ballantine, T., Burton, A., (2012) Imperien und Globalität, in: E. S. Rosenberg (Hrsg.): 1870-1945, pp. 287-432. , Weltmärkte und Weltkriege, Bd. 4 der Geschichte der Welt, hrsg. von A. Iriye, J. Osterhammel, München; Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M., Melitz, M., (2012) Internationale Wirtschaft. Theorie und Politik der Außenwirtschaft, 9. , Aufl., München; (2013) International Trade Statistics; Straubhaar, T., Globalisierung, Technologie, Deindustrialisierung (2013) Zeitenwende auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, pp. 62-85. , Bonn; List, F., (1961) Das nationale System der Politischen Ökonomie, , Nach der französischen Handschrift übersetzt und eingeleitet von G. Fabiunke, Berlin; Wendler, E., (2015) Friedrich List (1789-1846): A Visionary Economist with Social Responsibility, , Berlin, Heidelberg; Tribe, K., Die Vernunft des List. National economy and the Critique of Cosmopolitan Economy (1995) Strategies of economic Order. The German Economic Discourse 1750-1950, pp. 32-65. , K. Tribe, Cambridge; Plumpe, W., Subventionsruine Ruhrgebiet? Eine Polemik (1992) Struktureller Wandel und kulturelles Leben. Politische Kultur in Bochum 1860-1990, pp. 439-449. , P. Friedemann, G. Seebold (Hrsg.):, Essen; Paqué, K.-H., (2009) Die Bilanz. Eine wirtschaftliche Analyse der Deutschen Einheit, , München},
correspondence_address1={Plumpe, W.; Historisches Seminar, Norbert-Wollheim-Platz 1, Germany; email: w.plumpe@em.uni-frankfurt.de},
publisher={Springer Verlag},
issn={00436275},
language={German},
abbrev_source_title={Wirtschaftsdienst},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Webster20174,
author={Webster, C.},
title={Political turbulence and business as usual: tourism’s future},
journal={Journal of Tourism Futures},
year={2017},
volume={3},
number={1},
pages={4-7},
doi={10.1108/JTF-11-2016-0045},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051293342&doi=10.1108%2fJTF-11-2016-0045&partnerID=40&md5=904887217d7a42184aebe8a0764fc824},
affiliation={Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States},
abstract={Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the political turbulence of the times and discuss how political movements and political events that appear to be shocking to many are linked with major transformations in the global economy in recent decades. The author shows how the political and economic situation will likely have little impact on tourism inflows in major developed countries in coming years. Design/methodology/approach: The paper explores global changes since the end of the Cold War and how this has impacted upon potential tourists in tourist source markets and host destinations. It is a global analysis, exploring changes since the Cold War. Findings: Western countries will continue to experience all sorts of political and social turbulence for the foreseeable future, as their populations become increasingly bifurcated in terms of their wealth and the fiat currency system and fractional reserve system of banking reaches the limits of what it is capable of. However, this does not necessarily mean that tourists will be deterred from travelling to developed countries, as long as the developed countries shield visitors from social upheaval and politically unpleasant events such as strikes, riots, and demonstrations. Practical implications: The practical implications are that managers in the tourism industry should become increasingly aware of the widening gap between the rich and poor in developed countries and prepare for the political and social shocks of dealing with this phenomenon. The phenomenon will have political expression in political movements that will pay lip service to populist demands but will also have expression in disappointed populations that will take part in social unrest of all sorts. Managers should prepare for various expressions of unrest in developed countries that had not been so widespread, including strikes, demonstrations, and riots. Originality/value: This paper discusses the ascendency of Donald Trump to the US Presidency and the increasing visibility of other political nonconformist movements in western countries as a possible threat to tourism in developed countries. It links the changing political and social reality of citizens since the end of the Cold War to the future role that developed countries will play in the tourism industry, largely as hosts to the world’s affluent class created by globalization. © 2017, Craig Webster.},
author_keywords={Economics;  Globalization;  Policy;  Politics},
correspondence_address1={Webster, C.; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, United States; email: cwebster3@bsu.edu},
publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.},
issn={20555911},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Tour. Futur.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{VanHear2017171,
author={Van Hear, N. and Cohen, R.},
title={Diasporas and conflict: distance, contiguity and spheres of engagement},
journal={Oxford Development Studies},
year={2017},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={171-184},
doi={10.1080/13600818.2016.1160043},
note={cited By 47},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961218148&doi=10.1080%2f13600818.2016.1160043&partnerID=40&md5=446002dcf496ed8498199f66866c9a6f},
affiliation={Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom},
abstract={Diasporas are now well-established players in the global political economy, yet their role in conflict and post-conflict settings remains controversial. Diasporas have variously been described as war-mongers, peace-builders, or ambivalent in their influence on conflict. We suggest that this variety of characterizations might be explained by disaggregating forms of diaspora engagement and the public and private spaces in which they occur into three ‘spheres of engagement’. We then go on to consider two variants of conflict-related diasporas: ‘distant diasporas’, alluding particularly to Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Somalia, and ‘contiguous diasporas’, referring mainly to the Russian-speaking peoples in the former Soviet Union but also to groups like the Kurds spread across several nation-states. We show that different forms and levels of engagement generate varying levels of demand on diasporan households. Differences of wealth, resources, social capital and class also influence the capacity of diasporas to engage in conflict and post-conflict roles. © 2016 Nicholas Van Hear and Robin Cohen.},
keywords={diaspora;  global economy;  local participation;  political economy;  social conflict, Afghanistan;  Somalia;  Sri Lanka},
funding_details={International Development Research CentreInternational Development Research Centre, IDRC},
funding_details={Leverhulme TrustLeverhulme Trust},
funding_details={St. Antony's College, University of OxfordSt. Antony's College, University of Oxford},
funding_text 1={A version of this paper was presented at a workshop help in honour of Valpy Fitzgerald at St Antony’s College, Oxford in November 2014. We thank the participants for their comments. We would also like to thank Dace Dzenovska for her extensive comments on this paper and apologise to her for not being able to respond fully to all her arguments. Nicholas Van Hear would like to thank Cathrine Brun, Leslie Fesenmyer and Giulia Liberatore for contributions to the analysis of the Sri Lanka case, as well as Sri Lankan research assistants who gathered material in London and Sri Lanka. As well as the Leverhulme Trust support for the Oxford Diasporas Programme, Nicholas Van Hear would like to thank Canada’s International Development Research Centre for its support. Finally, both authors thank the journal’s referees for their critical comments. This work was supported by the International Development Research Centre and the Leverhulme Trust.},
references={Adamson, F., Mobilizing for the transformation of home: Politicized identities and transnational practices (2002) New approaches to migration: Transnational communities and the transformation of home, pp. 155-168. , Koser K., Al-Ali N., (eds), London: Routledge; Adamson, F., Globalisation, transnational political mobilisation, and networks of violence (2005) Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 18, pp. 31-49; Adamson, F., Constructing the diaspora: Diaspora identity politics and transnational social movements (2012) Politics from afar: Transnational diasporas and networks, p. 25. , Lyons T., Mandaville P., (eds), 43, New York, NY: Columbia University Press; Adamson, F., Mechanisms of diaspora mobilization and the transnationalization of civil war (2013) Transnational dynamics of civil war, pp. 63-88. , Checkel J., (ed), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Al-Ali, N., Black, R., Koser, K., The limits to transnationalism: Bosnian and Eritrean refugees in Europe as emerging transnational communities (2001) Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24, pp. 578-600; Anderson, B., (1983) Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, , London: Verso; Anderson, B., (1992) Long-distance nationalism: World capitalism and the rise of identity politics, , Amsterdam: Centre for Asian Studies; Azwer, M., The diaspora factor: Interview with ‘prime minister’ of Tamil diaspora’s ‘Transnational Government’ (2011) Sunday Leader, , http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2011/03/20/the-diaspora-factor/; Brinkerhoff, J., Diasporas and conflict societies: Conflict entrepreneurs, competing interests or contributors to stability and development? (2011) Conflict, Security & Development, 11, pp. 115-143; Brubaker, W.R., Citizenship struggles in Soviet successor states (1992) International Migration Review, 26, pp. 269-291; Brun, C., Van Hear, N., Between the local and the diasporic: The shifting centre of gravity in war-torn Sri Lanka’s transnational politics (2012) Contemporary South Asia, 20, pp. 61-75; Cochrane, F., Baser, B., Swain, A., Home thoughts from abroad: Diasporas and peace-building in Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka (2009) Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32, pp. 681-704; Cohen, R., (1997) Global diasporas: An introduction, , 1st ed., London: UCL Press; Cohen, R., Rai, S., (2000) Global social movements, , London: Continuum; Collier, P., (2000) Economic causes of civil conflict and their implications for policy, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Greed and grievance in civil war (2004) Oxford Economic Papers, 56, pp. 563-595; Dion, D., Evidence and inference in the comparative case study (1998) Comparative Politics, 30, pp. 127-145; Dzenovska, D., Complicit becoming: Tolerance work and Europeanization after socialism; Duffield, M., The symphony of the damned: Racial discourse, complex political emergencies and humanitarian aid (1996) Disasters, 20, pp. 173-193; Duffield, M., Post-modern conflict: Warlords, post-adjustment states and private protection (1998) Civil Wars, 1, pp. 65-102; Duffield, M., (2001) Global governance and the new wars: The merging of development and security, , London: Zed Books; Duffield, M., (2007) Development, security and unending war: Governing the world of peoples, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Fitzgerald, V., Stewart, F., Venugopal, R., (2006) Globalisation, violent conflict and self-determination, , Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Gamlen, A., Diaspora institutions and diaspora governance (2014) International Migration Review, 48, pp. S180-S217; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2004) Multitude, , New York, NY: The Penguin Press; Harpviken, K., (2008) From ‘refugee warriors’ to ‘returnee warriors’(Global Migration and Transnational Politics Working Paper No 5), , Fairfax, VA: George Mason University; Harpviken, K., Lischer, S., Refugee militancy in exile and upon return in Afghanistan and Rwanda (2013) Transnational dynamics of civil war, pp. 89-119. , Checkel J., (ed), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (2010) The Sri Lankan diaspora after the LTTE(Asia Report No 186), , Colombo/Brussels: ICG; Kaldor, M., (1999) New and old wars: Organised violence in a global era, , 1st ed., Cambridge: Polity Press; Kapur, D., The Janus face of diasporas (2007) Diaporas and development, pp. 89-118. , Merz B.J., Chen L., Geithner P., (eds), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Keen, D., (1998) The economic functions of violence in civil wars(Adelphi paper 320), , London: Routledge; Koinova, M., Four types of diaspora mobilization: Albanian diaspora activism for Kosovo independence in the US and the UK (2012) Foreign Policy Analysis, 9, pp. 433-453; Laitin, D., Language conflict and violence: The straw that strengthens the camel’s back (2000) European Journal of Sociology, 41, pp. 97-137; Lindley, A., (2010) The early morning phone call: Somali refugees’ remittances, , Oxford: Berghahn; Lyons, T., Conflict-generated diasporas and transnational politics in Ethiopia (2007) Conflict, Security & Development, 7, pp. 529-549; Lyons, T., Mandaville, P., (2012) Politics from afar: Transnational diasporas and networks, , New York, NY: Columbia University Press; Mizrokhi, E., (2009) Russian ‘separatism’ in Crimea and NATO: Ukraine’s big hope, Russia’s grand gamble, , Quebec City: Institut québécois des hautes études internationals; Orjuela, C., War, peace and the Sri Lankan diaspora (2003) Diasporas, armed conflicts, and peacebuilding in their homelands, pp. 61-72. , Swain A., (ed), Uppsala: Uppsala University Press; Rajasingham, N., The Tamil diaspora: Solidarities and realities (2009) openDemocracy, , http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/the-tamil-diaspora-solidarities-and-realities; Reno, W., (1998) Warlord politics and African states, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Richards, P., (1996) Fighting for the rain forest. War, youth & resources in Sierra Leone, , Oxford: James Currey; Schmid, C., Latvia Ethnicity and language tensions in Latvia (2008) Language Policy, 7, pp. 3-19; Shain, Y., Barth, A., Diasporas and international relations theory (2003) International Organization, 57, pp. 449-479; Sheffer, G., (2003) Diaspora politics: At home abroad, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Shevel, O., Nationality in Ukraine: Some rules of engagement (2002) East European Politics & Societies, 16, pp. 386-413; Shevel, O., (2013) Ukraine: Country report, , Florence: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and EU Citizenship Observatory, European University Institute; Sklair, L., (2000) The transnational capitalist class, , Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; Smith, H., Stares, P.B., (2007) Diasporas in conflict: Peace-makers or peace-wreckers?, , Tokyo: United Nations University; Sökefeld, M., Mobilizing in transnational space: A social movement approach to the formation of diaspora (2006) Global Networks, 6, pp. 265-284; Stewart, F., Fitzgerald, V., (2000) War and underdevelopment: The economic and social consequences of conflict, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2014) Putin: “Crimea has always been an integral part of Russia”, , London; Van Hear, N., Sustaining societies under strain: Remittances as a form of transnational exchange in Sri Lanka and Ghana (2002) New approaches to migration: Transnational communities and the transformation of home, pp. 202-223. , Koser K., Al-Ali N., (eds), London: Routledge; Van Hear, N., ‘I went as far as my money would take me: Conflict, forced migration and class (2006) Forced migration and global processes: A view from forced migration studies, pp. 125-158. , Crepeau F., Nakache D., Collyer M., (eds), Lanham, MA: Lexington/Rowman and Littlefield; Van Hear, N., Refugees in diaspora: From durable solutions to transnational relations (2006) Refuge, 23, pp. 9-14; Van Hear, N., The rise of refugee diasporas (2009) Current History, 108, pp. 180-185; Vimalarajah, L., Cheran, R., (2010) Empowering diasporas: The dynamics of post-war transnational Tamil politics(Berghof Occasional Paper 31), , Berlin: Berghof Conflict Research, Berghof Peace Support; Yin, R., (2014) Case study research: Design and methods, , London: Sage},
correspondence_address1={Van Hear, N.; Centre on Migration, United Kingdom; email: nicholas.vanhear@compas.ox.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={13600818},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Oxf. Dev. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Naidoo20171901,
author={Naidoo, V.},
title={The youth and social entrepreneurship},
journal={Entrepreneurship: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications},
year={2017},
volume={4-4},
pages={1901-1909},
doi={10.4018/978-1-5225-1923-2.ch081},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021341182&doi=10.4018%2f978-1-5225-1923-2.ch081&partnerID=40&md5=3cf9ba6e352e8f37012d3964d9dad3fc},
affiliation={University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa},
abstract={In today's world where the global economy is shrinking and the people of the world are constantly being plaque by recession, natural disasters, poverty and war the youth have to grapple with all these stressful influences. Due to the recession the job markets have become saturated as recession has hit the global economies throughout the world. The youth now are tasked with becoming involved in entrepreneurial activities to survive in these complex world economies. However entrepreneurship is not an easy endeavour. It is not for the faint hearted either. Entrepreneurism involves drive, perseverance, emotional intelligence and risk taking. A way forward for young people is social entrepreneurship as it offers them very viable opportunities within the backdrop of such a volatile economy.},
references={Aart, V., (2000) Entrepreneurship and new venture management (2nd ed.), , New York: Oxford; Bolton, B., Thompson, J., (2003) The entrepreneur in focus achieve your potential, , London: Thomson; Bornstein, D., (2007) How to change the world: Social Entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Bornstein, D., Davis, S., (2010) Social Entrepreneurship: What everyone needs to know, , Oxford, UK: Oxford Press; Boulton, C., Turner, P., (2005) Mastering business in Asia entrepreneurship, , Singapore: Wiley; Dees, G., (2001) The meaning of social entrepreneurship, , http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.p; Elkington, J., Hartigan, P., (2008) The Power of Unreasonable People, , Boston: Harvard Business Press; Foundation of Occupational Development, , www.xleweb.com/food; Greoenwald, M., Nayger van, Z., Train, V., Emanual, (2011) Entrepreneurship fresh perspective, , South Africa: Pearson; Lucas, E., Businesses that 'put back' are bucking the trend (2009) Professional Manager, , (September); Mair, J., Marti, I., Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight (2006) Journal of World Business, 4, pp. 36-44; Mitra, J., (2012) Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development, , London: Routledge; Ndedi, A.A., Entrepreneurship Training and Job Creation in South Africa: Are Tertiary Institutions Filling the Gap? (2009) Journal of Contemporary Management, 6, pp. 441-462; Noruzi, M.R., Westover, J.H., Rahimi, G.R., An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship in the Entrepreneurship Era (2010) Asian Social Science, 6 (6), pp. 3-10. , (June); Noruzi, M.R., Westover, J.H., Rahimi, G.R., An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship in an Entrepreneurship Era (2010) Asian Social Science, 6 (JUNE), pp. 3-10; Spinelli, S., Adams, R., (2012) New venture creation. Entrepreneurship for the 21st century, , (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill; Poverty is a serious problem in developing nations (2003) Poverty of nations: Current controversies, pp. 15-21. , B. Miller & J. D. Torr (Eds.), Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press; Trexler, J., Complexity and Philosophy. Social Entrepreneurship as an Algorithm: Is Social Enterprise Sustainable? (2008) E.CO, 10 (3), pp. 65-85; (2014) UNDASA, , http://undesadspd.org/Youth.aspx; (2003) South Africa human development report: The challenge of sustainable development: Unlocking people's creativity, , Oxford University Press; Van der, M., The Entrepreneur (2003) Entrepreneurship: A South African Perspective, , Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers; Van Rensburg, J., Veldsman, A., Jenkins, M., From Technologists to Social Enterprise, Developers: Our Journey as "ICT for Development" Practitioners in Southern Africa (2008) Information for Development, 14 (1), pp. 76-89; Yunus, M., (2007) Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism, , New York: Public Affairs; (2008) Essential of entrepreneurship and small business management, , (5th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson},
correspondence_address1={Naidoo, V.; University of KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa},
publisher={IGI Global},
isbn={9781522519249; 1522519238; 9781522519232},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Entrep.: Concepts, Methodol., Tools, and Appl.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mosalanejhad201767,
author={Mosalanejhad, A.},
title={Social capital and strategic self-reliance in national development process},
journal={Geopolitics Quarterly},
year={2017},
volume={13},
number={46},
pages={67-92},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066119950&partnerID=40&md5=d07339591b7892967647d2cb3e05e24e},
affiliation={Tehran University, Tehran, Iran},
abstract={Intrduction Strategic self-reliance can be considered as an inevitable part of strategic policymaking in countries that are in the course of national development and modernization. After World War II, some countries tried to improve their strategic and geopolitical positions and achieve some indications of self-reliance strategy. In this regard, the more social capital, the more security will increase. The characteristics of “Neoliberal Global System” is that the fields need to redefine the concepts of peace, development, security and national modernization provided by optimizing and enhancing social capital. Any social development and self-reliance needs social capital. In general, social capital should be required as part of the tangled networks of developing community. This process will be formed by optimizing the signs of endogenous development and national renovation. Many researches have been done in social capital notion which is a concept in economics, business, and sociology, policy and development strategy. The field of strategic policy making concentrates on the issues of development and modernization in various countries based on self-reliance and social capital definition. Methodology With an explanatory approach and using data and content analysis methods, the present paper, while explaining the relationship between development and security, tries to determine the position of strategic self-reliance and social capital in strategic policymaking, with emphasis on Iran. It is noteworthy that the “Strategic Self-reliance” and “Social Capital” be considered as independent variables, while “National Development Modernization” is considered as the dependent variable. Thus, the key question of this survey is based on following proposition: “On what process and symptoms, the policy of development and national modernization can be achieved in Iran and developing countries? In addition to the above question, other propositions can be considered as minor questions of this article as follows: - What is the impact of policy of strategic self-reliance on national modernization and development in Iran? - What is the impact and the role of social media in the formation of social capital? - What is the impact of multinational companies and economic institutions on strategic self-reliance and development process? - What will be the role and function of social institution in the process of development-oriented self-reliance? - In which path dose social capital lead to the improvement of strategic self-reliance in Iran? The hypothesis of this article is that: "Development process and national modernization in Iran and developing countries needs promotion of social capital and optimizing strategic self-reliance". Analyses Explaining the realities of development and national modernization in Iran and any country will not be possible without the formation of public policy. Part of the public policy can be in relation to the use of those mechanisms that provides required fields for maximizing social capital and optimizing strategic self-reliance. Any social development and self-reliance requires its social capital. Conclusion The findings indicate that if the necessities of global governance are linked with indications of good governance in the surrounding countries, it can pave the way for the realization of objectives such strategic self-reliance. Experiences of post-revolution indicate that migration on one hand has increased in GDP, and on the other hand, in this period has obviously increased in self-reliance and economic independence in institutes and global economy. Signs of such process should be analyzed in the mechanisms of dependent economic development. Dependent development has greater priority to global economy. The sanctions have revealed that whenever political economy of Iran is in conflict with international organizations, the country faces with difficulties in supplying the social needs of citizens. © 2018, Iranian Association of Geopolitics. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Development policy making;  Global system;  National security;  Social capital;  Strategic self-reliance},
references={Alcock, P., (1993) Understanding Poverty, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Alcock, P., The subject of social policy (2003) The Student’s Companion to Social Policy, , P. Alcock, A Erskine and M. May, 2nd Ed, Oxford: Blackwell; Alkire, S., Valuing Freedoms: Sen’s capability approach and poverty reduction (2002) Oxford: Oxford University Press; Castells, M., (2001) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, , translation by: AhadAligholian & Khakbaz Afshin, Tehran, Tarhe Nao publication[in Persian]; Cooper, R., (1968) The Economics of Interdependence: Economic Policy in the Atlantic Community, , McGraw-Hill, New York; Dean, H., Taylor, P., (1992) Dependency Culture: The Explosion of a Myth, , Hemel Hempstead:Harvester Wheat sheaf; Dean, H., Welfare, Identity and the Life course (2003) Social Policy, , J. Baldock and Others, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Duffield, M., (2001) Global Governance and New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security, , London: Zed book; Duffield, M., (2010) New Filed of Development and Security, Available At:Little, Richard&Smith, Michael, Perspectives on World Politics, , translation by: AlirezaTaieb, Tehran:Cultural and Scientific Publication; Field, J., (2006) Social Capital, Translation By: Jalal Motaghi, , Tehran, Research Institute of TaaminEjtemaei publication; Firouzabadi, S.A., (2005) Investigating the Relationship Social Capital and the Factors Affecting Its Formation,, , Ph. D. thesis in Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tehran University, Supervisor: Mohammad Javad Nateghpour[in Persian]; Fukuyama, F., (2005) Social Capital and Civil Society, Available At:Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development, Compilation: Kian Tajbakhsh, , translation by: Afshinkhakbaz and Hassan Poyan, Tehran, Shirazi publication; Ghaffari, G.R., Reza, O., Life quality, index of social development (2011) Tehran, , Shirazeh, Publication; Ghaffari, G., Nazmohammad, O., (2006) Social Capital and Life Quality, , Journal of Social Studies, Iranian Sociological Association; Goodman, A., Webb, S., (1994) For Richer, for Poorer: The Changing Distribution of Income in The UK, , London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Hax, A.C., (2012) The Delta Model Reinventing Your Business Strategy, , translation by:MohammadmehdiMehdikha, Saeid Hossain zade, Imam Sadiq University Press; Heibroner, R.L., (1985) The Nature and Logic of Capitalism, , w. w. Norton, New York; Hills, J., The distribution of welfare (2003) The Student’s Companion to Social Policy, , P. Alcock, A, Erskine and M. May, 2nd Edn, Oxford: Blackwell; Hills, J., (2004) Inequality and the State, , Oxford: Oxford University; Hirschman, A.O., (1981) Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond, , Cambridge University, Press, New York; Huntington, S., (1996) Political Order in Changing Societies, , translation by: Mehdi Solasi, Tehran, Nashre Elm publication; Levitas, R., (1998) The Inclusive Society?, , Basingstoke: Palgrave; Lewis, J., Family change and Lone parents as a social problem (2001) Understanding Social Problems: Issues in Social Policy, , M. May, P. Page and E. Brunsdon, Oxford: Blackwell; Park, H., (2000) Ideology and Security, Available At: Edward Azar & Chung_In Moon"Third World National Security: Toward a New Conceptual Framework, , translation by:Institute for Strategic Studies[in Persian]; Putnam, R.D., Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy (2001) Translation By: Mohammad Taghi Delforooz, , Tehran: Salam newspaper publication[in Persian]; Sen, A., (1993) Capability and Well-Being, the Quality of Life, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Sen, A., (2003) Development as Freedom, , translation by: Vahid Mahmmudi, Tehran: Dastan Publication; So, A., (1996) Social Change and Development, Translation by Mehdi Mazaheri, , Tehran, Rahbordi publication},
correspondence_address1={Mosalanejhad, A.; Tehran UniversityIran},
publisher={Iranian Association of Geopolitics},
issn={17354331},
language={Persian},
abbrev_source_title={Geopolit. Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ge2017371,
author={Ge, Q. and Jiang, D. and Lu, F. and Deng, X. and Wang, S.},
title={Views on the study of geopolitical environment system simulation},
journal={Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica},
year={2017},
volume={72},
number={3},
pages={371-381},
doi={10.11821/dlxb201703001},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018283342&doi=10.11821%2fdlxb201703001&partnerID=40&md5=34183e659c7a02d4ac33de27a3fc12b7},
affiliation={Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China},
abstract={The term of geopolitical environment refers to the combination of both natural and social environment. Geopolitical environment system is a gigantic and complex system which consists of physical element (e.g. topography, geomorphology, water and land resources, meteorological conditions, etc.) and social economic elements (society, ethic, culture, politics etc.). The research of the geopolitical environment system simulation is a scientific support to the understanding of the international geostrategic dynamics and successfully implement the national strategy. In recent years, the connotation and extension of the geopolitical environment system research have changed dramatically due to the international geo-strategic shift, the global economy and technical progress. This paper presents a review of the origin and development of the geopolitical theory, from classical geopolitics before World War Two to the geopolitics during the cold war period, and the geopolitical researches in post-cold war era. The integration of geopolitics and earth system sciences has brought new advances both in the disciplines and methodology in these areas. The key issues of the simulation of the geopolitical environment system include the dynamic changes of the geopolitical factors, the interaction and adaption of the multiple geopolitical environment factors, methods for establishing the geopolitical environment system and virtual geographical environment techniques. The results indicated that faced with these complicated nonlinear problems like "geopolitical environment system", the hierarchical, reasonable generalization of the model and the numerical approximation methods can achieve the results of quantitative analysis for specific geopolitical issues. Meanwhile, the big data technology is increasingly providing a new paradigm for the studies of geopolitical system. By the methods of heterogeneous data mining, machine learning and high-performance computing, it is expected to explore the associated relationships among the elements contained in the geopolitical environment system to forecast and intervene in the geopolitical environment system evolution, and to provide a new technical method for the solutions to geopolitical issues. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.},
author_keywords={Geo-economics;  Geopolitical environment system;  Geopolitical events;  Geopolitics;  Spatio-temporal simulation},
keywords={Big data;  Computation theory;  Data mining;  Economics;  Learning systems;  Military operations;  Numerical methods, Environment systems;  Geopolitical events;  Geopolitics;  Heterogeneous data minings;  High performance computing;  Meteorological condition;  Spatio-temporal simulation;  Virtual geographical environments, Virtual reality, Cold War;  environmental factor;  geopolitics;  global economy;  machine learning;  mathematical analysis;  post-Cold War;  quantitative analysis;  socioeconomic conditions;  spatiotemporal analysis},
funding_details={Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences, CAS},
funding_text 1={Major Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.ZDRW-ZS-2016-6.},
references={Erickson, A.S., Goldstein, L.N., Li, N., (2014) China, the United States, and 21st Century Sea Power, , Beijing: China Ocean Press; Hu, Z., Lu, D., The re-interpretation of the classical geopolitical theoriesfrom a critical geopolitical perspective (2015) Acta Geographica Sinica, 70 (6), pp. 851-863; Pan, Z., Huang, R., China's geopolitical and security strategy (2011) Journal of Social Sciences, (10), pp. 4-11; Bob Work, The Third U.S. offset strategy and its implications for partners and allies http://www.defense.gov/News/Speeches/Speech-View/Article/606641/the-third-us-offset-strategy-and-its-implications-for-partners-and-allies; (2016), http://news.jxnews.com.cn/system/2016/01/04/014590917.shtml, (accessed on June 1); Lu, D., Development of geographical sciences and research on global change in China (2011) Acta Geographica Sinica, 66 (2), pp. 147-156; Huang, B., On erath system science and sustainable development strategy (I) (1996) Acta Geographica Sinica, 51 (4), pp. 350-354; Global Change: The opportunities and challenge of China (1988) The Strategic Research Report of Prior Financed Area in the National Nature Science Foundation of China, pp. 1-23. , The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing: High Education Press and Springer; Chen, P., IGBP: Global change research (1987) Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 (2), pp. 206-211; Sun, J., Development and prospects of res-Informatics (2005) Resources Science, 27 (3), pp. 2-8; Zheng, D., Chen, S., Progress and disciplinary frontiers of geographical research (2001) Advance in Earth Sciences, 16 (5), pp. 599-605; Qin, D., Climate change science and sustainable development (2014) Progress in Geography, 33 (7), pp. 874-883; Rosswall, T., The international geosphere-biosphere programme: A study of global change (IGBP) (1992) Environmental Geology, 20 (2), pp. 77-78; Greenslade, D., Berkhout, F., Future Earth-Research for Global Sustainability (2014) EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 16, p. 3438; Future Earth: research for global sustainability (2016), http://www.futureearth.org/, accessed on June 1; Cohen, S.B., (2014) Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations, , Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press; Cederman, L.E., Endogenizing geopolitical boundaries with agent-based modeling (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy, 99, pp. 7296-7303; Kong, X., Analyze on ways of geopolitics affecting a state's security strategy (2010) World Regional Studies, 19 (2), pp. 19-26; Chen, S., On the geopolitics and geoeconomicsin the game between countries (2009) Wuhan University of Technology (Social Science Edition), 22 (3), pp. 36-40; Mahan, A.T., (2006) The Influence of Sea Power upon History, , Beijing: The People's Liberation Army Press; de Seversky, A., (1950) Air Power: Key to Survial, , New York: Simon and Schuster Press; Spykman, N., (1965) The Geography of the Peace, , Beijing: The Commercial Press; Kissinger, H., (2012) Big Diplomacy, , Hainan: Hainan Press; Brzezinski, Z., (2012) Big Chess: U.S. Primacy and its Geopolitical Strategy, , Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House; Luttwak, E.N., (1993) The Endangered American Dream: How to Stop United States Becoming A Third Country and How to Win the Geo-economic Struggle for Industrial Supremacy, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Huntington, S.P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (2013), Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House; Mao, H., Geopolitical and geoeconomic situation in the surrounding areas and China's strategies (2013) Progress in Geography, 33 (3), pp. 289-302; Kaplan, R.D., (2013) The Revenge of Geography, , Han Pu trans. 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Part 1: prediction of geopolitical events (2015) GeoJournal, 80 (5), pp. 653-678; Desmet, K., Breton, M.L., Ortuño-Ortín, I., The stability and breakup of nations: A quantitativeanalysis (2011) Journal of Economy Growth, 16, pp. 183-213; Big data for development: Challenges & opportunities http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/Bigdataofordevelopment, (accessed on June 10, 2016); Mayer-Schonberger, V., Cukier, K., (2013) Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think, , Eamon Dolan: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; Ndez-Delgado, M., Cernadas, E., Barro, S., Do we need hundreds of classifiers to solve real world classification problems? (2014) Journal of Machine Learning Research, 15, pp. 3133-3181; Liu, Q., Deng, M., Wang, J., Spatio-Temporal outliers detection within the space-time framework (2011) Journal of Remote Sensing, 15 (3), pp. 457-474; Funke, M., Schularick, M., Trebesch, C., Going to extremes: Politics after financial crises, 1870-2014 (2015) European Economic Review, 88, pp. 227-260; Noguera-Santaella, J., Geopolitics and the oil price (2016) Economic Modeling, 52, pp. 301-309; Wang, Y., Analysis of geopolitical effects for information technology (2011) Information Sciences, 29 (4), pp. 592-595; Muñoz, B., García-Verdugo, J., San-Martín, E., Quantifying the geopolitical dimension of energy risks: A tool for energy modeling and planning (2015) Energy, 82, pp. 479-500},
correspondence_address1={Jiang, D.; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, China; email: jiangd@lreis.ac.cn},
publisher={Science Press},
issn={03755444},
language={Chinese},
abbrev_source_title={Dili Xuebao/Acta Geogr. Sin.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pan20171,
author={Pan, S.-Y. and Lo, J.T.-Y.},
title={Re-conceptualizing China's rise as a global power: a neo-tributary perspective},
journal={Pacific Review},
year={2017},
volume={30},
number={1},
pages={1-25},
doi={10.1080/09512748.2015.1075578},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939493822&doi=10.1080%2f09512748.2015.1075578&partnerID=40&md5=59bb1e16fb4268aed9fbaf5ae4462e17},
affiliation={Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Loping Road, Taipo, New Territories, Hong Kong},
abstract={Two analytical perspectives–conventional wisdom derived from warlordism and European colonialism, and soft-power concepts drawn from post-Cold-War American international relations–are prevalent lenses for analysing China's global rise. However, neither considers the role of the past in shaping China's contemporary diplomacy. This paper fills the gap of this under-researched area by providing an alternative perspective featuring analytic categories rooted in China's tributary tradition. It proposes a neo-tributary framework for systematically interpreting historical Chinese mentalities and strategies embedded in China's contemporary power strategy. © 2015 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={China;  global power;  International relations;  neo-tributary;  rising power;  tributary system},
keywords={global economy;  international relations;  political power;  post-Cold War, China},
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publisher={Routledge},
issn={09512748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pac. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor2017909,
title={Introduction to Part XIV},
journal={Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts: Third Edition},
year={2017},
pages={909-910},
doi={10.4324/9781315126647-72},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139635016&doi=10.4324%2f9781315126647-72&partnerID=40&md5=181dd9269a5f50e60278ef4e7818c3ac},
abstract={The role of corruption payments by exporters in foreign countries has achieved unprecedented public attention as the rise of the global economy and the internationalization of markets have replaced the Cold War as issues of relevance to elites and masses around the world. This part introduction presents some of the key concepts discussed in the next subsequent chapters of this book. It examines how the discovery of much greater levels of public corruption in many Western European countries was triggered by the increased activism of public prosecutors and investigating magistrates. The part demonstrates how the fight for greater autonomy by public prosecutors was a prerequisite for the development and growth of the mani puliti revelations and prosecutions. It also demonstrates how public pressure helped persuade both governments and business groups to accept commitments to combat international bribery. © 2002 by Taylor and Francis. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351498975; 0765807610; 9780765807618},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts: Third Edition},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Williams2017371,
author={Williams, M.},
title={Global economic institutions},
journal={An Introduction to International Relations, Third edition},
year={2017},
pages={371-384},
doi={10.1017/9781316855188.027},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139285422&doi=10.1017%2f9781316855188.027&partnerID=40&md5=40f5de2d170bb88bbdf19bbc53e9d044},
affiliation={School of Social Sciences and International Studies, University of New South Wales, Australia},
abstract={This chapter explores the role of three global economic institutions (GEIs) in contemporary economic governance: the International Monetary Fund, (IMF), the World Bank and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The impact of GEIs on states and societies is complex, and widely varying assessments of the performance of these organisations can be found in the literature. The first part of the chapter discusses global governance and globalisation, and examines competing perspectives on international organisations given the absence of theoretical consensus on the roles and functions of international economic organisations. Controversies over the role of the GEIs in the global economy have focused on the economic impact of their activities and their representative nature as institutions of governance. The second part of the chapter therefore explores the historical evolution of the IMF, World Bank and WTO as they have adapted to the challenges of an evolving global economy. In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), there has been renewed speculation concerning the continuing relevance of key international economic institutions. The third section of the chapter therefore focuses on key challenges facing the GEIs in the wake of the GFC. The three global economic institutions discussed in this chapter owe their existence to the creation of a multilateral economic order after the end of World War II. This commitment to a multilateral order based on liberal economic principles has been called into question since the GFC. It has been argued that ‘multilateral institutions and the aspirations for them have not matched the pace of global change or new rationales for multilateral engagement emerging from global challenges’ (Adams and Luchsinger 2012: 10). In this context, it is pertinent to note that the heads of key global economic institutions have intervened in this debate. For example Pascal Lamy, then the Director- General of the WTO, warned in 2012 that multilateralism is at a crossroads. Either it advances in the spirit of shared values and enhanced co-operation, or we will face a retreat from multilateralism, at our own peril. Without global cooperation on finance, security, trade, the environment and poverty reduction, the risks of division, strife and war will remain dangerously real. (Lamy 2012). © Richard Devetak, Anthony Burke, Jim George 2007.},
references={Helleiner, E., (2014) Forgotten foundations of Bretton Woods: International development and the making of the postwar order, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; An important corrective to the orthodox narrative about the establishment of the Bretton Woods institutions; Moschella, M., Weaver, C., (2014) Handbook of global economic governance, , Abingdon: Routledge; A useful compendium of articles written by leading specialists; Narlikar, A., Daunton, M., Stern, R.M., (2014) The Oxford handbook on the World Trade Organization, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; A collection of chapters with a focus on the political economy of the WTO; Woods, N., (2006) The globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank and their borrowers, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Examines the effects of IMF and World Bank lending in Africa, Mexico and Russia},
correspondence_address1={Williams, M.; School of Social Sciences and International Studies, Australia},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781316855188; 9781316631553},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={An Introduction to International Relations, Third edition},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kugiel2017127,
author={Kugiel, P. and Upadhyay, D.K.},
title={India and Central and Eastern Europe: Post-Cold War Engagement},
journal={International Studies},
year={2017},
volume={54},
number={1-4},
pages={127-143},
doi={10.1177/0020881718790165},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138678096&doi=10.1177%2f0020881718790165&partnerID=40&md5=527f028397c31543d290a11d5fe5e1a9},
affiliation={Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM), Warsaw, Poland; Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), Sapru House, New Delhi, India},
abstract={The end of the Cold War and subsequent geo-political developments had transformative impact on India’s relations with the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Consequently, India and CEE countries recalibrated their foreign policies, but changed external orientations did not augment their bilateral relationships. Their political interactions became less frequent and economic linkages relatively modest. Despite a positive mutual perception, cultural and people-to-people contacts are not so vibrant and extensive. Since the 1990s, India and CEE have registered reasonably impressive economic growth. They have been pursuing economic reforms and taking initiatives for building digital and physical infrastructure for facilitating further growth and development and greater integration with the global economy. Therefore, an urge for enhancing India–CEE partnership now seems gradually gaining momentum, and positive measures, new synergies have been evolving. India’s multiple programmes ranging from ‘Make in India’, ‘Clean India’ to Skill India’ offer opportunities for enhancing cooperation. While taking a brief account of historical relationship between India and the CEE, the article analyses contemporary status of their relations. Finally, it examines the untapped potential of India–CEE cooperation, major challenges and prospective policy orientations. © 2018 Jawaharlal Nehru University.},
author_keywords={Central and eastern Europe;  economic & political transition;  European integration;  ‘Make in India’},
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Retrieved from; (2015) Export-import data bank, , http://commerce.nic.in/, Retrieved from; (2015) India, Poland set trade target of $5 billion by, , http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-india-poland-set-trade-target-of-5-billion-by-2018-2096140, June, 16, 2018, (,)., Retrieved from; Eddy, M., China wants more trade with Central and Eastern Europe (2012) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/business/global/china-wants-more-trade-with-central-and-eastern-europe.html, April, 26, (,)., Retrieved from; (2014) Trade in goods with India; (2012) European tourism in 2012: Trends & prospects, , July, (,)., (Quarterly Report Q2/2012). Brussels; (2015) International trade dataset, , http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/newxtweb/, Retrieved from; E-tourist visa to be extended to 150 countries by The Economic Times, , https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/visa-and-immigration/e-tourist-visa-to-be-extended-to-150-countries-by-march-31/articleshow/48487294.cms, March, 31, (.)., Retrieved from; (2014) The first India–Central Europe business forum: The outcome report, , http://www.ficci-indiace-businessforum.com/, 27–28, March, New Delhi, 2014, Retrieved from; Goyal, T.M., Mukherjee, A., Indian investment in Eastern Europe: Prospects, issues and the way forward (2012) CARIM-India RR 2012/18, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), European University Institute, , http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/24840/CARIM-India_RR2012-18.pdf?sequence=1, 2012, Retrieved from; Hockenos, P., The EU’s success story in Central Europe (2014) Aljazeera, , http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/5/central-europe-europeanunionukraineeconomydemocracywar.html, May, 6, (,)., Retrieved from; Ikemoto, S., (2005) Japanese investments in the Central and Eastern Europe—In the case of Czech Republic, , http://www.eco.nihon-u.ac.jp/assets/files/35ikemoto.pdf, Retrieved from; (2016) List of centres, , http://iccr.gov.in/content/list-centres, Retrieved from; (2017) Vice President Hamid Ansari to visit Armenia, Poland from April 24, April 20, , http://indianexpress.com/article/india/vice-president-hamid-ansari-to-visit-armenia-poland-from-april-24-4621415/, Retrieved from; Kugiel, P., India on the Ukraine crisis: Wait and see (2014) Bulletin PISM, 59 (654), pp. 1-2. , May, 6; Kugiel, P., (2016) V4 goes global: Exploring opportunities and obstacles in the Visegrad countries: Cooperation with Brazil, India, China and South Africa, , Warsaw, Polish Institute of International Affairs, (Ed; Kugiel, P., Pędziwiatr, K., (2014) The Indian diaspora and Poland–India relations, pp. 1-36. , (PISM Report,., –,). Warsaw; Kundu, N.D., (2016) India–Russia relationship: Past, present and future. Expert Opinion, , http://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/india-russia-relationship-past-present-future/, Valdai Discussion Club, June, 14, Retrieved from; (2016) Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Quatrely Factsheet, Fact Sheet on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), , http://dipp.nic.in/English/Publications/FDI_Statistics/2016/FDI_FactSheet_JanuaryFebruaryMarch2016.pdf, April, March, March, 2000 2016 2016, From, to, Updated to, Retrieved from; (2012) Annual Report 2011–2012, , New Delhi, Government of India; (2016) India–Hungary joint statement during the visit of Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Mr. Petter Szijjarto, to India, , 4–6, July, New Delhi, 2016, from, [Press Release]; (2015) Poland–India diplomatic relations discussed in Warsaw [MFA Press Office], , http://www.msz.gov.pl/en/news/poland_india_diplomatic_relations_discussed_in_warsaw;jsessionid=95C73C2D7095C197AFC2D821B6AA4C40.cmsap2p, April, 27,)., Warsaw. Retrieved from; (2012) Population of overseas Indians, , http://moia.gov.in/writereaddata/pdf/NRISPIOS-Datnew.pdf, May, (,)., Retrieved from; (2014) India tourism statistics 2013, , New Delhi; Mohan, A., India and Central Europe: A road less travelled (2013) Focus article, , http://mea.gov.in/in-focus-article.htm?21946/India+and+Central+Europe+a+road+less+travelled, July, 16, (,)., Ministry of External Affairs. Retrieved from; (2016) Hungary supports India’s bid to become NSG member, , July, 5, New Delhi, (, a; (2016) India seeks EU’s cooperation to counter terrorism, , July, 5, New Delhi, (, b; Olshany, A., India and CMEA (1998) India and the socialist world: New trends in trade and economic cooperation, , Bhatia Vinod, (ed), New Delhi, Panchsheel Publishers, (Ed; (2016) Make in India Week concludes on a high note showcasing India’s manufacturing prowess, , http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=136539, February, 18, (,)., Retrieved from; Ramachandran, S., Hungary will cement ties with India through trade, says Minister (2012) The Hindu, , http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3412788.ece, May, 13, (,)., New Delhi. Retrieved from; Tharoor, S., (2012) PaxIndica: India and the world of the 21st century, , New Delhi, Penguin Books; (2016) India rekindles bond with Hungary, , http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/India-rekindles-bond-with-Hungary/article16073265.ece, October, 17, (,)., Retrieved from; (2014) Czech Republic is center for Japanese investment in Central Europe, , http://www.worldeyereports.com/reports/article/czech-republic-is-center-for-japanese-investment-in-central-europe/, January, 23, (,)., Retrieved from; (2016) ‘16+1’ mechanism opens up new chapter of China–CEE cooperation, , http://english.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/11/07/content_281475485506400.htm, November, 7, (,)., Retrieved from; (2015) Poland, Punjab sign agri, food processing partnerships, , http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Poland-Punjab-sign-agri-food-processing-partnerships/articleshow/49578051.cms, October, 29, (,)., Retrieved from; Tulmets, E., (2014) East Central European foreign policy identity in perspective: Back to Europe and the EU’s neighbourhood, , New York, Palgrave Macmillan; (2015) Global flow of tertiary-level students, , http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx, Retrieved from},
correspondence_address1={Upadhyay, D.K.; Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), India; email: dinoj.upadhyay@gmail.com},
publisher={Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd},
issn={00208817},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kawato2017559,
author={Kawato, A.},
title={The Soviet Union: A Player in the World Economy?},
journal={Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-1991: Classic and Contemporary Issues},
year={2017},
pages={559-573},
doi={10.4324/9781315130101-24},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137887380&doi=10.4324%2f9781315130101-24&partnerID=40&md5=2de14f1d0a1b752a70874268f18abdcf},
abstract={This chapter evaluates the opportunities which exist to incorporate the Soviet Union into the global economy and the obstacles standing in the way of this. The Soviet Union’s desire to play a more active role in the world economy seems to be genuine, and such a development will be welcomed in the West if the necessary improvements in its economy are brought about in a fair manner. The economy of the Western world is undergoing possibly one of the most profound transformations experienced since World War II. In an economic environment, the Soviet Union is in an awkward position since the source of its power has traditionally been military rather than economic strength. Marketization of the economy and the introduction of competition can be effected where there is flexibility on the supply side: if the supply of materials is tight or centralized, firms will not be able to react quickly to a shift in the market. © 1991 by Taylor and Francis.},
references={(1986) Lzvestiya, , 21 Sept; (1984) Trud, , 28 Aug; (1987) Pravda, , 8 March; (1986) I zvestiya, , 12 Oct; (1987) Lzvestiya, , 18 Dec; (1988) Vneshnyaya torgovlya, p. 11; (1988) Vneshnyaya torgovlya, p. 3; (1988) Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, p. 51; (1988) Vneshnyaya torgovlya, p. 3; (1986) Pravda, , 10 March; (1989) Vedomosti Pravitel’stva, , SSSRL; (1988) Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, p. 51; (1988) Nihon keizan sinbun, , 24 Nov},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351488594; 9780202241715},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-1991: Classic and Contemporary Issues},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Summers201747,
author={Summers, L.H.},
title={International financial crises: Causes, prevention and cures},
journal={Economic Globalization in Asia},
year={2017},
pages={47-63},
doi={10.4324/9781315257051-11},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082276251&doi=10.4324%2f9781315257051-11&partnerID=40&md5=ac7de4f9374d62f4a04a1793c8ae2512},
affiliation={Harvard University, United States},
abstract={I am sometimes asked by friends about the difference between academic life and life as a public official. There are many. But two stand out. First, as an academic, the gravest sin one can commit is to sign one’s name to something one did not write. As a public official it is a mark of effectiveness to do so as often as possible. Second as an academic, if a problem is too hard and does not admit of a satisfactory solution, there is an obvious response: Work on a different problem. I have been reminded of this often in recent years as we grappled with financial crisis in a number of what had been considered emerging markets with unrestrained futures. Anyone who doubts the social importance of what, economists do should consider debates surrounding these crises. Hundreds of millions of people who expected rapidly rising standards of living have seen their living standards fall; hundreds and thousands if not millions of children have been forced to drop out of school and go to work; hundreds of billions of dollars of apparent wealth has been lost; the stability of large nations as nations has been called into question; and the United States has made its largest nonmilitary foreign-policy related financial commitments since the Marshall Plan, Almost all of the issues involved in understanding, preventing, mitigating these crises are the stuff of economic courses and research: Fixed versus flexible exchange rates, moral hazard and multiple equilibria, speculation and liquidity, fiscal and monetary policies, regulation and competition. What economists think, say, and do has profound implications for the lives of literally billions of other fellow citizens. Whether it is discussing the role of derivatives in signaling exchange-rate commitments with Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji, or discussing the an NBER working paper on inflation targeting with the Brazilian central bank governor Arminiofraga, or discussing alternative approaches to bankruptcy law with Indonesia’s economic team, or optimal debt durations with the Mexican authorities, I am consistently struck by the impact of the kind of research discussed at the ABA meetings. The future well-being of the world’s people in larger part will depend on how the ongoing process of global integration works out. This is a strong statement, but one that is supported by the global economy’s post-World War Ifailure and its post-W orld War II success. Central to global integration is financial integration: The flow of funds and of capital across international borders. And as the events of the late 1920s and early 1930s reminds us, central to global disintegration can be international financial breakdowns. I want to reflect on the issue of global financial integration in the light of the dramatic and largely unpredicted events of recent years. It is perhaps a good time for reflection. There has been enough repair that priority can shift from immediate crisis management, but the crises are sufficiently recent that the sense of urgency that they create to improve the system has not been lost. I shall address four issues: What it means to have an efficient financial system, highlighting the important fact that accident prevention is only one aspect of how that system performs. © 2005 Partha Gangopadhyay and Manas Chatterji.},
references={Aghion, P., Baneijee, A., Bachetta, P., (1999) A Simple Model of Monetary Policy and Currency Crisis, , Mimeo, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1999; Berg, A., Pattillo, C., (1998) Are Currency Crises Predictable? A Test, , International Monetary Fund (Washington, DC) Working Paper No. 98/154, December 1998; Bhagwati, J., The Capital Myth (1998) Foreign Affairs, , May/June; Calvo, G., (1998) Capital Flows and Capital-Market Crises: The Simple Economics of Sudden Stops, , Memeo, University of Maryland, July; Chang, R., Valasco, A., (1998) The Asian Liquidity Crisis, , National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 6796, November (1999), ‘Liquidity Crises in Emerging Markets: Theory and Policy.’; Corsetti, G., Presenti, P., Roubini, N., What caused the Asian Currency and Financial Crisis? (1999) Japan and the World Economy, pp. 305-373. , September; Corsetti, G., Presenti, P., Roubini, N., Paper Tigers? A Model of the Asian Crisis (1999) European Economic Review, 43 (7), pp. 1211-1236; Corsetti, G., Presenti, P., Roubini, N., (1999) Fundamental Determinants of the Asian Crisis. The Role of Financial Fragility and External Imbalances.’, , Unpublished manuscript. Yale University; (1999) Economic Report of the President, , Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; (1999) Safeguarding Prosperity in a Global Financial System: The Future International Financial Architecture, , Report of an Independent Task Force sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC; Diamond, D., Dybvig, P., Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity (1989) Journal of Political Economy, 91 (3), pp. 401-419; Dombusch, R., Park, Y.C., Claessens, S., (2000) Contagion: How It Spreads and How It Can Be Stopped?, , Unpublished manuscript, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January; Eichengreen, B., (1997) Toward A New International Financial Architecture: A Practical Post-Asia Aagenda, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; Eichengreen, B., Rose, A., (1998) The Empirics of Currency and Banking Crises, , Mimeo, University of Califomia-Berkeley, 1998; Feldstein, M., (1999) Self-Protection for Emerging Market Economies, , National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 6907, January; Frankel, J., Rose, A., Currency Crashes in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Treatment (1996) Journal of International Economics, November, 41 (3-4), pp. 351-366; Goldfajin, I., Valdes, R.O., (1998) The Twin Crisis and the Role of Liquidity, , Mimeo, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC; Goldfajin, I., Valdes, R.O., (1999) Liquidity Crisis and International Architecture, , Unpublished manuscript, Central Bank of Chile, Santiago, July; Goldstein, M., (1998) The Asian Financial Crisis: Causes, Cures and Systemic Implications, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1998; Goldstein, M., Kaminsky, G., Reinhart, C., (1999) Assessing Financial Vulnerability: An Early Warning System for Emerging Markets, , Mimeo, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC; Jeanne, O., (1999) Sovereign Debt Crisis and the Global Financial Architecture, , Unpublished manuscript. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, November; Jeanne, O., Wyplosz, C., (1999) The International Lender of Last Resort: How Large is Large Enough?, , Mimeo, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, September 1999; Johnson, S., Boone, P., Breach, A., Friedman, E., Corporate Governance in the Asian Financial Crisis (2000) Journal of Financial Economics, , (forthcoming); Kaminsky, G., Reinhart, C., The Twin Crisis: The Causes of Banking and Balance-of-Payments Problems (1999) American Economic Review, 89 (3), pp. 473-500. , June; Krugman, P., (1998) What Happened to Asia?, , Unpublished manuscript, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January; Krugman, P., Balance Sheets, the Transfer Problem, and Financial Crisis (1999) International Finance and International Crises: Essays in Honor of Robert Flood, Jr, , Peter Isard, Assaf Razin, and Andrew K. Rose, eds, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund; McKinnon, R., Pill, H., Credible Liberalization and International Capital Flows: The Overborrowing Syndrome (1996) Financial Deregulation and Integration in East Asia, pp. 7-42. , T. Ito and A. O. Krueger, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Morris, S., Shin, H.S., Unique Equilibrium in a Model of Self-Fulfilling Currency Attacks (1998) American Economic Review, 88 (3), pp. 587-597. , June 1998; Prisker, M., (2000) The Channels for Financial Contagion, , Unpublished manuscript, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC, January 2000; Rodrik, D., Velasco, A., (1999) Short-Term Capital Flows, , National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 7364, September; Rogoff, K., International Institute for Reducing Global Financial Instability (1999) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (4), pp. 21-42. , Fall 1999; Sachs, J., Radelet, S., (1998) The Onset of the East Asian Financial Crisis, , National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 6680, August 1998; Sachs, J., Radelet, S., (1999) What have We Learned, Sofar, from the East Asian Financial Crisis?, , Mimeo, Harvard University, January; Sachs, J., Tomell, A., Velasco, A., Financial Crisis in Emerging Markets: The Lessons from 1995 (1996) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1996 (1), pp. 147-198; Summers, L.H., (1999) The Right Kind of IMF for a Stable Global Financial System, , Speech presented at the London School of Business, London, U.K., 14 December; Summers, L.H., Summers, V.P., When Financial Markets Work Too Well: A Cautious Case for a Securities Transaction Tax (1989) Journal of Financial Services Research, 3 (2-3), pp. 261-286; Wallace, N., Another Attempt to Explain and Illiquid Banking System: The Diamond at Dybvig Model with Sequential Services Taken Seriously (1998) Federal Reserve Bank Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 12 (4), pp. 3-16. , Fall; Zeckhauser, R., The Muddled Responsibilities of Public and Private America (1986) American Society: Public and Private Responsibilities, pp. 45-77. , Winthrop Knowlton and Richard Zeckhause eds, Cambridge, MA: Balling; Zettelmeyer, J., (1999) On the Short-Run Effectiveness of Official Crisis Lending, , Unpublished manuscript, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, December},
correspondence_address1={Summers, L.H.; Harvard UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351941907; 9780754641148},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Economic Globalization in Asia},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Pinkney20171,
author={Pinkney, R.},
title={The frontiers of democracy: Challenges in the west, the east and the third world},
journal={The Frontiers of Democracy: Challenges in the West, the East and the Third World},
year={2017},
pages={1-213},
doi={10.4324/9781351146685},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082252341&doi=10.4324%2f9781351146685&partnerID=40&md5=974b32b3f369f09ffc2b0a333e5df2bf},
affiliation={Northumbria University, United Kingdom},
abstract={Focusing in particular on the past decade, this enlightening volume explores the changing fortunes of democracy in the West, South East Asia and the Third World. It highlights the contrast between the expansion of democracy in quantitative terms, and the problems in maintaining or improving the quality of democracy. It examines such threats to democracy as public apathy, media trivialization, the power of big business and consumerism in the West, powerful states in South East Asia, and poverty and weak government in Africa, as well as the ubiquitous challenges of the global economy and the ‘war on terrorism’. The author argues that a continued decline or stalling of democracy is not inevitable, but that it will require considerable human effort to claim or reclaim the political sphere. © Robert Pinkney 2005.},
references={Abrahamsen, R., (2000) Disciplining Democracy, , Zed Press, London; Abrahamsen, R., Williams, P., Britain and Southern Africa: A “Third Way” or Business as Usual? (2002) Globalization and Emerging Trends in African States, pp. 307-328. , in K.W. Adar and R. Ajulu (eds),, Ashgate, Aldershot; Adar, K.W., Ajula, R., Globalization and Emerging Trends in African States, , Ashgate, Aldershot; (1999) The Santo Domingo Declaration, , ACP, Brussels; Aglionby, J., Malaysian Court Frees Dissident Ex-Deputy PM (2004) The Guardian, p. 21. , Manchester, 3 September; Aggrey-Fynn, M., The Management of District Assembly Funds (1995) Daily Graphic, p. 5. , Accra, 10 August; Aguero, F., Stark, J., (1998) Fault Lines of Democratization in Post-Transition Latin America, , North-South Center Press, Miami; Agyeman-Duah, B., Ghana 1982-6: The Politics of the PNDC (1987) Journal of Modern African Studies, 25 (4), pp. 613-642; Ake, C., (1996) Democracy and Development in Africa, , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; Allen, K., Why Pick on Robert Mugabe? (2003) The Guardian, p. 28. , Manchester, 5 December; Allison, L., On the Gap Between Theories of Democracy and Theories of Democratization (1994) Democratization, 1 (1), pp. 8-26. , Spring; Amaza, O.O., (1998) The Long March, , Fountain Publications, Kampala; Apter, D.E., (1961) The Political Kingdom in Uganda, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Axford, B., (1995) The Global System, , Polity Press, Cambridge; Axtmann, R., (2001) Balancing Democracy, , Continuum, London; Barber, B., (1996) Jihad versus McWorld, , Ballantine Press, New York; Barber, B., Challenges to Democracy in an Age of Globalisation (2001) Balancing Democracy, pp. 295-311. , in R. Axtmann (ed.),, Continuum, London; Barber, B., Can Democracy Survive Globalisation (2002) Government and Opposition, 35 (3), pp. 275-301. , Summer; Baregu, M., The Rise and Fall of the One-Party State in Tanzania (1994) Economic Change and Political Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 158-181. , in J. Widner (ed.),, Johns Hopkins University Press, London; Barkan, J.D., (1994) Beyond Capitalism Versus Socialism in Kenya and Tanzania, , Lynne Rienner, London; Barrow, O., Jennings, M., (2001) The Charitable Impulse: NGOs and Development in East and North-East Africa, , James Currey, Oxford; Bastian, S., Luckham, R., (2003) Can Democracy be Designed?, , Zed Books, London; Beetham, D., Political Participation, Mass Protest and Representative Democracy (2003) Parliamentary Affairs, 56, pp. 597-609; Beetham, D., Bracking, S., Kearton, I., Weir, S., (2002) International IDEA Handbook on Democracy Assessment, , Kluwer International, London; Bell, D., (1965) The End of Ideology, , Free Press, New York; Bello, W., Washington and the Demise of ‘Third Wave Democratization (2000) Business World, , 3 April; Beng-Huat, Non-Transformative Politics: Civil Society in Singapore (2003) Civil Society in Asia, pp. 20-39. , in D.C. Schak and W. Hudson (eds),, Ashgate, Aldershot; Berman, M., (2000) The Twilight of American Culture, , W.W. Norton, London; Berman, M., Waiting for the Barbarians (2001) The Guardian, p. 2. , Manchester, Saturday Review, 6 October; Binder, L., (1971) Crises and Sequences in Political Development, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Black, I., Britain Accused of Sacrificing New Court (2002) The Guardian, p. 17. , Manchester, 1 October; Bobbitt, P., (2003) The Shield of Achilles, , Allen Lane, London; Bond, P., (2003) Fanon’s Warning: A Civil Society Reader on the New Partnership for African Development, , Africa World Press, Trenton, NJ; Boron, A., Faulty Democracies: A Reflection on the Capitalist “Fault Lines” in Latin America (1998) Fault Lines of Democratization in Post-Transition Latin America, pp. 41-65. , in F. Aguero and J. 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Park, J. Curtice, J. Thompson, K. Jarvis and C. Bromley (eds),, Sage, London; Brown, P., The Rich Inherit the Sea (1998) The Guardian, p. 19. , Manchester, 16 October; Bujra, A., Adejumobi, S., (2002) Leadership, Civil Society and Democratisation in Africa, , Development, Policy and Management Forum, Addis Ababa; Burnell, P., (2000) Democracy Assistance, , Frank Cass, London; Burnell, P., (2003) Democratization Through the Looking Glass, , Manchester University Press, Manchester; Butler, D.E., (1955) The British General Election of 1955, , Macmillan, Basingstoke; Byamukama, N.M., Underdeveloped Leadership Potential in Civil Society Advocacy in Africa: A Case Study of Human Rights NGOs in Uganda (2002) Leadership, Civil Society and Democratization in Africa, pp. 1-55. , in A. Bujra and S. 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Norton, London},
correspondence_address1={Pinkney, R.; Northumbria UniversityUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351146678; 9780815397762},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Frontiers of Democracy: Challenges in the West, the East and the Third World},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kenny2017121,
author={Kenny, K.E.},
title={From “health for all” to “health as investment:” The role of economic rationalities in the transition from international to global health 1978–2013},
journal={Ethical Economy},
year={2017},
volume={54},
pages={121-131},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-52815-1_13},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067979769&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-52815-1_13&partnerID=40&md5=ce56330beafd353d9ebc650212361d38},
affiliation={Practical Justice Initiative, School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia},
abstract={This chapter examines the role of economic rationalities in the transition from international health to global health since the late 1970s. It focuses, in particular, on the recent rise to prominence of non-communicable diseases on the global health agenda. Once considered to be diseases of affluence, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease have recently come to be seen as a threat to both the global population and the global economy. Strategies to combat the proliferation of NCDs have simultaneous been shown to be particularly cost-effective, making NCD interventions a solid global health investment. This chapter contrasts the current era of global health, in which health is imagined in as a form of human capital and a site of investment with a post-war era of international health during which health was advocated as a human right and public good. Drawing on empirical material including historical documents, published reports and the scientific literature, it argues that the transition from international to global health can be best understood as resulting from the rise of economic rationalities in the field of world health over the last 25 years. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.},
author_keywords={Disability adjusted life year;  Global health;  Human capital;  United nations general;  World development report},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1059102},
funding_details={Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California, San DiegoInstitute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California, San Diego, IGCC},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgements This article draws on dissertation research that received financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant #1059102) and the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation.},
funding_text 2={This article draws on dissertation research that received financial support from the National Science Foundation (Grant #1059102) and the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation.},
references={Anand, S., Hanson, K., Disability-Adjusted Life Years: A Critical Review (1997) Journal of Health Economics, 16 (6), pp. 685-702; Anand, S., Peter, F., Sen, A., (2004) Public Health, Ethics, and Equity, , (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University; Anderson, W., Making Global Health History: The Postcolonial Worldliness of Biomedicine (2014) Social History of Medicine, 272, pp. 372-384; Balabanova, D., Mills, A., Conteh, L., Akkazieva, B., Banteyerga, H., Dash, U., McKee, M., Good Health at Low Cost 25 years on: Lessons for the Future of Health Systems Strengthening (2013) Lancet, 381, pp. 2118-2133; Banta, J.E., From International Health to Global Health (2001) Journal of Community Health, 262, pp. 73-76; Becker, G., Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis (1962) The Journal of Political Economy, 70 (5), pp. 9-49; Becker, G.S., The Economic Way of Looking at Life (1992) Nobel Lectures, pp. 1991-1995. , Economics; Berman, E.P., Not Just Neoliberalism: Economization in US Science and Technology Policy (2013) Science, Technology & Human Values, 393, pp. 397-431; Birn, A.-E., Pillay, Y., Holtz, T.H., (2009) Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World, , 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University; Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Weinstein, C., (2011) The Global Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases, , Geneva: World Economic Forum; Brown, T.M., Cueto, M., Fee, E., The World Health Organization and the Transition from “International” to “Global” Public Health (2006) American Journal of Public Health, 961, pp. 62-72; Çalışkan, K., Callon, M., Economization, Part 1: Shifting Attention from the Economy Towards Processes of Economization (2009) Economy and Society, 383, pp. 369-398; Chorev, N., (2012) The World Health Organization between North and South, , Ithaca: Cornell University; Cueto, M., The Origins of Primary Health Care and Selective Primary Health Care (2004) American Journal of Public Health, 9411, pp. 1864-1874; (1978) International Conference on Primary Health Care, , Alma-Ata, USSR; Fair, M., (2008) From Population Lending to HNP Results: The Evolution of The World Bank’s Strategies in Health, Nutrition and Population, , Washington, DC: The World Bank; Feachem, R.G.A., Kjellstrom, T., Murray, C.J.L., Over, M., Phillips, M.A., (1992) The Health of Adults in the Developing World, , New York/London: Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank; Fourcade, M., The Construction of a Global Profession: The Transnationalization of Economics (2006) American Journal of Sociology, 1121, pp. 145-194; Fourcade, M., The Political Valuation of Life (2009) Regulation & Governance, 3, pp. 291-297; Fourcade-Gourinchas, M., Politics, Institutional Structures, and the Rise of Economics: A Comparative Study (2001) Theory & Society, 30, pp. 397-447; Frenk, J., Bobadilla, J., Sepulveda, J., Cervantes, M.L., Health Transition in Middle Income Countries: New Challenges for Health Care (1989) Health Policy and Planning, 4, pp. 29-39; Fried, L.P., Bentley, M.E., Buekens, P., Burke, D.S., Frenk, J.J., Klag, M.J., Spencer, H.C., Global Health is Public Health (2010) Lancet, 375, pp. 535-537; (2011) From Burden to “Best Buys”: Reducing the Economic Impact of Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-And Middle-Income Countries-Prepared by the World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health, , http://www.weforum.org/EconomicsOfNCD, Available through; Grossman, M., On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health (1972) Journal of Political Economy, 802, pp. 223-255; Grossman, M., The Demand for Health, 30 Years Later: A Very Personal Retrospective and Prospective Reflection (2004) Journal of Health Economics, 234, pp. 629-636; Jamison, D.T., Mosely, W.H., Measham, A.R., Bobadilla, J.L., (1993) Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, , New York: Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank; Kenny, K., The Biopolitics of Global Health: Life and Death in Neoliberal Time (2015) Journal of Sociology, 51 (1), pp. 9-27; Kleinman, A., Four Social Theories for Global Health (2010) The Lancet, 3759, pp. 1518-1519; Koplan, J.P., Bond, T.C., Merson, M.H., Reddy, K.S., Rodriguez, M.H., Sewankambo, N.K., Wasserheit, J.N., Towards a Common Definition of Global Health (2009) Lancet, 3739, pp. 1993-1995; Lakoff, A., Two Regimes of Global Health (2010) Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 1, pp. 59-79; Lakoff, A., Collier, S.J., (2008) Biosecurity Interventions: Global Health and Security in Question, , New York: Columbia University; Lopez, A.D., The Evolution of the Global Burden of Disease Framework for Disease, Injury and Risk Factor Quantification: Developing the Evidence Base for National, Regional and Global Public Health Action (2005) Globalization and Health, 1, p. 5; McCarthy, M., What’s Going on at the World Health Organization? (2002) Lancet, 3609, pp. 1108-1110; McCoy, D., Chand, S., Sridhar, D., Global Health Funding: How Much, Where it Comes from and Where it Goes (2009) Health Policy and Planning, 246, pp. 407-417; McGoey, L., Reiss, J., Wahlberg, A., The Global Health Complex (2011) Biosocieties, 6, pp. 1-9; Mitchell, T., The Work of Economics: How a Discipline Makes its World (2006) European Journal of Sociology, 46, pp. 297-320; Murphy, M., Economization of Life: Calculative Infrastructures of Population and Economy (2013) Relational Ecologies: Subjectivity, Sex, Nature and Architecture, , P. Rawes. London: Routledge; Murphy, M., The Girl: Mergers of Feminism and Finance in Neoliberal Times (2013) The, pp. 531-534. , 11.1–11.2 Spring; Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D., (1996) The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Gactors in 1990 and Projected to 2020, , eds., Boston: Harvard School of Public Health on Behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank; Ruger, J.P., The Changing Role of the World Bank in Global Health (2005) American Journal of Public Health, 95, pp. 60-70; Schultz, T., Investment in Human Capital (1961) The American Economic Review, 51 (1), pp. 1-17; Thomas, C., Weber, M., Whatever Happened to “Health for All by the Year 2000”? (2004) Global Health Governance, 10, pp. 187-205; (2001) Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly, , A/ RES/S-26; (2012) Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly; Wahlberg, A., Rose, N., Global Health and the Governmentalization of Living (2015) Economy and Society, 44, pp. 60-90; Walsh, J.A., Warren, K.S., Selective Primary Health Care: An Interim Strategy for Disease Control in Developing Countries (1979) The New England Journal of Medicine, 301, pp. 967-974; (1980) World Development Report 1980, , Washington, DC: The World Bank; (1993) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health, , Oxford: Oxford University; (2000) World Health Report 2000: Health Systems: Improving Performance, , Geneva, Switzerland},
correspondence_address1={Kenny, K.E.; Practical Justice Initiative, Australia; email: katherine.kenny@unsw.edu.au},
publisher={Springer},
issn={22112707},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ethical Econ.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Lucian20174241,
author={Lucian, B.A. and Rashad, A.},
title={Globalization as the engine of economic and social evolution},
journal={Proceedings of the 30th International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2017 - Vision 2020: Sustainable Economic development, Innovation Management, and Global Growth},
year={2017},
volume={2017-January},
pages={4241-4244},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 30th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Vision 2020: Sustainable Economic development, Innovation Management, and Global Growth, IBIMA 2017 ; Conference Date: 8 November 2017 Through 9 November 2017;  Conference Code:134361},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048679127&partnerID=40&md5=c8e9e10dd8243785531434158f8948d0},
affiliation={University of Economic Studies, Romania},
abstract={This research paper represents a short study on what globalization offered us as main ignitor of growth and advancement. Surpassing social situation like the end of the Cold War and the latest economic crisis represents a self-fulfilling mechanism regarding where the global economy should position itself, but also where it should be headed to. We also try to highlight both sides on global level, the rich with the poor could come together and create a better and a more feasible for the perfectly developed globalization process. © 2017 International Business Information Management Association IBIMA. All Rights Reserved.},
keywords={Economics;  Information management;  Sustainable development, Cold wars;  Economic crisis;  Global economies;  Research papers;  Social evolution, Economic and social effects},
references={Bodislav, D.A., The impact of privatization on regulated energy markets: A Great Britain’s case study in industrial ecology (2015) Progress in Industrial Ecology, 9 (1), pp. 13-18; Bodislav, D.A., The crisis of the economic evolution (2011) Revista Economică, 55 (2), pp. 67-71; Bodislav, D.A., Bran, F., Iovițu, M., A review of globalization process (2014) Review of International Comparative Management, 16 (4), pp. 471-478; Bran, F., Bodislav, D.A., Rădulescu, C.V., Ioan, I., Corporate Governance intervention for a sustainable model (2014) Revista De Cercetare Și Intervenție Socială, (46), pp. 216-226; Global Finance Magazin Data Set –, , https://www.gfmag.com/globaldata/economic-data/worlds-richest-and-poorest-countries, available online at},
correspondence_address1={Rashad, A.; University of Economic StudiesRomania; email: ase@infinitumgroup.com},
editor={Soliman K.S.},
sponsors={},
publisher={International Business Information Management Association, IBIMA},
isbn={9780986041990},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Bus. Inf. Manag. Assoc. Conf., IBIMA - Vis.: Sustain. Econ. Dev., Innov. Manag., Glob. Growth},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jurčić2017655,
author={Jurčić, L.},
title={Global economy ten years after the begining of the crisis [Svjetsko gospodarstvo deset godina nakon početka krize]},
journal={Ekonomski Pregled},
year={2017},
volume={68},
number={6},
pages={655-685},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039557471&partnerID=40&md5=53065b0c42b2c45c77fe79a170b8dce0},
affiliation={Ekonomskom fakultet, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatskog društva ekonomista, Croatia},
abstract={The past decade was marked by the crisis that started showing its signs at the end of 2007. In 2008 it became clear that the crisis will occur and in 2009 crisis reached its full capacity. Having in mind the experience from the Great depression in the 1930s, and crisis following the Second World War, economic science and economic policy started actions to stop the latter crisis. There were diverse reactions by different countries. In general, the world crisis was stopped already in 2010, but consequences will surely exist throughout longer time period. Some of them were evident immediately, such as production and export drop and decrease of employment rate. Some of them haven't been so noticeable at the first glance, such as social consequences and uneven distribution of the crisis burden between different social groups within a country and among different countries. Some consequences have been postponed for the future, such as bonds used for financing some of the crisis costs, that are today rarely traded and with negative interest rates. Croatian policy did not find a way out of the crisis yet. Current positive indicators, such as growth of the gross domestic product, decrease of unemployment, decrease of the public and foreign debt are largely due to circumstances and positive surrounding, and not the economic policy. The fundamental problem of the Croatian economic policy is neglecting the industrial development. There was no transition of the Croatian old and socialist industry into a modern and market oriented industry. Non-existing industrial policy led to collapse of the existing one. In the industrial society that we live in, there is no development without the industrial development. Creating quality jobs starts with creating jobs in modern industries. Croatia does not have such approach nor such policy. The result of it is the lowest employment within EU countries and emigrations of the young generations which are not able to find jobs in Croatia. So economic problem - neglecting the industrial development with the decrease of birthrate has been becoming one of the main political problems - decrease of the population. © 2017, Hrvatsko Drustvo Ekonomista. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic crisis;  Hyper-globalisation;  Industrial development},
references={Družić, G., (2004) Hrvatska Obratnica - Stanje I Perspektive Hrvatskoga Gospodarstva, , Zagreb: Golden Marketing - Tehnička knjiga; (2008) The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development, , International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC: Commission on Growth and Development; (2017) World Economic Outlook, , Washington, DC: IMF, October; (2017) World Employment and Social Outlook:, , Trends 2017. Geneva: ILO; Jurčić, L.J., Časni Čeh, A., (2015) Investicije I Gospodarski Rast U Hrvatskoj, pp. 123-147. , Zbornik radova 23.tradicionalnog savjetovanja Hrvatskog društva ekonomista; Tkalec, M., Vizek, M., „The impact of macroeconomic policies on manufacturing production in Croatia“ (2009) Privredna Kretanja I Ekonomska Politika, 121, pp. 61-92; (2017) Trade and Development Report 2017- beyond Austerity: Towards a Global New Deal, , New York, Geneva: UN},
correspondence_address1={Jurčić, L.; Ekonomskom fakultet, Croatia; email: ljjurcic@efzg.hr},
publisher={Hrvatsko Drustvo Ekonomista},
issn={04247558},
language={Croatian},
abbrev_source_title={Ekon. Pregl.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sárdi201758,
author={Sárdi, G. and Varga, J.},
title={Lessons learnt from the monetary system of Guernsey},
journal={DETUROPE},
year={2017},
volume={9},
number={2},
pages={58-70},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033801293&partnerID=40&md5=9f55849a63bdd94e90b00382cd0ed5fe},
affiliation={Kaposvar University, Doctoral School for Management and Organizational Science, Guba Sándor u. 40, Kaposvár, H-7400, Hungary; Kaposvar University, Faculty of EconomicSciences, Guba Sándor u. 40, Kaposvár, H-7400, Hungary},
abstract={Bailiwick of Guernsey, situated in the English Channel offthe coast of Normandy, just like Jersey and the Isle of Man, is an UK Crown dependency and an autonomous jurisdiction. These Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations nor of the European Union. Furthermore, Guernsey is not part of France nor of the United Kingdom. This atypical status of Guernsey runs back several hundred years: from 1204 the island takes advantage of its special legal status and in general, it has not been managed badly. Despite all this, it cannot be considered as a totally independent, sovereign state. In addition to its special legal status, Guernsey is considered to be special in regard to its money system. According to a very popular story spread across the economic literature, the issuance of Guernsey pound prospered the island as some kind of a magic cure. While it is a considerable part, the current paper emphasize that it was not the only factor. The issuance happened in an economically declining period of Guernsey: after the Napoleonic wars the previous successful economic situation became worse mainly because of the actions of the British authorities that suppressed smuggling, a formerly thriving economic sector of the island. People established their living on this activity were hit hard, but as before, looked for opportunities where their unique status could be used efficiently, and thus, could stabilize their conditions (shipbuilding, vegetable production, tourism, etc.). Guernsey's money system, however, remains an important topic as its way of operation is indeed unusual in the global economy. Whereas money supply in most countries consists primarily of privately issued bank-debt money (about 95%), Guernsey (States of Guernsey) finance its public spending via quasi state issued money since 1817. This type of money system is usually termed as 'public money system' and receives a growing attention nowadays.},
author_keywords={Channel Islands;  Guernsey;  Local money;  Monetary system;  Public money system},
references={Bánóczy, J., (2016) Népipénz a közösségekért, , Budapest: Private release; Benes, J., Kumhof, M., (2012) The Chicago PlanRevisited, , IMF WorkingPaperNo. 12/202; Blanc, J., Classifying 'CCs': Community, complementary and local currencies (2011) The internationaljournal of communitycurrencyresearch, 5, p. 9. , https://ijccr.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/ijccr-2011-special-issue.pdf, (SpecialIssue D4-10), RetrievedJune 22, 2014; Brown, E.H., (2008) Web of debt: The Shocking Truth About Our Money System and How We Can Break Free, , 6th edition, USA: ThirdMillenium Press; Constancio, V., (2016) Challengesforthe European banking industry, , Speechtoconferenceon 'European Banking Industry: What'snext?' at University of Navarra, Madrid.7th July 2016; Drábik, J., (2003) Uzsoracivilizáció II, , http://mek.niif.hu/06800/06897/html/0309.htm, chapter 9.: A pénzrendszerautonómiája. Retrieved December 12, 2016; Dyson, B., Hodgson, G., van Lerven, F., (2016) Sovereign Money: An Introduction, , http://positivemoney.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/SovereignMoney-AnIntroduction-20161214.pdf, Positive Money [pdf]. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2017; Fisher, I., (1935) 100% Money, , New York, NY: AdelphiCompany; Grubiak, O., Grubiak, J., (1960) The Guernsey Experiment, , http://www.conscious.com.au/docs/new/1406_TheGuernseyExperiment.pdf, RetrievedJanuary 4, 2017; Huber, J., Robertson, J., (2000) Creating New Money: A Monetary Reform for the Information Age, , London, New EconomicsFoundation; Johnston, P., (1994) A Short History of Guernsey, , 4thEditon. Guernsey Press Co; Kennedy, M., Lietaer, B., Rogers, J., (2012) People Money: The Promise of Regional Currencies, , United Kingdom: Triarchy Press; King, M., (2010) Banking: From Bagehot to Basel, and Back Again, Speech at Buttonwood Gathering, , New York City, 25 October 2010; King, M., (2016) The End of Alchemy: Money, Banking and theFuture of theGlobalEconomy, , London, Little, Brown. KPMG report commissioned by the; (2016) Money Issuance: Alternative Monetary Systems, , https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/is/pdf/2016/09/KPMG-MoneyIssuance-2016.pdf, Retrieved July 9, 2015; Krohn, G.A., Snyder, A.M., An economic analysis of contemporary local currencies in the United States (2008) International journal of community currency research, p. 12. , https://ijccr.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/ijccrvol122008krohn.pdf, Retrieved December 12, 2016; Lietaer, B., Arnsperger, C., Goerner, S., Brunnhuber, S., (2012) Money and Sustainability: The Missing Link, , United Kingdom: Triarchy Press; Moore, D.W., (2005) The Other British Isles: A History of Shetland, Orkney, the Hebrides, Isle of Man, Anglesey, Scilly, Isle of Wight and the Channel Islands, , North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc; Still, B., (2011) No More National Debt, , 2nd edition. USA: Reinhardt & Still; Tóth, B.I., A helyivalutaszerepe a lokálisgazdaságfejlesztésben: A bajor Chimsee Regiogeld és a soproni Kékfrank-utalvány kezdeményezés (2011) PénzügyiSzemle, 1, pp. 66-77; Turner, A., (2012) Monetary and Financial Stability: Lessons from the Crisis and fromclassiceconomics texts, , Speechat South African Reserve Bank; Turner, A., (2014) Escaping the Debt Addiction, , Speech for Centre for Financial Studies, Frankfurt, 10-Feb 2014; Turner, A., (2015) Between Debt and the Devil: Money, Credit, and Fixing Global Finance, , Princeton, Princeton University Press; Wolf, M., (2014) 'Strip private banks of their power to create money', , Financial Times, 24 April 2014; Wolf, M., (2014) The Shifts and theShocks: WhatWe'veLearned-and HaveStilltoLearn-fromthe Financial Crisis, , London, PenguinBooks; Zádori, I., Csatorna-szigetektörténetilegváltozógazdasági-társadalmikihívásai (2008) Térés Társadalom, 2, pp. 203-228; Zádori, I., Paradicsomtermesztéstolazadóparadicsomig a Csatorna-szigetek gazdasági kihívásai és válasz kísérletei (2010) Szakmai Szemle-A Katonai Biztonsági Hivatal Tudományos Tanácsának Kiadványa, 2, pp. 59-71; Zádori, I., (2011) A Csatorna-szigetek fenntarthatósági kihívásai és gazdasági-politikai válaszkísérletei, , Pécs: Alexandra Kiadó},
publisher={Regional Science Association of Subotica (Drustvo za Regionalne Nauke)},
issn={18212506},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Deturope},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ronald201742,
author={Ronald, R. and Druta, O.},
title={Housing and urban transformations in Japan},
journal={Trends and Issues in Housing in Asia: Coming of an Age},
year={2017},
pages={42-67},
doi={10.4324/9781315114538},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032971696&doi=10.4324%2f9781315114538&partnerID=40&md5=208e7409e511b3df445bd25b4b534996},
affiliation={Centre for Urban Studies, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom},
abstract={Japan occupies a central position among Asian countries as the first to industrialise and, also, then become post-industrial. Its capital, Tokyo, has been an icon of Asian high-speed development, emerging as a world city and a centre of the global economy in the intensive growth era following World War II. In recent decades, however, Japan seems to have entered a new development stage, with the urban housing sector reflecting and reinforcing shifting social and economic conditions. In the post-war years, housing processes drove urbanisation and industrial recovery and formed a bedrock of (sub)urban mainstream (home owning) middleclass social formation. In the 1980s, house and land price inflation were also at the heart of the economic bubble that burst so spectacularly in the 1990s. Since then, economic growth has been slow and markets, especially real estate, more volatile. Meanwhile, social policies have been adapted to reflect, on the one hand, changing socio-demographic pressures featuring social ageing and declining family formation, and on the other, neo-liberal pressures for greater deregulation and privatisation. Both have strongly impacted the supply of and demand for urban housing. © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Urmi Sengupta and Annapurna Shaw; individual chapters, the contributors.},
references={(2011) A Quick View of Housing in Japan: Report., , Tokyo, The Building Center of Japan; Doling, J., Ronald, R., Meeting the Income Needs of Older People in East Asia: Using Housing Equity (2012) Ageing and Society, 32, pp. 471-490; Doling, J., Ronald, R., (2014) Housing East Asia: Socioeconomic and Demographic Challenges, , Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Esping-Andersen, G., Hybrid or Unique?: The Japanese Welfare State between Europe and America (1997) Journal of European Social Policy, 7 (3), pp. 179-189; Fromm, D., Seeding Community: Collaborative Housing as a Strategy for Social and Neighbourhood Repair (2012) Built Environment, 38 (3), pp. 364-394; Fudousan, R., Keiei, K., (2013) Wakamono Sedai no Sumikae Ishiki Chousa, , Report, Tokyo; Kuniko, F., Financial Crises, Japan’s State Regime Shift, and Tokyo’s Urban Policy (2011) Environment and Planning A, 43, pp. 307-327; Hayakawa, K., Japan (1990) International Handbook of Housing Policies and Practices., , W. Van Vliet (ed.), New York: Greenwood; Hill, R.C., Kim, J.W., Global Cities and Developmental States: New York, Tokyo and Seoul (2000) Urban Studies, 37 (12), pp. 2167-2195; Hirayama, Y., Housing Policy and Social Inequality in Japan (2003) Comparing Social Policies: Exploring New Perspectives in Britain and Japan., , M. Izuhara (ed.), Bristol: Polity Press; Hirayama, Y., Running hot and cold in the urban home-ownership market: The experience of Japan’s major cities (2005) Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 20, pp. 1-20; Hirayama, Y., Reshaping the Housing System: Home Ownership as a Catalyst for Social Transformation (2007) Housing and Social Transition in Japan., , Yousuke Hirayama and Richard Ronald (eds.), New York: Routledge; Hirayama, Y., The Role of in Japan’s Aged Society (2010) Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 25, pp. 175-191; Hirayama, Y., The Shifting Housing Opportunities of Younger People in Japan’s Home-Owning Society (2012) Beyond Homeownerhip: Housing Welfare and Society., , Richard Ronald and Marija Elsinga (eds.), New York: Routledge; Hirayama, Y., Housing and Generational Fractures in Japan (2013) Young People and Housing: Transitions, Trajectories and Generational Fractures., , Ray Forrest and Ngai-Ming Yip (eds.), New York: Routledge; Hirayama, Y., (2014) “Minna ga kekkon shite, minna ga ie wok au jidai” ha sude ni owatta: Data kara miru nihon no hinkonna jutaku seisaku, , http://bigissue-online.jp/archives/1004105284.html, Accessed on 28 August 2014; Hirayama, Y., Izuhara, M., Women and Housing Assets in Context of Japan’s Home Owning Democracy (2008) Journal of Social Policy, 37 (4), pp. 641-660; Hirayama, Y., Ronald, R., Introduction, Does the Housing System Matter? (2007) Housing and Social Transition in Japan., , Yousuke Hirayama and Richard Ronald (eds.), New York: Routledge; (2014) National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Jinko Toukei Shiryoushuu: 2014, , www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/tohkei/Popular/Popular2014.asp?chap=0, Latest demographic statistics of 2014, Accessed on 29 September 2015; Izuhara, M., Turning Stock into Cash Flow: Strategies Using Housing Assets in an Ageing Society (2007) Housing and Social Transition in Japan., , Yousuke Hirayama and Richard Ronald (eds.), New York: Routledge; Jacobs, A.J., The Nested Global City Region: Intermunicipal Income Stratification in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, 1980-2007 (2013) Urban Geography, 33 (1), pp. 120-146; Johnson, C., (1982) MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy 1925-1975., , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Kadi, J., Ronald, R., Market-Based Housing Reforms and the “Right to the City”: The Variegated Experiences of New York, Amsterdam and Tokyo (2014) International Journal of Housing Policy, 14 (3), pp. 268-292; Kaneko, R., Attitudes Toward Marriage and the Family Among Japanese Singles: Overview of the Results of the Thirteenth Japanese National Fertility Survey (2008) The Japanese Journal of Population, 6 (1), pp. 51-75; Kemeny, J., Theories of Power in the Three Worlds of Welfare (1995) Journal of European Social Policy, 5 (2), pp. 86-96; Satoshi, K., Housing Elderly People in Japan (1997) Ageing International, pp. 148-164. , Winter/Spring Issue; (2001) Kokumin Seikatsu Kiso Chousa [Basic Survey on the Life of People in Japan]., , Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare; Kumagai, M., A Comparative Analysis of Changes in the Characteristics of Urban Residents in Tokyo and Osaka, 1995-2005 (2012) Urban Scope, 3, pp. 55-71; Lützeler, R., Population Increase and “New-Build Gentrification” in Central Tokyo (2008) Erdkunde, 62 (2), pp. 287-299; Machimura, T., The Urban Restructuring Process in Tokyo in the 1980s: Transforming Tokyo into a World City (1992) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 16 (1), pp. 114-128; Makigami, K., Pinoos, J., The Evolution of Home Modification Programs in Japan (2002) Ageing International, pp. 95-112. , Summer Issue; Maruo, N., The Development of the Welfare Mix in Japan (1986) The Welfare State East and West, pp. 64-79; (1995) Minkan Juutaku Kensetsu Shikin Jittai Chousa [Survey on the Financial Situation in Private home Construction]. Tokyo Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Tourism (MLIT), , www.mlit.go.jp/statistics/file000004.html, Kokudo koutsu hakusho White paper on land and infrastructure Accessed on 29 September 2015; (2012) White Paper on Home Ownership, , http://www.mlit.go.jp/hakusyo/mlit/h24/hakusho/h25/pdfindex.html; (2013) Wakamono no Kurashi to Kokudo Koutsu Gyousei, , White paper, Tokyo; Nakano, L.Y., Working and Waiting for an “Appropriate Person”: How Single Women Support and Resist Family in Japan (2011) Home and Family in Japan, Continuity and Transformations., , Richard Ronald and Allison Alexy (eds.), New York: Routledge; Oizumi, E., Transformations in Housing Construction and Finance (2007) Housing and Social Transition in Japan., , Y. Hirayama and R. Ronald (eds.), London: Routledge; Oumi, K., Kokyo jutaku no saisei to atarashii yakuwari [The Revitalization of Public Housing and Its New Role] (2002) Shoshi korei jidai no toshi jutakugaku: Kazoku to sumai no atarashii kankei [Urban Housing in the Time of Low Fertility and Ageing: The New Relationship between Homes and Families], pp. 164-182. , Moriaki Hirohara, Nobuhiko Iwasaki, and Takada Mitsuo (eds.), Kyoto: Mineruva Shobyo; Platz, A., Living Together Apart: Anticipated Home, Family and Social Networks in Old Age (2011) Home and Family in Japan, Continuity and Transformations., , Richard Ronald and Allison Alexy (eds.), New York: Routledge; Ronald, R., Alexy, A., Continuities and Change in Japanese Homes and Families (2011) Home and Family in Japan, Continuity and Transformations., , Richard Ronald and Allison Alexy (eds.), New York: Routledge; Ronald, R., Doling, J., Shifting East Asian Approaches to Home Ownership and the Housing Welfare Pillar (2010) International Journal of Housing Policy, 10 (3), pp. 233-254; Ronald, R., Hirayama, Y., Home Alone: The Individualization of Young Japanese Singles (2009) Environment and Planning A, 41, pp. 2836-2854; Saito, A., Global City Formation in a Capitalist Developmental State: Tokyo and the Waterfront Sub-Centre Project (2003) Urban Studies, 40 (2), pp. 283-308; Sato, I., Welfare Regime Theories and the Japanese Housing System (2007) Housing and Social Transition in Japan., , Yousuke Hirayama and Richard Ronald (eds.), New York: Routledge; Seko, M., Sumita, K., Effects of Government Policies on Residential Mobility in Japan: Income Tax Deduction System and the Rental Act (2007) Journal of Housing Economics, 16 (2), pp. 167-188; Shirahase, S., Marriage as an Association of Social Classes in a Low Fertility Rate Society: Toward a New Theory of Social Stratification (2010) Social Class in Contemporary Japan, Structures, Sorting and Strategies, pp. 57-84. , Ishida Hiroshi and David H. Slater (eds.), New York: Routledge (Routledge Japanese Studies Series); Sorensen, A., (2002) The Making of Urban Japan, Cities and Planning from Edo to the Twenty-First Century., , New York: Routledge; (2014) Statistics Japan, Population Projections as of 1 October, 2013, , www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/2013np/index.htm, Report, Retrieved 28 August; Takeda, H., Reforming Families in Japan: Family Policy in the Era of Structural Reform (2011) Home and Family in Japan, Continuity and Transformations., , Richard Ronald and Allison Alexy (eds.), New York: Routledge; Tamaki, S., Mochiya shiko to shakuya shiko [Directiveness Towards Owner-Occupied Housing and Rental Housing] (1974) Gendai no sekatsu kukan [Modern Living Space]., , Nishiyama Kenkyushitsu [Nishiyama Research Unit] (ed.), Tokyo: Keiso Shobo; (2014) Tokyo Statistical Yearbook, Household and Housing Statistics, , www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/tn-eindex.htm, Accessed on 29 September 2015; (2014) Tokyo Statistical Year Book, , http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/tn-eindex.htm; Tsubomoto, H., Ouzumi, A., Wakabayashi, Y., Recent development of condominiums and demographic change in Nihonbashi district of Chuo ward, Tokyo (2012) Geographical Reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University, 47, pp. 69-78; Tsukamoto, T., Neoliberalization of the Developmental State: Tokyo’s Bottom-Up Politics and State Rescaling in Japan (2012) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36 (1), pp. 71-89; (2013) Urban Renaissance Agency, Tokyo, , http://www.ur-net.go.jp/profile/english/toshi/; Waley, P., Tokyo-as-World-City: Reassessing the Role of Capital and the State in Urban Restructuring (2007) Urban Studies, 44 (8), pp. 1465-1490; Waley, P., Pencilling Tokyo into the Map of Neoliberal Urbanism (2013) Cities, 32, pp. 43-50; Yamada, M., (1999) Parasaito shinguru no jidai [The Age of Parasite Singles]., , Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo; Yamada, M., (2005) Meisou suru kazoku: Songo kazoku moderu no keisei to kaitai [Runaway Family: Decline in the Post-War Family Model]., , Tokyo: Yuhikaku; Yui, Y., Kubo, T., (2013) Aging Problems of Suburban Neighbourhoods in Tokyo, , Paper presented at the RC43 Housing and the Built Environment Conference, Amsterdam},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351627993; 9781138696044},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Trends and Issues in Hous. in Asia: Coming of an Age},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Komornicki2017269,
author={Komornicki, T. and Szejgiec-Kolenda, B.},
title={Transformation of spatial distribution of areas of export concentration in Poland [Przekształcenia przestrzennego rozmieszczenia obszarów koncentracji eksportu w Polsce]},
journal={Przeglad Geograficzny},
year={2017},
volume={89},
number={2},
pages={269-289},
doi={10.7163/PrzG.2017.2.4},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030719458&doi=10.7163%2fPrzG.2017.2.4&partnerID=40&md5=fce292f626ded359bac6f51c5518fa5b},
affiliation={Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. S. Leszczyckiego PAN, Ul. Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, 00-818, Poland},
abstract={Taking into account foreign trade in goods the process of internationalization of the Polish economy has been uneven not only within the scope of foreign trade operators and its product and geographical structure, but also within the territorial perspective across the country. During the period after 1990, the basic structures of the “export space” of Poland were transformed. At the same time, these structures remained, to some extent, embedded in a centrally planned economy, especially in the industrialization processes that have been taking place since the World War II. The aim of the paper is identification and delimitation of areas of export concentration (AEC) as well as to provide for more systematic information on the changes taking place in the export space of the country resulted from the competitiveness and economic power of local economies. The obtained results were related to the general changes in the the country’s spatial structure, including basic theoretical concepts and strategic documents. AEC shall be considered as a contiguous geographical area with the above-average importance of exports for the local economy, determined by several conditions: (a) exports per capita of the LAU 1 unit is higher than the national average; (b) exports in relation to sold industrial output in the LAU 1 unit is higher than the national average; (c) total exports of AEC exceeds 1% of total exports from Poland; (d) AEC respects the principle of territorial continuity. These conditions were applied for the years: 1995 (the period immediately after the economic transition), 1997 (the period of locating foreign investments in the country), 2000 (the period after the crisis in the Eastern markets), 2005 (at the start of the full integration of Poland into the European Union), 2007 (the period of favourable exports performance resulted from the accession to the EU), 2009 (the first wave of economic crisis) and 2013 (the present years). The primary unit of study is the county (LAU 1). The analysis was conducted in US dollars (USD) based on materials from EXTRA- and INTRASTAT systems. The spatial structures of units considered as AEC in the analysed years is a synthetic picture of exports space of Poland. It may be assumed that it creates a polygon with vertices constituting the “poles of the global economy”, which are: Warsaw, Rzeszów, Cracow, Upper Silesian conurbation, Wroclaw, Slubice and Gdansk. At the same time, in Western Poland, a zone with strong international relations is becoming increasingly apparent, it covers a large part of the LAU 1 units of the provinces of wielkopolskie, dolnoslaskie and lubuskie voivodeships. Spatial structures related to industrialization processes taking place during the period of centrally planned economy proved to be quite stable. Despite the shift in the main exports centres from the south of Poland to the west, the observed changes were not spectacular. In favourable economic conditions, there was a deglomeration of exports, but these changes were not of a lasting nature. During the crisis period we observed a regression, which excluded the emergence of new sustainable AEC, among others. in the east of Poland. Thus the changes anticipated during the initial phase of the transformation in the spatial structure of the country were probably premature. The changes observed during this period reflected the fluctuations associated with the transformation process itself. Regardless of the stability of the general spatial structure, the dynamics of the emergence (as well as the “collapse”) of AEC is a good measure of the transformation of individual centres and industrial districts of Poland after 1989. There has been confirmed such processes as: economic contraction of Lódz, relative decrease in the role of the Upper Silesian conurbation, gradual replacement of Poznan by Wroclaw as the country’s second most important economic pole. © 2017, Polska Akademia Nauk. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Export concentration areas;  Geography;  Poland;  Regional export},
keywords={export;  financial crisis;  global economy;  globalization;  international trade;  regional geography;  spatial distribution;  trade flow, Poland [Central Europe]},
references={Andersson, M., Weiss, J.F., External trade and internal geography: Local export spillovers by industry chcaracteristics and firm size (2012) Spatial Economic Analysis, 7 (4), pp. 421-446; Bedi, A., Cieślik, A., Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na działalność eksportową firm krajowych w Polsce. Empiryczna analiza regionalnych efektów zewnętrznych (2002) Ekonomia, 7, pp. 17-36; Brodzicki, T., (2013) Degree of Clusterization of Regional Economy and its Export Potential, , Working Papers of Economics of European Integration Division 1302, The University of Gdansk, Faculty of Economics, Economics of European Integration Division; Brodzicki, T., Koncentracja działalności gospodarczej a potencjał eksportowy polskich regionów (2014) Tradycyjne i nowe kierunki rozwoju handlu międzynarodowego, , S. Wydymus, M. Maciejewski (red.), CeDeWu, Warszawa; Brodzicki, T., Ciołek, D., Determinanty działalności eksportowej polskich firm produkcyjnych (2016) Gospodarka Narodowa, 2 (282), pp. 59-76; Brodzicki, T., Uminski, S., (2013) International Trade Relations of Enterprises Established in Poland’s Regions: Gravity Model Panel Estimation, , Working Papers 1301, Instytut Rozwoju/Institute for Development, Sopot; Cieślik, A., (2005) Geografia inwestycji zagranicznych. Przyczyny i skutki lokalizacji spółek z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego w Polsce, , Badania Ekonomiczne, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa; Ciżkowicz, P., Umiński, S., Analiza determinantów eksportu na poziomie województw (2011) Uwarunkowania krajowej i międzynarodowej konkurencyjności województwa lubelskiego, , red. P. Ciżkowicz, P. Opala, Wydawnictwo Ernst & Young, Warszawa; Domański, B., (2001) Kapitał zagraniczny w przemyśle Polski. Prawidłowości rozmieszczenia, uwarunkowania i skutki, , Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Kraków; Gawlikowska-Hueckel, K., Światowy kryzys i jego skutki dla wymiany handlowej (2014) Wrażliwość polskich regionów na wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki. Implikacje dla polityki rozwoju regionalnego, pp. 72-92. , T. Brodzicki, D. Ciołek, K. Gawlikowska-Hueckel, J. Szlachta, S. Umiński, J. Zaucha, Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa; Gawlikowska-Hueckel, K., Umiński, S., Zdolność do konkurowania. Eksport polski w ujęciu regionalnym w latach 2009-2011 (2014) Wrażliwość polskich regionów na wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki. Implikacje dla polityki rozwoju regionalnego, pp. 158-171. , K. Gawlikowska-Hueckel, J. Szlachta (red.), Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa; Gierańczyk, W., Stańczyk, A., Okręgi przemysłowe w Polsce u progu XXI wieku (2002) Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 3, pp. 61-69; Gorzelak, G., (1995) Transformacja systemowa a restrukturyzacja regionalna, , Wydawnictwa Europejskiego Instytutu Rozwoju Regionalnego i Lokalnego, Warszawa; Gorzelak, G., (2009) Geografia polskiego kryzysu. Kryzys peryferii czy peryferia kryzysu?, , EUROREG, Warszawa; Karpiński, A., Paradysz, S., Soroka, P., Żółtkowski, W., (2013) Jak powstawały i upadały zakłady przemysłowe w Polsce, , Muza S.A., Warszawa; Komornicki, T., (2003) Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie międzynarodowych powiązań społeczno--gospodarczych w Polsce, p. 190. , Prace Geograficzne, IGiPZ PAN, Warszawa; Komornicki, T., Obszary koncentracji eksportu w przestrzeni przemysłowej Polski (2004) Przegląd Geograficzny, 76 (4), pp. 473-491; Komornicki, T., (2009) Ocena charakteru, struktury i intensywności polskiego eksportu w kontekście celów polityki regionalnej, na poziomie województw, , Ekspertyza dla Ministerstwa Rozwoju Regionalnego, Warszawa; Komornicki, T., Szejgiec, B., (2012) Handel zagraniczny. Znaczenie dla gospodarki Polski Wschodniej, , Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego, Warszawa; Komornicki, T., Zaucha, J., Szejgiec, B., Wiśniewski, R., (2015) Powiązania eksportowe gospodarki lokalnej w warunkach zmiennej koniunktury - Analiza przestrzenna, , Prace Geograficzne, IGiPZ PAN, 250, Warszawa; Korcelli, P., Degórski, M., Drzazga, D., Komornicki, T., Markowski, T., Szlachta, J., Węcławowicz, G., Zaucha, J., Ekspercki projekt Koncepcji Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju do roku 2033 (2010) Studia Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN, p. 128. , Warszawa; Maćkowiak, H., (2013) Zróżnicowanie struktury handlu zagranicznego Polski w ujęciu regionalnym oraz konkurencyjność eksportowa regionów, , Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań; http://www.stat.gov.pl, Portal informacyjny Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, 1.12.2015 r; http://www.npb.pl, Portal informacyjny Narodowego Banku Polskiego, 1.12.2015 r; Rachwał, T., Zmiany struktury przestrzennej przemysłu Polski w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (2014) Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 27, pp. 27-163; Stryjakiewicz, T., (1999) Adaptacja przestrzenna przemysłu w Polsce w warunkach transformacji, , Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań; Szejgiec, B., Komornicki, T., Spatial differentiation of Polish export linkages (2015) Geographia Polonica, 88 (1), pp. 173-178; Umiński, S., (2012) Rozważania nad naturą, przyczynami oraz konkurencyjnością działalności eksportowej w ujęciu regionalnym dla Polski, , Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk; Węcławowicz, G., Contemporary Poland. Space and Society (1996) Changing Eastern Europe, p. 4. , University College London, London; Węcławowicz, G., Bański, J., Degórski, M., Komornicki, T., Korcelli, P., Śleszyński, P., Przestrzenne zagospodarowanie Polski na początku XXI wieku (2006) Monografie IGiPZ PAN, p. 6. , Warszawa; Zioło, Z., Wpływ kryzysu na kształtowanie struktury przestrzennej przemysłu (2014) Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego, 27, pp. 9-37},
publisher={Polska Akademia Nauk},
issn={00332143},
language={Polish},
abbrev_source_title={Prz. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Little20171,
author={Little, S.E. and Go, F.M. and Poon, T.S.-C.},
title={Introduction: From international to global},
journal={Global Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Experiences from East and West},
year={2017},
pages={1-17},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-43859-7_1},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028814721&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-43859-7_1&partnerID=40&md5=b5414947d75f627182e6d4186863de91},
affiliation={Asia Pacific Technology Network, Manchester, United Kingdom; Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands; The Open University Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong},
abstract={This introductory chapter addresses the wide-ranging challenges of global entrepreneurship and innovation faced by both East and West in an increasingly tightly coupled global economy. In order to do so, the sections and chapters of this book need to be set in the context of a 100-year trajectory which has transformed the process of internationalisation into one of globalisation replacing an economy of developed centres trading with the colonised periphery to an economy of nodes of both production and consumption within a global network. Internationalisation of trade can be traced deep into history, back beyond the Silk Road. The Western mercantile tradition developed around a set of technologies which Hirst and Thompson (Globalization in question. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press,1996) argue reached a functional plateau with the reliability and regularity of the steamship and electric telegraph. While pre-First World War international trade shares characteristics with later forms of trans-national commerce, subsequent technological developments have created a radically different interconnected global economy in which production and consumption take place across the network of complexly interacting stakeholders. © The Author(s) 2017.},
references={Camilleri, J.A., Falk, J., (1992) The end of sovereignty: The politics of a shrinking and fragmented world, , Aldershot: Edward Elgar; Castells, M., (1989) The informational city information technology, economic restructuring and the urban-regional process, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Castells, M., (2000) The rise of the network society, , (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell; The origins of the financial crisis: Crash course (2013) Economist, , http://www.economist.com/news/schoolsbrief/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-fiveyears-article, September 7, Retrieved June 20,2016, from; Galbraith, J.K., (1969) The new industrial state, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Hirst, P., Thompson, G., (1996) Globalization in question, , Cambridge, UK: Polity Press; Hughes, A.C., Hughes, T.P., (2000) Systems experts and computers: The systems approach in management and engineering, World War II and after, , Cambridge: MIT Press; Johnson, C., (1982) MITI and the Japanese economic miracle: The growth of industrial policy, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Kitissou, M., (2007) Africa in China’s global strategy, , London: Adonis and Abbey; Levinson, M., (2006) The box: How the shipping container made the world smaller and the world economy bigger, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Leydesdorff, L., The triple helix: An evolutionary model of innovations (2000) Research Policy, 29, pp. 243-255; Lipietz, A., (1992) Towards a new economic order: Postfordism, ecology and democracy, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Ohmae, K., (1990) The borderless world: Power and strategy in the interlinked economy, , London: Collins; Ohmae, K., (1995) The end of the nation state: The rise of regional economics, , New York: Free Press; Okimoto, D., (1989) Between MITI and the market: Japanese industrial policy for high technology, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Perez, C., Structural change and the assimilation of new technologies in the economic and social systems (1983) Futures, 15 (5), pp. 357-375; Saxenian, A., (1994) Regional advantage: Culture and competition in silicon valley and route 128, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Thorpe, R., Little, S., (2001) Global change: The impact of Asia in the 21st century, , London: Palgrave; Tugendhat, C., (1971) The multinationals, , Harmonsdsworth: Penguin; Turner, L., (1970) Invisible empires: Multinational companies and the modern world, , London: Hamish Hamilton; Vernon, R., (1971) Sovereignty at bay: The multinational spread of US enterprises, , New York: Basic Books},
correspondence_address1={Little, S.E.; Asia Pacific Technology NetworkUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Springer International Publishing},
isbn={9783319438597; 9783319438580},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Experiences from East and West},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{ŠarotarŽižek2017400,
author={Šarotar Žižek, S. and Mulej, M. and Veingerl Čič, Ž.},
title={Results of socially responsible transformational leadership: increased holism and success},
journal={Kybernetes},
year={2017},
volume={46},
number={3},
pages={400-418},
doi={10.1108/K-06-2016-0129},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016253143&doi=10.1108%2fK-06-2016-0129&partnerID=40&md5=66de129ec10a1b50fa112585c21cdccc},
affiliation={Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia},
abstract={Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present a research on how – the extremely necessary – systemic rather than one-sided and short-term behavior can enjoy support from (corporate and individual) social responsibility (SR) enhanced by transformational leadership as a source of success. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the previously published empirical research, the authors use qualitative research methodology including desk and informal field research, the Dialectical Systems Theory and its law of requisite holism. Findings: The entire humankind is in big trouble and facing the danger of the Third World War resulting from the “war against terrorism” proclaimed in USA in 2002 and making close to 100 million persons need relief aid; this situation is because of monopolies in the global economy, both business and government monopolies. Application of knowledge that might be able to solve the problem depends on values, culture, ethics and norms that prevail in all/any entities from families via corporations and other organizations, countries, international entities (such as European Union) to the entire world and humankind (and its United Nations Organization). The most influential of all of them are the corporations, hence, their corporate governance and strategic management. Hence, they should urgently implement SR principles and methods supporting its realization instead of the prevailing short-term and one-sided criteria of right and wrong, for clear and proven economic reasons; satisfied and healthy people are causing much less cost and trouble than strikes, medical care, renewal of safe natural environment, wars, unhappy/abused partners, etc. Research limitations/implications: The hypothesis is researched to the greatest extent possible, with qualitative analysis in desk and field research. Quantitative methodological approach took place in the cited previous publications. Practical implications: For humankind and managers, the use of the transformational leadership is very important because of its positive impact on health and well-being of employees and, hence, on humankind’s survival in the current global socio-economic crisis. Social implications: Good health and well-being of employees reduce many societal troubles and related cost resulting otherwise from the too short-term and narrow-minded behavior of managers and employees, potentially their families as well, all way to tens of millions of homeless migrants, killed and injured people, children with no chance for education, etc. Originality/value: No similar concept is offered in the available literature. © 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={Dialectical systems theory;  Leadership;  Leadership style;  Management;  Social responsibility},
keywords={Competition;  Cost benefit analysis;  Economic and social effects;  Economics;  Education;  Management;  Managers;  System theory, Corporate governance;  Design/methodology/approach;  Leadership;  Leadership style;  Methodological approach;  Social responsibilities;  Transformational leadership;  United nations organizations, Human resource management},
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correspondence_address1={Šarotar Žižek, S.; Faculty of Economics and Business, Slovenia; email: simona.sarotar-zizek@um.si},
publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.},
issn={0368492X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Kybernetes},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Fitzgerald201715,
author={Fitzgerald, R.},
title={The Historical Development of East Asian Business Networks: Trade, Colonialism, and the State},
journal={Business Networks in East Asian Capitalisms: Enduring Trends, Emerging Patterns},
year={2017},
pages={15-39},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-08-100639-9.00002-5},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009872850&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-08-100639-9.00002-5&partnerID=40&md5=7091d7712c507e84d98f733aa7f03dfe},
affiliation={Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom},
abstract={Historical perspective offers valuable insights into the origins and purposes of inter-firm networks and business groups, and questions simple distinctions between 'marketized' Western and 'networked' East Asian systems. The 19th century witnessed a rapidly expanding global economy and the spread of colonialism, and Western multinational enterprises and indigenous enterprises significantly influenced each other's development. Both relied on networks of trust relationships, shared investments, and entrepreneurial deal-making suited to Asia's developing trade-orientated economies. After the Second World War, decolonization forced Western multinationals to withdraw, and reformed and newly-established nation states encouraged the growth of local business groups. Analysis demonstrates the importance of international and market factors in shaping business systems, and subsequently, the relevance of both government policy and external influences. The reliance of multinationals on global networks since the 1990s has historical antecedents, and re-emphasizes the impact of international trends on national business systems. © 2017 R. Fitzgerald Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Asian business networks;  International economy},
references={Allen, G.C., Donnithorne, A.G., (1954) Western enterprise in far eastern economic development: China and Japan, , Allen & Unwin, London; Allen, G.C., Donnithorne, A.G., (1957) Western enterprise in far eastern economic development: Indonesia and Malaysia, , Routledge, London; Amsden, A.H., (1989) Asia's next giant: South Korea and late industrialization, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Amsden, A.H., Staying behind, stumbling back, sneaking up, and soaring ahead: Late industrialization in historical perspective (1994) Convergence of productivity: Cross national studies and historical evidence, , Oxford University Press, Oxford, W.J. Baumol, R.R. Nelson, E.N. Wolff (Eds.); Andaya, B.W., Andaya, L.Y., (1982) A history of Malaysia, , Palgrave, Basingstoke; Bagchi, A.K., (1972) Private investment in India, 1900-39, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Barnett, P.G., The Chinese in Southeastern Asia and the Philippines (1943) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 226, pp. 32-49; Boisot, M., Child, J., From fiefs to clans and network capitalism: Explaining China's emerging economic order (1996) Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, pp. 600-628; Boyce, G., (1995) Information, mediation and institutional development: The rise of large-scale enterprise in British shipping, 1870-1914, , Manchester University Press, Manchester; Chan, W.K.K., The organizational structure of the traditional Chinese firm and its modern reform (1982) Business History Review, 56, pp. 218-235; Chapman, S.D., (1992) Merchant enterprise in Britain from the industrial revolution to the World War I, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Cheng, L., (2003) Banking in modern China: Entrepreneurs, professional managers, and the development of Chinese banks, 1897-1937, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Chew, E.C.T., Lee, E., (1991) A history of Singapore, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Cho, D.S., A dynamic approach to international competitiveness: The case of Korea (1995) The competitive advantages of far eastern businesses, , Frank Cass, London, R. Fitzgerald (Ed.); Cox, H., (2000) The global cigarette: Origins and evolution of British American tobacco, 1880-1945, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Evans, R.J., (2005) In defence of history, , Granta Books, London; Fieldhouse, D.K., (1965) Colonial empires: A comparative survey from the 18th century, , Delacorte Press, New York; Fitzgerald, R., (2000) The competitive and institutional advantages of holding companies: British business in the inter-war period, pp. 1-30. , Journal of Industrial History; Fitzgerald, R., Corporate governance, business organization and competitiveness: British and Japanese business in the inter-war period (2003) The development of corporate governance in Japan and Britain, , Ashgate/Gower Press, London, E. Abe, R. Fitzgerald (Eds.); Fitzgerald, R., (2015) The rise of the global company: Multinationals and the making of the modern world, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Fruin, W.M., (1994) The Japanese enterprise system: Competitive strategies and cooperative structures, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Fukusaku, Y., (1992) Technology and industrial development in pre-war Japan: Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard, 1884-1934, , Routledge, London; Gereffi, G., (1994) Commodity chains and global capitalism, , Praeger, Westport; Gerlach, M., (1992) Alliance capitalism: The strategic organization of Japanese business, , University of California Press, Berkeley, CA; Guex, S., (1998) Switzerland and the great powers, 1914-1945, , University of Geneva, Geneva; Hamilton, G.G., (1996) Asian business networks, , De Gruyter, Berlin; Jones, G., (1998) The multinational traders, , Routledge, London; Jones, G., (2000) Merchants to multinationals, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Jonker, J., Sluyterman, K., (2005) At home on the world markets: Dutch trading international trading companies from the 16th century to the present, , McGill Queen's University Press, Montreal; Kudo, A., IG Farben in Japan: The transfer of technology and managerial skills (1994) Business History, 36, pp. 159-183; Lai, C.K., China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, 1872-1902 (1994) Journal of Economic History, 54, pp. 432-434; Larsen, L., Seizing the opportunities: Chinese merchants in Korea, 1876-1910 (2000) Chinese Business History, 7, pp. 142-167; Latham, A.J., Kawakatsu, H., (1994) The evolving structure of the East Asian economic system since 1700: A comparative analysis, , Routledge, London; Lin, M.H., Overseas Chinese merchants and multiple nationality: A means of reducing commercial risk, 1895-1935 (2001) Modern Asian Studies, 35, pp. 985-1009; Liu, K.C., (1962) Anglo-American rivalry in China, 1862-74, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Lombard, D., Austin, J., (2000) Asian merchants and businessmen in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; MacIntyre, A., (1990) Business and politics in Indonesia, , Allen & Unwin, St Leonards; Maurice, M., Sellier, F., Silvestre, J.J., (1986) The social bases of industrial power, , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; McVey, R., (1992) South East Asian capitalists, , Cornell South East Asian Studies Program, Ithaca, NY; Meier, G.M., (1989) Leading issues in economic development, , Oxford University Press, New York; Myint-U, T., (2001) The making of modern Burma, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Orru, M., Biggart, N.W., Hamilton, G.G., (1997) The new institutionalism in organizational analysis, , Sage, London; Ray, R.K., (1979) Industrialization in India, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Redding, S.G., (1990) The spirit of Chinese capitalism, , Walter De Gruyter, New York; Robison, R., (1986) Indonesia: The rise of capital, , Allen & Unwin, Sydney; Roy, T., (2006) The economic history of India, 1857-1947, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Saunier, P.-Y., (2013) Transnational history, , Palgrave Macmillan, London; Shiba, T., Shimotani, M., (1997) Beyond the firm: Business groups in international and comparative perspective, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Sorge, A., Warner, M., (1986) Comparative factory organization, , Gower, Aldershot; Stopford, J.M., Strange, S., (1991) Rival states, rival firms, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Suehiro, A., Family business reassessed: Competition, structure and late-starting industrialization in Thailand (1993) The Developing Economies, 31, pp. 378-407; Tomlinson, B.R., (1993) The new Cambridge history of India: The economy of modern India, 1860-1970, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Tung, R., Worm, V., Network capitalism: The role of human resources in penetrating the China market (2001) International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, pp. 517-534; Whitley, R., (1992) Business systems in East Asia, , Sage, London; Wilkins, M., Schroter, H., (1998) The free-standing company in the world economy, 1830-1914, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Yamazaki, H., The logic of general trading companies in Japan (1987) Business history of trading companies, , Tokyo University Press, Tokyo, S. Yonekawa, H. Yosihara (Eds.); Yonekawa, S., Yoshihara, H., (1987) Business history of general trading companies, , University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo; Yonekawa, S., (1990) General trading companies: A comparative and historical study, , Tokyo University Press, Tokyo; Yoshihara, K., (1988) Sogo Sosha: The vanguard of the Japanese economy, , Oxford University Press, Oxford},
correspondence_address1={Fitzgerald, R.; Royal Holloway University of LondonUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Elsevier Inc.},
isbn={9780081006559; 9780081006399},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Networks in East Asian Capital.: Endur. Trends, Emerg. Patterns},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Pitts201767,
author={Pitts, L.},
title={Collaborators, business partners, friends: Australia-China subnational government Relations},
journal={Re-Orienting Australia-China Relations: 1972 to the Present},
year={2017},
pages={67-86},
doi={10.4324/9781315244501-14},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917303310&doi=10.4324%2f9781315244501-14&partnerID=40&md5=36bbe605c5c70fcb9d4d79bdacfc7bc9},
affiliation={Queensland Department of State Development, Australia},
abstract={People are defining and celebrating their local identities in many communities around the world. Communities are creating links with counterparts in other nations not only for the sake of curiosity about other peoples and cultures but also to develop more global perspectives, contacts and to use these concepts to better compete in the world economy and ‘global village’. Moreover, since the end of the Cold War, the increasing complexity and tempo of human and political life has caused the widely studied promotion of non-national government agencies into actors in the international sphere. This increased decentralisation and devolution of national decision-making to the subnational level has resulted in the construction and maintenance of more complex bilateral and multilateral political and economic partnerships. This tendency towards self-rule and political independence by more communities runs parallel to the formation of large multi-national economic alliances. Increased communication through improved technologies is simultaneously allowing the world to develop a huge global economy with many increasingly powerful smaller components and the breakdown of the nation-state as the dominant level of analysis. Against this background of changing levels of analysis and emphasis on economic investigation, this work will draw attention to the evolving links that have been developed by subnational governments in Australia and the People’s Republic of China. © Nicholas Thomas 2004.},
references={Fung, E., Queensland and China (1985) Sino-Australian Relations, The Record 1972-1985, pp. 272-287. , in Hugh Dunn and Edmund Fung (eds), Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australian-Asian Relations; Pointer, M., Victoria and Jiangsu (1985) Sino-Australian Relations, The Record 1972-1985, , in Hugh Dunn and Edmund Fung (eds), Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australian-Asian Relations; Wong, J., New South Wales and Guangdong (1985) Sino-Australian Relations, The Record 1972-1985, , in Hugh Dunn and Edmund Fung (eds), Brisbane:Centre for the Study of Australian-Asian Relations; Pitts, E., (1993) An Evaluation of the Shanghai and Queensland Relationship, , Honours Thesis, (University of Queensland; Goodman, D., China’s Provinces and Australia’s States:Sister States and International Mates (1996) Australia and China:Partners in Asia, , in Colin Mackerras (ed), Melbourne: Macmillan Press; Pitts, E., (1996) China’s Subnational Government Relations in a Foreign Policy Context, , M Phil Dissertation, (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Dunn, H., Queensland-Shanghai Relations (1996) Australia and China: Partners in Asia, , in Colin Mackerras (ed), Melbourne: Macmillan Press; Forth, G., Howell, K., The Importance of Sino-Australian Sister City Type Relationships in Regional Development (2001) Regional Policy and Practice, 10 (1), pp. 16-24; (1996) Australia China Relations: Report of the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, , Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; Yan, Z., Youhao chengshi - youyi yu hezuo de qiaoliang (1990) Renmin Ribao, , Friendship Cities - the Bridge of Friendship and Cooperation, 27 April; Friendship Cities Association (1992) Xinhua News Agency, , (FE/13 3 1/B2/1). 17 March; Warhurst, J., O’Loghlin, G., Federal-State issues in external economic relations (1985) Federalism and Resource Development-the Australian Case, pp. 190-202. , in Peter Drysdale and Hirofumi Shibata (eds), Sydney: George Allen and Unwin/The Australia-Japan Research Centre (ANU); O’Toole, K., From Mates to Markets: Australian Sister City Type Relationships (2000) Policy, Organisation and Society, 19 (1), pp. 43-64; Xueling, Z., Sino-American “Friendship Cities” in the Past Decade (1990) Ten Years of Sino-US Relations, p. 252. , in Institute of American Studies, CASS and Chinese Association for American Studies (eds.), Nanjing: Yilin Press; Aisbett, N., Perth to Get Chinese Twin (1988) The Western Australian, , Mid-September, Shanghai: Australian Consulate Newspaper Clipping File; Washington DC to suspend Sister City ties with Peking (1989) Central News Agency, , 28 July; Ruddy, B., China moving in on our fish industry (1993) The Sunday Mail, , 12 September; Zelinsky, W., Twinning of the World (1991) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 81 (1), p. 3},
correspondence_address1={Pitts, L.; Queensland Department of State DevelopmentAustralia},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781351904254; 9780754632450},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Re-Orienting Australia-China Relations: 1972 to the Present},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mendiola2016187,
author={Mendiola, F.},
title={The Role of Unfree Labour in Capitalist Development: Spain and Its Empire, Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries},
journal={International Review of Social History},
year={2016},
volume={61},
pages={187-211},
doi={10.1017/S0020859016000407},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85001764149&doi=10.1017%2fS0020859016000407&partnerID=40&md5=8f3a2115045b8e0bfa8f308e474b39fb},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Public University of Navarre Campus Arrosadia, Edificio Departamental Los Madroños, Iruñea-Pamplona, 31006, Spain},
abstract={This article contributes to the debate on the persistence of forced labour within capitalist development. It focuses on Spain, which has been deeply rooted in the global economy, firstly as a colonial metropolis, and later as part of the European Union. In the first place, I analyse the different modalities of unfree labour that are included in the taxonomy established by the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations, taking into account the different political regimes in which they are inserted. Therefore, the legal framework regarding unfree labour is analysed for four different political contexts: liberal revolution with colonial empire (1812-1874); liberal parliamentarism with colonial empire (1874-1936); civil war and fascist dictatorship, with decolonization (1936-1975); and parliamentary democracy within globalization (1975-2014). The article goes on to deal with the importance of the main economic reasons driving the demand for forced labour: relative labour shortage and the search for increasing profits. In the conclusion, and taking the Spanish case as a basis, I suggest a series of challenges for furthering the global debate on the role of forced labour under capitalism. © 2016 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis.},
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Économie Historique du Salariat Bridé, , Paris; Van Der Linden, M., (2008) Workers of the World: Essays Toward A Global Labor History, , Leiden [etc.]; Brass, T., (2011) Labour Regime Change in the Twenty-First Century: Unfreedom, Capitalism and Primitive Accumulation, , Chicago, IL; Barrientos, S.W., Labour Chains': Analysing the Role of Labour Contractors in Global Production Networks (2013) Journal of Development Studies, 49 (8), pp. 1058-1071; Barrientos, S., Kothari, U., Phillips, N., Dynamics of Unfree Labour in the Contemporary Global Economy (2013) Journal of Development Studies, 49 (8), pp. 1037-1041; Brass, T., Debating Capitalist Dynamics and Unfree Labour: A Missing Link? (2014) Journal of Development Studies, 50 (4), pp. 570-582; Brass, T., Van Der Linden, M., (1997) Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues, , Berne; Van Der Linden, M., (2012) Humanitarian Intervention and Changing Labor Relations: The Long-Term Consequences of the Abolition of the Slave Trade, , Leiden [etc.]; Stanziani, A., (2013) Labour, Coercion, and Economic Growth in Eurasia, 17th-20th Centuries, , Leiden [etc.]; Brass, T., Some Observations on Unfree Labour, Capitalist Restructuring and Deproletarianization Free and Unfree Labour, pp. 57-75. , ideme and Van der Linden, 58-59; Steinfeld, R.J., (2001) Coercion, Contract, and Free Labor in the Nineteenth Century, , Cambridge; Van Der Linden, M., Introduction Humanitarian Intervention and Changing Labor Relations, pp. 1-45. , Van der Linden; Stanziani, A., Introduction: Labour, Coercion, and Economic Growth in Eurasia, Seventeenth - Early Twentieth Centuries Stanziani, Labour, Coercion, and Economic Growth in Eurasia, pp. 1-28; Hofmeester, K., Lucassen, J., Lucassen, L., Stapel, R., Zijdeman, R., (2016) The Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations, 1500-2000: Background, Set-Up, Taxonomy, and Applications, , http://hdl.handle.net/10622/4OGRAD, IISH Dataverse, V1 (access subject to registration), last accessed 22 August 2016; Lucassen, L., Working Together: New Directions in Global Labour History (2016) Journal of Global History, 11, pp. 66-87; De Vito, C.G., Lichtenstein, A., Writing a Global History of Convict Labour (2015) Global Convict Labour, pp. 2-10. , Christian G. 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correspondence_address1={Mendiola, F.; Department of Economics, Spain; email: fernando.mendiola@unavarra.es},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={00208590},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Rev. Soc. Hist},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Styhre20161,
author={Styhre, A.},
title={Corporate governance, the firm and investor capitalism: Legal-Political and economic views},
journal={Corporate Governance, The Firm and Investor Capitalism: Legal-Political and Economic Views},
year={2016},
pages={1-280},
doi={10.4337/9781785364020},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072744093&doi=10.4337%2f9781785364020&partnerID=40&md5=119081b7cc5599a7d5dc15e158482bf7},
affiliation={School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Sweden},
abstract={The shift from managerial capitalism to investor capitalism, dominated by the finance industry and finance capital accumulation, is jointly caused by a variety of institutional, legal, political, and ideological changes, beginning with the 1970s' downturn of the global economy. This book traces how the incorporation of businesses within the realm of the state leads to both certain benefits, characteristic of competitive capitalism, and to the emergence of new corporate governance problems emerges. Contrasting economic, legal, and managerial views of corporate governance practices in contemporary capitalism, the author examines how corporate governance has been understood and advocated differently during the New Deal era, the post-World War II economic boom, and the after 1980 in the era of free market advocacy. © Alexander Styhre 2016. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Styhre, A.; School of Business, Sweden},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9781785364020; 9781785364013},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Corp. Gov., The Firm and Invest. Capital.: Leg.-Polit and Econ. Views},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Stratton2016185,
author={Stratton, T.},
title={Mammon unbound: The international financial architecture of wall street banks, 1915-1925},
journal={The Impact of the First World War on International Business},
year={2016},
pages={185-210},
doi={10.4324/9781315680750-19},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107094944&doi=10.4324%2f9781315680750-19&partnerID=40&md5=c2b09432c7d055bfc8cd0881a9ad74eb},
affiliation={American University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates},
abstract={The First World War is a seminal event in the periodization of waves of global integration. Economic historians often portray the war as the end of an era of globalization and the hegemony of classical liberalism.1 The war is treated as a shift from an interconnected global economic system to a system that embraced fierce economic nationalism and autarky. Certainly, if we focus on certain regions and sectors of the global economy-European foreign direct investment, for instance-then a story of deglobalization emerges. Indeed, many of the economic connections that had previously driven globalization were severed due to the war. The Pax Britannica and the mercantilism of the European empires largely characterized the pre-war wave of globalization. It is understandable why the end of the peace, the rise of American economic power, and Woodrow Wilson’s confrontation with imperialism after the war can be conflated with the end of this wave. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.},
references={Broadberry, S., O’Rourke, K., (2010) The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Cassis, Y., (2010) Capitals of Capital: The Rise and Fall of International Financial Centres, 1780-2009, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Dunn, R.W., (1926) American Foreign Investments, , New York: B. W. Huebsch; Emmerson, C., (2013) 1913: In Search of the World before the Great War, , London: Random House; Ferguson, N., Sinking Globalization (2005) Foreign Affairs, p. 84; Frieden, J.A., (2006) Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century, , New York: W. W. Norton & Company; Frieden, J.A., The Economics of Intervention: American Overseas Investments and Relations with Underdeveloped Areas, 1890-1950 (1989) Comparative Studies in Society and History, 31, p. 71; Hopkins, A.G., The History of Globalization-And the Globalization of History? (2002) Globalization in World History, , edited by A. G. Hopkins. London: Pimlico; James, H., (2002) The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Jones, G., (2005) Multinationals and Global Capitalism: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kobrak, C., Hansen, P.H., Kopper, C., Business, Political Risk, and Historians in the Twentieth Century (2004) European Business, Dictatorship, and Political Risk, 1920-1945, , edited by Christopher Kobrak and Per H. Hansen. New York: Berghahn Books; MacMillan, M., (2014) The War that Ended Peace: The Road to 1914, , New York: Random House; McNeil, W.C., (1986) American Money and the Weimar Republic: Economics and Politics on the Eve of the Great DePression, , New York: Columbia University Press; Parrini, C.P., (1969) Heir to Empire: United States Economic Diplomacy, 1916-1923, , Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; Tooze, A., (2014) The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of Global Order, 1916-1931, , New York: Viking; Westerfield, R.B., (1921) Banking Principles and Practice, 2. , New York: Ronald Press; Wilkins, M., (2004) The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914-1945, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press},
correspondence_address1={Stratton, T.; American University in DubaiUnited Arab Emirates},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317398110; 9781138930032},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Impact of the First World War on International Bus.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{McGlade2016142,
author={McGlade, J.},
title={Business as (un)usual: DuPont, comptoir des textiles artificiels and the post-first world war internationalization of the synthetic products industry},
journal={The Impact of the First World War on International Business},
year={2016},
pages={142-165},
doi={10.4324/9781315680750-16},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107093895&doi=10.4324%2f9781315680750-16&partnerID=40&md5=1a793609ca444268ab8c09ffc538a0d6},
affiliation={College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman},
abstract={Economic historians of globalization tend to portray the First World War as a disruptive event that abruptly ended the pre-1914 golden age of international economic integration and initiated a period of so-called deglobalization (i.e., regression back toward autarky).1 It is certainly true that First World War dramatically severed many of the political, business, financial, and trade connections that had driven economic globalization since the 1850s. However, while the war certainly changed the international economy, the process of globalization did not come to a sudden halt in the summer of 1914. The diplomatic historian Adam Tooze has recently argued that rather than ending globalization, the First World War merely caused globalization to take on different forms. Indeed, he shows that the war actually increased some global economic interconnectedness, albeit in a form very different from “late Victorian globalization.”2 The business historian Geoffrey Jones has also challenged the conventional wisdom that globalization ceased as of 1914. In his study of how successive “waves of globalization” have driven the rise of the multinational enterprise (MNE), Jones notes that the first wave of MNEs lasted from c. 1880 straight through First World War and into the interwar years, cresting just prior to the worldwide financial collapse in 1929.3 According to Jones, multinationals continued to expand after First World War even as “the first global economy disintegrated, " largely bolstered by robust outlays of foreign direct investment by firms, especially in cross-border corporate ventures and acquisitions. Multinationals continued to flourish, as did “free-standing companies” (i.e., firms that had their headquarters and shareholders in one country and all of their productive assets in another).4. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.},
references={DuPont de Nemours & Company Minute Books archives; Baime, A.J., (2014) The Arsenal of Democracy: FDR, Detroit, and an Epic Quest to Arm an America at War, , New York: First Mariner Books; Benoit, B., Obituary of Francois Gillet (2007) Millénaire 3: Le Centre Resources Perspectives de Grand Lyon, , http://www.millenaire3.com/ressources/francois-gillet-1813-1895; Boudet, J., (1952) Le Monde Des Affaires En France de 1830 À Nos Jours, , Paris: Societe d’edition of Dictionnairres and encyclopedias; Brandon, K., Rayon: Is That Silk? (2009) Textile Fabric Consultants, Inc, , http://www.textilefabric.com/site/main/articles.php?id=14; Broadberry, S., Harrison, M., (2005) The Economics of World War I, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Broadberry, S., O’Rourke, K., (2010) The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (2016) Carpes Ho Gras, , http://chanvrerie.net/history/general/currency/, Accessed March 4; Cayez, P., (1988) Rhône-Poulenc, 1895-1975: Contribution À L’étude D’un Groupe Industriel, , Lyon: Dunod; Cayez, P., Chassagne, S., (2006) Les Patrons Du Second Empire: Lyon et Le Lyonnais, , Lyon: Picard; Chandler, A.D., (1962) Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise, , Cambridge: M.I.T. Press; Chandler, A.D., Hikino, T., (1990) Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, , Repr. 1990. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press; Cheape, C.W., (1995) Strictly Business: Walter Carpenter at DuPont, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Coleman, D.C., (1969) Courtaulds: An Economic and Social History, Vol. 2 Rayon, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; (2015) Comptoir Des Textiles Artificiels: Registered Patents, 1920-1950s, , http://www.patentmaps.com/assignee/comptoir_textiles_artificiels_5.html, Accessed September 17; Cuff, R., (1973) The War Industries Board: Business-Govenrment Relations during the First World War, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Dai, L., Caught in the Middle: Multinational Enterprise Strategy in Interstate Warfare (2009) Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal Incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 19 (5), pp. 355-376; Davenport-Hines, R.P.T., Jones, G., (1988) Enterprise, Management and Innovation in British Business, 1914-80, , London: Routledge; Eliasen, A., Historical Currency Conversions (2016) Things I Made From Yarn, , http://www.futureboy.us/fsp/dollar.fsp, Accessed March 4; Entreprenur (2015) Wikipedia; Frieden, J.A., (2006) Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century, , New York: W. W. Norton; Hatch, K., (1993) Textile Science, , St. Paul: West Publishing Company; Herman, A., (2012) Freedom’s Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, , New York: Random House; Herve, J., (2015) Les Gillets de Lyon: Fortunes d’une grande dynastie industrielle, , (1838-2015). Geneva: Librarie Droz; Hopkins, A.G., (2011) Globalisation in World History, , New York: Random House; Hounshell, D.A., Smith, J.K., (1988) Science and Corporate Strategy, DuPont R&D, 1902-1980, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Jones, G., (2005) Multinationals and Global Capitalism: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kadolph, S.J., (2014) Textiles, , Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; LaFerrère, M., Les Industries Chimiques de La Region Lyonnaise (1952) Revue de Géographie de Lyon, 27 (3), pp. 219-256; Lambert-Dansette, J., Histoire de L’entreprise et Des Chefs D’entreprise En France: L’entreprise Entre Deux Siècles (1880-1914) (2009) Les Rayons et Les Ombres, p. 5; Lawrence, J.C., (2005) A History of Bridgwater, , Chichester, Phillimore; Levy, J.S., Barbieri, K., Trading with the Enemy during Wartime (2004) Security Studies, 13 (3), pp. 1-47; Muller, W.F., The Origins of the Basic Inventions Underlying DuPont’s Major Product and Process Innovations, 1920 to 1950 (1962) The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, , Washington, DC: National Economic Research Bureau; Natarajarathinam, M., Capar, I., Narayanan, A., Managing Supply Chains in Times of Crisis: A Review of Literature and Insights (2009) International Journal of Physical Distriubtion & Logistics Management, 39 (7), pp. 535-573; Nelson, D., (1946) Arsenal for Democracy, , New York: Harcourt Brace; Obituary of Edmund Gillet (1931) Bulletin de L’Association Anicale Des Anciens Élèves de L’Ecolede Chimie Industrielle de Lyon, 98, pp. 3-4; Osterhammel, J., Petersson, N.P., (2005) Globalization: A Short History, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Peck, M.J., Scherer, F.M., (1962) The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis, , Cambridge, MA: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University; Reader, W.J., The Chemical Industry (1979) British Industry between the Wars: Instability and Industrial Development, 1919-1939, , edited by N. K. Buxton and D. H. Aldcroft. London: Scholar Press; Rockoff, H., (2004) Until It’s Over, Over There: The US Economy in World War I, , NBER Working Paper. Washington, DC; Rugman, A., Brain, C., Multinational Enterprises Are Regional, Not Global (2003) Multinational Business Review, 11 (1), pp. 3-12; Rugman, A., Verbeke, A., A Perspective on Regional and Global Strategies of Multinational Enterprises (2004) Journal of International Business Studies, 35 (1), pp. 3-18; Schultze, F., (1952) The Technical Division of the Rayon Department, 1920-1951, , Wilmington: E. I. DuPont Company; Solvay, 150 Years: Solvay (2013) Press Release; Steen, K., (2014) The American Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry: War and Politics, 1910-1930, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Taylor, G.D., Sudnik, P.E., (1984) DuPont and the International Chemical Industry, , Boston: Twayne Publishers; Tesi, A.F., Bendigo, C.W., Shapiro, A., The Old and New in Synthetic Fibers (1951) The Analysts Journal, 8 (1), pp. 58-69; Tooze, A., (2014) The Deluge: The Great War and the Remaking of Global Order 1916-1931, , London: Penguin; Varon, H., Les Textiles Artificiels et Synthétiques (1949) L’information Géographique, 13 (4), pp. 145-147; Vernon, R., (1971) Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of US Enterprises, , New York: Basic Books; Wilkins, M., The History of Multinational Enterprise (2009) The Oxford Handbook of International Business, pp. 3-38. , edited by Alan M. Rugman, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Wilkins, M., The Free-Standing Company, 1870-1914: An Important Type of British Foreign Direct Investment (1988) The Economic History Review, 41 (2), pp. 259-282. , New Series; Wilkins, M., Schröter, H., (1998) The Free-Standing Company in the World Economy, 1830-1996, , Oxford: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={McGlade, J.; College of Economics and Political Science, Oman},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317398110; 9781138930032},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Impact of the First World War on International Bus.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Smith20161,
author={Smith, A. and Mollan, S. and Tennent, K.D.},
title={The impact of the first world war on international business},
journal={The Impact of the First World War on International Business},
year={2016},
pages={1-274},
doi={10.4324/9781315680750},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85038026598&doi=10.4324%2f9781315680750&partnerID=40&md5=c507b00e42836608b6b87c732dd86d1f},
affiliation={University of Liverpool Management School, United Kingdom; York Management School, University of York, United Kingdom},
abstract={People throughout the world are now commemorating the centenary of the start of the First World War. For historians of international business and finance, it is an opportunity to reflect on the impact of the war on global business activity. The world economy was highly integrated in the early twentieth century thanks to nearly a century of globalisation. In 1913, the economies of the countries that were about to go war seemed inextricably linked. The Impact of the First World War on International Business explores what happened to international business organisations when this integrated global economy was shattered by the outbreak of a major war. Studying how companies responded to the economic catastrophe of the First World War offers important lessons to policymakers and businesspeople in the present, concerning for instance the impact of great power politics on international business or the thesis that globalization reduces the likelihood of inter-state warfare. This is the first book to focus on the impact of the First World War on international business. It explores the experiences of firms in Britain, France, Germany, Japan, China, and the United States as well as those in neutral countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden, and Argentina, covering a wide range of industries including financial services, mining, manufacturing, foodstuffs, and shipping. Studying how firms responded to sudden and dramatic change in the geopolitical environment in 1914 offers lessons to the managers of today’s MNEs, since the world economy on the eve of the First World War has many striking parallels with the present. Aimed at researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of Business History, International Management and Accounting History; this book goes beyond the extant literature on this topic namely due to the broad range of industries and countries covered. The Impact of the First World War on International Business covers a broad range of geographical areas and topics examining how private firms responded to government policy and have based their contributions mainly on primary sources created by business people. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317398110; 9781138930032},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Impact of the First World War on International Bus.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ruger2016453,
author={Ruger, J.P.},
title={World Bank},
journal={International Encyclopedia of Public Health},
year={2016},
pages={453-460},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00498-7},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043346903&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-12-803678-5.00498-7&partnerID=40&md5=ffca02cc8b7ace58364f4ac452bb7a20},
affiliation={Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States},
abstract={The World Bank began operations on 25 June 1946. Although it was established to finance European reconstruction after World War II, the bank today is a considerable force in the health, nutrition, and population (HNP) sector in developing countries. Indeed, it has evolved from having virtually no presence in global health to being the world's largest financial contributor to health-related projects, now committing more than $1. billion annually for new HNP projects. It is also one of the world's largest supporters in the fight against HIV/AIDS, with commitments of more than $1.6. billion over the past several years. I have mapped this transformation in the World Bank's role in global health, illustrating shifts in the bank's mission and financial orientation, as well as the broader changes in development theory and practice. Through a deepened understanding of the complexities of development, the World Bank now regards investments in HNP programs as fundamental to its role in the global economy. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bretton Woods institutions;  Global governance;  Global health architecture;  Health;  Health financing;  Health systems;  International financial institutions;  Nutrition;  Population;  Poverty alleviation;  World Bank},
references={Abbasi, K., The World Bank and world health: interview with Richard Feachem (1999) Br. Med. J., 318, pp. 1206-1208; Abbasi, K., The World Bank and world health: under fire (1999) Br. Med. J., 318, pp. 1003-1006; Abramovitz, M., (1956) Resource and Output Trends in the United States since 1870, , Occasional Paper 52, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York; Anand, S., Hanson, K., DALYs: efficiency versus equity (1998) World Dev., 26, pp. 307-310; Avramovic, D., (1964) Memorandum, Dragoslav Avramovic to George D. Woods, , February 13, 1964, cited in Kapur, Lewis, and Webb, The World Bank, Its First Half Century 208; Cavanaugh, R.W., (1961) World Bank Oral History Program, pp. 63-64. , Interview July 25; Chenery, H.B., The role of industrialization in development programs (1955) Am. Econ. Rev., 45, p. 40; Cole, G.D.H., (1952) Introduction to Economic History, 1750-1950, , Macmillan, London; Currie, L., (1981) The Role of Economic Advisors in Developing Countries, , Greenwood Press, Seattle, WA; Enke, S., (1963) Economics for Development, , Dennis Dobson, London; (1997) Health, Nutrition, and Population, , World Bank Sector Strategy Paper, World Bank, Washington, DC; (1999) Safe Motherhood and the World Bank: Lessons from 10 Years of Experience, , The World Bank, Washington, DC; Johnston, B.F., Mellor, J.W., The role of agriculture in economic development (1961) Am. Econ. Rev., 51, pp. 566-593; Kapur, D., Lewis, J.P., Webb, R., The World Bank. Its First Half Century (1997) History, 1. , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; Kuznets, S., Economic growth and income equality (1955) Am. Econ. Rev., 45, pp. 1-28; Lewis, W.A., Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour (1954) Manch. Sch. Econ. Soc. Stud., 22, pp. 131-191; Lewis, W.A., (1955) Theory of Economic Growth, , George Allen and Unwin, London; Mason, E.S., Asher, R.E., (1973) The World Bank since Bretton Woods, , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; McNamara, R.S., To the board of governors, 1976, Manila, Philippines, October 4, 1976 (1981) The McNamara Years at the World Bank, 1968-1981, p. 337. , Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, R.S. McNamara (Ed.); Morris, J., (1963) The Road to Huddersfield, , Pantheon, New York; Muscat, R.J., (1990) Thailand and the United States: Development, Security, and Foreign Aid, , Columbia University Press, New York; Narayan, N., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A., Koch-Schulte, S., (2000) Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us?, , Oxford University Press, New York; Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M.K., Petesch, P., (2000) Voices of the Poor: Crying Out for Change, , Oxford University Press, New York; Pastor, R.A., (1980) Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1929-1976, , University of California Press, Berkeley, CA; (1999) Disinvesting in Health: The World Bank's Prescriptions for Health, , Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, M. Rao (Ed.); Ruger, J.P., (1998) Aristotelian Justice and Health Policy: Capability and Incompletely Theorized Agreements, , (Ph.D thesis), Harvard University; Ruger, J.P., Health financing and insurance in Morocco (1999) Paper Presented at the Symposium on Health Sector Financing in Morocco, Government of Morocco and the World Bank, Rabat, Morocco, June 1999; Ruger, J.P., Catastrophic health expenditure (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 996-997; Ruger, J.P., Health and development (2003) Lancet, 362, p. 678; Ruger, J.P., Combating HIV/AIDS in developing countries (2004) Br. Med. J., 329, pp. 121-122; Ruger, J.P., Ethics of the social determinants of health (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1092-1097; Ruger, J.P., Health and social justice (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1075-1080; Ruger, J.P., Millennium development goals for health: building human capabilities (2004) Bull. World Health Organ., 82 (12), pp. 951-952; Ruger, J.P., Jamison, D., Bloom, V., Health and the economy (2001) International Public Health: Disease, Programs, Systems, and Policies, pp. 617-666. , Aspen Publishers, New York, M. Merson, R. Black, A. Mills (Eds.); Sartorius, R.H., Ruttan, V.W., The sources of the basic needs mandate (1989) J. Dev. Areas, 23, pp. 331-362; Schieber, G.J., Ruger, J.P., Klingen, N., Pierre-Louis, A.M., Driss, Z.E., (1999) Morocco Health Financing Brief, World Bank Document, , World Bank, Washington, DC; Sen, A.K., (1999) Development as Freedom, , Knopf, New York; Shultz, T.W., Investment in human capital (1961) Am. Econ. Rev., 51, p. 11; Streeten, P., (1977) The Distinctive Features of a Basic Needs Approach to Development, , Basic Needs Paper 2, World Bank Policy Planning and Program Review Department, Washington, DC; Streeten, P., Burki, S.J., ul Haq, M., (1981) First Things First: Meeting Basic Human Needs in Developing Countries, , Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Turshen, M., (1999) Privatizing Health Services in Africa, , Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ; (1989) The State of the World's Children, , Oxford University Press, New York; Van der Gaag, J., Barham, T., Health and health expenditures in adjusting and non-adjusting countries (1998) Soc. Sci. Med., 46, pp. 995-1009; Wagstaff, A., Economics, health and development: some ethical dilemmas facing the World Bank and the international community (2000) J. Med. Ethics, 27, pp. 262-267; Wolf, C., (1960) Foreign Aid: Theory and Practice in Southern Asia, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; (1953) The Economic Development of Nicaragua, , Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD; (1980) World Development Report, 1980, , Oxford University Press, New York; (1984) World Development Report, 1984: Population and Development, , Oxford University Press, New York; (1990) Adjustment Lending: Policies for Sustainable Growth, , World Bank, Washington, DC; (1993) World Development Report, 1993: Investing in Health, , Oxford University Press, New York; (2001) World Development Report, 2000-2001: Attacking Poverty, , Oxford University Press, New York; (2003) Pages from World Bank History: Bank Pays Tribute to Robert McNamara, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/C5CP4J6JA0, March 21,. (accessed November 2007); (2003) Pages from World Bank History: Bank's First Development Loans, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/3AYV8BU3O0, May 30. (accessed November 2007); (2003) Pages from World Bank History: Excerpts from the 1973 Annual Report, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/6C82W9TQ30, (accessed November 2007); Pages from World Bank History: The Fight against Riverblindness (2003), http://www.go.worldbank.org/CO9LM3GDZ0, March 14. (accessed November 2007); (2004) Comprehensive Development Framework, , http://www.web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/STRATEGIES/CDF/0,pagePK:60447rvtheSitePK.14057600.html, (accessed 05.03.04.); International Bank Notes, June 1956 (2007) World Bank, Pages for World Bank History - Bank's 57th Birthday Retrospective, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/6AW2Q9DIH0, (accessed November 2007); (2007) Pages from World Bank History - Bank's 57th Birthday Retrospective, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/6AW2Q9DIH0, (accessed November 2007); (2007) Ten Things You Never Knew about the World Bank, , http://www.digitalmedia.worldbank.org/tenthings/, (accessed November 2007); (2007) What Is the World Bank?, , http://www.worldbank.org/, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1944-1949, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/QEKNM08HO0, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1970-1979, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/847R4CBE80, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1980-1989, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/NRD66T7ZD0, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1990-1999, , http://www.go.worldbank.org/7AT0ENILQ0, (accessed November 2007)},
correspondence_address1={Ruger, J.P.; Yale University School of MedicineUnited States},
publisher={Elsevier Inc.},
isbn={9780128037089; 9780128036785},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Encycl. of Public Health},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meger2016378,
author={Meger, S.},
title={War as Feminized Labour in the Global Political Economy of Neoimperialism},
journal={Postcolonial Studies},
year={2016},
volume={19},
number={4},
pages={378-392},
doi={10.1080/13688790.2016.1317389},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019691102&doi=10.1080%2f13688790.2016.1317389&partnerID=40&md5=34b55fe6ed2a060fda9ad0598aa6affb},
affiliation={Central European University, Budapest, Hungary},
abstract={This article examines the structures of international relations that facilitate political violence in postcolonial states. It explores the intersections of patriarchy and imperialism in the contemporary political economy to understand how armed conflict and political violence in postcolonial states form an integral element of the global economy of accumulation in deeply gendered ways. By focusing on the structural level of analysis, this article argues that the siting of armed conflict in postcolonial contexts serves to maintain neo-colonial relations of exploitation between the West and non-West, and is made both possible and effective through the gendering of political identities and types of work performed in the global economy. I argue here that armed conflict is a form of feminized labour in the global economy. Despite the fact that performing violence is a physically masculine form of labour, the outsourcing of armed conflict as labour in the political economy is ‘feminized’ in that it represents the flexibilization of labour and informalization of market participation. So while at the same time that this work is fulfilling hegemonic ideals of militarized masculinity within the domestic context, at the international level it actually demonstrates the ‘weakness’ or ‘otherness’ of the ‘failed’/feminized state in which this violence occurs, and legitimizes and hence re-entrenches the hegemonic relations between the core and periphery on the basis of problematizing the ‘weak’ state’s masculinity. It is through the discursive construction of the non-Western world as the site of contemporary political violence that mainstream international relations reproduces an orientalist approach to both understanding and addressing the ‘war puzzle’. © 2017 The Institute of Postcolonial Studies.},
author_keywords={feminist international relations;  feminized labour;  gender;  neo-colonialism;  political economy;  postcolonial theory;  war},
references={Harvey, D., (2003) The New Imperialism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Escobar, A., Development, Violence and the New Imperial Order (2004) Development, 47 (1), pp. 15-21; Barkawi, T., Laffey, M., The Imperial Peace: Democracy, Force and Globalization (1999) European Journal of International Relations, 5 (4), pp. 403-434; Pinker, S., (2011) The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, , New York: Viking; Goldstein, J., (2011) Winning The War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide, , New York: Dutton; Barkawi, T., Of Camps and Critiques: A Reply to “Security, War, Violence (2012) Millenium –Journal of International Studies, 41 (1), 126p; Coleman, L., The Gendered Violence of Development: Imaginative Geographies of Exclusion in the Imposition of Neo-liberal Capitalism (2007) The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 9 (2), pp. 204-219; Herring, E., Rangwala, G., Iraq, Imperialism and Global Governance (2005) Third World Quarterly, 26 (4-5), pp. 667-683; Patomaki, H., (2008) The Political Economy of Global Security: War, Future Crises and Changes in Global Governance, , Abingdon, UK: Routledge; Roberts, S., Secor, A., Sparke, M., Neoliberal Geopolitics (2003) Antipode, 35 (5), pp. 886-897; Duffield, M., (2001) Global Governance and The New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security, , London: Zed Books; Peterson, V.S., (2003) A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy: Integrating Reproductive, Productive and Virtual Economies, , London: Routledge; Waylen, G., You Still Dont Understand: Why Troubled Engagements Continue Between Feminists and (Critical) IPE’ (2006) Review of International Studies, 32 (1), pp. 145-164; Spike Peterson, V., New Wars and Gendered Economies’ (2008) Feminist Review, 88 (1), pp. 7-20; Fanon, F., (1963) The Wretched of the Earth, 102p. , New York: Groove Weidenfeld; Spike Peterson, V., Runyan, A.S., (2010) Global Gender Issues in the New Millennium, 144p. , 3rd Edition), Philadelphia: Westview Press; Sjoberg, L., (2013) Gendering Global Conflict: Toward a Feminist Theory of War, , New York: Columbia University Press; Agathangelou, A., Sexing Globalization in International Relations: Migrant Sex and Domestic Workers in Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey’ (2004) Power, Postcolonialism and International Relations: Reading Race, Gender and Class, 150p. , in Geeta Chowdhry and Sheila Nair, London: Routledge; Said, E., (2014) Orientalism, 207p. , New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishers; Nandy, A., (1983) The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism, 4p. , Delhi: Oxford University Press; Fanon, F., Skin, B., (1967) White Masks, 142p. , London: Pluto Press; McClintock, A., (1995) Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest, pp. 364-365. , London: Routledge; Shepherd, L., Veiled References: Constructions of Gender in the Bush Administration Discourse on the Attacks on Afghanistan Post-9/11 (2006) International Feminist Journal of Politics, 8 (1), pp. 19-41; Enloe, C., (2000) Manoeuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives, , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 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correspondence_address1={Meger, S.; Central European UniversityHungary; email: megers@ceu.edu},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={13688790},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Postcolonial Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bennett2016258,
author={Bennett, M.M.},
title={Discursive, material, vertical, and extensive dimensions of post-Cold War Arctic resource extraction},
journal={Polar Geography},
year={2016},
volume={39},
number={4},
pages={258-273},
doi={10.1080/1088937X.2016.1234517},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991259390&doi=10.1080%2f1088937X.2016.1234517&partnerID=40&md5=04a2c1251f5d59635b7cc03251d9f650},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States},
abstract={This paper proposes an integrated framework for rethinking the Arctic resource frontier that involves consideration of its discursive, material, vertical, and extensive dimensions. Such a model enables more rigorous analysis of the drivers of Arctic natural resource extraction in the post-Cold War era than contemporary pronouncements about the region as pristine, unexploited, and newly opened by climate change. Indeed, despite five centuries of extraction, state and corporate discourses position the Arctic as on the brink of unprecedented development. Yet in fact, the development of the Arctic resource frontier represents a place-based, cumulative process that builds on previous rounds of degradation, extraction, and export of commodities ranging from furs to oil. The post-Cold War Arctic resource frontier is a globally networked space of extraction that exemplifies three characteristics of resource frontiers worldwide: existing histories of environmental degradation that legitimize further extraction, vertical intensification fueled by technological and spatio-legal innovations, and a growing array of lateral, fixed connections like pipelines and roads with cities that are increasingly concentrating capital and commodities. I argue that the Arctic’s concretizing links with the world’s urban core are possibly peripheralizing the region within the global economy by creating a path dependency towards deepened resource extraction. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={Arctic;  extraction;  frontier;  natural resources;  periphery;  planetary urbanization},
keywords={environmental degradation;  global economy;  integrated approach;  natural resource;  peripheral region;  post-Cold War;  urbanization, Arctic},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1338850, DGE-1144087},
funding_details={University of California, Los AngelesUniversity of California, Los Angeles, UCLA, PLR # 1338850},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [grant number DGE-1144087], a UCLA Charles F. Scott Fellowship, and an Arctic-FROST [grant number PLR # 1338850] funded meeting and workshop.},
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correspondence_address1={Bennett, M.M.; Department of Geography, 1255 Bunche Hall, Box 951524, United States; email: e.mbennett8@gmail.com},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={1088937X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Polar Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mohaddes2016382,
author={Mohaddes, K. and Pesaran, M.H.},
title={Country-specific oil supply shocks and the global economy: A counterfactual analysis},
journal={Energy Economics},
year={2016},
volume={59},
pages={382-399},
doi={10.1016/j.eneco.2016.08.007},
note={cited By 46},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988009690&doi=10.1016%2fj.eneco.2016.08.007&partnerID=40&md5=93a1b5beca0dd317cf0046d09f3e9d40},
affiliation={Faculty of Economics and Girton College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Economics and USC Dornsife INET, University of Southern California, United States; Trinity College, Cambridge, United Kingdom},
abstract={This paper investigates the global macroeconomic consequences of country-specific oil-supply shocks. Our contribution is both theoretical and empirical. On the theoretical side, we develop a model for the global oil market and integrate this within a compact quarterly model of the global economy to illustrate how our multi-country approach to modeling oil markets can be used to identify country-specific oil-supply shocks. On the empirical side, estimating the GVAR-Oil model for 27 countries/regions over the period 1979Q2 to 2013Q1, we show that the global economic implications of oil-supply shocks (due to, for instance, sanctions, wars, or natural disasters) vary considerably depending on which country is subject to the shock. In particular, we find that adverse shocks to Iranian oil output are neutralized in terms of their effects on the global economy (real outputs and financial markets) mainly due to an increase in Saudi Arabian oil production. In contrast, a negative shock to oil supply in Saudi Arabia leads to an immediate and permanent increase in oil prices, given that the loss in Saudi Arabian production is not compensated for by the other oil producers. As a result, a Saudi Arabian oil supply shock has significant adverse effects for the global economy with real GDP falling in both advanced and emerging economies, and large losses in real equity prices worldwide. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Country-specific oil supply shocks;  Global oil markets;  Global VAR (GVAR);  Identification of shocks;  Impulse responses;  Interconnectedness;  International business cycle;  Iran;  Oil prices;  Oil sanctions;  Saudi Arabia},
keywords={Commerce;  Costs;  Disasters;  Economics;  Impulse response, Global oil market;  Global VAR (GVAR);  Interconnectedness;  International business;  Iran;  Oil Prices;  Oil sanctions;  Oil supply shocks;  Saudi Arabia, Energy resources, business cycle;  energy resource;  global economy;  Gross Domestic Product;  hydrocarbon resource;  macroeconomics;  oil production;  oil supply;  oil trade, Iran;  Saudi Arabia},
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Assoc., 6, pp. 78-121; Kilian, L., Exogenous oil supply shocks: how big are they and how much do they matter for the U.S. economy? (2008) Rev. Econ. Stat., 90, pp. 216-240; Kilian, L., Not all oil price shocks are alike: disentangling demand and supply shocks in the crude oil market (2009) Am. Econ. Rev., 99 (3), pp. 1053-1069; Kilian, L., Murphy, D.P., Why agnostic sign restrictions are not enough: understanding the dynamics of oil market var models (2012) J. Eur. Econ. Assoc., 10 (5), pp. 1166-1188; Kilian, L., Murphy, D.P., The role of inventories and speculative trading in the global market for crude oil (2014) J. Appl. Econ., 29 (3), pp. 454-478; Kilian, L., Rebucci, A., Spatafora, N., Oil shocks and external balances (2009) J. Int. Econ., 77 (2), pp. 181-194; Krichene, N., World crude oil markets: monetary policy and the recent oil shock (2006) IMF Working Paper WP/06/62; Lee, K., Pesaran, M.H., Persistence profiles and business cycle fluctuations in a disaggregated model of UK output growth (1993) Ric. Econ., 47, pp. 293-322; MacKinnon, J.G., Critical values for cointegration tests (1991) Long-Run Economic Relationships: Readings in Cointegration, pp. 267-276. , Engle R. Granger C. Oxford University Press Oxford Chapter 13; Mohaddes, K., Econometric modelling of world oil supplies: terminal price and the time to depletion (2013) OPEC Energy Rev., 37 (2), pp. 162-193; Mohaddes, K., Pesaran, M.H., One hundred years of oil income and the iranian economy: a curse or a blessing? (2014) Iran and the Global Economy: Petro Populism, Islam and Economic Sanctions, , Alizadeh P. Hakimian H. Routledge London; Mohaddes, K., Pesaran, M.H., Oil prices and the global economy: is it different this time around? (2016) USC-INET Research Paper No. 16–21; Peersman, G., Van Robays, I., Cross-country differences in the effects of oil shocks (2012) Energy Econ., 34 (5), pp. 1532-1547; Pesaran, M.H., Time series and panel data econometrics (2015), Oxford University Press Oxford; Pesaran, M.H., Schuermann, T., Weiner, S., Modelling regional interdependencies using a global error-correcting macroeconometric model (2004) J. Bus. Econ. Stat., 22, pp. 129-162; Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Cointegration and speed of convergence to equilibrium (1996) J. Econ., 71, pp. 117-143; Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Generalised impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models (1998) Ecol. Lett., 58, pp. 17-29; Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R.J., Structural analysis of vector error correction models with exogenous I(1) variables (2000) J. Econ., 97, pp. 293-343; Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R.J., Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships (2001) J. Appl. Econ., 16, pp. 289-326; Pesaran, M.H., Smith, R.P., Akiyama, T., Energy Demand in Asian Developing Economies (1998), Oxford University Press Oxford; Rey, H., Dilemma not Trilemma: The Global Financial Cycle and Monetary Policy Independence (2013), Jackson Hole Economic Symposium; Smith, L., Galesi, A., Gvar Toolbox 2.0 (2014), University of Cambridge: Judge Business School},
correspondence_address1={Mohaddes, K.; Faculty of Economics and Girton College, United Kingdom; email: km418@cam.ac.uk},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={01409883},
coden={EECOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Energy Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ovodenko2016106,
author={Ovodenko, A.},
title={Governing oligopolies: Global regimes and market structure},
journal={Global Environmental Politics},
year={2016},
volume={16},
number={3},
pages={106-126},
doi={10.1162/GLEP_a_00368},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983451693&doi=10.1162%2fGLEP_a_00368&partnerID=40&md5=c775152054a8b5478f4fecc9d00e583d},
affiliation={US Department of Energy, United States},
abstract={Historically, governments have adopted legalized, integrated, and global rules to govern oligopolistic industries, such as shipping, chemicals, and industrial production. By contrast, they have adopted nonbinding and unintegrated rules and institutions to govern competitive industries, such as energy, agriculture, and mining, at the national or subnational scale. Considering that competitive producers face greater barriers to political collective action, what explains the form of global governance across these sectors? This article demonstrates that oligopolistic producers are more intensively and extensively regulated than competitive markets because producers in oligopolistic industries can more cost-effectively alter markets to meet environmental goals. Therefore, despite their political influence, oligopolies are regularly called upon to initiate and sustain market transformation on a global scale. New qualitative evidence from two treaty regimes governing different types of markets supports this theory, as well as new quantitative data on the full range of global environmental treaty regimes since World War II. © 2016 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.},
keywords={cost analysis;  environmental issue;  global economy;  governance approach;  integrated approach;  oligopoly;  state role},
references={Andonova, L.B., Public-Private Partnerships for the Earth: Politics and Patterns of Hybrid Authority in the Multilateral System (2010) Global Environmental Politics, 10 (2), pp. 25-53; Burgess, R., Hansen, M., Olken, B.A., Potapov, P., Sieber, S., The Political Economy of Deforestation in the Tropics (2012) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127 (4), pp. 1707-1754; Dahl, R., (1961) Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; de Sombre, E., (2000) Domestic Sources of International Environmental Policy: Industry, environmentalists, and US power, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Drope, J.M., Hansen, W.L., New Evidence for the Theory of Groups: Trade Association Lobbying in Washington, D.C (2009) Political Research Quarterly, 62 (2), pp. 303-316; Falkner, R., (2009) Business Power and Conflict in International Environmental Politics, , Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; (2014) The State of Food and Agriculture: Innovation in Family Farming, , Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; Gareau, B.J., Lessons from the Montreal Protocol Delay in Phasing Out Methyl Bromide (2015) Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 5, pp. 163-168; Gawande, K., Magee, C., Free Riding and Protection for Sale (2012) International Studies Quarterly, 56 (4), pp. 735-747; Haas, P.M., Keohane, R.O., Levy, M.A., (1993) Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Hanegraaff, M., Transnational Advocacy over Time: Business and NGO Mobilization at UN Climate Summits (2015) Global Environmental Politics, 15 (1), pp. 83-104; Krasner, S.D., Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier (1991) World Politics, 43 (3), pp. 336-366; Lambertini, L., (2013) Oligopoly, the Environment and Natural Resources, , New York: Routledge; Marcoux, C., Urpelainen, J., Profitable Participation: Technology Innovation as an Influence on the Ratification of Regulatory Treaties (2014) British Journal of Political Science, 44 (4), pp. 903-936; Mattli, W., Woods, N., (2009) The Politics of Global Regulation, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Meckling, J., Oppose, Support, or Hedge? Distributional Effects, Regulatory Pressure, and Business Strategy in Environmental Politics (2015) Global Environmental Politics, 15 (2), pp. 19-37; Mitchell, R.B., (2002) International Environmental Agreements Database Project, , http://iea.uoregon.edu/; Olson, M., (1965) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Orsini, A., Thinking Transnationally, Acting Individually: Business Lobby Coalitions in International Environmental Negotiations (2011) Global Society, 25 (3), pp. 311-329; Oye, K.A., Maxwell, J.H., Self-Interest and Environmental Management (1994) Journal of Theoretical Politics, 6 (4), pp. 593-624; Urpelainen, J., Early Birds: Special Interests and the Strategic Logic of International Cooperation (2011) Review of International Organizations, 6 (2), pp. 113-140},
correspondence_address1={Ovodenko, A.; US Department of EnergyUnited States},
publisher={MIT Press Journals},
issn={15263800},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Environ. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Westover2016116,
author={Westover, J.H.},
title={The international political economy of worker satisfaction: a cross-national HLM analysis},
journal={Evidence-based HRM},
year={2016},
volume={4},
number={2},
pages={116-143},
doi={10.1108/EBHRM-03-2015-0006},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978039491&doi=10.1108%2fEBHRM-03-2015-0006&partnerID=40&md5=f00be2dc611712b0016a01130234c87e},
affiliation={Department of Management, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, United States},
abstract={Purpose – There is a growing body of comparative research examining country differences in job satisfaction and its determinants. However, existing research cannot explain similarities in job satisfaction levels across very different countries, nor can it explain the differences between seemingly similar countries. Moreover, there has been no significant research conducted to date that has examined the country-level contextual conditions that are poised to impact worker satisfaction and its determinants. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this research, the author address this existing gap in the academic literature on job satisfaction by using non-panel longitudinal data from the International Social Survey Program (Work Orientations I, II, and III: 1989, 1997, and 2005) to examine cross-national differences in job satisfaction and its determinants. The author compare and combine previous international political economy theoretical work and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to examine global macro-level variables and their impact on worker satisfaction cross-nationally. Findings – Study results demonstrate that both intrinsic and extrinsic work characteristics strongly impact worker job satisfaction. Furthermore, country by country regression and HLM results suggest that there are important country differences in both the perceived importance of various work characteristics and workers’ self-report experiences with both intrinsic and extrinsic work characteristics. Research limitations/implications – To get a clearer picture in the HLM analysis as to the full impact of these various country-contextual impacts on differences in perceived job characteristics and worker satisfaction, future research needs to examine a greater number and wider variety of countries, while exploring other theoretically relevant country-level variables that may help to explore country-level differences from these various cross-national theoretical frameworks. Additionally, a more diverse and greater number of participating countries would also potentially help in achieving levels of significance in the level-2 covariates in the HLM models. Practical implications – Due to the fact the worker job satisfaction impacts firm performance and various measures of worker well-being, firms (regardless of economic sector or private/public status) need to be cognizant of these differences and unique challenges and work to tailor management philosophy and policy to create a unique work atmosphere that will benefit the interests of both the employer and the employee, as well as society at large. Originality/value – While the nature of work has changed dramatically in the post-war era in response to economic shifts and an increasingly global economy, particularly over the past two decades, this paper examines the previously unexamined country-level contextual and global macro-historical variables driving differences in work quality and perceived worker satisfaction. © 2016, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={International human resource management;  Labour economics;  Work engagement and commitment},
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correspondence_address1={Westover, J.H.; Department of Management, United States; email: jon.westover@gmail.com},
publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.},
issn={20493983},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Evid.-Based HRM},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Taras2016137,
author={Taras, R.},
title={Islamoskepticism and its counter-narratives: Transnational identity, cultural wars, and religion’s place},
journal={European Identity and Culture: Narratives of Transnational Belonging},
year={2016},
pages={137-155},
doi={10.4324/9781315580913-17},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106455475&doi=10.4324%2f9781315580913-17&partnerID=40&md5=190aec36a2f513f23d3e1363a1bb56c4},
abstract={In the Introduction to this volume, Rebecca Friedman and Markus Thiel contend that liberal, postnational European values, which disregard cultural differences in Europe’s demographics, may exacerbate some of the main problems confronting the EU. These problems include the exclusion of immigrants and the marginalization of minorities in addition to the challenge of accommodating culturally unique EU candidate countries, whether Turkey or the Balkan states. The interplay of, on the one hand, cultural representations within the multi-level governance system in the EU with, on the other, a multiplicity of nationalist identifications makes the narrative construction of a transnational sense of selfhood problematic. A transnational identity is not just an ideal but has practical implications as well: it can shape the normative and geopolitical role that the EU can play globally. Europe’s future place in the rapidly shifting global economy may in large part be determined by how successfully it develops a shared set of values and a common identity. © Rebecca Friedman and Markus Thiel 2012.},
references={Amiraux, V., Religious Discrimination: Muslims Claiming Equality in the EU (2007) European Anti-Discrimination and the Politics of Citizenship: Britain and France., , C. Bertossi (ed, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Balibar, E., Postface (2007) European Anti-Discrimination and the Politics of Citizenship: Britain and France., , C. Bertossi (ed, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Bunzl, M., (2007) Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Hatreds Old and New in Europe., , Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press; Cesari, J., McLoughlin, S., (2005) European Muslims and the Secular State., , Aldershot: Ashgate; (2006) Islamist Extremism in Europe., , Washington, DC: CRS; Fetzer, J.S., Soper, J.C., (2005) Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany., , New York: Cambridge University Press; Fulton, L., Islamic Law: Europe’s Sharia Debate (2009) Euro-Islam.info., , http://www.euro-islam.info/key-issues/islamic-law/, Available at, Accessed 18 July 2011; (2009) Data in Focus Report 2: Muslims (28 May)., , http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/eu-midis/eumidis_muslims_en.htm, Available at, Accessed 2 August 2011; Geissner, V., L’islamophobie en France au regard du débat européen (2005) Musulmans de France et d’Europe, , edited by Rémy Leveau and Khadija Mohsen-Finan. Paris: CNRS Éditions; Gurr, T.D., (1993) Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts., , Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press; Herding, M., Muslims in European Politics (2009) Euro-Islam.info., , http://www.euro-islam.info/key-issues/political-representation, Available at, Accessed 2 August 2011; Henkel, H., Turkish Islam in Germany: A Problematic Tradition or the Fifth Project of Constitutional Patriotism? (2008) Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 28 (1), pp. 113-123. , April; Country Profile: The Conditions of Muslims in France (2004) Monitoring Minority Protection in, , http://www.eumap.org/, EU Member States: Overview. New York: Open Society Institute. Available at, Accessed 2 August 2011; Jacoby, W., Yavuz, H., Modernization, Identity, and Integration (Introduction) (2008) Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 28 (1). , April, 1; Laurence, J., Vaisse, J., (2006) Integrating Islam: Political and Religious Challenges in Contemporary France., , Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press; Leiken, R., Europe’s Angry Muslims (2005) Foreign Affairs, pp. 12-35. , July/August; Liang, C., Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right (2007) Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right., , C. Liang, Aldershot: Ashgate; Malik, K., Islamophobia myth (2005) Prospect Magazine, p. 107. , February; Mamdani, M., (2004) Good Muslim, Bad Muslim., , New York: Doubleday; (2010) MIPEX III, , http://www.mipex.eu/, May). Available at, Accessed 5 August 2011; (2007) The Muslim Weekly., , Mohammed top of baby name table (14-20 December; (2009) Ethnic Profiling in the European Union: Pervasive, Ineffective, and Discriminatory., , New York: Open Society Initiative; Ramadan, T., (2005) Western Muslims and the Future of Islam., , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Robinson, B.A., Do “God” and “Christianity” Have a Place in the European Union Constitution? (2003) Religioustolerance.org, , http://www.religioustolerance.org/const_eu.htm, May). Available at, Accessed 5 August 2011; Roy, O., (2009) Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways., , New York: Columbia University Press; Roy, O., (2009) The Mediterranean and its Metaphors, European University Institute, Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies Distinguished Lecture 2009/02., , Montecatini Terme, Italy; Roy, O., (2009) Secularism Confronts Islam., , New York: Columbia University Press; Schain, M., The Success and Failure of Integration Policy in France and Britain (2009) Diversity in the European Union., , E. Prügl and M. Thiel (eds, New York: Palgrave; Tibi, B., (2007) Political Islam, World Politics and Europe., , London: Taylor & Francis; Archbishop of Canterbury Argues for Islamic Law in Britain (2008) TimesOnline, , http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article3328024.ece, 8 February). Available at; (2008) TimesOnline, , http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article4783532.ece, Anger at Europe’s Far Right “Anti-Islam” Conference (18 September). Available at; Vidino, L., The Muslim Brotherhood’s Conquest of Europe (2005) Middle East Quarterly, 12 (1), pp. 1-11; Vidino, L., The Tripartite Threat of Radical Islam to Europe (2007) inFocus, , http://www.islamist-watch.org/190/the-tripartite-threatof-radical-islam-to-europe, Winter). Available at, Accessed 5 August 2011},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317139607; 9781409437147},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={European Identity and Culture: Narratives of Transnational Belonging},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Roy20161284,
author={Roy, P.},
title={Economic growth, the UN and the Global South: an unfulfilled promise},
journal={Third World Quarterly},
year={2016},
volume={37},
number={7},
pages={1284-1297},
doi={10.1080/01436597.2016.1154440},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964715453&doi=10.1080%2f01436597.2016.1154440&partnerID=40&md5=3eb7d329a837863350d5a1b6c72ad24e},
affiliation={Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy at SOAS, University of London, United Kingdom},
abstract={The most visible success of the UN system has been to foster a multilateral structure of international governance that has proved resilient since World War II. However, this structure has failed to provide a financing mechanism to help developing countries achieve the structural transformations required for broad-based economic growth. Indeed, the Global South has also had many chances to reorder the international financing system but has failed thus far to do so. The global distribution of power remains with the USA and the West; even rising China plays by the contract-enforcement rules of the North in terms of global economic governance. Another critical reason why financing has not been readily available, despite the magnitude of capital flows between developed and developing economies, is that it comes with conditions that induce little ‘effort’ to result in capability development. Policies should be devised to overcome this weakness but they are unlikely within a multilateral framework. However, if the USA and China agree to work together on alternative multilateral systems promoted by the Global South, the potential for positive change increases. © 2016 Southseries Inc., www.thirdworldquarterly.com.},
author_keywords={capability development;  global economic governance;  Global South;  Multilateral development financing;  NIEO;  South–South cooperation;  United Nations},
keywords={capital flow;  developing world;  economic growth;  economic policy;  global economy;  United Nations, China;  United States},
references={Bird, G., The International Monetary Fund and Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence and Policy Options (1996) International Organization, 50 (3), pp. 477-511; Bockman, J., Socialist Globalization against Capitalist Neocolonialism: The Economic Ideas behind the New International Economic Order (2015) Humanity, 6 (1), pp. 109-128; Burley, J., Browne, S., The United Nations and Development: From the Origins to Current Challenges (2015) Wartime Origins and the Future United Nations, pp. 139-159. , Plesch D., Weiss T.G., (eds), New York: Routledge; Childers, E., Urquhart, B., (1999) Renewing the United Nations System, , Darby, PA: Diane Publishing; (2014) Statistics on International Development, , https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/403381/SID-2014-revised-UNDP-figure-feb15.pdf; Emmerij, L., Jolly, R., Weiss, T.G., (2001) Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Gilman, N., The New International Economic Order: A Reintroduction (2015) Humanity, 6 (1), pp. 2-16; Jolly, R., Emmerij, L., Ghai, D., Lapeyere, F., (2004) UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Khan, M.H., (2010) Political Settlements and the Governance of Growth-enhancing Institutions, , London: University of London; Khan, M., Technology Policies and Learning with Imperfect Governance (2013) The Industrial Policy Revolution I: The Role of Government beyond Ideology, pp. 79-115. , Stiglitz J., Lin Y.J., (eds), London: Palgrave; Lazlo, E., Baker, R., Eisenberg, E., (2013) The Objectives of the New International Economic Order, , New York: Pergamon; McMichael, P., (2011) Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; Meagher, R.F., (2013) An International Redistribution of Wealth and Power: A Study of the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, , New York: Pergamon; (2015) Aid at a Glance Charts, , https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance/DACmembers?:embed=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1; Osmańczyk, J.E., Mango, A., (2003) Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: A to F, , London: Routledge; (1976) The Paris Conference on International Economic Co-operation, , London:; Prebisch, R., (1950) The Economic Development of Latin America, and its Principal Problems, , Lake Success, NY: Department of Economic Affairs, United Nations; Roy, P., Financing Gaps, Competitiveness, and Capabilities: Why Bretton Woods needs a Radical Rethink (2014) Wartime History and the Future United Nations, pp. 1-13. , Plesch D., Weiss T.G., (eds), London: Routledge; Sharma, P., Between North and South: The World Bank and the New International Economic Order (2015) Humanity, 6 (1), pp. 189-200; Singer, H.W., The Distribution of Gains between Investing and Borrowing Countries (1950) American Economic Review, 40 (2), pp. 473-485; Toye, J., Toye, R., (2004) The UN and Global Political Economy: Trade, Finance, and Development, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Williamson, J., (1990) Latin American Adjustment: How much has Happened?, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics},
correspondence_address1={Roy, P.; Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy at SOAS, United Kingdom; email: pr16@soas.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={01436597},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Third World Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Porschitz2016343,
author={Porschitz, E.T. and Smircich, L. and Calás, M.B.},
title={Drafting “foot soldiers”: The social organization of the war for talent},
journal={Management Learning},
year={2016},
volume={47},
number={3},
pages={343-360},
doi={10.1177/1350507615598906},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84975073398&doi=10.1177%2f1350507615598906&partnerID=40&md5=de4c73b0f86f6515e478117030166151},
affiliation={Keene State College, United States; University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States},
abstract={The “global war for talent” refers to the increasing competition among organizations and regional governments for top employees. The concept of “war” in this context acts as a powerful metaphor, heightening the intensity with which organizational and regional leaders mobilize their efforts to create, attract, and retain “top talent.” However, this article argues that the “war for talent” is not a distant practice articulated between corporate and state spheres of action but a set of activities directly connected to those in higher education institutions. Framed through the theoretical and methodological approach of Institutional Ethnography, this study tracked students’ activities and experiences with a university’s economic development initiative, Generation Now, showing how the students’ experiences are connected to the global war for talent, how they become its foot soldiers, and with what consequences. More generally, tracing these connections is critical for making sense of contemporary modes of organizing in university classrooms, furthering class hierarchies and neoliberal rationales not necessarily related to students’ educational expectations in the conventional sense. Specifically in this case, experiences derived from classroom activities drafted and differentiated students for a war not of their making while naturalizing their “rightful” places in the global economy. © 2015, © The Author(s) 2015.},
author_keywords={Academic capitalism;  critical management studies;  critical university studies;  Institutional Ethnography;  talent management;  university education},
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New agenda? (2011) Management, 14 (5), pp. 271-279; Cuthbert, R., Students as customers? (2010) Higher Education Review, 42 (3), pp. 3-25; Emerson, R.M., Fretz, R.I., Shaw, L.L., (1995) Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes, , Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Florida, R., (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community, and Everyday Life, , New York: Basic Books; Florida, R., (2008) Who’s Your City: How the Creative Economy Is Making Where to Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life, , New York: Basic Books; Gagnon, S., Compelling identity: Selves and insecurity in global, corporate management development (2008) Management Learning, 39 (4), pp. 375-391; Gergen, K.J., Culturally inclusive psychology from a constructionist standpoint (2015) Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45 (1), pp. 95-107; Giroux, H.A., Neoliberalism, corporate culture, and the promise of higher education: The University as a democratic public sphere (2002) Harvard Educational Review, 72 (4), pp. 425-463; Goyette, K.A., College for some to college for all: Social background, occupational expectations, and educational expectations over time (2008) Social Science Research, 37 (2), pp. 461-484; Greckhamer, T., The stretch of strategic management discourse: A critical analysis (2010) Organization Studies, 31 (7), pp. 841-871; Grey, C., Reinventing business schools: The contribution of critical management education (2004) Academy of Management Learning and Education, 3 (2), pp. 178-186; Grey, C., Mitev, N., Management education—A polemic (1995) Management Learning, 26 (1), pp. 73-90; Hall, S., Geographies of business education: MBA programmes, reflexive business schools and the cultural circuit of capital (2008) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 33 (1), pp. 27-41; Houston, D., Findlay, A., Harrison, R., Will attracting the “creative class” boost economic growth in old industrial regions? 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Contradictions in the institutionalization of critical management studies (2011) Organization, 18 (5), pp. 673-689; Slaughter, S., Rhoades, G., (2004) Academic Capitalism and the New Economy: Markets, State, and Higher Education, , Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press; Smith, D.E., (1987) The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Society, , Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press; Smith, D.E., Telling the truth after postmodernism (1996) Symbolic Interaction, 19 (3), pp. 171-202; Smith, D.E., (1999) Writing the Social: Critique, Theory, and Investigations, , Toronto, ON, Caa: University of Toronto Press; Smith, D.E., (2005) Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People, , Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press; Suspitsyna, T., Higher education for economic advancement and engaged citizenship: An analysis of the US Department of Education discourse (2012) The Journal of Higher Education, 83 (1), pp. 49-72; (2015) Indicators of higher education equity in the United States: 45 year trend report, , http://www.pellinstitute.org/publications-Indicators_of_Higher_Education_Equity_in_the_United_States_45_Year_Report.shtml, accessed 20 February 2015,,. :; Vaiman, V., Collings, D.G., Talent management: Advancing the field (2013) International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24 (9), pp. 1737-1743; Wang, L., Elder, G.H., Spence, N.J., Status configurations, military service and higher education (2012) Social Forces, 91 (2), pp. 397-421; Washburn, J., (2005) University, Inc: The Corporate Corruption of American Higher Education, , New York: Basic Books; Weigt, J., Compromises to carework: The social organization of mothers’ experiences in the low-wage labor market after welfare reform (2006) Social Problems, 53 (3), pp. 332-351; Williams, J., Deconstructing academe: The birth of critical university studies (2012) The Chronicle of Higher Education, , http://chronicle.com/article/An-Emerging-Field-Deconstructs/130791/, accessed 24 February 2014,,. :; Zimmerman, J., From brew town to cool town: Neoliberalism and the creative city development strategy in Milwaukee (2008) Cities, 25 (4), pp. 230-242},
correspondence_address1={Porschitz, E.T.; Department of Management, 229 Main St., United States; email: eporschitz@keene.edu},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={13505076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Manage. Learn.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brown2016183,
author={Brown, B.},
title={The Global 2 % Inflation Standard – How Will it End?},
journal={Atlantic Economic Journal},
year={2016},
volume={44},
number={2},
pages={183-196},
doi={10.1007/s11293-016-9495-5},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84969832938&doi=10.1007%2fs11293-016-9495-5&partnerID=40&md5=1a30d15701db672f394df29049e1cd2d},
affiliation={Head of economic research, Mitsubushi UFJ Securities International plc, London, United Kingdom},
abstract={The Greenspan Fed took the U.S. on to a 2 % inflation standard in 1996. Europe followed with the launch of the euro in 1998. Japan finally joined in 2013. This paper seeks to demonstrate how the standard has been responsible for three serious episodes of asset price inflation in the global economy and also for the unleashing of currency warfare on a scale not seen since the 1930s. Yet the global 2 % inflation standard at least superficially is well entrenched now with the IMF assuming yet another role for itself, guardian of the new monetary “order,” describing actions by its key members to boost inflation and devalue their currencies as “courageous.” The best prospect of over-turning the standard lies within the U.S. political arena but as yet the necessary forces there are weak and ill-formed. If the U.S. were to abandon the standard it would have to accompany this with steps to prevent Europe, Japan and China from waging currency war whilst sticking to the old monetary regime. In practice much of the world would choose to join a dollar standard once the U.S. abandoned the 2 % inflation standard in favour of monetary stability. A failure of the U.S. to break with the 2 % standard would not prevent other countries (most plausibly Japan or Germany) from abandoning it, but such a road would be arduous. In both types of break-up of the 2 % standard (U.S. led and foreign led) there could be a key role for gold, though this is not essential. © 2016, International Atlantic Economic Society.},
author_keywords={Inflation;  Monetary policy},
references={Bernanke, B., (2002) Deflation, Making Sure It does not happen here, , Speech before the National Economists Club, Washington DC; Bernanke, B., (2013) The Federal Reserve and the Financial Crisis, , Princeton University, Princeton; Bernanke, B., (2015) The courage to act, , New York: W.W. Norton & Co; Andrew Filardo and Boris Hofmann (2015) “the costs of deflations: a historical perspective” Bank for International Settlements Quarterly Review, 31–48 (2015) March, p. 18; Brown, B., (2014) Euro crash: how asset price inflation destroys the wealth of nations, , London: Palgrave Macmillan; Brown, B., (2015) A global monetary plague: Asset price inflation and Federal Reserve quantitative easing, , London: Palgrave Macmillan; Brendan “Why reserves at the Fed should pay no interest: how to cure a Friedmanite curse”, Mises Daily (2016) February, p. 23. , https://mises.org/library/central-banks-should-stop-paying-interest-reserves; (1992) Richard M “Ludwig von Mises and the Gold Standard” in “The Gold Standard” (Perspectives in the Austrian School) ed. Llewellyn H. Rockwell) Ludwig von Mises Institute, , Auburn, Alabama, US; Momma, K., Shuji “Monetary Policy after the Great Recession: Japan’s Experience” Javier Valles (ed), Spanish Economic Papers (Funcas Foundation, Madrid (2014) Spain), pp. 73-101. , http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/ubide20140701.pdf; (2015) A global monetary plague: Asset price inflation and Federal Reserve quantitative easing, , Pollock, A. “Introductory essay” In B Brown},
correspondence_address1={Brown, B.; Head of economic research, United Kingdom; email: Brendan.Brown@int.sc.mufg.jp},
publisher={Springer New York LLC},
issn={01974254},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Atl. Econ. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McArthur2016155,
author={McArthur, J.W. and Werker, E.},
title={Developing countries and international organizations: Introduction to the special issue},
journal={Review of International Organizations},
year={2016},
volume={11},
number={2},
pages={155-169},
doi={10.1007/s11558-016-9251-2},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964643062&doi=10.1007%2fs11558-016-9251-2&partnerID=40&md5=662907d8465d92f19f0f037f21f4b893},
affiliation={Brookings Institution, Global Economy and Development Program, 1775 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC  20036, United States; Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, 500 Granville Street, Vancouver, BC  V6C 1W6, Canada},
abstract={We describe four megatrends since the end of the Cold War that relate to developing countries: a greater share of the global economy; more accessible technologies, particularly in communication; breakthroughs in global cooperation in tackling basic human needs; and the evolution of a complex set of problems in spite of the progress. We then examine potential political economy channels that might hinder the ability of international organizations to adapt to the new realities. Introducing the articles to the special issue, we argue for four distinct variables that affect the behavior and character of international organizations: power, norms, preferences, and problems. © 2016, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Developing countries;  Global governance;  International organizations;  Norms;  Political economy;  Power;  Preferences},
funding_text 1={In the study, 3600 Ugandan citizens were asked a series of demographic and attitudinal survey questions and then presented with an actual description of a pipeline aid project that was either depicted as funded by the Ugandan government or by foreign aid. The citizens were then asked to express support for the project by signing a petition or sending an SMS text message. Citizens were significantly more likely to express support, sign the petition, and send the SMS text message for projects funded by foreign aid. Those Ugandans who perceive the government as corrupt or do not support the ruling party were even more trusting of foreign aid over government spending. The results, and the behavior they depict, are consistent with the “donor control” theory, which sees donors as capable of directing aid to meet the needs of citizens. Interestingly, citizens did not display particular preferences across different IOs but viewed them all favorably—more favorably than their own government.},
references={Acharya, A., How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism (2004) International Organization, 58 (2), pp. 239-275; Anderl, F., The myth of the local: How international organizations localize norms rhetorically (2016) Review of International Organizations, 11 (2); Barnett, L., Global governance and the evolution of the international refugee regime (2002) International Journal of Refugee Law, 14.2 and 3, pp. 238-262; Barnett, M., Finnemore, M., (2004) Rules for the world: International organizations in global politics, , Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York; Barro, R.J., Economic growth in a cross section of countries (1991) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (2), pp. 407-443; Biggs, M., McArthur, J.W., Higgins, K., Moloney, D., Sanchez, J., Werker, E., Towards 2030: building Canada’s engagement with global sustainable development (2015) Centre for International Policy Studies, , Working paper, Ottawa, ON; von Borzyskowski, I., Resisting democracy assistance: Who seeks and receives technical election assistance? (2016) Review of International Organizations, 11 (2); Collier, P., (2008) The bottom billion: Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it, , Oxford University Press, USA; Cruz, M., Foster, J., Quillin, B., Schellekens, P., (2015) Ending extreme poverty and sharing prosperity: progress and policies, , Washington, DC: World Bank Policy Research Note; Davis, K.E., Kingsbury, B., Merry, S.E., Indicators as a technology of global governance (2012) Law and Society Review, 46 (1), pp. 71-104; Easterly, W., (2006) The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good, , Penguin, Westminster, London; Ferreira, F.H., Chen, S., Dikhanov, Y., Hamadeh, N., Jolliffe, D., Narayan, A., Prydz, E.B., Yoshida, N., (2015) A Global Count of the Extreme Poor in 2012: Data Issues, Methodology and Initial Results, , (7432). Washington, DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper; Finnemore, M., International organizations as teachers of norms: The United Nations educational, scientific, and cultural organization and science policy (1993) International Organization, 47 (4), pp. 565-597; Florini, A., The evolution of international norms (1996) International Studies Quarterly, 40 (3), pp. 363-389; Gordon, R., (2016) The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War, , Princeton University Press, Princeton; Gray, J., (2012) Life, death, or zombies? The endurance of inefficient regional economic organizations. Conference paper from Political Economy of International Organizations conference, , Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; Haas, E.B., (1990) When knowledge is power: Three models of change in international organizations (Vol. 22), , Univ of California Press, Oakland, California; Hawkins, D.G., Jacoby, W., How agents matter (2006) Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Jenks, B., Kharas, H., (2016) Toward a new multilateralism, , Mimeo, New York, NY; Kaja, A., Werker, E., Corporate governance at the World Bank and the dilemma of global governance (2010) The World Bank Economic Review, 24 (2), pp. 171-198; Kharas, H., The emerging middle class in developing countries (2010) OECD Development Center, , January, Working Paper 285; Lancaster, C., (2007) Foreign aid, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Levy, M.A., Keohane, R.O., Haas, P.M., Improving the effectiveness of international environmental institutions (1993) Institutions for the earth: Sources of effective international environmental protection, pp. 397-426. , Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; Keck, M.E., Sikkink, K., (1998) Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics, , 6, Cornell University Press, Ithaca; Koremenos, B., Lipson, C., Snidal, D., The rational design of international institutions (2001) International Organization, 55 (4), pp. 761-799; (2013), http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/home.htm, Maddison Project database, 2013 version, accessed Mar 18 2016; Manulak, M.W., Leading by design: Informal influence and international secretariats (2016) Review of International Organizations; McArthur, J.W., Seven million lives saved: Under-5 mortality since the launch of the Millennium Development Goals (2014) Brookings Global Economy and Development Working Paper 71, , September; McArthur, J.W., 15 million success stories under the millennium development goals (2015) Brookings Up Front, , http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2015/09/24-million-success-stories-millennium-development-goals-mcarthur, September 24; (2016) Digital Globalization: The New Era of Global Flows, , McKinsey and Company, New York, NY; Milner, H.V., Nielson, D.L., Findley, M.G., Citizen preferences and public goods: Comparing preferences for foreign aid and government programs in Uganda (2016) The Review of International Organizations, , 10.1007/s11558-016-9243-2; Nielson, D.L., Tierney, M.J., Delegation to international organizations: Agency theory and World Bank environmental reform (2003) International Organization, 57 (2), pp. 241-276; Novosad, P., Werker, E., Who runs the international system? Power and the staffing of the United Nations secretariat (2014) Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper, pp. 15-18; Panke, D., Speech is silver, silence is golden? Examining state activity in international negotiations (2016) Review of International Organizations; Park, S., Norm diffusion within international organizations: A case study of the World Bank (2005) Journal of International Relations and Development, 8 (2), pp. 111-141; Peksen, D., Blanton, R.G., The impact of ILO conventions on worker rights: Are empty promises worse than no promises? (2016) Review of International Organizations; Pevehouse, J., von Borzyskowski, I., International Organizations in World Politics (2016) In The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations, , chapter 1, edited by Cogan, J.K., Hurd, I., and Johnstone, I; Roser, M., (2015) Democratisation, , http://ourworldindata.org/data/political-regimes/democratisation/, accessed Mar 23 2016; Stone, R.W., Informal governance in international organizations: Introduction to the special issue (2013) Review of International Organizations, 8 (2), pp. 121-136; Wilson, J.Q., (1989) Bureaucracy: What government agencies do and why they do it, , Basic Books, New York, NY; (2016) World Development Indicators online, , http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators; Zangl, B., Heuβner, F., Kruck, A., Lanzendörfer, X., Imperfect adaptation: How the WTO and the IMF adjust to shifting power distributions among their members (2016) The Review of International Organizations, , 10.1007/s11558-016-9246-z},
correspondence_address1={Werker, E.; Beedie School of Business, 500 Granville Street, Canada; email: ewerker@sfu.ca},
publisher={Springer New York LLC},
issn={15597431},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Int. Organ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sutton2016470,
author={Sutton, A.},
title={British Imperialism and the Political Economy of Malayan Independence},
journal={Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History},
year={2016},
volume={44},
number={3},
pages={470-491},
doi={10.1080/03086534.2016.1160690},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84969847905&doi=10.1080%2f03086534.2016.1160690&partnerID=40&md5=603f5f71dba3a4db6ea4c2204b79ea79},
affiliation={School of International Relations, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom},
abstract={The article focuses on Britain’s relationship with Malaya shortly before and after its independence from the British Empire. The article looks at the negotiations concerning the financial settlement prior to independence. Britain sought to keep Malaya within the sterling area at all costs, even after de jure convertibility had been achieved, due to its high dollar earning capacity, which remained important due to persistent trade deficits with the US from the end of the Second World War. The article argues that this settlement, while seemingly very generous for an independent Malaya, was still very much intended to maintain Britain’s role within the global economy, to ensure sterling’s status as an international currency and to support conditions for British economic growth. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
author_keywords={British imperialism;  Independence;  Malaya;  Political economy;  Sterling area},
references={Amin, M., Caldwell, M., (1977) Malaya: The Making of a Neo-Colony, , Nottingham: Spokesman; Amin, S., (1977) Imperialism and Unequal Development, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Attard, B., Bridgeheads, “Colonial Places” and the Queensland Financial Crisis of 1866 (2013) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 41 (1), pp. 11-16; Attard, B., Dilley, A., Finance, Empire and the British World (2013) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 41 (1), pp. 1-10; (1970) Bank of England Statistical Abstract No.1, , London: HMSO; Barlow, C., (1978) The Natural Rubber Industry: Its Development, Technology, And Economy In Malaysia., , Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press; Bauer, P.T., Malayan Rubber Policy (1957) Political Science Quarterly, 72 (1), pp. 83-99; Bauer, P.T., Post War Malayan Rubber Policy: A Comment (1973) Journal of South East Asian Studies, 4, pp. 133-138; Bukharin, N., (2003) Imperialism and World Economy, , London: Bookmarks; Burnham, P., Marxism, the State, and British Politics (2006) British Politics, 1, pp. 67-83; Burnham, P., (2003) Remaking the Postwar World Economy: Robot and British Policy in the 1950s, , London: Palgrave Macmillan; Cain, P.J., Hopkins, A.G., (1993) British Imperialism: Crisis and Deconstruction 1914–1990, , New York: Longman; Cohen, B.J., (1973) The Question of Imperialism, , New York: Basic Books; Curtis, M., Britain’s Real Foreign Policy and the Failure of British Academia (2004) International Relations, 18 (3), pp. 275-287; Curtis, M., (2003) Web of Deceit: Britain’s Real Role in the World, , London: Vintage; Darwin, J., (1988) Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World, , London: Macmillan; Darwin, J., (2009) The Empire Project, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Darwin, J., (2006) The End of the British Empire: The Historical Debate, , London: Wiley Blackwell; Dumett, R.E., (1999) Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Imperialism: The New Debate on Empire, , London: Longman; Frank, A.G., (1978) Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment, , London: Macmillan; Harper, T.N., (2001) The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Hilferding, R., (1981) Finance Capital: A Study of the Latest Phase in Capitalist Development, , London: Routledge; Hinds, A., (2001) Britain’s Sterling Colonial Policy and Decolonisation, 1939–1958, , London: Greenwood Press; Hinds, A., Sterling and Decolonisation in the British Empire, 1945–1958 (1999) Social and Economic Studies, 48 (4), pp. 97-116; Hinds, A., Sterling and Imperial Policy, 1945–1951 (1987) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 15 (2), pp. 148-169; Holland, R.F., (1985) European Decolonisation 1918–1981: An Introductory Survey, , London: Macmillan; Holland, R.F., The Imperial Factor in British Strategies from Atlee to MacMillan, 1945–1963 (1984) Perspectives on Imperialism and Decolonisation, , Holland R.F., Rizvi G., (eds), London: Frank Cass; (1955) The Economic Development of Malaya, , Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; Jomo, K.S., (1988) A Question of Class: Capital, the State and Uneven Development in Malaya, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Kettell, S., Sutton, A., New Imperialism: Towards a Holistic Approach (2013) International Studies Review, 15 (2), pp. 243-258; Krozewski, G., Finance and Empire: The Dilemma Facing Great Britain in the 1950s (1996) International History Review, 18 (1), pp. 48-66; Krozewski, G., Finance and Empire: A Note in Reply to Catherine R. Schenk (1997) International History Review, 19 (4), pp. 848-851; Krozewski, G., (2001) Money and the End of Empire: British International Economic Policy and the Colonies, 1947–58, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Krozewski, G., Sterling, the “Minor" Territories, and the End of Formal Empire, 1939–1958 (1993) Economic History Review, 46 (2), pp. 239-265; Lenin, V.I., (1934) Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism, , New York: International Publishers; Lim, C.-Y., (1967) Economic Development of Modern Malaya, , Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press; Mitchell, B.R., Jones, H.G., (1971) Second Abstract of British Historical Statistics, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Pradella, L., Imperialism and Capitalist Development in Marx’s Capital (2013) Historical Materialism, 21 (2), pp. 117-147; Rudner, M., The Draft Development Plan of the Federation of Malaya (1972) Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 3 (1), pp. 63-96; Rudner, M., Financial Policies in Post-War Malaya: The Fiscal and Monetary Measures of Liberation and Reconstruction (1975) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 3, pp. 323-348; Rudner, M., Rubber Strategy for Post-War Malaya: 1945–48 (1970) Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 1 (1), pp. 23-36; Schenk, C.R., (1994) Britain and the Sterling Area: From Devaluation to Convertibility in the 1950s, , London: Routledge; Schenk, C.R., Finance and Empire: Confusions and Complexities: A Note (1996) International History Review, 18 (4), pp. 869-872; Schenk, C.R., Malaysia and the End of the Bretton Woods System, 1965–72: Disentangling from Sterling (2008) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 36 (2), pp. 197-220; Schenk, C.R., The Origins of a Central Bank in Malaya and the Transition to Independence, 1954–59 (1993) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 21 (2), pp. 409-431; Schenk, C.R., The Sterling Area and British Policy Alternatives in the 1950s (1992) Contemporary Record, 6 (2), pp. 266-286; Stockwell, A.J., British Imperial Policy and Decolonisation in Malaya, 1942–52 (1984) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 13 (1), pp. 68-87; Stockwell, A.J., Malaysia: The Making of a Neo-Colony? (1998) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 26 (2), pp. 138-156; Strange, S., (1971) Sterling and British Policy: A Political Study of an International Currency in Decline, , London: Oxford University Press; Sutton, A., Towards an Open Marxist Theory of Imperialism (2013) Capital & Class, 37 (2), pp. 217-237; White, N., British Business Groups and the Early Years of Malaysian Independence, 1957–65 (2000) Asia Pacific Business Review, 7 (2), pp. 155-176; White, N., (1996) Business, Government, and the End of Empire: Malaya, 1942–1957, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; White, N., The Frustrations of Development: British Business and the Late Colonial State in Malaya, 1945–57 (1997) Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 28 (1), pp. 103-119; White, N., Government and Business Divided: Malaya 1945–1957 (1994) Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 22 (2), pp. 251-274; White, N., Malaya and the Sterling Area Reconsidered: Continuity and Change in the 1950s (2010) The International Order of Asia in the 1930s and the 1950s, , Shigeru A., White N., (eds), Aldershot: Ashgate; White, N., The Survival, Revival and Decline of British Economic Influence in Malaysia, 1957–70 (2003) Twentieth Century British History, 14 (3), pp. 222-242},
correspondence_address1={Sutton, A.; Department of History and Politics, College Lane, United Kingdom; email: a.sutton@chi.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={03086534},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Imp. Commonw. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Yannakogeorgos20161,
author={Yannakogeorgos, P.A. and Lowther, A.B.},
title={Conflict and cooperation in cyberspace: The challenge to national security},
journal={Conflict and Cooperation in Cyberspace: The Challenge to National Security},
year={2016},
pages={1-309},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052621339&partnerID=40&md5=97f7e03d53716a273e5a0c1d126d2f2e},
affiliation={US Air Force Research Institute, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, AL, United States},
abstract={Conflict and Cooperation in Cyberspace: The Challenge to National Security brings together some of the world's most distinguished military leaders, scholars, cyber operators, and policymakers in a discussion of current and future challenges that cyberspace poses to the United States and the world. Maintaining a focus on policy-relevant solutions, it offers a well-reasoned study of how to prepare for war, while attempting to keep the peace in the cyberspace domain. The discussion begins with thoughtful contributions concerning the attributes and importance of cyberspace to the American way of life and global prosperity. Examining the truths and myths behind recent headline-grabbing malicious cyber activity, the book spells out the challenges involved with establishing a robust system of monitoring, controls, and sanctions to ensure cooperation amongst all stakeholders. The desire is to create a domain that functions as a trusted and resilient environment that fosters cooperation, collaboration, and commerce. Additionally, the book: Delves into the intricacies and considerations cyber strategists must contemplate before engaging in cyber war. Offers a framework for determining the best ways to engage other nations in promoting global norms of behavior. Illustrates technologies that can enable cyber arms control agreements. Dispels myths surrounding Stuxnet and industrial control systems. General Michael V. Hayden, former director of the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency, begins by explaining why the policymakers, particularly those working on cyber issues, must come to understand the policy implications of a dynamic domain. Expert contributors from the Air Force Research Institute, MIT, the Rand Corporation, Naval Postgraduate School, NSA, USAF, USMC, and others examine the challenges involved with ensuring improved cyber security. Outlining the larger ethical, legal, and policy challenges facing government, the private sector, civil society, and individual users, the book offers plausible solutions on how to create an environment where there is confidence in the ability to assure national security, conduct military operations, and ensure a vibrant and stable global economy. © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Yannakogeorgos, P.A.; US Air Force Research Institute, United States},
publisher={CRC Press},
isbn={9781466592025; 9781466592018},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Confl. and Coop. in Cyberspace: The Chall. to Natl. Secur.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Venkatshamy201617,
author={Venkatshamy, K.},
title={The Indian Ocean Region in India's strategic futures: Looking out to 2030},
journal={Power, Politics and Maritime Governance in the Indian Ocean},
year={2016},
pages={17-41},
doi={10.4324/9781315738024},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978452976&doi=10.4324%2f9781315738024&partnerID=40&md5=e7ee88a06780c30c77d584b0b3d37ac2},
affiliation={The Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, India},
abstract={The Indian Ocean has found renewed emphasis in strategic geopolitical discourse and will play an increasing role in global security considerations in the coming decades. From the arc of Islam and Africa on its western reaches to Australia on its east, the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and its adjacent waters are considered to be the theatre of conflict and competition in the twentyfirst century. The geopolitics of the IOR will have wider implications on the transformations taking place in Asia, the global economy, and key global relationships. Along with the global economic balance shifting eastward, the US has shed its fixation with the Atlantic has turned its focus to developments in Asia. A paradigm shift from the assumed stability of the world order, propped up at the end of the Cold War, to the change in global power distribution currently underway has thrown Asia, and concomitantly, the IOR into sharp relief. Though geopolitical movements, amidst the rise of China and India, have set the context for viewing the importance of the IOR in a new light, the strategic imperatives of several enduring trends make the region a hotbed of global challenges. © 2015 Indian Ocean Research Group. All rights reserved.},
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Pandya (Eds.), Washington: Stimson; Lenczowski, G., The arc of crisis: its central sector (1979) Foreign Affairs, , http://www.foreignaffairs.com, Spring, Retrieved from; Masters, J., (2012) Backgrounder: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), , http://www.cfr.org/yemen/al-qaeda-arabian-peninsula-aqap/p9369; McCartan, B., China outward bound through Myanmar (2011) Asia Times, , http://www.atimes.com, January 8, Retrieved from; Menon, S., (2009) Maritime imperatives of Indian foreign policy, , September, Paper presented at the National Maritime Foundation, New Delhi; Naseer, A., (1997) Status of coral mining in the Maldives: impacts and management options, , http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5623E/x5623e0o.htm; (2012) Third round of Indo_US strategic dialogue: Joint statement, , http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/third-round-of-indo-us-strategic-dialoguejoint-statement-231160; (2011) The economic cost of Somali Piracy 2011, , http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/sites/default/files/economic_cost_of_piracy_2011.pdf; Pallewatta, N., Impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems in the Indian Ocean Region (2010) Coastal zones and climate change, pp. 3-16. , D. Michel & A. Pandya (Eds.), Washington: Stimson; Pandya, A., No man's sea: international rules and pragmatic cooperation (2009) The Indian Ocean: resource and governance challenges, pp. 67-92. , E. Laipson & A. Pandya (Eds.), Washington: Stimson; Peiris, N., (2007) Hambantota Harbour and an exile's return _ geo-political dimensions of an invasive species, , http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers24%5Cpaper2347.html; (2011) The Economist, , http://www.economist.com/node/18061574#footnote1, February 3, Retrieved from; Qian, Yannan, (2012) China eyes developing deep-sea mining tech by 2030, , http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-05/29/c_131617250.htm; Rabbani, G., Rahman, A.A., Islam, N., Climate change and sea level rise: issues and challenges for coastal communities (2010) Coastal zones and climate change, pp. 17-30. , D. Michel & A. Pandya (Eds.), Washington: Stimson; Raj, A., The Straits of Malacca under the threat of a maritime terrorist attack (2010) Turkish Weekly, , http://www.turkishweekly.net, May 24, Retrieved from; Rao, N., (2010) India as a consensual stakeholder in the Indian Ocean: policy contours, , http://maritimeindia.org/sites/all/files/pdf/FS_speech_at_NMF_Nov2010.pdf; Rao, P.V., Indian Ocean maritime security cooperation: employment of navies and other maritime forces (2009) Proceedings from the Indian Ocean Maritime Security Symposium, pp. 6-10. , Australian Defence College (Ed.), Canberra: University of Wollongong; Roger-Lacan, V., (2012) Need for a security architecture in the Indian Ocean Region, , Paper presented at the NMF Annual Sea Power Conference, New Delhi; Sakhuja, V., (2010) Security threats and challenges to maritime supply chains, , http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2959.pdf; Schuman, M., How to defeat pirates: success in the Strait (2009) Time, , http://www.time.com, April 22, Retrieved from; Shivananda, H., (2012) China's pipelines in Myanmar, , http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/ChinasPipelinesinMyanmar_shivananda_100112; (2010) The maritime future of the Indian Ocean: putting the 'G' back into great power politics, , http://www.hcss.nl/reports/the-maritime-future-of-the-indian-ocean-putting-the-g-back-into-great-powerpolitics/4/, Report No. 13) Retrieved from; (2012) Daily Star, , http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Middle-East/2012/Jun-09/176236-uae-readies-oil-export-detour-to-avoid-hormuz.ashx#axzz1xUyPRrqu, June 9, Retrieved from; Somalia end of transition roadmap, , http://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/110906%20-%20Initialled%20Roadmap.pdf, nd, Retrieved from; (2010) International piracy and armed robbery at sea: hindering maritime trade and water transportation around the world, , http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/USGOV_IntlPiracy_ArmedRobberySea.pdf, Special report.) Retrieved from; Wetherald, H.D., (2012) Maritime security challenges and opportunities, , Paper presented at NMF Annual Sea Power Conference, New Delhi},
correspondence_address1={Venkatshamy, K.; The Institute for Defence Studies and AnalysesIndia},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Inc.},
isbn={9781317572442; 9781138828872},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Power, Polit. and Marit. Gov. in the Indian Ocean},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ghatak2016274,
author={Ghatak, S.},
title={Willingness and Opportunity: A Study of Domestic Terrorism in Post-Cold War South Asia},
journal={Terrorism and Political Violence},
year={2016},
volume={28},
number={2},
pages={274-296},
doi={10.1080/09546553.2014.902813},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961203641&doi=10.1080%2f09546553.2014.902813&partnerID=40&md5=bdbcae0d12b2e7c38dab2962d6f74e04},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States},
abstract={Domestic terrorism, as a form of intrastate violence, has varied widely in South Asia along with the post-Cold War period of global economic integration and political openness. How are these two phenomena—economic integration and emergence of democracies—related to domestic terrorism in South Asia? I argue that resorting to terrorism is a rational choice when individuals'/groups' cost of heterogeneity—deprivation from public goods due to geographical and ideological distance—increases; opportunity is provided by democratization and integration into the global economy. The testable hypotheses derived from the theory are empirically tested on a dataset of five South Asian countries for the time period between 1990 and 2007. The results show that both minority discrimination and presence of unconsolidated democratic institutions increase terrorism in the highly heterogeneous South Asian countries. International trade in the presence of minority discrimination increases homegrown terrorism, but foreign direct investment neither increases nor decreases such incidents. © 2016, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
author_keywords={democratization;  discrimination;  domestic terrorism;  globalization;  public goods},
correspondence_address1={Ghatak, S.; Department of Political Science, 1001 McClung Tower, United States; email: sghatak@utk.edu},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={09546553},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Terrorism Polit. Violence},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Roberts201615,
author={Roberts, W. and Bilginsoy, C.},
title={Risking life and limb in the global economy: Scrap metal price and landmine/UXO incidents in Cambodia},
journal={World Development Perspectives},
year={2016},
volume={1},
pages={15-22},
doi={10.1016/j.wdp.2016.05.003},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988422425&doi=10.1016%2fj.wdp.2016.05.003&partnerID=40&md5=28873718ea7dc71fc70b504898c80180},
affiliation={Western Governors University, College of Business, 1632 W. 1830 S, Syracuse, UT  84075, United States; University of Utah, Department of Economics, 332 South 1400 East, Room 222, Salt Lake City, UT  84112, United States},
abstract={Collecting leftover landmines and UXO to sell them to metal scrap yards is an important source of cash income for many people in former theaters of military conflict. It also exposes the scrappers to bodily harm. While the role of financial incentives is recognized by landmine/UXO action organizations, the impact of economic factors on the prevalence of landmine/UXO incidents has not yet been subjected to quantitative analysis. In this paper we address this gap by estimating the elasticity of landmine/UXO incidents in Cambodia with respect to the scrap metal price. We hypothesize that handling landmine/UXO for scrapping purposes (tampering) is price elastic while handling for non-financial purposes or unwitting encounters (accidents) is price inelastic. We test these hypotheses using a unique monthly scrap metal price series collected from final scrapyards on the Thai border. Our study finds supporting evidence for both hypotheses: the elasticity of tampering is unitary while the elasticity of accidents is not different from zero. An important component of mitigating landmine/UXO incidents in Cambodia is the removal of explosive ordnance by specialized teams in situ after these explosive remnants of war are discovered and reported by local villagers. Our findings suggest that the success of these operations requires rewarding villagers by giving them claim over the metal fragments or paying them a competitive price for metal because otherwise villagers would have less of an incentive to report discovered ordnance. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},
author_keywords={Cambodia;  Landmines;  Price elasticity;  Scrapping;  UXO},
references={Asian Development Bank, Rural development in Cambodia: Key issues and constraints (2012), Asian Development Bank Mandaluyong City, Philippines; Bottomley, R., Crossing the divide: Landmines, villagers and organizations: PRIO Report 1/2003 (2003), International Peace Research Institute Oslo; Cameron, A.C., Trivedi, P.K., Microeconometrics using Stata (2010), Stata Press Publication College Station, Texas; Carpenter, K., A basic consumer price index for Cambodia 1993–2009: CDRI working paper series No. 67 (2012), Development Resource Institute Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Keeley, R., (2008), Study on scrap metal collectors/dealers: Quang Tri, Quang Binh and Thua Thien Hue. Project RENEW and Norwegian People's Aid Final Report. July; Landmine Action, Explosive remnants of war: A global survey (2003), Landmine Action London; McCarthy, R., Mine/UXO casualties and casualty surveillance in Cambodia (2001) Focus, (5/1); Moyes, R., Tampering: Deliberate handling and use of live ordnance in Cambodia: Report for Handicap International-Belgium, Mines Advisory Group, and Norwegian People's Aid (2004); Moyes, R., Vannachack, L., A study of scrap metal collection in Lao PDR (2005), Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining Geneva; NGO Forum, Impact of climate change on rice production in Cambodia (2012), NGO Forum on Cambodia Phnom Penh; (2010), http://www.pecad.fas.usda.gov/highlights/2010/01/cambodia/, USDA. Cambodia: Future growth rate of rice production is uncertain, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Commodity Intelligence Report January 6, 2010, (<> (accessed September 18, 2015); Wells-Dang, A., A regional approach: mine and UXO risk reduction in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia (2006) Journal of Mine Action, (9/2). , http://www.jmu.edu/cisr/journal/9.2/focus/wells-dang/wells-dang.shtml, <> (Accessed December 11, 2015); Wooldridge, J.M., Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data (2010), 2nd ed. The MIT Press Cambridge, MA; Yu, B., Diao, X., Cambodia's agricultural strategy: Future development options for the rice sector: A policy discussion paper: Special Report No. 9 (2011), CDRI Phnom Penh},
correspondence_address1={Bilginsoy, C.; University of Utah, 332 South 1400 East, Room 222, United States; email: bilginsoy@economics.utah.edu},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={24522929},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World Develop. Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Rimanelli2016207,
author={Rimanelli, M.},
title={Origins of Arab-Israeli Conflicts in the “Greater Middle-East”},
journal={The Ashgate Research Companion to War: Origins and Prevention},
year={2016},
pages={207-227},
doi={10.4324/9781315613741-20},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148145259&doi=10.4324%2f9781315613741-20&partnerID=40&md5=4406589e4220dc37a0568ea6bb9c3d04},
affiliation={Saint Leo University, Tampa, FL, United States},
abstract={Since Antiquity the geo-strategic role of the “Greater Middle-East” region (from Morocco in the West to Arabia and Iran in the East) has grown in world trade with its vital land-, sea-and air-bridges to Europe, North Africa, Central Asia and India via the Straits of Gibraltar to the Suez Canal and Turkish Straits. Also, the geo-economic importance of the Middle-East as the energy “life-line” of the global economy has skyrocketed since the 1960s, as it is the main oil/gas source with twothirds of all oil reserves and 50 percent of oil imports by the United States (US) and West (Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia). Thus, the old vague geo-political term of “Middle-East” has slowly expanded from its traditionally narrow historic “Green Crescent/Middle-East” (Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq) to the geostrategic “Middle-East/Gulf” of the Cold War (1946-90) and the current “Greater Middle-East” (2004 G-8 Summit) now encompassing the entire “Arab World” from North Africa’s Maghreb to oil-rich Arabia/Persian Gulf (or “Gulf” since 1980) and regional non-Arab Muslim states (Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan), plus Israel. © Hall Gardner and Oleg Kobtzeff 2012.},
references={Goldschmidt, A., Jr., Davidson, L., (2006) A Concise History of the Middle East, pp. 1-85. , Boulder, CO: Westview; Zinni, T., (2004) Battle Ready, , New York: Putnam; Esposito, J.L., Mogahed, D., (2007) Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think, , New York: Gallup Press; Goldschmidt, A., Jr., Davidson, L., A Concise History of the Middle East, pp. 5-100; Karsh, E., (2001) Islamic Imperialism: A History, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Goldschmidt, A., Jr., Davidson, L., A Concise History of the Middle East, pp. 85-130; Kinross, L., (1977) The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, , New York: Morrow Quill; Dehio, L., (1962) The Precarious Balance: Four Centuries of the European Power Struggle, , New York: Vintage; Goldschmidt, A., Jr., Davidson, L., A Concise History of the Middle East, pp. 130-200; Taylor, A.J.P., (1950) The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1914, , London; (1973) History until 1880, , Jerusalem: Keter; (1974) Anti-Semitism, , Jerusalem: Keter; Sachar, H.M., (1976) A History of Israel From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, , New York: Knopf; Westwell, I., (2008) The Ultimate Illustrated History of World War I, , London: Hermes House; Smith, C.D., (2007) Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, , Boston: Bedford; Lorch, N., (1976) One Long War, , Jerusalem: Keter; Weinberg, G., (1994) A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Pollack, K., (2004) Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991, , Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press; Katz, S., (1973) Battleground: Fact and Fantasy in Palestine, , New York: Bantam; Prior, M., (1999) Zionism and the State of Israel: A Moral Inquiry, , London: Routledge; Quigley, J., (2005) The Case for Palestine: An International Law Perspective, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Spanier, J., (1987) American Foreign Policy, , Washington, DC: C.Q. Press; Rimanelli, M., (2009) NATO and Other International Security Organizations: Historical Dictionary, , Lanham, MD:Scarecrow/Rowman, Littlefield; Childers, E.B., (1962) The Road to Suez: A Study of Western-Arab Relations, , London: MacGibbon and Kee; Hercombe, P., Hamelin, A., (2006) L’Affaire de Suez: Le Pacte Secret, , Paris:France 5/Transparence; House, J.M., (2001) Combined Arms Warfare in the Twentieth Century, pp. 122-127 and 226-238. , Lawrence, KS:University Press of Kansas; Love, K., (1969) Suez: The Twice-Fought War; A History, , New York: McGraw Hill; Tal, D., (2001) The 1956 War: Collusion and Rivalry in the Middle East, , London: F. Cass; Alteras, I., (1993) Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-60, , Gainesville, FL:University Press of Florida; Kissinger, H., (1994) Diplomacy, , New York: Touchstone; Gawrych, G.W., (2000) The Albatross of Decisive Victory: War and Policy Between Egypt and Israel in the 1967 and 1973 Arab-Israeli Wars, , Hartford, CN: Greenwood; Oren, M., (2002) Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bowen, J., (2003) Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East, , London: Simon and Schuster; Shemesh, M., (2008) Arab Politics, Palestinian Nationalism and the Six Day War, , London: Sussex Academic Press; van Creveld, M., (1975) Military Lessons of the Yom Kippur War: Historical Perspectives (The Washington Papers), , London: Sage-CSIS; Ferrari, J.-C., (1974) La Guerra del Petrolio: Il Quarto Conflitto Arabo-Israeliano, , Roma: Coines; Bregman, A., (2002) Israel’s Wars: A History Since 1947, , London: Routledge; Meyer, L., (1982) Israel Now: Portrait of a Troubled Land, , New York: Delacorte; Mansour, C., (1994) Beyond Alliance: Israel and U.S. Foreign Policy, , New York: Columbia University Press},
correspondence_address1={Rimanelli, M.; Saint Leo UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317041115; 9780754678267},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Ashgate Research Companion to War: Origins and Prevention},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Schoen201669,
author={Schoen, B.},
title={Southern Wealth, Global Profits: Cotton, Economic Culture, and the Coming of the Civil War},
journal={Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series},
year={2016},
pages={69-90},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-40268-0_5},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145049675&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-40268-0_5&partnerID=40&md5=316dd529ff4e50137cb3ff808246f45c},
affiliation={Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States},
abstract={A growing literature has discussed the transnational effects of the US Civil War on topics ranging from military history to the complicated diplomatic crises that the war created in Europe to its jarring effects on the global economy. We do well also to think about how the transnational landscape framed the way that contemporaries understood the chaotic events leading up to secession and the North’s decision to prevent it. Globally, struggles to achieve nationhood through independence or unification and the expansion of individual rights helped define the era around which citizens of the USA led themselves into war. That battle—it appeared at the time—had advanced but remained unstable in the Western Hemisphere and had lost steam in Old Europe with the failure of the 1848 revolutions.1 Few westerners thought much about what the desires or prospects of nationhood were for African or Asian peoples living under the shadow of European imperialism, though events in those continents did not escape their observation, nor should they ours. © 2016, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Baton Rouge;  European Power;  Free Trade;  Republican Party;  Slave Trade},
references={Egerton, D.R., Rethinking Atlantic Historiography in a Postcolonial Era: The Civil War in a Global Perspective,” The Journal of the Civil War Era 1 (2011): 79–95; Michael E. Woods, “What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said About the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature,” Journal of American History 99 (2012): 415–439. Andre M. Fleche, The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in the Age of Nationalist Conflict (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012). Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992); Timothy Mason Roberts, Distant Revolutions: 1848 and the Challenge to American Exceptionalism (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009); Paul Quigley, “Secessionists in an Age of Secession: The Slave South in Transatlantic Perspective Secession as an International Phenomenon: From America’s Civil War to Contemporary Separatist Movements, Ed. Don H. Doyle, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2010), 151–173. Don H. Doyle, Nations Divided: America, Italy, and the Southern Question, p. 2002. , Athens: University of Georgia Press; Pomeranz, K., The Great Divergence China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000); Nicholas and Peter Onuf, Nations, Markets, andWar: ModernHistory and the American Civil War (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006). Jay Sexton (2005) Debtor Diplomacy: Finance and American Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era, 1837-1873. , New York: Oxford University Press; Brian Schoen, The Fragile Fabric of Union: Cotton, Federal Politics, and the Global Origins of the Civil War (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009); Sven Beckert, “Emancipation and Empire: Reconstructing the Worldwide Web of Cotton Production in the Age of the American Civil War,” The American Historical Review 109 (2004): 1405–1438; Douglas Farnie and David Jeremy, The Fibre That Changed the World: The Cotton Industry in International Perspective, 1600–1990s (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom, (Cambridge: Harvard Belknap Press, 2013); Edward Bartlett Rugemer, The Problem of Emancipation (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2009), 180–221; “East Indian Cotton,” Southern Quarterly Review, 1 (1842): 449; Duff Green in United States Telegraph, August 21, 1833; William Freehling, Road to Disunion: Vol. I: Secessionists at Bay (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), I: 385–387; Thomas Hietala, Manifest Design: American Exceptionalism & Empire (1985: Ithaca: Cornell University, 2003); Green to Calhoun, January 24, 1842, in Correspondence of John C. Calhoun, ed. Jameson, (Washington: GPO, 1900), 2:842–843; “East Indian Cotton,” Southern Quarterly Review, 1 (1842), 449; Rugemer, Problem of Emancipation, 204–220, especially 204–220; Edgar L. Erickson, “The Introduction of East Indian Coolies into the British West Indies,” Journal of Modern History 6 (1934): 127–146; New Orleans Bee in Mississippi Free Trader and Natchez Gazette, May 8, 1844; “East India Cotton,” Mississippi Free Trader and Natchez Gazette, (Natchez, MS), October 11, 1843; Frenise A. Logan, “A British East India Company Agent in the United States 1839–1840,” Agricultural History 48 (1974): 267–276; Rowley, C.K., Tollison, R.D., Tullock, G., The Political Economy of Rent Seeking (Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1988), 207–208; Donald N. McCloskey, “Magnanimous Albion: Free Trade and British National Income, 1841–1881 (1980) Explorations in Economic History, 2Nd Series, 17, p. 308; George McDuffie to George Wilson, 11 March 1845, MSS, Papers of George Wilson, Manchester (UK) Central Library, M20/vol. 8; Congressional Globe, 29 Cong., 1 sess. 296 (February, 1846); Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire, 1854–1861 (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002); Schoen, Fragile Fabric, 190–196; Johnson, River of Dark Dreams, 395–420; Edward B. Bryan, Letters to the Southern People… (Charleston: Press of Walker, Evans and Co., 1858), esp. 20; Robert E. Bonner, “Proslavery Calculations and Disunion,” in Secession as an International Phenomenon, Doyle, Secession as an International Phenomenon, 115–132; Clarendon to Palmerston, December 23, 1855, quoted in Kenneth Bourne, Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815–1908 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1967), 191. Also Kenneth Bourne, “The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and the Decline of British Opposition to the Territorial Expansion of the United States, 1857–1860,” Journal of Modern History 33 (1961): 287–291; William Henry Trescot, A Few Thoughts on the Foreign Policy of the United States (Charleston: John Russell, 1849), 11, 8. Sam W. Haynes, Unfinished Revolution: The Early American Republic in a British World (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010), Chapter 12; Schoen, Fragile Fabric of Union, ch. 5; U.S. Government, Treaties and Conventions Concluded between the United States of America and Other Powers, revised edition (Washington D.C: GPO, 1873), 58, 450, 535, 641, 856; John C. Claiborne, Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 35th Congress. 1st session, Ex. Doc. No 35, on Breman report, 35–38; Douglas, A., Farnie, “Merchants as Prime Movers,” in Fibre That Changed the World, Farnie, and Jeremy Table 2, 1, p. 23; Congressional Globe, 35th Cong., 1st Sess., 961–962. See James L. Huston, The Panic of 1857 and the Coming of the Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987); Hall, C., (2002) Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination 1830–1867, , 1st ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Reprinted in Charleston Mercury, April 28, 1858; (1965) Southern Wealth and Northern Profits (1860, pp. 41-42. , Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press; Nye, J.V., The Myth of Free-Trade Britain and Fortress France: Tariffs and Trade in the Nineteenth Century (1991) The Journal of Economic History, 51, pp. 23-46. , table 6; Blackett, R.J.M., Hearts, D., Britain and the American Civil War, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000); Henry Blumenthal (1959) A Reappraisal of Franco-American Relations, 1830-1871. , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Bryan, Letters, 20; Townsend, J., (1860) The South Alone Should Govern the South and African Slavery Should Be Controlled by Those Only Who are Friendly to It, 8, pp. 18-20. , Charleston: Evans and Cogswell; Ephraim Douglass, Great Britain and the American Civil War (1925: Dodo Press, 2006), I: 61–62; Kettel, Southern Wealth and Northern Profits, 61; Cobb, “Secessionist Speech, Monday Evening, November 12,” in Secession Debated, Freehling, and Simpson, 15; (2011) Nationalism and the American South, 1848–1865, pp. 87-127. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Despatch from the British Consul at Charleston to Lord John Russell, 1860 (1913) The American Historical Review, 18, pp. 783-787; William Mure to Russell, December 13, 1860, quoted in Walther, William Yancey, 303; Grant, S.-M., South, N.O., (1976) Northern Nationalism and American Identity in the Antebellum Era (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2000); David Potter, the Impending Crisis, 1848–1861, p. 420. , New York: Harper & Row; “Republican Party Platform of 1860,” May 17, 1860. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29620. Accessed 2/6/2015; Sven Beckert, The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850–1896 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Philip S. Foner, Business & Slavery (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941); (1861) Notes on “Southern Wealth and Northern Profits,” (Philadelphia: C, , Sherman and Son, Printers; New York Times, November 3, 1860; Windom, W., (1965) The Homestead Bill--Its Friends and Its Foes. March 14, 1860 (Washington: Buell and Blanchard, 1860). Economists have also Identified the Redirection of Commodities from New Orleans to New York: Albert Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Antebellum Economy, pp. 275-288. , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Richard H. Abbott, Cotton and Capital (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009), 59; Kinley J. Brauer, Cotton versus Conscience: Cotton versus Conscience: Massachusetts Whig Politics and Southwestern Expansion, 1843–1848, (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1967); Thomas H. O’Connor, Lords of the Loom, the Cotton Whigs and the Coming of the Civil War, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968); Kenneth M. Stampp, And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis, 1860–1861 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006). Marc Egnal, Clash of Extremes: The Economic Origins of the Civil War (New York, New York: Hill and Wang, 2009), esp. 205–257; Merchant of Philadelphia’s, The End of the Irrepressible Conflict, and The Ides of March: Or, Abraham Lincoln, Private Citizen (Philadelphia: King and Baird, 1860–1861); Daniel Kilbride (2006) An American Aristocracy: Southern Planters in Antebellum Philadelphia (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press; Michael Holt, Forging a Majority the Formation of the Republican Party in Pittsburgh, 1848–1860. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). And Judith Giesberg, “The Most Northern of Southern Cities,” in The New York Times: Opinionator, May 22, 2011: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/the-most-northern-of-southern-cities/accessed August 24, 2011; Henry Charles Carey, The Slave Trade, Domestic and Foreign: Why It Exists, and How It May Be Extinguished (New York: A.M. Kelley, 1853); Carey, H.C., (1858) Letters to the President: On the Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Union, and Its Effects, as Exhibited in the Condition of the People and the State, p. 170. , Philadelphia: M. Polock; Onuf and Onuf, Nation’s, Markets, and War, 280; 291–331 pas-sim; Carey, The Slave Trade, Domestic and Foreign, chs. 16–19; Richard Franklin Bensel, Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 51–57, quote from 55; Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 1st Session, p. 2056; Smith, G.W., Henry, C., (1951) Carey and American Sectional Conflict, pp. 84-88. , Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press; The Five Cotton States and New York… ([Philadelphia (1861) N.P.]; Ibid., 64; Notes on “Southern Wealth and Northern Profits, p. 29; (1964) A Cotton Conspiracy,” in Philadelphia Inquirer, February 11, 1861, in Howard Perkins, Northern Editorials on Secession, pp. 866-867. , Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith; Ibid., 853–855; Chicago Daily Tribune (1861) 558; “The First Act of Illegal Violence,” Daily Chicago Post, December 29, 1860,” (203–206); “Secession and the Revenue Laws,” Philadelphia Press, January 15, 1861 (“levying war”) (216–220) “Southern Repudiation of Debts Due the North,” (Montpelier, VT) Green Mountain Freeman, May 17, 1861 ibid., 605–606; Northern Editorials, pp. 607-618; Colwell, Five Cotton States and New York, 29; Northern Editorials, pp. 698-600; For example, New York Herald, November 14, 1860; The State of the Country,” Cincinnati Daily Commercial, March 23, 1861, in Perkins, Northern Editorials, I: 371–375; (1862) 1861, pp. 328-331. , London: Chapman and Hall; Palin, S.M.-W., The Civil War’s Forgotten Transatlantic Tariff Debate and the Confederacy’s Free Trade Diplomacy (2013) Journal of the Civil War Era, 3, pp. 35-61; Chittenden, L.E., (1864) A Report on the Debates and Proceedings of the Secret…, , New York: D. Appleton and Co; “Austria or America?,” Cincinnati Daily Commercial, December 1, 1860 and “The Sepoys of Montgomery,” Albany Evening Journal, May 10, 1861 and “Our Foreign Relations,” New York Daily Tribune, June 3, 1861, Perkins, Northern Editorials, 510–512, 973; Smith, Henry C. Carey and American Sectional Conflict, 96; Lincoln’s First Inaugural. See Richard Carwardine, “Lincoln’s Horizons: The Nationalist as Universalist,” in The Global Lincoln, eds. Richard Carwardine and Jay Sexton (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 28–43; Gary W. Gallagher, The Union War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011); Elizabeth Varon (2008) Disunion!: The Coming of The American Civil War, 1789-1859. , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press; Henry Carey, “American Civil War: Correspondence with Mr. H. C. Carey of Philadelphia,” ([London], August-September, 1861), 4, 7; For discussion of the humanitarian motives for intervention see: Howard Jones, Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2010); Smith, Henry C. Carey and American Sectional Conflict, 98; The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 16, 1861, quoted in Giesberg, “The Most Northern of Southern Cities.”},
correspondence_address1={Schoen, B.; Ohio UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={26346273},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Palgrave. Macmillan. Transnatl. Hist. Ser.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sommers2016589,
author={Sommers, J. and Koltashov, V.},
title={Russia, the United States and Ukraine in the Long Economic Crisis: Assessments and Prospects for the Developmental State},
journal={International Critical Thought},
year={2016},
volume={6},
number={4},
pages={589-602},
doi={10.1080/21598282.2016.1242086},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142485943&doi=10.1080%2f21598282.2016.1242086&partnerID=40&md5=32fe2d48d4ab69ccdbe961fc22a293a5},
affiliation={Institute of World Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States; Department of Political Economy, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={The ingredients for conflict in Ukraine and a New Cold War were stirred in with the preparation of the post-Soviet order. More Treaty of Versailles than Bretton Woods, Russia was treated as the loser of the Cold War rather than strategic partner by the United States. This outcome was pre-configured by the global long economic crisis that began in the 1970s, along with the related challenges to the United States’ short-lived hegemony. Attempts to resolve these crises were in part handled through a “spatial fix” to further incorporate the post-USSR’s natural materials into global trade circuits in order to depress their prices. This model met with temporary success in the 1990s, but did not result in long-term solutions for the global economy and US attempts to create a unipolar world. This process has been in part inspected through the frameworks of Nikolai Kondratiev and Robert Brenner and concludes with a developmental-state proposal for Russia and Ukraine. © 2017 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.},
author_keywords={developmental state;  economic crisis;  Kondratiev;  Russia;  Ukraine;  United States},
references={Amin, S., (2016) Russia and the Long Transition from Capitalism to Socialism, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Arrighi, G., (1994) The Long Twentieth Century, , London: Verso; Brenner, R., (2003) The Boom and the Bubble: The US in the World Economy, , London: Verso; Brzezinski, Z., (1997) The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives, , New York: Basic Books; (2014), https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html, Ukraine; Dugin, A., (2012) The Fourth Political Theory, , London: Arktos Media Ltd; (1992), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:1992:191:FULL&from=EN, The Treaty on European Union; Galbraith, J., (2015) The End of Normal: The Great Crisis and the Future of Growth, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Galbraith, J., (2016) Inequality, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gordon, R., (2016) The Rise and Fall of American Growth, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Gowan, P., (1999) The Global Gamble, , London: Verso; Harvey, D., (2005) The New Imperialism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hudson, M., Sommers, J., (2010), http://www.counterpunch.org/2010/02/15/latvia-s-road-to-serfdom, Latvia’s Road to Serfdom; Kondratiev, N., (2015) The Long Waves in Economic Life, , Dublin: Ravenio Books; Kotz, D., Weir, F., (1997) Revolution from Above, , London: Routledge; Mandel, E., (1985) Late Capitalism, , London: Verso; (2014), https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm, OECD Data; Piketty, T., (2015) Capital in the Twenty First Century, , Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press; Ryan, R., (2016), http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/saturdayextra/europe-and-the-limits-of-the-roman-legacy/7148524, Europe and the Limits of the Roman Legacy; Shaxson, N., (2012) Treasure Islands: Uncovering the Damage of Offshore Banking and Tax Havens, , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Sommers, J., Hudson, M., (2014), http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/03/03/ukrainian-hangovers/, Russia, Crimea and the Consequences of NATO Policy: Ukrainian Hangovers; Stone, R.W., (1996) Satellites and Commissars: Strategy and Conflict in the Politics of the Soviet-Bloc Trade, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; (2016), http://www.tradingeconomics.com/finland/research-and-development-expenditure-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.html, Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP) Finland; van der Pijl, K., (2006) Global Rivalries from the Cold War to Iraq, , London: Pluto Press; (2012), http://blogs.wsj.com/eurocrisis/2012/02/23/qa-ecb-president-mario-draghi/, Q&A: ECB President Mario Draghi; (2016), https://news.yandex.ru/quotes/3005.html, The Dynamics of the US Dollar against the National Currency (USD, NBU; (2012), http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS, World Bank Data; Zucman, G., (2015) The Hidden Wealth of Nations: The Scourge of Tax Havens, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press},
correspondence_address1={Sommers, J.; Institute of World Affairs, United States; email: sommerjw@uwm.edu},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={21598312},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Critical Thought},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chiang2016259,
author={Chiang, B.-W.},
title={The relationship between translocal Chinese and their Hometowns (1920s–40s): The view from “shining” monthly of Jushan, Quemoy [跨 境 華 僑 及 其 僑 鄉 社 會 ∶ 以 顯 影 僑 刊 為 中 心 的考 察 (1920s–40s)]},
journal={Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives},
year={2016},
volume={10},
number={2},
pages={259-292},
doi={10.1163/24522015-01002005},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119274161&doi=10.1163%2f24522015-01002005&partnerID=40&md5=a0bf06f215c3849044c496f4c770afac},
affiliation={Department of East Asian Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan},
abstract={Quemoy is a famous overseas Chinese hometown in modern China. Since the 17th Century, Western colonial power expanded to South Asia, Southeast Asia, China and Japan, and drew these areas into the network of the global economy. The Quemoy Islands, situated outside Xinmen (Amoy)-port, were influenced by external and internal factors that shaped the region’s history of overseas migration. Emigrants from Quemoy brought radical changes back to their hometown, including social, economic, cultural and architectural impacts. These historical phenomena, usually described as expressions of “transnationalism,” are important foci of current research. This research tries to study the modernization of one overseas Chinese native hometown by investigating “Shining,” a monthly publication of Jushan village in Quemoy. “Shining” is one of the most comprehensive overseas Chinese publications and news reports in the world, however, it has received little academic attention. “Shining” published its first issue in September 1928, but publication was interrupted by the Second Sino-Japan War, between 1937–45. In April 1946, the publication resumed until the kmt retreated to Taiwan in 1949. The monthly publication had 21 volumes in total and recorded many historical materials, such as social life, overseas Chinese remittances, events, cultural changes and architectural activities during the 1920s–30s. It also reported political conditions and made criticisms of political issues between 1945–49. “Shining” conveyed progressive ideas and values to the people of Quemoy at that time. This paper will use “Shining” to study social change in the native hometown, including the economic connection between Quemoy and overseas areas, the formation and characteristics of overseas Chinese families, the interaction between folk society and colonial culture, the modification of everyday life and values, the changes in landscape and architecture. I attempt to examine the use of overseas Chinese newsletters to develop a new field of social history in the study of modern overseas Chinese native hometowns. © KONINKLIJKE BRILL NV, LEIDEN, 2017.},
author_keywords={Cultural history;  Migration;  Overseas Chinese hometown;  Quemoy;  Social change},
references={Quemoy Overseas Chinese gazetteer (1960) Quemoy County Gazetteer, 7; (1992) Quemoy County Gazetteer, Parts 1–3; (2006) Shining 1–15 (1928~1937) and Shining 16–21 (1946~1949), , Originally published in Jushan Xue’s Association, reprinted in by Quemoy University; Chi, S.-Z., Battlefield (1968) History of the Republic of China, , Taipei: Hua Lian Publishing; Chiang, B.-W., (2000) A History of Yang-Lou (Mansion of Chinese Diaspora) in Fujian and Guangdong between the 1840s–1960s: Social and Spatial Change, , Taipei: National Taiwan University, Doctoral Dissertation; Da, C., (1938) Southeast Asia Overseas Chinese and Southern Fujian, , Guangdong Society, Zhang Sha: Commercial Press; Shan-Ying, C., General hometown news of Guangdong emigrants and their overseas abilities (1990) Overseas Chinese Bulletin, 21, pp. 40-47. , Guangzhou: Guangdong Overseas Chinese Historical Association; Ju-Yan, H., (1995) Contemporary Education at Guangdong and Ling Nan University, , chief ed, Hong Kong: Commercial Press; Tuan-Fu, H., Tomb tablet inscription of Mrs. Ceng Liang Shu Ren” the general affair office of Jin Jiang Overseas Chinese (1982) History of the Emigrants, 1st Collection, p. 106. , Jin Jiang: The general affair office of Jin Jiang Overseas Chinese; Li, J.-S., (1998) Talking about the History of Jushan at Jiyan Shan Mountain, , Quemoy: Quemoy County Government Print and Publishing; (1990) Ten Years of Research on Overseas Chinese, , Overseas Chinese History Association of China Eds, Beijing: Overseas Chinese Press; Qian, S., (1999) The Overseas Chinese of Qing Dynasity and Social Transition of Southern Fujian and Guangdong, , Xiamen: Xiamen University Press; (1985) Tai Shan County Overseas Chinese Gazetteer, , editorial team, Tai Shan: Tai Shan County Archives; (1991) Xiamen Overseas Chinese Gazetteer, , Xiamen: Lu Jiang Press; Yan, X.-L., My Feeling while Re-copying Shining Monthly’s Bound Volume (1986) Shining, 1. , Reprint; De-Hua, Z., Xing-Ci, W., A valuable overseas Chinese historical data (1982) Collection of Overseas Chinese Theses 1, & Quang Zhou, pp. 454-489. , Guangdongese Overseas Chinese History Association of Guangdong originated from “Bulletin of Guangdongese overseas Chinese History Association 4; Pan, Z., The tomb tablet inscription of Mr. Tan Yi-xuan and de Pei the senior Mrs. Huang (1982) Overseas History, 1, p. 106. , Jin Jiang: Overseas Chinese Affair Office of Jin Jiang; Ri-Sheng, Z., (1993) 80 Years of History of Jimei School, , Xiamen: Lu Jiang Publishing; Guo-Tu, Z., (1989) The Chinese Feudal Government’s Strategy on Overseas Chinese, , Xiamen: Xiamen University Press; Hiroaki, K., Zhong-Xun, Y., (1995) Overseas Chinese, , author, ed, Tokyo: Books on China; Kazuo, Y., The Possibility of Using Emigrants’ Hometown Newsletters to study their Hometowns (1996) Hua Nan Emigrants’ Hometown: Overseas Chinese Current Situation of Chinese Study, pp. 77-97. , Kani Hiroaki. Kyoto: Xin Lu She},
correspondence_address1={Chiang, B.-W.; Department of East Asian Studies, Taiwan; email: quemoei@gmail.com},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={24522007},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Shiozawa2016151,
author={Shiozawa, Y.},
title={The revival of the classical theory of values},
journal={The Rejuvenation of Political Economy},
year={2016},
pages={151-172},
doi={10.4324/9781315621920-16},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086534290&doi=10.4324%2f9781315621920-16&partnerID=40&md5=f7a77f8c08774b0ce444546745c67eba},
affiliation={Osaka City University, Japan},
abstract={This chapter offers momentous exogenous transnational forces to which we must look for the prime explanatory variable in East Asia's miraculous development. In opposition to the neo-liberal inspired view, codified in the landmark 1993 World Bank publication The East Asian Miracle, the meteoric rise in the global economy of East Asia in general, and China in particular, cannot be grasped in terms of a largely endogenous process of social change. The US three pole anticommunist showcase world was embedded in US-brokered international monetary regime or global compact, the Bretton Woods Monetary System (BWMS), which cemented the US dollar as global hub currency: And where the rest of the worlds money was exchangeable with US dollars, the US kept itself honest by tethering of the dollar to a fixed rate exchangeability with gold. Internationalization of production and emergence of an actual international division of labour was an idiosyncratic feature of post-World War II capital accumulation and multinational corporate (MNC) profit strategy. © 2016 Nobuharu Yokokawa, Kiichiro Yagi, Hiroyasu Uemura and Richard Westra.},
references={Dupertuis, M.-S., Sinha, A., A sraffian critique of the classical notion of center of gravitation (2009) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33 (6), pp. 1065-1087; (2013) Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2013, , http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2013/advanced-economicsciences2013.pdf; Fujimoto, T., (2012) A Preliminary Note on Harmonizing Manufacturing (Mono-Zukuri) Management and Cost Accounting, , (in Japanese) Monozukuri Management Research Center (University of Tokyo) Discussion Paper Series No. 410; Hall, R.L., Hitch, C.J., Price theory and business behavior (1939) Oxford Economic Papers, 2, pp. 12-45. , old series; Hotelling, H., Stability in competition (1929) Economic Journal, 39 (153), pp. 41-57; Jacobs, J., (1984) Cities and the Wealth of Nations, , New York, NY: Random House; Kahn, F.R., Oxford studies in the price mechanism (1952) Economic Journal, 62 (245), pp. 119-130; Kaldor, N., The irrelevance of equilibrium economics (1972) Economic Journal, 82 (328), pp. 1237-1255; Keynes, J.M., (1936) General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for Royal Economic Society; Koopmans, T.C., (1951) Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, , New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons; Kurz, H.D., (2014) David Ricardo: On the Art of Elucidating Economic Principles in the Face of a Labyrinth of Difficulties, , Paper presented at the International Conference on New Thinking in Economic Theory and Policy, held at Meiji University, Tokyo on 13-15 September 2014; Kurz, H.D., Salavadori, N., (1995) Theory of Production, a Long Period Analysis, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lee, F.S., The marginalist controversy and the demise of full cost pricing (1984) Journal of Economic Issues, 18 (4), pp. 1107-1132; Lee, F.S., (2006) Post Keynesian Price Theory, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reissued in paperback in 2006; Lester, R.A., Shortcomings of marginal analysis for wage-employment problems (1946) American Economic Review, 36 (1), pp. 63-82; Machlup, F., Marginal analysis and empirical research (1946) American Economic Review, 36 (4), pp. 519-557; Machlup, F., Theories of the firm: Marginalist, behavioral, managerial (1967) American Economic Review, 57 (1), pp. 1-33; Marx, K., (1867) Das Kapital, 1. , https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Capital-Volume-I.pdf, Moscow ed. 2010; Marx, K., (1894) Das Kapital, , http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpB.html, Library of Economics and Liberty; Mill, J.S., (1844) Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy, , http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlUQP.html, Library of Economics and Liberty; Mill, J.S., (1848) Principles of Political Economy, , http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlPCover.html, Library of Economic and Liberty:, (7th ed., 1909, Longman, Green and Co.); O’Brien, D.P., (2004) The Classical Economists Revisited, , (2nd Edition), Princeton University Press; Ricardo, D., On the principles of political economy and taxation (1951) Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, 1. , Ed. by P. Sraffa with the collaboration of M. Dobb, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Robinson, A., Review of oxford economic papers (1939) Economic Journal, 49 (195), pp. 538-543; Schumpeter, J.A., (2006) History of Economics Analysis, , First published by 9 London: Allen & Unwin, 1954. E-books by Taylor and Francis, 2006; Shiozawa, Y., (1975) Durable Capital Gods and Their Valuation, , KIER Discussion Paper No.8, Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University; Shiozawa, Y., A theory of depression and the sraffas principle” (1978) Keizai Semina, (287), pp. 48-57. , (in Japanese), Reprinted as Chapter 6 in Y. Shiozawa, The Science of the Market Order (in Japanese), Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo; Shiozawa, Y., Duopoly competition which implies markup pricing (1984) Keizaigaku Zasshi, 84 (6), pp. 12-24. , (in Japanese), (Osaka City University), Reproduced in Shio-zawa (2014a) with a correction; Shiozawa, Y., The primacy of stationarity: A case against general equilibrium theory (1989) Osaka City University Economic Review, 24 (1), pp. 85-110; Shiozawa, Y., A new construction of ricardian trade theory-a many-country, many-commodity case with intermediate goods and choice of techniques (2007) Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 3 (2), pp. 141-187; Shiozawa, Y., Estimating optimal product variety of firms, evolutionary and (2012) Institutional Economics Review, 9 (1), pp. 11-35; Shiozawa, Y., (2014) A Final Solution Ofricardo Problem on International Values, , (in Japanese, original title: Rikado boeki mondai no saishu kaiketsu), Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten; Shiozawa, Y., The new international value theory and its applications (2014) Unpublished Draft Paper; Shiozawa, Y., (2014) On Ricardos Two Rectification Problems”, , a paper presented at the International Conference on Ricardo (organized by Ricardo Society) on 11 September at Waseda University. A revised version is to be published in Senga, Fujimoto, and Tabuchi (Eds.) Ricardo and International Trade Theory, by Rout-ledge, as Chapter 10; Shiozawa, Y., Aruka, Y., (2014) Reconstructing Economics, , (in Japanese, original title: Keizaigaku o saiken suru), Tokyo: Chuo University Press; Smith, A., (1776) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations; Sraffa, P., The laws of returns under competitive conditions (1926) Economic Journal, 36 (1444), pp. 535-550; Sraffa, P., (1960) Production of Commodities by means of Commodities, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Wilson, T., Andrews, P.W.S., (1951) Oxford Studies in the Price Mechanism, , Oxford: Clarendon Press},
correspondence_address1={Shiozawa, Y.; Osaka City UniversityJapan},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317221470; 9781138832626},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Rejuvenation of Political Economy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Agnew201679,
author={Agnew, J.A. and Sharp, J.P.},
title={America, frontier nation: From abstract space to worldly place},
journal={American Space/American Place: Geographies of the Contemporary United States},
year={2016},
pages={79-107},
doi={10.4324/9781315541396-12},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071012025&doi=10.4324%2f9781315541396-12&partnerID=40&md5=cb8824ad33b79dac2a348805466a411a},
affiliation={Department of Geography, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), United States; University of Glasgow, United Kingdom},
abstract={Until the 1890s the spatially-bounded sense of America predominated in both domestic politics and foreign-policy making. In particular, America was defined in opposition to Europe. "Europe," George Washington observed in his farewell address of 1796,"has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation. Flence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns" (in Richardson 1905: Voi. 1, 214). The unilateral declaration of what became known as the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 went further, establishing that the European powers represented a different system from that of America against which the newly independent states of Central and South America had to be protected. By the later decades of the nineteenth century, however, the increased wealth and power of the United States, along with one of those periodic downturns in the world economy that have afflicted the entire world since the arrival of a true global economy in the nine teenth century and the scramble for colonies by the major European countries as a reaction to this, led to a new emphasis on America s global role (Agnew 1987). The hemispheral identity of the United States and the protection of its sovereignty from European challenge This chapter will describe the main features of the American geo- graphical imagination as inscribed on a world scale (particularly the practical impact of the frontier idea), consider the influence the practice of an expanding American frontier has had on the globalization of the world economy in the twentieth century, examine the crucial impact of the Cold War with the former Soviet Union (1947-89) on American collective self-understanding, and, finally, survey the joint effects of the crisis at the beginning of the twenty-first century in the American geographical imagination and the workings of the contemporary world economy on the United States itself. The approach will involve an examination of the respective roles of economic, geopolitical, and cultural processes, and the particular convergence of these processes as seen in America's relationship to the world as a whole. © editorial matter and organization John A. Agnew and Jonathan M. Smith, 2002 and the chapters of the various contributors.},
references={Agnew, J., (1987) The United States in the World Economy: A Regional Geography, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Agnew, J., The United States and American Hegemony (1993) The Political Geography of the Twentieth Century, , P. Taylor (ed.), London: Belhaven Press; Agnew, J., North America and the Wider World (1999) North America: A Geographical Mosaic, pp. 303-316. , F. W. Boal and S. A. Royle (eds.), London: Arnold; Anderson, B., (1983) Imagined Communities, , London: Verso; (2000) Business Week, p. 30. , "Where venture capital ventures: To just a few states and industries,"; (2000) Business Week, p. 32. , "Yes, the 90s were unusual. But not because of economic growth,"; (2000) Business Week, p. 38. , "Surprise - the rich get richer. New data on wealth concentration,"; (2000) Business Week, p. 34. , "A new economy, but no new deal. More full-time workers are poor,"; Calleo, D.P., (1987) Beyond American Hegemony: The Future of The Western Alliance, , New York: Basic Books; Campbell, D., (1992) Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Cross, G., (2000) An All-Consuming Century: Why Commercialism Won in Modern America, , New York: Columbia University Press; Dienstag, J.F., Serving God and Mammon: The Lockean Sympathy in Early American Political Thought (1996) American Political Science Review, 90, pp. 497-511; Dolan, F., (1994) Allegories of America: Narratives-Metaphysics-Politics, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Dumbrell, J., Varieties of Post-Cold War American Isolationism (1999) Government and Opposition, 34, pp. 24-43; (1999) Desperately Seeking a Perfect Model, p. 10; Engelhardt, T., (1995) The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a Generation, , New York: Basic Books; Enloe, C., (1993) The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Forstall, R., (1994) Population of States and Counties of the United States, pp. 1790-1990. , Washington, DC: United States Bureau of the Census; Frank, T., (2000) One Market under God: Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism, and the End of Economic Democracy, , New York: Doubleday; Gibson, J.W., (1994) Warrior Dreams: Violence and Manhood in Post-Vietnam America, , New York: Hill and Wang; Hartz, L., (1955) The Liberal Tradition in America: An Interpretation of American Political Thought since the Revolution, , New York: Harcourt Brace World; Henrikson, A., Americas Changing Place in the World: From 'Periphery to 'Centre'?" (1980) Centre and Periphery: Spatial Variation in Politics, pp. 73-100. , J. Gottman (ed.), London: Sage; Jeffords, S., (1989) The Rema Sculinization of America: Gender and the Vietnam War, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Lee, D., L.A. County Jobs Surge since 93, but Not Wages," (1999) Los Angeles Times, July 26, A1, A, p. 19; Lynch, J.M., (1999) Negotiating The Constitution: The Earliest Debates over Original Intent, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; McClure, J., (1994) Late Imperial Romance, , London: Verso; Mandel, M.J., The spoils of the new economy belong to high tech (1999) Business Week, August, 16, p. 37; Mearsheimer, J., Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War (1990) The Atlantic, 266 (2), pp. 35-50; Meinig, D.W., (1986) The Shaping of America, 1, pp. 1492-1800. , Atlantic America, New Haven: Yale University Press; Morley, D., Robins, K., (1995) Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural Boundaries, , London: Routledge; Phillips, K., (1991) The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath, , New York: Harper and Row; Richardson, J., (1905) A Compilation of Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 12, pp. 1789-1902. , Washington, DC: Bureau of National Literature and Art; Rosenberg, E., (1982) Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, pp. 1890-1945. , New York: Hill and Wang; Rowthorn, R., Ramaswamy, R., Growth, Trade and Deindustrialization (1999) IMF Staff Working Papers, 46, pp. 18-41; Ruggie, J.R., The Past as Prologue? Interests, Identity, and American Foreign Policy (1997) International Security, 21, pp. 89-125; Shapiro, M.J., (1997) Violent Cartographies: Mapping Cultures of War, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Slotkin, R., (1973) Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, pp. 1600-1860. , Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press; Slotkin, R., (1986) The Fatal Environment: The Myth of The Frontier in The Age of Industrialization, pp. 1800-1890. , Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press; Slotkin, R., (1992) Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of The Frontier in Twentieth-Century America, , New York: Atheneum; Twitchell, J.B., (1999) Lead Us into Temptation: The Triumph of American Materialism, , New York,: Columbia University Press; Turner, F.J., (1896) The Problem of the West, 78, pp. 289-297. , The Atlantic Monthly; Turner, F.J., (1920) The Frontier in American History, , New York: Henry Holt); (1988) Statistical Abstract of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce; (1991) 1990 Census, , Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce; (1992) Statistical Abstract of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce; (1996) Statistical Abstract of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce; (1998) Statistical Abstract of the United States, , Washington, DC: United States Department of Commerce; Williams, W.A., (1969) The Roots of Modern American Empire: A Study of the Growth and Shaping of Consciousness in A Marketplace Society, , New York: Random House; Wills, G., (1997) John Wayne's America, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Wolman, W., Colamosca, A., (1997) The Judas Economy: The Triumph of Capital and The Betrayal of Work, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134900503; 9780415935319},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={American Space/American Place: Geographies of the Contemporary U. S.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Lippman20161,
author={Lippman, T.W.},
title={Hero of the crossing: How Anwar Sadat and the 1973 war changed the world},
journal={Hero of the Crossing: How Anwar Sadat and the 1973 War Changed the World},
year={2016},
pages={1-311},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018551559&partnerID=40&md5=c7c3a461f9ffdef7e6eef147e2597259},
abstract={In eleven dramatic years, Anwar Sadat changed history-not just that of Egypt, or of the Middle East, but of the entire world. As the architect of the 1973 war against Israel, he gained the support of other Arab nations and inspired the oil embargo that transformed the global economy. Following the war, however, he forever ended Arab aspirations of unity by making peace with Israel. Early in his presidency, Sadat jettisoned Egypt’s alliance with the Soviet Union and turned to the United States, thereby giving the West a crucial Cold War victory. Sadat’s historic tenure still resonates in the twenty-first century as the Islamic activists-whom he originally encouraged but who opposed his conciliatory policy toward Israel and ultimately played a role in his assassination-continue to foster activism, including the Muslim Brotherhood, today. Thomas W. Lippman was stationed in the Middle East as a journalist during Sadat’s presidency and lived in Egypt in the aftermath of the October War. He knew Sadat personally, but only now, after the passage of time and the long-delayed release of the U.S. State Department’s diplomatic files, can Lippman assess the full consequences of Sadat’s presidency. Hero of the Crossing provides an eye-opening account of the profound reverberations of one leader’s political, cultural, and economic maneuverings and legacy. © 2016 by Thomas W. Lippman. All rights reserved.},
references={Abdel-Malek, A., (1983) Contemporary Arab Political Thought, , London: Zed Books; Abdo, G., (2000) No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam, , New York: Oxford University Press; Aflaq, M., Arab Unity Above Socialism (1983) Contemporary Arab Political Thought, , edited by Anouar Abdel-Malek. London: Zed Books; Ajami, F., (1981) The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice Since 1967, , Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; Akins, J.E., This Time the Wolf Is Here (1973) Foreign Affairs, , http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/24416/james-e-akins/the-oil-crisis-this-time-the-wolf-is-here, April; Allison, R., (1989) The Soviet Union and the Strategy of Non-Alignment in the Third World, , Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; Alterman, J.B., (1998) Sadat and His Legacy, , Washington dc: Washington Institute for Near East Policy; Andelman, D.A., (2008) A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price We Pay Today, , Hoboken nj: Wiley; Andrew, C., Mitrokhin, V., (2005) The World Was Going Our Way: The kgb and the Battle for the Third World, , New York: Basic Books; Ayubi, N.N.M., The Political Revival of Islam: The Case of Egypt (1980) International Journal of Middle East Studies, 12 (4), pp. 481-499; Banna, H., The Credo of the Muslim Brotherhood (1983) Contemporary Arab Political Thought, , edited by Anouar Abdel-Malek. London: Zed Books; Bar-Joseph, U., The ‘Special Means of Collection’: The Missing Link in the Surprise of the Yom Kippur War (2013) Middle East Journal, 67 (4). , Autumn; Barrett, R.C., (2007) The Greater Middle East and the Cold War: US Foreign Policy Under Eisenhower and Kennedy, , London: I. B. Tauris; Beattie, K.J., (2000) Egypt During the Sadat Years, , New York: Palgrave; Berger, M., (1970) Islam in Egypt Today, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Brzezinski, Z., (1983) Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser 1977-1981, , New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux; Burr, W., (1999) The Kissinger Transcripts: The Top Secret Talks With Beijing and Moscow, , New York: New Press; Campbell, J.C., (1960) Defense of the Middle East: Problems of American Policy, , 2nd ed. New York: Praeger; Carré, O., Pouvoir et Idéologie Dans L’Egypte de Nasser et de Sadat (1977) L’Egypte d’Aujourd’hui, , edited by R. Mantran. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique; Carrère d’Encausse, H., (1975) La Politique Soviètique au Moyen-orient, , Paris: Editions de Sciences Po; Carter, J., (1982) Keeping Faith, , New York: Bantam, Republished in paperback by the University of Arkansas Press in 2005; Cook, S.A., (2012) The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square, , New York: Oxford University Press; Cooper, A.S., (2011) The Oil Kings: How the us, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Copeland, M., (1969) The Game of Nations, , London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; Daigle, C.A., The Russians are Going: Sadat, Nixon, and the Soviet Presence in Egypt 1970-1971 (2004) Middle East Review of International Affairs, 8 (1). , March; Davidson, C.R., (2005) Political Violence in Egypt: A Case Study of the Islamist Insurgency 1992-1997, , PhD diss., Tufts University; Dawisha, A., The Soviet Union in the Arab World (1982) The Soviet Union in the Middle East, , edited by Adeed Dawisha and Karen Dawisha. London: Heinemann; Dawisha, A., Dawisha, K., (1982) The Soviet Union in the Middle East, , London: Heinemann; Dayan, M., (1981) Breakthrough: A Personal Account of the Egypt-Israel Peace Negotiations, , New York: Knopf; Dekmejian, R.H., (1995) Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World, , Syracuse ny: Syracuse University Press; Fukuyama, F., (1980) The Soviet Union and Iraq Since 1968, , Santa Monica ca: rand Corporation; Golan, G., (1990) Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War II to Gorbachev, , Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; Hashim, A., From the Ottomans Through Sadat (2011) Middle East Policy, 18 (3). , Fall; Hegel, G.W.F., (1953) Reason in History: A General Introduction to the Philosophy of History, , translated by Robert S. Hartman. New York: Bobbs-Merrill; Heikal, M., (1984) Autumn of Fury: The Assassination of Sadat, , Paperback ed. London: Corgi Books; Heikal, M., (1975) The Road to Ramadan, , London: William Collins and Sons; Heikal, M., (1978) The Sphinx and the Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Middle East, , New York: Harper and Row; Herzog, C., (1975) The War of Atonement, , Jerusalem: Steimatzky; Hinnebusch, R., (1985) Egyptian Politics Under Sadat, , Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; Hirst, D., Beeson, I., (1981) Sadat, , London: Faber and Faber; Hourani, A., (1991) A History of the Arab Peoples, , Cambridge ma: Belknap Press; Ikram, K., (1980) Egypt: Economic Management in a Period of Transition, , A World Bank Country Economic Report. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; (1974) Insight Team of the London Sunday Times. The Yom Kippur War, , Garden City ny: Doubleday; Israelyan, V., (1995) Inside the Kremlin During the Yom Kippur War, , University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; Jansen, G.H., (1979) Militant Islam, , New York: Harper and Row; Jansen, J.J.G., (1986) The Neglected Duty: The Creed of Sadat’s Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East, , New York: Macmillan; Kanet, R.E., The Superpower Quest for Empire: The Cold War and Soviet Support for ‘Wars of National Liberation.’ (2006) Cold War History, 6 (3). , August; Kechichian, J.A., (2008) Faysal: Saudi Arabia’s King for All Seasons, , Gainesville: University Press of Florida; Kissinger, H.A., (1982) Years of Upheaval, , Boston: Little, Brown; Kramer, M., Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity (1993) Daedalus, , Summer; Lacey, R., (1981) The Kingdom, , New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; Laqueur, W., Rubin, B., (2008) The Arab-Israeli Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict, , Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Books; Lenczowski, G., (1972) Soviet Advances in the Middle East, , Washington dc: aei Press; Lippman, T.W., (1989) Egypt After Nasser: Sadat, Peace, and the Mirage of Prosperity, , New York: Paragon House; Lippman, T.W., (2004) Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership With Saudi Arabia, , Boulder co: Westview; Marr, P., (2012) The Modern History of Iraq, , 3rd ed. Boulder co: Westview; Masadi, M., The Idea of Arab Nationalitarianism (1983) Contemporary Arab Political Thought, , edited by Anouar Abdel-Malek. London: Zed Books; Morse, E.L., A New Political Economy of Oil? (1999) Journal of International Affairs, 53 (1). , Fall; Mortimer, E., (1982) Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam, , New York: Random House; Nasser, G.A., The Morrow of Independence (1983) Contemporary Arab Political Thought, , edited by Anouar Abdel-Malek. London: Zed Books; Nawwab, I.I., (1995) Saudi Aramco and Its World: Arabia and the Middle East, , Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Aramco; Parker, R.B., (2001) The October War: A Retrospective, , Gainesville: University Press of Florida; (1975) The Policy of the Soviet Union in the Arab World: A Short Collection of Foreign Policy Documents, , Moscow, Russia: Progress Publishers; Priddy, H.A., (2013) United States Synthetic Fuels Corporation: Its Rise and Demise, , http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/21978, PhD diss., University of Texas, Available online at; Primakov, Y., (2009) Russia and the Arabs, , New York: Basic Books; Quandt, W.B., (1986) Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics, , Washington dc: Brookings Institution; Rabinovich, A., (2004) The Yom Kippur War: The War That Transformed the Middle East, , New York: Schocken Books; Rogan, E., (2009) The Arabs: A History, , New York: Basic Books; Rubinstein, A., (1977) Red Star on the Nile, , Princeton nj: Princeton University Press; Sadat, A., (1977) In Search of Identity, , New York: Harper and Row; Sadat, C.A., Sadat and His Vision (1998) Sadat and His Legacy: Egypt and the World, 1977-1997, , edited by Jon B. Alterman. Washington dc: Washington Institute for Near East Policy; Sadowski, Y., Egypt’s Islamist Movement: A New Political and Economic Force (1987) Middle East Insight, 5. , November-December; Sayigh, Y., Shlaim, A., (1997) The Cold War and the Middle East, , New York: Oxford University Press; Seale, P., (1989) Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Shlaim, A., (2000) The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World, , New York: W.W. Norton; Sick, G., (1987) All Fall Down: America’s Tragic Encounter With Iran, , New York: Random House; Sorley, L., (2009) Press On! Selected Works of General Donn A. Starry, 2. , http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/PressOnI.pdf, Fort Levenworth ks: Combat Studies Institute Press, Available online at; Stanislaw, J., Yergin, D., Oil: Reopening the Door (1993) Foreign Affairs, , http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/49205/joseph-stanislaw-and-daniel-tergin/oil-reopening-the-door, September/October, Available online at; Stephens, R., (1973) Nasser, , London: Pelican Books; Stork, J., (1975) Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Takeyh, R., What Really Happened in Iran (2014) Foreign Affairs, 93 (4). , July-August; Telhami, S., (2013) The World Through Arab Eyes: Public Opinion and the Reshaping of the Middle East, , New York: Basic Books; Terzian, P., (1985) Opec: The Inside Story, , London: Zed Books; Vance, C., (1983) Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign Policy, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Vassiliev, A., (2012) King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, , London: Saqi Books; Vatikiotis, P.J., (1985) The History of Egypt, From Muhammad Ali to Mubarak, , 3rd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Waterbury, J., (1983) The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes, , Princeton nj: Princeton University Press; Wenig, G., Egypt’s Army of God (2014) Foreign Affairs, , http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/142327/gilad-wenig/egypts-army-of-god, October 31, Available online at; Yergin, D., (1991) The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Youssef, M., (1985) Revolt Against Modernity: Islamic Zealots and the West, , Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill},
publisher={Potomac Books},
isbn={9781612347974; 9781612347028},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hero of the Crossing: How Anwar Sadat and the 1973 War Changed the World},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Bulmer20161,
author={Bulmer, S. and Jeffery, C. and Padgett, S.},
title={Democracy and diplomacy, Germany and Europe},
journal={Rethinking Germany and Europe: Democracy and Diplomacy in a Semi-Sovereign State},
year={2016},
pages={1-21},
doi={10.1057/9780230297227_1},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015080752&doi=10.1057%2f9780230297227_1&partnerID=40&md5=26cdd6434bd7d1c389e3988b1b08c6c3},
affiliation={University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom},
abstract={This book reflects on a sense of ‘gathering crisis’ facing the German political system (Miskimmon, Paterson and Sloam, 2009). The crisis is complex and multifaceted, reflecting the enduring after-shocks of German unification; changes in Germany’s economic and social model, and its sustainability in a global economy rocked by financial crisis; and geo-political changes that challenge long-established ideas about international cooperation and security. This gathering crisis coincides with an erosion of the foundations on which the post-war political system was built. Declining support for political parties has undermined the foundations of the party state, whilst the pluralist institutional structure of the Federal Republic is blamed for decision-making gridlock. By emphasising ‘crisis’ we do not wish to suggest that the political system itself is under challenge. Berlin, after all, ‘ist nicht Weimar’ (Financial Times Deutschland, 2009). The point is rather that Germany is undergoing a delayed and no doubt necessary transformation, 20 years after the end of the Cold War, which will leave it with a different kind of political system. © Simon Bulmer, Charlie Jeffery and Stephen Padgett 2010 and respective authors 2010.},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
isbn={9780230297227; 9780230236554},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethinking Ger. and Europe: Democracy and Dipl. in a Semi-Sover. State},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Rich201613,
author={Rich, P.},
title={The peripheralisation of Africa in global politics},
journal={Africa at the Millenium: An Agenda for Mature Development},
year={2016},
pages={13-34},
doi={10.1007/978-0-333-97727-9_2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015076843&doi=10.1007%2f978-0-333-97727-9_2&partnerID=40&md5=d014ed19c6fc404f0a85f20968e50f91},
affiliation={University of Luton, United Kingdom},
abstract={Sub-Saharan Africa faces rather a bleak future of growing international indifference and neglect in the wake of the collapse of Cold War ideological divisions in global politics. The Cold War division of the international system into a bipolar model of conflict ensured that the newly-emerging African states in the period after 1945 could exert a considerable degree of political leverage on the rival Western and Communist blocs. Post-colonial states in Africa were provided with a high degree of external political, economic and ideological support, which tended to some degree to disguise or distort the more general process of economic and political marginalisation of the continent from the rest of the global economy. © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2000.},
references={Adams, P., The World Bank and the IMF in Sub-Saharan Africa: Undermining Development and Environment Stability (1992) Journal of International Affairs, 46 (1). , Summer; Alden, C., The UN and the Resolution of Conflict in Mozambique (1995) Journal of Modern African Studies, 33 (1); Beetham, D., Market Economy and Democratic Polity (1997) Democratization, 4 (1). , Spring; Berger, M.T., The End of the Third World (1994) Third World Quarterly, 15 (2); Berridge, G.R., Diplomacy and the Angola/Namibia Accords (1989) International Affairs, 65 (3); Boertz, G., (1994) Contexts of International Politics, , Cambridge University Press; Bond, P., (1998) The Elite Transformation: Globalisation and the Rise of Economic Fundamentalism in South Africa, , London: Pluto Press; Bowen, M., Beyond Reform: Adjustment and Political Power in Contemporary Mozambique (1996) The Dynamics of Change in Southern Africa, , Paul Rich (ed.), London: Macmillan; Camdessus, M., (1996) Integrating Africa More Fully into the Global Economy, , http/www.imf.org/external/np/sec/1996/MDS9610.HTM; Carter, G.M., O’Meara, P., (1986) African Independence: The First Twenty Five Years, , Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press; Chan, S., The Diplomatic Styles of Zambia and Zimbabwe (1994) The Dynamics of Change in Southern Africa, , Paul B. Rich (ed.), London: Macmillan; Clapham, C., (1996) Africa and the International System, , Cambridge University Press; Coleman, J.S., Nationalism in Tropical Africa (1954) American Political Science Review, 46 (2). , June; Crais, C., (1992) White Supremacy and Black Resistance in Pre-Industrial South Africa: The Making of a Colonial Order in the Eastern Cape, , Cambridge University Press; Denoon, D., (1983) Settler Capitalism: The Dynamics of Dependent Development in the Southern Hemisphere, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Ellis, S., Liberia, 1989-1994: A Study of Ethnic and Spiritual Violence (1994) African Affairs, 94 (165); Elphick, R., Mission Christianity and Interwar Liberalism (1987) Democratic Liberalism in South Africa, , Jeffrey Butler, Richard Elphick and David Welsh (eds), Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press; Finnegan, W., (1992) The Harrowing of Mozambique, , Berkeley, California: University of California Press; Gambari, I.A., The Role of Regional and Global Organisations (1996) Africa in the New International Order, , Edmond Keller and Donald Rothchild (eds), Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner; Goldfrank, W., Theories of Revolution and Revolution without Theory (1979) Theory and Society, 7; Gong, G.W., (1998) Standards of Civilisation Today, , Paper presented to the Panel on Interacting Civilisations, 3rd Pan European International Relations Conference, Vienna, 16-19 September; Greenberg, S., (1980) Race and State in Capitalist Development, , New Haven, Conn. and London: Yale University Press; Hargreaves, J.D., (1988) Decolonization in Africa, , London: Longman; Hettne, B., The Regional Factor in the Formation of the New World Order (1994) Global Transformation: Challenges to the State System, , Yoshikazu Sakamoto (ed.), Tokyo: United Nations University Press; Jackson, R.H., Rosberg, C.G., The Marginality of African States African Independence: The First Twenty Five Years, , Gwendolen M. Carter and Patrick O’Meara (eds); Kaplan, R., The Coming Anarchy (1994) The Atlantic Monthly, 273; Lemarchand, R., Uncivil Societies and Civil Societies: How Illusion Became Reality (1992) Joumal of Modem African Studies, 30 (2); Livingston, S.G., The Politics of International Agenda Setting - Reagan and North-South Relations (1992) International Studies Quarterly, (36); Moorcroft, P., (1990) African Nemesis: War and Revolution in Southern Africa, 1945-2010, , London: Brasseys; Mortimer, R.A., ECOMOG, Liberia and Regional Security in West Africa (1996) Africa in the New International Order, , Edmond Keller and Donald Rothchild (eds), Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner; Neuberger, B., The African Concept of Balkanisation (1976) Journal of Modem African Studies, 14 (3); Nyerere, J., (1973) Freedom and Development, , Oxford University Press; Ottaway, D., Ottaway, M., (1970) Algeria - The Politics of a Socialist Revolution, , Berkeley, California: University of California Press; Ould-Mey, M., Global Adjustment: Implications for Peripheral States (1994) Third World Quarterly, 15 (2); Plank, D.N., Aid, Debt and the End of Sovereignty: Mozambique and Its Donors (1993) Joumal of Modern African Studies, 31 (3); Ravenhill, J., Is the Lagos Plan a Viable Alternative? (1986) Africa in Economic Crisis, , John Ravenhill (ed.), London: Macmillan; Rich, P., The Black Diaspora in Britain: Afro Caribbean Students and the Quest for Political Identity, 1900-1950 (1987) Immigrants and Minorities, 6 (2). , July; Rich, P., The United States, Its History of Mediation and the Chester Crocker Rounds of Negotiations over Namibia in 1988 (1994) Mediation in Southern Africa, , Stephen Chan and Vivienne Chabri (eds), London: Macmillan; Shaw, T.M., South Africa, Southern Africa and the World System (1983) South Africa in Southern Africa, , Thomas M. Callaghy (ed.), New York: Praeger; Shaw, T.M., State of Crisis: International Constraints, Contradictions and Capitalisms? (1988) The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, , Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan (eds), Boulder, Col. and London: Westview, Press; Shaw, T.M., Reformism, Revisionism and Radicalism in African Political Economy in the 1990s (1992) Joumal of Modern African Studies, 29 (2). , June; Shannon, T.R., (1989) An Introduction to the World System Perspective, , Boulder, Col.: Westview Press; Simpson, M., Foreign and Domestic Factors in the Transformation of FRELIMO (1993) Joumal of Modem African Studies, 31 (2); Tholman, D., AFRICA and the New World Order (1993) Journal of Modem African Studies, 31 (1); Thomas, D., Mazrui, A., Africa’s Post Cold War Demilitarisation (1992) Journal of International Affairs, 46 (1). , Summer; Tordoff, W., Political Liberalization and Economic Reform in Africa (1994) Democratization, 1 (1). , Spring; (1998) The Causes of Conflict and Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa, , New York: United Nations, 16 April; Wallerstein, I., (1979) The Capitalist World Economy, , Cambridge University Press; (1997) Africans Must Have Voice. in Economic Policy Making, , http:/www.africanews.org/specials/19970611-featl.html, June 11; Wright, S., Africa in the Post Cold War World (1992) Transafrica Forum, , Summer; Young, C., The African Colonial State and Its Political Legacy (1988) The Precarious Balance, , Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan (eds), Boulder, Col. and London: Westview Press; Young, T., From the MNR to RENAMO: Making Sense of an Africa Counter Insurgency (1994) The Dynamics of Change in Southern Africa, , Paul Rich (ed.), London: Macmillan},
correspondence_address1={Rich, P.; University of LutonUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
isbn={9780333977279; 9780333753521},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Africa at the Millenium: An Agenda for Mature Development},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sperling2016171,
author={Sperling, J.},
title={Gulliver’s travail: Crafting a new transatlantic bargain},
journal={Rethinking Germany and Europe: Democracy and Diplomacy in a Semi-Sovereign State},
year={2016},
pages={171-187},
doi={10.1057/9780230297227_11},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015012194&doi=10.1057%2f9780230297227_11&partnerID=40&md5=e3c1d4e84b450cf634b489601a91325b},
affiliation={University of AkronOH, United States},
abstract={The entrenched meta-narrative of Germany’s post-war role in the transatlantic relationship focused on Germany’s economic capacity and role as a joint manager of the Euro-Atlantic if not global economy. That narrative, with significant caveats, was carried over into the post-unification period, but was transformed into the spectre of a dominant, if not hegemonic Germany in Europe and the emergence of Germany as the central European player in American foreign policy calculations in the transatlantic area and beyond.1 The centrality of Germany for Europe and the United States was uncontested and remains uncontestable for many (Hanrieder, 1995; Duffield, 1998; Merkl, 2005; Haftendorn et al., 2006). Much of the scholarly literature on the transatlantic relationship has tried to capture the limits on Germany’s role in Europe and possibilities for partnership with the United States, both before and after 1990. Scholars have described Germany as ʼnumber two’, a ‘reticent Giant’, a ‘reluctant power’, a ‘civilian power’ or an ‘uncertain power’ (Hanrieder, 1982; Katzenstein, 1982; Baring and Masamori, 1977; Meiers, 1995; Harnisch and Maull, 2001; Maull, 2006); characterised its foreign policy as ‘Europeanised’ or as exhibiting the qualities of ‘exaggerated multilateralism’ or ‘self-limitation’ (Bulmer, Jeffery and Paterson, 2000; Anderson, 1997; Hellman, 1996); and reason that the German interest reflects a broad raison de communauté rather than a narrow raison d’état (Sperling, 2004). © Simon Bulmer, Charlie Jeffery and Stephen Padgett 2010 and respective authors 2010.},
correspondence_address1={Sperling, J.; University of AkronUnited States},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
isbn={9780230297227; 9780230236554},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethinking Ger. and Europe: Democracy and Dipl. in a Semi-Sover. State},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lipkin2016120,
author={Lipkin, M.A.},
title={The "New World Economic Order" and the cold war: A view from the USSR (mid 1940s-mid 1960s)},
journal={Novyj Istoriceskij Vestnik},
year={2016},
volume={50},
number={4},
pages={120-134},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011277219&partnerID=40&md5=1a2821c7554d21b9272ce093650df34c},
affiliation={Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Moscow State Institute of International Affairs (University), Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={The article is based on new evidences from the Archive of External Policy of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. It deals with the issue of Soviet (non-) participation in the formation of a New International (World) Economic Order (NIEO) after the World War II. It provides a detailed analysis of peculiarities of Soviet position at the conference in Bretton Woods and offers the first reconstruction of the full chronology of key discussions on the Soviet part. The author argues that the temporary refusal to sign the agreements did not mean an ultimate refusal to have economic cooperation with the West. Various Soviet experts continued discussing this topic until the beginning of 1947. The article reveals the new evidence that in 1965 the USSR was again invited to one of the key banks in the global economy. This time it was the Asian Development bank, a transregional organization with global participation. However, the current geopolitical situation in the South-East Asia prevented Moscow from joining the Bretton Woods system through the 'backdoor'. The author comes to the conclusion that even without its participation in official Bretton Woods institutions the Soviet Union influenced the world economy through the Third World countries taking part in designing new institutions of another New International Economic Order of 1960s-1970s, such as UNCTAD.},
author_keywords={A. Vyshinsky;  Bretton Woods system;  Cold War;  Cooperation;  Credits;  Détente;  Global economy;  Great Britain;  International Monetary Fund (IMF);  J. Keynes;  Lend-lease;  New International (World) Economic Order (NIEO);  People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (NKID);  USA;  USSR;  V.M. Molotov;  World Bank},
references={Lipkin, M., Avril 1952, la conférence économique de Moscou: Changement de tactique ou innovation dans la politique extérieure stalinienne? (2011) Relations Internationals (P.U.F.), (147), pp. 19-33; Lipkin, M.A., Evropeyskaya integratsiya i sovetskie ekonomicheskie initsiativy (1950-e - pervaya polovina 1970-kh godov): Po novym materialam rossiyskikh i zarubezhnykh arkhivov (2009) Novaya i Noveyshaya Istoriya, (3), pp. 47-64; Lipkin, M.A., Globalnoe prochtenie istorii SSSR: Diskussii vokrug "Krasnoy globalizatsii" Oskara Sanchesa-Siboni (2016) Rossiyskaya Istoriya, (1), pp. 131-144; Batyuk, V.I., Evstafev, D.G., Pervye zamorozki: Sovetsko-amerikanskie otnosheniya v 1945 - 1950 gg (1995) The First Frosts: Soviet-American Relations in 1945 - 1950, p. 253. , Moscow; Batyuk, V.I., Evstafev, D.G., Pervye zamorozki: Sovetsko-amerikanskie otnosheniya v 1945 - 1950 gg (1995) The First Frosts: Soviet-American Relations in 1945 - 1950, pp. 20-22. , Moscow; Burke, R., (2012) Decolonization and the Evolution of the International Human Rights, p. 240. , Philadelphia; Garavini, G., (2012) After Empires: European Integration, Decolonization and the Challenge from the Global South, 1957 - 1986, p. 336. , Oxford; Lipkin, M.A., Sovetskiy Soyuz i evropeyskaya integratsiya: Seredina 1940-kh - seredina 1960-kh godov (2011) The Soviet Union and European Integration: Mid 1940s - Mid 1960s Years, p. 212. , Moscow, 213; Pavlov, M.Y., Anastas Mikoyan: Politicheskiy portret na fone sovetskoy epokhi (2010) Anastas Mikoyan: A Political Portrait in the Background of the Soviet Era, p. 228. , Moscow, 229; Popov, V.P., Ekonomicheskaya politika Covetskogo gosudarstva (2000) Economic Policy of the Soviet State, p. 80. , Moscow; Tambov; Shenin, S.Y., Amerikanskaya programma "punkta-4": 1949 - 1953 (2000) The American Programme of "Point 4": 1949 - 1953, p. 148. , Saratov; Vallerstein, I., Analiz Mirovykh Sistem i situatsiya v sovremennom mire (2001) The World-System Analysis and the Situation in the Modern World, p. 13. , St. Petersburg, 14},
correspondence_address1={Lipkin, M.A.; Institute of World History, Russian Federation; email: mli@igh.ru},
publisher={Ippolitov Publishing house},
issn={20729286},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nov. Istor. Vestn.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mugarura2016987,
author={Mugarura, N.},
title={The IMF, its mandate and influence in prevention of financial sector abuse},
journal={Journal of Financial Crime},
year={2016},
volume={23},
number={4},
pages={987-1011},
doi={10.1108/JFC-05-2015-0029},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85002057634&doi=10.1108%2fJFC-05-2015-0029&partnerID=40&md5=41060a037bd2ad3749ec54d6f7b083cb},
affiliation={Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Research Department, Global Action Research and Development Initiative Limited, Barking, United Kingdom},
abstract={Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to articulate the mandate of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) not least in promoting a sound legal regulatory environment for markets to operate globally and its inherent challenges. While acknowledging the plausible work done by the IMF in supporting countries to achieve their macro-economic stability, the paper articulates some of its shortcomings as a global institution. It is evident that the post-war climate in which the World Bank and IMF were created has drastically changed - which presupposes that these institutions now need to reposition themselves to reflect on contemporary global challenges accordingly. The author has argued in the past that a robust regulatory system should be devised taking into account the dynamic challenges in the market environment but also to prevent them from happening again. Design/methodology/approach - The paper has utilized empirical evidence to evaluate the mandate of the IMF in addressing its dynamic challenges such as the global financial and debt crises in Europe and the USA and prevention of financial sector abuse globally. The IMF is one of the Bretton Woods Institutions charged with the oversight responsibility to enforce policies and enable countries to manage their macro-economic challenges efficiently. Findings - The findings demonstrate that the IMF is as relevant and important as it was when it was created in 1945. However, there is a need for intrinsic and structural changes within this institution to continue discharging its mandate in a changed global regulatory landscape. The IMF is still crucial in fostering a fundamental stabilization function to fragile global economies in areas of financial and technical assistance, and developing requisite legal and supervisory infrastructure within fledging member countries. Research limitations/implications - The paper was written by analysis of both theoretical and empirical data largely based on secondary data sources. It would have been better to first present the findings in an international conference to solicit wide views and internalize them accordingly. Practical implications - While acknowledging the plausible work done by the IMF and its counterpart the World Bank in facilitating global financial markets regulation and prevention of financial sector abuse, as oversight institutions, they need to constantly review their mandate to respond robustly to their dynamic challenges such as the global and debt crises and financial sector abuse. Oversight institutions need to constantly review and adapt their mandate accordingly, if they are to discharge their varied responsibilities efficiently. They cannot stand still in the face of challenges because they will be superseded and kept at a back foot. Social implications - Markets and states are embedded in each other, and the way they are regulated is of a significant importance to varied stakeholders and people. Originality/value - This paper is one of its kind, is unique in its character and evaluates embedded issues using empirical evidence in a way not done in its context before. Secondary data sources have been evaluated to achieve a thoughtful analysis of the objectives of the paper. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={Financial sector abuse;  IMF;  Mandate},
references={Bird, G., IMF programs: Do they work? Can they be made to work better? (2001) World Development, 29 (1), p. 11; Boorman, J., Ingves, S., (2001) Financial System Abuse, Financial Crimes and Money Laundering, , Policy paper; Finger, J.M., Nogue, J.J., The Unbalanced Uruguay outcome: The new areas in future WTO negotiations (2001) Journal of World Trade, p. 23; Fisher, S., Capital account liberalisation and the role of IMF (1997) Conference on Development of Securities Markets in the Emerging Markets, International American Bank, Washington DC, pp. 1-14; Lowenfeld, A.F., (2002) International Economic Law, p. 508. , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Mugarura, N., (2012) The global anti-money laundering regulatory landscape in less developed countries, p. 337. , Ashgate, Farnham; Norman, M., Was the recent global financial crisis symptomatic from liberalisation of financial markets in Uganda (2011) Journal of Money Laundering Control, 14 (3), pp. 225-227; Stigliz, J., (2002) Globalisation and Its Discontent, p. 99. , Penguin Books},
correspondence_address1={Mugarura, N.; Brunel University LondonUnited Kingdom; email: n2000mugarura@yahoo.co.uk},
publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.},
issn={13590790},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Financ. Crime},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Christensen201623,
author={Christensen, M.M.},
title={The underbelly of global security: Sierra leonean ex-militias in iraq},
journal={African Affairs},
year={2016},
volume={115},
number={458},
pages={23-43},
doi={10.1093/afraf/adv055},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964747877&doi=10.1093%2fafraf%2fadv055&partnerID=40&md5=fb9a443836d4d0c14265a517276008ae},
affiliation={Royal Danish Defence College, Germany},
abstract={In the aftermath of the Sierra Leone civil war, demobilized militia soldiers have become an attractive resource to private security companies. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, this article traces the outsourcing of security at American military bases in Iraq to Sierra Leonean ex-militias, facilitated by a British security company and the Sierra Leone government. In doing so, the article contributes to the ongoing scholarly debate on the privatization of security by offering a "local" ethnographically informed perspective on the micro-dynamics of "global" security. It is argued that the supply of global security depends on a form of local immobility: on a population that is "stuck", yet constantly on the move to seize opportunities for survival and recognition. Structured by a chronological account of the recruitment, deployment, and deportation of Sierra Leonean exmilitias, the article discusses how these former militia soldiers experience being reduced to mere bodies rather than recognized labourers. It concludes that notions of race and slavery are employed by the ex-militias to make sense of their predicaments, but most notably as a moral response to the unequal relationships in which they find themselves embedded, in the context of security outsourcing in a global economy. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal African Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords={armed forces;  government;  privatization;  race;  security;  slavery, Iraq},
references={Christensen, M.M., (2013) Shadow soldiering: Mobilization, militarization and the politics of global security in Sierra Leone, , (University of Copenhagen, unpublished PhD thesis; Christensen, M.M., Utas, M., Mercenaries of democracy: The "politricks" of remobilized combatants in the 2007 general elections (2008) African Affairs 107, 429, pp. 515-539; Garner, S., Racisms: An introduction (2010), p. 21. , Sage Publications, London and Thousand Oaks, CA; Fassin, D., Racialization: How to do races with bodies (2011) A companion to the anthropology of the body and embodiment, pp. 419-434. , in Frances E. Mascia-Lees (ed.) Blackwell Publishing, Chichester; Schwartz, M., The Department of Defence's use of private security contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq: background, analysis, and options for Congress (2011), Congressional Research Service, report prepared for members and committees of Congress, 13 May; Berndtsson, J., (2009) The privatization of state security and state control of force: Changes challenges and the case of Iraq, pp. 2-3. , University of Gothenburg, unpublished PhD thesis; Abrahamsen, R., Williams, M.C., Security beyond the state: global security assemblages in international politics (2009) International Political Sociology, 3, pp. 1-17; Duffield, M., (2001) Global governance and new wars: The merging of development and security, , Zed Books, London; Singer, P.W., (2003) Corporate warriors: The rise of the privatized military industry, , Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY and London; Leaner, A., The market for force and public security: The destabilizing effects of private military companies (2005) Journal of Peace Research, 42 (5), pp. 605-622; Kateri, C., Private security contractors and new wars: Risk, law and ethics, p. 2010. , Routledge, Oxford and New York, NY; Eichler, M., Citizenship and the contracting out of military work: From national conscription to globalized recruitment (2014) Citizenship Studies, 18 (6-7), pp. 600-614; Higate, P., Martial races and enforcement masculinities of the global South: Weaponising Fijan, Chilean, and Salvadoran postcoloniality in the mercenary sector (2012) Globalizations, 9 (1), pp. 35-52; Ferguson, J., (1999) Expectations of modernity: Myths and meanings of urban life on the Zambian copperbelt, p. 242. , University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA and London; Hoffman, D., Violence just in time: War and work in West Africa (2011) Cultural Anthropology, 26 (1), pp. 34-57; (2011) The war machine: Young men and violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia, , (Duke University Press, Durham, NC and New York, NY; Hansen, T.B., (2012) Melancholia of freedom: Social life in an Indian township in South Africa, pp. 2-4. , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Hoffman, Violence just in time The war machine; Hage, G., Waiting out the crisis: On stuckedness and governmentality (2009) Waiting, p. 97. , in Ghassen Hage (ed.), Melbourne University Press, Carlton; Christensen, Shadow soldiering; Tsing, A., The global situation (2002) The anthropology of globalization: A reader 2008, p. 75. , in Jonathan Xavier Inda and Renato Rosaldo (eds) (Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, Oxford, and Victoria; Schiller, N.G., Salazar, N.B., Regimes of mobility across the globe (2013) Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39 (2), pp. 183-200; Ferguson, J., Global shadows: Africa in the neoliberal world order (2006), p. 14. , Duke University Press, Durham, NC and London; Inda, Rosaldo, The anthropology of globalization, p. 35. , (eds); Ferguson, Global shadows, p. 14; Ferguson, Global shadows, p. 166; Vigh, H., The colour of destruction: On racialization, geno-globality and the social imaginary in Bissau (2006) Anthropological Theory, 6 (4), pp. 490-492; (2010), http://www.un.org/press/en/2010/sc9890.doc.htm, 22 March 17 December 2014; Christensen, Utas, Mercenaries of democracy ; Leone, S., (2012) African conflicts and informal power: Big men and networks, , see for instance Hoffman, The war machines; Mats Utas (ed.) (Zed Books, London and New York, NY; Van Damme (2009), Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Freetown, 25 June; Vigh, H., Wayward migration: On imagined futures and technological voids (2008) Ethnos, 74 (1), pp. 91-109; Hoffman, The war machine, pp. 243-247; Hoffman, Violence just in time , p. 39; Vigh, Wayward migration ; (2010), deported ex-militia, Freetown, 7 June; (2010), Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Freetown, 17 June; Taussig-Rubbo, M., Outsourcing sacrifice: The labor of private military contractors (2009) Yale Journal of Law and Humanities, 2 (1), pp. 103-166; Jensen, S., (2008) Gangs, politics and dignity in Cape Town, , (James Currey Publishers, Oxford; Vigh, The colour of destruction ; Shaw, R., Memories of the slave trade: Ritual and historical imagination in Sierra Leone (2002), p. 17. , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL and London; Shaw, R., Memories of the slave trade: Ritual and historical imagination in Sierra Leone (2002), p. 262. , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL and London; Mugerwa, Y., Amoru, P., Uganda: "Sold like slaves" to private guard companies in Iraq (2008) The Monitor, , Uganda), 28 August; Delany, M., Why 10,000 Ugandans are eagerly serving in Iraq (2009) The Christian Science Monitor, , 6 March; Eichler, Citizenship and the contracting out of military work , p. 607; Das V.Poole, D., (2004) Anthropology in the margins of the state, p. 4. , School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM; Eichler, Citizenship and the contracting out of military work Higate, Martial races and enforcement masculinities of the global South},
correspondence_address1={Christensen, M.M.; Royal Danish Defence CollegeGermany; email: isk-mk03@fak.dk},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={00019909},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Park20161,
author={Park, S.-C.},
title={East Asian culture and economic miracle: The South Korean experience},
journal={Institutions and Economies},
year={2016},
volume={8},
number={1},
pages={1-24},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956559743&partnerID=40&md5=8e2a6869f9bf93783d8b1d691edc413f},
affiliation={Graduate School of Knowledge Based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, South Korea},
abstract={After the economic destruction of advanced nations including Japan during to the Second World War, the countries gradually recovered to register impressive growth rates until 1980s; included in this rank is some developing countries. Tremendous growth rates were seen in newly industrialised nations such as Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan since the 1980s. At present, the Chinese economy is fast expanding and is the fastest growing after Malaysia and Thailand. East Asian economies are among the three major economic powers in the global economy along with the EU and the NAFTA. They share cultural heritage and have worked hard to develop their nations and play an important role in the global economic system. Thus, it is relevant to analyse what are reasons behind East Asian countries’ rapid economic development. Furthermore, it is also important to find out whether culture impact on national development in East Asia. This paper examines the cultural homogeneity in East Asia which is strongly influenced by Confucianist ideology and beliefs in general. It also discusses South Korean economic development strategies and role of culture in particular. Additionally, it analyses whether South Korean economy could develop further by creating technology innovation and strengthening regional economic integration. © 2016, Faculty of Economics and Administration. All right reserved.},
author_keywords={Confucianism;  Culture;  East Asia;  Economic development;  National strategy},
references={Amsden, A.H., (2003) Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Becker, S., Woessmann, L., Was weber wrong? A human capital theory of protestant economic history (2009) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124 (2), pp. 531-596; (2015), www.bloomberg.com/rank, Bloomberg; Brinkmann, B., (2011) Abitur in Südkorea, , 16 Stunden am Tag lernen; Chang, H.-J., (2007) Bad Samaritans: Rich Nations, Poor Policies, and the Threat to the Developing World, , London: Random House; Domar, E.D., Capital expansion, rate of growth, and employment (1946) Econometrica, 14 (2), pp. 137-147; Domjahn, T., What can developing countries learn from South Korea? (2013) Asian Culture and History, 5 (2), pp. 16-24; Fukuyama, F., (1995) Trust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity, , London: Hamish Hamilton; Glaeser, E.L., La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., Do institutions cause growth? (2004) Journal of Economic Growth, 8 (3), pp. 271-303; Harrod, R.F., An essay in dynamic theory (1939) The Economic Journal, 49 (193), pp. 14-33; Hahm, C., Why Asian values? (2001) Korea Journal, 41 (2), pp. 265-274; Hofstede, G., (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, , London: McGraw-Hill; Huntington, S.P., Cultures Count (2000) Culture Matters – How Values Shape Human Progress, 11p. , In Harrison, L., & Huntington, S. P. (Eds.), New York: Basic Books; (2011) 2011 World Economic Outlook, , International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington, DC: IMF; Kahras, H., Gertz, G., (2010) The New Global Middle Class: A Cross over from West to East, , Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings; Kern, T., Köllner, P., (2005) Südkorea Und Nordkorea. Einführung in Geschichte, Politik, Wirtschaft Und Gesellschaft, , Frankfurt: Germany, Campus Verlag; Krugman, P., The myth of Asia’s miracle (1994) Foreign Affairs-New York, 73, pp. 62-162; Landes, D., (1998) The Wealth and Poverty of Nations; Lau, L., East Asian Economic Growth: Miracle or Bubble? (2001) Yukichi Fukuzawa Lecture; Lee, B., (2006) Developmental Dictatorship and the Park Chung-Hee Era, , Paramus, NJ: Homa & Sekey Books; Lin, J.Y., (2010) The China Miracle Demystified, , Paper presented at the Econometric Society World Congress, Shanghai, China; Lin, J.Y., (2011) From Flying Geese to Leading Dragons, , . Policy Research Working Paper. No.5702. The World Bank Development Economics Office, Washington, D.C; Lucas, R.E., On the Mechanics of Economic Development (1988) Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, pp. 3-42; Mahbubani, K., (2008) The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistable Shift of Global Power to The East, , New York: Public Affairs; Magnus, G., (2013) Asia’s Fading Economic Miracle, 10p. , Centre for European Reform, Policy brief; Mankiw, G., Romer, D., Weil, D.N., A contribution to the empirics of economic growth (1992) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (2), pp. 407-437; Park, S.-C., South Korean trade strategies in the post global financial crisis (2014) Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 20 (1), pp. 59-76; Pye, L., (2000) Asian Values: From Dynamos to Dominoes? Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, , New York: Basic Books; Ramsey, F.P., A Mathematical Theory of Saving (1928) The Economic Journal, 38 (152), pp. 543-559; Rashid, S., (2000) Economic Policy for Growth: Economic Policy for Human Development, , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press; Rispense, R.K.E., (2009) Modern Economic Growth Theories and Miracle of the East Asian Tigers, , Rotterdam: Erasmus University Rotterdam; Romer, P.M., Increasing returns and long-run growth (1986) The Journal of Politicaleconomy, 94 (5), pp. 1002-1037; Romer, P.M., Endogenous technological change (1990) The Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5), pp. 71-102; Seong, H.C., Myth and reality in the discourse of confucian capitalism in Korea (2003) Asian Survey, 43 (3), pp. 485-506; Solow, R.M., A contribution to the theory of economic growth (1956) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70 (1), pp. 65-94; Solow, R.M., Technological change and the aggregate production function (1957) Thereview of Economics and Statistics, 39 (3), pp. 312-320; Stiglitz, J., From miracle to crisis to recovery: Lessons for four decades of East Asian experience (2001) Rethinking the East Asian Miracle, pp. 509-526. , In Stiglitz, J., & Shahid, Y. (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Swan, T., Economic growth and capital accumulation (1956) Economic Record, 32, pp. 334-361; (2015) Dictionary of Korean Folk Culture (In Korean), , The Academy of Korean Studies, Seoul: AKS; Todaro, M.P., Smith, S.C., (2012) Economic Development, , Boston: Addison-Wesley; Weber, M., (1920) Die Protestantische Ethik Und Der Geist Des Kapitalismus, , Stuttgart: Alfred Kroner Verlag; Wilkinson, B., Culture, institutions and business in East Asia (1996) Organization Studies, 17 (3), pp. 421-447; (2010) Household Survey Data, , Retrieved from PovcalNet Database},
correspondence_address1={Park, S.-C.; Graduate School of Knowledge Based Technology and Energy, South Korea; email: scpark@kpu.ac.kr},
publisher={Faculty of Economics and Administration},
issn={22321640},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Inst. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Giroux20151,
author={Giroux, H.A.},
title={Stormy weather: Katrina and the politics of disposability},
journal={Stormy Weather: Katrina and the Politics of Disposability},
year={2015},
pages={1-150},
doi={10.4324/9781315631899},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062187033&doi=10.4324%2f9781315631899&partnerID=40&md5=a69cfff9e13e8d309f4bc6e017baa651},
abstract={"By far the single most important account and analysis of the Katrina catastrophe." David L. Clark, McMaster University In his newest provocative book, prominent social critic Henry A. Giroux shows how the tragedy and suffering in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina signals a much larger crisis in the United States-one that threatens the very nature of individual freedom and inclusive democracy. This crisis extends far beyond matters of leadership, governance, or the Bush administration. It is a crisis that strikes at the very heart of democracy and must be understood within a broader set of antidemocratic forces that not only made the social disaster underlying Katrina possible, but also contribute to an emerging authoritarianism in the United States. Questions regarding who is going to die and who is going to live are driving a new form of authoritarianism in the United States. Within this form of "dirty democracy" a new and more insidious set of forces-embedded in our global economy-have largely given up on the sanctity of human life, rendering some groups as disposable and privileging others. Giroux offers up a vision of hope that creates the conditions for multiple collective and global struggles that refuse to use politics as an act of war and markets as the measure of democracy. Making human beings superfluous is the essence of totalitarianism, and democracy is the antidote in urgent need of being reclaimed. Katrina will keep the hope of such a struggle alive because for many of us the images of those floating bodies serve as a desperate reminder of what it means when justice, as the lifeblood of democracy, becomes cold and indifferent. © 2006, Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.},
references={Dewan, S., How Photos Became an Icon of the Civil Rights Movement (2005) New York Times, , http://www.wehaitians.com/how%20photos%20became%20icon%20of%20civil%20rights%20movement.html, August 28; Kellner, D., (1992) The Persian Gulf TV War, , Boulder: Westview; Moyers, B., The Media, Politics, and Censorship (2004) Common Dreams News Center, , http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0510-10.htm, May 10; Rich, F., The War's Lost Weekend, (2004) New York Times, p. 8. , May 29; Alterman, E., Is Koppel a Commie? (2004) The Nation, p. 10. , May 24; Hersh, S.M., (2005) Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib, , New York: Harper Perennial; Simpson, D., The Mourning Paper (2004) London Review of Books, 26 (10). , www.lrb.co.uk/v26/n10/print/simp01_.html, May 20; Frosch, D., Back from the Dead (2005) ALTWeeklies.com, pp. 1-3. , http://www.altweeklies.com/gyrobase/AltWeeklies/Story?oid=oid%3A151104, September 28; Barry, D., Macabre Reminder: The Corpse on Union Street (2005) New York Times, pp. 1-3. , http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02EEDD1331F93AA3575AC0A9639C8B63, (September 8); Jackson, D.Z., Healthcare Swept Away (2005) Boston Globe, , http://www.boston.com, September 21; Brooks, R., Our Homegrown Third World (2005) Los Angeles Times, pp. 1-2. , http://www.commondreams.org/cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/views05/0907-24.htm, (September 7); Neal, T.M., Hiding Bodies Won't Hide the Truth (2005) Washington Post, , http://www.washingtonpost.com, September 8; Goldberg, D.T., (2001) The Racial State, , Malden: Blackwell Publishing; Foner, E., Bread, Roses, and the Flood, (2005) The Nation, p. 8. , October 3; Bauman, Z., (2004) Wasted Lives, , London: Polity Press; Davis, M., (2006) Planet of Slums, , London: Verso; Pelz, J., The Poor Shamed Us into Seeing Them (2005) Seattle Post-Intelligencer, pp. 1-2. , http://www.commondreams.org/cgibin/print.cgi?file=/views05/0919-26.htm, (September 19); Conniff, R., Drowning the Beast (2005) The Progressive, , http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0907-30.htm, September 7; Foucault, M., (1990) The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, , New York: Vintage Books; Foucault, M., (1997) Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de France 1975-1976, , New York: Picador; Agamben, G., (1998) Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Agamben, G., (2002) Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen, , Cambridge: Zone Books; Agamben, G., (2003) State of Exception, trans. Kevin Attell, , Chicago: University of Chicago; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2000) Empire, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2004) Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, , New York: Penguin; Dean, M., Four Theses on the Powers of Life and Death, (2004) Contretemps 5, p. 17. , December; Bauman, Z., (2003) Liquid Love, p. 133. , London: Polity Press; Mills, C., Agamben's Messianic Biopolitics: Biopolitics, Abandonment and Happy Life, (2004) Contretemps 5, p. 47. , December; Mirzoeff, N., (2005) Watching Babylon: The War in Iraq and Global Visual Culture, p. 145. , New York: Routledge; Fregoso, R.L., 'We Want Them Alive!': The Politics and Culture of Human Rights, (2006) Social Identities 12:2, p. 109. , March; Mbembe, A., Necropolitics (2003) Public Culture, 15 (1), p. 16. , trans. Libby Meintjes; DiFazio, W., Katrina and President George W. Bush Forever (2006) Situations, 1 (2), p. 87; Bauman, Z., (2004) Wasted Lives, p. 13. , London: Polity Press; Bacevich, A.J., (2005) The New American Militarism, , New York: Oxford University Press; Gabbard, D.A., Saltman, K., (2003) Education as Enforcement, , eds., New York: Routledge; Beger, R.R., Expansion of Police Power in Public Schools and the Vanishing Rights of Students (2002) Social Justice, 29 (1-2), pp. 119-130; Kohn, R.H., Using the Military at Home: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (2003) Chicago Journal of International Law, 94 (1), pp. 165-192. , Spring; Lutz, C., Making War at Home in the United States: Militarization and the Current Crisis (2002) American Anthropologist, 104 (3), pp. 723-735; Greider, W., The Right's Grand Ambition: Rolling Back the 20th Century, (2003) The Nation, p. 17. , May 12; Comaroff, J., Comaroff, J.L., Millennial Capitalism: First Thoughts on a Second Coming (2000) Public Culture, 12 (2), pp. 299-305; Lasdon, E., Mantyla, K., (2004) Upper Brackets: The Right's Tax Cut Boosters, , http://www.pfaw.org/pfaw/dfiles/file_281.pdf, Washington, D.C.: People for the American Way Foundation; Conniff, R., Drowning the Beast, (2005) The Progressive, p. 1. , September 7; Krugman, P., Hey Lucky Duckies (2002) New York Times, p. 31. , December 3; Weisman, J., Budget Plan Assumes Too Much, Demands Too Little, (2007) Washington Post, p. A10. , February 7; Kristof, N.D., The Larger Shame, (2005) New York Times, p. 1. , September 6; Scheer, R., Rotten Fruit of the 'Reagan Revolution,' (2005) Robert Scheer.com, , http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0906-23.htm, September 6; Dreier, P., Katrina in Perspective: The Disaster Raises Key Questions About the Role of Government in American Society (2005) Dissent Magazine, , www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/su05/dreier.htm, (Summer); Lapham, L., The Simple Life (2005) Harper's Magazine, p. 11. , December; Greider, W., Defi ning a New 'New Deal,' (2005) The Nation, , http://www.alternet.org/module/printversion/25745, September 21; Goldberg, D.T., (W)hacked to pieces: Devastating America (2005) OpenDemocracy, , http://www.opendemocracy.net/home/index.jsp, (September 8); Allen, M., President Bush: Living Too Much in the Bubble? (2005) Time Magazine, , http://www.dscc.org/news/latest/20050911_bushinbubble/, (September 1); Ignatieff, M., The Broken Contract, (2005) New York Times Magazine, p. 15. , September 25; Karl, T.L., Bush's Second Gulf Disaster (2005) OpenDemocracy, , www.opendemocracy.net/xml/xhtml/articles/2808.html, (September 7); Dewan, S., For Want of Money, Remains of Some Hurricane Victims Not Collected (2006) New York Times, , www.nytimes.com/2006/02/17/national/nationalspecial/17bodies.html, (February 14); Hodgson, G., After Katrina, a Government Adrift (2005) OpenDemocracy, p. 2. , (September 6); Nichols, J., Barbara Bush: It's Good Enough for the Poor (2005) The Nation, , http://www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat?bid=1&pid=20080, (September 7); Norman, B., Savage Station (2005) Miami New Times, , www.miaminewtimes.com/Issues/2005-09-022/news/metro4.html, (September 22); Douglas, S.J., The Margins Go Mainstream, (2005) In These Times, p. 15. , October 24; Davis, M., Fontenot, A., Hurricane Gumbo, (2005) The Nation, p. 15. , November 7; Flaherty, J., Middleton, T., Imprisoned in New Orleans, (2006) ColorLines, p. 20. , Spring; Scahill, J., Blackwater Down (2005) The Nation, , http://www.thenation.com/doc/20051010/scahill, (October 10); Marcotte, A., The Shame of Blaming the Victims (2005) AlterNet, , http://www.alternet.org/story/25549/, (September 16); Davis, M., Who Is Killing New Orleans? (2006) The Nation, p. 12. , (April 10); Aronowitz, S., Is It Time for a New Radical Party? (2006) Situations, 1 (2), pp. 157-158; Poster, M., (2001) What's the Matter with the Internet?, , (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press); Bernstein, R.J., (2005) The Abuse of Evil, p. 5. , (London: Polity Press); Rich, F., I Saw Jackie Mason Kissing Santa Claus (2005) New York Times, p. 8. , (December 25), Late Edition; Gilroy, P., (2000) Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line, p. 148. , (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press); Agamben, G., On Security and Terror (2001), http://www.egs.edu/faculty/agamben/agamben-on-security-and-terror.html, trans. Soenke Zehle, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (September 20); Harvey, D., (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, pp. 160-164. , (New York: Oxford University Press); Agamben, G., (2005) State of Exception, trans. Kevin Attell, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Friedman, T., (2000) The Lexus and the Olive Tree, p. 373. , New York: Anchor; Grossberg, L., (2005) Caught in the Crossfire: Kids, Politics, and America's Future, p. 112. , Boulder: Paradigm Publishers; Krugman, P., Looting the Future, (2003) New York Times, p. A27. , December 5; Kaplan, E., (2004) With God on Their Side: How Christian Fundamentalists Trampled Science, Policy, and Democracy in George W. Bush's White House, p. 13. , New York: The New Press; Flanders, L., Bush's Hit List: Teens and Kids (2005) Common Dreams News Center, , www.commondreams.org/views05/0213-11.htm, (February 13); Rich, F., The Year of Living Indecently, (2005) New York Times, p. AR1. , February 6; McChesney, R.W., (1999) Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times, , New York: The New Press; Nichols, J., McChesney, R.W., (2006) Tragedy: How the American Media Sell Wars, Spin Elections, and Destroy Democracy, , New York: The New Press; O'Conner, R., United States of Fear (2005) AlterNet, , www.alternet.org/story/30801, (January 13); Bernstein, R.J., (2005) The Abuse of Evil: The Corruption of Politics and Religion Since 9/11, p. 26. , London: Polity; Rich, F., The Wiretappers That Couldn't Shoot Straight, (2006) New York Times, p. WK15. , January 8; Arendt, H., (1983) Men in Dark Times, p. 8. , New York: Harcourt Brace; Gilroy, P., (2005) Postcolonial Melancholia, p. 142. , New York: Columbia University Press; Hilton, I., The 800lb Gorilla in American Foreign Policy (2004) The Guardian/UK, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4980261-103390,00.html, July 28; Bacevich, A.J., (2005) The New American Militarism, p. 1. , New York: Oxford University Press; Judt, T., The New World Order, (2005) New York Review of Books, p. 16. , July 14; Mills, C.W., (1956) The Power Elite, , New York: Oxford University Press; Lyons, W., Drew, J., (2006) Punishing Schools: Fear and Citizenship in American Public Education, , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Schaeffer-Duffy, C., Feeding the Military Machine (2003) National Catholic Reporter, , http://www.natcath.com/MNCR_online/archives/032803/032803a.html, (March 28); Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2004) Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, pp. 12-13. , (New York: Penguin Press); Dowd, M., The Red Zone, (2004) New York Times, p. A27. , November 4; Goldberg, D.T., The Sovereign Smirk, (2004) Open Democracy, p. 3. , November 3; Dirlik, A., (2006) Global Modernity, , Boulder: Paradigm Publishers; Derrida, J., No One Is Innocent: A Discussion with Jacques Derrida About Philosophy in the Face of Terror (2001) Sueddeutsche Zeitung, , http://www.hudsoncress.org/html/library/western-philosophy/derrida%20-%20A%20discussion%20with%20Derrida%20on%20Terror.pdf, (September 21)},
correspondence_address1={Giroux, H.A.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Inc.},
isbn={9781317251408; 9781594513282},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Stormy Weather: Katrina and the Polit. of Dispos.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{He2015371,
author={He, K. and Walker, S.},
title={Role bargaining strategies for China's peaceful rise},
journal={Chinese Journal of International Politics},
year={2015},
volume={8},
number={4},
pages={371-388},
doi={10.1093/cjip/pov009},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84950299589&doi=10.1093%2fcjip%2fpov009&partnerID=40&md5=4e4da04659bd0748883a0d5f4568343a},
affiliation={Griffith Asia Institute and Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith University, Australia; School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, United States},
abstract={The bargaining for a new role in world politics presents a rising power with a strategic dilemma, as the new role entails a new power position in the system and a new social status in international society. China's assertiveness in diplomacy after 2008 can be seen as a 'role bargaining' process between China and the outside world, such as China's bargaining for a new role in the global financial system through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). This article aims to examine how a rising power can bargain for the new role in a peaceful way. Based on rational bargaining theory and on role theory, we suggest four strategies whereby a rising power bargains for a new role: costly signalling, selfrestraint, role-diversification, and alter-casting. Through focusing on China's World Trade Organization accession and integration into the global economy after the Cold War, we examine the utilities and limitations of these four rolebargaining strategies for a rising power in the international system. The first two strategies aim to address the information and commitment problems concomitant with rationalism that a rising power faces in negotiating a new power position, and the last two strategies focus on how a rising power can bargain for a new social role by balancing the self's role conception and the role expectations of others. © 2015 The Author.},
references={Friedberg, A., The Future of U.S.-China Relations (2005) International Security, 30 (2), pp. 7-45; Bourne, K., The Balance of Power in North America (1967), (Berkeley: University of California Press; Elman, C., (2004) Extending Offensive Realism: The Louisiana Purchase and America's Rise to Regional Hegemony, 98 (4), pp. 563-576. , American Political Science Review; Kennedy, P., (1987) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, , New York: Random House; Holsti, K.J., National Role Conceptions in the Study of Foreign Policy' (1970) International Studies Quarterly, 14 (3), pp. 233-309; Walker, S.G., Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis (1987), Durham: Duke University Press; Thies, C., Breuning, M., Integrating Foreign Policy Analysis and International Relations through Role Theory (2012) Foreign Policy Analysis, 8 (1), pp. 1-4; Harnisch, S., Conceptualizing in the Minefield: Role Theory and Foreign Policy Learning (2012) Foreign Policy Analysis, 8 (1), pp. 47-69; Cottam, M., Shih, C.-Y., (1992) Contending Dramas: A Cognitive Approach to International Organizations, pp. 19-38. , (New York: Praeger; Cameron, G.T., International Socialization Processes vs. Israeli National Role Conceptions: Can Role Theory Integrate IR Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis' (2012) Foreign Policy Analysis, 8 (1), pp. 25-46; Schelling, T., The Strategy of Conflict (1960), Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Fearon, J., Rationalist Explanations for War (1995) International Organization, 49 (3), pp. 379-414; Powell, R., War as a Commitment Problem (2006) International Organization, 60 (4), pp. 169-203; He, K., Feng, H., China's Bargaining Strategies after the Cold War: Successes and Challenges' (2014) Asian Security, 10 (2), pp. 168-187; Morrow, J., The Strategic Setting of Choices: Signaling, Commitment, and Negotiation in International Politics (1999) Strategic Choice and International Relations, pp. 91-92. , in David Lake and Robert Powell, eds. (Princeton: Princeton University Press; Fearon, J., Signaling Foreign Policy Interests: Tying Hands Versus Sinking Cost' (1997) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41 (1), pp. 68-90; Morrow, J., Modeling the Forms of International Cooperation: Distribution versus Information' (1994) International Organization, 48 (2), pp. 387-423; Trager, R., Diplomatic Calculus in Anarchy: How Communication Matters' (2010) American Political Science Review, 104 (2), pp. 347-368; Weeks, J., Autocratic Audience Costs: Regime Type and Signaling Resolve' (2008) International Organization, 62 (4), pp. 35-64; Snyder, J., Borghard, E., The Cost of Empty Threats: A Penny, Not a Pound' (2011) American Political Science Review, 105 (3), pp. 437-456; Glaser, C., Political Consequences of Military Strategy: Extending and Refining the Spiral Model' (1992) World Politics, 44 (4), pp. 497-538; Kydd, A., Sheep in Sheep's Clothing: Why Security Seekers Do Not Fight Each Other (1997) Security Studies, 7 (1), pp. 114-155; Nalebuff, B., Rational Deterrence in an Imperfect World' (1991) World Politics, 43 (3), pp. 313-335; Theodore, R.S., Vernon, L.A., Role Theory', in Gardner Lindzey and Elliot Aronson, eds. (1968), pp. 488-567. , Handbook of Social Psychology (Reading: Addison-Wesley; Thies, C.G., (1999) Socialization in the International System., , PhD dissertation, Arizona State University; Thies, A Social Psychological Approach to Enduring Rivalries (2001) Political Psychology, 22 (4), pp. 693-725; Thies, Socialization in the International System; Sheldon Stryker and Anne Statham, Symbolic Interaction and Role Theory (1985) Handbook of Social Psychology, pp. 311-378. , (New York: Random House; Biddle, B.J., Recent Developments in Role Theory' (1986) American Review of Sociology, 12 (1), pp. 67-92; Goddard, S., When Right Makes Might: How Prussia Overturned the European Balance of Power' (2008) International Security, 33 (3), pp. 110-142; Goddard, When Right Makes Might' (1989), pp. 5-6. , Robert Jervis, The Logic of Images in International Relations (New York: Columbia University Press; Wang, H., Linking Up with the International Track: What's in a Slogan?' (2007) The China Quarterly, (189), pp. 1-23; Zhao, S., Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour: Elite Politics in Post-Tiananmen China' (1993) Asian Survey, 33 (8), pp. 739-756; Pearson, M., The Case of China's Accession to the GATT/WTO', in David Lampton (2001) The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy, pp. 337-370. , (Stanford: Stanford University Press; Anderson, K., On the Complexities of China's WTO Accession' (1997) The World Economy, 20 (6), pp. 749-772; Segal, G., Does China Matter?' (1999) Foreign Affairs, 78 (5), pp. 24-36; Groombridge, M.A., China's Long March to a Market Economy' (2000) Cato Trade Policy Analysis, (10), p. 6; (2000) 'Summary of Specific Commitments', , www.wto.org/wto/services/websum.htm, 12 June; Tietje, C., Nowrot, K., Myth or Reality? China's Market Economy Status Under WTO Anti-Dumping Law after 2016' (2011) Policy Papers on Transnational Economic Law, (34); Miles, T., China Loses WTO Bid to Overturn US Law Against Unfair Subsidies' (2014) Reuters, , 27 March; Xuetong, Y., From Keeping a Low Profile to Striving for Achievement' (2014) Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7 (2), pp. 153-184; Perlez, J., (2015) 'Stampede to Join China's Development Bank Stuns Even Its Founder', , http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/03/world/asia/china-asianinfrastructure-investment-bank.html?smid=tw-share&_r=1, New York Times, 3 April; Sands, D.R., Democratic titans Say Obama "Screwed up" and Gave Rise to China's New Bank' (2015) The Washington Times, , http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/apr/1/efforts-to-head-off-china-development-bank-called-/, 1 April; Glaser, C., Will China's Rise Lead to War? (2011) Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism', Foreign Affairs, 90 (2), pp. 80-91; White, H., (2012) The China Choice: Why America Should Share Power, , (Collingwood: Black Inc; Wendt, A., Anarchy is What States Make of it' (1992) International Organization, 46 (2), pp. 391-425; Adler, E., The Spread of Security Communities: Communities of Practice, Self-restraint, and NATO's Post-Cold War Transformation' (2008) European Journal of International Relations, 14 (2), pp. 195-230; Hopf, T., The Logic of Habit in International Relations' (2010) European Journal of International Relations, 16 (4), pp. 539-561; Adler, E., Pouliot, V., International Practices' (2011) International Theory, 3 (1), pp. 1-36; Brown, C., The "Practice Turn", Phronesis, and Classical Realism' (2012) Millennium, 40 (3), pp. 439-456; Walker, S.G., Binary Role Theory: Reducing Uncertainty and Managing Complexity in Foreign Policy Analysis (2011), pp. 244-266. , in Stephen G. Walker, Akan Malici, and Mark Schafer, eds., Rethinking Foreign Policy Analysis: States, Leaders, and the Microfoundations of Behavioural International Relations (New York: Routledge; Walker, S.G., Role Theory and the Cognitive Architecture of British Appeasement Decisions: Symbolic and Strategic Interaction in World Politics (2013), New York: Routledge; Ikenberry, G.J., After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars (2001), (Princeton: Princeton University Press; Jacobson, H., Oksenberg, M., China's Participation in the IMF, World Bank, and GATT: Towards a Global Economic Order (1991), Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Market Access and Protocol Commitments , p. 6. , undated manuscript distributed by USTR after Premier Zhu Rongji's April 1999 visit to the United States; Barshefsky, C., US Trade Policy in China (1999), hearing before the Senate Finance Committee on the Status of China's Application to Join the World Trade Organization, 13 April; Suettinger, R., Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations (2003), 1989-2000 (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution; Kuhn, R.L., The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin (2004), (New York: Crown Publishing Group; Swaine, M., Perceptions of an Assertive China (2010), 32. , China Leadership Monitor; Swaine, M., China's Assertive Behavior-Part One: One "Core Interests (2011) China Leadership Monitor, 34; Swaine, M., Taylor Fravel, M., China's Assertive Behavior- Part Two: The Maritime Periphery (2011) China Leadership Monitor, 35; Perlez, J., Beijing's Exhibiting New Assertiveness in South China Sea (2012), New York Times, 31 May; Johnston, A.I., How New and Assertive Is China's New Assertiveness (2013) International Security, 37 (4), pp. 7-48},
correspondence_address1={He, K.; Griffith Asia Institute and Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Australia; email: hekai@yahoo.com},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={17508916},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. J. Int. Pol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gandzhumian201573,
author={Gandzhumian, V.},
title={“The gas pipeline war”: On several geopolitical consequences of the TANAP and Turkish stream projects},
journal={Central Asia and the Caucasus},
year={2015},
volume={16},
number={3-4},
pages={73-81},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949939415&partnerID=40&md5=8d0672b3c92b7dd7c79ccd1d8f5dd837},
affiliation={Department of World Politics and International Relations, Russian-Armenian (Slavic) University, Erevan, Armenia},
abstract={The current stage in international relations is characterized by rapid intensification of competition in the energy sphere. The Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis of 2008-2009, as well as the conflict around Ukraine at the current stage are pushing energy supply security, one of the most important concepts in scientific literature, into the foreground. The primary importance of this concept in the increasingly unstable and rapidly changing global economy is promoting the creation of new geopolitical and geo-economic advantages for the transit countries. Moreover, uninterrupted production and safe transportation of oil and natural gas are becoming important for guaranteeing the stability of the largest economies. This article looks at the ways to diversify gas deliveries to Europe, the geopolitical consequences of and Europe’s reaction to implementation of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline, and Turkey becoming the largest transit country and most important gas hub for Europe. Identifying and studying the above topics will be beneficial for drawing up a pragmatic policy that meets current reality. © 2015, CA and CC Press AB. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Energy security;  EU Energy Union;  Route diversification;  Russia;  Southern Gas Corridor;  TANAP;  The EU;  Turkey;  Turkish Stream},
references={Bulgaria, EU Still Want South Stream Pipeline, , www.euronews.com/2014/12/04/bulgaria-eu-stillwant-south-stream-pipeline/; Novak Says the Eus Position was the Reason for Cancelling the South Stream,”, , www.forbes.ru/news/274721-novak-nazval-prichinoi-ostanovki-yuzhnogo-potoka-pozitsiyu-es; Miller: The South Stream Project is Closed, There Will Be No Return, , www.ria.ru/economy/20141201/1036049502.html; Mogherini: The EU Will Give Turkey 70 Million Euros for Helping Refugees from Syria, , www.ria.ru/world/20141208/1037214544.html; Šefčovič Says the Gas Transit Route from Russia to Ukraine is a Key One for the EU, , www.1prime.ru/energy/20150324/805673116.html; Cutler, R.M., Turkmenistan Pipeline from East to West to Be Completed This Year, , www.eurasiansecurity.com/energy-geopolitics/turkmenistan-pipeline-completing-east-west/; Gazprom States Its Intention to Raise Gas Exports to Europe, , www.top.rbc.ru/businesss/03/02/2015/54d071579a7947b16ec39c8c; Schultz, S.T., Aserbaidschan Und Turkmenistan: Europa Setzt Auf Gas Von Autokraten, , www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/gas-aus-aserbaidschan-und-turkmenistan-eu-setzt-auf-autokraten-a-1019882.html; The Turkish Stream Will Be in Operation in December 2016, , www.gazeta.ru/business/news/2015/05/07/n_7174629.shtml; Turkish Ambassador: Ankara Expects Launching of the Turkish Stream after 2017, , http://www.interfax.ru/443245; Ilham Aliev: Azerbaijan has Enough Gas for Another 100 Years, , www.ekhokavkaza.com/archive/news/20150528/3235/2759.html?id=27041078; Ilham Aliev Makes an Unexpected Admission, ‘Someone is Standing in Our Way! ”, , http://haqqin.az/news/46072; Europe Consumes less Gas but Gazprom Saves Its Stake in 2014, , www.rusmininfo.com/news/23-01-2015/europe-consumes-less-gas-gazprom-saves-its-stake-2014; (2014) BP Energy Outlook 2035, , www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/Energy-Outlook/Energy_Outlook_2035_booklet.pdf, January},
correspondence_address1={Gandzhumian, V.; Department of World Politics and International Relations, Armenia},
publisher={CA and CC Press AB},
issn={14046091},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cent. Asia Cauc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shah2015810,
author={Shah, C.D.},
title={Agriculture production and economic growth},
journal={American Journal of Applied Sciences},
year={2015},
volume={12},
number={11},
pages={810-813},
doi={10.3844/ajassp.2015.810.813},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948171768&doi=10.3844%2fajassp.2015.810.813&partnerID=40&md5=bb53fa4d90e7dea7ce99fdd21f440e88},
affiliation={Lion Wealth Advisors Pvt Ltd., 106/b Synergy Tower, Prahlad-Nagar Corporate Road, Ahmedabad, 380018, India},
abstract={Post world-war II global economy is growing at steady pace and most of nations have been experiencing rise in per capita income whether they are rich or poor. Agriculture industry is major employer of poor people in low income nations where large segment of population work as an agriculture labourers. While in rich nations less than one percentage population is occupied in agriculture activity. In this article relationship between economic growth and agriculture production is evaluated for rich, middle-income and poor nations on datasets for period 1960 to 2014. © 2015 Chintan D. Shah.},
author_keywords={Agriculture production;  Economic growth;  Panel data regression},
references={Ohkawa, K., Rosovsky, H., The role of agriculture in modern Japanese economic development (1960) Econom. Develop. Cultural Change, 9, pp. 43-67; Hwa, E., The contribution of agriculture to economic growth: Some empirical evidence (1988) Am. J. Agric. Econom., 82, pp. 1059-1074; Johnston, B., Mellor, J.W., The role of agriculture in economic development (1961) Am. Econom. Rev., 51, pp. 566-593; Gollin, D., Parente, S., Richard, R., Role of agriculture in development (2002) Am. Econom. Rev., 92, pp. 160-164; Ghatak, S., Ingersent, K., (1984) Agriculture and Economic Development, p. 380. , 1st Edn., Johns Hopkins University Press; Thurlow, J., Hazell, P., Diao, X., The role of agriculture in African development (2010) World Develop., 38, pp. 1375-1383},
correspondence_address1={Shah, C.D.; Lion Wealth Advisors Pvt Ltd., 106/b Synergy Tower, Prahlad-Nagar Corporate Road, India; email: chintan.shah@lionwealthadvisors.com},
publisher={Science Publications},
issn={15469239},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. J. Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ehteshami2015223,
author={Ehteshami, A.},
title={Regionalization, Pan-Asian Relations, and the Middle East},
journal={East Asia},
year={2015},
volume={32},
number={3},
pages={223-237},
doi={10.1007/s12140-015-9233-7},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940461389&doi=10.1007%2fs12140-015-9233-7&partnerID=40&md5=425f34bc75857fc6a5d13e2cff45ede3},
affiliation={Durham, United Kingdom},
abstract={Research on the emerging links between the Middle East (West Asia) and other parts of Asia has grown considerably since late twentieth century. Indeed, the contributions to this special edition of the journal reflect some of the pioneering work taking place on pan-Asian relations encompassing new analysis of the Middle East’s links with the ‘East’—Central, South, and East Asia. The research in this field, looking back into history as well as forward, has grown in response to the changing dynamics of intra-Asian relations following the end of the Cold War in 1990 and the collapse of the Soviet Union as a Eurasian land empire just a year later. The end of bipolarity encouraged new transnational relations and further regionalization of a new world order. As multi-polarity has steadily given way to a state of non-polarity, so the veil has also been lifted on the significant economic and political ties which have grown across strategic regions. In considering strategic regions, it is contended here that Asia is home to the most dynamic of these, in terms of asset accumulation, geopolitical weight, population size, and economic prowess. But it is also significant for the volatility which appears along the fault lines of historical animosity, national security tensions, modern-day rivalries, border and resources disputes, and the strengthening of communalism and divisive role of identity politics. Moreover, the collapse of the Soviet control of much of Central Asia opened up new spaces for exchange in Asia, much encouraged by the exploitation of hydrocarbon reserves of the Soviet successor states in Asia (also Azerbaijan in the Caucasus). But, pan-Asian ties predate the post-Cold War transformations of the global system, and several Asian powers were able to negotiate mutually beneficial links soon after the Second World War. Although evidence of ancient pan-Asian relations is to be found in the Silk Road, systemic shift in our time is clearly leading to a perceptible transfer of the global economic balance Eastwards, which has brought with it the rise of energy-hungry Asian economies in the twenty-first century. Asian demand for energy has changed the complexion of Middle East-Asia relations, and pan-Asian relations in this context are today a reflection of the changing contours of the global political economy. © 2015, The Author(s).},
author_keywords={Energy;  MENA subsystem;  Pan-Asian relations;  Regionalization;  West Asia},
keywords={geopolitics;  global economy;  international relations;  new world order;  post-Cold War;  post-communism;  regionalization, Middle East;  North Africa;  West Asia},
references={Acharya, A., Regionalism and the Emerging World Order: Sovereignty, Autonomy, Identity (2002) New Regionalisms in the Global Political Economy, pp. 20-32. , Breslin S, Hughes CW, Phillips N, Rosamond B, (eds), Routledge, Londo; Al-Tamimi, N.M., (2014) China-Saudi Arabia Relations, 1990–2012: Marriage of Convenience or Strategic Alliance?, , Routledge, New York, N; Bin Huwaidin, M., (2002) China’s Relations with Arabia and the Gulf 1949–1999, , RoutledgeCurzon, Londo; Bromley, S., (1994) Rethinking Middle East Politics, , Polity Press, Cambridg; Campbell, I., (2013) India’s Role and Interests in Central Asia, , Saferworld, Londo; Carter, H., Ehteshami, A., (2004) The Middle East’s Relations with Asia and Russia, , (eds), RoutledgeCurzon, Londo; Cerny, P.G., Globalization and the Changing Logic of Collective Action (1995) International Organization, 49 (4), pp. 595-625; Cleveland, W.L., (2000) A History of the Middle East, , Westview Press, Boulder, C; Unit, E.I., (2014) GCC Trade and Investment Flows, , EIU, Londo; Ehteshami, A., (2013) Dynamics of Change in the Persian Gulf: Political Economy, War and Revolution, , Routledge, New York, N; Ehteshami, A., Miyagi, Y., (2015) The Emerging Middle East-East Asia Nexus, , Routledge, New York, N; Fawcett, L., Hurrell, A., (1995) Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and International Order, , (eds), Oxford University Press, Oxfor; Fawn, R., (2009) Globalising the Regional, Regionalising the Global, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridg; Flores-Marcias, G.A., Kreps, S.E., The Foreign Policy Consequences of Trade: China’s Commercial Relations with Africa and Latin America, 1992–2006 (2013) The Journal of Politics, 75 (2); Gulf Research Center, (2006) Dynamic Alliances: Strengthening Ties between the GCC and Asia, , Gulf Research Center, Duba; Hurrell, A., Regionalism in Theoretical Perspective (1995) Regionalism in World Politics: Regional Organization and International Order, pp. 37-73. , Fawcett L, Hurrell A, (eds), Oxford, Oxford University Pres; Janardhan, N., (2014) GCC-Asia Ties and Collective Security, , Gulf Research Center, Jedda; Kemp, G., (2012) The East Moves West: India, China and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, , Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C; Ladwig, W.C., III, India and the Balance of Power in the Asia-Pacific (2010) Joint Force Quarterly, 57 (2), pp. 111-119; Nye, J., (1971) Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organizations, , Little, Brown and co., Boston, M; Niblock, T., Malik, M., (2013) Asia-Gulf Economic Relations in the 21st Century: The Local to Global Transformation, , (eds), Gerlach Press, Berli; Scott, A.J., (1998) Regions and the World Economy: The Coming Shape of Global Production, Competition, and Political Order, , Oxford University Press, Oxfor; Sklair, L., (1991) Sociology of the Global System, , Harvester Wheatsheaf, Londo; Yang, G., World Energy Markets and China’s Relations with West Asia (2014) Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 8 (3), pp. 1-24},
correspondence_address1={Ehteshami, A.United Kingdom; email: a.ehteshami@durham.ac.uk},
publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers},
issn={10966838},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={East Asia},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Dubey2015137,
author={Dubey, A.K. and Biswas, A.},
title={Conclusion},
journal={India and Africa's Partnership: A Vision for a New Future},
year={2015},
pages={137-146},
doi={10.1007/978-81-322-2619-2_8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956665982&doi=10.1007%2f978-81-322-2619-2_8&partnerID=40&md5=41d040d1b5b6b6f06f39ebe283456ffc},
affiliation={UGC Centre for African Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India},
abstract={India-Africa relations have evolved dynamically and continuously over the years, having exhibited both change and continuity. During the colonial period they were focused on liberation and the fight against colonialism from the perspective of solidarity among colonized people across the world. Soon after India's independence Indo-African interaction focused on the liberation of African countries. Only in the post-Cold War era, with the emergence of both India and a large number of African countries as liberal global economies, have relations truly developed dynamically and rapidly. © African Studies Association of India 2016. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Dubey, A.K.; UGC Centre for African Studies, India; email: akdubey1@gmail.com},
publisher={Springer India},
isbn={9788132226192; 9788132226185},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={India and Africa's Partnersh.: A Vis. for a New Future},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Schmidt2015,
author={Schmidt, C.},
title={Warhol's problem project: The time capsules},
journal={Postmodern Culture},
year={2015},
volume={26},
number={1},
doi={10.1353/pmc.2015.0020},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84990989976&doi=10.1353%2fpmc.2015.0020&partnerID=40&md5=809791c73474baf7ae5bc1ef5f931816},
affiliation={LaGuardia Community College, United States},
abstract={This essay examines the split function of Andy Warhol's Time Capsules as both research archive and unrealized art project. It suggests that the Time Capsules epitomize Warhol's career-long preoccupation with consumption and waste (a concern animating much of his art production), and that the extreme materiality of the 610 Time Capsules is a complicated response to dematerialization in conceptual art practices and the post-war global economy. Finally, the essay reports on his on-site research of the Time Capsules, analyzing contradictions in the Warhol Museum's maintenance of the project as both art and archive.},
references={Aaronson, D., (2004) Andy Warhol 365 Takes, , New York: Abrams; Alberro, A., Stimson, B., (1999) Conceptual Art: A Critical Anthology, , Cambridge: MIT P; The Andy Warhol Museum archives (1993) Archives of Americ an Art Journal, 33 (4), p. 32; Angell, C., (2006) Andy Warhol Screen Tests: The Films of Andy Warhol Catalogue Raisonné, 1. , New York: Abrams; Benjamin, W., Theses on the philosophy of history (1968) Illuminations, pp. 253-264. , Hannah Arendt. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken; Berg, G., Andy warhol: My true story Interview with Andy Warhol, pp. 85-96. , Goldsmith; Binstock, J., (2000) Andy Warhol: Social Observer, , Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Bockris, V., (2003) Warhol: The Biography, , New York: De Capo; Buchloh, B.H.D., An Interview with Andy Warhol, p. 321332. , Goldsmith; Buchloh, B.H.D., Plenty or nothing: From yves klein's le vide to arman's le plein (2000) Neo-avant Garde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975, pp. 257-284. , Cambridge: MIT P; Cvetkovich, A., The queer art of the counterarchive (2011) Cruis Ing the Archive: Queer Art and Culture in los Angeles, 1945-1980, pp. 32-35. , Eds. David Frantz and Mia Locks. Los Angeles: ONE National Lesbian and Gay Archives; Danto, A., Andy warhol (1989) The Nation, pp. 458-461. , 3 Apr; Derrida, J., (1995) Archiv e Fever: A Freudian Impression, , Trans. Eric Prenowitz. Chicago: U of Chicago P; Flatley, J., Like: Liking and collectivity (2010) October, 132, pp. 71-98; Foster, H., The archival impulse (2004) October, 110, pp. 3-22; Frei, G., Printz, N., (2004) Paintings and Sculptures 1964-1969: The Andy Warhol Catalogue Raisonné, Vol. 02A, , New York: Phaidon; Freud, S., Character and anal erotism (1995) The Freud Reader, pp. 293-297. , Peter Gay. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton; Goldsmith, K., (2009) I'll Be Your Mirror: The Selected Andy Warhol Interviews: 1962-1987, , New York: De Capo; Golec, M.J., (2008) The Brillo Box Archive: Aesthetics, Design, and Art, , Hanover: Dartmouth UP; Harvey, D., (1990) The Condition of Postmodernity, , Malden: Blackwell; Herring, S., (2014) The Hoarders: Material Deviance in Modern American Culture, , Chicago: U of Chicago P; Hirschman, R., Pop goes the artist Interview with Andy Warhol, pp. 27-46. , Goldsmith; Koestenbaum, W., (2001) Andy Warhol, , New York: Viking; Kramer, M., The Last of the Wunderkammern, pp. 14-21. , Kramer and Smith; Kramer, M., Smith, J.W., (2003) Andy Warhol's Time Capsule 21, , Cologne: Dumont Literatur and Kunst Verlag; Kristeva, J., (1982) Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection, , Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP; Lippard, L.R., Postface, in Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object, 1966 to 1972, pp. 294-297. , Alberro and Stimson; Lippard, L.R., Chandler, J., The dematerialization of art Conceptual Art: A Critical Anthology, pp. 46-51. , Alberro and Stimson; Lobel, M., Warhol's closet (1996) Art Journal, 55 (4), pp. 42-50; Van Der Marck, J., Arman: An anthology (2002) Arman: A Survey: 1954-2002, , New York: Marlborough Gallery; Masotta, O., After pop, we dematerialize (2004) Listen Here Now! Argentine Art of the 1960s: Writings of the Avant-Garde, pp. 208-216. , Inés Katzenstein. New York: The Museum of Modern Art; Meltzer, E., (2013) Systems We Have Loved: Conceptual Art, Affect, and the Antihumanist Turn, , Chicago: U of Chicago P; Moon, M., (1998) A Small Boy and Others: Imitation and Initiation in American Culture from Henry James to Andy Warhol, , Durham: Duke UP; Ross, A., Uses of camp (1999) Camp: Queer Aesthetics and the Performing Subject: A Reader, pp. 308-329. , Fabio Cleto. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P; Schaffner, I., (1998) Deep Storage: Collecting, Storing, and Archiving in Art, , New York: Prestel; Schmidt, C., From a to b and back again: Warhol, writing, recycling (2008) Intervalles, 3 (4), pp. 794-809; Sebag-Montefiori, S., Bianca's retribution (1993) The New Yorker, pp. 23-24. , 16 Aug; Simon, J., (2013) Neomaterialism, , Berlin: Sternberg Press; Smith, J.W., Andy Warhol's Time Capsules, pp. 11-13. , Kramer and Smith; Smith, J.W., Saving time: Andy Warhol's Time capsules (2001) Art Documentation: J Ournal of the Art Libraries Society of North America, 20 (1), pp. 8-10; Smith, J.W., Allara, P., (2002) Possession Obsession: Andy Warhol and Collecting, , Pittsburgh: Andy Warhol Museum; Spieker, S., (2008) The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy, , Cambridge: MIT P; Swenson, G.R., What Is Pop Art? Answers from 8 Painters, Part I, pp. 15-20. , Goldsmith; Warhol, A., (1975) The Philosophy of Andy Warhol, , New York: Harcourt Brace; Warhol, A., (1989) The Andy Warhol Diaries, , Pat Hackett. New York: Warner Books; Warhol, A., (1975) Time Capsule 106, , Mixed Media. Archives Study Center. Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Warhol, A., (1974) Time Capsules, , Photocopied File Folders. Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Warhol, A., Hackett, P., (1980) POPism: The Warhol Sixties, , New York: Harcourt Brace; Wolf, R., (1997) Andy Warhol, Poetry, and Gossip in the 1960s, , Chicago: U of Chicago P; Wrbican, M., (2014) Personal Interview, , 14 Jan; Wrbican, M., Warhol's time capsule 51 (2014) Criticism, 56 (3), pp. 687-699; Vergano, D., The apollo 12 art caper (2010) USA Today, , 7 Jun, 05d. EBSCOhost. Web. 15 Aug},
correspondence_address1={Schmidt, C.; LaGuardia Community CollegeUnited States; email: bychrisschmidt@gmail.com},
publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press},
issn={10531920},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Postmodern Cult.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Naidoo2015145,
author={Naidoo, V.},
title={The youth and social entrepreneurship},
journal={Incorporating Business Models and Strategies into Social Entrepreneurship},
year={2015},
pages={145-153},
doi={10.4018/978-1-4666-8748-6.ch009},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957990161&doi=10.4018%2f978-1-4666-8748-6.ch009&partnerID=40&md5=7107fe86677aebf9e9d5b0a9d18550f2},
affiliation={University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa},
abstract={In today's world where the global economy is shrinking and the people of the world are constantly being plaque by recession, natural disasters, poverty and war the youth have to grapple with all these stressful influences. Due to the recession the job markets have become saturated as recession has hit the global economies throughout the world. The youth now are tasked with becoming involved in entrepreneurial activities to survive in these complex world economies. However entrepreneurship is not an easy endeavour. It is not for the faint hearted either. Entrepreneurism involves drive, perseverance, emotional intelligence and risk taking. A way forward for young people is social entrepreneurship as it offers them very viable opportunities within the backdrop of such a volatile economy. © 2016, IGI Global. All rights reserved.},
references={Aart, V., (2000) Entrepreneurship and new venture management (2nd ed.), , New York: Oxford; Bolton, B., Thompson, J., (2003) The entrepreneur in focus achieve your potential, , London: Thomson; Bornstein, D., (2007) How to change the world: Social Entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Bornstein, D., Davis, S., (2010) Social Entrepreneurship: What everyone needs to know, , Oxford, UK: Oxford Press; Boulton, C., Turner, P., (2005) Mastering business in Asia entrepreneurship, , Singapore: Wiley; Dees, G., (2001) The meaning of social entrepreneurship, , http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.p; Elkington, J., Hartigan, P., (2008) The Power of Unreasonable People, , Boston: Harvard Business Press; Foundation of Occupational Development, , www.xleweb.com/food, n.d.). Retrieved from; Greoenwald, M., Nayger, Van, Zyl, Visser, Train, Emanual, (2011) Entrepreneurship fresh perspective, , South Africa: Pearson; Lucas, E., Businesses that 'put back' are bucking the trend (2009) Professional Manager, , September; Mair, J., Marti, I., Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight (2006) Journal of World Business, 4, pp. 36-44; Mitra, J., (2012) Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development, , London: Routledge; Ndedi, A.A., Entrepreneurship Training and Job Creation in South Africa: Are Tertiary Institutions Filling the Gap? (2009) Journal of Contemporary Management, 6, pp. 441-462; Noruzi, M.R., Westover, J.H., Rahimi, G.R., An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship in the Entrepreneurship Era (2010) Asian Social Science, 6 (6), pp. 3-10. , June; Noruzi, M.R., Westover, J.H., Rahimi, G.R., An Exploration of Social Entrepreneurship in an Entrepreneurship Era (2010) Asian Social Science, 6, pp. 3-10. , June; Spinelli, S., Adams, R., (2012) New venture creation. Entrepreneurship for the 21st century, , (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill; Poverty is a serious problem in developing nations (2003) Poverty of nations: current controversies, pp. 15-21. , B. Miller & J. D. Torr (Eds.), (pp.). Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press; Trexler, J., Complexity and Philosophy. Social Entrepreneurship as an Algorithm: Is Social Enterprise Sustainable? (2008) E.CO., 10 (3), pp. 65-85; (2014), http://undesadspd.org/Youth.aspx; (2003) South Africa human development report: the challenge of sustainable development: Unlocking people's creativity, , Oxford University Press; Van der, Merwe, (2003) The Entrepreneur. In Entrepreneurship: A South African Perspective, , Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers; Van Rensburg, J., Veldsman, A., Jenkins, M., From Technologists to Social Enterprise, Developers: Our Journey as "ICT for Development" Practitioners in Southern Africa (2008) Information for Development., 14 (1), pp. 76-89; Yunus, M., (2007) Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism, , New York: Public Affairs; (2008) Essential of entrepreneurship and small business management, , (5th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson},
correspondence_address1={Naidoo, V.; University of KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa},
publisher={IGI Global},
isbn={9781466687493; 1466687487; 9781466687486},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Inc. Bus. Model. and Strateg. into Soc. Entrep.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mikheev201561,
author={Mikheev, V.V. and Lukonin, S.A.},
title={China after Boao-2015},
journal={World Economy and International Relations},
year={2015},
volume={59},
number={8},
pages={61-70},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009426690&partnerID=40&md5=b1f39a6b6cc6592e10c80b32c4d48077},
affiliation={Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation},
abstract={At the Boao Forum-2015 China fi xed the main directions of its domestic and foreign policy. The major goal of its foreign policy is to actively influence the global economy development in the coming decades. The main impact directions are the following: restructuring of the world's infrastructure, changing of the global fi nancial system, becoming one of the drivers in the global innovation economy. On a personal level, Xi Jinping continues to consistently implement its "strategic goal - to go down in history as China's "number three leader after Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Xi is developing his major innovations: fi ght against corruption, establishment of the National Security Council, development of the "Chinese Dream concept, formulation of the "New Norm concept in the economy and of a new foreign policy doctrine. In the foreign policy, the course of improving China's global role and building a "new type relationship with the United States is being strengthened. In relations with Russia and the United States, Beijing is following the dual-track policy of "hedging political risks: on one hand, - talking about a "special relationship with Russia, and on the other, - using the worsening of relations between Russia and the United States in order to receive dividends from both "Russia's turn to the East and the U.S.' desire to prevent the rapprochement between Russia and China in a new version of the "Cold War. Prospects for a new balance of forces confi guration in the West-China-Russia triangle over the next fi ve to ten years do not appear favorable for Russia. China will continue the trend to global leadership and "partnership-rivalry relationship with the United States.},
author_keywords={Boao Forum;  China;  Foreign policy;  Silk Road Economic Belt Megastrategy;  World economy},
funding_details={Russian Humanitarian FoundationRussian Humanitarian Foundation, RHF, 15-27-21002},
funding_text 1={The article is prepared with financial support of the Russian Humanitarian Foundation (grant no. 15-27-21002 "Eastern Europe and Russia Factor in Implementation of Chinese Silk Road Economic Belt Megastrategy).},
references={(2015) Boao Forum Asia-2015 (In Russ.)], , http://Russian.people.com.cn/31857/311370/index.html, Available at: (accessed 29.04; (2015) Sri Lanka Tells China It Will Rethink Ties-And A Major Port Project, , http://english.caixin.com/2015-03-10/100789883.html, Available at: (accessed 30.04; (2015) China Unveils Action Plan on Belt and Road Initiative, , http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-03/28/c-134105372.htm, Available at: (accessed 28.03; (2015) Big Numbers and Reality: What Is behind the Economic Statements of Leaders of China? (In Russ.], , http://south-insight.com/node/1458, Available at: (accessed 03.04; (2015) China-IMF Talks Underway to Endorse Yuan As Global Reserve Currency, , http://thebricspost.com/china-imf-talks-underway-to-endorse-yuan-As-global-reserve-currency/#.VR5r3OEnLqo, Available at: (accessed 12.03; (2015) Major U.S Allies to Join China-Backed Bank-Reports, , http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/03/17/europe-Asia-bank-idINKBN0MD0BA20150317, Available at: (accessed 17.03; Li, W., (2015) To Build High-Qquality Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics by Deepening Institutional Mechanism Reform, , http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/drc/2015-02/05/content-19496964.htm, Available at: (accessed 30.02; (2015) China Promises Transparent Audit of State Enterprises' $690b in Overseas Investments, , http://www.ibtimes.com/china-promises-transparent-Audit-state-enterprises-690b-overseas-investments-1849602, Available at: (accessed 18.03; (2015) Anti-Graft 'Sky Net' Frightens Fugitive Officials, , http://www.china.org.cn/china/2015-03/30/content-35196912.htm, Available at: (accessed 30.03; (2015) The Coming Chinese Crackup, , http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-coming-chinese-crack-up-1425659198, Available at: (accessed 06.03; (2015) Two-Thirds of Provinces Say They Missed GDP Growth Targets in 2014, , http://english.caixin.com/2015-01-27/100778964.html, Available at: (accessed 27.01; (2015) PBC Decides to Cut RMB Benchmark Loan and Deposit Interest Rates and Expand Deposit Interest Rate Floating Range, , http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/english/955/2015/20150302155947444497198/20150302155947444497198-.html, Available at: (accessed 03.02; (2015) Gov't Said to Name Three to Silk Road Fund Leadership Team, , http://english.caixin.com/2015-02-05/100781902.html, Available at: (accessed 06.02},
publisher={Primakov National Research Institute},
issn={01312227},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={World Economy Int. Relat.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Batzell2015753,
author={Batzell, R. and Beckert, S. and Gordon, A. and Winant, G.},
title={E. P. Thompson, politics and history: Writing social history fifty years after the making of the english Working Class},
journal={Journal of Social History},
year={2015},
volume={48},
number={4},
pages={753-758},
doi={10.1093/jsh/shv036},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942117996&doi=10.1093%2fjsh%2fshv036&partnerID=40&md5=d9adea73ea1de9b80ad26c449ebf9337},
abstract={These four articles revisit crucial concepts in the work of E.P. Thompson and the debates that follow him. Each looks forward to contemporary and future scholarship, and the real and potential relationship between historiography and social movements on the left. They reopen debates on moral economy, disputing how much of the working-class past is usable in the present. Particularly given the transformed nature of the state since the period of social transition in early modern England, this question seems urgent: can (arguably) backward-looking claims of traditional rights continue to serve to guide working-class resistance movements, given that they must invoke the powers of the modern state? Can ideas of class drawn from a period in which men were understood as workers and citizens, and women were not, be made useful in a different moment? Are there class formations possible under capitalism other than the bourgeois-proletarian antagonism to which we are accustomed? Do these challenges require a thorough rethinking of the relationship between such basic categories as law and political economy, class and gender? More recent social movements-indigenous, anticolonial, antiracist, feminist, and anti-war-might not have been recognized or countenanced by Thompson as "working class," but might they be useful in conversation with the Thompsonian legacy of class analysis? Together, these papers push the boundaries of our inheritance from Thompson, and suggest ways in which new social and political contexts-new states, new movements, and a drastically changed global economy-can reanimate the political force of Thompson's work. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.},
references={Hobsbawm, E., (2003) Interesting Times: A Twentieth Century Life, p. 214. , New York: Pantheon; Beckert, S., The History of Capitalism (2014) Journal of American History, 101 (2), pp. 503-536; Davis, M., Edward Thompson's Ethics and Activism 1956-1963: Reflections on the Political Formation of The Making of the English Working Class (2014) Contemporary British History, 28, p. 4; Hyslop, J., The Practice and Politics of Thompsonian Social History in South Africa, from the 1970s to the Present ; Doģan Çetinkaya, Y., E. P. Thompson in the 'Orient': His Belated Impact on Young Scholars of Turkey during the 1990′s ; Piñeiro, L.M.P., The Making of Labor History: Tracing the Influence of E. P. Thompson in Argentina ; Ichihashi, H., E. P. Thompson and Japanese Left Wing Intellectuals: Why Wasn't His Major Work Translated for 40 Years? ; Montgomery, D., (1980) Workers' Control in America: Studies in the History of Work, Technology, and Labor Struggles, , New York; Womack, J., Jr., (1970) Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, , New York; Sandbrook, R., Cohen, R., (1975) The Development of an African Working Class: Studies in Class Formation and Action, , Toronto; Scott, J.C., (1976) The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, , New Haven; Scott, J.W., (1980) The Glassworkers of Carmaux: French Craftsmen and Political Action in a Nineteenth-Century City, , Cambridge, MA; Wilentz, S., (1984) Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, , New York; Stansell, C., (1987) City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860, , Urbana, IL; Chandravarkar, R., (1994) The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business Strategies and Working Classes in Bombay, 1900-1940, , Cambridge; da Costa, E.V., (1994) Crowns of Glory, Tears of Blood: The Demerara Slave Rebellion of 1823, , New York; Gordon, A., (1988) The Evolution of Labor Relations in Japan: Heavy Industry, 1853-1955, , Cambridge, MA; Beckert, S., (2001) The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Rise of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850-1896, , New York; Batzell, R., Free Labour, Capitalism, and the Anti-Slavery Origins of Chinese Exclusion in California in the 1870s (2014) Past and Present, 225 (1), pp. 143-186; Eley, G., Nield, K., The Future of Class in History: What's Left of the Social? (2007), Ann Arbor, MI; Anderson, P., (1980) Arguments within English Marxism, , London: Verso; Robinson, C., (1983) Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition, , Chapel Hill; Jones, G.S., (1984) Languages of Class: Studies in English Working-Class History, 1832-1982, , Cambridge; Chakrabarty, D., (1989) Rethinking Working-Class History: Bengal 1890-1940, , Princeton; Scott, J.W., The Evidence of Experience (1991) Critical Inquiry, 17 (4), pp. 773-797; Sewell, W., Toward a Post-Materialist Rhetoric for Labor History (1993) Rethinking Labor History: Essays on Discourse and Class Analysis, pp. 15-38. , Lenard R. Berlanstein, Urbana, IL; Cooper, F., Work, Class, and Empire: An African Historian's Retrospective on E.P. Thompson (1995) Social History, 20 (2), pp. 235-241; Clark, A., (1995) The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class, , Berkeley; Gregg, R., Class, Culture, and Empire: E.P. Thompson and the Making of Social History (1998) Journal of Historical Sociology, 11 (4), pp. 419-460; Davidoff, L., Hall, C., (1987) Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850, , Chicago; Thompson, E.P., Eighteenth-Century English Society: Class Struggle without Class? (1978) Social History, 3, p. 150},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={00224529},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Soc. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cunningham2015218,
author={Cunningham, N.},
title={‘A sort of whirlwind’: mapping the changing geography of Presbyterian religious observance in Ireland},
journal={International Review of Sociology},
year={2015},
volume={25},
number={2},
pages={218-234},
doi={10.1080/03906701.2015.1039264},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938806934&doi=10.1080%2f03906701.2015.1039264&partnerID=40&md5=d9332a5b40e367302f6cf7d73e863fa4},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom},
abstract={Since the European Reformation and the colonisations of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Ireland has evolved a distinctive religious geography which had profound implications for its political development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, leading ultimately to the division of the island along explicitly religio–territorial lines in 1921. Troubled Geographies, a major project funded under the auspices of the Arts and Humanities Research Council's ‘Religion and Society’ programme was the first attempt to seek to understand patterns of change in the island's complex geography of religious settlement in the period since the Great Famine of the mid-nineteenth century up to the most recent published censuses for both Northern Ireland and the Republic. This paper will present findings from a smaller spin-off project funded by the British Academy, which digitised records of attendance at Presbyterian churches across the island over the last 150 years, enabling us to assess how patterns of practice were affected by the momentous events of the period, including partition, civil war, two world wars, the vicissitudes of the global economy and the Troubles of the more recent past. In addition, the use of new quantitative materials such as those in the Presbyterian records enables us to reflect on how patterns of substantive religious practice reflect those on nominal religious affiliation available from successive censuses from either side of the border. © 2015 University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’.},
author_keywords={GIS;  Ireland;  Northern Ireland;  Presbyterianism;  religious geography;  violence},
references={Beckett, J.C., (1966) The making of modern Ireland 1603–1923, , London: Faber & Faber; Bew, P., Patterson, H., (1985) The British state and the ulster crisis: from Wilson to Thatcher, , London: Verso; Bruce, S., (1986) God save Ulster! The religion and politics of Paisleyism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bruce, S., Unionists and the border (1999) The Irish border: history, politics, culture, , Anderson M., Bort E., (eds), Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; Press release: 2002 census of population – volume 12 – religion; Clarke, A., Pacification, plantation, and the catholic question, 1603–1623 (1976) A new history of Ireland volume III: early modern Ireland 1534–1691, pp. 187-232. , Moody T.W., Martin F.X., Byrne F.J., (eds), Oxford: Clarendon Press; Compton, P., Catholic majority out of sight (1983) Fortnight, , March; Cunningham, N.A., ‘The doctrine of vicarious punishment’: space, religion and the Belfast Troubles of 1920–1922 (2013) Journal of historical geography, 40, pp. 52-66; Cunningham, N.A., Gregory, I.N., Hard to miss, easy to blame? Peacelines, interfaces and political deaths in Belfast during the Troubles (2014) Political geography, 40, pp. 64-78; Douglas, R., Harte, L., O’Hara, J., (1998) Drawing conclusions: a cartoon history of Anglo-Irish relations 1798–1998, , Belfast: Blackstaff Press; Elliot, M., (2009) When god took sides: religion and identity in Ireland - unfinished history, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Foster, R.F., (1989) Modern Ireland: 1600–1972, , Harmondsworth: Penguin Books; Grada, C.Ó., Walsh, B., Fertility and population in Ireland, North and South (1995) Population studies, 49 (2), pp. 259-279; Gregory, I.N., Ell, P.S., (2007) Historical geography: technologies, methodologies and scholarship Cambridge studies in historical geography 39., p. 178. , Cambridge: Cambridge university Press; Gregory, I.N., (2013) Troubled geographies: a spatial history of religion and society in Ireland, , Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; Harnden, T., (1999) Bandit country: the IRA and South Armagh, , London: Hodder & Stoughton; Irish Independent; Irish Times, , 19 September; Irish Times; (2014) After you Conor, age before beauty' – Ian Paisley in his own words (12 September 2014). Available from:[Accessed 12 May 2015], , http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/mar/02/ian-paisley-in-quotes; Kennedy, L., (1986) Two Ulsters: a case for repartition, , Belfast: Queen's University Belfast; Kennedy, L., Repartition (1990) The future of Northern Ireland, pp. 137-161. , McGarry J., O’Leary B., (eds), Oxford: Clarendon Press; Laffan, M., (1983) The partition of Ireland 1911–1925, , Dublin: Dublin Historical Association; Leersen, J.T.H., (1986) Mere Irish and Fíor-Ghael: studies in the idea of Irish nationality, its development and literary expression prior to the nineteenth-century, Utrecht Publications in general and comparative literature 22, , Utrecht: John Benjamins Publishing Company; Lyons, F.S.L., (1979) Culture and Anarchy in Ireland 1890–1939, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; McGarry, J., O’Leary, B., Five fallacies: Northern Ireland and the liabilities of liberalism (1995) Ethnic and racial studies, 18 (4), pp. 837-861; McKittrick, D., (2007) Lost lives: the stories of the men, women and children who died as a result of the Northern Ireland Troubles, , Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing; Moloney, E., (2003) A secret history of the IRA, , London: Penguin; Moody, T.W., (1939) The Londonderry plantation, , Belfast: William Mullan & Son; Moody, T.W., Martin, F.X.A., Byrne, F.J., (1984) A new history of Ireland volume IX: maps, genealogies, lists., pp. 44-51. , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Morgan, H., (1993) Tyrone’s war: the outbreak of the Nine-Years war in Tudor Ireland., , Woodbridge: Boydell Press; (2011), http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/Theme.aspx, Available from:; O’Leary, B., McGarry, J., (1996) The politics of antagonism: understanding Northern Ireland, , London: Athlone Press; Rankin, K.J., Deducing rationales and political tactics in the partitioning of Ireland, 1912–1925 (2007) Political geography, 26 (8), pp. 909-933; Rankin, K.J., The role of the Irish boundary commission in the entrenchment of the Irish border: from tactical panacea to political liability (2008) Journal of historical geography, 34 (3), pp. 422-447; Shuttleworth, I.G., Lloyd, C.D., Are Northern Ireland's communities dividing? Evidence from geographically consistent census of population data, 1971–2001 (2009) Environment and planning A, 41 (1), pp. 215-216; Wood, I.S., (2006) Crimes of loyalty: a history of the UDA., , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press},
correspondence_address1={Cunningham, N.; Department of Sociology, United Kingdom; email: niall.cunningham@durham.ac.uk},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={03906701},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Rev. Sociol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lanciotti2015119,
author={Lanciotti, N.S. and Lluch, A.},
title={Investing in growing markets: opportunities and challenges for multinationals in Argentina, 1900–1960},
journal={Management and Organizational History},
year={2015},
volume={10},
number={2},
pages={119-135},
doi={10.1080/17449359.2015.1029949},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930042786&doi=10.1080%2f17449359.2015.1029949&partnerID=40&md5=eeccbb7414f4fd8ce38789c04ad8a262},
affiliation={National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET)–Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET)–National University of La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina},
abstract={This article analyzes the global and local factors that shaped foreign direct investment (FDI) in Argentina and the strategies of foreign multinationals to adapt to challenging circumstances and to exogenous shocks from the early twentieth century to the emergence of a new global economy in the 1950s. The central argument is that Argentina was a host economy attractive to foreign investments, not only in the first globalization period but also after the crisis of 1930 when the global economy started to crumble. Foreign firms viewed Argentina as a growing economy offering diverse business opportunities in different periods, with the exception of the interregnum of World War II and the Peronist administration (1946–1955), when financial and political risks appeared. The article draws on a different approach to the more traditional stock-flow FDI analyses, relying on a new database of foreign-controlled companies that operated in Argentina in the twentieth century (Foreign Companies in Argentina Database). © 2015 Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={drivers of foreign investment;  host economies;  Latin America;  managing risks;  waves of investment},
funding_details={PICT 2010/0501},
references={Barbero, M., Gilbert, J., Lanciotti, N., (2012) Business Groups in Argentina During the First Global Economy: Origins, Organisational Structure and Management Strategies, , Conference Paper in XVIth World Economic History Congress, July 2012, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Belini, C., DINIE y. los límites de la política industrial peronista, 1947–1955 [The DINIE and the limits of peronist industrial policy, 1947–1955] (2001) Desarrollo Económico, 161, pp. 97-119; Buckley, P., Casson, M., (2010) The Multinational Enterprise Revisited, , London: Palgrave-Macmillan; Casson, M., (1987) The firm and the Market. Studies on Multinational Enterprises and the Scope of the Firm, , Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; Casson, M., Institutional Diversity in Overseas Enterprise: Explaining the Free-Standing Company (1994) Business History, 36 (4), pp. 95-108; Casson, M., da Silva Lopes, T., Foreign Direct Investment in High-Risk Environments: An Historical Perspective (2013) Business History, 55 (3), pp. 375-404; Catalan, J., Strategic Policy Revisited: The Origins of Mass Production in the Motor Industry of Argentina, Korea and Spain, 1945–1987 (2010) Business History, 52 (2), pp. 207-230; Fischer, P., (1973) El capital externo en el desarrollo económico de Argentina: 1880–1964 [Foreign Capital and Economic Development in Argentina, 1880–1964], , Santiago de Chile: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigación Social; (1973) Las inversiones extranjeras en la Argentina, , Buenos Aires: FIEL; García Heras, R., (1985) Automotores norteamericanos, caminos y modernización urbana en la Argentina, 1918–1939 [US Automobiles, Roads and Urban Modernization in Argentina, 1918–1939], , Buenos Aires: Libros de Hispamérica; Gilbert, J., Harispuru, A., El holding ‘Tornquist’ y su vinculación con la comunidad belgo-alemana en Argentina [The Tornquist Group and its Relations with the German-Belgium Community in Argentina] (2009) Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos, 65, pp. 37-56; Hill, C., Hwang, P., Kim, W.C., An Eclectic Theory of the Choice of International Entry Mode (1990) Strategic Management Journal, 11 (2), pp. 117-128; Hymer, S., (1960) The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, 14. , Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; Jones, G., (1993) British Multinational Banking 1830–1990, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Jones, G., (2005) Multinationals and Global Capitalism: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Jones, G., (2010) Multinational Strategies and Developing Countries in Historical Perspective. Working Paper 10-076, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School; Jones, G., Lubinski, C., Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914–1990 (2012) Enterprise & Society, 13 (1), pp. 85-119; Katz, J., Características estructurales del crecimiento industrial argentino, 1946–1961 [Structural Patterns of Argentinian Industrial Development, 1946–1961] (1967) Desarrollo Económico, 26, pp. 59-76; Kindleberger, C., (1969) American Business Abroad: Six Lectures on Direct Investment, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Lanciotti, N., From a Guaranteeing State to an Entrepreneurial State: The Relationship between Argentina's State and Urban Utility Companies, 1880–1955 (2015) The Impact of Globalization on Argentina and Chile: Business Enterprises and Entrepreneurship, , forthcoming, Jones G., Lluch A., (eds), London: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited; Lanciotti, N., Lluch, A., Foreign Direct Investment in Argentina: Timing of Entry and Business Activities of Foreign Companies (1860–1950) (2009) Entreprises et Histoire, 54 (1), pp. 37-66; Lewis, C., Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Manufacturing and Industrial Policy in the Argentine, 1922–1928 (1987) The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 16 (1), pp. 77-108; Lluch, A., Lanciotti, N., Las empresas europeas en Argentina: condicionantes, destinos de inversión y cambios organizativos entre la primera y la segunda guerra mundial [European firms in Argentina: Local Conditions, Sectoral Distribution and Organizational Changes between the WWI and WWII] (2012) Desarrollo Económico, 52, pp. 119-146; Lluch, A., Salvaj, E., A Longitudinal Study of Interlocking Directories in Argentina and Foreign Firms’ Integration into the Local Capitalism (1923–2000) (2014) The Power of Corporate Networks: A Comparative and Historical Perspective, pp. 257-275. , Westerhuis G., David T., (eds), London: Routledge Press; Miller, R., (2010) Foreign Firms and Business History in Latin America, , Bogotá: Cátedra Corona, Universidad de Los Andes; O'Brien, T., (2006) The State, Multinationals and Latin American Nationalism 1945–1959, , Paper presented at XIV International Economic History Congress, Helsinki; Ocampo, J.A., Ros, J., Shifting Paradigms in Latin America's Economic Development (2011) The Oxford Handbook of Latin American Economics, pp. 3-25. , Ocampo J.A., Ros J., (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Platt, D.C.M., Canada and Argentina: The First Preference of the British Investor, 1904–1914 (1985) The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 13 (3), pp. 77-92; Regalsky, A., Banking, Trade and the Rise of Capitalism in Argentina, 1850–1930 (1997) Banking, Trade and Industry: Europe, America and Asia from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century, pp. 370-375. , Teichova A., Kurgan-van Hentenryk G., Ziegler D., (eds), Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; Silveira, A., Educating a City's Children: British Immigrants and Primary Education in Buenos Aires (1820–1880) (2013) The Americas, 70 (1), pp. 33-62; Skupch, P., Nacionalización, libras bloqueadas y sustitución de importaciones [Nationalization, Blocked Pounds Sterling and Import Substitution Industrialization] (1972) Desarrollo Económico, 12 (47), pp. 477-493; Sourrouille, J., (1976) El impacto de las empresas transnacionales sobre el empleo y los ingresos: el caso de la Argentina [Foreign Companies and its Impact on Employment and Revenues: the Argentine Case], , Buenos Aires: Organización Internacional del Trabajo; Sourrouille, J., (1980) Transnacionales en América Latina. El complejo automotor en Argentina [Multinationals in Latin America. The automobile industry in Argentina], , México: ILET – Editorial Nueva Imagen; (1955) Foreign Capital in Latin America, , New York: United Nations; Wilkins, M., European and North American Multinationals, 1870–1914: Comparisons and Contrasts, Business History (1988) Business History, 30 (1), pp. 8-45; Wilkins, M., Comparative Hosts (1994) Business History, 36 (1), pp. 18-50; (1946) Guía de sociedades anónimas 1944/45, responsabilidad limitada y cooperativas [Directory of Corporations, Limited Liability firms and Cooperatives, 1944–45], , Buenos Aires: Cámara de Sociedades Anónimas; (1947) Guía de sociedades anónimas, responsabilidad limitada y cooperativas. 1946/1947 [Directory of Corporations, Limited Liability companies and Cooperatives, 1946–7], , Buenos Aires: Cámara de Sociedades Anónimas; (1960) Guía el accionista de sociedades anónimas 1959–1960 [Directory of Corporations, 1959–1960], , Buenos Aires: El Accionista; Dorr Mansilla, H.B.P., (1931) Guía de Sociedades Anónimas. Anuario 1930 [Directory of Corporations, 1930], , Buenos Aires, Argentina: Dorr Mansilla; Dorr Mansilla, H.B.P., (1938) Guía de Sociedades Anónimas, responsabilidad limitada y cooperativas, 1937–1938 [Directory of Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and Cooperatives, 1937–1938], , Buenos Aires: Dorr Mansilla; Dorr Mansilla, H.B.P., (1924) Guía de Sociedades Anónimas 1924, , [Directory of Corporations, 1923–4]. Buenos Aires, Argentina; (1913) The Argentine Year Book, , Buenos Aires: Robert Grant & Co},
correspondence_address1={Lluch, A.; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET)–National University of La PampaArgentina; email: alluch@conicet.gov.ar},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={17449359},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Manage. Organ. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lafferty201555,
author={Lafferty, G. and Youssef, J.},
title={Beyond the Arab Spring: Evaluating Libya's long-term tourism prospects},
journal={Tourism Management Perspectives},
year={2015},
volume={14},
pages={55-62},
doi={10.1016/j.tmp.2015.03.002},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924872320&doi=10.1016%2fj.tmp.2015.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=2b6517a86d3da09ae3b16f30927a8f37},
affiliation={School of Business, University of Western Sydney, Australia},
abstract={Before the 'Arab Spring' that spread to Libya in early 2011, international tourism to the country had been increasing gradually for two decades. However, in the wake of the civil war, international tourism arrivals plummeted. Following the demise of the Gaddafi regime, the interim government reasserted Libya's commitment to international tourism growth and openness to the global economy, only to see the country once more descend into unrest and division. This paper assesses the long-term prospects for Libya's international tourism recovery, within a current context of increasing political instability and violence. The paper argues that a major factor inhibiting tourism growth has been the relatively poor quality of service in Libyan 4- and 5-star hotels. It goes on to explore possible strategies to improve the quality of service, concluding with an assessment of Libya's long-term potential to achieve 'international' standards of service quality and the wider implications that may be drawn from the paper's findings. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={4- and 5-star hotels;  Arab Spring;  Libya;  Long-term tourism prospects;  Service quality},
funding_text 1={International tourism had been gaining greater policy and economic prominence in Libya for several years before the Arab Spring. In 2003, the government established the Tourism Development Bank, 80% financed by the private sector. By 2005, over US$3 billion had been attracted for new tourism developments scheduled to provide more than 13,000 new hotel beds ( European Commission, 2009 ). Libya's Tourism Master Plan (LTMP), released originally in 1998 and then in revised form in 2006 ( Government of Libya, 1998, 2006 ), generated considerable momentum for further tourism development. Research on Libyan tourism has been scant; however, a notable exception was the work conducted for the Plan, which was jointly funded by the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and the Libyan government. Intended to enhance the country's standing as an international destination, with the goal of achieving one million tourists per year by 2015, the plan established an action programme for future tourism expansion, while a series of new laws and regulations was introduced to regulate tourism development and foreign investment.},
references={Abuzed, Z., (2002) Report on tourism problems presented to the secretary of the general board for tourism and antiquities, , General Board for Tourism and Antiquities, Tripoli; Bhat, S.S., Single case study research: The development of www.purenz.com (2012) Advances in culture, tourism and hospitality research series, 6, pp. 177-194. , Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK, A.G. Woodside, C. Ryan, K.F. Hyde (Eds.) Field guide to case study research in tourism, hospitality and leisure; Boella, M.J., Goss-Turner, S., (2013) Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice, , Routledge, London and New York; Bundhun, R., Resurgent Tripoli ready to put out the welcome mat (2012) The national; (2009) Customers suffer from employee churn: High turnover makes it harder to provide top service, , Cornell University, ILR School, Ithaca, NY; Chase, R.B., Where does the customer fit in a service operation? (1978) Harvard Business Review, 56, pp. 137-142; (2014) Libya withdraws from the organisation of the Africa Cup of Nations, , CAF, Cairo; Davidson, M.C.G., Timo, N., Wang, Y., How much does labour turnover cost? A case study of Australian four- and five-star hotels (2009) International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22 (4), pp. 451-466; Deery, M., Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies (2008) International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20 (7), pp. 792-806; Dinnie, K., (2010) Place Branding Theory and Cases, , Palgrave Macmillan, New York; Dyer, W.G., Wilkins, A.L., Better stories, not better constructs, to generate better theory: A rejoinder to Eisenhardt (1991) Academy of Management Review, 18 (3), pp. 613-619; (2009) Trade sustainability impact assessment (SIA) of the EU-Libya free trade agreement, , European Commission, Brussels; (2008) Annual report, , Government of Libya, Tripoli; (1998) Libyan tourism master plan 1998-2018, , Government of Libya, Tripoli; (2006) Libyan tourism master plan 1998-2018 (revised), , Government of Libya, Tripoli; Gursoy, D., Chi, C., Ai, J., Chen, B., Temporal change in resident perceptions of a mega-event: the Beijing Olympic Games (2011) Tourism Geographies, 13, pp. 299-324; Hyde, K.F., Ryan, C., Woodside, A.G., Why case study research? Introduction to the field guide to case study research in tourism, hospitality, and leisure (2012) Advances in culture, tourism and hospitality research series, 6, pp. 1-10. , Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK, A.G. Woodside, C. Ryan, K.F. Hyde (Eds.) Field guide to case study research in tourism, hospitality, and leisure; Holtzhausen, D., Fullerton, J., The 2010 FIFA World Cup and South Africa: a study of longer-term effects and moderators of country reputation (2013) Journal of Marketing Communications (ahead of print), pp. 1-14; (2012) Libya beyond the revolution: challenges and opportunities, , (prepared by R. Chami, A. Al-Darwish, S. Cevik, J. Charap, S. George, B. Gracia, S. Gray, & S. Pattanayak). 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correspondence_address1={Lafferty, G.; School of Business, University of Western SydneyAustralia},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={22119736},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Tour. Manage. Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ho2015169,
author={Ho, S.},
title={Uni-economics: Impact of sunspot on quality, productivity & business growth},
journal={TQM Journal},
year={2015},
volume={27},
number={2},
pages={169-184},
doi={10.1108/TQM-11-2014-0094},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924425818&doi=10.1108%2fTQM-11-2014-0094&partnerID=40&md5=c0f51280e9f99d2e08237851c9488661},
affiliation={Centre for Management Research, SYS University, Guangzhou, China},
abstract={Purpose: Historically, the study of the world's economy was classified into Micro-economics and Macro-economics. Perhaps, contemporary economists should learn from the universe which we are part of. Let us name this as "Uni-economics." Many scientists have found that sunspots affect human behavior. Some research findings even relate the 11-year periodic cycle to war and peace of mankind. It is also widely known in the medical profession that sunspot radiation actually affects our human body. With all these evidence in mind, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how sunspot activities can affect business growth since 1960s when the global economy was building up fast since the Second World War. Design/methodology/approach: The econometrics methodology deployed is in three steps. First, time series techniques were deployed to track down the changes of Sunspot Counts over the last 48 years on the world's four main financial indices, i.e., S&P, FTSE, Nikkei and HSI. Second, the long run function of a particular stock price index could be specified as a natural logarithmtransformation function. Finally, Granger's co-integration methodology is deployed to test the equilibrium relationships. Findings: This paper has harnessed a set of system and process that can ensure the long-term productivity and business growth of firms in this contemporary business world. It is predicted with 80 percent confidence that the next property depression in some affluent cities will happen in 2014/2015, with the global financial tsunami coming in 2019. Originality/value: More important is how organizations can make use of the trade-wind and avoid the counter-wind from the Uni-economics phenomena for their quality, productivity and business growth, in accordance to the Deming Cycle. As recalled from the previous two oil crisis (around 1975, 1986) and the two financial tsunami (1997 and 2008), 40-year-old organizations that can still survive today must have done something good, despite all these turmoil confronting them. © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={Business development;  Financial performance;  Individual behaviour;  Statistical analysis},
keywords={Behavioral research;  Financial markets;  Military operations;  Productivity;  Statistical methods;  Statistics;  Tsunamis, Business development;  Design/methodology/approach;  Financial performance;  Individual behaviour;  Medical profession;  Second World War;  Sunspot activity;  Time series techniques, Economics},
references={Deming, W.E., (1993) The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education, , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study, Boston, MA; Granger, C.W.J., (2003) Engle, Granger Win Nobel Prize for Economics", , www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2003/grangerlecture.pdf, updated October 8, (accessed February 19, 2015); Hoskin, M., (1997) The Cambridge Illustrated History of Astronomy, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Lakhovsky, G., (1985) The Secret of Life, , BSRF, Eureka, CA; Mandeville, M., The coming economic collapse of 2006: Trends (2003) Predictions, & Prognostications for 2004-2006 and beyond, , MetaSyn Media, July; Modis, T., Sunspots, GDP and the stock market (2007) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, pp. 1508-1514. , Phillips, F. (Ed.), Elsevier Inc., Philadelphia, PA; Preston, G.P., (2012) Warren Buffett's 3 Favorite Books: A Guide to the Intelligent Investor, Security Analysis, and the Wealth of Nations, , Pylon Publishing, New York, NY; Ramos, J., (2013) 10 Warren Buffett Quotes, , www.wealthlift.com/blog/10-warrenbuffett-quotes-berkshire-hathaway-learn-heart/, accessed July 20, 2013; Saari, S., Productivity: Theory and measurement in business (2006) European Productivity Conference, , Espoo, August 30-September 1; Schwabe, S.H., (2000) German Astronomer (1789-1875), , www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/528541/Samuel-Heinrich-Schwabe, accessed June 18, 2010; Stetson, H.T., (1937) Sunspots and Their Effects, , McGraw-Hill, New York, NY and London, 201pp; Wall, J.V., Jenkins, C.R., (2003) Practical Statistics for Astronomers, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; (2013) Productivity, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity, Wikipedia, (accessed April 19, 2014); Battros, M., Stubbs, T., (2005) Solar Rain: The Earth Changes Have Begun, , Earth Changes Press, New York, NY; Borges, J., (2000) Sunspot and Human Behavior, , www.borderlands.com/sun/sunspots.htm, accessed June 18, 2013; Botezat-Antonescu, L., Predeanu, I., Possible heliogeophysical influence on human health in Romania (1993) Conference on the Relations of Biological and Physicochemical Processes with Solar Activity and Other Environmental Factors, , Bruxelles; Breus, T.K., Halberg, F., Cornelissen, G., Effect of the solar activity on the physiological rhythms of human being (1993) Conference on the Relations of Biological and Physicochemical Processes with Solar Activity and Other Environmental Factors, , Bruxelles; (2000) Business Growth Dictionary, , www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business-growth.html, accessed April 18, 2014; Crowe, M.J., (1990) Theories of the World from Antiquity to the Copernican Revolution, , Dover, New York, NY; Dickey, D., Fuller, W., Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root (1979) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (366), pp. 427-431; Drake, S., (1978) Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography, , The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL (Dover reprint); Engle, R.F., Granger, C.W.J., Co-integration and error-correction: Representation, estimation and testing (1987) Econometrica, 55 (2), pp. 251-276; Ertel, S., (2000) Solar Activity and Bursts of Human Creativity, , www.knowledge.co.uk/frontiers/sf067p17.html, accessed June 18, 2010; (2013) Business Sustainability, , http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=business-sustainability, Financial Times, (accessed July 20, 2013); Fischer, G., Dearborn, D., (2009) Sunspots: Modern Research, Space Science Laboratory, , www.exploratorium.edu/sunspots/research.html, University of California, Berkeley, CA, accessed June 18, 2010; Freitas, R.A., (2009) Sunspots and Disease, , www.knowledge.co.uk/frontiers/sf034p12.html, accessed June 18, 2010; Galileo, G., Letters on sunspots Ideas and Opinions of Galileo, , (1613/1957)Trans. by S. 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correspondence_address1={Ho, S.; Centre for Management Research, China; email: samkmho@gmail.com},
publisher={Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.},
issn={17542731},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={TQM J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Clark201531,
author={Clark, C.},
title={The paradoxes in globalization's economic empowerment of South Korea},
journal={Korea Journal},
year={2015},
volume={55},
number={1},
pages={31-58},
doi={10.25024/kj.2015.55.1.31},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84934755899&doi=10.25024%2fkj.2015.55.1.31&partnerID=40&md5=d0db8d932730d105b09e35e692d60cd6},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, Auburn University, United States},
abstract={From a broad perspective, South Korea's "Miracle on the Han River" appears quite miraculous. Economically, South Korea was transformed from one of the poorest nations in the world at the end of the Korean War to a developed nation in the early twenty-first century. The growing globalization of the world economy clearly empowered South Korea as growing integration into the world economy was the centerpiece of the nation's economic developmental strategy. Yet, Korea's rapid growth and industrial transformation appear paradoxical in several key regards. First, an economic miracle should produce a satisfied and grateful population, but most leading politicians and the country's leading economic and political institutions have been fairly unpopular during most of South Korea's postwar history. Second, the South Korean experience crosscuts the normal debate in development studies, which conflates globalization and neoliberalism. Third, South Korea's widely vaunted developmental state in the 1960s and 1970s in reality departed quite significantly from the developmental state model. Finally, South Korea's attempts to promote its integration into the global economy during the post-developmental state period produced several sets of contradictory effects. © Korean National Commission for UNESCO, 2015.},
author_keywords={Development state;  Economic development;  Globalization;  Jaebeol;  Neoliberalism;  South Korea},
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correspondence_address1={Clark, C.; Department of Political Science, United States; email: clarkcm@auburn.edu},
publisher={Korea Journal Korean National Commission for UNESCO},
issn={00233900},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Korean J.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Piewitt201562,
author={Piewitt, M.},
title={The creation of the World Trade Organization and the establishment of an advocacy regime},
journal={Journal of Public Affairs},
year={2015},
volume={15},
number={1},
pages={62-75},
doi={10.1002/pa.1496},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924142521&doi=10.1002%2fpa.1496&partnerID=40&md5=509e24d9ab5636ef5cb25cef4acf5676},
affiliation={Collaborative Research Center Transformations of the State, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany},
abstract={Interest group research is a nascent domain in the literature on the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article seeks to explore the development and the current status of the WTO's advocacy regime. It reviews the role of interest groups in the history of the multilateral trading regime and explores the mechanisms of interest representation at the WTO. The paper shows that the design of the WTO's advocacy regime goes back to international efforts for a new governance of global economy after World War II. It is presented that the system is not static but subject to frequent changes, and it is contended that the recently implemented access badges mechanism is one important step toward a conventional lobbying regime as known from the nation states. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
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correspondence_address1={Piewitt, M.; Collaborative Research Center Transformations of the State, Germany},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
issn={14723891},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Public Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vermeulen201573,
author={Vermeulen, W.J.V.},
title={Self-governance for sustainable global supply chains: Can it deliver the impacts needed?},
journal={Business Strategy and the Environment},
year={2015},
volume={24},
number={2},
pages={73-85},
doi={10.1002/bse.1804},
note={cited By 63},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923427644&doi=10.1002%2fbse.1804&partnerID=40&md5=a8abaa7e9b924896ce72d7b9bcbbefe5},
affiliation={Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands; Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa},
abstract={The world community convened in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 for the third UN Conference on Sustainable Development. We are, however, increasingly facing major persistent threats, which despite being known for a few decades are still far from being solved - or are even still increasing. On the individual business level, this has four major implications: increased social pressures; possible reputational damage; exposure to resource wars; and front-running competitors adjusting their value chain strategies. In supply chain governance this leads to four main types of strategies: do it yourself; join forces; the 5C-approach and harmonising. The key question is: is this sufficient? Imagine 2022 - where will we be 10 years after Rio 2012? Is a rapid and structural transition to a circular and fair global economy possible, using this path of self-governance for products traded in the global economic arena? This will strongly depend on four key factors: rapid growth of consumer demand; 'all-inclusiveness' of these supply chain governance approaches; successful uplifting production practices of all suppliers; and addressing the major issues of unsustainability. Here we see various serious weaknesses, like the lack of third-order evaluation and biases causing some of the more recent issues to be overlooked and less visible supply chains. The challenge is to develop a form of 'meta'-governance, including new approaches by governments, combining public policy strategies with the demonstrated virtues of self-governance. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.},
author_keywords={Certification;  Global trade;  Governance;  Sustainable supply chains},
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correspondence_address1={Vermeulen, W.J.V.; Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, PO Box 80115, Netherlands},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
issn={09644733},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Strategy Environ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Akaev2015191,
author={Akaev, A. and Sarygulov, A. and Sokolov, V.},
title={Macroeconomic evolution: The multipolarity of the process and quantitative estimation models},
journal={Social Evolution and History},
year={2015},
volume={14},
number={2},
pages={191-207},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995487638&partnerID=40&md5=3f14019336b22615dfab509e03e6990d},
affiliation={Moscow State University, Russian Federation; Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Construction, Russian Federation; Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, Russian Federation},
abstract={The development of global economy at the turn of the centuries was characterized by the emergence of two new sustained points of growth (China and India), weakening of economic potential of developed countries (G-7), shift of new wave of potential growth to the countries with considerable domestic markets (Russia, Brazil, SAR, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey, Nigeria, Argentine, Vietnam, and Thailand). The economic crisis which started in 2007 revealed that growth potential of G-7 countries has reached its limit, while structural disparity of their economics lowers the competiveness of their goods and services at international markets. In that context countries that may become a 'new wave' of economic growth are of practical interest. Assuming that the stability of global development can be provided only at the expense of multipolar growth points, we proposed a set of mathematical models, taking into account key indicators, such as population number, technological growth rates and GDP volume. Calculations, based on these models have been performed. It was shown, that without any regional wars the countries of 'new wave' and BRICS are capable of providing the sustainable development of world economy in the first half of the twenty-first century. © 2015 'Uchitel' Publishing House.},
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M.: KomKniga/URSS; Kremer, M., Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990 (1993) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (3), pp. 684-716; Lin, T.-C., Education, Technical Progress, and Economic Growth: The Case of Taiwan (2003) Economics of Education Review, 22, pp. 213-220; Maddison, A., (2005) Growth and Interaction in the World Economy, , The Roots of Modernity. Washington, D.C. The AEI Press; Minh, Q.D., Population and Economic Growth in Developing Countries (2012) International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2 (1), pp. 6-17; Mokyr, J., (2005) Long-term Economic growth and the History of Technology, , Amsterdam: Elsevier; Nagarajan, R., Teixeira, A.A.C., Silva, S., (2013) The Impact of Population Ageing on Economic Growth: An In-depth Bibliometric Analysis, , FEP Working Paper No 505. Porto; O'Neill, J., (2011) The Growth Map Economic Opportunity in the BRICs and Beyond, , London: Portfolio/Penguin; Rabstone, W., Evans, N., (2008) Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, , Washington, D.C.: National Intelligence Council; Solimano, A., Soto, R., (2005) Economic Growth in Latin America in the late 20th Century: Evidence and Interpretation, , Santiago, Chile: United Nations; Solimano, A., Watts, N., (2005) International Migration, Capital Flows and the Global Economy: A Long Run View, , Santiago: UN; Sommer, T., Is the 21st Century Going to Be the Asian Century (2006) ASIEN, 100, pp. 70-78; Wilson, D., Purushothaman, R., (2003) Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050, , Global Economics Paper No: 99. The Goldman Sachs Group},
publisher={Izdatel'skii Dom Uchitel},
issn={16814363},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soc. Evol. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Morgen2015237,
author={Morgen, S.},
title={“In harm’s way” the distributive effects of welfare, tax, and military policies on the home front},
journal={Rethinking America: The Imperial Homeland in the 21st Century},
year={2015},
pages={237-262},
doi={10.4324/9781315632384-23},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966990755&doi=10.4324%2f9781315632384-23&partnerID=40&md5=8c4ba2639f8435af614cc6291fcb198f},
affiliation={The University of Oregon, United States},
abstract={Capitalism breeds economic inequalities, but in its contours and extent, the economic polarization in the United States today differs substantially from that of the middle decades of the twentieth century. Between 1947 and 1979, real household income grew across all income groups, and growth was most robust for families in the bottom quintile (one-fi fth) of households.4 The more equitably distributed fruits of economic expansion in the three decades following World War II resulted from a combination of healthy economic growth, strong labor unions, determined civil rights and feminist activism, and modestly redistributive tax and welfare-state policies. These Keynesian economic and social policies were strongly advocated by powerful labor, civil rights, and feminist social movements in a global context in which a viable political-economic alternative to capitalism pushed economic and political elites to modulate the harshest consequences of capitalism and inequality. However, beginning with the “Reagan revolution” in the 1980s and escalating in the post-Cold War global economy, a very different political and public policy regime has become hegemonic. A coalition of neoliberal (or free-market) ideologues, a more highly politicized corporate elite, and the powerful right wing of the Republican Party has succeeded in reversing or emaciating many of the public policies that had fostered fi rst a growing white middle class, and then, the extension of greater economic, employment, and educational opportunity to white women and people of color in the wake of concerted social movement activism. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.},
references={Krugman, P., (2007) The Conscience of a Liberal, , New York: W. W. Norton; Krugman, P., (2007) The Conscience of a Liberal, , New York: W. W. Norton; Uchitelle, L., The Richest of the Rich: Proud of a New Gilded Age New York Times, , July 15, 2007, 1; Mishel, L., Bernstein, J., Sylvia Allegretto, (2005) The State of Working America, 2004-2005, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Harvey, D., Neo-Liberalism as Creative Destruction (2006) Human Geography, 88 (2), pp. 145-158; (2004) The War at Home: The Domestic Costs of Bush’s Militarism, p. 12. , New York:New Press; (2004) The War at Home: The Domestic Costs of Bush’s Militarism, p. 7. , New York:New Press; Goode, J., Maskovsky, J., (2001) The New Poverty Studies: The Ethnography of Politics, Policy and Impoverished People in the United States, , New York: New York University Press; Pappu, S., Angry White Man (2007) Mother Jones, , http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2007/01/dobbs.html, January-February, available at; Kiltey, K., Segal, E., (2006) The Promise of Welfare Reform: Political Rhetoric and the Reality of Poverty in the 21st Century, p. 117. , Binghampton, NY: Haworth Press; Currie, J., (2006) The Invisible Safety Net: Protecting the Nation’s Poor Children and Families, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Prasad, M., (2006) The Politics of Free Markets: The Rise of Neoliberal Economic Policies in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, p. 6. , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Abramovitz, M., Morgen, S., (2006) Taxes Are a Woman’s Issue: Reframing the Debate, p. 69. , New York: Feminist Press; Ehrenberg, J., (2006) Servants of Wealth: The Right’s Attack on Economic Justice, , Lanham, MD:Rowman and Littlefi eld; Wolff, E., (1996) Top Heavy: The Increasing Inequality of Wealth in America and What Can Be Done about It, pp. 1-3. , New York: New Press; Springer, J., (2003) Dividend Tax Cut: Ineffective Stimulus Now, Bigger Defi cits Later, , http://www.cbpp.org/1-10-03tax.htm, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, available at; Luntz, F., (2006) Words That Work: It’s Not What You Say, It’s What People Hear, , New York: Hyperion; Johnston, D.K., (2005) Perfectly Legal: The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefi t the Super Rich and Cheat Everybody Else, , New York: Portfolio Trade; Kamin, D., Shapiro, I., (2004) Studies Shed New Light on Effects of Administrations Tax Cuts, , http://www.cbpp.org/8-25-04tax.htm, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, DC, September 13, available at; Lutz, C., (2001) Homefront: A Military City and the American Twentieth Century, , Boston:Beacon; Goodman, D., Recruiting the Class of 2005 (2002) Mother Jones, , January-February; Kleycamp, M.A., College, Jobs, or the Military? Enlistment during a Time of War (2006) Social Science Quarterly, 87 (2), pp. 272-290; Neal, T., Military’s Recruiting Troubles Extend to Affl uent War Supporters (2005) Washington Post, , August 22; Roberts, D., (1997) Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty, , New York: Pantheon; Mink, G., (1998) Welfare’s End, , Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press; Hancock, A.-M., (2004) The Politics of Disgust: The Public Identity of the Welfare Queen, , New York: New York University Press; Brown, W., Neoliberalism and the End of Liberal Democracy (2003) Theory and Event, 7 (1); Shapiro, T., (2004) The Hidden Cost of Being African American: How Wealth Perpetuates Inequality, , New York: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Morgen, S.; The University of OregonUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781317252870; 9781594513831},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethinking America: The Imperial Homeland in the 21st Century},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cabral20159,
author={Cabral, S.},
title={United States, Latin America and the XXI century world: Forging a new geopolitical space},
journal={Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy and International Relations},
year={2015},
volume={4},
number={8},
pages={9-20},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960495949&partnerID=40&md5=c2ff416a34426a8f80d02abe22a02e69},
affiliation={Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos de China Ásia-Pacifico (IBECAP), Brazil},
abstract={The paper aims to analyze the relationship of the United States and Cuba considering the post-Cold War international environment, characterized by the rise of a multipolar order and Chinese influence, and the emergence of the Latin world and other relevant regional actors in a new era of global economy.},
author_keywords={Latin America;  Post-cold war;  United States of America},
references={Brzezinski, Z., (1997) The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives, , New York: Basic Books; Brzezinski, Z., (2004) The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership, , New York: Basic Books; Brzezinski, Z., (2007) Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower, , New York: Basic Books; Brzezinski, Z., (2012) Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, , New York: Basic Books; Cabral, S., (2004) Brasil megaestado: uma nova ordem mundial multipolar, , Rio de Janeiro: Faperj/Contraponto; Cabral, S., (2013) China: uma visão brasileira, , Macau: IIM/IBECAP; Costa, D., (2005) Estrategia nacional: La cooperación Sudamericana como camino para la inserción internacional de la región, , Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros; Gruzinski, S., (2004) Les quatres parties du monde: histoire d' une mondialisation, , Paris: Editions de La Martinière; Huntington, S., (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, , New York: Simon & Shuster; Jinping, X., (2014) A Governança da China, , Beijing: Edições em Línguas Estrangeiras; Jinping, X., (2014) "Criar uma comunidade de destino comum para avançar juntos.", , Speech to the heads of State and Government of CELAC - Community of Latin American and Caribbean States in Brasília (DF) in July 17; Kissinger, H., (2011) On China, , London: Allen Lane; Kissinger, H., (2014) World Order, , New York: Penguin Press; Mackinder, H., (2000) Democratic Ideals and reality: a Study in the Politics of Reconstruction (and others essays), , Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press; Kissinger, H., The Round World and the Winning of the Peace (1943) Foreign Affairs, , July 1943; Mahan, A.T., (1900) The Problem of Asia: its effect upon international politics, , Boston: Little & Brown, Cia; Maisonneuve, E.D.L., (2005) Stratégie, crise et chaos, , Paris: Economica; Malagrida, C.B., (1919) El Factor Geografico en la Política Sudamericana, , Madrid: Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación; Murawiec, L., (2000) La guerre au XXIe siècle, , Paris: Odile Jacob; Murawiec, L., (2002) L'Esprit des Nations: cultures et géopolitique, , Paris: Odile Jacob; Murawiec, L., (2003) La guerre d'après, , Paris: Albin Michel; Murawiec, L., (2008) The Mind of Jihad, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Obama, B., Obama's Remarks on Iraq and Afghanistan (2008) New York Times, , July 15; Silva, A.D., (2009) Comunidade Luso-Brasileira e outros ensaios (Organização e prefácio de Henryk Siewierski), , Brasília: FUNAG; Spykman, N.J., (1942) America's Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power, , New York: Harcourt Brace & World; Spykman, N.J., (1944) The Geography of the Peace, , New York: Harcourt Brace & World; Travassos, M., (1947) Projeção Continental do Brasil, , São Paulo: Cia. Editora Nacional (Brasiliana); Xiaoping, D., (1994) Textos Escogidos Tomo III, , Beijing: Ediciones en Lenguas Extranjeras},
correspondence_address1={Cabral, S.; Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos de China Ásia-Pacifico (IBECAP)Brazil; email: sbcabral@uol.com.br},
publisher={Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul},
issn={22386262},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Austral: Brazilian J. Strat. Int. Relat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Jani2015241,
author={Jani, N.},
title={Mission lost: What does evidence base and standardization mean for international social work?},
journal={Global Frontiers of Social Development in Theory and Practice: Climate, Economy, and Justice},
year={2015},
pages={241-254},
doi={10.1057/9781137460714_13},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960279123&doi=10.1057%2f9781137460714_13&partnerID=40&md5=6e1870aaae665c623623bff0b4762656},
affiliation={Florida Gulf Coast University, United States},
abstract={The professionalizatkm of social work is a recent phenomenon. However, the founding principles of social work have been around since prehistoric times. There is no culture in this world where charity and care for others is unheard of in history. There is no religious text in the world that excludes the principles of caring for those in need. Charity has been a practice in all cultures since ancient times. In recent years, the basic concept of social work has expanded the idea of "helping those in need" to empowering those in need and branched out in several different areas, including but not limited to psychiat ric social work, criminal justice and correctional social work, medical social work, administrative social work, rural and urban social work, and military social work. Involvement of social workers with different populations in need has emerged from the growing demand for this helping profession for needy individuals and families. With increasingly complex global economic structures and fast depleting natural resources, this era is witnessing exceeding conflicts, wars, and dire poverty. The struggle for survival of the fittest has become the new norm of this global economy, which poses a serious threat to human growth and development. In these times of crisis, the demand for the social work profession today is higher than ever (Howard, 1944; Billups, 2002). © Brij Mohan 2015.},
references={Abott, E., Three American Pioneers in International Social Welfare (1947) The Compass, 28 (4), pp. 3-7 and 36; Billups, J., (2002) Faithful Angels: International Social Work Notables of the 20th Century, , Washington, DC: NASW Press; De Jongh, J.F., (1972) A Retrospective View of Social Work Education. In International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW), New Themes in Social Work Education, pp. 22-36. , Proceedings, Sixteenth International Congress of Schools of Social Work, The Hague, Netherlands, August 8-11, 1972 (New York: IASSW); Friedlander, W.A., Some International Aspects of Social Work Education (1949) Social Service Review, 23 (2), pp. 204-210; Garigue, P., Challenges to Cultural Variations to Social Work (1961) Education for Social Work, pp. 9-22. , (Proceedings), Council on Social Work Education (Ninth Annual Program meeting); Jani, N., Women in Afghanistan: Caught in the Middle (2012) International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 1 (2), pp. 1-7; Healy, L.M., (2008) International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World, , Second ed. London: Oxford University Press; Lally, D., International Social Welfare Organizations and Services (1987) Encyclopedia of Social Work, pp. 969-986. , A. Minahan (ed.), 18th ed.) (Silver Spring, MD: National Association of Social Workers Press; Leung, J., China (1995) International Handbook on Social Work Education, pp. 403-419. , T. D. Watts, D. Elliott, and N. S. Mayadas (eds.), Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Lorenz, W., (1994) Social Work in Changing Europe, , London: Routledge; Manjikian, G., (1996) The Spread of Social Work Education: Case Study of Armenia, , (monograph) Stanford, CA: Stanford University, School of Education, International Educational Administration and Policy Analysis; Mohan, B., Rethinking International Social Work (2008) International Social Work, 51 (1), pp. 11-21; Mohan, B., (2005) Reinventing Social Work: The Metaphysics of Social Practice., , Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen; Mohan, B., (2011) Development, Poverty of Culture, and Social Policy, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Mohan, B., (2012) Society and Social Justice: Nexus in Review, , Bloomington, IN: iUniverse; Maeda, K.K., Japan (1995) International Handbook on Social Work Education, pp. 389-402. , T.D. Watts, D. Elliott, and N. S. Mayadas (eds.), Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Popple, P.R., Social Work Profession: History (1995) Encycolpedia of Social Work, pp. 2282-2292. , R. Edwards (ed.), (19th ed.) (Washington, DC: NASW Press); Queiro-Tajalli, I., Argentina (1995) International Handbook on Social Work Education, pp. 87-102. , T. D. Watts, D. Elliott, and N. S. Mayadas (eds.), Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Radlinska, H.O., (1929) Training for Social Work in Poland. In International Conference of Social Work, 2, pp. 85-93. , proceedings, First Conference, Paris, July 8-13, 1928; Sen, A., Unity and Discord in Social Development (2007) South China Morning Post, p. 21. , Paper delivered to the Fifth Symposium, International Consortium of Social Development, Hong Kong, July 16, 2007, word processed manuscript; see his profile, July 20, 2007: A14 "Behind the News"); (1958) Training for Social Work: Third International Survey, , New York: Author; Wieler, J., Alice Salomon (1988) Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 2 (2), pp. 165-171},
correspondence_address1={Jani, N.; Florida Gulf Coast UniversityUnited States; email: njani@fgcu.edu},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
isbn={9781137460714; 9781137460707},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Frontiers of Soc. Development in Theory and Practice: Climate, Economy, and Justice},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lindholt20151607,
author={Lindholt, L.},
title={The tug-of-war between resource depletion and technological change in the global oil industry 1981-2009},
journal={Energy},
year={2015},
volume={93},
pages={1607-1616},
doi={10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.126},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954556568&doi=10.1016%2fj.energy.2015.09.126&partnerID=40&md5=789532487a3c998d81b34577bbba35c7},
affiliation={Statistics Norway, Research Department, Norway},
abstract={We perform an empirical analysis of the extent to which ongoing technological change through research and development activity has offset the effect of ongoing depletion on the cost of finding and developing additional reserves of oil in eight global regions. We introduce a finding cost function which, among other factors, depends on the cumulative number of past R&D expenses and cumulative past production, measuring technological change and depletion, respectively. For all our regions we find significant effects of both depletion and technological change on oil finding costs from 1981 to 2009, while we take into consideration cyclical variations in finding costs that could come from changes in factor prices. For almost all regions, technology more than mitigated depletion until around the mid-nineties. However, we find that depletion generally outweighed technological progress over the last decade. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={Depletion;  Finding costs;  Oil;  R&D (research and development);  Technological change},
keywords={Cost functions;  Costs;  Proven reserves, Cyclical variation;  Depletion;  Empirical analysis;  Global oil industry;  Research and development;  Resource depletion;  Technological change;  Technological progress, Cost benefit analysis, cost analysis;  empirical analysis;  global economy;  oil industry;  resource depletion;  technological change},
funding_details={Norges ForskningsrådNorges Forskningsråd},
funding_text 1={Thanks to Knut Einar Rosendahl, Mads Greaker, Terje Skjerpen and Cathrine Hagem for valuable suggestions and comments. Comments from two anonymous reviewers are also highly appreciated. Thanks to the Research Council of Norway for funding.},
references={Adelman, M.A., Mineral scarcity and depletion: theory and measurement (1993) The economics of petroleum supply, , MIT Press Cambridge, MA; Arrow, K.J., The economic implication of learning by doing (1962) Rev Econ Stud, 29, pp. 155-173; (2012) Statistical review of world energy, , http://www.bp.com; Breitung, J., The local power of some unit root tests for panel data (2000) Non-stationary panels, panel cointegration and dynamic panels, advances in econometrics, 15, pp. 161-178. , Baltagi B, editor.); (2007) R&D depreciation rates in the 2007 R&D satellite account, , US Department of Commerce;; (2012) US GDP price deflator, US Department of Commerce, , http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/DownSS2.asp?3Place=N; Upward trend continues as costs index rise 6 per cent in the past six months, , 2008. press release, May 14; Chakravorty, U., Roumasset, J., Tse, K., Endogenous substitution among energy resources and global warming (1997) J Polit Econ, 105 (6), pp. 1201-1234; Choi, I., Unit root tests for panel data (2001) J Int Money Finan, 20, pp. 249-272; Chopra, S., Castagna, J.P., (2014) AVO, SEG investigation in geophysics no. 16, , [The Society of Exploration Geophysicists]; Cuddington, J., Moss, D.L., Technological change, depletion, and the U.S. petroleum industry (2001) Am Econ Rev, 91 (4), pp. 1135-1148; Dahlin, K.B., Behrens, D.M., When is an invention really radical? Defining and measuring technological radicalness (2005) Res Policy, 34, pp. 717-737; Dobbs, R., Oppenheim, J., Thompson, F., Mareels, S., Nyquist, S., Sanghvi, S., (2013) Resource revolution: tracking global commodity markets, trends survey 2013, , McKinsey Global Institute;; (2012) Performance profiles of major energy producers, various issues 1981-2009, , U.S. Department of Energy;; (2012) Crude oil proved reserves, , http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=57&aid=6; Fagan, M., Resource depletion and technical change: effects on U.S. crude oil finding costs from 1977 to 1994 (1997) Energy J, 18 (4), pp. 91-105; Forbes, K.F., Zampelli, E.M., Technology and the exploratory success rate in the US offshore (2000) Energy J, 21 (1), pp. 109-120; Guellec, D., Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B., From R&D to productivity growth: do the institutional settings and the source of funds of R&D matter? (2004) Oxf Bull Econ Stat, 66 (3), pp. 353-378; Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels (2003) J Econ, 115, pp. 53-74; Kemp, A., Kasim, S., A regional model of oil and gas exploration in the UKCS (2006) Scott J Polit Econ, 53 (29), pp. 198-221; Maddala, G.S., Wu, S., A comparative study of unit root test with panel data and new simple tests (1999) Oxf Bull Econ Stat, (61), pp. 631-652; Managi, S., Opaluch, J.J., Jin, D., Grigalunas, T.A., Technological change and depletion in offshore oil and gas (2004) J Environ Econ Manag, 47, pp. 388-409; Osmundsen, P., (2011) Interaction on the continental shelf-contracts and incentives (in Norwegian), pp. 75-87. , Prakt Økon Og Finans; Osmundsen, P., Rosendahl, K.E., Skjerpen, T., Understanding rig rates, , discussion papers 696. 2012 [Statistics Norway]; Osmundsen, P., Roll, K.H., Tveterås, R., Drilling speed-the relevance of experience (2012) Energy Econ, 34, pp. 786-794; Reynolds, D.B., The mineral economy: how prices and costs can falsely signal decreasing scarcity (1999) Ecol Econ, 31 (1), pp. 155-166; Romer, P., Endogenous technological change (1990) J Polit Econ, 98 (5), pp. 71-102; Rouvinen, P., R&D-productivity dynamics: causality, lags and "dry holes" (2002) J Appl Econ, 5 (1), pp. 123-156; Siegel, D.R., Estimating potential social losses from market failure: oil exploration in Alberta (1985) Rand J Econ, 16 (4), pp. 537-552; http://www.stata-press.com/manuals/documentation-set/; Teufel, A., Pyles, B., (2008) Fisher investments in materials, , John Wiley & Sons; (2005) TSP international reference manual, , version 5.0; (2012) Iron and steel statistics, , http://minerals.usgs.gov/ds/2005/140/ironsteel.pdf; Wieser, R., Research and development productivity spillovers: empirical evidence at the firm level (2005) J Econ Surv, 19 (4), pp. 587-621},
correspondence_address1={Lindholt, L.; Statistics Norway, Norway; email: lars.lindholt@ssb.no},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={03605442},
coden={ENEYD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Energy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gromyko2015141,
author={Gromyko, A.},
title={Russia-EU relations at a crossroads: Preventing a new cold war in a polycentric world},
journal={Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea},
year={2015},
volume={15},
number={2},
pages={141-149},
doi={10.1080/14683857.2015.1060018},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954400346&doi=10.1080%2f14683857.2015.1060018&partnerID=40&md5=2666d9ee99f5a6a0b892b703dfa46d8f},
affiliation={Institute of Europe (Russian Academy of Sciences), Mokhovaya st., 11-3, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation},
abstract={In the past year, the Ukrainian crisis has generated an international discussion about a ‘new Cold War’. This article looks into the likelihood of such a scenario and makes suggestions of how it may be precluded. The course of events depends on whether the current model of globalization can be reversed. This would mean not only a change in the current structure of the global economy, but its dismantling. However, it is obvious that for most European and other states, the risks associated with such a policy outweigh potential geopolitical and economic benefits. The international order is in a state of flux. High risks are unacceptable when governments or nations pursue their interests in a stable environment. But when the balance of power shifts substantially, as it has now, the perception of risk threshold also begins to change. European history has shown that large-scale transformations in international relations in most cases triggered tension and violence, caused by rising demands of ascending powers and by resistance of those who were challenged. In the twenty-first century, the polycentric structure of the world provides an opportunity to achieve a new lasting global settlement, and to put an end to the current period of increasing tension. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={EU;  Globalization;  New Cold War;  Russia;  Security;  Ukrainian crisis},
references={Carter, C., Brumfield, B., Mazloumsaki, S., (2014) Vice President Joe Biden Apologizes to Turkey, , http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/05/politics/isisbiden-erdogan-apology, UA#. CNN News, October 6, accessed March 30, 2015; Devine, J., (2014) What Really Happened in Chile, 93 (4). , The CIA, the Coup against Allende, and the rise of Pinochet. Foreign Affairs, July–August; Elliott, L., (2014) Oil at the Heart of New Cold War, pp. 14-20. , The Guardian Weekly, November; Entous, A., Barnes, J.E., Lee, C.E., (2014) Hagel’s Resignation Capped Tense Tenure, , The Wall Street Journal, November 27; Kissinger, H., (2014) World Order, , New York: Penguin Group; Krastev, I., Leonard, M., (2014) The New European Disorder. Essay. London, , European Council on Foreign Relations, November 24; Takeyh, R., (2014) What Really Happened in Iran, 93 (4). , The CIA, the ouster of Mosaddeq, and the restoration of the Shah. Foreign Affairs, July–August; (2014) Remarks by President Obama in Address to the United Nations General Assembly, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/24/remarks-president-obama-addressunited-nations-general-assembly, The White House, New York, September 24, 2014). Office of the Press Secretary, accessed March 30, 2015; Topping, A., Elder, M., (2012) Britain Admits ‘fake rock’ Plot to Spy on Russians, , http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/19/fake-rock-plotspy-russians, The Guardian, January 19, accessed March 30, 2015; Weissman, S.R., (2014) What Really Happened in Congo, 93 (4). , The CIA, the murder of Lumumba, and the rise of Mobutu. Foreign Affairs, July–August},
correspondence_address1={Gromyko, A.; Institute of Europe (Russian Academy of Sciences), Mokhovaya st., 11-3, Russian Federation; email: alexey@gromyko.ru},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={14683857},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Southeast Eur. Black Sea},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Porras201525,
author={Porras, I.},
title={Binge development in the age of fear: Scarcity, consumption, inequality, and the environmental crisis},
journal={International Law and Its Discontents: Confronting Crises},
year={2015},
pages={25-83},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781107239357.002},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953878830&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781107239357.002&partnerID=40&md5=8a0c05c0f07f6a414124fa07a7255634},
affiliation={University of Miami School of Law, United States},
abstract={Allow not nature more than nature needs, Man's life's as cheap as beast's. King Lear (Act 2, Sc. 4) INTRODUCTION The opening act of the twenty-first century is likely to be remembered as one driven by the twin scourges of fear and crisis. Calculated to be spectacular, the attacks of September 11, 2001 became a global media sensation without precedent. Fear became the undertone underlying choice in politics, policy, and daily life. Fear of terrorism engendered and justified the costly global War on Terror, while fear of the intimate strangers in our midst and new technologies coalesced to enable the new security state. Reacting to a perceived existential threat, the western liberal democracies entered into moral crisis, openly embracing the use of force, preemptive war, repressive but friendly regimes, torture, drone strikes, extrajudicial executions, indefinite detention, and the deployment of pervasive surveillance technologies. In parallel, the global economic crisis, aptly termed the Great Recession, broke out in 2008. Triggered by rampant greed and excessive risk taking in the banking sector and facilitated by lax regulatory regimes in the United States and other western democracies, the Great Recession demonstrated the vulnerability of the increasingly interconnected national economies to each other's failures. The Great Recession, whose effects are still being felt in 2014, directly and indirectly affected the livelihoods of large segments of the global population. The response of bureaucrats, policy pundits, and politicians at the national, regional, and international levels has been variously to call for more or better regulation and oversight of transnational banks and corporations; to demand the massive infusion of stimulus capital into local and national economies; or to insist on the necessity of adopting austerity measures. All agreed, however, that the way out of the global economic crisis was national economic growth. Across the globe, emphasis was placed on ensuring the survival of major private economic actors; stimulating investment in the building and infrastructure sectors; shoring up industrial and manufacturing assets; job creation; and above all, on building consumer confidence, so that borrowing and spending could once again drive the global economy. © Barbara Stark 2015.},
funding_details={National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNational Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST},
funding_text 1={We wish to thank Hans Lischka, Russell D. Johnson III and Karl Irikura for numerous discussions and for computer support at the Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Radiation Chemistry, Vienna University (A. P. and I. C.) and the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD (A. P., C. A. D. and J. F. L.), respectively. A. P. and J. F. L. wish to thank the University Computing Services of the University of Maryland Baltimore County for com-putatorial resources. A. P. also wishes to thank the Open Society Fund, Slovakia for research support and John and Carol Van Pelt for their hospitality in Maryland, and thus allowed her to become a summer research student at J. F. L.’ s institution. A. S. wishes to thank the Norwegian Resource Council for the grant of computer time at the Sintef Supercomputer Center in Trondheim. I. C. wishes to thank the funding by COST-D3} 0004} 94actionforsupportofhisresearchandtheFacultyofScience’s Computer Centre at Comenius University for computer time. J. F. L. wishes to thank the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory of the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology for partial support of his research and for expeditingandencouraginghisinternationalscienti® cactivities.},
references={Porras, I., On terrorism: Reflections on violence and the outlaw (1994) After Identity: A Reader in Law and Culture, , D. Danielsen and K. Engle; Rees, W.E., “ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out (1992) Env’t & Urbanization, 4, pp. 121-130; Wackernagel, M., (1999) What We Use and What We Have: Ecological Footprint and Ecological Capacity, Center for Sustainability Studies, , Universidad Anahuac de Xalapa, Mexico; Belk, R.W., Ger, G., Askegaard, S., The fire of desire: A multisited inquiry into consumer passion (2003) Journal of Consumer Research, 30, pp. 326-351; Galbraith, J.K., (1998) The Affluent Society, 124p; Yapa, L., Improved seeds and constructed scarcity (1996) Richard Peet and Michael Watts, pp. 69-85. , (eds.), Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social Movements; Rist, G., (1997) The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith; Freud, S., (1929) Civilization and Its Discontents; Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., (2013) Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much; Cline, E.L., (2012) Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion; Steffen, W., A global perspective on the anthropocene (2011) Science, 334, pp. 34-35; Bedjaoui, M., (1979) Towards a New International Economic Order; Schrijver, N., (2008) The Evolution of Sustainable Development in International Law: Inception, , Meaning and Status; Pahuja, S., (2011) Decolonising International Law: Development, , Economic Growth and the Politics of Universality; Porras, I., Appropriating nature: Commerce, property and the commodification of nature in the law of nations (2014) Leiden Journal of International Law, 27 (3), pp. 641-660; Meadows, D.H., (1972) The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind; Daly, H.E., The steady-state economy (1993) Valuing the Earth: Economics, pp. 325-363. , Herman E. Daly and Kenneth N. Townsend (eds.), Ecology, Ethics; Alvarez, J., “international organizations: Then and now (2006) Am. J. Int’l L, 100, 324p; Charnovitz, S., Nongovernmental organizations and international law (2006) 100 Am. J. Int’l L; Porras, I., The city and international law: In pursuit of sustainable development (2009) Fordham Urb. L.J, 36, 537p; Viner, J., (1972) The Role of Divine Providence in the Social Order: An Essay in Intellectual History, 32p; Pahuja, S., (2011) Decolonising International Law: Development, Economic Growth and the Politics of Universality},
correspondence_address1={Porras, I.; University of Miami School of LawUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781107239357; 9781107047501},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Law and Its Discontents: Confronting Crises},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Woods2015249,
author={Woods, J.M.},
title={Global crisis and the law of war},
journal={International Law and Its Discontents: Confronting Crises},
year={2015},
pages={249-286},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781107239357.009},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953866114&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781107239357.009&partnerID=40&md5=21e18602bc72ba27a27aa9966fd879b8},
affiliation={Loyola University College of Law, New Orleans, United States},
abstract={INTRODUCTION The title of this collection invokes Sigmund Freud's celebrated critique of modernity and Joseph Stiglitz's contemporary reprise. The theme of discontent invites us to deconstruct discourses of power: Discourses of civilization, globalization, and international law. Our task is to probe the lacunae between the emancipatory promises of transformative new orders and their ultimate malaise; to expose the desertification that mocks distant shimmering oases; and to radically channel the discontent that surfaces when the paradigms inevitably fail to keep their immanent promises. Instead of human happiness, prosperity, justice, and peace, these universalist narratives produce their opposites: Misery, poverty, death. It is significant that Freud penned Civilization and its Discontents in the interwar years. The unprecedented savagery of the First World War informed his critical assessment of the fruits of modernity: Art, technology, order; the social contract, law, justice. Freud posits the goal of civilization as the subjugation of man's instinctual desire for aggression and self-destruction. This project is undermined, however, by its assumption of the right to employ violence to defend its achievements. Paradoxically, then, violence is both a hallmark of civilization and its most formidable obstacle. In Globalization and its Discontents, Joseph Stiglitz offers a tentative insider challenge to the neoliberal phase of the global expansion of capitalism. Stiglitz acknowledges that the hegemony of market fundamentalism has enriched elites at the center of the global economy while immiserating the masses on its periphery. Yet he maintains that globalization, if properly “managed,” has the potential to “enrich everyone in the world.” International law embodies similar paradoxes: The presumption of righteousness implicit in law; the brutal injustice inherent in universalist conceits. This chapter explores the intersection of three such universalist paradigms: Civilization, globalization, and the international law of war. As Foucault observed, dominant discourses from the sixteenth century onward posited “perpetual war” as the template of all social interaction. War constructed territorially defined states in Europe, carried them on a bloody mission to “civilize” the unknown world. © Barbara Stark 2015.},
references={Freud, S., (2010) Civilization and Its Discontents, , Martino Publishing Co., CT; Stiglitz, J., (2003) Globalization and Its Discontents, , Norton; Freud, S., Civilization and Its Discontents, 56p; Amin, S., (2004) The Liberal Virus: Permanent War and the Americanization of the World, 23p. , NY: Monthly Review Press; Anghie, A., Francisco de vitoria and the colonial origins of international law (2005) Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law, , Cambridge University Press; Strange, S., (2002) The Retreat of The State: The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance, , Cambridge University Press; Brown, S.R., (2009) Merchant Kings: When Companies Ruled the World, 1600–1900, , Thomas Dunn Books, NY; Williams, R., (1990) The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest, 15p; Neff, S.C., (2005) War and the Law of Nations: A General History, 38p. , Cambridge University Press; Russell, F.H., (1975) The Just War in the Middle Ages, 300p. , Cambridge University Press; Stiglitz, J.E., Blimes, L.J., (2008) The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of The Iraq Conflict, , W.W. Norton & Co; Mendlovitz, S., Datan, M., Judge weeramantrys grotian quest (1997) Transnational L & Contemporary Problems, 7, 402p; Orford, A., (2003) Reading Humanitarian Intervention, 188p. , Cambridge University Press; Glennon, M.J., The new intervention: The search for a just international law (1999) Foreign Affairs, 78, 2p; Woods, J.M., Donovan, J.M., Anticipatory self defense and other stories (2005) Kansas J of Law & Public Pol’y, 14, pp. 487-501},
correspondence_address1={Woods, J.M.; Loyola University College of LawUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781107239357; 9781107047501},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Law and Its Discontents: Confronting Crises},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Syrquin2015323,
author={Syrquin, M.},
title={Resources, industrial transformation and the structure of the world economy},
journal={Resources, Production and Structural Dynamics},
year={2015},
pages={323-345},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781139940948.019},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953744329&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781139940948.019&partnerID=40&md5=c4f62ffa4708d8aa31be02b27e1ca548},
affiliation={University of Miami, United States},
abstract={1. Introduction In the neglected Haynes Lectures of 1964 (published as Postwar Economic Growth: Four Lectures), Simon Kuznets summarized some of the emerging results of his monumental work on Modern Economic Growth (MEG) and used them to speculate on diversity, interdependence, war, conflict and cooperation among nations. It was an unusual Kuznets study – speculative rather than precise and quantitative. The tone and the approach clearly reflect the horrors of World War II and the palpable threats of oppression and aggression of communist totalitarianism. Modern Economic Growth, the epoch characterized by a widespread application of science-based technology to production dating back to the late eighteenth century, resulted in a sustained increase in income, population and productivity and in widespread structural changes. However, it was also the case that most of mankind had not yet tapped the potential of economic growth provided by modern technology – even though the per capita product of most was probably higher already than it had been in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. No one was more appreciative than Kuznets of the benefits brought about by MEG but he was also keenly aware of its potential for conflict and destruction. In these essays he appears cautiously pessimistic reflecting on the threat of communism to world peace and stability and on the limited spread of the process of Modern Economic Growth with the resulting increased divide among rich and poor nations. In this chapter I summarize some of Kuznets' arguments in his 1964 lectures and then update the analysis, taking into account the changes in the geopolitical environment over the past fifty years, primarily the end of the Cold War, the spread of globalization, and the rise of China and other Asian economies. In a final section I review various projections of expected changes in the global economy to 2050 and the main challenges such changes pose for conflict and cooperation. © Cambridge University Press 2015.},
references={Arthur, W.B., The Second Economy (2011) McKinsey Quarterly, , www.mckinseyquarterly.com/The_second_economy_2853, October; Athulorala, P., (2011) South-South Trade: An Asian Perspective, , ADB Economics Working Paper Series, 265, July; Beattie, A., When is a Bric not a Bric? When it's a Victim (2011) Financial Times, , 22 January; Boltho, A., China; Can Rapid Economic Growth Continue? (2004) Singapore Economic Review, 49, pp. 255-272; Brynjolfsson, E., McAfee, A., (2011) Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, , Digital Frontier Press, Kindle edn; Buiter, W., Rahbari, E., Global Growth Generators: Moving beyond Emerging Markets and BRIC (2011) Global Economics View, , www.econ.uzh.ch/faculty/groupzilibotti/Conferences/2011Nov21Demo/E_Rahbari.pdf, 21 Feb. 2011, Citi Investment Research & Analysis; Chenery, H.B., Transitional Growth and World Industrialization (1977) The International Allocation of Economic Activity: Proceedings of a Nobel Symposium, pp. 457-490. , B. Ohlin, P. Hesselborn and P. Wijkman (eds.); Cooper, R.N., (2003) The Breaking of Nations: Order and Chaos in the Twenty-First Century, , Atlantic Monthly; Cooper, R.N., Whither China? (2005) Japan Center for Economic Research Bulletin, pp. 1-11. , September; Cowen, T., (2011) The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All The Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better, , eBook; De Benedictis, L., Tajoli, L., The World Trade Network (2011) The World Economy, 34, pp. 1417-1454; Drezner, D.W., (2007) All Politics Is Global: Explaining International Regulatory Regimes, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), (2010) Democracy Index 2010: Democracy in Retreat, , http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf; Fischer, S., The New Global Economic Geography (2006) The New Economic Geography: Effects and Policy Implications, pp. 177-194. , Kansas City: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City; Fogel, R.W., Reconsidering Expectations of Economic Growth After World War II from the Perspective of 2004 (2005) IMF Staff Papers, 52, pp. 6-14; Fogel, R.W., Capitalism & Democracy in 2040 (2007) Daedalus, 136, pp. 87-95. , Summer; Foley, J.A., Solutions for a Cultivated Planet (2011) Nature, 478, pp. 337-342. , 20 October; Goldsmith, J.L., Posner, E.A., (2005) The Limits of International Law, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hanson, R., Economics of the Singularity (2008) IEEE Spectrum, pp. 37-42. , June; Huntington, S.P., TheU.S.: Decline or Renewal? (1988) Foreign Affairs, 6 (2), pp. 76-96; Internation Monetary Fund (IMF), Changing Patterns of Global Trade (2011) Strategy, Policy, and Review Department, , 15 June; Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), (2009) Honoring the Past, Building the Future: Fifty Years of Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, , Washington, DC; Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), (2011) One Region, Two Speeds?: Challenges of the New Global Economic Order for Latin America and the Caribbean, , A. Izquierdo and E. Talvi Coordinators, Washington, DC; Kindleberger, C.P., (1996) World Economic Primacy: 1500-1990, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Krasner, S.D., State Power and the Structure of International Trade World Politics (1976) World Politics, 28, pp. 317-347; Kuznets, S., (1964) Postwar Economic Growth, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Linder, S., (1961) An Essay on Trade and Transformation, , New York: Wiley; (2008) Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, , www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_2025_project.html, Washington DC; National Science Board, (2010) Science and Engineering Indicators 2010, , Arlington, Virg.: National Science Foundation (NSB 10-01); Nordhaus, W.D., Quality Change in Price Indexes (1998) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12 (1), pp. 59-68; OECD, (2011) Education at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2011-en, OECD Publishing; (2011) World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, , http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm, Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, 29 November; PwC, (2011) The World in 2050: The Accelerating Shift of Global Economic Power: Challenges and Opportunities, , www.pwc.co.uk/economics, PwC economics; Quadrio Curzio, A., Fortis, M., Growth and Productive Structure. A Medium-Term Perspective (1996) Resources and Population. Natural, Institutional, and Demographic Dimensions of Development, pp. 137-156. , B. Colombo, P. Demeny and M.F. Perutz (eds.), Study Week on Resources and Population, 17-22 November 1991, Oxford: Clarendon Press-Pontificia Academia Scientiarum; Quadrio Curzio, A., The EU 27 Integration and the Economic Relationship with the East. An introductory analysis (2008) The EU and the Economies of the Eastern European Enlargement, pp. 1-25. , A. Quadrio Curzio e M. Fortis (eds.), Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag; Rogoff, K., Who's Dependent Now? (2005) Project Syndicate, , www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/rogoff10/English; Rogoff, K., China May Yet be the Economy to Lose Sleep Over (2008) Financial Times, 9p. , 5 February; Spence, M., Globalization and Unemployment: The Downside of Integrating Markets (2011) Foreign Affairs, 90 (4), pp. 28-41; Syrquin, M., Globalization: Too Much or is it too Little? (2005) Economia Politica, 22 (1), pp. 25-42; Syrquin, M., Too Much Globalization or Is It Rather too Little? (2005) Increasing Complexity in International Relations: Economy, Politics and Values, , A. Cassetta (ed.), The Leading Scholars' Program 2004, ASEI, Milan: Catholic University; Syrquin, M., 27 Countries in Search of a Project: A Skeptical View from Outside Europe (2010) Economia Politica, 27 (3), pp. 389-393; Syrquin, M., (2012) Changes in the Economic Structure of the World Economy, , www.icer.it/docs/wp2012/ICERwp03-12.pdf, Working Paper No. 3/2012, Turin: ICER; Taylor, T., Longer Global Supply Chains (2011) The Conversable Economist, , http://conversableeconomist.blogspot.com/2011/08/longer-global-supply-chains.html, Blog post, 19 August; Tellis, A.J., Bially, J.L., Layne, C., McPherson, M., Sollinger, J.M., (2000) Measuring National Power in the Postindustrial Age, , www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1110.html#toc, RAND Corporation; U.S. Energy Information Administration, (2010) International Energy Outlook 2010, , www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo; Viner, J., Power Versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (1948) World Politics, 1, pp. 1-29; Wolf, M., Response to Kenneth Rogoff's "China may yet be the economy to lose sleep over" (2008) Financial Times, 9p. , 5 February; Wolf, M., (2010) Fixing Global Finance, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; World Bank, (2010) World Economic Outlook, , www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/#ch1fig, April, Washington, DC; World Bank, (2011) Global Economic Prospects: Navigating strong Currents, , January, Washington, DC; World Trade Organization (WTO), (2010) International Trade Statistics 2010, , Geneva},
correspondence_address1={Syrquin, M.; University of MiamiUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139940948; 9781107079090},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Resources, Production and Structural Dynamics},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Biggs20151,
author={Biggs, R. and Schlüter, M. and Schoon, M.L.},
title={An introduction to the resilience approach and principles to sustain ecosystem services in social–ecological systems},
journal={Principles for Building Resilience: Sustaining Ecosystem Services in Social-Ecological Systems},
year={2015},
pages={1-31},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781316014240.002},
note={cited By 258},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953247380&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781316014240.002&partnerID=40&md5=521a9c5037d07c9bff2fe67d52b9b39f},
affiliation={Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, JamesCookUniversity, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Scientific Services, SouthAfrican National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States},
abstract={A major challenge of the twenty-first century is ensuring an adequate and reliable flow of essential ecosystemservices tomeet the needs of the world's burgeoning and increasinglywealthy population.This challenge needs to be addressed in the face of rapidly changing social, technological and environmental conditions that characterize the world today. Social–ecological resilience is one fast-growing approach that attempts to inform this challenge and provide practical guidance to decisionmakers and practitioners. The resilience approach views humans as part of the biosphere, and assumes that the resulting intertwined social–ecological systems behave as complex adaptive systems – i.e. they have the capacity to self-organize and adapt based on past experience, and are characterized by emergent and non-linear behaviour and inherent uncertainty. A rapidly growing body of research on resilience in social–ecological systems has proposed a variety of attributes that are important for enhancing resilience. This book aims to critically assess and synthesize this literature. In this chapter we introduce the resilience approach and the process by which we identified seven generic principles for enhancing the capacity of social–ecological systems to produce desired sets of ecosystem services in the face of disturbance and change. We live in an era of rapid and unprecedented change. The past century has seen the mass production and adoption of motor cars and telephones, a 15-fold increase in the global economy, large-scale conversion of land to agriculture and an increase in the global population from 1.6 billion people in 1900 to over 7 billion in 2011 (MA 2005a; Steffen et al. 2007) (Fig. 1.1). Despite ongoing challenges with addressing poverty, these rapid changes have brought huge benefits and dramatic improvements to many people's lives, particularly since the end of the Second World War in 1945 (MA 2005a; Steffen et al. 2007). Tellingly, for most of human history the average life expectancy was 20-30 years, reflecting the combined effects of poor nutrition, disease and warfare, especially on infant survival (Lancaster 1990). © Cambridge University Press 2015.},
keywords={Air navigation;  Aluminum alloys;  Ecology;  Military operations, Average life expectancy;  Complex adaptive systems;  Ecological systems;  Ecosystem services;  Environmental conditions;  Nonlinear behaviours;  Practical guidance;  Scale conversions, Ecosystems},
references={Adger, W.N., Eakin, H., Winkels, A., Nested and teleconnected vulnerabilities to environmental change (2009) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, pp. 150-157; Anderies, J.M., Walker, B.H., Kinzig, A.P., Fifteen weddings and a funeral: Case studies and resilience-based management (2006) Ecology and Society, 11, p. 21; Armitage, D., Berkes, F., Doubleday, N., (2007) Adaptive Co-Management: Collaboration, Learning, and Multi-Level Governance, , Vancouver: UBC Press; Barnosky, A.D., Hadly, E.A., Bascompte, J., Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere (2012) Nature, 486, pp. 52-58; Beilin, R., Lindborg, R., Stenseke, M., Analysing how drivers of agricultural land abandonment affect biodiversity and cultural landscapes using case studies from Scandinavia, Iberia and Oceania (2014) Land Use Policy, 36, pp. 60-72; Berkes, F., Folke, C., (1998) Linking Social and Ecological Systems, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Berkes, F., Colding, J., Folke, C., (2003) Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Berkes, F., Hughes, T.P., Steneck, R.S., Globalization, roving bandits, and marine resources (2006) Science, 311, pp. 1557-1558; Biggs, D., Biggs, R., Dakos, V., Scholes, R.J., Schoon, M.L., Are we entering an era of concatenated global crises? (2011) Ecology and Society, 14, p. 32; Biggs, R., Blenckner, T., Folke, C., Regime shifts (2012) Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology, , Hastings, A. and Gross, L., eds. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Biggs, D., Towards principles for enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services (2012) Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, pp. 421-448; Bodin, Ö., Prell, C., (2011) Social Networks and Natural Resource Management: Uncovering the Social Fabric of Environmental Governance, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Bolund, P., Hunhammar, S., Ecosystem services in urban areas (1999) Ecological Economics, 29, pp. 293-301; Bond, M.T., Seiler, V.L., Seiler, M.J., Residential real estate prices: A room with a view (2002) Journal of Real Estate Research, 23, pp. 129-138; Boyd, E., Folke, C., (2011) Adapting Institutions: Governance, Complexity and Social-Ecological Resilience, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Carpenter, S.R., Walker, B.H., Anderies, J.M., Abel, N., From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what? (2001) Ecosystems, 4, pp. 765-781; Carpenter, S.R., (2003) Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems: Pattern and Variation, , Oldendorf/Luhe: International Ecology Institute; Chapin, F.S., Kofinas, G.P., Folke, C., (2009) Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship: Resilience-Based Natural Resource Management in a Changing World, , New York, NY: Springer; CIA, (2013) The World Factbook 2013-14, , Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency; Clark, W.C., Dickson, N.M., Sustainability science: The emerging research program (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 100, pp. 8059-8061; Crutzen, P.J., Stoermer, E.F., The ‘Anthropocene’ (2000) Global Change News Letter, 41, pp. 17-18; Cumming, G.S., (2011) Spatial Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems, , Heidelberg: Springer; de Groot, R.S., Ramakrishnan, P.S., van de Berg, A., Cultural and amenity services (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends, , Hassan, R., Scholes, R. J., Ash, N., eds. 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publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781316014240; 9781107082656},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Principles for build. Resil.: Sustaining Ecosyst. Services in Social-Ecological Systems},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Radhakrishnan20159304,
author={Radhakrishnan, M. and Sudha, S.},
title={Analysis of employability skills of undergraduate engineering students in view of employers perspectives},
journal={ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
year={2015},
volume={10},
number={20},
pages={9304-9308},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947764634&partnerID=40&md5=dae8874b9f37debae6baa1d725e96092},
affiliation={Sathyabama University, Chennai, India; St Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India},
abstract={The employability issue is most demanded one in this world. In one corner employers are demanding the right skills to meet the ever-changing needs of today's global economy and this has become something of a war city. In the other corner is the learning and skills sector, which is working hard to help develop a better skilled workforce. The Objective of this research was to develop a clearer understanding of the skills employers expect from young people coming into the workforce to hold. Unemployment among 18-24 years old remains a key issue. The researcher wants to come out in this study about the employers' expectations from the young people coming into the workforce. The researcher has analyzed about the employers demand for a better skilled workforce. © 2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).},
author_keywords={Employability;  Unemployment;  Workforce},
references={Mc Laughlin, M., (1992) Employability skills profile: What are employers looking for?, , Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada; Bloom, M., (1994) Enhancing employability skills: Innovative partnerships, Projects and programs, , Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada; Evers Frederick, T., Rush James, C., Berdrow, I., (1998) The Bases of Competence, , Skills for lifelong learning and employability; Andrews, J., Higson, H., (2008) Graduate employability, soft skills versus, hard skills business knowledge: A European study, 33 (4)},
correspondence_address1={Radhakrishnan, M.; Sathyabama UniversityIndia; email: Radhakrishnanm.phd@gmail.com},
publisher={Asian Research Publishing Network},
issn={18196608},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2015700,
author={Fischer, A.M.},
title={The end of peripheries? On the enduring relevance of structuralism for understanding contemporary global development},
journal={Development and Change},
year={2015},
volume={46},
number={4},
pages={700-732},
doi={10.1111/dech.12180},
note={cited By 53},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943223674&doi=10.1111%2fdech.12180&partnerID=40&md5=9cf430494f35c07dc1a57b7618962d00},
affiliation={International Institute of Social Sciences (ISS), The Hague, Netherlands},
abstract={Despite repeated chronicles of a death foretold, centre-periphery analysis remains very relevant for understanding the challenges of contemporary development. It reveals certain common asymmetries and constraints that structure the integration, lagging and subordination of the global South in the current world order through ongoing technological, industrial and financial dissemination. The precise forms of lagging and subordination have changed over time and context, in symbiosis with changes in the overall capitalist system, although the systemic principles remain pertinent. These can be evaluated according to three propositions: technological lagging; declining terms of trade; and pro-cyclical macroeconomic adjustment in the peripheries. Accordingly, global imbalances are better understood as an evolution of US-centred hegemony and the subordinated accommodation of 'rising powers' including China, rather than a weakening and rebalancing of US power vis-a-vis these 'rising powers', as per conventional interpretations. The possibility that we might be witnessing a reinvigoration of US hegemony - for a second time in the post-war era - is one that needs to be taken seriously, particularly if this becomes associated with a deepening of imperialism rather than emancipation.},
keywords={capitalism;  economic development;  global economy;  international trade;  macroeconomics, United States},
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Military Procurement and Technology Development, , New York: Oxford University Press; Wade, R.H., 'From Global Imbalances to Global Reorganisations' (2009) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33, pp. 539-562; Wade, R.H., 'The Mystery ofUSIndustrial Policy: TheDevelopmental State in Disguise' (2014) Transforming Economies: Making Industrial Policies Work for Growth, pp. 379-400. , J.M. Salazar-Xirinachs and R. Kozul Wright (eds) Jobs and Development Geneva: ILOUNCTAD; Wade, R.H., '"Market versus State" or "Market with State": How to Impart Directional Thrust' (2014) Development and Change, 45 (4), pp. 777-798; Wang, C., 'The Party and its Success Story: A Response to "Two Revolutions"' (2015) New Left Review, 91, pp. 5-37. , January/February; Watts, J., (2007) 'China Fears Brain Drain as its Overseas Students Stay Put', , The Guardian 2 June; Yang, W., (2013) 'More Students Back from Abroad', , China Daily USA 11 May; Yao, S., 'Why Are Chinese Exports Not So Special' (2009) China and World Economy, 17 (1), pp. 47-65; Yu, Y., 'Global Imbalances and China' (2006) The Australian Economic Review, 40 (1), pp. 1-21; Yu, Y., 'Rebalancing the Chinese Economy' (2013) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28 (3), pp. 551-568; Zheng, Y., Yi, J., 'China's Rapid Accumulation of Foreign Exchange Reserves and Its Policy Implications' (2007) China and World Economy, 15 (1), pp. 14-25; Zheng, Z., Zhao, Y., (2002) 'China's Terms of Trade in Manufactures', , UNCTAD Discussion Paper No. 161. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development},
correspondence_address1={Fischer, A.M.; International Institute of Social Sciences (ISS)Netherlands},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={0012155X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dev. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Freeman2015153,
author={Freeman, R.B.},
title={Immigration, international collaboration, and innovation: Science and technology policy in the global economy},
journal={Innovation Policy and the Economy},
year={2015},
volume={15},
number={1},
pages={153-175},
doi={10.1086/680062},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930513753&doi=10.1086%2f680062&partnerID=40&md5=1556d9f942f52cfedaff398cc8a4ac31},
affiliation={Harvard and NBER, United States},
abstract={Globalization of scientific and technological knowledge has reduced the US share of world scientific activity, increased the foreign-born proportion of scientists and engineers in US universities and in the US labor market, and led to greater US scientific collaborations with other countries. China’s massive investments in university education and research and development (R&D) have, in particular, made it a special partner for the United States in scientific work. These developments have substantial implications for US science and technology policy. This paper suggests that aligning immigration policies more closely to the influx of international students, granting fellowships to students working on turning scientific and technological advances into commercial innovations, and requiring firms with R&D tax credits or other government R&D funding develop “impact plans” to use their new knowledge to produce innovative products or processes in the United States could help the country adjust to the changing global world of science and technology.Globalization of knowledge, knowledge creation, and innovation has widened the framework for assessing the economic effects of science and technology (S&T) policies. As an advanced country at the frontier of knowledge, the United States relies on investments in science and technology to improve economic performance and maintain comparative advantage in the high-tech industries that employ highly educated workers. Expansion of tertiary education, increases in research and development spending, and the manufacturing and assembly of high-tech products in low-income countries as well as in other advanced countries challenges the US position at the knowledge frontier.1 This makes S&T policies more important in determining economic outcomes than in earlier post–World War II decades when the United States naturally dominated the production and application of knowledge to the economy.This paper analyzes the globalization of science and engineering and knowledge production in the twenty-first century and its implications for US science and technology policies.Section I documents the spread of advanced knowledge and knowledge creation around the world in terms of its impact on the US share of the world’s science and engineering activity. It stresses that the rapid catch-up in knowledge-creating activities and production in low-wage developing countries, most notably China, constitutes a major challenge for the United States. The catch-up undermines the “North-South” model of trade that posited that advanced countries inevitably have comparative advantage in the production of high value-added innovations.2Section II shows that the catch-up has “globalized” science and engineering within the United States by increasing the foreign-born share of science and engineering graduate students and postdocs in US universities and the foreign-born share of the US’s science and engineering workforce, and by spurring international collaborations in knowledge production and innovation, thereby speeding knowledge creation and the spread of new knowledge worldwide.Section III examines possible changes in US policies regarding international students, postdoctoral workers and science and engineering (S&E) immigrants, and regarding the link between technology-based innovations and production. It argues that globalization of knowledge makes S&T policies the “industrial policy” of the twenty-first century, with implications for economic performance broadly. To maximize the benefits of the globalization of knowledge requires the United States to balance investments that expand the stock of global knowledge and policies that localize a share of the gains in the domestic economy. © 2015 by the National Bureau of Economic Research. All rights reserved.},
references={Adams, J., Collaborations: The Fourth Age of Research (2013) Nature, 497 (7451), pp. 557-560; Adams, J.D., Black, G.C., Clemmons, J.R., Stephan, P.E., Scientific Teams and Institutional Collaborations: Evidence from US Universities, 1981–1999 (2005) Research Policy, 34 (3), pp. 259-285; Barrantes, B.S.L., Bote, V.P.G., Rodríguez, Z.C., De Moya Anegón, F., Citation Flows in the Zones of Influence of Scientific Collaborations (2012) Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63 (3), pp. 481-489; Beaver, D.D., Does collaborative research have greater epistemic authority? (2004) Scientometrics, 60 (3), pp. 399-408. , 01; Borjas, G., (2006) Immigration in High-Skill Labor Markets: The Impact of Foreign Students on The Earnings of Doctorates, , Working Paper no. 12085, NBER, Cambridge, MA; Bradisher, K., (2010) China Drawing High-Tech Research from US, , http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/18/business/global/18research.html?_r=0, New York Times, March 17; De Grip, A., Fouarge, D., Sauermann, J., (2008) What Affects International Migration of European Science and Engineering Graduates?, , Research Memoranda 006, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Dreher, A., Poutvaara, P., (2005) Student Flows and Migration: An Empirical Analysis, , IZA Discussion Paper no. 1612, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn; Finn, M., (2012) Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities, 2009, , https://orise.orau.gov/science-education/difference/stay-rates-impact.aspx, Science Education Programs Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Freeman, R., (2006) Investing in the Best and Brightest: Increased Fellowship Support for American Scientists and Engineers, , http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/Investing_in_the_Best_and_Brightest-_Increased_Fellowship_Support_for_American_Scientists_and_Engineers.pdf, Discussion Paper, Hamilton Project; Freeman, R., What Does Global Expansion of Higher Education Mean for the United States? (2010) American Universities in a Global Market, , edited by Charles Clotfelter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Freeman, R., Chang, T., Chiang, H., Supporting the Best and Brightest in Science and Engineering: NSF Graduate Research Fellowships (2009) Science and Engineering Careers in the United States, , edited by Richard B. Freeman and Daniel Goroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Freeman, R.B., Huang, W., (2014) Collaborating with People like Me: Ethnic Coauthorship within the US, , NBER Working Paper no. 19905, Cambridge, MA; Freeman, R.B., Huang, W., (2014) “Research Collaborations between Chinese and US Scientists and Engineers, , A New Special Relationship?” Working Paper, American Economic Association; Freeman, R.B., Ganguli, I., Murciano-Goroff, R., (2014) Why and Wherefore of Increased Scientific Collaboration, , NBER Working Paper no. 19819, Cambridge, MA; Gomory, R., Baumol, W., (2000) Global Trade and Conflicting National Interests, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Bote, G., Vicente, P., Olmeda-Gómez, C., De Moya-Anegón, F., Quantifying the Benefits of International Scientific Collaboration (2013) Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64 (2), pp. 392-404; Hsu, J.W., Huang, D.W., Correlation between Impact and Collaboration (2011) Scientometrics, 86 (2), pp. 317-324; Jones, B.F., Wuchty, S., Uzzi, B., Multi-University Research Teams: Shifting Impact, Geography, and Stratification in Science (2008) Science, 322 (5905), pp. 1259-1262; Kahn, S., Macgarvie, M., The Effects of the Foreign Fulbright Program on Knowledge Creation in Science and Engineering (2012) The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited, , edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Katz, J.S., Hicks, D., How Much Is a Collaboration Worth? A Calibrated Bibliometric Model (1997) Scientometrics, 40 (3), pp. 541-554; (2013) Innovated in China: New Frontier for Global R&D, , http://www.kpmg.com/CN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Newsletters/China-360/Pages/China-360-Issue11-201308-new-frontier-for-global-R-and-D.aspx, China 360 , Issue 11, 31 August; Krugman, P., A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer, and the World Distribution of Income (1979) Journal of Political Economy, 87, pp. 253-266; Lawani, S.M., Some Bibliometric Correlates of Quality In Scientific Research (1986) Scientometrics, 9 (1-2), pp. 13-25; Lee, K., Brownstein, J.S., Mills, R.G., Kohane, I.S., Does Collocation Inform the Impact of Collaboration? (2010) Plos ONE, 5 (12); Li, H., Higher Education in China: Complement or Competition to US Universities? (2010) American Universities in a Global Market, , edited by Charles Clotfelter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; (1982) Science and Engineering Indicators 1982, , Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation; (1987) Science and Engineering Indicators 1987, , Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation; (2002) Science and Engineering Indicators 2002, , Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, 2002 (NSB-02-1); (2008) Science and Engineering Indicators 2008, , Two volumes. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, 2008 (volume 1, NSB 08-01; volume 2, NSB 08-01A); (2014) Science and Engineering Indicators 2014, , Arlington VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 14-01); (2013) Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2011 Detailed Statistical Tables, , http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf13331/pdf/nsf13331.pdf, NSF 13-331, September table 34; (2013) Education at a Glance 2013, , http://www.oecd.org/edu/Mexico_EAG2013%20Country%20Note.pdf, Country Notes, Mexico; Oosterbeek, H., Webbink, D., (2009) Does Studying Abroad Induce a Brain Drain?, , Economica, December:1–20; Parey, M., Waldinger, F., (2008) Studying Abroad and the Effect of International Labor Market Mobility: Evidence from the Introduction of ERASMUS, , IZA Discussion Paper no. 3430, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn; Quan, B., Worlds Most Advanced Solar R&D Center.” (2009) Applied Materials Blog, , http://blog.appliedmaterials.com/worlds-most-advanced-solar-rd-center, October 26; Ruffin, R.J., Jones, R.W., International Technology Transfer: Who Gains and Who Loses? (2007) Review of International Economics, 15, pp. 209-222; Ruiz, N., (2013) Immigration Facts on Foreign Students, , http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/2013/facts-on-foreign-students, Brookings Institution; Wuchty, S., Jones, B.F., Uzzi, B., The Increasing Dominance of Teams in Production of Knowledge (2007) Science, 316 (5827), pp. 1036-1039},
correspondence_address1={Freeman, R.B.; Harvard and NBERUnited States},
publisher={University of Chicago Press},
issn={15313468},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Innov. Policy Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pula201543,
author={Pula, F.},
title={Business orientated to women and her impact on economy (Case Kosovo)},
journal={Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences},
year={2015},
volume={6},
number={3},
pages={43-50},
doi={10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p43},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928896310&doi=10.5901%2fmjss.2015.v6n3s1p43&partnerID=40&md5=eca19f386512dabb2a4e9a6fb03ee677},
affiliation={European University of Tirana, Albania},
abstract={Women, 60 years earlier demanded their basic rights, employment rights, education and equal right with men in society - especially, their rights in their family. Nowadays, women lend a hand to the world with combination of huge sacrifice, hard work and vision. Their skills are performed in high performance and education gained brought them into a position of power and influence in business, political participation and influence in society. As we can see, a woman in the world today plays crucial part in society as well in economic development. Why has the expansion of women’s economic, education and political rights coincided with economic development in one society? A radical change is taking place in the world, which includes the changes in relation to their work places, their homes, markets, and peaceful struggle for influence women greater participation in politic as well as in society. Women, today earn a lots of money from her work and those money they spend on products that they wish facilitate her life. It is also well known that women saves her money and also have the knowledge to invest them in correct way. Today, one billion women participate in the global job - this number will going to grow to 1.2 billion over the five next years. It’s already the time to understand that “The Economy which will be oriented to women will have a big impact on the global economy ”. After the war (1999), political developments, have naturally given their own impact on social and in economic development of Kosovo. The work on this article is doing by used all data concerning for the impact of Kosova’s women in society but also in the economy, have seen under perspective of increasing its role in society and in the economy. The analysis show also their leadership role in public and private sector as well, convinced that if a women empower economically the society will develops economically too and we are trying to understand themselves and the perception of women in this process and their commitment. As the primary data for preparation of this article we were conducted using questionnaires from 35 Kosovo’s women from urban and rural areas that have made to understand us, their role in economic development. And as a secondary data were used published reports by relevant Kosovo Institutions and books by different authors. © 2015 Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Business;  Consumer;  Economy;  Market;  Power;  Women},
references={Barletta, M., Marketing to Women; Silverstein, M.J., Sayre, K., (2009) Women Want MORE; (2014), Report Women in Kosovo’s Economy,Hope Fellowships, Economy Committee; European Commission Liaison Office. Research and Monitoring the Implementation of the Law on Gender Equality; (2013), Government of Kosovo. Kosovo Action Plan for the empowerment of women from 2011 to},
correspondence_address1={Pula, F.; European University of TiranaAlbania},
publisher={Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research},
issn={20399340},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mediterranean J. Soc. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hossein-Zadeh2015146,
author={Hossein-Zadeh, I.},
title={WW III: More interclass than international},
journal={Perspectives on Global Development and Technology},
year={2015},
volume={14},
number={1-2},
pages={146-157},
doi={10.1163/15691497-12341337},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924025858&doi=10.1163%2f15691497-12341337&partnerID=40&md5=233e68f8a2748578f3194a37d8682d2c},
affiliation={Drake University, United States},
abstract={Most pundits of historical developments tend to perceive another worldwide war, often called ww iii, in a manner similar to World Wars I and ii; that is, large-scale deployment of military means in pursuit of destruction and/or defeat of international adversaries. While prospects of such an ominous scenario certainly cannot be ruled out, there is reason to believe, however, that the much talked-about ww iii may be of a different form: more inter-class than international. Viewed in this light, ww iii is already here; it has indeed been raging on for years: the unilateral, cross-border neoliberal war of austerity on the 99 percent on a global level. © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.},
author_keywords={"color-coded" revolutions;  "democratic" coup d'états;  "soft-power" interventions;  1 percent vs. 99 percent;  austerity economics;  brics;  Controlled/manageable wars;  economic sanctions;  financial oligarchy;  financialization;  Iran;  Iraq;  Libya;  manufactured civil wars;  neoliberalism;  Syria;  Ukraine},
keywords={civil war;  financial market;  global economy;  international relations;  neoliberalism;  sanction;  war, Brazil;  China;  India;  Iran;  Iraq;  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya;  Russian Federation;  South Africa;  Syrian Arab Republic;  Ukraine},
references={Mercier, G., (2014) Ukraine's Crisis: Economic Sanctions Could Trigger A Global Depression, , http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/03/28/ukraines-crisis/, Counter Punch, March 28. Retrieved August 16, 2014; Solomon, J., Lee, C.E., (2013) U.s.-Iran Thaw Grew from Years of Behind-the-Scenes Talks, , http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303309504579181710805094376, The Wall Street Journal, November 7. Retrieved August 10, 2014},
correspondence_address1={Hossein-Zadeh, I.; Drake UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={15691500},
coden={PGDTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Perspect. Global Dev.Technol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{vonSoest201517,
author={von Soest, C. and Wahman, M.},
title={Not all dictators are equal: Coups, fraudulent elections, and the selective targeting of democratic sanctions},
journal={Journal of Peace Research},
year={2015},
volume={52},
number={1},
pages={17-31},
doi={10.1177/0022343314551081},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921056774&doi=10.1177%2f0022343314551081&partnerID=40&md5=1f2e41dec191d6d3a8d25bf5c331ef94},
affiliation={GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, United States; Department of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom},
abstract={Since the end of the Cold War, Western powers have frequently used sanctions to fight declining levels of democracy and human rights violations abroad. However, some of the world’s most repressive autocracies have never been subjected to sanctions, while other more competitive authoritarian regimes have been exposed to repeated sanction episodes. In this article, we concentrate on the cost–benefit analysis of Western senders that issue democratic sanctions, those which aim to instigate democratization, against authoritarian states. We argue that Western leaders weight domestic and international pressure to impose sanctions against the probability of sanction success and the sender’s own political and economic costs. Their cost–benefit calculus is fundamentally influenced by the strength of trigger events indicating infringements of democratic and human rights. Western sanction senders are most likely to respond to coups d’état, the most drastic trigger events, and tend to sanction vulnerable targets to a higher extent than stable authoritarian regimes. Senders are also more likely to sanction poor targets less integrated in the global economy and countries that do not align with the Western international political agenda, especially in responding to ‘weaker’ trigger events such as controversial elections. The analysis is carried out using a new dataset of US and EU sanctions against authoritarian states in the period 1990–2010. © The Author(s) 2014.},
author_keywords={authoritarian regimes;  coup d’état;  fraudulent elections;  imposition;  sanctions;  trigger events;  vulnerability},
funding_details={Fritz Thyssen StiftungFritz Thyssen Stiftung, 10.11.1.155},
funding_text 1={The authors contributed equally to this article which is a product of the GIGA research project ‘Ineffective Sanctions? External Sanctions and the Persistence of Autocratic Regimes’, funded by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation (grant number: 10.11.1.155). An earlier version of the article was presented at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA), Chicago, 29 August – 1 September. The authors would like to thank Jana Bischler and Sinja Hantscher for their excellent research assistance. We are also indebted to Matthias Basedau, Jason Brownlee, Cooper Drury, Julia Grauvogel, Felix Haaß, Nikolay Marinov, Nicholas Miller, Clifton Morgan, Jan Pierskalla, and Peter Trubowitz as well as the anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor, Margit Bussmann, for their invaluable comments.},
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Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Kaempfer William, H., Lowenberg Anton, D., (1992) International Economic Sanctions: A Public Choice Perspective, , Boulder, CO Westview; Kelley, J., Election observers and their biases (2010) Journal of Democracy, 21 (3), pp. 158-172; King, G., Zeng, L., Logistic regression in rare events data (2001) Political Analysis, 9 (2), pp. 137-163; Laakso, L., Kivimäki, T., Seppänen, M., (2007) Evaluation of Coordination and Coherence in the Application of Article 96 of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement, , ,,. Amsterdam Aksant; Lacy, D., Niou Emerson, M.S., A theory of economic sanctions and issue linkage: The roles of preferences, information, and threats (2004) Journal of Politics, 66 (1), pp. 25-42; Lektzian, D., Biglaiser, G., Investment, opportunity, and risk: Do US sanctions deter or encourage global investment? (2013) International Studies Quarterly, 57 (1), pp. 65-78; Lektzian, D., Biglaiser, G., The effect of foreign direct investment on the use and success of US sanctions (2014) Conflict Management and Peace Science, 31 (1), pp. 70-93; Lektzian, D., Souva, M., An institutional theory of sanctions onset and success (2007) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51 (6), pp. 848-871; Levitsky, S., Way Lucan, A., (2010) Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War, , Cambridge Cambridge University Press; Long, J.S., Freese, J., (2006) Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata, , 2006) Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata, 2nd edn. College Station, TX: Stata.College Station, TX Stata; Major, S., Timing is everything: Economic sanctions, regime type, and domestic instability (2012) International Interactions, 38 (1), pp. 79-110; Marinov, N., Do economic sanctions destabilize country leaders? 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The effect of economic sanctions on human rights (2009) Journal of Peace Research, 46 (1); Peksen, D., Cooper Drury, A., Coercive or corrosive: The negative impact of economic sanctions on democracy (2010) International Interactions, 36 (3), pp. 240-264; Pevehouse Jon, C., (2005) Democracy From Above: Regional Organizations and Democratization, , Cambridge/New York Cambridge University Press; Pevehouse Jon, C., Nordstrom, T., Warnke, K., The Correlates of War 2 International Governmental Organizations Data version 2.0 (2004) Conflict Management and Peace Science, 21 (2), pp. 101-119; von Portela, C.S.C., (2012) GIGA Sanctions Dataset Codebook version 18 June 2012, , http://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/team/soest, Hamburg: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies; Powell Jonathan, M., Thyne Clayton, L., Global instances of coups from 1950 to 2010: A new dataset (2011) Journal of Peace Research, 48 (2), pp. 249-259; Risse, T., Ropp Stephen, C., Sikkink, K., (2013) The Persistent Power of Human Rights: From Commitment to Compliance, , ,,. 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correspondence_address1={von Soest, C.; GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard UniversityUnited States},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={00223433},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Peace Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ferme2014375,
author={Ferme, M.C. and Schmitz, C.M.},
title={Writings on the wall: Chinese material traces in an African landscape},
journal={Journal of Material Culture},
year={2014},
volume={19},
number={4},
pages={375-399},
doi={10.1177/1359183514551118},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911937534&doi=10.1177%2f1359183514551118&partnerID=40&md5=ef80df5eaefd448d96dc6c9a991e3eb0},
affiliation={University of California, Berkeley, United States},
abstract={Much current scholarship on ‘Chinese–African relations’ focuses on the monumental projects, the built walls, which are visibly transforming African landscapes, and on the increasing Chinese physical presence on the continent. Instead, this article argues that a focus on the material traces of consumer goods circulating in colonial and post-colonial markets, and in expert knowledge that shaped bodily practices, domestic habits, and rural landscapes over time, yields a more nuanced picture of Chinese–African entanglements. We examine elements of “Chineseness” that inform Sierra Leonean ways of dwelling – particularly of farming rice, and of intervening therapeutically on bodies – but often through intermediaries whose imprints mask Asian origins. Contemporary China-Africa friendship rhetoric stresses bilateralism and palimpsestic reinscriptions of earlier relations, but belies a history in which multiple Chinas struggled for global recognition through partnerships with African countries that articulated with colonial mediations and Cold War alliances. © The Author(s) 2014.},
author_keywords={China–Sierra Leone representations;  consumption;  material traces;  rural landscapes;  therapeutic practices},
keywords={bilateral agreement;  consumption behavior;  economic relations;  global economy;  international relations;  partnership approach, China;  Sierra Leone},
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correspondence_address1={Ferme, M.C.; Anthropology Department, 232 Kroeber Hall, United States},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={13591835},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Mater. Cult.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Nolt20141,
author={Nolt, J.H.},
title={International political economy: The business of war and peace},
journal={International Political Economy: The Business of War and Peace},
year={2014},
pages={1-238},
doi={10.4324/9780203799727},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062317137&doi=10.4324%2f9780203799727&partnerID=40&md5=03872a981b9dc1c6a9cfd6fa7aee27d3},
affiliation={New York University, United States},
abstract={This book offers a completely new and unique introduction to the economics of international relations. It treats all the traditional major themes of international relations theory while giving each a refreshing new twist with the incorporation of the influence of private power, particularly in the realm of war and peace. It reframes the history of the modern global economy and politics by thoroughly purging the myth of the market, a systematic blindness to private power. It not only draws on, but also illuminates major themes and empirical findings of comparative politics, business history, business strategy, business cycle theory, social evolutionary theory as well as the practical wisdom of traders and investors. Part one introduces the major concepts of competing theories of international relations, emphasizing a unique approach, corporatism. Part two introduces the critical importance dynamic and oppositional analysis of issues. Part three traces the rise of the modern world from the mercantilist period until the rise of modern corporate organizations and the demise of imperialism in the crucible of World War I. Part four begins with the origins of the contemporary dominance of business internationalism before and during World War II, then analyzes three major facets of the postwar era: the unification of much of Europe, the industrialization of the Third World, and the Cold War and its aftermath. The final chapter considers the present and future of a fairly peaceful yet economically unstable world. This book presents a refreshing and exciting portrayal of the global economy which challenges every major subject from money to markets to the business cycle. This book eschews the economics of dull averages to restore the drama of contending business forces, struggling for wealth and, in the process, influencing war and peace. © 2015 James H. Nolt. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Nolt, J.H.; New York UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135994372; 9780415700764},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Polit. Econ.: The Bus. of War and Peace},
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source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Álvaro-Moya2014681,
author={Álvaro-Moya, A.},
title={The globalization of knowledge-based services: Engineering consulting in Spain, 1953-1975},
journal={Business History Review},
year={2014},
volume={88},
number={4},
pages={681-707},
doi={10.1017/S0007680514000725},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927634167&doi=10.1017%2fS0007680514000725&partnerID=40&md5=f2701ec5370ebaf896130d77ba979f97},
affiliation={CUNEF Business School in Madrid, Spain},
abstract={This article explores the globalization of knowledge-based services and their impact on host-country firms' organizational capabilities. Two drivers of such globalization - foreign aid and foreign direct investment coming from the United States - contributed to the development of engineering consulting in Spain in the beginning of the new global economy. The largest Spanish engineering firms have been able to integrate imported knowledge into their own organizational capabilities, enabling them to compete successfully in international markets. This imported knowledge was disseminated in two ways: through private companies, via affiliates and strategic alliances between locals and foreigners; and through the technical and military aid the U.S. government provided during the Cold War. Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 2014.},
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correspondence_address1={Álvaro-Moya, A.; CUNEF Business School in MadridSpain},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={00076805},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Hist. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Silva2014709,
author={Silva, A.},
title={Organizational innovation in nineteenth-century railway investment: Peripheral countries in a global economy},
journal={Business History Review},
year={2014},
volume={88},
number={4},
pages={709-736},
doi={10.1017/S0007680514000737},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927620758&doi=10.1017%2fS0007680514000737&partnerID=40&md5=d3eace9bb16589e6fff4f53caa941924},
affiliation={Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal},
abstract={The relationship between ownership and control of distant ventures has been a major topic in business history. This relationship prompted the creation of a specific organizational form, the freestanding company, particularly active in international business before World War I. The freestanding form and railway companies such as Companhia Real share the common characteristic of being stand-alone firms based on foreign direct investment (FDI), but their legal ownership and management strategy were different. The freestanding companies offshored legal ownership; Companhia Real offshored top management since it was incorporated in the country hosting FDI. This business configuration was usual in French investments across European peripheral countries. This article introduces a new concept into the current international business literature, emphasizing the polymorphous character of foreign investment before World War I. Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 2014.},
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New York; Casson, An Economic Theory of the Free-Standing Company, p. 100; Eichengreen, Financing Infrastructure in Developing Countries; Casson, M., Institutional diversity in overseas enterprise: Explaining the free-standing company (1994) Business History, 36, pp. 95-108; Casson, An Economic Theory of the Free-Standing Company, pp. 123-124; Cameron, France and the Economic Development of Europe; Armstrong, J., (1998) Railway Management and Its Organizational Structure: Its Impact on and Diffusion into the General Economy, , Seville; Barth, B., The financial history of the anatolian and baghdad railways, 1889-1914 (1998) Financial History Review, 5, pp. 115-137. , trans. by J. C. Whitehouse; Cottrell, P.L., A survey of european investment in turkey, 1854-1914: Banks and the finance of the state and railway construction (2008) East Meets West: Banking, Commerce and Investment in the Ottoman Empire, pp. 59-95. , ed. Peter L. Cottrell, coedited by Monika Pohle Fraser and Iain L. Fraser (Aldershot; Roth, Dinhobl, Across the Borders; Schram, A., (1997) Railways and the Formation of the Italian State in the Nineteenth Century, , (Cambridge, U.K; Comín, 150 Años de Historia;; Villar, C., El Ferrocarril en España; López-Morell, La Casa Rothschild;; O'Kean, M., A stable network as a source of entrepreneurial opportunities: The rothschilds in spain, 1835- 1931 (2008) Business History, 50, pp. 163-184; Rubio, M., Siglo y medio; Olivares and Ortúñez The Internationalisation of Ownership.; Comín, 150 Años de Historia, p. 179; López-Morell, O'Kean, A Stable Network, p. 177; Olivares, J.V., La estructura de la propiedad de la organización y la gestión de una gran empresa ferroviária: La Companía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de Espana 1858-1936 (1999) Revista de Historia Económica, 3, p. 638. , 647; López-Morell, O'Kean, A Stable Network As A Source of Entrepreneurial Opportunities, p. 177; De Los Cobos Arteaga, F., Martínez Vara, T., Spanish society of secondary networks: The failure of a major international project to create an additional railway network in spain Across the Borders, p. 84. , ed. Roth and Dinhobl; Keefer, Protection Against A Capricious State, p. 180; Wilkins, The Free-Standing Company, p. 261; Wilkins, The Free-Standing Company Revisited, p. 23; Casson, An Economic Theory of the Free-Standing Company, p. 104; Olivares, V., Las Compañias Ferroviárias" and "la Estructura de la Propiedad; Olivares, Ortúñez, The Internationalisation of Ownership.; Wilkins, Multinational Enterprise to 1930; Hausman, W.J., Hertner, P., Wilkins, M., (2008) Global Electrification, p. 258. , Cambridge, U.K; British Overseas Banks, p. 345; Casson, M., Cox, H., International business networks: Theory and history (1993) Business and Economic History, 1, p. 459; Jones, G., Khanna, T., Bringing history (back) into international business (2006) Journal of International Business Studies, 37, pp. 453-468},
correspondence_address1={Silva, A.; Nova School of Business and Economics, Portugal},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={00076805},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Hist. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Amato20141431,
author={Amato, M. and Fantacci, L.},
title={Back to which Bretton Woods? Liquidity and clearing as alternative principles for reforming international money},
journal={Cambridge Journal of Economics},
year={2014},
volume={38},
number={6},
pages={1431-1452},
doi={10.1093/cje/beu030},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985897959&doi=10.1093%2fcje%2fbeu030&partnerID=40&md5=2944d491e0b72eef2bbd82b4263e899c},
affiliation={Bocconi University, Milan, Italy},
abstract={In the face of the current crisis, there is growing demand for regulation, ofteninvoked in terms of a 'return to Bretton Woods'. The Bretton Woods Conferenceof 1944 was indeed the last explicit attempt to define a rule for international settlements.In fact, post-World War II currency negotiations gave place to a confrontationbetween two alternative visions of the international monetary system. Thetwo plans set forth by the U.S. and by the U.K. embody two alternative principles:the first aims at producing international liquidity on the basis of a reserve currency(White's plan for an International Stabilization Fund); the second aims at providinga pure means and measure for the multilateral clearing of current accounts inthe form of a currency unit (Keynes's plan for an International Clearing Union).The former has undoubtedly prevailed. However, it is questionable whether it is themost appropriate way to manage global imbalances. Indeed, the principle eventuallyembodied in the Bretton Woods system, and persisting even after its demise, tendsto identify money with a reserve asset, making possible, and even necessary, theaccumulation of global imbalances, despite original intentions to reabsorb them.On the contrary, the principle that inspired the alternative plan was intended todeprive money of the character of a reserve asset, thus making it the rule for internationalexchanges, rather than an object of regulation among others. This paperoutlines the two principles both in historical perspective and in the perspective offuture reforms, particularly in relation to the recent proposal by the governor of thePeople's Bank of China to go back to the principles of the Keynes plan. © The Author 2014.},
author_keywords={Bretton Woods;  Clearing union;  International Monetary Fund;  International monetary system;  John Maynard Keynes;  Liquidity},
keywords={Bretton Woods institution;  financial crisis;  global economy;  IMF;  reform process},
references={Alessandrini, P., Fratianni, M., Resurrecting Keynes to stabilize the international monetary system (2009) Open Economies Review, 20, pp. 339-358; Amato, M., Fantacci, L., (2012), The End of Finance, Cambridge, UK, Polity Press; Cesarano, F., Monetary Theory and Bretton Woods: The Construction of an International Monetary Order (2006), Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press; Costabile, L., Current global imbalances and the Keynes plan: a Keynesian approach for reforming the international monetary system (2009) Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 20, pp. 79-89; De Cecco, M., Origins of the post-war payments system (1979) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 3, pp. 49-61; Eichengreen, B., Exorbitant Privilege: The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System (2011), Oxford, Oxford University Press; Fantacci, L., The dual currency system of Renaissance Europe (2008) Financial History Review, 15 (1), pp. 55-72; Fantacci, L., Why not bancor? Keynes's currency plan as a solution to global imbalances (2013), pp. 172-195. , Marcuzzo, M. C., Mehrling, P. and Hirai, T. (eds), Keynesian Reflections. Effective Demand, Money, Finance and Policies, Oxford, Oxford University Press; Horsefield, J.K., The International Monetary Fund, 1945-1965: Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation (1969), 1. , Chronicle, Washington, DC, IMF; Horsefield, J.K., The International Monetary Fund, 1945-1965: Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation (1969), 3. , Documents, Washington, DC, IMF; Hudson, D., Financing for development and the post-Keynesian case for a new global reserve currency (2010) Journal of International Development, 22, pp. 772-787; (2014), Renmin University of China. . The Internationalization of the Renminbi, London, Routledge; Iosebashvili, I., At G20, Kremlin to pitch new currency, Moscow Times (2009), p. 12798. , http://www.globalresearch.ca/at-g20-kremlin-to-pitch-new-currency/, 18 March, English version retrieved from, [date last accessed: 28 July 2014]; Jaeger, C., Haas, A., Töpfer, K., 'Sustainability, Finance, and a Proposal from China', Potsdam (2013) Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, , WP 1/2013; James, H., (1996) International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Keynes, J.M., A Treatise on Money, vol. 1, The Pure Theory of Money, in The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes (1930), 5. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan; Keynes, J.M., A Treatise on Money, vol. 2, The Applied Theory of Money (1930) The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 6. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan; Keynes, J.M., The General Theory of Employment (1936) Interest and Money, in The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 7. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan; Keynes, J.M., Proposals for an international clearing union (1941) The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 15, pp. 42-66. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan, 18 November 1941 (second draft); Keynes, J.M., Proposals for an international clearing union (1942) The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 19, pp. 169-195. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan, 28 August (sixth draft); Keynes, J.M., The objective of international price stability (1943) reprinted in The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 26, pp. 30-33. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan; Keynes, J.M., The International Monetary Fund (1944) The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 26, pp. 146-154. , ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan, memorandum of 29 December; Keynes, J.M., The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes (1971), ed. by E. A. G. Robinson and D. Moggridge, London, Macmillan; Kindleberger, C.P., (1984) A Financial History of Western Europe, , London, George Allen & Unwin; Markwell, J.D., John Maynard Keynes and International Relations (2006), Economic Paths to War and Peace, Oxford, Oxford University Press; Moggridge, D., The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes (1989), 26. , Activities 1941-1946: Shaping the Post-war World-Bretton Woods and Reparations, London, Macmillan; Piffaretti, N., 'Reshaping the International Monetary Architecture: Lessons from Keynes' Plan' (2009), Policy Research Working Paper no. 5034, World Bank; Rosenberg, A., Schuler, K., The Bretton Woods Transcripts (2012), New York, Center for Financial Stability; Rossi, S., The monetary-policy relevance of an international settlement institution: the Keynes plan 60 years later (2007), pp. 96-114. , Giacomin, A. and Marcuzzo, M. C. (eds), Money and Markets: A Doctrinal Approach, London, Routledge; Simpkins, J., Brazil proposes replacement for dollar as world's main reserve currency (2010) NuWire Investor, , http://www.nuwireinvestor.com/articles/brazil-proposesreplacement-fordollar-as-worlds-main-reserve-currency-56426.aspx, [date last accessed: 28 July 2014]; Skidelsky, R., Keynes's road to Bretton Woods: an essay in interpretation (2003), pp. 125-152. , Flandreau, M., Holfrerich, C.-L. and James, H. (eds), International Financial History in the Twentieth Century: System and Anarchy, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press; Steil, B., The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes (2013), Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order, Princeton, Princeton University Press; Thirlwall, A.P., Keynes and International Monetary Relations, the Second Keynes Seminar held at the University of Kent at Canterbury (1976), 1974, London and Basingstoke, Macmillan; Triffin, R., Gold and the Dollar Crisis: The Future of Convertibility (1960), New Haven, Yale University Press; Proceedings and Documents of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1948), Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, 1-22 July 1944, 2 vols, publication no. 2866, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office; Foreign Relations of the United States (1967) Diplomatic Papers, 2. , General: Economic and Social Matters, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1944; Van Dormael, A., Bretton Woods: Birth of a Monetary System (1978), London, Macmillan; White, H.D., Preliminary draft proposal for a United Nations stabilization fund and a bank for reconstruction and development of the United and Associated Nations (1942) Reform the international monetary system, BIS Review, pp. 78-82. , http://www.bis.org/review/r090402c.pdf, April, Part III, in Horsefield, J. K. (ed.), The International Monetary Fund, 1945-1965: Twenty Years of International Monetary Cooperation, vol. III, Documents, Washington, DC, IMF Zhou, X. 2009. Reform the international monetary system, BIS Review, no. 41, [date last accessed: 28 July 2014]; Zhou, X., Reform the international monetary system (2009) BIS Review, 41. , http://www.bis.org/review/r090402c.pdf, [date last accessed: 28 July 2014]},
correspondence_address1={Fantacci, L.; Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Italy; email: luca.fantacci@unibocconi.it},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={0309166X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. J. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Davis2014136,
author={Davis, S.},
title={Wine and modernity in the transylvanian saxon imagination (1860'1930)},
journal={Central Europe},
year={2014},
volume={12},
number={2},
pages={136-158},
doi={10.1179/1479096314Z.00000000028},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941953338&doi=10.1179%2f1479096314Z.00000000028&partnerID=40&md5=89076810a527465e0dbdf14678d214f0},
affiliation={School of Humanities, University of NewcastleNSW, Australia},
abstract={Transylvanian Saxon writings on wine and viniculture provide unusually informative insights as to the small East European community's responses to the impacts of modernization: loss of corporate privileges, minority status in first Habsburg Hungary and after the First World War, Romania, and increasing integration into a global economy. Transylvanian Saxons imbued wine with symbolic functions beyond its dietary or economic importance; viniculture and wine embodied Saxon aspirations and fears for the future. While ethnographers invoked the traditions embodied in wine to shore up Saxon status within Transylvania, economists extolled viniculture as an industry capable of modernization and a secure financial future for the community. Conversely, Saxon abstinence campaigners identified wine as the root of the Saxons' decline, and hoped to build a better future through its abolition. Through its symbolic roles, wine and viniculture reveal the potentials and limitations the Transylvanian Saxon community faced in confronting modernization. © 2014 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd.},
author_keywords={Abstinence;  Ethnography;  Eugenics;  Landscape;  Nationalism;  Viniculture},
references={Roth, H., Autostereotype als Identifikationmuster: zum Selbstbild der Siebenbü rger Sachsen (1998) Das Bild des Anderen in Siebenbürgen, p. 183. , ed. by Konrad Gündisch, Wolfgang Höpken, and Michael Markel (Cologne; Darwin, J., (2007) After Tamberlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires 1400-2000, pp. 25-27. , (London; Cohen, G.B., (1981) The Politics of Ethnic Survival: Germans in Prague 1861-1914, p. 4. , (Princeton; Brubaker, R., (1996) Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe, pp. 6-7. , (Cambridge; Acker, H., (1993) Weinland Siebenbü Rgens: Achthundert Jahre Weinbaukultur im Karpatenbogen, p. 54. , (Wiesbaden; Göllner, C., (1988) Die Siebenbürger Sachsen in Den Jahren 1848-1918, p. 74. , (Cologne; Möckel, A., Geschichtsschreibung und Geschichtsbewusstsein bei den Siebenbürger Sachsen (1967) Studien Zur Geschichtsschreibung im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, pp. 4-5. , ed. by Paul Philippi (Cologne; Philippi, P., Zum Selbstverständnis der Siebenbürg er Sachsen im Zeitalter des Nationalismus und danach (1978) Zur Interethnik: Donauschwaben, Siebenbürger Sachsen und Ihre Nachbarn, pp. 236-237. , ed. by Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann (Frankfurt; Davis, S.E., Our faithfully kept, age-old inheritance" : Transylvanian saxon folk customs, particularism and German nationalism between the wars (2009) Europe's Expansions and Contractions, pp. 199-220. , ed. by Evan Smith (Adelaide; Vermeulen, H., Origins and institutionalization of ethnography and ethnology in Europe and the USA, 1771-1845 (1995) Fieldwork and Footnotes: Studies in the History of European Anthropology, pp. 39-59. , ed. by Hans F. Vermeulen and Arturo Alvarez Roldán (London; Boner, C., (1865) Transylvania: Its Products and Its People, pp. 225-226. , (London; Wolff, L., (1994) Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment, , (Stanford; Todorova, M., (1997) Imagining the Balkans, pp. 38-61. , (Oxford; Davis, S.E., East-west discourses in transylvania: Transitional erdé ly, German-western siebenbürgen or Latin-western ardeal? (2011) The East-West Discourse: Symbolic Geography and Its Consequences, pp. 136-146. , ed. by Alexander Maxwell (Oxford; Brennan, T., Towards the cultural history of alcohol in France (1989) Journal of Social History, 23, p. 74; Dobre-Baron, O., The analysis of the beer sector in Romania (2012) Annals of T He University of Petro?ani, Economics, 12, p. 62; Dynner, G., Legal fictions: The survival of rural jewish tavernkeeping in the kingdom of Poland (2010) Jewish Social Studies, 16, pp. 29-33; Dynner, G., A jewish drunk is hard to find " : Jewish drinking practices and the sobriety stereotype in eastern Europe (2014) Jewish Quarterly Review, 104, p. 12; Moskalewicz, J., Zieliski, A., Poland (1995) International Handbook of Alcohol and Culture, p. 225. , ed. by Dwight B. Heath (Westport, CT; Philippi, M., Die Anfä nge der industriellen Entwicklung in Kronstadt (1872-1900) (1993) Forschungen Zur Volks-und Landeskunde, 36, pp. 67-68; Linke, U., Colonising the national imaginary: Folklore, anthropology and the making of the modern state Fieldwork and Footnotes, pp. 98-102; Brenndörfer, K.-H., Siebenbü rgenlied ins Rumänische übertragen (2002) Siebenbürgische Zeitung, , http://www.siebenbuerger.de/zeitung/artikel/alteartikel/1028-siebenbuergenlied-ins-rumaenische.html, 15 May [accessed 15 October 2014]; Folberth, O., Die mediascher landschaft (1928) Klingsor, 5, pp. 202-207; Guy, K.M., (2003) When Champagne Became French: Wine and the Making of A National Identity, , (Baltimore; White, G.W., (2000) Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe, p. 90. , (Lanham; Cəndea, V., The "dark millenary" in the history of the romanians as seen by constantin g. 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Juni 1890 (1976) Wolff, Schriften und Reden, p. 144. , ed. by Michael Kroner (Bukarest; Rosegger, G., Jensen, J.H., Transylvanian railways and access to the lower danube, 1856-1914 (1995) East European Quarterly, 29, pp. 427-448; Buchalla, B., Die Diaspora der evangelischen Landeskirche A.B. in Siebenb ürgen und in Nordamerika (1923) Die Evang. Landeskirche A.B. in Siebenbürgen (Jena, p. 52; Wittstock, O., (1910) Strandgut von Einer Amerikareise, p. 37. , (Hermannstadt; Wolff, C., Sind lä ndliche Vorschussvereine notwendig? 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Blocker Jr and Cheryl Krasnick Warsh (Ottowa; Wagner, E., Heinrich Siegmund und die "volksbiologische" Forschung in der Zwischenkriegzeit (1983) Zeitschrift für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde, 6, p. 178; Schneider, E., Jugend von Heute! (1927) Sonnenwende, pp. 5-6. , 15 April; Volktanz und Schimmi (1927) Sonnenwende, pp. 2-3. , 31 November; Wie sollen wir auf dem Dorfe benehmen? (1927) Sonnenwende, pp. 4-6. , M. H. 24 December; Gyurgyevich, J.E., Singen (1928) Sonnenwende, pp. 8-9. , 29 February; Davis, S.E., Maintaining a "German" home in southeast Europe: Transylvanian saxon nationalism and the metropolitan model of the family, 1918-1933 (2009) History of the Family, 14, pp. 386-401; Faith-Weiss, S., The racial hygiene movement in Germany, 1904-1945 (1990) The Wellborn Science: Eugenics in Germany, France Brazil and Russia, p. 10. , ed. by Mark B. Adams (Oxford; Georgescu, T., Ethnic minorities and the eugenic promise: The transylvanian saxon experiment with national renewal in inter-war Romania European Review of History, 17 (2010), p. 865; Siegmund, H., Die Rassenmischung Wehr-und Mehrbuch, pp. 187-193; Spode, H., (1993) Die Macht der Trunkenheit: Kultur-und Sozialgeschichte des Alkohols in Deutschland, pp. 220-223. , (Opladen; Wagner, Heinrich Siegmund, p. 178; Georgescu, Ethnic Minorities, pp. 865-866; Promitzer, Framing Issues of Health, Hygiene and Eugenics, pp. 16-17; Weindling, P., Racial expertise and German eugenic strategies for southea stern Europe Health, Hygiene and Eugenics, pp. 40-46; Siegmund, H., Die Fürsorgearbeit in unseren Gemeinden (1922) Kirchliche Blä Tter, p. 10. , 12 January; Siegmund, H., Die Weingeistfrage in Spr üchen Wehr-und Mehrbuch, p. 146; Theodurou, V., Karakatsani, D., Eugenics and puericulture: Medical attempts to improve the biological capital in interwar Greece Health, Hygiene and Eugenics, pp. 315-321; Dugec, Z., Like yeast in fermentation " : Public health in interwar Yugoslavia Health, Hygiene and Eugenics, pp. 213-219; Turda, M., Controlling the national body: Ideas of racial purification in Romania, 1918-1944 Health, Hygiene and Eugenics, pp. 394-397; Fahrenkrug, H., Alcohol and the state in nazi Germany, 1933-1945 Drinking, pp. 317-320},
correspondence_address1={Davis, S.; School of Humanities, Australia; email: sacha.davis@newcastle.edu.au},
publisher={Maney Publishing},
issn={14790963},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cent. Eur.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Anderson2014285,
author={Anderson, K.},
title={Globalisation and Agricultural Trade},
journal={Australian Economic History Review},
year={2014},
volume={54},
number={3},
pages={285-306},
doi={10.1111/aehr.12050},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911407770&doi=10.1111%2faehr.12050&partnerID=40&md5=cf82dd77ca6b36f52903b61f7c5f0ad2},
affiliation={University of Adelaide, Australia; Australian National University, Australia},
abstract={For most of the past 10,000 years, long-distance agricultural trade has focused on crop seeds or cuttings, breeding animals, and farm production technologies, before the dramatic falls in trade costs over the past two centuries allowed the gradual addition of farm outputs in raw or processed form to long-distance trade. That process was helped or hindered in various periods and places by governments' trade-related policies. This paper traces the impact of those developments on terms of trade during the first globalisation wave to 1913 and then looks briefly at the inter-war period, before concentrating on the period since the 1950s. © 2014 Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.},
author_keywords={Agricultural protection;  Agricultural revolutions;  Export taxes;  F17;  F5;  F63;  Global economy-wide model projections;  O13;  Q17;  Q18;  Structural transformations;  Trade costs},
references={Allen, R.C., Tracking the agricultural revolution in England (1999) Economic History Review, 52, pp. 209-235; Anderson, K., (1992) New Silk Roads: East Asia and World Textile Markets, , ed. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press); Anderson, K., (2009) Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: A Global Perspective, 1955-2007, , ed. (London: Palgrave Macmillan and Washington DC: World Bank); Anderson, K., Krueger/Schiff/Valdés revisited: agricultural price and trade policy reform in developing countries since the 1980s (2010) Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 32, pp. 195-231; Anderson, K., Cockburn, J., Martin, W., Would freeing up world trade reduce poverty and inequality? The vexed role of agricultural distortions (2011) The World Economy, 34, pp. 487-515; Anderson, K., Hayami, Y., (1986) The Political Economy of Agricultural Protection: East Asia in International Perspective, , Others (London: Allen and Unwin); Anderson, K., Nelgen, S., (2013), http://www.worldbank.org/agdistortions, Updated national and global estimates of distortions to agricultural incentives, 1955 to 2011, World Bank, Washington DC, to be accessible from May. [Accessed 28 February 2014.]; Anderson, K., Norheim, H., From imperial to regional trade preferences: its effect on europe's intra- and extra-regional trade (1993) Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 129, pp. 78-102; Anderson, K., Smith, B., Changing economic relations between Asian ADCs and resource-exporting developed countries (1981) Trade and Growth in the Advanced Developing Countries, , W. Hong, and L. Krause, eds. (Seoul: Korea Development Institute Press); Anderson, K., Strutt, A., Emerging economies, productivity growth, and trade with resource-rich economies by 2030 (2014) Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 58. , forthcoming); Anderson, K., Strutt, A., Impacts of Asia's rise on African and Latin American trade: projections to 2030 (2014), Paper presented at the AARES Annual Conference, Port Macquarie, 5-7 February; Anderson, K., Tyers, R., Japanese rice policy in the interwar period: some consequences of imperial self sufficiency (1992) Japan and the World Economy, 4, pp. 103-127; Anderson, K., Tyers, R., Implications of EU expansion for European agricultural policies, trade and welfare (1995) Expanding Membership of the European Union, , Ch. 9 In: R. Baldwin, P. Haaparanta, and J. Kiander, eds. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press); Baldwin, R.E., Robert-Nicoud, F., Trade-in-goods and trade-in-tasks: an integrating framework (2014) Journal of International Economics, 92, pp. 51-62; Campbell, C., (2005) The Botanist and the Vintner: How Wine Was Saved for the World, , New York: Algonquin Books); Corden, W.M., Booming sector and dutch disease economics: survey and consolidation (1984) Oxford Economic Papers, 36, pp. 359-380; Crosby, A.W., (2003) The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, , Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers); Deardorff, A.V., An exposition and exploration of Krueger's trade model (1984) Canadian Journal of Economics, 5, pp. 731-746; Diamond, J., (1997) Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, , New York: W.W. Norton and Company); (2014) Food Balance Sheets, , http://faostat.fao.org/site/368/default.aspx#ancor, (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization). [Accessed 28 Jan.] Available; Federico, G., (2005) Feeding the World: An Economic History of Agriculture, 1800-2000, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press); Hirst, K.K., (2014), http://archaeology.about.com/od/domestications/a/plant_domestic.htm, Plant [and animal] domestication: table of dates and places, Accessed 28 Jan.]; Jacks, D.S., Intra- and international commodity market integration in the Atlantic economy, 1800-1913 (2005) Explorations in Economic History, 42, pp. 381-413; Jacks, D.S., From boom to bust: a typology of real commodity prices in the long run (2013), NBER Working Paper 18874, Cambridge MA, March; Jones, E., (2002) The Record of Global Economic Development, , London: Edward Elgar); Kindleberger, C.P., Commercial policy between the wars (1989) The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. 8, , P. Mathias, and S. Pollard, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Krueger, A.O., (1977) Growth, Distortions and Patterns of Trade Among Many Countries, , Princeton, NJ: International Finance Section); Krueger, A.O., Schiff, M., Valdés, A., Agricultural incentives in developing countries: measuring the effect of sectoral and economy-wide policies (1988) World Bank Economic Review, 2, pp. 255-272; Krueger, A.O., Schiff, M., Valdés, A., (1991) The Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy, Volume 1: Latin America, Volume 2: Asia, and Volume 3: Africa and the Mediterranean, , (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press for World Bank); Leamer, E.E., Paths of development in the three-factor, n-good general equilibrium model (1987) Journal of Political Economy, 95, pp. 961-999; Lewis, M.W., Asparagus land: coastal Peru's fruit and vegetable export boom (2013), http://www.geocurrents.info/economic-geography/asparagus-land-coastal-perus-fruit-and-vegetable-export-boom, 17 July. [Accessed 30 Jan 2014.]; Lloyd, P.J., A more general theory of price distortions in an open economy (1974) Journal of International Economics, 4, pp. 365-386; McGovern, P., (2003) Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viticulture, , Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press); McGovern, P., (2009) Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer, and Other Alcoholic Beverages, , Berkeley CA: University of California Press); Molina, J., Sikora, M., Garud, N., Molecular evidence for a single evolutionary origin of domesticated rice (2011) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, pp. 8351-8356; Nunn, N., Qian, N., The columbian exchange: a history of disease, food, and ideas (2010) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24, pp. 163-188; Ozawa, T., (2009) The Rise of Asia: The 'Flying-Geese Theory of Tandem Growth and Regional Agglomeration, , London: Edward Elgar); Pfaffenzeller, S., Newbolt, P., Rayner, A., A short note on updating the Grilli and Yang Commodity Price Index (2007) World Bank Economic Review, 21, pp. 151-163; Rao, X., Hurley, T.M., Pardey, P.G., 'Re-examining the reported rates of return to food and agricultural research and development' (2014) American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96 (5), pp. 1492-1504; Valenzuela, E., van der Mensbrugghe, D., Anderson, K., General equilibrium effects of price distortions on global markets, farm incomes and welfare (2009) Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: A Global Perspective, 1955-2007, , K. Anderson, ed. (London: Palgrave Macmillan and Washington DC: World Bank); Williamson, J.G., Commodity prices over two centuries: trends, volatility, and impact (2012) Annual Review of Resource Economics, 4, pp. 1-22; (2014), http://econ.worldbank.org, Commodities price data (pink sheets), Accessed 30 Jan.]; Zeder, M.A., Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: origins, diffusion and impact (2008) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, pp. 11597-11604; Zohary, D., Hopf, M., Weiss, E., (2012) Domestication of Plants in the Old World, , 4th edn (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press)},
correspondence_address1={Anderson, K.; University of AdelaideAustralia},
issn={00048992},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Aust. Econ. Hist. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{SchulteInDenBäumen20142749,
author={Schulte In Den Bäumen, H. and Moran, D. and Lenzen, M. and Cairns, I. and Steenge, A.},
title={How severe space weather can disrupt global supply chains},
journal={Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
year={2014},
volume={14},
number={10},
pages={2749-2759},
doi={10.5194/nhess-14-2749-2014},
note={cited By 45},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908053386&doi=10.5194%2fnhess-14-2749-2014&partnerID=40&md5=a4f0255ef22dcc51305d2fc16d8e1199},
affiliation={School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW  2006, Australia; Programme for Industrial Ecology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7013, Norway; University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Groningen, 9700 AB, Netherlands},
abstract={Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) strong enough to create electromagnetic effects at latitudes below the auroral oval are frequent events that could soon have substantial impacts on electrical grids. Modern society's heavy reliance on these domestic and international networks increases our susceptibility to such a severe space-weather event. Using a new high-resolution model of the global economy, we simulate the economic impact of strong CMEs for three different planetary orientations. We account for the economic impacts within the countries directly affected, as well as the post-disaster economic shock in partner economies linked by international trade. For a 1989 Quebec-like event, the global economic impacts would range from USD 2.4 to 3.4 trillion over a year. Of this total economic shock, about 50% would be felt in countries outside the zone of direct impact, leading to a loss in global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 3.9 to 5.6%. The global economic damage is of the same order as wars, extreme financial crisis and estimated for future climate change. © 2014 Author(s).},
keywords={climate change;  coronal mass ejection;  economic impact;  financial crisis;  global economy;  Gross Domestic Product;  weather},
references={Baumjohann, W., Untiedt, J., Greenwald, R.A., Joint twodimensional observations of ground magnetic and ionospheric electric fields associated with auroral zo ne currents: 1. Threedimensional current flows associated with a substorm-intensified eastward electrojet (1980) J. Geophys. Res, 85, pp. 1963-1978; Bolduc, L., Gic observations and studies in the hydro-québec power system (2002) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy, 64, pp. 1793-1802; Boteler, D.H., Pirjola, R.J., Nevanlinna, H., The effects of geomagnetic disturbances on electrical systems at the earth's surface (1998) Adv. Space Res, 22, pp. 17-27; Cliver, E.W., Svalgaard, L., The 1859 solar-terrestrial disturbance and the current limits of extreme space weather activity (2004) Sol. Phys, 224, pp. 407-422; Erinmez, I.A., Management of the geomagnetically induced current risks on the national grid company's electric power transmission systems (2002) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy, 64, pp. 743-756; (2009) GHF: The Human Impact Report on Climate Change: The Anatomy of A Silent Crisis, , http://www.ghf-ge.org/human-impact-report.pdf, Geneva available at: (last access: 4 June 2014; Green, J., Boardsen, S., Odenwald, S., Eyew itness accounts of the 1859 superstorm (2006) Adv. Space Res, 38, pp. 145-154; Hapgood, M., Prepare for the coming space weather storm (2012) Nature, 484, pp. 311-313; Kappenman, J., (2010) Geomagnetic Storms and Their Impacts on the U.S. Power Grid Metatech Corporation 358 S. Fairview Ave. Suite e Goleta CA 93117, , www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/etsd/pes/pubs/ferc-Meta-R-319.pdf, available at: l ast access: 4 June 2014; Kappy, D., Vegaz, M., (2012) Real Output Costs of Financial Crises: A Loss Distribution Approach, , http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38988/, available at: last access: 4 June 2014; Lakhina, G.S., Alex, S., Tsurutani, B.T., Gonzalez, W.D., Research on historical records of geomagnetic storms (2005) Coronal and Stellar Mass Ejections, IAU Symposium Proceedings of the International Astronomical un Ion 226, pp. 3-15. , Held 13-17 September, Beijing, edited by: Dere, K., Wang, J., and Yan, Y., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Kanemoto, K., Foran, B., Lobefaro, L., Geschke, A., International trade drives biodiversity threats in developing nations (2011) Nature, 486, pp. 109-112; Lenzen, M., Kanemoto, K., Moran, D., Geschke, A., Mapping the structure of the world economy (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol, 46, pp. 8374-8381; Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Kanemoto, K., Geschke, A., Building eora: A glo bal multi-region input-output database at high country and sector resolution (2013) Econom. Syst. Res, 25, pp. 20-49; Leontief, W., (1966) Input-Output Economics, , Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA; Leontief, W., Strout, A., Multi-regional input-output. Analysis (1963) Structural Interdependence and Economic. Development, pp. 119-149. , edited by: Barna, T. Macmillan, London, UK; Li, J., Crawford-Brown, F., Syddall, M., Guan, D., Modeling imbalanced economic recovery following a natural disaster using input-output analysis (2013) Risk Anal, 33, pp. 1908-1923; (2013) Lloyd'S: Solar Storm Risk to the North American Grid, , www.lloyds.com, available at: last access: 4 June 2014; Love, J.J., Credible occurrence probabilities for extreme geophysical events: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magnet ic storms (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L10301; (2011) Impacts of Severe Space Weather on the Electric Grid ", , MITRE Corporation: JASON Report The MITRE Corporation JASON Program Office, 7515 Colshire Drive McLean, Virginia 22102, USA; (2008) NAOS: US National Academy of Sciences, Severe Space Weather Events-Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts, A Workshop Report, , Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; (2011) OECD: Office of Risk Management and Analysis: "geomagnetic Storms ", , www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/25/46891645.pdf, available at: (last access: 4 June 2014; (2012) OECD/IFP Futures Project on Future Global Shocks, US Department of Homeland Security, Office of Energy Delivery&Electric Reliability: Large Power Transformers and the U.S. Electric Grid, , http://energy.gov/oe/downloads/large-power-transformers-And-us-electric-grid-report-june-2012, Report available at; Okuyama, Y., Economic modeling for disaster impact analysis: Past, present, and future (2007) Econom. Syst. Res, 19, pp. 115-124; Pirjola, R.J., Viljanen, A., Pulkkinen, A., Amm, O., Space weather risk in power systems and pipelines (2000) Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. C, 25, pp. 333-337; Riley, P., On the probability of occurrence of extreme space weather events, pete riley (2012) Space Weather, 10, p. S02012; (2013) Royal Academy of Engineering: Extreme Space Weather: Impacts on Engineered Systems and Infrastructure, London, , http://www.raeng.org.uk/spaceweather, available at: last access: 9 September 2014; Siscoe, G., Crooker, N., Clauer, C.R., Dst of the carrington storm of 1859 (2006) Adv. Space Res, 38, pp. 173-179; Showstack, R., Threat of severe space weather to the u.s. Electrical grid explored at conference (2011) EOS T. Am. Geophys. Un, 92, pp. 374-375; Steenge, A.E., Boékarjova, M., Thinking abo ut imbalances in post-catastrophe economies: An input-output based proposition (2007) Econom. Syst. Res, 19, pp. 205-217; Thomson, A.W.P., Dawson, E.B., Reay, S.J., Quantifying extreme behavior in geomagnetic activity (2011) Space Weather, 9, p. S10001; Tsurutani, B.T., Gonzalez, W.D., Lakhina, G.S., Alex, S., The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 september 1859 (2003) J. Geophysics. Res, 108, p. 1268; Tsurutani, B.T., Verkhoglyadova, O.P., Mannucci, A.J., Lakhina, G.S., Huba, L.D., Extreme changes in the dayside ionosphe re during a carrington-type magnetic storm (2012) Space Weather Space Clim, 5, p. A05; Tukker, A., Dietzenbacher, E., Global multiregional input-output frameworks: An introduction and outlook (2013) Econom. Syst. Res, 25, pp. 1-19; (2012) UK House of Commons Defence Committee, Developing Threats: Electro-Magnetic Pulses (EMP), JASON Report, , http://go.nature.com/edi8qf, available at: last access: 4 June 2014; (2011) UNSD: National Accounts Main Aggregates Database, , http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Introduction.asp, New York, USA United Nations Statistics Division, available at: last access: 4 June 2014; Wei, L.H., Homeier, N., Gannon, J.L., Surface electric fields for north america during historical geomagnetic storms (2013) Adv. Space Res, 11, pp. 451-462; Wiedmann, T.O., Schandl, H., Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Suh, S., West, J., Kanemoto, K., The material footprint of nations (2013) P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
correspondence_address1={Schulte In Den Bäumen, H.; School of Physics A28, University of SydneyAustralia},
publisher={Copernicus GmbH},
issn={15618633},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss201471,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={International monetary fund: Background and issues for congress},
journal={Membership in the United Nations and Its Specialized Agencies: Analysis with Select Coverage of UNESCO and the IMF},
year={2014},
pages={71-102},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958869128&partnerID=40&md5=298affe25431f0ab69835064417d9b86},
abstract={The International Monetary Fund (IMF), conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in July 1944, is the multilateral organization focused on the international monetary system. Created in 1946 with 46 members, it has grown to include 188 countries. The IMF has six purposes that are outlined in Article I of the IMF Articles of Agreement: promoting international monetary cooperation; expanding the balanced growth of international trade, facilitating exchange rate stability; eliminating restrictions on the international flow of capital, ensuring confidence by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to members; and adjusting balance-of-payments imbalances in an orderly manner. Congressional interest in IMF activities has increased since the onset of the financial crisis in 2008. IMF lending has surged in recent years, particularly in light of large recent loans to Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In 2009, major economies agreed to substantially increase the IMF's resources and to move forward on several major reforms at the institution. These include increasing the voting share of emerging economies; revamping the IMF's lending toolkit to introduce greater flexibility and create new facilities for low-income countries; and creating a road map for resolving the fast-growing economic imbalances in the global economy between surplus and deficit countries. In late 2010, IMF members agreed to a doubling of IMF quotas, which would require congressional authorization and appropriations. The United States was instrumental in creating the IMF and is its largest financial contributor. Since voting shares are based on financial contributions, the large U.S. voting share provides the United States veto power over major decisions at the IMF. Both the IMF and its sister organization, the World Bank, are headquartered in Washington, DC. At the Bretton Woods conference, the IMF was tasked with coordinating the system of fixed exchange rates to help the international economy recover from two world wars and the instability in the interwar period caused by competitive devaluations and protectionist trade policies. From 1946 until 1973, the IMF managed the "par value adjustable peg" system. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce, and all other member countries' currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. This system of fixed rates ended in 1973 when the United States removed itself from the gold standard. The IMF has evolved significantly as an institution since it was created. Floating exchange rates and more open capital markets in the 1990s created a new role for the IMF-the resolution of frequent and volatile international financial crises. The Asian financial crisis of 1997- 1998 and subsequent crises in Russia and Latin America revealed many weaknesses of the world monetary system, which have only become more apparent in the wake of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and the more recent sovereign debt crises in Europe. This report evaluates the purpose, membership, financing, and focus of the IMF's activities. It also discusses the role of Congress in shaping U.S. policy at the IMF and concludes by addressing key issues, both legislative and oversight-related, that Congress may wish to consider. © 2014 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
references={Martin Weiss, A., International Monetary Fund: Selecting a Managing Director, , CRS Report R41828, by; Rebecca Nelson, M., The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress, , CRS Report R40977, by; IMF Members' Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx; Randall Stone, W., (2011) Controlling Institutions: International Organizations and the Global Economy, , (New York: Cambridge University Press; Rieffel, L., (2003) Restructuring Sovereign Debt: The Case for Ad-Hoc Machinery, , (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC; Beattie, A., "IMF Warned over fresh Greek Loan," (2011) Financial Times, , July 8; Thacker, S., "The High Politics of IMF Lending," (1999) World Politics, 52, pp. 38-75; Drehar, A., Sturm, J.-E., Vreeland, J.R., "Global Horse Trading: IMF Loans for Votes in the United Nations Security Council," (2009) European Economic Review, 53, pp. 742-757; Przeworski, A., Vreeland, J., "The effect of IMF programs on economic growth," (2000) Journal of Development Economics, 62; Jeanne, O., (2010) Dealing with Volatile Capital Flows, , Peterson Institute for International Economics, Working Paper PB10-180, Washington, DC, July; Martin Weiss, A., The Global Financial Crisis: The Role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), , CRS Report RS22976, by; (2011) Fact Sheet: IMF Lending, , March 30; Rebecca Nelson, M., Frequently Asked Questions about IMF Involvement in the Eurozone Debt Crisis, p. 22. , CRS Report R41239, coordinated by; Bhide, A., Phelps, E., "More Harm Than Good: How the IMF's Business Model Sabotages Properly Functioning Capitalism," (2011) Newsweek, , July 11; Truman, E., (2008) On What Terms is the IMF Worth Funding?, , Peterson Institute for International Economics, WP 08- 11, Washington, DC, December; Eichengreen, B., (2009) Out-of-the-Box Thoughts on the International Financial System, , International Monetary Fund, Working Paper no. 09-116, Washington, DC, May; Labonte, M., In a national economy, this function is typically provided by the central bank Federal Reserve: Lender of Last Resort Functions, , CRS Report RS21986, by; Obstfeld, M., (2010) Expanding Gross Asset Positions in the International Monetary System, , remarks at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City symposium on "Macroeconomic Challenges: The Decade Ahead," Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 26-28; Obstfeld, M., Shambaugh, J.C., Taylor, A.M., Financial Instability, Reserves, and Central Bank Swap Lines in the Panic of 2008, National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 14826, March 2009.; Fernandez-Arias, E., Yeyati, E.L., (2010) Global Financial Safety Nets: Where Do We Go from Here?, , Inter-American Development Bank, IDB Working Paper 231, November; Truman, E., (2010) The IMF as International Lender of Last Resort, , Peterson Institute for International Economics, Real Time Economic Issues Watch, October 12; Sanford, J.E., Weiss, M.A., The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress, , CRS Report R40578, by; Weiss, M.A., International Monetary Fund: Reforming Country Representation, , CRS Report RL33626, by; Rebecca Nelson, M., Martin Weiss, A., IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress, , For more information, see CRS Report R42844, by; Truman, E., IMF Governance Reform: A "Pretty Good" Step in the Right Direction (2010) Peterson Institute for International Economics, , November 8; Factsheet: IMF Quotas (2011), March 3; Daggett, S., Epstein, S.B., Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations, , CRS Report R40531, FY2009,coordinated by},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, M.A.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781633219908; 9781633219717},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Membersh. in the U.N. and Its Specialized Agencies: Anal. with Sel. Cover. of UNESCO and the IMF},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ploch201487,
author={Ploch, L. and Blanchard, C.M. and O'Rourke, R. and Mason, R.C. and King, R.O.},
title={Piracy off the horn of Africa},
journal={U.S. Maritime Counterpiracy Efforts},
year={2014},
pages={87-148},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957358948&partnerID=40&md5=04ce7368224034b498e218264eb09275},
abstract={Pirate attacks in the waters off Somalia and the Horn of Africa, including those on U.S.-flagged vessels, have brought renewed international attention to the long-standing problem of maritime piracy. According to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB), at least 219 attacks occurred in the region in 2010, with 49 successful hijackings. Somali pirates have attacked ships in the Gulf of Aden, along Somalia's eastern coastline, and outward into the Indian Ocean. Using increasingly sophisticated tactics, these pirates now operate as far east as the Maldives in good weather, and as far south as the Mozambique Channel. Hostage taking for ransom has been a hallmark of Somali piracy, and the IMB reports that more hostages, over 1,180, were taken at sea in 2010 than any year since records began; over 86% of those were taken by Somali pirates. The increase in pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa is directly linked to continuing insecurity and the absence of the rule of law in war-torn Somalia. The absence of a functioning central government there provides freedom of action for pirates and remains the single greatest challenge to regional security. The lack of law enforcement capacity creates a haven where pirates hold hostages during ransom negotiations that can last for months. Some allege that the absence of Somali coastal security authorities has allowed illegal international fishing and maritime dumping to go unchecked, which in turn has undermined coastal communities' economic prospects, providing economic or political motivation to some pirates. The apparent motive of most pirate groups, however, is profit, and piracy has proven to be lucrative. Somalia's "pirate economy" has grown substantially in the past two years, with ransoms now averaging more than $5 million. These revenues may further exacerbate the ongoing conflict and undermine regional security. The annual cost of piracy to the global economy ranges between $7 and $12 billion, by some estimates. The U.N. Security Council has issued a series of resolutions since 2008 to facilitate an international response, which is coordinated by a multilateral Contact Group. The Council has authorized international navies to counter piracy both in Somali territorial waters and ashore, with the consent of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG), and has also authorized, as an exemption to the U.N. arms embargo on Somalia, support for the TFG security forces. Counter-piracy patrols by multinational naval forces near Somalia are intended to compliment mariners' self-protection measures. Increased patrols and proactive efforts by ships have reduced attacks in the Gulf of Aden, but the U.N. Secretary-General warns that "while the effectiveness of naval disruption operations has increased and more pirates have been arrested and prosecuted, this has not stopped piracy. The trend of the increased levels of violence employed by the pirates as well as their expanding reach is disconcerting". Some suggest that a perception of impunity exists among pirates and financiers; nine out of ten Somali pirates apprehended by naval patrols are reportedly released because no jurisdiction is prepared to prosecute them. The United States has sought to prevent, disrupt, and prosecute Somali piracy through a range of interagency and multilateral coordination and enforcement mechanisms. The Obama Administration has initiated a new "dual track" policy toward Somalia, where some contend that international efforts to build a credible central authority have failed. Congress has examined options to address piracy both diplomatically and militarily. Congress appropriates funding and provides oversight for policy initiatives with implications for piracy in the region, including maritime security assistance to regional governments, support to peacekeeping operations in Somalia, and funding for U.S. Navy operations. Congress continues to debate options for addressing pirate safe havens and improving the prospects for prosecution of pirate suspects. © 2015 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
references={(2010) Somali Piracy and the Monsoon Seasons, , World Piracy Update, December 10; Warren, R., US seizes man in somalia, Says He was pirates' Negotiator in fatal hijacking (2011) The Christian Science Monitor, , April 13; Chuck Mason, R., Piracy: A Legal Definition, , CRS Report R41455; Somali Pirate Who Aided Attack on Ashland Gets 30 Years (2010) The Virginian-Pilot, , November 30; (2011) Somalia: The Transitional Government on Life Support, , Africa Report No. 170, February 21; (2010) Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1897 (2009), , S/2010/556, October 27; Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Somalia, p. 2010. , S/2010/675, December 30; (2011) Report of the Special Advisor to the Secretary-General on Legal Issues Related to Piracy Off the Coast of Somalia, , S/2011/30, January 24; (2009) Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1846 (2008), , S/2009/146, March 16; (2008) Final Report, , November 10-12; 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B1. , August 30; Christopher, T., Western nations weigh arming civilian ships (2009) NavyTimes.com, , August 13; Jun, B., Maritime Security Coordinator/U.S. Africa Command Liaison, U.S. Department of State Bureau of African Affairs, "International Response to Piracy Expanded, Unified (2009) DipNote, , January 30},
correspondence_address1={Ploch, L.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781634633673; 9781634633345},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={U.S. Marit. Counterpiracy Efforts},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Dümpelmann20141,
author={Dümpelmann, S.},
title={Flights of Imagination: Aviation, Landscape, Design},
journal={Flights of Imagination: Aviation, Landscape, Design},
year={2014},
pages={1-340},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928180581&partnerID=40&md5=b00eda7c228564735be2bcd688e2b3eb},
affiliation={Harvard University, United States},
abstract={In much the same way that views of the earth from the Apollo missions in the late 1960s and early 1970s led indirectly to the inauguration of Earth Day and the modern environmental movement, the dawn of aviation ushered in a radically new way for architects, landscape designers, urban planners, geographers, and archaeologists to look at cities and landscapes. As icons of modernity, airports facilitated the development of a global economy during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, reshaping the way people thought about the world around them. Professionals of the built environment awoke to the possibilities offered by the airports themselves as sites of design and by the electrifying new aerial perspective on landscape. In Flights of Imagination, Sonja Dümpelmann follows the evolution of airports from their conceptualization as landscapes and cities to modern-day plans to turn decommissioned airports into public urban parks. The author discusses landscape design and planning activities that were motivated, legitimized, and facilitated by the aerial view. She also shows how viewing the earth from above redirected attention to bodily experience on the ground and illustrates how design professionals understood the aerial view as simultaneously abstract and experiential, detailed and contextual, harmful and essential. Along the way, Dümpelmann traces this multiple dialectic from the 1920s to the land-camouflage activities during World War II, and from the environmental and landscape planning initiatives of the 1960s through today. © 2014 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Dümpelmann, S.; Harvard UniversityUnited States},
publisher={University of Virginia Press},
isbn={9780813935843; 9780813935843},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Flights of Imagin.: Aviat., Landsc., Des.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Torp20141,
author={Torp, C.},
title={The challenges of globalization: Economy and politics in Germany, 1860-1914},
journal={The Challenges of Globalization: Economy and Politics in Germany, 1860-1914},
year={2014},
pages={1-375},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84918926789&partnerID=40&md5=04c60995db31bba8de9c61a8fd8e64e4},
affiliation={Department of History, Martin Luther University of Halle, Germany},
abstract={In the mid nineteenth century a process began that appears, from a present-day perspective, to have been the first wave of economic globalization. Within a few decades global economic integration reached a level that equaled, and in some respects surpassed, that of the present day. This book describes the interpenetration of the German economy with an emerging global economy before the First World War, while also demonstrating the huge challenge posed by globalization to the society and politics of the German Empire. The stakes for both the winners and losers of the intensifying world market played a major role in dividing German society into camps with conflicting socio-economic priorities. As foreign trade policy moved into the center stage of political debates, the German government found it increasingly difficult to pursue a successful policy that avoided harming German exports and consumer interests while also seeking to placate a growing protectionist movement. © 2005 Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. All rights reserved.},
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Eight Perspectives, , Oxford:Blackwell; Williamson, J.G., The Evolution of Global Labor Markets since 1830: Background Evidence and Hypotheses (1995) Explorations in Economic History, 32, pp. 141-196; Williamson, J.G., Globalization, Labor Markets and Policy Backlash in the Past (1998) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12 (4), pp. 51-72; Williamson, O.E., The Vertical Integration of Production: Market Failure Considerations (1971) American Economic Review, 61, pp. 112-123; Williamson, O.E., (1985) The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting, , New York: Free Press; Winkler, H.A., (2000) Der lange Weg nach, 1. , Westen. 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(1992) Financial Openness and National Autonomy:Opportunities and Constraints, pp. 43-83. , T. Banuri and J. B. Schor (eds), Oxford: Clarendon; Zhang, A., Zhang, Y., An Analysis of Import Protection as Export Promotion under Economies of Scale (1998) Japan and the World Economy, 10, pp. 199-219; Zorn, W., Wirtschafts-und sozialgeschichtliche Zusammenhänge der deutschen Reichsgründungszeit (1850-1879) (1968) Moderne deutsche Sozialgeschichte, pp. 296-316. , H.-U. Wehler (ed.), Cologne: Kiepenheuer und Witsch; Zorn, W., Die wirtschaftliche Integration Kleindeutschlands in den 1860er Jahren und die Reichsgründung (1973) Historische Zeitschrift, 216, pp. 304-334; Zorn, W., Zwischenstaatliche wirtschaftliche Integration im Deutschen Zollverein, 1867-1870 (1978) Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial-und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 65, pp. 38-76; Zucker, L.G., Production of Trust: Institutional Sources of Economic Structure, 1840-1920 (1986) Research in Organizational Behaviour, 8, pp. 53-112. , B. Staw and L. Cummings (eds), Greenwich, C.T.: JAI; Zwehl, K.V., Zum Verhältnis von Regierung und Reichstag im Kaiserreich (1871-1918) (1983) Regierung, Bürokratie und Parlament in Preußen und Deutschland von 1848 bis zur Gegenwart, pp. 90-116. , G. A. Ritter (ed.), Düsseldorf: Droste},
correspondence_address1={Torp, C.; Department of History, Martin Luther University of HalleGermany},
publisher={Berghahn Books},
isbn={9781782385035; 9781782385028},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Challenges of Glob.: Econ. and Polit. in Ger., 1860-1914},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Amster2014267,
author={Amster, R.},
title={Teaching to the test: climate change, militarism, and the pedagogy of hopefulness},
journal={Journal of Peace Education},
year={2014},
volume={11},
number={3},
pages={267-278},
doi={10.1080/17400201.2014.954362},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908380290&doi=10.1080%2f17400201.2014.954362&partnerID=40&md5=2ebf9c2be1bd12467dfacbd63dd31079},
affiliation={Justice and Peace Studies Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={Climate change and militarism pose existential threats to human existence, and are linked through a number of related processes including access to resources, patterns of consumption, and the workings of the global economy. As nations increasingly militarize their domestic affairs and international postures alike, such patterns can feed back into systems of resource extraction and the production of wastes that are driving climate change. In the face of these interlinked and potentially cataclysmic issues, peace educators should strive to develop forms of pedagogy that address the core challenges by suggesting avenues of authentic engagement and seeking to cultivate a sense of hopefulness despite the mounting crises. This article explores the ways in which educators might teach to this generational ‘test’ characterized by the conjoined challenges of climate change and militarism, drawing upon concrete classroom experiences along with the aspirational aim of sustaining optimism in a time rife with apathy and despair. © 2014, Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={climate;  environment;  hope;  peace;  pedagogy;  war},
references={Aizenman, J., Glick, R., Military Expenditure, Threats, and Growth (2006) Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 15 (2), pp. 129-155; Barash, D.P., Webel, C.P., (2009) Peace and Conflict Studies, , 2nd ed, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Starving America’s Public Schools: How Budget Cuts and Policy Mandates are Hurting Our Nation’s Students (2011) Campaign for America’s Future, , http://ourfuture.org/files/documents/starving-schools-report.pdf; Dyer, G., (2010) Climate Wars: The Fight for Survival as the World Overheats, , New York: Oneworld; Future Climate Change Environmental Protection Agency, , http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/future.html; Problems with the Use of Test Scores to Evaluate Teachers (2010) Economic Policy Institute, , http://www.epi.org/publication/bp278/, Briefing Paper #278; Evans, T.L., (2012) Occupy Education: Living and Learning Sustainability, , New York: Peter Lang; Fisk, L.J., Shaping Visionaries: Nurturing Peace through Education (2000) Patterns of Conflict, Paths to Peace, pp. 159-193. , Fisk Larry, Schellenberg John, (eds), Orchard Park, NY: Broadview Press; Galtung, J., (1996) Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Ghazanfar, M., Current Changes in Education: A Global Perspective (2005) Social Science Research Network; Gunderson, L., Ecological and Human Community Resilience in Response to Natural Disasters (2010) Ecology and Society, 15 (2), pp. 18-28; Harris, I.M., Mische, P., Environmental Peacemaking, Peacekeeping, and Peacebuilding: Integrating Education for Ecological Balance and a Sustainable Peace (2004) Educating for a Culture of Social and Ecological Peace, pp. 169-182. , Wenden Anita L., (ed), Albany, NY: Suny Press; Harris, I.M., Morrison, M.L., (2013) Peace Education, , 3rd ed, Jefferson, NC: McFarland; Johnson, R.D., (2006) Teachable Moments: Essays on Experiential Education, , New York: University Press of America; Klare, M.T., (2012) The Race for What’s Left: The Global Scramble for the World’s Last Resources, , New York: Metropolitan Books; Lee, J.R., (2009) Climate Change and Armed Conflict: Hot and Cold Wars, , New York: Routledge; Matthew, R.A., Climate Change and Peace (2010) Voices for a Culture of Peace, SGI-USA Distinguished Speakers Series, pp. 34-53. , Santa Monica, CA: Culture of Peace Press; Moore, H., Russell, J.K., (2011) Organizing Cools the Planet: Tools and Reflections to Navigate the Climate Crisis, , Oakland, CA: PM Press; Nisbet, M.C., Hixon, M.A., Moore, K.D., Nelson, M., Four Cultures: New Synergies for Engaging Society on Climate Change (2010) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8, pp. 329-331; Page, J., (2008) Peace Education: Exploring Ethical and Philosophical Foundations, , Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing; Parenti, C., (2011) Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence, , New York: Nation Books; Ride, A., Bretherton, D., (2011) Community Resilience in Natural Disasters, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Rosenthal, E., Race is on as Ice Melt Reveals Arctic Treasures (2012) New York Times, , September 18; Smith, B., Fighting Doom: The New Politics of Climate Change (2010) Common Dreams, , http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/11/23-1, November 23; Smith, D.C., Carson, T.R., (1998) Educating for a Peaceful Future, , Toronto: Kagan and Woo; Solnit, R., (2010) A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities that Arise in Disaster, , New York: Penguin Books; Strauss, V., Seattle Teachers Face Sanctions for Refusing to Give Standardized Test (2013) Washington Post, , February 6; Verhagen, F.C., Contextual Sustainability Education: Towards an Integrated Educational Framework for Social and Ecological Peace (2004) Educating for a Culture of Social and Ecological Peace, pp. 53-76. , Wenden Anita L., (ed), Albany, NY: Suny Press; Wenden, A.L., Introduction: Integrating Education for Social and Ecological Peace – The Educational Context (2004) Educating for a Culture of Social and Ecological Peace, pp. 1-29. , Wenden Anita L., (ed), Albany, NY: Suny Press},
correspondence_address1={Amster, R.; Justice and Peace Studies Program, United States},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={17400201},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Peace Educ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Hanappi20141,
author={Hanappi, H.},
title={South-East Europe in evolution},
journal={South-East Europe in Evolution},
year={2014},
pages={1-235},
doi={10.4324/9781315758909},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944598814&doi=10.4324%2f9781315758909&partnerID=40&md5=64960e166b96facf2353f4a1d038d5ff},
affiliation={Vienna Institute for Political Economy Research (VIPER), Austria},
abstract={Recent developments in the global economy, such as the Greek budget crisis, have led to new focus on the role of Europe, and in particular on the countries in Europe's south-eastern region. This new volume from a global set of contributors explores south-east Europe's present and future direction, placing it in the context of the history of the region since the end of the Second World War. Through an exploration of Europe's cultural and political economy, this volume argues that the south-east part of Europe is currently the most crucial component of Europe's future development. The book charts the post-World War Two 'evolution' of the continent, taking in such key turning points as the 1971 breakdown of the fixed exchange rate system, the breakdown of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, and the 2008 global financial collapse. In doing so, the book seeks to explain why and how the current events in south-east Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean can be seen as the weakest points in the wider capitalist system in Europe, and how the issues faced by these regions can provide insight into a possible re-design of European governance. Including a comprehensive editorial introduction, this timely and important book is fully up to date with recent global events, including the 2011 Arab Spring, and provides context and comparison with the countries in the EU. © 2015 Hardy Hanappi. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Hanappi, H.; Vienna Institute for Political Economy Research (VIPER)Austria},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781315758909; 9780415524254},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={South-East Eur. in Evol.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gumbo2014572,
author={Gumbo, B.G.},
title={Southern African liberation wars: The halting development of tourism in Botswana, 1960s-1990s},
journal={South African Historical Journal},
year={2014},
volume={66},
number={3},
pages={572-587},
doi={10.1080/02582473.2014.902493},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897304199&doi=10.1080%2f02582473.2014.902493&partnerID=40&md5=debbb45084cc54c646bcd20353351e92},
affiliation={University of Botswana, Botswana},
abstract={In recent years, tourism has attracted the attention of many scholars in development literature. In Botswana, as elsewhere, the dominant theme in the literature has, invariably, been the emphasis on the argument that the tourism industry is a conduit of development of the rural economies and also enables developing countries to participate in the global economy. While this is not in dispute, the literature is silent on the history of the development of the tourism industry in Botswana with specific reference to the impact on the nascent industry of the southern African liberation wars in the Chobe area. The article argues that the political violence resulting from the liberation wars between 1966 and 1980 delayed the development of the Botswana tourist industry as the Chobe tourist destination was turned into a theatre of war. In having to pay more attention to the security threat, the Botswana government gave less attention to tourism development. Meanwhile, the local and international media made headlines about the war incidents in the Chobe District, painting a gloomy picture on the potential of the industry and deterring tourists. © 2014 Southern African Historical Society.},
author_keywords={Botswana;  Chobe district;  Destabilisation;  Rhodesian army;  South African defence force;  Southern African liberation wars;  Tourism development},
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Roder, ed., Waltham: African Studies Association; Hartland-Thunberg, P., (1978) Botswana: An African Growth Economy, pp. 1-10. , Boulder: Westview Press; Dale, R., Not Always So Placid a Place: Botswana Under Attack (1987) African Affairs, 86 (342), p. 90; (1964) The Rhodesia Herald, , Friday 16 October; Magole, L.I., Gojamang, O., The Dynamics of Tourist Visitation to National Parks and Game Reserves in Botswana (2005) Botswana Notes and Records, 37, pp. 80-96; (2006) Botswana Review, p. 61. , 26th Edition, Gaborone: B&T Directories (Pty) Ltd; (1990) Tourism Policy, , Gaborone: Government Printer; Mgadla, P.T., (2013) Forbidden Pastures: Private Social Clubs and Racial Discrimination in the Bechuanaland Protectorate on the Eve of Independence: Francistown Club and Others, , paper presented at History Seminar, University of Botswana, 21 November; Pfotenhauer, L., Introduction (1991) Tourism in Botswana, Proceedings of a Symposium held in Gaborone, p. 1. , L. Pfotenhauer, ed., 15-19 October 1990, Gaborone: The Botswana Society; Kulindwa, K., Solovele, H., Mashindano, O., (2001) Tourism Growth for Sustainable Development in Tanzania, , Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press; Mbaiwa, J.E., The Socio-economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development on the Okavango Delta, North-western Botswana (2003) Journal of Arid Environments, 53, pp. 447-467; Mbaiwa, J.E., Darkoh, M.B.K., (2006) Tourism and Environment in the Okavango, Botswana, , Gaborone: Pula Press; Tjibae, M., Theophilus, I.K., Analysis of Problem Animal Control and Compensation Scheme (1997) Proceedings of an National Conference on Conservation and Management of Wildlife in Botswana: Strategies for the Twenty First Century, pp. 285-291. , F. Monggae, 13th-17th October 1997, Gaborone: The Kalahari Conservation Society; International Court of Justice, Case concerning Kasikili-Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia), Summary of the Judgement of 13 December 1999, , www.icj-icj-org; Neumayer, E., The Impact of Political Violence (2004) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48 (2), pp. 259-281; Richter, L.K., Political Instability and Tourism in the Third World (1992) Tourism and the Less Developed Countries, pp. 35-46. , D. 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Rhodesian War evokes Kasane Employment Cut (1977) Daily News, , Monday 28 March; Timothy, D.J., (2001) Tourism and Political Boundaries, pp. 20-21. , Oxon: Routledge; (1978) National Development Plan NDP 5, 1979-1985, p. 220. , Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning; Heath, R., Tourism in Zimbabwe: Some Important Experiences during the Last Decade Tourism in Botswana, p. 116. , Pfotenhauer; Chebures, B.J., An Overview of Tourism in Kenya: The Last Decade Tourism in Botswana, pp. 87-97. , Pfotenhauer; (1978) National Development Plan NDP 5, 1979-1985, p. 220. , Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning; Morapedi, W.G., Gumbo, B., (2013) Schisms in Zimbabwean Anti-Colonial Movements in Botswana, 1959-1979, , paper presented at History Department seminar, University of Botswana, 7 March; (1985) National Development Plan 6, 1985-1991, p. 256. , Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning; Selby, H., Hunting as a Component of Tourism in Botswana Tourism in Botswana, pp. 370-374. , Pfotenhauer; Mowforth, M., Munt, I., (1998) Tourism and Sustainability: Development and New Tourism in the Third World, p. 49. , London: Routledge; Navigating the way to development (2008) New Agenda: South African Journal of Social and Economic Policy, 31, p. 5. , is borrowed from the editorial in Ben Turok (ed.); Introduction (1989) Tourism Statistics 1989, , Government of Botswana, Gaborone: Central Statistics Office; Heath, R., Tourism in Zimbabwe Tourism in Botswana, p. 116. , Pfotenhauer; Sebudubudu, D., The Institutional Framework of The Developmental State in Botswana (2005) The Potentiality of ‘Developmental States’ in Africa: Botswana and Uganda Compared, pp. 79-89. , Dakar: CODESRIA; Samatar, A.I., (1999) An African Miracle: State and Class Leadership and Colonial Legacy in Botswana Development, , Portsmouth: Heinemann; Edighebi, O., Shaisana, O., Masilela, T., Envisioning a Democratic Developmental State in South Africa (2008) New Agenda: South African Journal of Social and Economic Policy, 31, pp. 35-41; Akama, J.S., The Role of Government in the Development of Tourism in Kenya (2002) International Journal of Tourism Research, 4, pp. 1-13; (1997) Vision 2016, Towards Prosperity for All: Long Term Vision for Botswana, p. 47. , Gaborone: Presidential Task Group, September; Bolaane, M.M., Kanduza, A., Critical Factors in Cultiural Tourism in Botswana (2008) Botswana Notes and Records, 39, pp. 54-61; (2008) This is Botswana, , Essex: Land & Marine; Sebudubudu, D., The Institutional Framework of the Developmental State in Botswana, p. 85; (1985) National Development Plan NDP 6, 1985-1991, p. 259. , Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, December; (2010), http://www.hatab.bw/Documents, accessed 15 April; (1991) National Development Plan NDP 7, 1991-1997, p. 298. , Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning; Enterprising Ditshwane Ventures into Tourism Industry (2001) Daily News, , 21 June; Chetty, L.-R., A Vision for an African Infrastructure Agenda (2013) Mmegi, , 30 April; (2009) Tourism Statistics 2006-2009, pp. 4-6. , Gaborone: Department of Tourism; Pricey Botswana Lodges Stir Worry about Impact on Tourism (2013) Sunday Standard, , 11-17 August; Swatuk, L.A., Toward a "New Tourism" for Southern Africa: Reflections on the Political Economy of Underdevelopment and Political, Legal and Institutional Mechanisms for Positive Change (2008) Botswana Notes and Records, 39, pp. 125-137; Mswete, N., Mavondo, F.T., Problems Facing the Tourism Industry in Botswana (2003) Botswana Notes and Records, 35, pp. 69-77; Good, K., The State and Extreme Poverty in Botswana: The San and Destitute (1999) The Journal of Modern African Studies, 37 (2), pp. 185-205; Bolaane, M.M., Kanduza, A., Critical Factors in Cultural Tourism in Botswana (2008) Botswana Notes and Records, 39, pp. 53-61},
correspondence_address1={Gumbo, B.G.; University of BotswanaBotswana; email: gumbo@mopipi.ub.bw},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={02582473},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={S. Afr. Hist. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bowden2014222,
author={Bowden, S. and Sadler, A.},
title={Health expectations and health achievements: Respiratory tuberculosis in the global economy between 1950 and 1980-a developing economy perspective},
journal={Journal of International Development},
year={2014},
volume={26},
number={2},
pages={222-245},
doi={10.1002/jid.2964},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896699935&doi=10.1002%2fjid.2964&partnerID=40&md5=cb251f6fd9624097a2f2f167871460be},
affiliation={Department of Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom},
abstract={In the early post-war years, tuberculosis could be prevented, identified and cured. This paper is about why that promise was not realised. We have collated evidence on the morbidity and mortality problem over a wider range of countries than previously explored. This revealed a divided world in which some people were denied release from the disease. We consider the extent to which development itself creates the condition in which the disease spreads, by assessing how and why the emerging markets experienced and dealt with the disease. Finally, we consider why so many peoples in the developing world continued to contract the disease and die. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
author_keywords={Developing economy;  Health;  Respiratory tuberculosis},
keywords={developing world;  disease spread;  global economy;  morbidity;  mortality;  tuberculosis},
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(New York: Palgrave Macmillan); Bates, B., (1992) Bargaining for Life: A Social History of Tuberculosis, 1876-1938, , University of Pennsylvania Press; Bhagi, R.P., Changed face of tuberculosis in the new millennium: a 50 year overview (2001) Indian Journal of Tuberculosis., 48, pp. 117-118; Black, M., (1986), Children and the Nations; The Story of UNICEF (available via UNICEF website); Bloom, D.E., Canning, D., Weston, M., The value of vaccination (2005) World Economics, 6 (3), p. 22; Borgdorff, M.W.F.K., Broekmans, J.F., Interventions to reduce tuberculosis mortality and transmission in low- and middle-income countries (2002) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, pp. 217-227; Brimnes, N., BCG vaccination and WHO's global strategy for tuberculosis control 1948-1983 (2008) Social Science & Medicine, 67 (5), pp. 863-873; Bryder, L., (1988) Below the Magic Mountain: A Social History of Tuberculosis in Nineteenth Century Britain, , Clarendon Pres: Oxford [Oxfordshire]; Bulla, A., Global review of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the world 1961-1971 (1977) World Health Statistics Report, 30 (1), pp. 2-38; Burnet, E., General principles governing the prevention of tuberculosis (1932) Quarterly Bulletin of the Health Organisation, 1 (4), pp. 493-657; Comstock, G.W., Advances toward the conquest of tuberculosis (1980) Public Health Reports, 95 (5), pp. 444-450; Cutler, D., Deaton, A., Lleras-Murray, A., The determinants of mortality (2006) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20 (3), pp. 97-120; Daniel, T.M., (1997) Captain of Death: The Story of Tuberculosis, , NY, University of Rochester Press: Rochester; Dormandy, T., (1999) The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis, , The Hambledon Press: London; Drolet, G., Lowell, A., Tuberculosis mortality among children: the last stage; a statistical review of the 1950-1959 decade in Canada, the United States (1962) England and Wales, and France CHEST, 42 (4), pp. 364-371; Dubos, R., Dubos, J., (1952) The White Plague: Tuberculosis, Man and Society, , Little, Brown and Company: Boston; Fitzgibbon, B., (1993), EPI implementation in Togo' in Stanley O. Foster (ed), Immunization in 12 African Countries 1982-1993, United States Agency for International Development, Africa Regional Project (698-0421), United States Agency for International Development, Chapter 4; Foster, S.O., (1993), Critical elements in EPI implementation', in Stanley O. Foster (ed), Immunization in 12 African Countries 1982-1993, United States Agency for International Development, Africa Regional Project (698-0421), United States Agency for International Development; Grzybowski, S., (1972), BCG in developing versus developed countries', Section IV in Status Of Immunization In Tuberculosis In 1971: Report Of A Conference On Progress To Date; Future Trends And Research Needs, 26-28 October 1971, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 72-68 and Fogarty International Center Proceedings No. 14, Table8, 131; Gulaid, L.A., (1993), Immunization in Africa: achievements, challenges, resources'. in Stanley O. Foster (ed), Stanley O. Foster (ed), Immunization in 12 African Countries 1982-1993, United States Agency for International Development, Africa Regional Project (698-0421), United States Agency for International; Hong, Y.P., Kim, S.J., Lee, E.G., Lew, W.J., Bai, J.Y., 'Treatment of bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis at the chest clinics in the private sector in Korea, 1993 (1999) The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 3 (8), pp. 695-702. , August; India Statistics. (n. d.) Public Health Statistics; Kamat, S.R., Dawson, J.J.Y., Devaddatta, S., Fox, W., Janardhanam, B., Radhakrishna, S., Ramakrishnan, C.V., Velu, S., A controlled study of the influence of segregation of tuberculous patients for one year on the attack rate of tuberculosis in a 5-year period in close family contacts in South India (1966) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 34 (4), pp. 517-532; (1966) Medical Care in Developing Countries, , King M. (ed.). (Lusaka and London: Oxford University Press); Lucas, R., On the mechanics of economic development (1988) Journal of Economic Theory, 4, pp. 103-124; McDougall, J.B., (1945), Tuberculosis in Greece, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, Health Division, Epidemiological Information and Vital Statistics Report, I, 20, November 30th); Milstien, J., (1993), Tuberculosis, the immunological basis for immunization series, WHO Global Programme For Vaccines And Immunization: Expanded Programme On Immunization (WHO: Geneva, 1993), WHO/EPI/GEN/93.15; Murray, C., Resource allocation priorities: value for money in tuberculosis control (1994) Tuberculosis: Back to the Future, 9, pp. 193-208. , In JDH Porter and KPWJ McAdam (eds.) Chapter; Nair, S., (1954), Morbidity and mortality statistics regarding tuberculosis in India' Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, December; (1947), National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis Tuberculosis in the Commonwealth 1947: Complete Transactions of the Commonwealth and Empire Health and Tuberculosis Conference, London, July, 1947; Olukunie, A., The impact of urbanization and industrialization on health conditions: the case of Nigeria (1987) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 40 (1), pp. 74-83; Ott, K., (1996) Fevered Lives: TB in American Culture Since 1870, , Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Mass; London; Oya-Sawyer, D., Fernandez-Castilla, R., de Melo, R.L., Monte-Mor, R., The impact of urbanization and industrialization on mortality in Brazil (1987) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 40 (1), pp. 84-95; Tuberculosis in the Americas, Part 1 (1981) Epidemiological Bulletin, 2 (5), pp. 1-6. , Pan American Health Organisation; Tuberculosis in the Americas, part II (1981) Epidemiological Bulletin, 2 (6), pp. 1-4. , Pan American Health Organisation; Review of mortality and morbidity in the English speaking Caribbean, 1970-1980 (1981) Epidemiological Bulletin, 2 (3), pp. 1-5. , Pan American Health Organisation; The tuberculosis situation in Argentina (1983) Epidemiological Bulletin, 4 (3), pp. 8-10. , Pan American Health Organisation; Tuberculosis in Chile (1985) Epidemiological Bulletin, 6 (1), pp. 9-11. , Pan American Health Organisation; Phillips, D.R., (1988) The Epidemiological Transition in Hong Kong; Changes in Health and Disease since the Nineteenth Century, , Centre of Asian Studies: University of Hong Kong; Pritchett, L., Summers, L.H., Wealthier is healthier (1996) Journal of Human Resources, 31 (4), pp. 841-868; Raviglione, M., Nunn, P.P., Kochi, A., O'Brien, R.J., The pandemic of HIV-associated tuberculosis (1996) AIDS in the World II; Global Dimensions, Social Roots and Responses, pp. 87-96. , In, Mann, J, Tarantola D (eds). Oxford University Press, Chapter 5; Reingold, A.L., Phares, C.R., Mills, A.J., Infectious diseases (2006) International Public Health: Diseases, Programs, Systems and Policies, , In, 2nd edition, Merson, MH, Black, RE, eds.). James and Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, Massachusetts, Chapter 4; Riley, J.C., (2001) Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge: New York, Chapter 4; Rothman, S., (1994) Living in the Shadow of Death: Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in America, , New York, Basic Books); Roworth, M., Beck, S., Christie, P., Ahmed, S., Ramsay, C., (2002), Time to abandon routine school BCG immunisation in Scotland? Health Protection Scotland, Weekly Report Articles, 36, 38 24th September; Seung, K.J., Bai, G.H., Kim, S.J., Lew, W.J., Park, S.K., Kim, J.Y., The treatment of tuberculosis in South Korea (1999) International Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Disease, 7 (10), pp. 912-919; Smith, F.B., (1988) The Retreat of Tuberculosis, 1850-1950, , Croom Helm, London); Snider, D.E., Tuberculosis: the world situation: history of the disease and efforts to combat it (1994) Tuberculosis: Back to the Future, , In, Porter, JDH, McAdam KPWJ (Eds). John Wiley: Chichester, Chapter 1, 19; (1957), Statistical Abstract, India, 1955-1956, No. 6 (New Delhi; A concurrent comparison of home and sanatorium treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in south India (1959) Bulletin of World Health Organization, 21, pp. 51-145. , Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras; Teller, M., (1985) The Tuberculosis Moment, , New York: Routledge; (2007), http://esa.un.org/unup, United Nations, Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision, The Revision Population Database (on line); United Nations, Population Division, Demographic Yearbook, annual; United Nations, Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Far East, annual; Wakamatsu, E., Oka, H., Kumabe, H., Kobayashi, A., The trend of tuberculosis in Japan during the period 1953-64; comparison of the results of tuberculosis prevalence surveys (1969) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 41, pp. 115-136; (1998), WHO, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Changing Patterns of Disease and their Impact on WHO Collaborative Programmes', EMRO Technical Papers Series 5, Alexandria, Egypt, WHO-EM/CDS/55/E/G/09.98/1000; Wiles, F.J., (1947), The effect of tuberculosis in the Bantu. In National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis in the Commonwealth: 1947 complete transactions of the Commonwealth and Empire Health and Tuberculosis Conference, London July; (1950), World Health Organisation, Expert Committee on Tuberculosis, Report on the Fourth Session, WHO, Geneva), Technical Report Series No. 7; (1951), World Health Organisation, Expert Committee on Tuberculosis, Report on the Fifth Session, April (WHO, Geneva), Technical Report Series No. 32; (1960), World Health Organisation, Expert Committee on Tuberculosis, Seventh Report, WHO, Geneva), Technical Report Series No. 195; (1974), 27 (9), pp. 563-570. , World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Report; (1982), World Health Organisation, Tuberculosis Control, Report of a Joint IUAT/WHO Study Group, Technical Report Series 671, WHO: Geneva, Geneva; (1998), World Health Organisation, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Changing Patterns of Disease and their Impact on WHO Collaborative Programmes. EMRO Technical Papers Series 5, Alexandria, Egypt), WHO-EM/CDS/55/E/G/09.98/1000.); (2005), World Health Organisation, Economics of immunization: a guide to the literature and other resources, WHO: Geneva, WHO/V&B/04.02.); Communicable diseases in Africa: Some Facts and Figures (1959) Chronicle, 13 (2), pp. 80-83. , Word Health Organisation; Tuberculosis: A Period of transition (1959) Chronicle, 13 (4), pp. 169-171. , Word Health Organisation; Tuberculosis in Africa (1960) Chronicle, 15 (11), pp. 406-410. , Word Health Organisation; Health in the Americas (1962) Chronicle, 16 (5), pp. 151-159. , Word Health Organisation; Notifiable diseases in the Americas, 1949-1958 (1961) Chronicle, 15 (4), pp. 133-141. , Word Health Organisation; Health in member states (1965) Chronicle, 19 (7), pp. 269-272. , Word Health Organisation; World Health Organisation, Statistics, Annual; World Health Organisation, n. d-b.) Chronicle; (1974), 27 (3-4), pp. 150-188. , World Health Organisation World Health Statistics Report; (1998), World Health Organisation, WHO Report on the Global Tuberculosis Epidemic (WHO: Geneva, 35; (1970), World Health Statistics Report Special Report on Government Expenditure; Yamaguchi, M., Oka, H., Kumabe, H., Yosano, H., Survey of tuberculosis prevalence in Japan, 1954 (1959) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 21, pp. 145-159; Yamaguchi, M., Oka, H., Kumabe, H., Kobayashi, A., The trend of tuberculosis in Japan during the period 1953-1958 (1962) Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 26 (1), pp. 19-45},
correspondence_address1={Bowden, S.; Department of Economics, , York, United Kingdom; email: Sue.Bowden@york.ac.uk},
issn={09541748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Dev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Włodarczyk201421,
author={Włodarczyk, R.W.},
title={Is there a global currency war?},
journal={Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review},
year={2014},
volume={2},
number={2},
pages={21-30},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109575856&partnerID=40&md5=6039073841ba630ac5c153c8b6440ba5},
affiliation={Department of Theory of Economics, Cracow University of Economics, Poland},
abstract={Objective: The main aim of this article is to identify factors influencing the direction of change in exchange rates and to assess whether it is justifiable to use the term “currency wars” to describe such activities. The main forms of such “currency wars” in contemporary global economy have been characterized and their impact on financial markets and national economies has been analyzed. Research Design & Methods: The method chosen for verification of the hypothesis is the critical analysis of existing literature regarding currency wars. The article also takes advantage of the experiences connected with exchange rate fluctuations in several developed and developing countries in the years 2000-2014. The cases subjected to analysis include changes in currency markets in the USA, Eurozone, Great Britain, Switzerland, Japan, and China. Findings: Both parts of the hypothesis have been confirmed. In the conditions of free capital flow, emerging markets and their financial markets are especially vulnerable to the introduction and removal of tools in the framework of a currency war. It is difficult not to notice that China, the biggest trade partner and the regional competitor to Japan, did not protest publicly against the policy of weakening the yen. On the other hand, one should underline that one should not expect protests from the country which pursues a similar strategy, albeit by means of other instruments and tools. Implications & Recommendations: Only the biggest central banks can afford to participate in a currency war, which might provide transient advantages, whereas emerging markets are on the losing side, both in the period of implementation of currency war tools and in the period of their removal. Contribution & Value Added: The paper adds to the literature by combining concepts and presenting them as one multidimensional problem. © 2014, Cracow University of Economics. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Currency wars;  Depreciation;  Financial markets},
references={Angeloni, I., Benassy-Quere, A., Carton, B., Darvas, Z., Destais, Ch, Pisani-Ferry, J., Sapir, A., Vallee, S., Global currencies for tomorrow: A European perspective (2011) Bruegel Blueprint Series/CEPII Research Reports, XIII. , Paris; Bengui, J., (2011) Macro-prudential policy coordination and global regulatory spillovers, , Manuscript, University of Maryland; Bergsten, C.F., (2013) Currency Wars, The Economy of The United States and Reform of The International Monetary System, , Stavros Niarchos Foundation Lecture, May 16; Brahmbhatt, M., Canuto, O., Ghosh, S., (2010) Currency Wars Yesterday and Today, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/10116, World Bank, Washington, DC. World Bank; Darvas, Z., Piasni-Ferry, J., The threat of "currency wars": A European perspective (2010), Working Paper. BCE Matematikai Kôzgazdasâgtan és Gazdasâgelemzés tanszék, Budapest; Eichengreen, B., (2013) Currency War or International Policy Coordination?, , University of California, Berkeley; Gagnon, J.E., Currency Wars (2013) The Milken Institute Review, 15 (1), pp. 47-55. , Gros, D. (2010). Currency Wars Intereconomics, 6, 338-339; Jach, K., The concept of currency wars in the global economy. Observations of the renminbi, american dollar and euro (2013) Horyzonty Polityki, 4 (7), pp. 175-191; Korinek, A., (2012) Capital Controls and Currency Wars, , Manuscript, University of Maryland; McKinnon, R., Liu, Z., (2013) Modern Currency Wars: The United States versus Japan, , ADBI Working Paper Series 437, October, Asian Development Bank Institute; Persson, T., Tabellini, G., Double-edged incentives: Institutions and policy coordination (1995) Handbook of Development Economics, , Elsevier; Portes, R., Monetary policies and exchange rates at the zero lower bound (2012) Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 44, pp. 157-163; Qiao, H., Exchange rate changes and trade balances under the dollar standard (2007) Journal of Policy Modeling, 29, pp. 765-782; Ranaldo, A., Sóderlind, P., Safe haven currencies (2010) Review of Finance, 14 (3), pp. 385-407; Rickards, J., (2012) Wojny walutowe. Nadejście kolejnego globalnego kryzysu, , Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Helion; Włodarczyk, R.W., (2012) Rynek pracy a szoki asymetryczne w unii monetarnej na przykładzie Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej, , Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie},
correspondence_address1={Włodarczyk, R.W.; Cracow University of Economics, ul. Rakowicka 27, Poland; email: robert.wlodarczyk@uek.krakow.pl},
publisher={Cracow University of Economics},
issn={2353883X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Entrep. Bus. Econ. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Shaw2014260,
author={Shaw, T.M.},
title={Continuing crisis: Regional coercion, cooperation and contradiction in Southern Africa},
journal={Studies in the Economic History of Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland},
year={2014},
volume={2},
pages={260-287},
doi={10.4324/9781315035987-18},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079298650&doi=10.4324%2f9781315035987-18&partnerID=40&md5=edb6fee85920dc4bf91f160fa90ad0bd},
affiliation={Dalhousie UniversityNS, Canada},
abstract={The post-war history of Southern Africa has been characterised by a gradual escalation of both conflict and cooperation as the region has become steadily more distinctive in terms of both continental and global contexts (3,3 0,3 7,4 3 and 52). Forty-five years after the Second World War and 30 years after ‘the year of Africa’, 1960, the liberation of the region has progressed towards its ultimate goal: the termination of apartheid and transformation of its political economy. This move­ ment has coincided with the rise and subsequent demise of both European and South African capitalisms: the establishment and expansion of the Bretton Woods economic order until the end of the 1960s and its decline throughout the 1970s, with profound implications for the balance among regional and global economies. The regional dominance of South Africa’s military and industrial infrastructure in the 1960s was succeeded by exponential political and economic change throughout the 1970s: the conjuncture of Soweto rebellion and gold inflation. But the advances of the 1970s were endangered or at least slowed by economic depression and strategic destabilisation. These reversals are reflective of the persistence of contradictions within and between the range of political economies of Southern Africa: national, regional and global. The crises of capitalism and of racism intersect in the region - the new divisions of labour, capital, force and technology - with important implications for political relations and institutions. © 1991 Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.},
references={Adam, H., Uys, S., Eight New Realities in Southern Africa (1985) CSIS Africa Notes, (39). , Feb; Ajala, A., Southern Africa: Any prospects for a revived detente? (1987) Development and Peace, 8 (1); Aluko, O., Shaw, T.M., (1985) Southern Africa in the 1980S, , London: George Allen & Unwin; Amin, S., The Future of South Africa (1977) Journal of Southern African Affairs, 2 (3); Amin, S., (1987) SADCC: Prospects for Disengagement and Development in Southern Africa, , London: Zed for UNU; Anglin, D.G., SADCC after Nkomati (1985) African Affairs, 85 (335); Anglin, D.G., SADCC in the aftermath of the Nkomati Accord (1987) Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa: Regional Directions after the Nkomati Accord, , Ibrahim S.R. Msabaha and Timothy M. Shaw (eds.), Boulder: Westview; Austin, D., (1985) South Africa 1984, , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul for RIIA; Black, D., (1988) Foreign Policy in Small States: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Southern Africa, , Halifax: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies; Botha, J.J., On Tariff Policy: The formative years (1973) South African Journal of Economics, 41 (4); Bowman, L., The Subordinate State System of Southern Africa (1976) Cooperation and Conflict in Southern Africa, , Timothy M. Shaw and Kenneth A. Heard (eds.), Washington: University Press of America; Bukharin, N., (1972) Imperialism and World Economy, , London: Merlin Press; Bunting, B., (1964) The Rise of the South African Reich, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Canadian Policy Toward Southern Africa A Brief Presented to the Right Honourable Joe Clark, Secretary of State for External Affairs, , by the Taskforce on Churches and Corporate Responsibility, 16 May; Cervenka, Z., (1977) The Unfinished Quest for Unity: Africa and the OAU, , London: Friedman; Clark, W., (1984) Cataclysm: The North-South Conflict of 1987, , London: Sidgwick & Jackson; Collings, F., The Rand and the Monetary System of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (1978) Journal of Modern African Studies, 16 (1); Davies, R., (1985) South African Strategy Towards Mozambique in the Post-Nkomati Period, , Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute for African Studies; Desmond, C., South Africas own sanctions’, and Reginald Her bold Green, ‘Sanctions and the SADCC Economies (1987) Third World Affairs 1987, , London: Third World Foundation; Davies, R., O'Meara, D., Total Strategy in Southern Africa: An analysis of South African regional policy since 1978 (1985) Journal of Southern African Studies, 2 (2); El-Khawas, M., Cohen, B., (1975) The Kissinger Study of Southern Africa: National Security M, , Nottingham: Spokesman Books; Evans, M., (1986) The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives, , Harare: University of Zimbabwe; (1984) Focus, (55). , Nov./Dec; Frankel, P.H., (1985) Pretoria's Praetorians: Civil-Military Relations in South Africa, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Goodison, P., Levin, R., The Nkomati Accord: The illusion of peace in Southern Africa University of Liverpool Working Paper Series, (2); Grundy, K., Towards a more acceptable future in Southern Africa Guerilla Struggle in Africa: An Analysis and Preview, p. 1971. , New York: Grossman; Guma, P., The Rand Monetary Area Agreement (1985) South African Journal of Economics, 53 (2); Hanlon, J., (1984) Mozambique: The Revolution under Fire, , London: Zed; Hanlon, J., (1986) Apartheid's Second Front: South Africa’s War against Its Neighbours, , Harmondsworth, Penguin; Hanlon, J., (1986) Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid Power in Southern Africa, , London: James Currey; Harris, L., South Africa’s External Debt Crisis (1986) Third World Quarterly, 8 (3); Hirschman, D., Southern Africa: Detente? (1976) Journal of Modem African Studies, 14 (1); (1987) Southern Africa: Prospects for Peace and Security, , Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff; Isaacs, A.H., South Africa and BLS: A Galtung approach to dependence relations (1988) Nics and the Political Economy of South-South Relations, , Jerker Carlsson and Timothy M. Shaw, London: Macmillan; Jaster, R., (1985) South Africa in Namibia: The Botha Strategy, , Lanham: University Press of America, for CFLA; Jaster, R., South African Defense Strategy and the Growing Influence of the Military (1985) Arms and the Africans: Military Influence on Africa’s International Relations, , William J. Foltz and Henry S. Bienen (eds.), New Haven: Yale University Press; Jaster, R., (1986) South Africa and Its Neighbours: The Dynamics of Regional Conflict, , ondon: International Institute for Strategic Studies, Summer, Adelphi Papas No. 209; Jenkins, S., Regional Stability in Southern Africa (1984) Optima, 32 (2). , July; Johnson, P., Martin, D., (1986) Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War, , Harare: Zimbabwe Publishing House; Kaplan, D., South Africa’s Changing Place in the World Economy (1983) South African Review, pp. 158-170. , Johannesburg: Raven Press; Keenan, J., Trickle-Up: African income and unemployment South African Review, p. 1983. , Johannesburg: Raven Press; Landell-Mills, P.M., The 1969 Southern African Customs Union Agreement (1971) Journal of Modern African Studies, 9 (2); Libby, R.T., (1987) The Politics of Economic Power in Southern Africa, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Lipton, M., (1985) Capitalism and Apartheid, , Aldershot: Gower; Love, J., The Potential Impact of Economic Sanctions Against South Africa (1988) Journal of Modern African Studies, 26 (1); Maasdorp, G., (1982) The Southern African Customs Union — an Assessment. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 2 (1); Martin, R., Regional Security in Southern Africa: More Angolas, Mozambiques or neutrals? (1987) Survival, 29 (5); Meyns, P., SADCC and regional cooperation in Southern Africa (1984) African Regional Organisations, , Domenico Mazzeo (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Minter, W., Schmidt, E., When Sanctions Worked: The case of Rhodesia reexamined (1988) African Affairs, 87 (347); (1986), Harmondsworth: Penguin; Moorsom, R., (1986) The Scope for Sanctions: Economic Measures against South Africa, , London: CIIR; Msabaha, I.S.R., Shaw, T.M., (1987) Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa: Regional Directions after the Nkomati Accord, , Boulder: Westview; Munslow, B., (1983) Mozambique: The Revolution and Its Origins, , London: Longman; Nkomati Accord (1984) Journal of African Marxists, (6); Nolutshungu, S.C., (1975) South Africa in Africa, , Manchester: Manchester University Press; Nsekela, A., (1984) Southern Africa: Towards Economic Liberation, , London: Rex Collin gs; O'Meara, D., Militarization and Development in Southern Africa Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security, p. 1987. , Paul Rogers et al, ‘Working Paper: Conference on militarization in the Third World’, Ottawa, Jan; Padayachee, V., Private International Banks, the Debt Crisis and the Apartheid State, 1982-1985 (1988) African Affairs, 87 (348); Price, R.M., Security Versus Growth: The international factor in South African policy (1987) The Annuals, (489); Robson, P., Economic Integration in Southern Africa (1967) Journal of Modem African Studies, 5 (4); Sampson, A., (1987) Black and Gold: Tycoons, Revolutionaries and Apartheid, , London: Coronet; Saul, J., Arrighi, G., (1973) Essays on the Political Economy of Africa, , New York: Monthly Review; Cenarios for South Africa (1985) The Economist, 296 (7407), pp. 17-18. , 17 Aug; Schatzberg, M.G., (1984) Political Economy Cf Zimbabwe, , New York: Praeger; Sefali, M., United States and South African Regional Policy in Southern Africa: A preliminary overview of Nkomati Accord (1981) UN Council for Namibia Regional Symposium on South Africa’s Illegal Occupation of Namibia, , Arusha; Sejanamane, M.M., The Crisis of Apartheid: South Africa and destabilisation in Southern Africa (1985) Daihousie African Working Papers, (5); Sejanamane, M.M., Shaw, T.M., Southern Africa: Path-breaking and peace-breaking (1987) Third World Affairs 1987, , London: Third World Foundation; Shaw, T.M., (1986) Southern Africa in Crisis: An Analysis and Bibliography, , Halifax: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies; South Africa: A decade of attrition (1987) The World in 1988, p. 76. , London: Economist Intelligence Unit; (1975), Johannesburg; Southern Africa: The crisis continues (1987) Review of African Political Economy, (40). , Dec; Southern Africa in crisis (1986) African Journal of Political Economy, 1; Southall, R., Regional Trends and South Africas Future (1985) Africa Projected: From Recession to Renaissance by the Year 2000?, , Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko (eds.), London: Macmillan; Johannesburg; Johannesburg; Tostensen, A., (1982) Dependence and Collective Self-Reliance in Southern Africa: The Case of SADCC, , Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Research Report No. 62; Zartman, I.W., Social and Political Trends in Africa in the 1980s (1979) Africa in the 1980S: A Continent in Crisis, , Colin Legum et al., New York: McGraw-Hill},
correspondence_address1={Shaw, T.M.; Dalhousie UniversityCanada},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135198947; 9780714633800},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Stud. in the Economic History of S. Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Swazil.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Tirman20148,
author={Tirman, J.},
title={International relations},
journal={Handbook of US-Middle East Relations: Formative Factors and Regional Perspectives},
year={2014},
pages={8-24},
doi={10.4324/9780203859377-2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076069448&doi=10.4324%2f9780203859377-2&partnerID=40&md5=16583e03d6ecacb4964dc6eaca95ad79},
affiliation={MIT Center for International Studies, United States},
abstract={Two simple and compelling events have focused global attention on the Middle East: the early twentieth-century discovery of petroleum in Saudi Arabia and Iran and, by mid-century, the establishment of the state of Israel and its ongoing conflict with Arab states and peoples in the region. Little else has mattered in the evolving relationships between states near and far. As the global economy became increasingly reliant on petroleum, natural gas, and petrochemicals, the central significance of the region in global politics became indisputable. War has also roiled the region, as have revolution, political oppression, foreign intervention, cultural clashes with the West, and a growing interest in weapons of mass destruction. In short, the vast expanse from Morocco to Iran has witnessed simmering rivalries internally while earning extraordinary attention from the major global powers. © Taylor & Francis 2009. All rights reserved.},
references={Morgenthau, H.J., (1973) Politics among Nations, p. 5. , 5th edn (New York: Knopf; Waltz, K.N., (1979) Theory of International Politics, , Reading, MA: Addison Wesley; Borgwardt, E., (2005) A New Deal for the World: America’s Vision for Human Rights, p. 68. , Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press; Ruggie, J., (1993) Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form, , New York: Columbia University Press; Keohane, R., (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Keck, M., Sikkink, K., (1998) Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Walt, S.M., International Relations: One World, Many Theories (1998) Foreign Policy, (110), pp. 29-46. , Spring; Doyle, M., (1998) Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism, and Socialism, , New York: W. W. Norton; Cahill, K.M., (2004) Human Security for All, , New York: Fordham University Press; Biersteker, T.J., Spiro, P.J., Sriram, C.L., Raffo, V., (2006) International Law and International Relations: Bridging Theory and Practice, , London: Routledge; Hurrell, A., Norms and Ethics in International Relations (2002) Handbook of International Relations, , Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse, and Beth A. Simmons, London: Sage; Thomas, D.C., (2001) The Helsinki Effect: International Norms, Human Rights, and the Demise of Communism, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Evangelista, M., (1999) Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End The Cold War, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Checkel, J.T., (1997) Ideas and International Political Change: Soviet/Russian Behavior and the End of the Cold War, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Risse-Kappen, T., Ideas do not Float Freely: Transnational Coalitions, Domestic Structures, and the End of the Cold War (1994) International Organization, 48 (2), pp. 185-214. , Spring; Wendt, A., (1999) Social Theory of International Politics, p. 31. , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Adler, E., Constructivism and International Relations Social Theory of International Politics, p. 102. , Carlsnaes et al; Cox, R.W., Gramsci, Hegemony, and International Relations: An Essay on Method (1993) Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, p. 61. , Stephen Gill, ed., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Chomsky, N., (2004) Hegemony Or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance, , New York: Holt; Snyder, J., Myths of Empire and Strategies of Hegemony (2006) Lessons of Empire: Imperial Histories and American Power, , Craig Calhoun, Frederick Cooper, and Kevin Moore, New York: The New Press; Weber, C., (1995) Simulating Sovereignty: Intervention, the State, and Symbolic Exchange, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Anderson, B., (1991) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, , 2nd edition, New York: Verso; Gellner, E., (1983) Nations and Nationalism, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Berlin, I., The Bent Twig: On the Rise of Nationalism (1991) Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, pp. 238-261. , H. Hardy, ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kinross, L., (1969) Ataturk, , New York: Morrow; Landau, J., (1984) Ataturk and the Modernization of Turkey, , Boulder, CO: Westview/Brill; Tirman, J., Ataturks Children,” (1997) Boston Review; Dawisha, A.I., (2002) Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Owen, R., (2004) State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, , 3rd edition, London: Routledge; Bromley, S., (1994) Rethinking Middle East Politics: State Formation and Development, , Cambridge: Polity; Cleveland, W., (2004) A History of the Modern Middle East, , 3rd edition, Boulder: Westview; Choueiri, Y., (2000) Arab Nationalism - a History: Nation and State in the Arab World, , Oxford: Blackwell; Sela, A., (1998) The Decline of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Middle East Politics and the Quest for Regional Order, , Albany, NY: SUNY Press; Manela, E., (2007) The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins Ofanticolonial Nationalism, , New York: Oxford University Press; Al-Sayyid, M.K., The Rise and Fall of the United Arab Republic (1998) Middle East Dilemma: The Politics and Economics Ofarab Integration, , Michael Hudson, ed., New York: Columbia University Press; Fromkin, D., (2001) A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, , New York: Henry Holt; Holbrooke, R., Washingtons Battle over Israel’s Birth,” (2008) Washington Post, , May 7; Mearsheimer, J.J., Walt, S.M., (2007) The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy, , New York: Farrar Straus Giroux; Walt, S.M., (1987) The Origins Ofalliances, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Telhami, S., (2003) The Stakes: America and the Middle East, , Westview Press; Barnett, M., Culture, Strategy and Foreign Policy Change: Israel’s Road to Oslo (1999) European Journal of International Relations, 5 (1), pp. 5-36; Shlaim, A., The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process (2005) International Relations of the Middle East, , Louise Fawcett, ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press; Yetiv, S.A., (2008) The Absence of Grand Strategy: The United States in The Persian Gulf, 1972-2005, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Hiro, D., (1991) The Longest War: The Iran-Iraq Military Conflict, , London: Routledge; Gunning, J., Hizbollah Terror, Insurgency, and the State: Ending Protracted Conflicts, , M. Heiberg, B. Oleary, and J. Tirman, Philadelphia: Penn Press, 2006; Katzman, K., Iran: US Concerns and Policy Responses (2006) Congressional Research Service, , November 1; Sagan, S.D., How to Keep the Bomb from Iran (2006) Foreign Affairs, , September/October; Marr, P., (2004) The Modern History of Iraq, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Tripp, C., (2002) A History of Iraq, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Leigh, D., Evans, R., How £1bn was Lost when Thatcher Propped up Saddam (2003) The Guardian, , February 28; Friedman, A., (1995) Spider’s Web: Bush, Saddam, Thatcher and the Decade of Deceit, , Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers; Fawcett, L., Alliances, Cooperation, and Regionalism in the Middle East Spider’s Web: Bush, Saddam, Thatcher and the Decade of Deceit, , Fawcett; Lake, A., Confronting Backlash States (1994) Foreign Affairs, , March/April; Tirman, J., (1997) Spoils of War: The Human Cost of America’s Arms Trade, pp. 218-220. , New York: The Free Press; Von Sponeck, H.C., (2006) A Different Kind of War: The UN Sanctions Regime in Iraq, , Berghahn Books; Hashim, A.S., (2006) Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Iraq, pp. 111-112. , London: Hurst; Record, J., The Bush Doctrine and War with Iraq (2003) Parameters, pp. 4-21. , Spring; Newman, D., Thakur, R., Tirman, J., (2006) Multilateralism under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change, , Tokyo: UN University Press; Jawad, S.N., The Kurdish Question in Iraq: Historical Background and Future Settlement (2008) Contemporary Arab Affairs, 1 (1), pp. 25-41; Nasr, V., (2006) The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future, , New York: W. W. Norton; Tarrow, S., (1998) Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Sambanis, N., (2005) Understanding Civil War: Evidence and Analysis, , Washington: World Bank; Berdal, M., Malone, D., (2000) Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Wiktorowicz, Q., Tessler, M., (2003) Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach, , Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; Sageman, M., (2008) Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century, , Philadelphia, PA: Penn Press; Sageman, M., (2004) Understanding Terror Networks, , Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; Stern, J., (2003) Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill, , New York: HarperCollins; Richardson, L., (2006) What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat, , New York: Random House; Esposito, J., (2002) Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam, , New York: Oxford University Press; Argo, N., (2006) Transnational Violence in the Persian Gulf, , Workshop Report, MIT Center for International Studies, April 20-21; Argo, N., Human Bombs: Rethinking Religion and Terror (2006) Audit of Conventional Wisdom, MIT Center for International Studies, , April; National Security Strategy, , www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss/2006/sectionIII.html, especially Section III, online at; Norton, R.A., The Puzzle of Political Reform in the Middle East National Security Strategy, , Fawcett; Smith, T., (2007) A Pact with the Devil: Washington’s Bid for World Supremacy and the Betrayal of the American Promise, , New York: Routledge; Smith, T., Wilson, Bush, and the Evolution of Liberal Foreign Policy (2008) Audit of Conventional Wisdom, MIT Center for International Studies; Chenoweth, E., Democratic Pieces: Democratization and the Origins of Terrorism (2008) Coping with Contemporary Terrorism: Origins, Escalation, and Responses, , William R. Thompson and Rafael Reuveny, Buffalo, NY: SUNY Press; Riedel, B., Al Qaeda Strikes Back (2007) Foreign Affairs, , www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86304/bruce-riedel/al-qaeda-strikes-back.html, May/June; Faludi, S., (2007) The Terror Dream: Fear and Fantasy in Post-9/11 America, , New York: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt; Slotkin, R., (1973) Regeneration through Violence; Mueller, J., (2006) Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats, and Why We Believe Them, , New York: The Free Press; Yergin, D., (1991) The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Stoff, M.B., (1980) Oil, War, and American Security: The Search for a National Policy on Foreign Oil, 1941-47, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Adelman, M., (1996) The Genie out of the Bottle: World Oil since 1970, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Klare, M.T., (2005) Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America’s Growing Dependency on Imported Oil, , New York: Macmillan; Gendzier, I., Oil, Iraq and US foreign policy in the Middle East (2003) Situation Analysis, 2, pp. 18-28. , Spring; Katzenstein, P.J., International Relations and Domestic Structures: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States (1976) International Organization, 30 (1), pp. 1-45. , Winter; Westing, A.H., (1986) Global Resources and International Conflict, , New York: Oxford University Press; Carl Brown, L., (2004) Diplomacy in The Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and outside Powers, , London: I. B. Taurus; Amsden, A., (2007) Escape from Empire: The Developing World’s Journey through Heaven and Hell, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
correspondence_address1={Tirman, J.; MIT Center for International StudiesUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135165925; 9781857434996},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Handb. of US-Middle East Relations: Formative Factors and Regional Perspectives},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor20141,
title={Introduction},
journal={Progress in Industrial Geography},
year={2014},
pages={1-9},
doi={10.4324/9781315886671},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066244669&doi=10.4324%2f9781315886671&partnerID=40&md5=695fe3b038b950cef157123217a54cce},
abstract={The scope of industrial geography has changed greatly over the present century, The early emphasis on the location of manufacturing industry and on commodity flows has been enlarged, in the post-war period, in response to a number of wider social and economic changes, These include the growing importance of service industries, the growth of multinational and multiplant enterprises, increased direct government involvement in national economies, and the pervasive influence of the global economy on economic change at all scales, In Chapter 1 Bill Lever examines the major theoretical developments underlying modern industrial geography by considering, in turn, neo-classical models, behavioural theories of industrial decision-making, and the more recent structural approach, Attention is also given to methodological questions related to data availability, A discussion of the early theoretical work on industrial location and subsequent extensions of the basic models is followed by a detailed assessment of the interrelationships between, and relative importance of, the different cost factors underlying plant location, Recent geographical interest in the spatial variation of profits is also considered, Over the last two decades, however, the idealised assumptions of neoclassical theory have been superseded by the study of entrepreneurial behaviour. This trend may be explained partly by the declining importance of traditional cost factors for larger enterprises and, particularly in the United Kingdom, the increasing distortion of free-market forces by government policy. Firms operate within an environment of risk and uncertainty, and it is suggested that the notion of corporate behaviour as an adaptive response to different environments can be employed to explain both the growth of larger firms and the continued survival of the small-scale sector. For geographers the spatial expression of entrepreneurial decisions remains a focal concern and within this framework the question of the appropriate scale of investigation is of fundamental importance. The difficulty of inferring the organisational behaviour of companies from aggregate-level data is partly overcome by the use of establishment-based data sets and ‘components of change’ analyses which seek to relate employment change to the type and location of establishment. Study of ownership characteristics (e.g. whether locally owned or foreign controlled) can also provide further understanding of regional industrial structure, while studies of individual firms or of cohort groups offer valuable insight into entrepreneurial decisions. In contrast to the ‘geography of enterprise’ perspective underlying behavioural theories the more recent structuralist approach emphasises the links between enterprises and the wider society in which decisions are the outcome of conflict between different power groups (e.g. capital and labour). In essence the structuralist approach does not employ abstract models of the firm, recognises spatial change as a product of non-spatial (structural) forces in the macro-economy, and focuses on particular product markets to explain the behaviour of different types of company. Application of this perspective is illustrated by considering the locational consequences of three types of production reorganisation (intensification, investment and technical change, and rationalisation). Particular attention is given to economic structures within local labour markets dominated by a single industrial employer. It is concluded that while the three major paradigms do represent a chronological development in industrial geography they are not mutually exclusive and elements of each can be usefully employed in the basic task of understanding the location and activity of industry. © 1985 Michael Pacione.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134598731; 0709920725; 9780415707619},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Prog. in Industrial Geography},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kochanowicz2014129,
author={Kochanowicz, J.},
title={The curse of discontinuity: Poland's economy in a global context, 1820-2000},
journal={Jahrbuch fur Wirtschaftsgeschichte},
year={2014},
volume={55},
number={1},
pages={129-147},
doi={10.1515/jbwg-2014-0005},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84993858173&doi=10.1515%2fjbwg-2014-0005&partnerID=40&md5=2a1937740bab8bb7d64def97e05879ca},
affiliation={University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economics, Dluga 44/50, Warsaw, 00-241, Poland},
abstract={This paper argues that historical discontinuity was an important factor in shaping Poland's economic development and her place in the global economy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Several ruptures are identified, relating to insurrections, wars, and political changes and leading to changes in economic regimes. The ruptures and the changes in economic systems led to the destabilization of institutions and made the accumulated social experience irrelevant in new conditions. Economic systems that removed Poland's ties from the world economy hampered the development process by cutting the economy off from broader markets and by making the acquisition of capital and technologies more difficult.},
author_keywords={Discontinuity;  Economic development;  Economic systems;  Poland;  Poland's economy},
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A century of theory, from marx to postcolonialism (1997) The American Historical Review, 102, pp. 388-420; Pomeranz, K., (2000) The Great Divergence, , China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton; Van Zanden, J.L., Early modern economic growth. A survey of the European economy, 1500-1800 (2001) Early Modern Capitalism. Economic and Social Change in Europe, 1400-1800, pp. 67-84. , M. Prak Ed., London; Kochanowicz, J., The polish economy and the evolution of dependency (1989) The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe. Economics & Politics from the Middle Ages Until the Early Twentieth Century, pp. 92-130. , D. Chirot Ed., Berkeley; Gerschenkron, A., On the concept of continuity in history (1962) Continuity in History and Other Essays, pp. 11-39. , Idem, Cambridge/Mass; North, D.C., (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, , Cambridge; Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J.A., (2012) Why Nations Fail. The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty, pp. 70-95. , London; Kieniewicz, S., (1972) Powstanie Styczniowe, pp. 733-743. , Warsaw; Kappeler, A., The Russian empire (2001) A Multiethnic History, , Harlow; Landau, Z., Tomaszewski, J., (1967) Gospodarka Polski Miedzywojennej, 1, p. 36. , Warsaw; Aldcroft, D.H., (1988) Europe's Third World. The European Periphery in the Interwar Years, p. 107. , Aldershot; Snyder, T., (2010) Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin, , Ney York; Kersten, K., Ksztaltowanie stosunków ludnosciowych (1974) Polska Ludowa 1944-1950, p. 77. , F. Ryszka Ed., Przemiany spoleczne, Wroclaw; Madajczyk, Cz., (1970) Polityka III Rzeszy w Okupowanej Polsce, 2, p. 371. , Warsaw; Gross, J.T., Fear. 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correspondence_address1={Kochanowicz, J.; University of Warsaw, Dluga 44/50, Poland; email: kochanowicz@wne.uw.edu.pl},
publisher={Akademie Verlag GMBH},
issn={00752800},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jahrb. Wirtschaftsgesch.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Simmons20141,
author={Simmons, W.P. and Mueller, C.},
title={Human rights: The U.S.-Mexico experience},
journal={Human Rights: The U.S.-Mexico Experience},
year={2014},
pages={1-300},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942886307&partnerID=40&md5=90f98cbdfcec76104c22ce43d3591040},
affiliation={University of Arizona, United States; School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, United States},
abstract={Mexico ranks highly on many of the measures that have proven significant for creating a positive human rights record, including democratization, good health and life expectancy, and engagement in the global economy. Yet the nation's most vulnerable populations suffer human rights abuses on a large scale, such as gruesome killings in the Mexican drug war, decades of violent feminicide, migrant deaths in the U.S. desert, and the ongoing effects of the failed detention and deportation system in the States. Some atrocities have received extensive and sensational coverage, while others have become routine or simply ignored by national and international media. Binational Human Rights examines both well-known and understudied instances of human rights crises in Mexico, arguing that these abuses must be understood not just within the context of Mexican policies but in relation to the actions or inactions of other nations—particularly the United States. The United States and Mexico share the longest border in the world between a developed and a developing nation; the relationship between the two nations is complex, varied, and constantly changing, but the policies of each directly affect the human rights situation across the border. Binational Human Rights brings together explain the mechanisms by which a perfect storm of structural and policy factors on both sides has led to such widespread human rights abuses. © 2014 University of Pennsylvania Press. All rights reserved.},
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New York: Routledge; Turner, H., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental HealThof Children and Adolescents (2006) Social Science & Medicine, 62 (1), pp. 13-27; Ugarte, M.B., Zarate, L., Farley, M., Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States (2003) Journal of Trauma Practice, 2 (3-4), pp. 147-165; Nations, U., (2008) World Drug Report 2008, , Vienna: UN Publication Office; (2005) Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights through Action to Combat Impunity, , http://derechos.org/nizkov/impu/principles.html; (2008) Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants, , U.N. Doc. A/HRC/7/12/Add.2, March 5 (prepared by Jorge Bustamante, Mission to the United States of America); (2003) Diagnóstico Sobre La situación De Derechos Humanos En México, , Oficina dElAlto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos en México; (2007) Criminal Offender Statistics, , http://www.ojp.gov/bjs/crimoff.htm, August 8; (2012), https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html, World Factbook; (1997) Federal Immigration Law Enforcement in the Southwest: Civil Rights Impacts on Border Communities, , LosAngeles: Western Regional Office; (2008) Securing Americans Borders: CBP Fiscal Year 2009 in Review Fact Sheet, , Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 110-252). U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security. 2009, News release, November 24; (2010) Budget-In-Brief, Fiscal Year 2011, , www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budgetbibfy2011.pdf; (2013) Customs and Border Protection, , http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/bordersecurity/borderpatrol/usbpstatistics/usbpfy12stats/staffinggraph2.ctt/staffinggraph2.pdf; (2013) Enacted Border Patrol Program Bud Get by Fiscal Year, , http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/usbp_statistics/usbp_fy12stats; (2007) 2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mexico, , http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100646.htm; Country; President Bush Attends Council of the Americas (2008) Office of the Press Secretary, News Release, May, p. 7; (2010) Mexico-Mérida Initiative Report, , September 2; (2012) Mexico-Merida Initiative Report, , August 30; (2006) Illegal Immigration: Border-Crossing Deaths have Doubled since 1995; Border Patrols Efforts to Prevent Deaths have Not Been Fully Evaluated, , GAO-06-770, Washington, D.C; (2009) Secure Border Initiative: Technology Deployment Delays Persist and the Impact of Border Fencing has Not Been Assessed, , GAO-09-896, September, Washington, D.C; (2009) Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 3288, , http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111congreports&docid=f:hr366.111.pdf, Report 111-366, December 8, 1487; (2008) Country Profile: Mexico, , http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Mexico.pdf, July; Joint Task Force North, , http://www.jtfn.northcom.mil/subpages/mission.html; (1994) Border Patrol Strategic Plan 1994 and Beyond: National Strategy, , July; (2004) National Border Patrol Strategy, , http://www.customs.gov/linkhandler/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/national_bp_strategy.ctt/national_bp_strategy.pdf, U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 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Washington Office on Latin; (2009) Mexican and U.S. Human Rights Organizations Call on the U.S. Government to Withhold Mérida Initiative Funding for Mexico, , July 16. Washington; (2010) Congress: Withhold Funds for Mexico Tied to Human Rights per Formance, , September 14. Washington; (2011) Members of U.S. Congress Urge Secretary Clinton to Raise Human Rights Concerns with Mexico, , March 3; (2012) U.S. Congress Calls on Secretary Clinton to Request Information Related to Human Rights in Mexico, , July 5; (2012) Memo to the U.S. Department of State, , http://www.wola.org/sites/default/files/downloadable/Mexico/2012/Merida%20MemoJune%2025%202012%20FINAL.pdf, June 25; Diana, W.V., (2006) Harvest of Women: Safari in Mexico, , LosAngeles: Peace at the Border Publishing; Watkins, T., Economic, , San Jose University, Department of Economics; Weisman, J., Savage, C., Eric Holder Found in Contempt of Congress (2012) New York Times, , June 28; White, M., Look FIRST from a Gender Perspective: NAFTA and the FTAA (2004) Gender & Development, 12 (2), pp. 44-52; (2009) Press Conference by President Obama, President Calderón of Mexico, and Prime Minister Harper of Canada, Cabanas Cultural Center, Guadalajara, Mexico, August 10; (2007) Remarks by President Bush, Prime Minister Harper of Canada, and President Calderón of Mexico in a Joint Press Report, , August 21; Wilkinson, T., ‘ElChapo Has Left the Building.” (2008) Los Angeles Times, , November 3; Williams, P., (2009) Drug Trafficking, Violence, and the State in Mexico, , http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=913, Strategic Studies Institute United States Army War College; Williams, P., Illicit Markets, Weak States and Violence: Iraq and Mexico (2009) Crime, Law and Social Change, 52 (3), pp. 323-336; Wright, M.W., A Manifesto Against Femicide (2001) Antipode, 33 (3), pp. 550-566; Wright, M.W., From Protests to Politics: Sex Work, Womens Worth, and Ciudad Juárez Modernity.” (2004) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94 (2), pp. 369-386; Wright, M.W., Femicide, Mother-Activism, and the Geography of Protest in Northern Mexico (2007) Urban Geography, 28, pp. 401-425; Wright, M.W., Feminism and a Feeling of Justice (2010) Progress in Human Geography, 34, pp. 818-827; Wright, M.W., Necropolitics, Narcopolitics, and Femicide: Gendered Violence on the Mexico-U.S. Border (2011) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 36 (3), pp. 707-731; Zepeda, E., Wise, T.A., Gallagher, K.P., (2009) Rethinking Trade Policy for Development: Lessons from Mexico under NAFTA, , Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace},
publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press},
isbn={9780812209983; 9780812246285},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hum. Tights: The U.S.-Mexico Experience},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nishimura201473,
author={Nishimura, S.},
title={International knowledge transfer in a multinational enterprise: General Electric's patent system in Japan until the 1950s},
journal={Entreprises et Histoire},
year={2014},
volume={75},
number={2},
pages={73-90},
doi={10.3917/eh.075.0073},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927931829&doi=10.3917%2feh.075.0073&partnerID=40&md5=21823438ced2d45a97691b0be7e8c6bc},
affiliation={Department of Business History, Kansai University, Japan},
abstract={When and how was General Electric's international patent transfer system to Japan changed? At first, General Electric (GE) controled its Japanese patents directly. Since the 1920s, however, GE entrusted patent administration to its affiliated companies and GE patents were filed and registered in the names of affiliated companies. This type of patent transfer system depended upon affiliated foreign companies' patent departments. The organization of patent transfer was provided by pre-war international agreements, which arranged exchanges of exclusive licenses, defined respective territories, and covered broad product lines. However, pre-war contracts were voided by antitrust lawsuits and, more decisively, U.S. government foreign policy and government-aided research. Changes in the contracts forced the patent and technological transfer organization to change. After World War II, GE patents were registered in the name of GE. Although GE entrusted patent administration to the patent department of an affiliated company, GE began using external patent agents and directly controled Japanese patents once again beginning in 1958. The patent transfer organization developed with the evolution of the global economy and the growth of state power.},
references={Jones, G., (2005) Multinationals and Global Capitalism: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-first Century, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Cantwell, J., The globalization of technology: What remains of the product cycle model? (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19, pp. 155-174; Cantwell, J., Barrera, P., The localisation of corporate technological trajectories in the interwar cartels: Cooperative learning versus an exchange of knowledge (1998) Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 6, pp. 257-290; Picot, A., Reichwald, R., Wigand, R., (2008) Information, Organization, and Management, pp. 98-102. , Berlin, Springer; Wilkins, M., (1970) The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from the Colonial Era to 1914, , Cambridge Mass., Harvard University Press; Wilkins, M., (1974) The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from 1914 to 1970, , Cambridge Mass., Harvard University Press; Japan Patent Office, (1984) Kogyo Shoyuken Seido Hyakunen Shi [One Hundred Years of the Industrial Property Rights system], 1, pp. 184-191. , Tokyo, Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation; Nishimura, S., General electric's international patent management before world war II: The 'proxy application' contract and the organizational capability of tokyo electric (2004) Japanese Research in Business History, 21, pp. 101-125; Yasui, S., (1940) Tokyo Denki Kabushiki Gaisha 50 Nen Shi [A 50-year History of Tokyo Electric Company, Ltd.], pp. 97-100. , Tokyo, Tokyo Shibaura Denki Co., Ltd; Kimura, Y., (1940) Shibaura Seisakusho 65 Nen Shi [A 65-year History of Shibaura Engineering Works, Ltd.], p. 53. , Tokyo, Tokyo Shibaura Denki Co., Ltd; (1918) Report Upon Foreign Business, p. 28. , Exhibit A, Section 1-b, November 22; National Archives, RG331, Box 3801, Nishimura, S., General electric's international patent management before world war II (1939) Principal Agreement Between International General Electric Company, Incorporated and Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha, , art. cit.;, October 12; Nishimura, S., General Electric's International Patent Management Before World War II; Nishimura, S., The introduction of foreign technology and the role of the patent department: Setup and development of the patent department at Shibaura Works (2002) Kokumin Keizai Zasshi, 186 (4), pp. 1-18; (2001) Interviews Held, , on May 23; Seki, H., Former Managing Director of Tokyo-shibaura Electric, , Mr. Kojiro Ozu, former head of the patent department of Tokyo-Shibaura Electric; and Mr. Hajime Takahashi, former chief engineer in the same department; Nishimura, S., Patent pool and governmental control of the incandescent lamp industry: The development of Tokyo Electric's intellectual property management (2005) Keizai Ronso, 175 (1), pp. 36-53. , http://hdl.handle.net/2433/66260);; Nishimura, S., Nihon ni okeru chiteki zaisan kanri no keisei: Juden kiki o meguru tokkyo keiso jiken o chushin ni (2004) Keizai Ronso, 174 (3), pp. 68-84. , http://hdl.handle.net/2433/45654; [Patent Attorney Association], Kai, N.B., (2000) Benrishi Seido 100 Nen Shi [100 Years of the Patent Attorney system], pp. 52-53. , Tokyo, Patent Attorney Association; Yasui, S., Tokyo Denki Kabushiki Gaisha 50 Nen Shi, pp. 263-266; Kimura, Y., Shibaura Seisakusho 65 Nen Shi, pp. 131-136; Nishimura, S., Foreign business and patent management before World War I: A case study of the general electric company (2009) Kansai University Review of Business and Commerce, 11, pp. 77-97. , http://hdl.handle.net/10112/905; Lévy-Leboyer, M., Fridenson, P., Rostas, V., (1995) Thomson's First Century, p. 14. , Jouy-en-Josas, Campus Thomson, and 18; Schenectady Museum Archives, Swope, G., Jr., (1972) Historical Review of GE's Foreign Business as Affected by U. S. Antitrust Laws, pp. 23-24. , October 31; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod Collection, Herod, W.R., (1945) The I. G. E. Picture, p. 11. , Delivered at the GE president's annual review meeting, September 27; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod, W.R., The I. G. E. Picture, pp. 11-12; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod, W.R., The I. G. E. Picture, p. 22; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod, W.R., The I. G. E. Picture, p. 20; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod, W.R., The I. G. E. Picture, p. 21; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod Collection, Herod, W.R., (1948) IGE and the International Outlook with Particular Reference to Marshall Plan, , Address delivered to Fort Wayne, Chapter Elfun Society, March 19; Schenectady Museum Archives, Herod Collection, Herod, W.R., (1948) Camp Wilson, Association Island, p. 5. , August 2-4; Hagley Museum, P. D. Reed Papers, Box 36, Reed, P.D., (1948) Camps General Electric, , File: Speech Notes, 1952; Kobayashi, K., (1970) GE, pp. 150-159. , Tokyo, Toyo keizai shinpo sha; Sakamoto, K., (1997) Shinban GE no Soshiki Kakushin [Organizational Innovation at GE (New Edition)], pp. 114-133. , Kyoto, Horitsu bunka sha; General Electric Co., (1945) Annual Report; Kobayashi, K., GE, pp. 173-174; (1959) Research in Chemistry at the General Electric Research Laboratory, p. 4; Schenectady Museum Archives, General Electric Research Laboratory, (1953) 5-year Plan: 1953-1958, p. 5. , September 1; Tokyo-Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Gaisha, (1963) Tokyo-shibaura Denki Kabushiki Gaisha 85 Nen Shi [A 85-year History of Tokyo-shibaura Electric Company, Ltd.], p. 797. , Tokyo, Tokyo-Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd; Schenectady Museum Archives, Swope, G., Jr., Historical Review of GE's Foreign Business as Affected by U. S. Antitrust Laws, pp. 28-29; Nishimura, S., Gaikoku Gijutu no Donyu to Tokkyo Bumon no Yakuwari [The Introduction of Foreign Technology and the Role of the Patent Department], pp. 1-18},
correspondence_address1={Nishimura, S.; Department of Business History, Kansai UniversityJapan},
publisher={Editions ESKA},
issn={11612770},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Entrep. Hist.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mansfield2014437,
author={Mansfield, E.D.},
title={Rising powers in the global economy: Issues and questions},
journal={International Studies Review},
year={2014},
volume={16},
number={3},
pages={437-442},
doi={10.1111/misr.12148},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921728477&doi=10.1111%2fmisr.12148&partnerID=40&md5=e9a36933e8c7ea5d43650e80d7dfb310},
affiliation={University of Pennsylvania, United States},
abstract={Many observers have argued that the BRICs, which are often referred to as rising powers, are budding rivals of the United States and the European Union (EU). One concern expressed by various observers is that the growth of the BRICs will alter or destabilize the existing international system, which implies that primary emphasis should be placed on their rise relative to the United States and the EU, rather than on their absolute growth. While the BRIC economies are large, they are currently nowhere near the size needed to challenge the United States or the EU. The BRIC economies have experienced rapid growth, but it is far from clear whether this expansion can be sustained. Although there is little extant research on middle powers in the global economy, some work has been conducted on rising powers, most of which focuses on the systemic consequences of challengers to a hegemony. The rise of the BRIC countries involves the growth of their market power. This could have various implications. First, as a country's market power increases, it may be able to improve its terms of trade by imposing an optimal tariff. If the rise of the BRIC countries creates a scenario in which various countries have such power, one possibility is a harmful trade war.},
keywords={economic growth;  economic integration;  economic relations;  European Union;  global economy;  hegemony;  international organization;  international trade;  market development;  tariff structure;  trade relations, Brazil;  China;  India;  Russian Federation;  United States},
correspondence_address1={Mansfield, E.D.; University of PennsylvaniaUnited States},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Inc.},
issn={15219488},
coden={ISRVF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mukherji2014460,
author={Mukherji, R.},
title={India and global economic governance: From structural conflict to embedded liberalism},
journal={International Studies Review},
year={2014},
volume={16},
number={3},
pages={460-466},
doi={10.1111/misr.12155},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921711043&doi=10.1111%2fmisr.12155&partnerID=40&md5=dfaf37449429bc1a3882ab7addbc92f2},
affiliation={National University of Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={India's behavior in the global economy has transformed considerably, consistent with its embrace of economic globalization and deregulation since 1991. Embedded liberalism has driven the country to make decisions to spur growth and welfare within a secure international environment. India has made the transition from structural conflict to embedded liberalism. India's emergence from autarky to globalization and deregulation has been shaped by ideas supporting an embedded liberal order held within the policymaking elite. Its experiment with import substitution industrialization taught it that economic growth was an important objective and that achieving it required sustainable financial support. India has taken positions that suggest that adjustment should not be front-loaded. This avoids the possibility of an intrusive intervention from the IMF and articulates the view that adjustment needs to be a home-grown process. India and the BRICS want economic weight to be reflected in IMF quotas. Driven by a demand from the G-20, the share of the United Kingdom's, France's, and Italy's share of IMF quotas have declined marginally and that of the eight emerging market economies has increased from 12.42% to 15.91%. Finally, the end of the Cold War and Chinese activities on the Sino-Indian border has led India to strengthen its strategic relations with both the United States and Japan.},
keywords={deregulation;  economic growth;  economic relations;  economic structure;  global economy;  globalization;  governance approach;  IMF;  import;  industrialization;  international conflict;  liberalism;  welfare economics, India;  Japan;  United States},
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correspondence_address1={Mukherji, R.; National University of SingaporeSingapore},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Inc.},
issn={15219488},
coden={ISRVF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{DeiOttati20141247,
author={Dei Ottati, G.},
title={A transnational fast fashion industrial district: An analysis of the Chinese businesses in Prato},
journal={Cambridge Journal of Economics},
year={2014},
volume={38},
number={5},
pages={1247-1274},
doi={10.1093/cje/beu015},
art_number={beu015},
note={cited By 52},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906852002&doi=10.1093%2fcje%2fbeu015&partnerID=40&md5=0e323ee643478c33b713ef39281758ac},
affiliation={Department of Economics and Business, University of Florence, Via delle Pandette 9, 50127 Firenze, Italy},
abstract={After World War II, Prato (in Italy) became known for the extraordinary development of its textile industry. The development was extraordinary due to its size and because it was based on small firms, the study of which contributed to the rediscovery of the Marshallian industrial district. In recent decades Prato has become increasingly known for the rise of the largest agglomeration in Italy of Chinese immigrants' businesses specialised in fast fashion clothing. Despite the attention devoted to this phenomenon, how and why the Chinese in Prato were so successful remains somewhat of a mystery. This paper explores the case of the Chinese in Prato, considering first their influx into the district as subcontractors and then their transformation into final producers of pronto moda. The paper focuses on the causes of these immigrants' exceptional development and on the possible consequences of this evolution for the future of Prato in the new global economy. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Immigrant entrepreneurship;  Industrial districts;  Transnational business networks},
keywords={agglomeration;  business development;  entrepreneur;  global economy;  immigrant;  industrial district;  textile industry, Italy;  Prato [Tuscany];  Tuscany},
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correspondence_address1={Dei Ottati, G.; Department of Economics and Business, University of Florence, Via delle Pandette, 9, 50127 Firenze, Italy; email: gabi.dei@unifi.it},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={0309166X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. J. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kochanowicz2014129,
author={Kochanowicz, J.},
title={The curse of discontinuity Poland's economy in a global context, 1820-2000},
journal={Jahrbuch fur Wirtschaftsgeschichte},
year={2014},
volume={55},
number={1},
pages={129-147},
doi={10.1515jbwg-2014-0005},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905499167&doi=10.1515jbwg-2014-0005&partnerID=40&md5=53991dd46a8d7d9f414a0313d10921f9},
affiliation={Faculty of Economics, University of Warsaw, Dluga 4450, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland},
abstract={This paper argues that historical discontinuity was an important factor in shaping Poland's economic development and her place in the global economy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Several ruptures are identified, relating to insurrections, wars, and political changes and leading to changes in economic regimes. The ruptures and the changes in economic systems led to the destabilization of institutions and made the accumulated social experience irrelevant in new conditions. Economic systems that removed Poland's ties from the world economy hampered the development process by cutting the economy off from broader markets and by making the acquisition of capital and technologies more difficult.},
author_keywords={PolandPoland's economyDiscontinuityEconomic developmentEconomic systems},
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correspondence_address1={Kochanowicz, J.; Faculty of Economics, University of Warsaw, Dluga 4450, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland; email: kochanowicz@wne.uw.edu.pl},
publisher={Akademie Verlag GMBH},
issn={00752800},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jahrb. Wirtschaftsgesch.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ahmed2014179,
author={Ahmed, W.},
title={The political economy and geopolitical context of India's economic crisis, 1990-91},
journal={Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography},
year={2014},
volume={35},
number={2},
pages={179-196},
doi={10.1111/sjtg.12061},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903836748&doi=10.1111%2fsjtg.12061&partnerID=40&md5=ce7638a06a3464d88c757d4410b6a298},
affiliation={University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States},
abstract={The Indian economy suffered a balance of payment crisis in 1991, which provided the context for the rolling out of neoliberal policies, also referred to as the New Economic Policy in India. This paper examines the national and global causes and context of India's economic crisis and adoption of neoliberal policies. While grounding my analysis in historical-geographical materialism, I argue that India's economic crisis was a product of certain contingent conditions. I draw attention to India's pre-neoliberal economic regime and analyse how the earlier-established relationship between revenue generation and expenditure ran into trouble; what changes occurred in the organization and management of revenues and capital; nature of interventions of the state in the circulation of capital; changes in the physical aspects of circulation of commodities, together with foreign trade and the formation of the 'world market'; and the rise of the United States as the only global superpower. I conclude that India's economic crisis of 1990-91, and the neoliberal policies that followed, are products of contingent historical and geographical conditions. A teleological approach towards examining global capitalism and production of economic crisis often neglect such contingencies and provide a set of causalities that may, at best, be classified as incomplete. © 2014 The Author. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography © 2014 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.},
author_keywords={Economic crisis;  Global capitalism;  Gulf War;  Indo-Soviet trade;  Neoliberalism;  Political economy},
keywords={balance of payments;  capitalism;  economic history;  financial crisis;  geopolitics;  global economy;  historical geography;  international trade;  national economy;  neoliberalism;  political economy;  war, India},
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correspondence_address1={Ahmed, W.; University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; email: waquar.ahmed@unt.edu},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={01297619},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Singap. J. Trop. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hung201453,
author={Hung, H.-F.},
title={Cold war and China in the (un)making of the global dollar standard},
journal={Political Power and Social Theory},
year={2014},
volume={26},
pages={53-80},
doi={10.1108/S0198-8719(2014)0000026003},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901442618&doi=10.1108%2fS0198-8719%282014%290000026003&partnerID=40&md5=de9ec6d82aff61745712ae0df76540fa},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States},
abstract={Since the 1970s, many global political economists have been seeing the US as a declining hegemon. After four decades into this hegemonic decline, performance of economies having been regarded as candidates for new hegemons such as Germany/Europe and Japan fell far short of these expectations, while US share of the global economy and its military supremacy remained stable. This staying power of the US stems from the "dollar standard," under which the US dollar is the dominant foreign reserve currency and international transaction medium in the world economy. The dollar standard originated in the Cold War era when all major capitalist powers relied on the US for military protection. It persisted after the end of Cold War, thanks to the continuous mutual reinforcement of the dollar standard and the global domination of the US military. The recent rise of China, which is the first major capitalist power outside the orbit of US military protection, poses a serious dilemma to the US. On the one hand, China's export-oriented development drives China to purchase US Treasuries on a massive scale, hence lending support to the short-term viability of the dollar. On the other hand, US's skyrocketing current account deficit, much attributable to China, precipitates a crisis of confidence over the dollar's long-term prospects. China is likewise caught in a dilemma between sustaining its export-driven growth and shifting to a domestic-consumption- driven economy. The development of the US-China currency conflict, together with the transformation of the Chinese developmental model, will be the most important determinant shaping the future of the dollar standard and US global power in the years to come. Copyright © 2014 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
author_keywords={China;  Global dollar standard;  US hegemony},
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correspondence_address1={Hung, H.-F.; Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States},
publisher={JAI Press},
issn={01988719},
isbn={9781783508297},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Polit. Power Soc. Theory},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Harrison20131,
author={Harrison, M.},
title={Contagion: How commerce has spread disease},
journal={Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease},
year={2013},
pages={1-376},
note={cited By 37},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903115549&partnerID=40&md5=776dcc574b433b5504109948ae37a515},
affiliation={University of Oxford, United Kingdom},
abstract={Much as we take comfort in the belief that modern medicine and public health tactics can protect us from horrifying contagious diseases, such faith is dangerously unfounded. So demonstrates Mark Harrison in this pathbreaking investigation of the intimate connections between trade and disease throughout modern history. For centuries commerce has been the single most important factor in spreading diseases to different parts of the world, the author shows, and today the same is true. But in today's global world, commodities and germs are circulating with unprecedented speed. Beginning with the plagues that ravaged Eurasia in the fourteenth century, Harrison charts both the passage of disease and the desperate measures to prevent it. He examines the emergence of public health in the Western world, its subsequent development elsewhere, and a recurring pattern of misappropriation of quarantines, embargoes, and other sanitary measures for political or economic gain-even for use as weapons of war. In concluding chapters the author exposes the weaknesses of todays public health regulations-a set of rules that not only disrupt the global economy but also fail to protect the public from the afflictions of trade-borne disease. © 2012 Mark Harrison. All rights reserved.},
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But don't worry Not yet, anyway (2009) Observer, 14, p. 22. , June; McNeill, W.H., (1976) Plagues and Peoples, , New York: Monticello; Macpherson, K.L., (1987) A Wilderness of Marshes: The Origins of Public Health In Shanghai, 1843-1893, , London: Oxford University Press; Lewis, M.L., Macpherson, K.L., (2008) Public Health In Asia and The Pacific: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, pp. 10-54. , eds, London: Routledge; Magee, G.B., Thompson, A.S., (2010) Empire and Globalisation: Networks of People, Goods and Capital In the British World, C.1850-1914, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Maglen, K., A world apart: Geography, australian quarantine, and the mother country (2005) Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 60, pp. 196-217; Maglen, K., Quot;in this miserable spot called quarantine": The healthy and unhealthy in nineteenth-century australian and pacific quarantine stations (2006) Science In Context, 19, pp. 317-336; Mander, J., Goldsmith, E., (1996) The Case Against the Global Economy and For a Turn Towards the Local, , eds, Berkeley, Sierra Club Books; Marriot, E., (2002) The Plague Race: A Tale of Fear, Science and Heroism, , London, Picador; Mazlisch, B., Buultjens, R., (1993) Conceptualizing Global History, , eds, Boulder, Col., Westview Press; Meade, T., Quot;civilizing rio de janeiro": The public health campaign and the riot of 1904 (1986) Journal of Social History, 20, pp. 301-322; Mohr, J.C., (2005) Plague and Fire: Battling Black Death and The 1900 Burning of Honolulu's Chinatown, , New York: Oxford University Press; Moorehead, A., (1966) Fatal Impact, , New York: Harper & Row; Naphy, W.G., (2002) Plagues, Poisons and Potions: Plague-spreading Conspiracies In the Western Alps C.1530-1640, , Manchester: Manchester University Press; Neill, M., (1997) Issues of Death: Mortality and Identity In English Renaissance Tragedy, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Nicolson, H., (1946) The Congress of Vienna: A Study In Allied Unity 1812-1822, , London, Constable & Co; Norris, J., East or west? the geographic origin of the black death (1977) Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 51, pp. 1-24; Nozawa, T., Impact of sars: Business with china remains stable thus far (2003) Japan Watch, p. 16. , July; Nutton, V., The seeds of disease: An explanation of contagion and infection from the greeks to the renaissance (1983) Medical History, 27, pp. 1-34; Nye, J.S., (2004) Power In the Global Information Age: From Realism to Globalization, , London: Routledge; Patterson, K.D., Yellow fever epidemics and mortality in the united states, 1693-1905 (1992) Social Science and Medicine, 34, pp. 855-865; Pauwelyn, J., The wto agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary (sps) measures as applied in the first three sps disputes (1999) Journal of International Economic Law, 4, pp. 641-664; Peard, J.G., (1999) Race, Place, and Medicine: The Idea of the Tropics In Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Medicine, , Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press; Pelling, M., (1978) Cholera, Fever and English Medicine 1825-1865, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Pernick, M.S., Politics, parties and pestilence: Epidemic yellow fever in philadelphia and the rise of the first party system (1985) Sickness and Health In America: Readings In the History of Medicine and Public Health, , in J. 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correspondence_address1={Harrison, M.; University of OxfordUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Yale University Press},
isbn={9780300123579},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss20131,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={International monetary fund: Background and issues for congress},
journal={International Monetary Fund: Elements, Reforms, and Issues},
year={2013},
pages={1-32},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895284054&partnerID=40&md5=8c04e233c1cbac8d46005e712a019d42},
abstract={The International Monetary Fund (IMF), conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in July 1944, is the multilateral organization focused on the international monetary system. Created in 1946 with 46 members, it has grown to include 188 countries. The IMF has six purposes that are outlined in Article I of the IMF Articles of Agreement: promoting international monetary cooperation; expanding the balanced growth of international ™ facilitating exchange rate stability; eliminating restrictions on the international flow of capital; ensuring confidence by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to members; and adjusting balance-of-payments imbalances in an orderly manner. Congressional interest in IMF activities has increased since the onset of the financial crisis in 2008. IMF lending has surged in recent years, particularly in light of large recent loans to Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In 2009, major economies agreed to substantially increase the IMF's resources and to move forward on several major reforms at the institution. These include increasing the voting share of emerging economies; revamping the IMF's lending toolkit to introduce greater flexibility and create new facilities for low-income countries; and creating a road map for resolving the fast-growing economic imbalances in the global economy between surplus and deficit countries. In late 2010, IMF members agreed to a doubling of IMF quotas, which would require congressional authorization and appropriations. The United States was instrumental in creating the IMF and is its largest financial contributor, providing 17.72% of total IMF resources. Since voting shares are based on financial contributions, the large U.S. voting share provides the United States veto power over major decisions at the IMF. Both the IMF and its sister organization, the World Bank, are headquartered in Washington, DC. At the Bretton Woods conference, the IMF was tasked with coordinating the system of fixed exchange rates to help the international economy recover from two world wars and the instability in the interwar period caused by competitive devaluations and protectionist trade policies. From 1946 until 1973, the IMF managed the -par value adjustable peg" system. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce, and all other member countries' currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. This system of fixed rates ended in 1973 when the United States removed itself from the gold standard. The IMF has evolved significantly as an institution since it was created. Floating exchange rates and more open capital markets in the 1990s created a new role for the IMF-the resolution of frequent and volatile international financial crises. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and subsequent crises in Russia and Latin America revealed many weaknesses of the world monetary system, which have only become more apparent in the wake of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and the more recent sovereign debt crises in Europe. This report evaluates the purpose, membership, financing, and focus of the IMF's activities. It also discusses the role of Congress in shaping U.S. policy at the IMF and concludes by addressing key issues, both legislative and oversight-related, that Congress may wish to consider, including • the role of the IMF as a lender of last resort; • the adequacy of IMF resources; and • the effectiveness of IMF surveillance. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={The third pillar of the postwar economic agenda, negotiation on multilateral rules to liberalize and govern international trade, was not completed until the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In 1995, the GATT was succeeded by the World Trade Organization (WTO); P.L. 79-171, 22 U.S.C. 286 et. seq; The five largest shareholders of the IMF are the United States, Japan, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom; For more information, see CRS Report R41828, International Monetary Fund: Selecting a Managing Director, by Martin A. Weiss; The members of the G-7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States; CRS Report R40977, The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress, by Rebecca M. Nelson; The members of the G-24 are Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela; IMF Members' Quotas and Voting Power http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx, International Monetary Fund, and -IMF Board of Governors," available at; To meet the U.S. $100 billion commitment to the expanded NAB, as well as an $8 billion increase in the U.S. quota at the IMF, Congress appropriated $5 billion in the FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations (P.L. 111-32); Stone, R.W., Controlling Institutions: International Organizations and the Global Economy (2011), New York: Cambridge University Press; Rieffel, L., Restructuring Sovereign Debt: The Case for Ad-Hoc Machinery (2003), Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC; Beattie, A., IMF Warned over fresh Greek Loan (2011) Financial Times, , July 8; Thacker, S., The High Politics of IMF Lending (1999) World Politics, 52, pp. 38-75; Drehar, A., Sturm, J.-E., Vreeland, J.R., Global Horse Trading: IMF Loans for Votes in the United Nations Security Council (2009) European Economic Review, 53, pp. 742-757. , See also; Article IV, Section 3; Article IV, Section 1; Przeworski, A., Vreeland, J., The effect of IMF programs on economic growth (2000) Journal of Development Economics, 62; Jeanne, O., Dealing with Volatile Capital Flows, Peterson Institute for International Economics (2010), Working Paper PB10-180, Washington, DC, July; For more information, see CRS Report RS22976, The Global Financial Crisis: The Role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), by Martin A. Weiss; (2011), International Monetary Fund, Fact Sheet: IMF Lending, March 30; 22 U.S.C. 286 et seq; 22 U.S.C. 286a (a), (b); Federal law limits the salaries that IMF may pay the U.S. representatives, capping them at the rate of level IV of the Executive Schedule for the U.S. Executive Director and level V for the Alternate U.S. Executive Director; , p. 22. , For more information, see CRS Report R41239, Frequently Asked Questions about IMF Involvement in the Eurozone Debt Crisis, coordinated by Rebecca M. Nelson; Bhide, A., Phelps, E., More Harm Than Good: How the IMF's Business Model Sabotages Properly Functioning Capitalism (2011) Newsweek, , July 11; Truman, E., On What Terms is the IMF Worth Funding? (2008), Peterson Institute for International Economics, WP 08- 11, Washington, DC, December; Eichengreen, B., Out-of-the-Box Thoughts on the International Financial System (2009), International Monetary Fund, Working Paper no. 09-116, Washington, DC, May; In a national economy, this function is typically provided by the central bank. See CRS Report RS21986, Federal Reserve: Lender of Last Resort Functions, by Marc Labonte; Obstfeld, M., Expanding Gross Asset Positions in the International Monetary System, remarks at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City symposium on "Macroeconomic Challenges: The Decade Ahead," (2010), Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 26-28; Obstfeld, M., Shambaugh, J.C., Taylor, A.M., Financial Instability, Reserves, and Central Bank Swap Lines in the Panic of 2008 (2009), National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 14826, March; Fernandez-Arias, E., Yeyati, E.L., Global Financial Safety Nets: Where Do We Go from Here? (2010), Inter-American Development Bank, IDB Working Paper 231, November; Truman, E., The IMF as International Lender of Last Resort (2010), Peterson Institute for International Economics, Real Time Economic Issues Watch, October 12; The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress CRS Report R40578, by Jonathan E. Sanford and Martin A. Weiss; International Monetary Fund: Reforming Country Representation CRS Report RL33626, by Martin A. Weiss; For more information, see CRS Report R42844, IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress, by Rebecca M. Nelson and Martin A. Weiss; Truman, E., IMF Governance Reform: A -Pretty Good" Step in the Right Direction (2010), Peterson Institute for International Economics, November 8; Currently, members holding the five largest voting positions at the Fund appoint an Executive Director and are unable to participate in the elections that decide nominated Executive Directors; Factsheet: IMF Quotas (2011), International Monetary Fund, March 3; CRS Report RL30346, Federal Credit Reform: Implementation of the Changed Budgetary Treatment of Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees, by James M. Bickley (available upon request); CRS Report R40531, FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations, coordinated by Stephen Daggett and Susan B. Epstein},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, M.A.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781628082883},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Monet. Fund: Elements, Reforms, and Issues},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sharma2013433,
author={Sharma, S. and Koncul, N.},
title={Did economics and economists fail us? [Jesu li nas ekonomija i ekonomisti iznevjerili?]},
journal={Ekonomski Pregled},
year={2013},
volume={64},
number={5},
pages={433-446},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887549818&partnerID=40&md5=92b296966d035c78afb0d880b9884f21},
affiliation={Juraj Dobrile University of Pula, Croatia; University of Dubrovnik, Croatia},
abstract={During the last 50 years, unfortunately, the claims of what economics as a science considered rational, logical and manageable and the economists thought that they understood the underlying economic processes have been proven false by economic realities. Recession that has afflicted the global economy during the last five years has placed both economics and the economists amid fire. It is being said that the neoclassical economics of the post-war years failed lead to the promised sustained economic growth. The economists have misread the business cycles and are thus dumbfounded. They do not know how and when the world economies would recover. The failures on both fronts have provoked a severe lack of confidence in the validity of economic theories and the economists have been branded incompetent and useless. The authors, in the following pages, intend to reflect upon some of the related issues and express their opinion.},
author_keywords={Crisis;  Debt-deflation;  DSGE models;  Financial bubble;  Financial deregulation;  Savings glut},
references={Davidson, P., Reforming the World's International Money (2008) Real World Economics Review, 48, pp. 293-305; De Grauwe, P., (2009) Financial Times, , 23 February; Fisher, I., The Debt Deflation Theory of Great Depressions (1933) Econometrica, p. 1; Folkerts-Landau, Dooley, M., Garber, P., The Revisited Bretton Woods System (2004) International Journal of Finance and Economics, pp. 307-313; Greenspan, A., (2003) Bank Structure and Competition, , Conference on Chicago, 8 May; Groenewagen, P., (1995) The Soaring Eagle: Alfred Marshall 1842-1924, , Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; Keynes, J.M., A Treatise on Money-The Pure Theory of Money (1930) The Collected Works of Keynes J M, , in London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Press 1973; Keynes, J.M., (1936) General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, , London: Macmillan; Keynes, J.M., (1972) Essays in Biography, , London: Macmillan; Keynes, J.M., (1931) Essays in Persuasion, pp. 358-373. , (1931), New York: Norton, 1963; Klamer, A., Colander, D., (1990) The Making of an Economist, , Boulder: Westview Press; Krueger, A., Report of the Commission on Graduate Education in Economics (1991) Journal of Economic Literature, 29 (3), pp. 1035-1053. , Sept; Kuttner, R., The Poverty of Economics (1986) Atlantic Monthly, pp. 74-84. , February Issue; Marshall, A., (1890) Principles of Economics, , London: Macmillan; Marshall, A., (1902) Economic Teaching at the Universities in Relation Public to Well Being, pp. 3-9. , paper presented at a Conference of Members of the Committee on Social Education, London; Keen, S., (2011) Debunking Economics, , Zed Books, London; Streeten, P., (1990) American Economics Education, , mimeo; (2009) Trade and Development Report 2008, , UNCTAD, New York-Geneva: UN},
correspondence_address1={Juraj Dobrile University of PulaCroatia},
issn={04247558},
language={English; Croatian},
abbrev_source_title={Ekon. Pregl.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Verhoeven2013,
author={Verhoeven, H.},
title={The politics of African energy development: Ethiopia's hydro-agricultural state-building strategy and clashing paradigms of water security},
journal={Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
year={2013},
volume={371},
number={2002},
doi={10.1098/rsta.2012.0411},
art_number={20120411},
note={cited By 30},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885011444&doi=10.1098%2frsta.2012.0411&partnerID=40&md5=b794c6cdb919ded410ab98214b82156b},
affiliation={Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom},
abstract={As key economic, ecological and demographic trends converge to reshape Africa and its relationship with the outside world, a new politics is emerging in the twenty-first century around the water-food-energy nexus, which is central to the continent's relevance in the global economy. On the one hand, Malthusian anxieties are proliferating; pessimists link population growth and growing water scarcity to state failure and 'water wars'. On the other hand, entrepreneurs, sovereign wealth funds and speculators consider Africa's potential in water resources, energy production and food output as one of the last great untapped opportunities for the global economy: Africa is on the brink of an agro-industrial transformation. This article examines how African actors are not merely responding to economic and environmental changes but also thinking politically about water, food and energy security. Many of them are seizing the new opportunities to redefine their national politics, their relationship with local communities and their ties with external players, regionally and globally. Ethiopia's project of hydroagricultural state-building helps to identify the most important fault lines of this new politics at the national, local and international level. The politics of water security and energy development simultaneously puts African states and their populations on the defensive, as they grapple with huge challenges, but also provides them with unique opportunities to take advantage of a more favourable global configuration of forces. © 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Africa;  Energy security;  Ethiopia;  Food security;  Hydropolitics;  State-building},
keywords={Energy security;  Food supply;  Population statistics;  Sustainable development;  Water resources, Africa;  Ethiopia;  Food security;  Hydropolitics;  State-building, Social sciences},
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Stud, 5, pp. 664-680. , (doi:10.1080/17531055.2011.642524); Vaughan, S., Gebremichael, M., (2011) Rethinking Business and Politics in Ethiopia, , London, UK: Overseas Development Institute; (2012) World Development Indicators 2012, , http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&id=4&CNO=2; Jones, W., Soares De Oliveira, R., Verhoeven, H., (2013) Africa's Illiberal State-builders, , http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/working-papers-folder_contents/ wp89-africas-illiberal-state-builders-160113.pdf, Working Paper Series, no. 89 Oxford, UK: Refugee Studies Centre; (2011) Rising Global Interest in Farmland.Washington, DC: World Bank, , 2011 Rising global interest in farmland.Washington, DC: World Bank; Mosley, J., (2012) Peace, Bread and Land. Agricultural Investment in Ethiopia and Sudan, pp. 11-16. , London, UK: Royal Institute for International Affairs/Chatham House; Vaughan, S., Tronvoll, K., (2003) The Culture of Power in Contemporary Ethiopian Political Life, , Stockholm, Sweden: Sidastudies; Turton, D., (2010) The Downstream Impact, , http://www.mursi.org/pdf/RAS%20Talk%20-%20Copy.pdf, Oxford, UK: University of Oxford; Avery, S., (2010) Hydrological Impacts of Ethiopia's Omo Basin on Kenya's Lake Turkana Water Levels & Fisheries, , Tunis, Tunisia: African Development Bank; Avery, S., (2012) Lake Turkana and the Lower River Omo. Hydrological Impacts of Major Dam and Irrigation Developments, , Oxford, UK: University of Oxford; Reid, R., (2011) Frontiers of Violence in North-east Africa, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Clapham, C., Controlling space in Ethiopia (2002) Remapping Ethiopia, p. 11. , (eds W James D Donham, E Kurimoto, A Triulzi), Oxford, UK: James Currey; Donham, D.L., (1999) Marxist Modern. An Ethnographic History of the Ethiopian Revolution, , Oxford, UK: James Currey; (2013) Reaping the Fruits of Sugar, , http://www.etsugar.gov.et/en/component/content/article/ 9-2013-02-04-07-04-03/2-reaping-thefruits-of-sugar.html, Ethiopian Sugar Corporation; Hoben, A., The cultural construction of environmental policy. in (1996) The Lie of the Land, pp. 199-207. , (eds M Leach R Mearns). Oxford, UK: James Currey; Watch, A., Days, E., (1991) 30 Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia, pp. 226-236. , New York, NY: Human RightsWatch; Dejene, A., (1990) Environment, Famine and Politics in Ethiopia, Pp, pp. 98-102. , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Hammond, L., Strategies of invisibilization: How Ethiopia's resettlement programme hides the poorest of the poor (2008) J. Refu. Stud, 21, pp. 517-536. , (doi:10.1093/jrs/fen041); (2011) Understanding Land Investment Deals in Africa, , http://media.oaklandinstitute.org/sites/oaklandinstitute.org/files/ Land_Deal_Brief_Ethiopia_Omo_Valley.pdf, Oakland Institute; Allan, T., (2001) The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy, , London, UK: IB Tauris; Healy, S., (2011) Hostage to Conflict. Prospects for Building Regional Economic Cooperation in the Horn of Africa, , London, UK: Royal Institute of International Affairs/Chatham House; Waterbury, J., (1979) Hydropolitics of the Nile Valley, , Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press; Hurst, H.E., Black, R.P., Simaika, Y.M., (1946) The Nile Basin, Vol. VII. The Future Conservation of the Nile, , Cairo, Egypt: Government Press; Mekonnen, D.Z., The Nile basin cooperative framework agreement negotiations and the adoption of a 'water security' paradigm (2010) Eur. J. Int. Law, 21, pp. 421-440. , (doi:10.1093/ejil/chq027); Woodward, P., (1996) The Horn of Africa. Politics and International Relations, , London, UK: IB Tauris; Healy, S., (2008) Lost Opportunities in the Horn of Africa, pp. 11-13. , London, UK: Royal Institute of International Affairs/Chatham House; Patey, L.A., Crude days ahead? Oil in Sudan after the comprehensive peace agreement (2010) Afr. Affairs, 109, pp. 617-636. , (doi:10.1093/afraf/adq043); Anderson, D., Browne, A., The politics of oil in Eastern Africa (2011) J. East Afr. Stud, 5, pp. 369-412. , (doi:10.1080/17531055.2011.573187); Alden, C., Large, D., Soares De Oliveira, R., (2008) China Returns to Africa, , London, UK: Hurst & Co; Verhoeven, H., 'Dams are development': China, the Al-Ingaz regime and the political economy of the Sudanese Nile (2011) Sudan Looks East, pp. 120-138. , (eds D Large, LA Patey), Oxford, UK: James Currey; De Schutter, O., (2010) Access to Land and the Right to Food, , Report presented to the 65th General Assembly of the United Nations. Office of the UN special rapporteur on the right to food, Geneva, Switzerland; Woertz, E., (2013) Oil for Food. Middle East Food Security and International Agro-investments, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Martens, A.K., (2011) Impacts of Global Change on TheNile Basin, p. 14. , Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute; Cascão, A.M., Changing power relations in the Nile river basin: Unilateralism vs. Cooperation? (2009) Water Altern, 2, pp. 245-268; Deng, D., (2011) The New Frontier. A Baseline Survey of Large-scale Land-based Investment in Southern Sudan, , Oslo, Norway: Norwegian People's Aid; Twesigye, B., (2008) Lessons from Citizen Activism in Uganda: Saving Mabira Forest, , Johannesburg, South Africa: South African Institute for International Affairs; Green, A., Uganda's power drive stills rapids at the headwaters of the Nile (2012) National Geographic News, , http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/02/ 120221-hydroelectric-power-nile-dam-in-uganda/, 21 February 2012; Verhoeven, H., Gardens of Eden or hearts of darkness? The genealogy of discourses on environmental insecurity and climate wars in Africa Geopolitics, 19. , In press; Hajer, M., (1995) The Politics of Environmental Discourse, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Verhoeven, H.; Department of Politics and International Relations, , Oxford, United Kingdom; email: harry.verhoeven@politics.ox.ac.uk},
publisher={Royal Society},
issn={1364503X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{García2013521,
author={García, M.},
title={From idealism to realism? EU preferential trade agreement policy},
journal={Journal of Contemporary European Research},
year={2013},
volume={9},
number={4},
pages={521-541},
note={cited By 30},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886811233&partnerID=40&md5=bc74f9dc52fd990e833f70d66dd35ea9},
affiliation={University of Nottingham, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article examines how the EU's 'conflicted power' in trade has played out within its preferential trade agreement (PTA) strategies with third parties. It does this by providing an overview of how approaches to the EU's external trade policies have evolved over time, especially since the end of the Cold War. Tracing changes in discourse in the EU's consolidated trade policy demonstrates how the policy objectives have evolved from what could be characterised as a soft and even normative power to a much more realist one, attempting to safeguard its position in the international economic order. Notwithstanding these changes, explained by a combination of international context and ideational preferences, an underlying overall continuity has remained in terms of the main economic interests to be realised through trade policy, which presents a portrait of the EU as a rational and realist (if sometimes conflicted) actor in the global economy.},
author_keywords={Free trade agreements;  Global europe;  Interregionalism;  Realism;  Trade policy},
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correspondence_address1={García, M.; University of NottinghamUnited Kingdom},
issn={1815347X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Contemp. Eur. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Thomas2013,
author={Thomas, S. and Keegan, C. and Barry, S. and Layte, R. and Jowett, M. and Normand, C.},
title={A framework for assessing health system resilience in an economic crisis: Ireland as a test case},
journal={BMC Health Services Research},
year={2013},
volume={13},
number={1},
doi={10.1186/1472-6963-13-450},
art_number={450},
note={cited By 49},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886512564&doi=10.1186%2f1472-6963-13-450&partnerID=40&md5=5ad3bda0549ca4b2892da5e628cb04b4},
affiliation={Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, 3-4 Foster Place, Dublin, Ireland; Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin, Ireland; WHO Barcelona Office for Health Systems Strengthening, Marc Aureli 22-36, E-08006, Barcelona, Spain},
abstract={Background: The financial crisis that hit the global economy in 2007 was unprecedented in the post war era. In general the crisis has created a difficult environment for health systems globally. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for assessing the resilience of health systems in terms of how they have adjusted to economic crisis. Resilience can be understood as the capacity of a system to absorb change but continue to retain essentially the same identity and function. The Irish health system is used as a case study to assess the usefulness of this framework. Methods. The authors identify three forms of resilience: financial, adaptive and transformatory. Indicators of performance are presented to allow for testing of the framework and measurement of system performance. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to yield data for the Irish case study. Quantitative data were collected from government documents and sources to understand the depth of the recession and the different dimensions of the response. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key decision makers to understand the reasons for decisions made. Results: In the Irish case there is mixed evidence on resilience. Health funding was initially protected but was then followed by deep cuts as the crisis deepened. There is strong evidence for adaptive resilience, with the health system showing efficiency gains from the recession. Nevertheless, easy efficiencies have been made and continued austerity will mean cuts in entitlements and services. The prospects for building and maintaining transformatory resilience are unsure. While the direction of reform is clear, and has been preserved to date, it is not certain whether it will remain manageable given continued austerity, some loss of sovereignty and capacity limitations. Conclusions: The three aspects of resilience proved a useful categorisation of performance measurement though there is overlap between them. Transformatory resilience may be more difficult to assess precisely. It would be useful to test out the framework against other country experiences and refine the measures and indicators. Further research on both the comparative resilience of different health systems and building resilience in preparation for crises is encouraged. © 2013 Thomas et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
author_keywords={Economic crisis;  Health systems;  Ireland;  Resilience;  Sustainability},
keywords={article;  budget;  economic recession;  economics;  financial management;  health care delivery;  health care policy;  human;  interview;  Ireland;  organization and management;  qualitative research, Budgets;  Delivery of Health Care;  Economic Recession;  Financial Management;  Health Policy;  Humans;  Interviews as Topic;  Ireland;  Qualitative Research},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Irish Health Research Board for funding the research project “Resilience of the Irish Health System: Surviving and utilising the economic contraction.” ST is the PI of this project and RL, MJ and CN are collaborators. The project provides salary funding for CK and SB. The Irish HRB has had no role in the writing or decision to publish this article. ST has had full access to all the data in the study and has final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.},
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correspondence_address1={Thomas, S.; Centre for Health Policy and Management, 3-4 Foster Place, Dublin, Ireland; email: Steve.thomas@tcd.ie},
issn={14726963},
pubmed_id={24171814},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={BMC Health Serv. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brunkhorst2013249,
author={Brunkhorst, H.},
title={Europe in crisis: The fatal simultaneity of constitutionalization and deconstitutionalization of the union [Europa in der krise: Die fatale gleichzeitigkeit von konstitutionalisierung und dekonstitutionalisierung der union]},
journal={Zeitschrift fur Evangelische Ethik},
year={2013},
volume={57},
number={4},
pages={249-257},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887420556&partnerID=40&md5=ec5fc8af65887352c2014e90535db289},
affiliation={Institut fiir Soziologie, Universität Flensburg Auf dem, Campus 1 - Raum 358, D-24943 Flensburg, Germany},
abstract={The European Union today finds itself in the midst of its greatest crisis. The crisis is due not only to one of the greatest breakdowns in the history of the global economy, but also to the fascinating internal evolution of the European constitution since its beginning, shortly after World War II. Parallel to the growth of constitutional law, latent legitimation problems began to arise and grow cumulatively. However, once the big global banks, corporations and hedge-funds began a concerted attack on the European periphery, the long lasting neoliberal turn from democratic capitalism to capitalist democracy has reached whole Europe, and the legitimation crisis becomes manifest. © Gütersloher Verlagshaus 2013.},
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Oxon; Hauke bronkhorst critique of dualism: Hans kelsen and the twentieth century (2011) Revolution of International Law Constellations, 15 (4), pp. 496-512; Ley, I., Brünn betreibt die parlamentarisiemng des primättechts Anmerkungen zum zweiten urteil des tschechischen verfassungsgerichtshofs zum vertrag von lissabon vom 3.11.2009 (2010) Juristen-Zeitung, 65 (4), p. 170; Miline Wegmann European Competition Law: Catalyst of Integration and Convergence, pp. 91-107. , Kaarlo TuoriSuvi Sankari (Hg.) (s. Anm. 10); (1966) Früh erkannt bei Heinhard Steiger, Staatlichkeit und Überstaatlichkeit, , Berlin; Miline Wegmann, (s. 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Zur Konstitutionalisierung sozialer Demokratie in Europa, pp. 277-296. , Andreas Fischer-LescanolFlorian Rödl/Christoph Schmid (Hg.), Baden-Baden; Madsen, M.R., The Protracted Institutionalization of the Strasbourg Court: From Legal Diplomacy to Integrationist jurisprudence, , Ms 2012 (im Erscheinen); Bast, J., Europäische gesetzgebung - Fünf stationen in der verfassungsentwicklung der EU (2010) Strukturfragen der Europäischen Union, pp. 173-180. , Claudio FranziuslFranz C. Meyer/Jürgen Neyer (Hg.), Baden-Baden; Müller, F., Wer ist das Volk? Eine Grundfrage der Demokratie (1997) Elemente einer Verfassungstheorie VI, 56. , Berlin; Streeck, W., Noch so ein sieg, und wir sind verloren. Der (2010) Nationalstaat nach der Finanzkrise, 38, pp. 159-173. , Leviathan; Crouch, C., (2011) Über das Befremdliche Überleben des Neoliberalismus, p. 170. , Frankfurt a.M; Streeck, W., The crisis of democratic capitalism (2011) New Left Review, 71. , September-October; Zuletzt S. (2011) Jürgen Habermas, Zur Verfassung Europas, , Ein Essay, Frankfurt a.M; Franzius, C., Preuß, U.K., (2012) Die Zukunft der Europäischen Demokratie, , Baden-Baden; Ackerman, B., (1998) We the People, , Bd. 2: Transformations, Cambridge MA; Von Bogdandy, A., The european lesson for international democracy: The significance of articles 9-12 EU treaty for international organizations (2012) The European Journal of International Law, 23 (2), pp. 315-334; Somek, A., Somek Konzeptualisiert den Europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaat Dergestalt als Doppelte Negation!, 47},
correspondence_address1={Brunkhorst, H.; Institut fiir Soziologie, Campus 1 - Raum 358, D-24943 Flensburg, Germany; email: brunk@uni-flensburg.de},
issn={00442674},
language={German},
abbrev_source_title={Z. Evang. Ethik},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Akbarpour20131450,
author={Akbarpour, M. and Akbarpour, H.R. and Dulah, A.},
title={Analysis and evaluation of joining to the world trade organization for Iran},
journal={Advances in Environmental Biology},
year={2013},
volume={7},
number={8},
pages={1450-1453},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883493943&partnerID=40&md5=c1d3ed4fcb82b117c753b2f410016c53},
affiliation={Shaid-Beheshti University, Iran},
abstract={After World War II, the number of international organizations had an increasing trend. One of the most important international organizations emerged after World War II, was the World Trade Organization. The necessities of the post-war period required this massive international institution. Nowadays, the huge volume of international trades, which is over 95%, is going through the organization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the positive and negative effects of Iran's joining to this great organization. It also mentions to the difficulty of joining to the organization. In general, exposure to the global economy and being a member of this organization has undeniable advantages and creates unique opportunities for the country's economy. But if not ready to joint, the national economy will be seriously affected. In this study, we have used the library method for research based on taking notes from written sources and the Internet. We also have used the descriptive- analytical method.},
author_keywords={Iran;  The general agreement on tariffs and trade;  Uruguay round;  Wto},
references={Bahmani, M., (2004) Iran and Membership In the WTO, 155, p. 78. , Report; Bina, Iran's membership in the WTO and its impact on the development of non-oil exports (1995) Journal of Business, (103), pp. 37-45; (1392) Chronology of Events and Actions Related to The Process of Joining to The WTO, , Commercial Plenipotentiary Representative Office in Iran, Available at URL; www.irtr.gov.ir/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Vvb3sueIuGY%3d&tabid=3353; Doaei, H., Yaquti, M.R., Business and Economics of Iran: Effects of joining Iran to the WTO on export of carpets (2004) Journal of Business, 8 (193), pp. 3-13; Fathi, Y., Required changes in policies and economic institutions of Iran in order to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) (2011) Journal of Business Research, (58), pp. 175-209; Firouzi, M., The Islamic Republic of Iran and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (2005) Ravaq-Andishe, 50, p. 110; Mojaver-Hosseini, F., Estimating the impacts of joining Iran to the WTO (2006) Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 27, pp. 33-64; Nahavandian, M., (2006) Bibliography of the World Trade Organization, , Tehran: National Center for Globalization Studies; Pourahmadi, H., Iran and WTO: Opportunities and threats (2006) Journal of Political Science, , Baqer-al-Olum University, 34, 329 and 331; Rezaei, M.T., (2011) The WTO Legal System, , Tehran: Mizan; Saheb, T., Legal requisites of Iran's intellectual property system in the course of joining to the WTO (2005) Journal of Legal Justice, , 50, 51, 313 and 346; Shiroudi, M., Iran: Long struggle for joining to the World Trade Organization (2004) Economic Bulletin, 12, p. 189; Valinejad, M., World Trade Organization: Background, history, and process of joining and membership of Iran (2005) Banking and Economics, 60, p. 26; Zirak, M., Analysis of commercial consequences and outcomes of globalization, regionalism and joining of Iran to the WTO (2008) Journal of Economics, , 83, and 84, 63 and 64},
correspondence_address1={Akbarpour, H. R.; Azad University of Science and Research, Shiraz, Fars, Iran},
issn={19950756},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Environ. Biol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brooks2013863,
author={Brooks, S.G.},
title={Economic actors' lobbying influence on the prospects for war and peace},
journal={International Organization},
year={2013},
volume={67},
number={4},
pages={863-888},
doi={10.1017/S0020818313000283},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893111619&doi=10.1017%2fS0020818313000283&partnerID=40&md5=c0584982210d7231d85de80260a3e1bb},
affiliation={Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States},
abstract={Political scientists and economists have long been interested in the role of special interests in the policymaking process. In the past few years, a series of important new books have argued forcefully that the lobbying activities of economic actors have an important influence on the prospects for war and peace. All of these analyses claim that whether economic actors enhance or decrease the likelihood of conflict ultimately depends on the domestic political balance between economic actors who have a strong vested interest in pushing for peace versus those that do not. I advance two contrary arguments. At least among the advanced states, I posit there are no longer any economic actors who will be favorable toward war and who will lobby the government with this preference. All of the identified mechanisms that previously contributed to such lobbying in these states have been swept away with the end of colonialism and the rise of economic globalization. In particular, I show that the current structure of the global economy now makes it feasible for foreign direct investment to serve as an effective substitute for conquest in a way that was not possible in previous eras. My second argument concerns those economic actors in advanced states with a preference for peace. I posit that it has become unnecessary for them to directly lobby the government to avoid war on economic grounds because economic globalization - the accumulation of decisions by economic actors throughout the globe - now has sufficiently clear economic incentives for leaders. Copyright © The IO Foundation 2013 Â.},
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correspondence_address1={Brooks, S.G.; Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; email: stephen.g.brooks@dartmouth.edu},
issn={00208183},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Organ.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Siener2013377,
author={Siener, W.H.},
title={The United Nations at Niagara: Borderlands collaboration and emerging globalism},
journal={American Review of Canadian Studies},
year={2013},
volume={43},
number={3},
pages={377-393},
doi={10.1080/02722011.2013.819583},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884694282&doi=10.1080%2f02722011.2013.819583&partnerID=40&md5=b17c87fa19264da7831c5e3c25fa95e9},
affiliation={Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, United States},
abstract={In 1946 a group of Western New York and Southern Ontario business leaders proposed locating United Nations headquarters on Navy Island, Canadian territory in the Niagara River. One of the most visionary proposals ever to come from the region, it was a genuinely binational project, grounded in the symbolism of the peaceful relationship along the Niagara after the War of 1812. The proposal revealed a high level of cross-border economic and cultural integration in the Niagara region that had been strengthened by the shared experience of World War II. However, the region was increasingly marginalized from its national and state/provincial cores as it struggled to integrate itself into an ever more globalized economy. © 2013 Copyright ACSUS.},
author_keywords={borderlands;  collective security;  Niagara region;  United Nations;  World War II},
keywords={border region;  global economy;  national security;  peacekeeping;  symbolism;  United Nations;  war, Canada;  Niagara;  Ontario [Canada]},
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By Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Patterson (2nd ed. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press; Joseph, A., Fry, place matters: Domestic regionalism and the formation of american foreign policy (2012) Diplomatic History, 36 (3), pp. 452-458; Bukowczyk, J.J., The production of history, the becoming of place (2012) Permeable Border: The Great Lakes Basin As Transnational Region 1650-1990, pp. 3-4. , Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press; Bukowczyk, J.J., Region, border, and nation Ibid, pp. 175-177; Brunet-Jailly, E., Theorizing borders: An interdisciplinary perspective (2005) Geopolitics, 10 (4), pp. 633-646; McGreevy, P., (1991) The Wall of Mirrors: Nationalism and Perceptions of the Border at Niagara Falls, pp. 1-18. , Orono, ME. : Borderlands Project; My interpretation of agency and structure is based on the discussion of human agency (2009) The Dictionary of Human Gerography, pp. 347-348. , in Derek Gregory et al., eds. 5th ed.; Chichester, UK and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; Konrad, Nicol, Beyond Walls, 73; Drummond, I.M., CHR dialogue: Ontario's industrial revolution 1867-1941 (1988) Canadian Historical Review, 69 (3), pp. 291-292; Evenden, M., Mobilizing rivers: Hydro-Electricity, the state, and world war II in Canada (2009) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 99 (5), pp. 850-851; Massell, D., As though there was no boundary': The shipshaw project and continental integration (2004) American Review of Canadian Studies, 34 (2), pp. 187-222; Palmer Adams, L., (1951) Wartime Manpower Mobilization; A Study of World War II Experience in the Buffalo-Niagara Area, pp. 6-8. , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; John, J.N., The mighty niagara: One river, two frontiers (2003) Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 47, pp. 3-10; Evenden, Mobilizing Rivers, pp. 8-51; Bothwell, R., Who's paying for anything these days?' war production in Canada 1939-45 (1981) Mobilization for Total War: The Canadian, American, and British Experience, 59, pp. 68-69. , 1914-1918, 1939-1945, ed by N. F. Dreisziger,Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press; Seibel, G., (1967) Niagara Falls, Canada: A History of the City and the World Famous Beauty Spot, pp. 81-86. , Niagara Falls, Ontario: Kiwanis Club of Stamford; United states department of commerce, a report of the seventeenth decennial census of the united states census of population (1950) Number of Inhabitants, Tables, 17 (18), pp. 2-3. , (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1952); Canada, dominion bureau of statistics, ninth census of canada 1951 (1953) Population: General Characteristics, Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Tables, 69 (12), pp. 12a; Leary, T.E., Sholes, E.C., (1987) From Fire to Rust: Business, Technology AndWork at the Lackawanna Steel Plant 1899-1983, 59 (67), pp. 13-15. , Buffalo: Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, 54-56, 75-80; Meinig, D.W., The shaping of america: A geographical perspective on 500 years of history (2004) Global America, 4, pp. 277-278. , 1915-2000 New Haven and London: Yale University Press; Smith, N., (2003) American Empire: Roosevelt's Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization, pp. 374-375. , Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press; Wed 70 years: Still active and happy (1986) Port Colborne (ON) Tribune, , January 8; Annual celebration at falls border is plan of two cities (1926) Buffalo Express, , May 2; Entwined colors greet host of canadians on arrival here for dominion day outing (1926) Buffalo Courier-Express, , July 2; Wheels of Business Halt Along Border, As Citizens Celebrate Chief Holiday; (1927) International City May Rise at Border, New York Times, , Buffalo Courier-Express, July 15; (1945) Niagara Falls (ON) Evening Review, , Commendation by N. 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Y. ] to Stoyan Gavrilovic, Dewey Papers, , New York, N. Y., Jan. 14; Navy island site proposed (1945) Evening Review, , Oct. 10; Want niagara island united nations' site (1945) Toronto Star, , Oct. 10; Drew warmly in favor of navy island as united nations hqrs (1945) Evening Review, , Oct. 12; Will interview prime minister to boost navy island site (1945) Evening Review, , Sept. 21; King doesn't like navy isl as united nations capital (1945) Evening Review, , Oct. 2; (1945) Evening Review, , Oct. 27; Pickersgill, J.W., Forster, D.F., The Mackenzie King Record, 3, pp. 61-62. , 1945-1946 (Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1970); Granatstein, J.L., Hillmer, N., (1999) Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders, pp. 87-98. , Toronto: Harper Collins Canada, 121-124;; Bumsted, J.M., (1998) A History of the Canadian Peoples, pp. 319-327. , Toronto, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press; Bothwell, R., (1979) C. D. 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Dewey [Albany], , Dec. 29; (1945) Dewey Papers; Niagara Frontier Planning Board, Annual Report, pp. 19-20; Chamber Minutes, 355. , 360, 386; Pearl, L.S., (1946) New York City to Paul E. Lockwood, Dewey Papers, , Albany, Feb. 6; Chamber Minutes, pp. 332-333; Elizabeth, G.H., Mamaroneck, C., (1946) N. Y., to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 4; John, H., Greenwich, C., (1946) CN to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 4; Brinton Jack Jr., G., Salem, S., (1946) NY to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 5; Hergenhan, M.L., (1946) New York City, to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 6; Drummond Jr., A., (1946) Rye to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 7; John, R., Deering, (1946) New York City, to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 18; (1946) CN to Thomas E. Dewey, , Albany, Feb. 20; Cassius Way, Dr., (1945) New York City, to Paul E. Lockwood, , Albany, Feb. 26; Walter, H., Johnson, J., Armonk, N.Y., (1946) Dewey Papers, , Albany, Feb. 5; Chamber Minutes, 374-375 (395-396); Meinig, Global America, 283; Robert, A., Caro, (1975) The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York, Vintage Books, pp. 771-774. , New York: Random House; Zeckendorf, M., Zeckendorf, pp. 68-71; Lie, Cause of Peace, 63 (108); Lie, Cause of peace Chamber Minutes, 60, pp. 3-55; Eichelberger, C.M., (1977) Organizing for Peace: A Personal History of the Founding of the United Nations, pp. 284-286. , New York: Harper & Row; Gottmann, J., Virginia at Mid-Century (1955) Quoted in Meinig, Global America, 149. , New York: Henry Holt; The Power Broker, pp. 771-774. , Caro; Eichelberger, Organizing for Peace, 20, pp. 25-26; Robert-Moses, (1970) Public Works: A Dangerous Trade, pp. 483-484. , New York: McGraw Hill; Zeckendorf, M., Zeckendorf, pp. 68-71; Chamber Minutes, 407; The Power Broker, pp. 771-774. , Caro; Eichelberger, Organizing for Peace, pp. 284-286; Moses, Public Works: A Dangerous Trade, 485, pp. 505-506; (1945) Hamlin Papers, BMS, , Memorandum, London, England, Dec. 12; Smith, American Empire, 412, pp. 404-407; South Salem, G., (1946) N. 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correspondence_address1={Siener, W.H.; Buffalo and Erie County Historical SocietyUnited States},
issn={02722011},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. Rev. Can. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Candela2013431,
author={Candela, A.M.},
title={QIAOXIANG ON THE SILK ROAD},
journal={Critical Asian Studies},
year={2013},
volume={45},
number={3},
pages={431-458},
doi={10.1080/14672715.2013.829314},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884342663&doi=10.1080%2f14672715.2013.829314&partnerID=40&md5=6346aa0f477531021040f1b5cebc6df4},
abstract={The contemporary era of globalization poses challenges for reimagining Asian nations once associated with the ThirdWorld as spaces within the global capitalist world. The idea of the Global South incorporates these nations into a new post-cold war global imaginary, but does so in a way that recognizes the structural and social inequalities that continue to distinguish these nations from their more privileged counterparts in the Global North. The challenge of reimagining former ThirdWorld nations in the contemporary era of globalization is further complicated by the deepening of structural inequality within those nations. Growing class divides and uneven development in these nations have made it difficult to imagine Global South nations as homogenous entities. This article explores the complexities of imagining China in the era of globalization by examining a set of historical narratives: the Silk Road and qiaoxiang (sojourner villages), which emerged as strategies for situating China within new global imaginaries by re-narrating the histories of South China. Although the narratives mark a departure from nation-centered histories of the Mao era, they do not reflect a withering of the state or of nationalism in the face of globalization. Rather, they are connected to reconfigurations of the nation and state related to the challenges of managing the nation's current phase of capitalist development. By examining the ways in which these narratives are over-determined by shifting class formations, regional economic development strategies, place-based social and cultural legacies, global intellectual trends, and state interventions, which all shape South China's economic development, this article describes the function of these narratives as structures of feeling. As such, the Silk Road and qiaoxiang narratives give voice to the anxieties produced by China's opening to the capitalist world economy and attempt to reconcile the contradictions of China's current phase of economic development by rendering a complex social reality into historically recognizable forms. © 2013 Copyright BCAS, Inc.},
keywords={capitalism;  developing world;  economic development;  global economy;  globalization;  North-South relations, China},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: I am deeply grateful to Ravi Palat and Caglar Keyder for the opportunity to develop this article as part of the Shifting Geopolitical Ecologies and New Spatial Imaginaries workshop at the Inter-Asian Connections III conference, and for their support in other professional opportunities they have since brought my way. I am eternally grateful to Gail Hershatter, Walter Goldfrank, and Arif Dirlik for their feedback on earlier drafts, but more so for the privilege to be their student. Finally, my gratitude also goes to Immanuel Wallerstein, the organizers of the UCSC Emerging Worlds 2012 graduate workshop, the other participants of the Shifting Geopolitical Ecologies and New Spatial Imaginaries workshop, and to my colleagues at UCSC, particularly Nellie Chu, Jeff San-ceri, Michael Jin, and Edward Smyth for their valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. The research conducted for this project was funded by an SSRC-IDRF Fellowship and by a UC Pacific Rim Research Program Advanced Graduate Research Fellowship.},
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correspondence_address1={Candela, A. M.email: candela@dm.uniba.it},
issn={14672715},
coden={CASRG},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Crit. Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Palat2013397,
author={Palat, R.A.},
title={MAPS OF TIME, CLOCKS OF SPACE},
journal={Critical Asian Studies},
year={2013},
volume={45},
number={3},
pages={397-410},
doi={10.1080/14672715.2013.829312},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884324425&doi=10.1080%2f14672715.2013.829312&partnerID=40&md5=e9c1be96f93a8ba1e3fade95834906fe},
abstract={When Asia was conceptualized as Europe's "other," it was also cast as a temporally delimited concept: once capitalist modernity-assumed to operate evenly across the globe by conservatives, liberals, and the left-spread to eastern Eurasia, the differences between two unequal halves of the continent were expected to evaporate. The persistence of differences long after "Asia" was incorporated into the capitalist world-economy has led to a cartographic definition of the continent. Such definitions do not allow for historical processes that reshape relations between peoples, forging new links and severing old ones. This article traces the changing imaginaries of Asia historically. Since there are no indigenous conceptions of the continent, the author argues that the changing imaginaries of Asia are linked to wider geopolitical processes. When eastern Eurasia was subordinated to the drives of the capitalist world-economy, existing linkages were severed and territories were linked to, or through, colonial metropoles. After a brief period of autarkic development after decolonization, states along the Pacific coasts were increasingly integrated through production and procurement networks leading to a new imaginary of Asia. Since the end of the cold war and the emergence of independent states with large hydrocarbon resources in Central Asia, countries that were once excluded from cold war imaginaries of Asia-as well as India-are being integrated through newer imaginaries that reflect the greater prominence of China and India today as well as the rise of Islamic militancy and new ethnic conflicts. © 2013 Copyright BCAS, Inc.},
keywords={capitalism;  decolonization;  geopolitics;  global economy;  new world order;  post-Cold War;  post-colonialism, Asia;  Eurasia},
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correspondence_address1={Palat, R. A.email: palat@binghamton.edu},
issn={14672715},
coden={CASRG},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Crit. Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Li201381,
author={Li, L.-X.},
title={The Chinese economy after the global crisis},
journal={Recession and Its Aftermath: Adjustments in the United States, Australia, and the Emerging Asia},
year={2013},
pages={81-111},
doi={10.1007/978-81-322-0532-6_5},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905286243&doi=10.1007%2f978-81-322-0532-6_5&partnerID=40&md5=fceb93fd076355279da620f0750920df},
affiliation={Business School, Hunan International Economics University, Hunan, China},
abstract={Since 2008, the global economy has been experiencing the deepest downturn in the post-World War II period, as the financial crisis rapidly spreads around the world. A large number of advanced economies have fallen into recession, and economies in the rest of the world have slowed abruptly. Global trade and financial flows are shrinking, while output and employment losses mount. Credit markets remain frozen as borrowers are engaged in a drawn-out deleveraging process and banks struggle to improve their financial health. © 2013 Springer India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Li, L.-X.; Business School, Hunan International Economics UniversityChina},
publisher={Springer India},
isbn={9788132205326; 8132205316; 9788132205319},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Recession and Its Aftermath: Adjustments in the U. States, Aust., and the Emerg. Asia},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{DeiOttati2013171,
author={Dei Ottati, G.},
title={Ethnic firms and industrial districts: An interpretation of the development of Chinese enterprises in Prato [Imprese di immigrati e distretto industriale: Un'interpretazione dello sviluppo delle imprese cinesi a Prato]},
journal={Stato e Mercato},
year={2013},
number={98},
pages={171-202},
doi={10.1425/74212},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885368450&doi=10.1425%2f74212&partnerID=40&md5=131147276df3cb76e425ff11260ae8eb},
abstract={There is growing evidence of the spread of immigrant businesses in developed economies. In the latest decades immigrant entrepreneurs spread also in Italy, not only in metropolitan areas but also in industrial districts. Among the latter Prato is perhaps the most known case, due to the extraordinary development of its woollen industry in the post-World War II and whose study has contributed to the rediscovery of the Marshallian concept of industrial district by Giacomo Becattini (1979). In recent decades Prato is more and more known for the rise in it of a large agglomeration of Chinese immigrant businesses specialised in producing pronto moda clothing. Despite the increasing attention devoted to that phenomenon by the media, how and why Chinese immigrants' enterprises in Prato became so successful remain somewhat a mystery. The focus of this paper is the analysis of Chinese immigrant businesses in the industrial district of Prato. After a brief review of the literature on the explanation of immigrant entrepreneurs, the influx of Chinese immigrants to Prato and the multiplication of their workshops during the last decade of the XX Century are outlined. Then the transformation of a cohort of these immigrants from subcontractors to final producers of pronto moda and transnational entrepreneurs is considered. Moreover the changes in the productive organization of the Chinese in Prato that these transformations brought about are examined. In section four an explanation of this case of immigrant economic success is presented, followed by some reflections on its possible consequences for the future of Prato in the new global economy.},
author_keywords={Economic Development; R1;  Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior; O1;  General Regional Economics.;  JEL Classification: L2},
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correspondence_address1={Dei Ottati, G.},
issn={03929701},
language={Italian},
abbrev_source_title={Stato Mercato},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Cavatorta20131,
author={Cavatorta, F.},
title={The international dimension of the failed Algerian transition},
journal={The international dimension of the failed Algerian transition},
year={2013},
pages={1-210},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074927468&partnerID=40&md5=2c9a697742e7febbf81df72f37a89dd9},
affiliation={Dublin City University, Ireland},
abstract={The book builds an innovative theoretical framework, through which previously neglected international factors are brought into the analysis of transitions to democracy. The case of Algeria is then explored in great detail. This volume is an important contribution to the literature on democratization and provides an interesting analysis of Algerian politics during the last two decades. More specifically, the book examines how international variables influence the behaviour and activities of Algerian political actors. By bridging the comparative politics and international relations literatures, the book offers a new understanding of the initiation, development and outcome of transitions to democracy. International factors, far from being marginal and secondary, are treated as central explanatory variables. Such external factors were crucial in the Algerian failed transition to democracy, when the attitudes and actions of key international actors shaped the domestic game and its final outcome. In particular, the book explores the controversial role of the Islamic Salvation Front and how its part was perceived abroad. In addition the book argues that international factors significantly contribute to explaining the persistence of authoritarian rule in Algeria, to its integration into the global economy and its co-optation into the war on terror. This book will be useful for scholars and students of processes of democratisation, for Middle East and North Africa specialists and for general readers interested in the role of international actors across the Arab world. © Francesco Cavatorta 2009 . All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Cavatorta, F.; Dublin City UniversityIreland},
publisher={Manchester University Press},
isbn={9781847792778; 9780719076169},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The int. dimens of the fail. Alger transit},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Venkatshamy201317,
author={Venkatshamy, K.},
title={The Indian Ocean Region in India's strategic futures: looking out to 2030},
journal={Journal of the Indian Ocean Region},
year={2013},
volume={9},
number={1},
pages={17-41},
doi={10.1080/19480881.2013.793911},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879648951&doi=10.1080%2f19480881.2013.793911&partnerID=40&md5=a919e335fd5b79b70610be821cc7c005},
affiliation={The Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, India},
abstract={The Indian Ocean has found renewed emphasis in strategic geopolitical discourse and will play an increasing role in global security considerations in the coming decades. From the arc of Islam and Africa on its western reaches to Australia on its east, the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and its adjacent waters are considered to be the theatre of conflict and competition in the twenty-first century. The geopolitics of the IOR will have wider implications on the transformations taking place in Asia, the global economy, and key global relationships. Along with the global economic balance shifting eastward, the US has shed its fixation with the Atlantic has turned its focus to developments in Asia. A paradigm shift from the assumed stability of the world order, propped up at the end of the Cold War, to the change in global power distribution currently underway has thrown Asia, and concomitantly, the IOR into sharp relief. Though geopolitical movements, amidst the rise of China and India, have set the context for viewing the importance of the IOR in a new light, the strategic imperatives of several enduring trends make the region a hotbed of global challenges. © 2013 Copyright Indian Ocean Research Group.},
author_keywords={energy;  environment;  geopolitics;  maritime boundary;  piracy;  terrorism},
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correspondence_address1={Venkatshamy, K.; The Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, India; email: krishnappa86@gmail.com},
issn={19480881},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Indian Ocean Reg.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Helgesen2013909,
author={Helgesen, Ø. and Nesset, E. and Strand, Ø.},
title={"Brain Drain" or "Brain Gain"? Students' Loyalty to their Student Town: Field Evidence from Norway},
journal={European Planning Studies},
year={2013},
volume={21},
number={6},
pages={909-943},
doi={10.1080/09654313.2012.722934},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880013808&doi=10.1080%2f09654313.2012.722934&partnerID=40&md5=07d029205f0ca475a67d98f54f1791b7},
affiliation={Aalesund University College, IIM, Alesund, Norway},
abstract={In the global economy regions fight a two-front "war" to attract young people. On the one hand, they compete against more urban areas because young people leave home to study and do not return to their home region ("brain drain"). On the other hand, they struggle to attract new residents, students and entrepreneurs to their local region ("brain gain"). The context is a student town of a strong industrial region characterized by a net export of young people and an increasing demand for highly qualified labour. The purpose is to gain insight into how student loyalty to a student town may be enhanced. A partial least square path modelling approach is used to estimate a structural equation model of student town loyalty. One finding is that the creation of student town satisfaction has more influence on student town loyalty than reputation building. "Social activity" is the most important loyalty driver. This antecedent is mediated through student town satisfaction and reputation, as well as university college reputation. The town municipalities and the university college should thus be coordinated in their effort to increase student town loyalty to bring down the "brain drain" and increase the "brain gain" in the region. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords={brain drain;  labor migration;  labor standard;  labor supply;  student;  university sector, Norway},
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Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm, , 4, New York, New York,: McGraw-Hill},
correspondence_address1={Helgesen, Ø.; Aalesund University College, IIM, , Alesund 6025, Norway; email: oh@hials.no},
issn={09654313},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eur. Plann. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Edlinger2013498,
author={Edlinger, C. and Merli, M. and Parent, A.},
title={An optimal world portfolio on the eve of world war I: Was there a bias to investing in the New World Rather Than in Europe?},
journal={Journal of Economic History},
year={2013},
volume={73},
number={2},
pages={498-530},
doi={10.1017/S002205071300034X},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878288493&doi=10.1017%2fS002205071300034X&partnerID=40&md5=3db7951208250f5014fe1d5c02ae9caf},
affiliation={CNRS UMR 7522, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Finance, EM Strasbourg Business School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Economics, IEP de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5593-LET, Lyon, France},
abstract={The geographical distributions of French and British foreign investment portfolios differ markedly before World War I. Did French portfolios favor European investments just as British portfolios favored New World assets? Should economic rationality have encouraged investors to invest widely in the New World rather than in Europe? Combining Modern Portfolio Theory and a new data set comprising assets listed on the Paris and London Stock Exchanges, we show that investing in the New World did not yield higher returns than investing in Europe. The European preference of the Paris Bourse and, by extension, of French investors was not inefficient. © 2013 The Economic History Association.},
keywords={economic history;  global economy;  investment;  stock market;  war, England;  France;  Ile de France;  London [England];  Paris;  United Kingdom;  Ville de Paris},
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correspondence_address1={CNRS UMR 7522, , Nancy, France},
issn={00220507},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Econ. Hist.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ambrosio2013435,
author={Ambrosio, T. and Vandrovec, G.},
title={Mapping the Geopolitics of the Russian Federation: The Federal Assembly Addresses of Putin and Medvedev},
journal={Geopolitics},
year={2013},
volume={18},
number={2},
pages={435-466},
doi={10.1080/14650045.2012.717554},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876275593&doi=10.1080%2f14650045.2012.717554&partnerID=40&md5=596c7de4b572aa2d1ce4de1ab310c39f},
affiliation={Department of Criminal Justice and Political Science, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2315, 1616 12th Ave. N., Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States; Department of History, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States},
abstract={This paper builds upon previous research on American state-of-the-union addresses and Russian geopolitics by examining how the Kremlin has represented Russia's geographic and geopolitical position in the post-Soviet era. It analyses presidential addresses to the Federal Assembly from 2000 to 2011, a period encompassing Vladimir Putin's first two terms as president and the single term of Dmitry Medvedev. In addition to exploring general trends evident in these speeches, this paper also provides in-depth analyses of three major themes: Russia's civilisational identity, the state of the international system and Russia's role within it, and global economics. We find that the legacies of the Cold War-era perceptions of threat, as well as dissatisfaction with the Cold War's resolution, remain salient in these speeches. However, there is some movement toward a broadening of Russia's cognitive map. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords={federal system;  geopolitics;  mapping method;  political economy;  security threat;  civilization;  federal system;  geopolitics;  global economy;  security threat, Russian Federation;  Russian Federation},
references={Clowes, E., (2011) Russia On the Edge: Imagined Geographies and Post-Soviet Identity, p. 12. , Ithaca, NY: Cornell; O'Loughlin, J., Grant, R., The Political Geography of Presidential Speeches, 1946-87 (1990) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 80 (4), pp. 504-530; Russia Alone with Itself (1991) Pravda, p. 1. , 2 Nov, reproduced in Current Digest of the Soviet Press 43/45 (11 Dec. 1991) p. 7; Solzhenitsyn, A., (1991) Rebuilding Russia, p. 6. , trans. by Alexis Kilmoff, New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux; O'Loughlin, J., Tauthail, G.Ó., Kolossov, V., Russian Geopolitical Culture and Public Opinion: The Masks of Proteus Revisited (2005) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 30 (3), pp. 322-335; Mamadough, V., Dijkink, G., Geopolitics, International Relations and Political Geography: The Politics of Geopolitical Discourse (2006) Geopolitics, 11 (3), pp. 349-366. , Autumn; Huliaras, A., Tsardanidis, C., (Mis)understanding the Balkans: Greek Geopolitical Codes in the Post-communist Era (2006) Geopolitics, 11 (3), pp. 465-483. , Autumn; Tauthail, G.Ó., (1996) Critical Geopolitics, , London: Routledge; Tauthail, G.Ó., Dalby, S., (1998) Rethinking Geopolitics, , (eds.), London: Routledge; Neumann, I.B., (1995) Russia and The Idea of Europe: A Study In Identity and International Relations, , On Russia's European identity, see, London: Routledge; Prozorov, S., The Narratives of Exclusion and Self-Exclusion in the Russian Conflict Discourse on EU-Russian Relations (2007) Political Geography, 26 (3), pp. 309-329. , March; Tsygankov, A.P., Mastering Space in Eurasia: Russia's Geopolitical Thinking after the Soviet Break-Up (2003) Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 36 (1), pp. 101-127. , On Eurasianism, see, March; Shlapentokh, D., Dugin Eurasianism: A Window on the Minds of the Russian Elite or an Intellectual Ploy? (2007) Studies In East European Thought, 59 (3), pp. 215-236; Tauthail, G.Ó., Placing Blame: Making Sense of Beslan (2009) Political Geography, 28 (1), pp. 4-15. , Jan; Klinke, I., Geopolitical Narratives on Belarus in Contemporary Russia (2008) Perspectives, 16 (1), pp. 109-131; O'Loughlin, J., Tauthail, G.Ó., Kolossov, V., Russian Geopolitical Storylines and Public Opinion in the Wake of 9-11: A Critical Geopolitical Analysis and National Survey (2004) Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 37 (3), pp. 281-318; O'Loughlin, J., Geopolitical Fantasies, National Strategies and Ordinary Russians in the Post-Communist Era (2001) Geopolitics, 6 (3), pp. 17-48. , Winter; O'Loughlin, J., Russian Geopolitical Culture' Note 5; Kolossov, V., An Empire's Fraying Edge? The North Caucasus Instability in Contemporary Russian Geopolitical Culture (2007) Eurasian Geography & Economics, 48 (2), pp. 202-225. , March; Tauthail, G.Ó., Russia's Kosovo: A Critical Geopolitics of the August 2008 War over South Ossetia (2008) Eurasian Geography & Economics, 49 (6), pp. 670-705. , Nov./Dec; O'Loughlin, J., Tauthail, G.Ó., Kolossov, V., A 'Risky Westward Turn'? Putin's 9-11 Script and Ordinary Russians (2004) Europe-Asia Studies, 56 (1), pp. 3-34. , Jan; O'Loughlin, J., Grant, R., , pp. 505-506. , Note 2; Flint, C., Adduci, M., Chen, M., Chi, S.-H., Mapping the Dynamism of the United States' Geopolitical Code (2009) Geopolitics, 14 (4), pp. 604-629. , The follow-up to this article explored the late-and post-Cold War presidencies; Müller, M., Reconsidering the Concept of Discourse for the Field of Critical Geopolitics: Towards Discourse as Language and Practice (2008) Political Geography, 27 (3), pp. 322-338; Bernazzoli, R., "The End of Autocracy": Analysing Representations of the Austro-Hungarian Dissolution as the Foundation of US Hegemonic Discourse (2010) Geopolitics, 15 (4), pp. 643-666; Though, one could argue that the very nature of the regime places it in a better position to dominate foreign policy debates and ensure that its world view is translated into policy, in contrast to a democracy in which the executive is more highly restrained by other actors; Author reference; There are, of course, many additional studies not cited in this paper; Flint, C., , p. 611. , Note 11; Note; Putin mentions this specifically: "This is why we have recently approved a concept of foreign policy, a renewed foreign policy concept. It stipulates the domination of internal goals over external ones."; The regions include: Europe, Eurasia, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Africa, the Caucasus, the Caspian, the Middle East, and the Black Sea; The list of countries also includes those de facto states which are not universally recognised, including Nagorno-Karabakh, Transdniester, and Kosovo. Georgia-proper and its breakaway Georgian regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia were counted separately. If these two provinces were counted as one (since they are for the most part seen as being quite similar), the number of countries for 2008 and 2008 would be reduced by two and one, respectively. In addition, references to the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) were counted toward each of these states, since the acronym refers to each individual country; Tsygankov, A., Russia's Power and Alliances in the 21st Century (2010) Politics, 30 (1), pp. 43-51. , Dec; Primakov's Realpolitik (1996) Moscow Times, , See statements from foreign ministers Primakov, Ivanov, and Lavrov: Alexander Golz, 11 April; Repin, A., Shevtsov, N., Igor Ivanov: This is the Basis of Our Foreign Policy (2000) Trud, pp. 1+4. , 26 May; (2000) What the Papers Say, , reproduced by, Russia, 26 May; Formation of Blocs, Alliances in Foreign Policy Outdated - Lavrov (2007) Russia & CIS Diplomatic Panorama, , 7 Feb; When compiling the data for this chart, all references are to the regions themselves, as well as international organisations which are predominantly or exclusively included in those regions (for example, the Commonwealth of Independent States for Eurasia and the European Union for Europe). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which is predominately composed of former Soviet republics, but also includes China, was included in both Asia-Pacific and Eurasia to represent its important role in institutionally linking Russia and China; In addition to the global economic organisations identified below, the only truly global body referenced in these speeches is the United Nations, which accounts for 8.3 percent of all references to international organisations; Commonwealth of Independent States, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Eurasian Economic Community, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, respectively. Also included are various customs unions amongst the former Soviet states; European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Council of Europe, and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, respectively; World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, Group of Eight, Group of Twenty; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; In the years after 9/11, there was a return to a very focused global perspective centred on the broader Middle East by the Bush administration, as seen in President Bush's SOTU addresses; Huntington, S., (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and The Remaking of World Order, pp. 139-144. , New York: Simon & Schuster; Duncan Peter, J.S., Contemporary Russian Identity between East and West (2005) The Historical Journal, 48 (1), pp. 277-294. , For an overview of some of this literature, see, March; Tsygankov, A.P., Finding a Civilisational Idea: 'West', 'Eurasia', and 'Euro-East' in Russia's Foreign Policy (2007) Geopolitics, 12 (3), pp. 375-399. , Autumn; Tsygankov, A.P., Self and Other in International Relations Theory: Learning from Russian Civilizational Debates (2008) International Studies Review, 10 (4), pp. 762-775. , Dec; Smith, G., The Masks of Proteus: Russia, Geopolitical Shift and the New Eurasianism (1999) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 24 (4), pp. 481-494. , Also see, Dec; Tsygankov, A.P., Finding a Civilisational Idea' , p. 376. , Note 33; Author reference; Collier, D., Levitsky, S., Democracy with Adjectives (2007) World Politics, 49 (3), pp. 430-451. , April; The irony of Putin's criticism of 'the civilising role of colonial powers' should not be lost on those who recall that Russia was a colonial power - albeit, a geographically contiguous one. Moreover, two years prior, Putin spoke positively about committing his country to "continue its civilising mission on the Eurasian continent."; Schmidt, M., Is Putin Pursuing a Policy of Eurasianism? (2005) Demokratizatsiya, 13 (1), pp. 87-99. , Winter; Morozova, N., Geopolitics, Eurasianism and Russian Foreign Policy Under Putin (2009) Geopolitics, 14 (4), pp. 667-686; Hopf, T., (2002) Social Construction of International Politics: Identities & Foreign Policies, Moscow, 1955 & 1999, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell; Author reference; A 'pragmatic' foreign policy is mentioned at least once in all years except 2003 and 2005. The value of being 'independent' of external powers and constraints is references in 2000, 2004-2005, and 2007-2008; O'Loughlin, J., A Risky Westward Turn Note 10; With the exception of the threat of global terrorism, of course; Panagiotou, R.A., The Centrality of the United Nations in Russian Foreign Policy (2011) Journal of Communist Studies & Transition Politics, 27 (2), pp. 195-216. , June; The most effusive was in Medvedev's 2008 speech, with eleven mentions of the importance of international law. However, five other speeches (2001, 2003-2004, 2005-2007) also referenced international law; Putin's Remarks In '50 Years of the European Integration and Russia', , http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/text/speeches/2007/03/25/1133_type104017_120738.shtml, See, for example, available at; Bumiller, E., Myers, S.L., Russia Objects to Bush Itinerary; Rice Replies (2005) New York Times, p. 8. , 6 May; Another point, though less germane to the discussion here is the fact that Medvedev claims that Russia was protecting 'our citizens'. The residents of South Ossetia and Abkhazia are Georgian citizens, though Moscow granted a significant number of them Russian passports over Tbilisi's objections. If the outdated phrase 'the near abroad' referred to Moscow's perceptions that the former Soviet Union was neither truly domestic nor truly foreign, then it would seem that the breakaway Georgian provinces are more 'near' than 'abroad'; (2010), The first two quotes are from 2009 and the third is from; Whitmore, B., Is Russia's Social Contract Breaking Down? (2008) RFE/RL, , http://www.rferl.org/content/Is_Russias_Social_Contract_Breaking_Down/1364119.html, 26 Dec, available at; (2008), Tbilisi has blocked Russia's accession to the WTO and this dispute has become a de facto continuation of the Russia-Georgia war of; Clark, T., WTO, Russia Hold Their Turf (2002) Moscow Times, , 17 Oct; Kozyrev, A., A Transformed Russia in a New World (1992) Izvestia, p. 3. , 2 Jan; (1992) Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, 44 (1), p. 22. , reproduced in, 5 Feb; Jervis, R., International Primacy: Is the Game Worth the Candle? (1993) International Security, 17 (4), pp. 52-67. , Spring; Clowes, E., Note 1},
correspondence_address1={Ambrosio, T.; Department of Criminal Justice and Political Science, 1616 12th Ave. N., Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States; email: thomas.ambrosio@ndsu.edu},
issn={14650045},
coden={GEOPF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geopolit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Greve201398,
author={Greve, A.},
title={Learning from Tokyo urbanism: The urban sanctuaries},
journal={Cities},
year={2013},
volume={30},
number={1},
pages={98-104},
doi={10.1016/j.cities.2011.12.007},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871935006&doi=10.1016%2fj.cities.2011.12.007&partnerID=40&md5=9ce9c312520e07f7ac1eabd83d5057f3},
affiliation={Department of Society and Globalisation, Roskilde University, Denmark},
abstract={This article takes up the challenge of demonstrating that 'we' can learn from Tokyo about the intrinsic importance of in-between realms to a cosmopolitan culture: the urban sanctuaries. It has four sections. The first section encircles a location from where to learn from Tokyo as well as an angle from where to start. This leads into the leading concept of the article: the urban sanctuary. The second section goes back in history to the early modern era and, with point of departure in traveller's reports, localises an experience of strangeness and familiarity when it comes to a distinct ritual choreography for meeting at eye level. At the centre of the third section is a second generation of Japanese architects who came to maturity after World War II. Here, the work of Arata Isozaki is of specific interest, because it is precisely a formula for the construction of an urban sanctuary that sets up an in-between realm for an international culture that he returns to in work and life: the traditional concept of 'interval' or ma'. The final section relates Tokyo as a command centre for the global economy to its urban sanctuaries. It calls for a broadening of the research agenda by addressing a new set of questions concerning a formula for an in-between - a distinct ritual choreography for meeting the stranger with (universal) hospitality. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={Financial transactions;  Japanese architecture;  Ritual choreographies;  Sanctuaries;  The concept of ma;  The tea ceremony;  Tokyo urbanism;  Traveller's report},
keywords={architecture;  conceptual framework;  cultural tradition;  global economy;  urban area, Honshu;  Japan;  Kanto;  Tokyo [Kanto]},
references={Alexander, J.C., Introduction: The new Durkheim (2005), In J. C. Alexander J., P. D. Smith (Eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim. Cambridge University Press; Ando, T., Tadao Ando theme: Urban dwelling (1992), In Japan Architect 5 winter 1992-1; Arendt, H., (1958) The human condition, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; (2010), Arkitektur DK Nr. 6 - EXPORT; Barr, A., Serra, D., Culture and corruption. In Proceedings of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (2006), Oxford: Global Poverty Research Group; Barthes, R., (1982) The empire of signs, , Hill and Wang, New York; Berque, A., Postmodern space and Japanese tradition (1997) Space and social theory: Interpreting modernity and postmodernity, , Blackwell, London, G. Benko (Ed.); Japans patriarkalske uvæsen in Dagbladet Politiken (2011), Boruma I April 13th Copenhagen Denmark; Cottle, S., Mediatized rituals: Beyond manufacturing consent (2006) Media Culture Society, 28; Cybriwsky, R., Tokyo:The shogun's city at the twenty-first century (1998) John Wiley & Sons; Delanty, G., The cosmopolitan imagination: Critical cosmopolitanism and social theory (2006) British Journal of Sociology, 57 (1), pp. 25-46; Durkheim, E., (1984) The division of labor in society, , The Free Press, New York; Durkheim, E., (1992) Professional ethics and civic morals, , Routledge, London; Durkheim, E., (1995) The elementary forms of religious life, , The Free Press, New York; Featherstone, M., Cosmopolis: An introduction (2002) Theory, Culture and Society, (19), pp. 1-16; Foucault, M., The concern for truth: An interview by Françoise Ewald (1990) Michel foucault, , Politics, Philosophy, Culture, Routledge, New York, L.D. Kritzman (Ed.); Gregersen, T., (2011) Virksomheder i kulturtræningslejr, , Politiken May 21; Greve, A., Civic cohesion and sanctuaries for coming to terms with modernity (2006) Durkheimian Studies/Etudes durkheimiennes, n.s.12.; Greve, A., (2011) Sanctuaries of the city: Lessons from Tokyo, , Ashgate; Hall, S., Culture, community, nation (1993) Cultural Studies, 7, pp. 349-363; Hastrup, K., The ethnographic present: A reinvention (1990) Cultural Anthropology, 5 (1), pp. 45-61; Hervik, P., Shared reasoning in the field: Reflexivity beyond the author (1994) Social experience and anthropological knowledge, , European Association of Social Anthropologists, Routledge, K. Hastrup, P. Hervik (Eds.); Hetherington, K., The time of the entrepreneurial city: Museum, heritage and kairos. In Proceedings of the conference Ubiquitous Media (2007) Asian Transformations Theory, , Culture & Society 25th Anniversary 13-16 July. Tokyo: University of Tokyo; Hirschman, A.O., (1997) The passions and the interests: Political arguments for capitalism before its triumph, , Princeton University Press; Ifversen, K.R.S., Dansk arkitektur findes ikke længere (2011), In Dagbladet Politiken 23. January; Ikegami, E., (2005) Bonds of civility: Aesthetic networks and the political origins of Japanese culture, , Cambridge University Press, New York; Isozaki, A., (2006) Japan-ness in architecture, , The MIT press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Jessop, B., Changing cultures of competitiveness, conceptual and policy issues. ESRC Seminar Series Lancaster University, , 2007; Jinnai, H., (1995) Tokyo: A spatial anthropology, , University of California Press, California; Kaufman, E., (2001) The delirium of praise, , Johns Hopkins University Press, London; Lidin, O.G., (2002) Tanegashima. The arrival of Europe in Japan, , Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, NIAS Press, Copenhagen; Lucas, R., Inscribing the city: A flaneûr in Tokyo (2004) Anthropology Matters, 6 (1); Maruyama, M., (1952) Studies in the intellectual history of Tokugawa Japan, , Making Sense of Society London, SAGE; (2003) Postcolonial urbanism: Southeast Asian cities and global processes, , Routledge, London, R. Bishop (Ed.); Massey, D., (2007), Polity Press, World City Cambridge; Papastergiadis, N., Glimpses of cosmopolitanism (2007) European Journal of Social Theory, 10 (1), pp. 139-152; Rabinow, P., (1977) Reflections on fieldwork in Morocco, , University of California Press, Berkeley; Robertson, J., A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan (2005), Blackwell; Sassen, S., (1991) The global city, , Princeton University Press, Princeton; Screech, T., (1996) The western scientific gaze and popular imagery in late Edo Japan: The lens within the heart, , Cambridge University Press, New York; Sennett, R., (1976) The fall of public man, , Cambridge University press, London; Shelton, B., (1999) Learning from the Japanese City, , E&FN Spon, London; Stewart, D.B., (2002) The making of a modern Japanese architecture - From the founders to Shinohara and Isozaki, , Kodunsha International, New York; Sztompka, P., (1999) Trust - A sociological theory, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge},
correspondence_address1={Greve, A.; Department of Society and Globalisation, Denmark; email: anni@ruc.dk},
issn={02642751},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cities},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Pesaran201315,
author={Pesaran, E.},
title={Ideals, interests and economic liberalization in the Islamic Republic of Iran},
journal={Navigating Contemporary Iran: Challenging Economic, Social and Political Perceptions},
year={2013},
pages={15-29},
doi={10.4324/9780203136911-8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123149958&doi=10.4324%2f9780203136911-8&partnerID=40&md5=8ab7743a7ff02640e064c40b387a3b70},
abstract={Following its establishment in 1979, the Islamic republic sought to create an entirely new economic system that would meet the various demands of all those who had participated in Iran’s popular movement for an end to the monarchy of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. While the Pahlavi economy had been largely based on a system of “dependent capitalism”1 in which both the nation’s economic growth and the fate of the domestic industrial bourgeoisie were tied to the state patronage and foreign capital that had grown in tandem with rising oil revenues from 1963 onward, the post-revolutionary economy aspired to achieve freedom from these dependent economic relations. With the establishment of an Islamic economic system, the revolutionary leaders hoped to rid the country of the corrupting influences of Western capitalism and the injustices of Pahlavi rule altogether. In particular, by building on the participation in the revolutionary movement not only of religious groups but also of secular intellectuals and leftist activists, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran envisaged an economy capable of “achieving the economic independence of the society, uprooting poverty and deprivation, and fulfilling human needs in the process of development while preserving human liberty.”2 Thirty years after the victory of that revolutionary movement, many of these goals remain far from achievement. In particular, given the economy’s continued reliance on petroleum, Iranian society does not seem to have achieved economic independence. As the recipient of significant foreign exchange through the sale of crude oil, and as a net importer of refined gasoline, not only does the state find itself inescapably tied to the global economy, but also it dominates the domestic economy, leaving society hugely dependent. Similarly, although poverty has declined since the end of the Iran-Iraq War, it has not been uprooted, and there is even evidence of an increase in urban poverty since 2000.3 Finally, it is far from clear that Iran’s economic system has contributed to the somewhat vague goals of the fulfillment of human needs and the preservation of human liberty in the country. Indeed, the vast oil wealth that this system places at the government’s disposal has tended to be distributed unequally, directed primarily toward the “human needs” of the ruling administration’s supporters. With so much of the nation’s resources channeled in favor of elite groups connected to the state, the protection of “human liberty” for all Iranians remains a challenge. © 2012 Evaleila Pesaran for selection and editorial matter.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136488382; 9780415678667},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Navigating Contemporary Iran: Challenging Economic, Social and Political Perceptions},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Gregoratti201395,
author={Gregoratti, C.},
title={The United Nations Global Compact and development},
journal={Business Regulation and Non-State Actors: Whose Standards? Whose Development?},
year={2013},
pages={95-108},
doi={10.4324/9780203126929-16},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123143269&doi=10.4324%2f9780203126929-16&partnerID=40&md5=6ea08f47eb4f7f5b25ce8bfc0c98d925},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, Lund University, Sweden},
abstract={The origins and objectives of the United Nations Global Compact The emergence of the Compact is intimately bound to the influence of corporate actors (Smith 2010) and the penetration of neoliberal ideas of corporate regulation and development within the United Nations. A turning point in the history of UN-business relations occurred in January 1999 when, in an historic speech to business leaders gathered at the World Economic Forum, the UN SecretaryGeneral, Kofi Annan, proposed to ‘initiate a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market’ and would insulate the global economy from the vulnerability of backlashes of the post-cold war order (UN Press Release 1999). As John Ruggie, the Compact’s intellectual architect, recalls in an interview: ‘we realized that what we were trying to do here, essentially, was to provide little pockets of voluntary global governance’ (emphasis added).2 Imbued with the constructivist thinking of its progenitor, the Compact was designed primarily as an initiative for businesses to learn about and demonstrate commitment to selected universal principles (see Box 6.1). Additionally, it was conceived as a platform for dialogue and learning, as well as to elicit positive social change through the normative pressure arising from the engagement of antagonistic social forces, particularly businesses, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and trade unions (Ruggie 2003). © 2012 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).},
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Available, accessed April 2011; Chahoud, T., (2007) Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in India -Assessing the UN Global Compact’s Role, , Study 26, Bonn: Deutsche Institut für Entwicklungspolitik; Cox, R.W., The crisis in world order and the challenge to international organization (1994) Cooperation and Conflict, 29 (2), pp. 99-113; Deva, S., Global Compact: A critique of the UN’s public-private partnerships for promoting corporate citizenship (2006) Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 34 (107), pp. 106-151; Elias, J., Stevenson, H., Women work and labour standards (2009) Ethics, Law and Society, 4. , J. Gunning, S. Holm and I. Kenway (eds), Aldershot: Ashgate; Elson, D., Human rights and corporate profits: The UN Global Compact -part of the solution or part of the problem? (2004) Global Tensions: Challenges and Opportunities in the World Economy, pp. 45-64. , Lourdes Benería and Savitri Bisnath, London: Routledge; Fox, T., Corporate social responsibility and development: In quest of an agenda (2004) Development, 47 (3), pp. 29-36; (2008) The Global Compact Office delists 394 companies, , http://globalcompactcritics.blogspot.com/2008/01/global-compact-office-delists-394.html, The Global Compact Critics, 29 January. Available, accessed 15 January 2010; (2009) Ban Ki-Moon calls for a Global Compact 2.0, , http://globalcompactcritics.blogspot.com/2009/02/ban-ki-moon-calls-for-global-compact-20.html, The Global Compact Critics, 2 February. Available, accessed 22 January 2010; Gregoratti, C., (2009) The UN Global Compact: A critical appraisal, , unpublished PhD thesis, University of Manchester; Gregoratti, C., Growing sustainable business in Eastern Africa: The potential and limits of partnerships for development (2010) Corporate Social Responsibility and Regulatory Governance: Towards Inclusive Development?, , Peter Utting and José Carlos Marquez (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan and UNRISD; (2007) Sustainable Development through the Global Compact, , www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--ed_mas/--eval/documents/publication/wcms_116584.pdf, Evaluation Summaries, Geneva: ILO. Available, accessed 30 May 2010; (2008) UNGC Complaint against PetroChina, , http://investorsagainstgenocide.net/2008-1215%20UNGC%20complaint%20against%20PetroChina.pdf, 15 December. Available, accessed 15 January 2010; (2008) GLOBAL: LifeStraw water purifier grows into family size, , www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=76548, 4 February. Available, accessed 28 May 2010; Kell, G., The Global Compact and the challenges of development (2003) Global Future -A World Vision Journal of Human Development, pp. 1-3. , Third Quarter; Kell, G., The Global Compact: Selected experiences and reflections (2005) Journal of Business Ethics, 59, pp. 69-79; Lettieri, C., (2004) The GC Network in Brazil: Mapping environmental challenges and key actors, , paper presented at the First UN Global Compact Academic Conference on Bridging the Gap: Sustainable Environment, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 22 September; Nason, W.R., Structuring the global marketplace: The impact of the United Nations Global Compact (2008) Journal of Macromarketing, 28 (4), pp. 418-425; Rasche, A., A necessary supplement: What the United Nations Global Compact is and is not (2009) Business and Society, 48, pp. 511-517; Rieth, L., Zimmer, M., Hamman, R., Hanks, J., The UN Global Compact in sub-Saharan Africa -decentralisation and effectiveness (2007) Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 28, pp. 99-112; (2003) The Development Dimension of the UN Global Compact, , http://ringalliance.org/ring/documents/global_compact.pdf, The RING Alliance of Policy Research Organizations, July. Available, accessed 5 January 2010; Ruggie, J.G., global_governance.net: The Global Compact as Learning Network (2001) Global Governance, 7, pp. 371-378; Ruggie, J.G., The theory and practice of learning networks: Corporate social responsibility and the Global Compact (2002) Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 5, pp. 27-36; Ruggie, J.G., Taking embedded liberalism global: The corporate connection (2003) Taming Globalization: Frontiers of Governance, , David Held and Mathias Koening-Archibugi (eds), Cambridge: Polity Press; Ruggie, J.G., Reconstituting the global public domain -issue, actors and practices (2004) European Journal of International Relations, 10 (4), pp. 499-531; Smith, J., Power, interests, and the United Nations Global Compact (2010) The Challenges of Global Business Authority, , Tony Porter and Karsten Ronit (eds), New York: Suny Press; Soederberg, S., Taming corporations or buttressing market-led development? A critical assessment of the Global Compact (2007) Globalizations, 4 (4), pp. 500-513; (2007) Joining forces for change: Demonstrating innovation and impact through UN-business partnerships, , www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/news_events/8.1/Joining_forces_for_change.pdf, New York: UN Global Compact Office, July. Available, accessed 20 January 2010; (2009) United Nations Global Compact -Local Network Reports 2008, , www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/networks_around_world_doc/Local_Network_Report_2008.pdf, New York: UN Global Compact Office, May. Available, accessed 16 January 2010; About us, , www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/TheTenPrinciples/index.html, (n.d.), ‘The Ten Principles’. Online. Available, accessed January 2010; (2007) Annual Activity Report -sustainable development thanks to the Global Compact, , www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/networks_around_world_doc/Annual_Reports_2007/Morocco_Annual_Activity_Report_2007.pdf, October. Available, accessed 30 May 2010; (2007) The Complete Oral History Transcripts from UN Voices, , New York: Ralph Bunch Institute for International Studies, The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York; Secretary-General proposes Global Compact on human rights, labour, environment in address to World Economic Forum in Davos (1999) Press Release SG/SM6881, , 1 February; Utting, P., (2000) UN business partnerships: Whose agenda counts?, , paper presented at seminar on Partnerships for Development or Privatization of the Multilateral System, organized by the North-South Coalition, Oslo, 8 December; Utting, P., The Global Compact and civil society: Averting a collision in course? (2002) Development in Practice, 12 (5), pp. 644-647; Utting, P., Corporate impact (2005) Courrier de la Planète, (74). , www.courrierdelaplanete.org/74EN/article5.html, Available, accessed 10 January 2010; Zammit, A., (2003) Development at Risk: Rethinking UN-Business Partnerships, , Geneva: South Centre},
correspondence_address1={Gregoratti, C.; Department of Political Science, Sweden},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136459368; 9780415593113},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Regulation and Non-State Actors: Whose Standards? Whose Development?},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Rostami-Povey2013187,
author={Rostami-Povey, E.},
title={Iran’s regional influence},
journal={Navigating Contemporary Iran: Challenging Economic, Social and Political Perceptions},
year={2013},
pages={187-196},
doi={10.4324/9780203136911-22},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123142780&doi=10.4324%2f9780203136911-22&partnerID=40&md5=0eff9d670f132f2fe74f4179c7c89048},
affiliation={Centre for Media and Film Studies, United Kingdom; Centre for Gender Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, United Kingdom},
abstract={In this chapter my task is twofold. First I will discuss the internal political dynamics of Iran since 1979, which have led to the emergence of an important democracy movement. Over the past three decades, Iran has emerged as a religio-political state - a state which not only considers religious issues but also places emphasis on nationalist and anti-imperialist ideologies. Despite the religious character, its political fabric is a mix of democracy and theocracy; authoritarianism and populism; developmentalism and social conservatism.2 My analysis of the internal political dynamics of Iran since the 1979 Revolution demonstrates that the contradictions inherent in the Islamic state are shifting the boundaries of conservative Islam, leading to the emergence of an important democracy movement. Second I will discuss the perception of Iran’s foreign policy since the 1979 Revolution which has been popular with the majority in the Middle East. I will argue that Iran’s influence in the region reflects how various communities in different countries perceive Iran’s foreign policy in contrast to US foreign policy - despite diverse religious and nationalist identities, in the face of the War on Terror, neo-liberalism, neo-conservatism and Zionism, the majority of the people in the Middle East identify with Iran’s stance against the United States and Israel. This chapter is based on the testimonies of those Iranians, Iraqis, Lebanese, Palestinians and Egyptians, activists and academics with diverse political views ranging from Islamist modernists, secular left and nationalists and feminists, who I interviewed throughout 2007-2009 in Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and the United Kingdom. The level of violence in Iraq did not allow me to travel to Iraq. Instead I interviewed Iraqis in Syria, Iran and the United Kingdom Most analysts in the West portray Iran as a religiously conservative phenomenon and ignore the socio-economic transformation which has brought about the powerful democracy movement consisting of women’s rights activists, students and trade unionists. Too often, the West has ignored the very real socio-economic achievements brought about by the 1979 Revolution, preferring to view it solely as a religiously ‘fundamentalist’ phenomenon. Yet, to ignore this side of Iran’s development is a mistake, since it is such socio-economic transformation, which has brought about the powerful democracy movement in the country. Throughout the late twentieth century, and until today, there have been contradictory changes in the economy and society of Iran. Following the 1979 Revolution, the Islamic state distributed wealth and provided social welfare to the majority of the population. This was in contrast to the secular pro-West state of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979), the policies of which in the 1960s and 1970s only served to enrich a small elite and did little to develop the rest of the country. The economy of Iran, as a rentier state, depends on the oil revenue - 80 percent of total state income is from oil. Throughout the 1990s and until today, Iran has undergone massive socio-economic and human development. Economic development has led to urbanization (70 percent of the population lives in cities), a higher literacy rate (89 percent in urban areas and 75 percent in rural areas) and the emergence of a modern working classes.3 The presence of a young, ethnically integrated and educated population with different levels of religiosity and secularity is clearly visible in the public sphere, especially the greater participation of women in public life. They challenge the very state which has brought about these developments. The relatively improved health, education and employment have raised people’s socio-political consciousness and have led to the development of women’s organizations, student organizations and workers organizations. In the 1990s the pressure from below led to the reformist government of Mohammad Khatami (1997-2005). As discussed in the chapters in this book, this is the period of expansion and empowerment of civil society organizations, media and social movement activism. The more democratic elements within the reform movement called for a massive extension of democracy. The Islamist modernists or ‘religious new thinkers’ (roshanfekran-e dini) are a vital component of this movement. They believe that religion cannot impose on the will of the people. Instead its role in politics must be legitimized through popular support which will open the way not only to reform laws and regulations but also to build a social movement based on democracy. The Islamist modernists are both inside and outside the system, and they are often willing to ally with secularists, democratic nationalists and the left. They have far broader grassroots support than other groups of Islamists in the movement. At the economic level, all governments since the end of the Iran-Iraq War (1988) have embraced neo-liberalism, privatization and opening up to the global economy, under the control of a strong state. The demise of the interventionist state since the mid-1990s has led to a rise in unemployment, decline in social services and falling standards of living. In 2005, the conservative candidate Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who ran on an anti-poverty and anti-corruption platform, became the president. However, poverty and corruption increased and privatization intensified, under state control. The economic problems together with political repression increased the grievances of a large part of the population who demonstrated their opposition in the post-June 2009 election uprising. © 2012 Elaheh Rostami-Povey for selection and editorial matter.},
correspondence_address1={Rostami-Povey, E.; Centre for Gender Studies, United Kingdom},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136488382; 9780415678667},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Navigating Contemporary Iran: Challenging Economic, Social and Political Perceptions},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wilczynski2013100,
author={Wilczynski, R.},
title={Financing instruments to combat the crisis},
journal={Innovation and Finance},
year={2013},
pages={100-114},
doi={10.4324/9780203797747-11},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121891564&doi=10.4324%2f9780203797747-11&partnerID=40&md5=2e86a2cb270cdded244e67ea3c3426e9},
affiliation={Warsaw University of Finance and Management, Poland},
abstract={Recent decades have witnessed a strong development of the financial sector, increasingly affecting the real economy. The surge in quantity, quality and diversity of financial market participants, instruments and procedures, as well as of resources, is indeed remarkable. Numerous studies have shown that, over time, financial development has been increasingly driven by two major factors: innovation and globalization. A wave of financial innovations has helped multiply the volume of available funding. Simultaneously, the process of globalizing the financial markets has progressed at an extraordinary space. It has been fueled by factors of different natures, such as the IT revolution, capital account liberalization, deregulation of financial sectors and cross-national expansion of huge financial institutions. Financial development feeds into the macroeconomic performance of individual countries and of the global economy. There is broad agreement that financial stability is desirable for economic growth. In particular, international financial stability is perceived as a non-rival, non-excludable public good (Kanbur 2002). As such, it should be pursued by all stakeholders with an interest in maintaining it, as a lack of stability entails undesirable costs for them. The issue of which system is the most conducive to the achievement of international financial stability as well as for reaping benefits to economic growth from financial development is, however, more debatable. One view being advocated is that international financial stability is, by and large, achieved via a system of competitive financial markets, which provides an adequate environment for independent policies of actors such as sovereigns and profit-maximizing investors. Such a framework helps avoid excess volatilities and positively affects growth. The concept of an efficient market can be traced back to the work of Samuelson (1965). A market-clearing mechanism appears to be instrumental to the efficiency of allocation. Within that approach, financial innovations and financial globalization are regarded as important facilitators of economic growth. Under the market system, incentives for innovations, such as profit-maximizing or risk-optimizing behavior, are strong. New and improved financial products, procedures and institutions pave the way for the expansion of economic activity by facilitating the process of trading and risk-pooling, by raising the percentage of savings available for investment, and by improving the allocation of capital and producing higher total factor productivity (McKinnon 1973; Levine 1997). These positive effects are enhanced when financial innovations are allowed to work worldwide. Free financial movements are considered fundamentally sound. An improved diversification of risk and better allocation of capital are beneficial not only to growth, but also to the stability of consumption (Fischer 1998; Summers 2000; Henry 2007). A contrasting view rests on the assumption of imperfect and inefficient markets. Inefficiency is attributed to such distorting factors as information asymmetries, herding behavior or principal-agent problems (Greenwald and Stiglitz 1986). Both financial innovations and financial globalization are producing and channeling considerable risks for the stability of the international financial system. In particular, the synchronized and simultaneous behavior of large fractions of market participants within the global financial network multiplies the effects of single decisions and leads to a systemic risk of excessive price volatilities. New financial products are complex and not well understood by all market participants, thereby reducing transparency and contributing to the underpricing of risk (Dorrucci and McKay 2011). Securitization and sales of products to distant investors bring about a weakening of lending standards. Fast profitseeking and innovative financial institutions attempt to lower their costs and, therefore, expand activities into the least regulated environment. It is further recognized that financial globalization is aggravating risks by producing cross-border externalities and spreading them worldwide. These developments activate and fuel the process of financial contagion across the globe. It is therefore argued that the system of free global financial markets tends to produce excessive volatilities when markets switch from euphoria to excessive pessimism which cannot be appropriately priced through a pattern of the risk premium and returns (Griffith-Jones 2003). In particular, international financial flows may not result in the equalizing of currency-adjusted and risk-adjusted rates of return everywhere. Abrupt, market-led adjustments undermine the stability of the international financial system. In small open economies different causes of financial stress are usually translated into problems in the balance of payments. This refers to both external factors, such as terms of trade shocks or sudden reversals of capital flows, and domestic factors, which include excessive budget financing needs or run-on deposits. External shocks are more likely to lead to balance of payments tensions in economies with non-reserve currencies, even if sound policies are pursued. However, large fiscal deficits and the accumulation of domestic debt may also add to external debt which is further increased by the usually depreciating currency. Recent decades have seen many balance of payments crisis episodes in emerging economies, from Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s, through East Asia, Russia and Brazil in the 1990s to Argentina, Turkey, Ecuador, Nigeria, Venezuela and several European economies over the 2000s. Increasing reversals in international capital flows have posed persistent risk to external balances in emerging economies. Some of these crises have ended as sovereign defaults. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, however, some advanced economies, particularly from the Eurozone periphery, were also affected by serious sovereign external problems. Financial imbalances tend to expand, usually at high speed, across sectors and countries. In 2007 the crisis in the local financial subsector initiated developments that have diffused externally, creating, over time, fears of a global currency war. The view challenging the efficiency of financial markets calls for an inevitable and active policy involvement required to address the balance of payment crisis. Financial contagion, which is speeding up and producing many considerable externalities, may create problems which cannot be dealt with exclusively by individual countries. Approaching international financial stability as a global public good implies, therefore, that coordinated, international actions are more effective than the market mechanism as instruments of response to a financial crisis. © 2014 selection and editorial material, Andreas Pyka and Hans-Peter Burghof.},
references={Ahearne, A., Pisani-Ferry, J., Sapir, A., Veron, N., (2006) Global Governance. An Agenda for Europe, , Breugel Policy Brief No. 7; Arslanalp, S., Henry, P.B., (2003) Is Debt Relief Efficient?, , Stanford Graduate School of Business Paper No. 1837; Borensztein, E., Panizza, U., (2008) The Costs of Sovereign Debt, , IMF Working Paper No. 238; Clark, P., Huang, H., (2001) International Financial Contagion and the IMF. A Theoretical Framework, , IMF Working Paper No. 137; Dorucci, E., McKay, J., (2011) The Financial Crisis and the Strengthening of Global Policy Coordination, , ECB Monthly Bulletin, January; Fahrholz, C., Wójcik, C., (2010) The Bail-Out. Positive Political Economics of Greek-type Crises in the EMU, , CASE Network Studies and Analyses, No. 413; Fischer, S., (1998) Capital Account Liberalization and the Role of the IMF in: Should the IMF Pursue Capital Account Convertibility?, , Essays in International Finance No. 207, Princeton University; Greenwald, B.C., Stiglitz, J.E., Externalities in Economies with Imperfect Information and Incomplete Markets (1986) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101; Griffith-Jones, S., International Financial System and Market Efficiency as a Global Public Good (2003) Providing Global Public Goods-Managing Globalization, , in: I. Kaul, P. Conceição, K. Le Goulven and R.U. Mendoza (eds), Oxford University Press; Henry, P.B., Capital Account Liberalization: Theory, Evidence and Speculation (2007) Journal of Economic Literature, 45 (4); (2011) Assessing Reserve Adequacy, , Washington DC; Jeanne, O., Ostry, J., Zettelmeyer, J., (2008) A Theory of International Crisis lending and IMF Conditionality, , IMF Working Paper No. 236; Kanbur, R., (2002) International Financial Institutions and International Public Goods:Operational Implications for the World Bank, , G-24 Discussion Papers No. 19; Levine, R., Financial development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda (1997) Journal of Economic Literature, 35 (2); Mateos, Lago, I., Duttagupta, R., Goyul, R., (2009) The Debate on the International Monetary System, , IMF Staff Position Note No. 26; McKinnon, R.I., (1973) Money and Capital in Economic Development, , Brookings Institution, Washington DC; Ortiz, G., (2002) Recent Emerging Market Crises-What Have We Learned?, , Per Jacobson Lecture, July 7, Basel; Ostry, J., Ghosh, A.R., Habermaier, K., Channou, M., Qureshi, M., Reinhardt, D., (2010) Capital Inflows. The Role of Controls, , IMF Staff Position Note No. 4; Summers, L.H., International Financial Crises: Causes (2000) Prevention and Cures, 90 (2). , American Economic Review; Samuelson, P.A., (1965) Proof That Properly Anticipated Prices Fluctuate Randomly, 6. , Industrial Management Review; Vasquez, I., The Brady Plan and Market-Based Solutions to Debt Crises (1996) Cato Journal, 16 (2); Williamson, J., Griffith-Jones, S., Gottschalk, R., (2003) Should Capital Controls Have a Place in the Future International Monetary System?, , A paper for a meeting of the International Monetary Convention held by Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee 13-14 May, Madrid},
correspondence_address1={Wilczynski, R.; Warsaw University of Finance and ManagementPoland},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135084912; 9780415696852},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Innovation and Finance},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Beehler2013277,
author={Beehler, J.M. and Luethge, D.J.},
title={Achieving Success Through Quality: The Role of Accreditation and Continuous Improvement in Management Education},
journal={Innovation, Technology and Knowledge Management},
year={2013},
pages={277-291},
doi={10.1007/978-1-4614-4590-6_16},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121580773&doi=10.1007%2f978-1-4614-4590-6_16&partnerID=40&md5=de049c6297e632bf274c230a4dbc86fa},
affiliation={Haile/US Bank College of Business Northern Kentuky University, Nunn Drive, BEP Center, Highland Heights, 41099, United States},
abstract={Management educators must all be concerned with the future of business and commerce worldwide. This concern can take various forms. On a macro level, it is important that the economies of the world prosper and grow. This will lead to increased standards of living for all of our citizens and will help us deal with many of those problems that plague us, including poverty, illiteracy, health, crime, and war. Improved management education is the foundation for continued economic progress. With economic progress comes the ability to fund initiatives that improve life for our world’s citizenry. In addition, economic interdependency between countries reduces the probability for war and conflict. Countries that trade together find a common ground in order to cooperate and collaborate across many dimensions. We are all interconnected in the global economy. This is particularly evident today, as illustrated by the events surrounding the current global recession. © 2012, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
author_keywords={AACSB International;  Association Of MBAs (AMBA);  Current Global Recession;  European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS);  Management Education Community},
references={AACSB international (2002) Management educationat risk. Report of the management education task force to the AACSB International Board of Directors, retrieved 3 April 2008 from. http://www.gfme.org/issues/pdfs/Management%20Education%20at%20 Risk.pdf; (2005) The Business School Rankings Dilemma, , Tampa, Florida. Task force of AACSB international’s committee on issues in management education; AACSB International (2008) The AACSB guide to business education: 2008 data direct from the source. Tampa, Florida. AACSB International Knowledge Services; Anderson, B.L., From data to strategy: Understanding worldwide trends in graduate management education. GMAC Annual industry conference: reach beyond the horizon (2007) Graduate Management Admission Council, pp. 1-7; AMBA (Association of MBAs) (n. d.) retrieved 3 April 2009 from. http://www.mbaworld.com MBAWorld/jsp/images/accreditation/pdf/MBAMBA_criteria_0807.pdf; Cornuel, E., The role of business schools in society (2005) J Manag Dev, 24 (9), pp. 819-829; Cornuel, E., University challenge (2007) Global Focus, 1 (1), pp. 10-14; Cornuel, E., Quo vadis? (2008) Global Focus, 2 (2), pp. 24-27; Cornuel, E., The road ahead for European management education (2008) Global Focus, 2 (3), pp. 20-22; Dameron, S., Durand, T., 20–20 vision: A dual strategy for European business schools (2009) Global Focus, 3 (1), pp. 22-25; Davis, S., Botkin, J., (1994) The Monster under the Bed: How Business is Mastering the Opportunity of Knowledge for Profit, , Simon and Schuster, New York; The bologna process: Towards the European higher education process, 13 Aug 2007 (2007) Retrieved 27 Mar 2009 From, , http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/educ/bologna/bologna_en.html; EFMD (n. d.) retrieved 9 April 2009 from. www.efmd.org; The global management education landscape: Shaping the future of business schools (2008) Retrieved 9 April 2009 From, , http://www.gfme.org/landscape/reportonlineversion.pdf; A global guide to management education (2006) Retrieved 9 April 2009 From, , http://www.gfme.org/global_guide/index.htm; Glosten, L.R., Recalibrating the core (2009) Bized, pp. 48-49; Greensted, C., Do business schools need formal quality assurance systems? (2008) Global Focus, 2 (1), pp. 18-21; Hamel, G., (2007) The Future of Management, , Harvard Business School Press, Boston; Hawawini, G., The future of business schools (2005) J Manag Dev, 24 (9), pp. 770-782; Herro, A., Sustainability is growing theme of business schools. World watch Institute, Oct 23, retrieved Aug 27 (2006) 2009 From, , http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4687; Jain, D.C., Anticipating the future (2008) Bized, pp. 38-43; Leclair, D., Reflections on the GFME report (2008) Global Focus, 2 (2), pp. 30-33; Loades, R., (2005) Exploring the Consequences of Bologna, pp. 10-13. , Forum, Summer; Mair, D., Think global, act global Australian Financial Review (2002) April, p. 4; Mattioli D (2009) Professor says business schools and students can take away lessons from financial crisis. Wall Street Journal Online, Aug 20, 2009, retrieved Aug 27, 2009 from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125072494060444569.html; Mintzberg, H., Gosling, J., Educating managers beyond borders (2002) Acad Manag Learn Educ, 1 (1), pp. 64-76; Perrin-Halot, J., Thomas, M., (2008) Vive l’accréditation, pp. 32-36. , BizEd, Sep/Oct; Pfeffer, J., Fong, C.T., The end of business schools? Less success than meets the eye (2002) Acad Manag Learn Educ, 1 (1), pp. 78-95; Pfeffer, J., Fong, C.T., The business school ‘business’: Some lessons from the US experience (2004) J Manage Stud, 41 (8), pp. 1501-1519; Roller, R.H., Andrews, B.K., Bovee, S.L., Specialized accreditation of business schools: A comparison of alternative costs, benefits and motivations (2003) J Educ Bus, 78 (4), pp. 197-2004; Rousseau, D.M., (2008) On Organizational Behavior. Bized, pp. 30-31; Scherer, R.F., Javalgi, R.G., Bryant, M., Tukel, O., Challenges of AACSB International accreditation for business schools in the United States and Europe (2005) Thunderbird Inter-National Business Review, 47 (6), pp. 651-669; Shinn, S., Earning excellence (2008) Bized, pp. 26-31; Shinn, S., Dial M for mobile (2009) Bized, pp. 32-39; Smith, N.C., Ethics and social responsibility (2008) Bized, pp. 28-29; Starkey, K., Hatchuel, A., Tempest, S., Rethinking the business school (2004) J Manag Stud, 41 (8), pp. 1521-1531; Thomas, H., Business school strategy and the metrics for success (2009) Global Focus, 3 (1), pp. 36-39; Urgel, J., EQUIS accreditation: Value and benefits for international business schools (2007) Global Focus, 1 (1), pp. 32-36; Zammuto, R.F., Accreditation and the globalization of business (2008) Acad Manag Learn Educ, 7 (2), pp. 256-268; Zimmerman, J.L., Can American business schools survive? Rochester Unpublished manuscript (2001) Simon Graduate School of Business Administration},
correspondence_address1={Beehler, J.M.; Haile/US Bank College of Business Northern Kentuky University, Nunn Drive, BEP Center, United States; email: beehlerj1@nku.edu},
publisher={Springer},
issn={21975698},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Innov. Technol. Knowl. Manag.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Chi-Kwan20131,
author={Chi-Kwan, M.},
title={China and the world since 1945: An international history},
journal={China and the World since 1945: An International History},
year={2013},
pages={1-144},
doi={10.4324/9780203804964},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076133037&doi=10.4324%2f9780203804964&partnerID=40&md5=7ed79e6fb0fe1f238bae153de0d60de6},
affiliation={Royal Holloway College, University of London, United Kingdom},
abstract={The emergence of China as a dominant regional power with global influence is a significant phenomenon in the twenty-first century. Its origin could be traced back to 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong came to power and vowed to transform China and the world. After the ‘century of humiliation’, China was in constant search of a new identity on the world stage. From alliance with the Soviet Union in the 1950s, China normalized relations with America in the 1970s and embraced the global economy and the international community since the 1980s. This book examines China’s changing relations with the two superpowers, Asian neighbours, Third World countries, and European powers. China and the World since 1945 offers an overview of China’s involvement in the Korean War, the Sino-Soviet split, Sino-American rapprochement, the end of the Cold War, and globalization. It assess the roles of security, ideology, and domestic politics in Chinese foreign policy and provides a synthesis of the latest archival-based research on China’s diplomatic history and Cold War international history This engaging new study examines the rise of China from a long-term historical perspective and will be essential to students of Chinese history and contemporary international relations. © 2012 Chi-kwan Mark. All rights reserved.},
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Knopf; Gries, P.H., About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, from Nixon to Clinton, pp. 98-108, 128-33; Kim, S.S., China and the United Nations (1999) China Joins the World: Progress and Prospects, p. 80. , Michael Oksenberg and Elizabeth Economy, New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press; Yahuda, M., (2004) The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific, p. 298. , 2nd edition (London: RoutledgeCurzon; Sutter, R.G., (2010) Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War, p. 233. , 2nd edition (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield; Moore, T.G., Chinese Foreign Policy in the Age of Globalization (2005) China Rising: Power and Motivation in Chinese Foreign Policy, pp. 121-158. , Yong Deng and Fei-Ling Wang, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield; Sutter, R.G., (2010) Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold, pp. 70-71. , War, 2nd edition (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield; Li, L., Yuan, L., Siying, Z., (2009) Breaking Through: The Birth of China’s Opening-Up Policy, pp. 425-426. , New York: Oxford University Press; Yueh, L., China and the Global Financial Crisis: Responses and Outlook (2010) China Review, 50, pp. 23-25. , Summer; Shambaugh, D., (2008) China’s Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation, pp. 152-157. , Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Lampton, D.M., (2008) The Three Faces of Chinese Power: Might, Money, and Minds, pp. 33-34. , Berkeley: University of California Press; Blanchard, J.-M.F., Guo, S., Introduction: “Harmonious World�? and China’s New Foreign Policy (2008) Harmonious World and China’s New Foreign Policy, pp. 2-3. , Jean-Marc F. 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(2009) The Pacific Review, 22 (2), pp. 205-232; Ash, R., Europes Commercial Relations with China (2008) China-Europe Relations: Perceptions, Policies and Prospects, p. 213. , David Shambaugh, Eberhard Sandschneider, and Zhou Hong, London: Routledge; Zhongping, F., Promoting the Deeper Development of China-EU Relations (2007) The International Politics of Eu-China Relations, pp. 268-271. , David Kerr and Liu Fei, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Callahan, W.A., (2010) China: The Pessoptimist Nation, pp. 9-10. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kurlantzick, J., (2007) Charm Offensive: How Chinas Soft Power is Transforming the World, pp. 37-42. , New Haven: Yale University Press; Ross, R.S., Feng, Z., (2008) China’s Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Feng, Z., China’s Rise Will Be Peaceful: How Unipolarity Matters China’s Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics, pp. 34-54. , Ross and Zhu; Shirk, S.L., (2007) China: Fragile Superpower, p. 255. , New York: Oxford University Press; Dikôtter, F., (2008) The Age of Openness: China before Mao, , Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press; Bamouin, B., Yu, C., (1998) Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution, , London: Kegan Paul International; Bernstein, T.P., Li, H.-Y., (2010) China Learns from the Soviet Union, 1949-Present, , Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield; Brown, J., Pickowicz, P.G., (2007) Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of The People’s Republic of China, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Callahan, W.A., (2010) China: The Pessoptimist Nation, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Chen, J., (1994) China’s Road to The Korean War: The Making of The Sino-American Confrontation, , New York: Columbia University Press; Chen, J., (2001) Mao’s China and the Cold War, , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press; Dittmer, L., (1992) Sino-Soviet Normalization and Its International Implications 1945-1990, , Seattle: University of Washington Press; Foot, R., (2000) Rights beyond Borders: The Global Community and The Struggle over Human Rights in China, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Fravel, M.T., (2008) Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China’s Territorial Disputes, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Garver, J., (1993) Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China, Englewood Cliffs, , N.J.: Prentice Hall; Goncharov, S.N., Lewis, J.W., Xue, L., (1993) Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Gries, P.H., (2004) China’s New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Han, N., (1990) Diplomacy of Contemporary China, , Hong Kong: New Horizon Press; Hunt, M.H., (1996) The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy, , New York: Columbia University Press; Keith, R.C., (1989) The Diplomacy of Zhou Enlai, , London: Macmillan; Lampton, D.M., (2001) The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Li, L., Translated By Ling, Y., Zhang, S., (2009) Breaking Through: The Birth of China’ S Opening-Up Policy, , New York: Oxford University Press; Liu, X., (2001) Chinese Ambassadors: The Rise of Diplomatic Professionalism since 1949, , Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press; Luthi, L.M., (2008) The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Mitter, R., (2004) A Bitter Revolution: China’s Struggle with the Modern World, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Nathan, A.J., Ross, R.S., (1997) The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress: China’s Search for Security, , New York: W. W. Norton; Qing, S., (2007) From Allies to Enemies: Visions of Modernity, Identity, and U.S.-China Diplomacy, 1945-1960, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Radchenko, S., (2009) Two Suns in The Heavens: The Sino-Soviet Struggle for Supremacy, 1962-1967, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Richardson, S., (2010) China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, , New York: Columbia University Press; Roberts, P., (2006) Behind the Bamboo Curtain: China, Vietnam, and the World beyond Asia, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Robinson, T.W., Shambaugh, D., (1995) Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Sheng, M.M., (1997) Battling Western Imperialism: Mao, Stalin, and the United States, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Shih, C.-Y., (1993) China’s Just World: The Morality of Chinese Foreign Policy, , Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Scott, D., (2007) China Stands Up: The PRC and The International System, , London: Routledge; Wang, G., (1995) The Chinese Way: China S Position in International Relations, , Oslo: Scandinavian University Press; Westad, O.A., (1993) Cold War and Revolution: Soviet-American Rivalry and the Origins of the Chinese Civil War, 1944-1946, , New York: Columbia University Press; Westad, O.A., (1998) Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of The Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1963, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Whiting, A.S., (1968) China Crosses the Yalu, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Xia, Y., (2006) Negotiating with the Enemy: Us-China Talks during the Cold War, 1949-1972, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Zhai, Q., (2000) China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975, , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press; Zhang, S.G., (1992) Deterrence and Strategic Culture: Chinese-American Confrontations 1949-1958, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Zhang, S.G., (1995) Mao’ S Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950-1953, , Lawrence: University Press of Kansas; Zhao, K.K., (1996) Zhou Enlai and the Foundations of Chinese Foreign Policy, , New York: Macmillan},
correspondence_address1={Chi-Kwan, M.; Royal Holloway College, United Kingdom},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136644771; 9780415606509},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={China and the World since 1945: An International History},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sassen2013187,
author={Sassen, S.},
title={Cracked casings: Notes towards an analytics for studying transnational processes},
journal={New Transnational Social Spaces: International Migration and Transnational Companies in the Early Twenty-First Century},
year={2013},
pages={187-202},
doi={10.4324/9780203469392-20},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069577183&doi=10.4324%2f9780203469392-20&partnerID=40&md5=5d2297a5a70c7ddae89f4c4dc2c9a8e1},
affiliation={University of Chicago, United States},
abstract={Transnational processes such as economic globalization confront the social sciences with a series of theoretical and methodological challenges. In the case of today's global economy, such a challenge comes out of the fact that it simultaneously transcends the authority of the national state, yet is at least partly implanted in national territories and institutions. As a result, economic globalization directly engages two marking features of much social science: the explicit or implicit assumption about the nation-state as the container of social processes and the implied correspondence of national territory and national exclusive territoriality (the institutional encasement of that territory). Both these assumptions describe conditions that have held for a long time ~ throughout much of the history of the modern state since World War I and in some cases even earlier. But these conditions are now being partly unbundled. © 200 I Ludger Pries for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors their contributions.},
references={Aman, A., Jr., Alfred, C., A global perspective on current regulatory reform: Rejection, relocation, or reinvention? (1995) Indianajournal of Global Legal Studies, 2, pp. 429-464; Basch, L., Schiller, N.G., Szanton-Blanc, C., (1994) Nations Unbound: Transnationalized Projects and the Deterritorialized Nation-State, , New York: Gordon & Breach; Brenner, N., Global, fragmented, hierarchical: Henri lefebvres geographies of globalization�? (1997) Public Culture, 10 (1), pp. 135-167; Castells, M., (1989) The Informational City, , Oxford: Blackwell; Franck, T.M., The emerging right to democratic governance (1992) American Journal of International Law, 86 (1), pp. 46-91; Friedmann, J., The world city hypothesis (1986) Development and Change, 17, pp. 69-84; Graham, S., Marvin, S., (1996) Telecommunications and the City: Electronic Spaces, Urban Places, , London: Routledge; Grasmuck, S., Pessar, P., (1991) Between Two Islands: Dominican International Migration, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Heisler, M., Transnational migration as a small window on the diminished autonomy of the modern democratic state (1986) Annals, (485), pp. 153-166. , American Academy of Political and Social Science, May; Henkin, L., (1990) The Age of Rights, , New York: Columbia University Press; Hitz, H., Lehrer, U., Keil, R., (1995) Capitales Fatales, , Zurich: Rotpunkt Verlag; Jessop, R., (1990) State Theory: Putting Capitalist States in Their Place, , University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; Knox, P.L., Taylor, P.J., (1995) World Cities in a World-System, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Kratochwil, F., Of systems, boundaries and territoriality (1986) World Politics, 34; Mahler, S., (1995) American Dreaming: Immigrant Life on the Margins, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Mittelman, J., Globalization: Critical reflections (1996) International Political Economy Yearbook IX, , Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Paul, J.R., Free trade, regulatory competition, and the autonomous market fallacy (1994) Columbia Journal of European Law, 1 (1), pp. 29-62. , Fall/Winter; Peraldi, M., Perrin, E., (1996) Reseaux Productifs Et Territoires Urbains, , Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail; Pessar, P., On the homefront and in the workplace: Integrating immigrant women into feminist discourse (1995) Anthropological Quarterly, 68 (1), pp. 37-47; Rosen, F., McFadyen, D., (1995) Free Trade and Economw Restructuring in Latin America (A NACLA Reader), , New York: Monthly Review Press; Ruggie, J.G., Territoriality and beyond: Problematizing modernity in international relations (1993) International Organization, 47 (1), pp. 139-174; Salacuse, J., (1991) Making Global Deals: Negotiating in the International Marketplace, , Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Sassen, S., Losing control? (1996) Soverdgnty in an Age of Globalization, , 1995 Columbia University Leonard Hastings Schoff Memorial Lectures. New York: Columbia University Press; Sassen, S., (1998) Globalization and Its Lhscontmts. Essays on the Mobility of Money and People, , New York: New Press; Sassen, S., (2000) Cities in a World Economy, , Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge/Sage Press (new updated edition; Sassen, S., (2001) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Shapiro, M., The globalization of law (1993) Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 1, pp. 37-64. , Fall; Smith, R., Transnational localities: Community, technology and the politics of membership within the context of mexico and us migration (1998) Transnationalism from Below, pp. 196-238. , Smith, Michael p., (ed.), New Brunswick: Transaction Publishing; Taylor, P.J., World cities and territorial states: The rise and fall of their mutuality (1995) World Cities in a World-System, pp. 48-62. , Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Taylor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Walker, R.B.J., (1993) Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
correspondence_address1={Sassen, S.; University of ChicagoUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134559343; 041523736X; 9780415237369},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New Transnatl. Soc. Spaces: International Migration and Transnatl. Co. in the Early Twenty-First Century},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ahearn2013135,
author={Ahearn, R.J.},
title={Rising economic powers and the global economy: Trends and issues for congress},
journal={Global Trends 2030: Transformational Trajectories and Their Implications},
year={2013},
pages={135-171},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85022029732&partnerID=40&md5=c09fdcfd1ff4c3858105f000c661b702},
abstract={A small group of developing countries are transforming the global economic landscape. Led by China, India, and Brazil, these rising economic powers pose varied challenges and opportunities for US economic interests and leadership of the global economy. They also raise significant policy issues for Congress, including the future direction of US trade policy and negotiations, as well as for the multilateral economic institutions that have historically served as the foundation of an open and rules-based global economy. This report addresses ongoing shifts in global trade and finance and projected future trends resulting from the emergence of these economies. The major trends in the global economy identified and discussed in this report are: • The balance of global economic power is shifting from the United States and Europe to a number of fast-growing and large developing countries. These economies account for rising shares of global GDP, manufacturing, and trade, including a significant expansion of trade among the developing countries (South-South trade). These shifts are driven by growing economic integration and interdependence among economies, particularly through new global production and supply chains that incorporate inputs from many different countries. • Rising economic powers are becoming more important players in international finance. They have increased holdings of foreign exchange reserves, established sovereign wealth funds, borrowed capital from international capital markets, and attracted substantial foreign investment. Their multinational corporations, many state-owned, are investing assets globally and are competing with US firms for natural resources and access to other developing-country markets. • The long-standing distinction between advanced and developing countries, particularly for rising economic powers, is blurring. The advanced countries may still be the richest countries in terms of per capita income, but their economies may no longer be the largest, the fastest-growing, or the most dynamic. Rising economic powers are exerting greater influence in global trade and financial policies and in the multilateral institutions that have underpinned the global economy since World War II. These developments, in turn, have implications for US global leadership that are subject to debate. • While the impact of the rising economic powers is considered by most economists to be strongly positive for the US economy overall, not all groups of Americans have benefitted equally. Highly educated workers are seen gaining more job opportunities and higher wages than workers with less education. Issues for Congress on the international trade and finance policies raised by the changing global landscape could include: • Seizing full advantage of growing markets for US manufacturers, service providers, agricultural producers, and their workers, including preparing for increased competition. • The future direction of US trade negotiations and the global trading system, as well as specific policies and issues raised by the global economy. These might include the increasing role of state-owned enterprises, access to developing country markets for services and government procurement, the future role of the dollar as the primary reserve currency, and US participation in global supply chains, among other issues. The evolution of international frameworks for financial integration, as well as multilateral and bilateral frameworks for foreign direct investment and sovereign wealth funds. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
references={Findlay, R., O’Rourke, K., (2007) Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, p. 512. , Princeton University Press; Ayhan Kose, M., Prasad, E.S., (2010) Emerging Markets: Resilience and Growth Amid Global Turmoil, p. 1. , Brookings Institution Press; Sachs, G., (2003) Global Economics Paper No: 99, Dreaming with the BRICs: The Path to 2050, , October 1; Dardush, U., Shaw, W., (2011) Juggernaut: How Emerging Markets Are Reshaping Globalization, , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Larry Summers Exit Interview (2011) The International Economy, p. 8. , Winter; Fogel, R., China’s Economy (2010) Foreign Policy, pp. 72-75. , January/February; (2010) Perspectives on Global Development 2010: Shifting Wealth, p. 32. , Paris; Shifting Wealth, p. 45; (2011) Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, p. 3; Shifting Wealth, p. 123; (2011) Washington Post Editorial, , May 10; The Trouble With Outsourcing (2011) The Economist, p. 64. , July 30; (2011) Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia: From Trade in Goods to Trade in Tasks, p. 74. , http://www.wto.org; Shifting Wealth, p. 129; Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, p. 3; Emerging Markets, p. 41; Juggernaut, p. 73; Emerging Markets, p. 43; Juggernaut, p. 65; Shifting Wealth, p. 71; Emerging Markets, p. 46; (2010) Directions of Trade Yearbook; Juggernaut, p. 75; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, pp. 80-81; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, p. 84; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, p. 41; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, p. 85; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, p. 89; Spence, M., The Impact of Globalization on Income and Employment: The Downside of Integrating Markets (2011) Foreign Affairs, pp. 28-41. , July/August; (2010) A Modern Trade Policy for the European Union, , European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE), January; Slaughter, M.J., Globalization and the US Economy: Policy Challenges and Options (2010) Congressional Research Service Seminar, , Washington, D.D. June 7, McKinsey Global Institute, June 2010; Spence, M., The Impact of Globalization on Income and Employment, p. 41; (2011) International Financial Statistics, , April; Emerging Markets, p. 54; Shifting Wealth, p. 81; Juggernaut, p. 102; Shifting Wealth, p. 81; Shifting Wealth, p. 81; BRICs’ Outward FDI Is On the Rise (2011) Oxford Analytica, , March 1; Plasschaert, S., Is the Renminbi Undervalued? (2011) European Centre for International Political Economy, p. 9. , Working Paper No. 02; Shifting Wealth, p. 84; Juggernaut, p. 7; Oakley, D., Emerging Markets Grow Internally, Expand Internationally (2011) Financial Times, , June 9; Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, p. 76; Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, pp. 75-80; Multipolarity, p. 1; Hawksworth, J., Cookson, G., (2008) The World in 2050: Beyond the BRICs: A Broader Look at Emerging Market Growth Prospects, , PricewaterhouseCoopers, March; Hawksworth, J., Cookson, G., (2008) The World in 2050: Beyond the BRICs: A Broader Look at Emerging Market Growth Prospects, p. 22. , PricewaterhouseCoopers, March; Juggernaut, p. 77; Spence, M., Hlatshwago, S., The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and Employment (2011) Council on Foreign Relations, , March; Aldonas, G., (2009) Globalization and the American Worker, , Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C; (2011), http://ustr.gov, Ambassador Miriam Spiro at the European Policy Centre, February 10; Schwab, S., After Doha: Why the Negotiations are Doomed and What We Should Do About It (2011) Foreign Affairs, , May/June; Shifting Wealth, pp. 79 and 161; Juggernaut, p. 8; Prestowitz, C., (2010) The Betrayal of American Prosperity, , Free Press; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, p. 94; Pearlstein, S., (2011) How Overseas Profit Holds Back US Success, , Washington Post, June 13; Juggernaut, p. 92; Vernon, N., (2010) Financial Newcomers Will Have Global Impact, , Bruegel, September; Multipolarity, p. 104; Truman, E.M., Sovereign Wealth Funds: Is Asia Different? (2011) Peterson Institute for International Economics, , WP-11, June; Shifting Wealth, p. 142; Grant, J., We spent our way to a debt crisis with a faith-based dollar: Time to reverse course (2011) Washington Post, , July 10; Richburg, K.B., (2011) A New Economic World Order, p. A17. , April 15, Washington Post; Kroeber, A., (2011) The Chinese Yuan Grows Up - Slowly, , New America Foundation, March 18; Plasschaert, S., Is the Renminbi Undervalued,?, p. 11; Kroeber, A., The Chinese Yuan Grows Up - Slowly, p. 4; Irwin, N., US Pushed Strong Dollar Without Flexing Its Muscle (2001) Washington Post, , May 6; Juggernaut, p. 198; Multipolarity, pp. 152-153; Wessel, D., Fund Falls Behind in Global Changes (2011) Wall Street Journal, , May 19; Juggernaut, p. 114},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781624179211; 9781624179204},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Trends 2030: Transformational Trajectories and Their Implications},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Xiaoqin201365,
author={Xiaoqin, S.},
title={The boundaries and directions of China’s seapower},
journal={Twenty-First Century Seapower: Cooperation and Conflict at Sea},
year={2013},
pages={65-84},
doi={10.4324/9780203119778-11},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018886183&doi=10.4324%2f9780203119778-11&partnerID=40&md5=347ea2d4104b3f97a1fc9371ec3636f9},
affiliation={Department of War Theory and Strategic Studies, Academy of Military Science, China},
abstract={Over the past decade, China's growing seapower has consistently caused tension between China and established seapowers, and sometimes other rising seapowers as well. There has been widespread speculation about the nature of China's rising seapower, including whether the shifting power between China and established seapowers will cause a major war, whether China will remake the international order by force with its newly developed seapower, and whether China's claimed peaceful rise is even possible. The primary question for the Chinese is whether these are genuine concerns or just illusions dreamed up by the West, and whether those who express concern are just playing these cards to prevent China's rise? To most Chinese, the growth of China's seapower is a natural result of its growing interests. Over the last three decades China has gradually developed the essential elements of a rising maritime power, including an unprecedented degree of integration with the global economy, and has become one of the most important users of the oceans. Historically, China's main security challenges came from the direction of the ocean. This trend once led to an aggravated period of abruption and division of Chinese territories to the point where many neighboring countries now claim sovereignty over areas of China's traditional maritime islands and zones. Under such circumstances, the need to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity and to protect the sustainable development of China's economy have required China to enhance its seapower. Additionally, China's naval modernization is required to keep pace with the neo-revolution in military affairs. Therefore, to some extent Chinese people cannot understand why the established seapowers worry so much about China's natural naval modernization. When we put ourselves in Western shoes, however, we can understand where the worry comes from. In the eyes of Western countries, seapower is not only the foundation of a nation's rise, but also "a condition of active participation in global politics. It is a type of resource whose absence predisposes states to a passive role as consumer of world order."1 In the Western mindset then, the biggest challenge to their status as makers of world order is a land power that also possesses strong seapower.2 Only from this point of view does the West's anxiety seem rational. To allay such fears, it is helpful to discuss the boundaries and directions of China's developing seapower. It does not necessarily mean that China is a threat, but that mutual understanding is the first step to reducing the West's tension and suspicions. That is the starting point and goal of this chapter. The first part of this chapter introduces the return of China to the realm of seapowers as a stakeholder in global maritime security. The second part defines the concept of seapower and argues that seapower is a two-fold concept that includes material aspects and also an ideational aspect. Therefore, the proper way to see China's seapower is from the two perspectives: the material, such as ships, missiles, and so on, and the ideational, which includes a maritime mentality, naval strategy, and maritime policy, etc. The third part focuses on the boundary or limits on the development of China's seapower and argues that China's seapower will develop under four restraining factors: its geographical conditions and limited resources; China's perception of its geopolitical status; the external security dilemma caused by China's peaceful rise; and China's seapower mentality. This part indicates that China has a full sense of self-restraint in the development of its seapower. The fourth part analyzes several major challenges both from the unit level and the system level, which may shape the direction of China's seapower. Finally, the chapter draws the brief conclusion that the development of China's seapower will be limited and will not follow the path of British and American seapower. However, it also concludes that there is some uncertainty about the ultimate path, given the uncertainty of the systemic reaction to China's developing seapower and the complicated interactions between unit level variables and system level variables within China. © 2012 Selection and editorial material, Peter Dutton, Robert S. Ross and Oystein Tunsjo; individual chapters, the contributors.},
references={Modelski, G., Thompson, W.R., (1988) Seapower in Global Politics, 1494-1993, p. 11. , Seattle: University of Washington Press; Mahan, A.T., (1970) The Problem of Asia and its Effect upon International Policies, , Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press; Keller, W.W., Rawski, T.G., China’s Peaceful Rise: Road Map or Fantasy? (2007) China’s Rise and the Balance of Influence in Asia, p. 195. , William W. Keller and Thomas G. Rawski, eds., Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; Guojia, Z., Ju, H., (2010) 2009 nian Zhongguo Haiyang Jingji Tongji Gongbao, , www.cme.gov.cn/hyjj/gb/2009/1.htm, Chinese Marine Economics Statistical Bulletin, 2009), March; Zongshu, H., 2009 nian Woguo Yuanyou Jinkouliang Tupo 2 Yidun, 12 Yuefen Jinkou liangjia Junchuang Niannei Xingao, , www.customs.gov.cn/publish/portal0/tab2453/module72494/info214617.htm, (Quantity of Oil Import has Exceeded 2 Hundred Million Tons, Quantity and Price in December has been the Highest in the Year); Renmin, Z., Guotu, G., Bu, Z., www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/zytz/200901/t20090107_113776.htm, Ministry of Land and Resources, People’s Republic of China; Liang, F., Chun, Z., Zhongguo Haishang Tongdao Anquan jiqi Mianlin de Tiaozhan (2007) Guoji Wenti Luntan, 3. , (Chinese Sea Lane Security and Challenges, International Forum; Jiahao, H., Diqu Haishang Tongdao de Zhongyaoxing he Anquan (2006) Dongnan Ya Haishang Anquan, , (The Importance and Security of Regional Sea Lanes), Southeast Asia Maritime Security) (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies; 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Zhongmin, L., Chengguo, Z., Guanyu Zhongguo Haiquan Fazhan Zhanlue de Ruogan Sikao (2004) Zhongguo Haiyang Daxue Xuebao, p. 6. , (Some Reflections on Chinese Naval Development Strategy), (shehui kexue ban) (Journal of China Ocean University) (social science edition); Hattendorf, J.B., (2000) Naval History and Maritime Strategy: Collected Essays, p. 206. , Malabar, Florida: Krieger; Herrick, R.W., (1968) Soviet Naval Strategy: Fifty Years of Theory and Practice, , Annapolis:Naval Institute Press; McGwire, M., (1973) Soviet Naval Developments: Context and Capability, , New York: Praeger; Hudson, G.C., Soviet Naval Doctrine and Soviet Politics, 1953-1975 (1976) World Politics, 29 (1), pp. 90-113. , October; Kraska, J., How the United States Lost the Naval War of 2015 (2010) Orbis, 54 (1). , www.fpri.org/orbis/5401/kraska.navalwar2015.pdf, Winter; U.S. Show of Power in the Pacific Aimed at the Chinese (2006) Daily Telegraph, , (London), July 10; Rising China Threat Unmet If U.S. Navy Doesn’t Seek Funds to Counter It, Analysts Say (2008) Defense Daily International, , January 18; Spinetta, L., Cutting China’s ‘String of Pearls,' (2006) U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 132, p. 10. , October; www.iiss.org/conferences/the-shangri-la-dialogue/shangri-la-dialogue-2010/plenary-session-speeches/first-plenary-session/robert-gates/; Tharoor, I., India’s China Panic: Seeing a ‘Red Peril’ on Land and Sea (2009) Times, , www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1924884,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom, September 20; Pant, H.V., China’s Naval Expansion in the Indian Ocean and India-China Rivalry Asia-Pacific Journal, , www.japanfocus.org/-Harsh_V_-Pant/3353; Riben Weihe dui Zhongguo Jiandui Gonghai Xunlian Ruci ‘Mingan’, , http://news.china.com.cn/rollnews/2010-05/11/content_2061406.htm, (Why is Japan so Sensitive to Chinese Naval Exercise on the High Seas); Riben Waixiang Zhaojian Zhonguo Dashi, Jiu ‘Gen Zong’Shijian Ti Qianglie Kangyi, , http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2010-05/07/content_13471156.htm, (Japanese Foreign Minister Protests Chinese Ambassador on “Following Up�?); (1993) Deng Xiaoping Wenxuan, Disanjuan, p. 87. , Deng Xiaping’s Selected Works, Vol. III), (Beijing: Renmin Chubanshe; Deming, Y., Zhongguo Nanhai Zhengce Chuyi (2002) Zhanlue yu Guanli, 3. , (Preliminary Analysis on China’s South China Sea Policy); Tailin, F., Taylor Fravel, M., Zhongguo Junshi Jueqi Chutan (2009) Zhongguo Guoji Zhanlue Pinglun, 2009, p. 309. , (Preliminary Analysis of China’s Military Rise), in Wang Jisi, ed., China International Strategic Review, 2009) (Beijing: Shijie Zhishi Chubanshe; Zhongmin, L., Lengzhan hou Dongnanya Guojia Nanhai Zhengce de Fazhan Quxiang yu Zhongguo de Zhengce Sikao (2008) Guoji Wenti Luntan, p. 3. , (Southeast Asian Countries’ Post-Cold War South China Sea Policies and Reflections on Chinese Policy); Xiaojun, L., Lun Haiquan dui Zhongguo Shiyou Anquan de Yingxiang (2004) Guoji Wenti Luntan, p. 7. , (On the Impact of Maritime Power on China’s Oil Security); Wenmu, Z., Jingji Quanqiuhua yu Zhongguo Haiquan (2003) Zhanlue yu Guanli, p. 1. , (Economic Globalization and China’s Maritime Power); Zhongguo Renmin Gongheguo Guowuyuan Xinwen Bangongshi (2005) Zhongguo Heping Fazhan Daolu Baipishu, , State Council Information Office of the PRC, (White Paper on China’s Road of Peaceful Development), Xinhua Net, December 22; Wen Jaibao Zongli zai Shijie Quanguo Renda Erci Huiyi Jizhe Zhaodaihui shang Da Zhongwai Jizhe Tiwen (2004) Xinhua Net, , (Prime Minister Wen Jiabao’s Press Conference at the Second Meeting of the Tenth National People’s Congress), March 31; Qinsheng, Z., Zhongguo Heping Fazhan Daolu yu Guofang Xiandaihua (2006) Xuexi Shibao, p. 361. , (China’s Road of Peaceful Development and National Defense Modernization), (Study Times), November; Wei, Z., Liang, F., (2008) Guojia Haishang Anquan, p. 506. , National Maritime Security) (Haichao Chubanshe; http://bbs.newssc.org/dispbbs.asp?boardID=7&ID=48775&page=1353; Yanjiusuo, H.J.X., (2005) Haijun Jinian Zheng He Xia Xiyang 600 Zhounian Xueshu Yantaohui Lunwen Huibian, , (Academic Research Institute of the Navy), ed., (Collected Papers of the Academic Seminar on the 600th Anniversary of the Zheng He’s Voyages to the Western Seas), June; Liping, Z., Lun Zhongxi Haijun Zhanlue Lilun zhi Lishi Chayi (2000) Zhongguo Junshi Kexue, p. 5. , (On the Historical Difference of Western and Chinese Maritime Strategies), (Chinese Military Science); Tongxiang, G., Zhengbo, Lun Mahan Yilai Meiguo Haijun Zhanlue de Bubian Yinsu (2002) Haijun Xueshu Yanjiu, p. 1. , (On the Continuity of American Maritime Strategy since Mahan); Qi, X., Lun Haiquan Lilun Fazhan zhiyu Zhongguo Haiquan de Shijian (2001) Haijun Junshi Xueshu, p. 4. , (On the Impact of the Development of Maritime Power Theory on the Practice of Chinese Naval Power), (Naval Military Studies); Junshi, H., Yanjiusuo, X., (2005) Haijun Jinian Zhenghe Xia Xiyang 600 Zhounian Xueshu Yantaohui Lunwen Huibian, , June; Li Hailin, Z., Desheng, H., Zheng He Junshi Waijiao Chengjiu dui Haijun Jianshe de Qishi (2005) Haijun Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao, 2, p. 2. , (Zheng He’s Military Diplomacy and Chinese Naval Construction), (zonghe ban) (Journal of Naval Engineering University) (comprehensive edition), June; Huachen, Z., Zhongguo Xuyao Jianshe Yizhi Jubei Wancheng Duoyanghua Junshi Renwu Nengli de Haijun, , www.022net.com/2010/3-8/502424182486509.html, (China Needs to Construct a Sea Fleet Capable of Conducting Comprehensive Military Tasks); Information Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (2009) China’s National Defense in 2008, p. 31. , Beijing: January; China’s National Defense in 2008; Butfoy, A., The Rise and Fall of Missile Diplomacy? President Clinton and the ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’ in Retrospect (2006) Australian Journal of Politics and History, 52 (1), pp. 98-114; (2010) Ballistic Missile Defense Review, , www.defense.gov/bmdr/; Gates, R., www.iiss.org/conferences/the-shangri-la-dialogue/shangri-la-dialogue-2010/plenary-session-speeches/first-plenary-session/robert-gates/; www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gxh/mtb/fyrbt/t651057.htm; www.space.com/missionlaunches/secret-x-37b-details-revealed-100417.html; Xiangqing, M., Kongtian Feiji de Junshi Qianzhi (2010) Renmin Ribao, , (The Military Potential of Space Aircraft), (People’s Daily), May 4; Weitz, R., Operation Somalia: China’s First Expeditionary Force (2009) China Security, 5, p. 1. , Winter; Garofano, J., China-Southeast Asia Relations: Problems and Prospects (2008) Asia Looks Seaward: Power and Maritime Strategy, pp. 176-178. , Toshi Yoshihara and James R. Holmes, eds., (Westport, Connecticut: Prager; Goldstein, A., (2005) Rising to Challenge: China’s Grand Strategy and International Security, , Palo Alto: Stanford University Press; Powell, B., The Chinese Navy: How Big a Threat to the U.S.? (2009) Time, , www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892954,00.html, April 21; www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm; Till, G., New Directions in Maritime Strategy?: Implications for the U.S. Navy (2007) Naval War College Review, 60, p. 4. , Autumn},
correspondence_address1={Xiaoqin, S.; Department of War Theory and Strategic Studies, China},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136316968; 9780415698122},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Twenty-First Century Seapow.: Cooperation and Confl. at Sea},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Liendo201389,
author={Liendo, I.},
title={Foreign policy from a comparative perspective: Argentina, Brazil, and the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century},
journal={Global Perspectives on US Foreign Policy: From the Outside in},
year={2013},
pages={89-108},
doi={10.1057/9781137357663_6},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014349285&doi=10.1057%2f9781137357663_6&partnerID=40&md5=e7ef2597bdc16fbfb5f0261fd247f35f},
affiliation={Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Argentina},
abstract={It is difficult to find an essay written in recent years not dealing, in one way or another, with the decline experienced by the traditional economic superpowers of the last decade. The United States, which was once considered the global sheriff, can be identified as a country with immense economic difficulties and a growing international unpopularity. All this can be explained by the unsuccessful Afghanistan and Iraq wars and the weaknesses in the US financial system, further aggravated by a weak dollar and global economy. On the other side of the Atlantic, the European Union (EU) has also experienced perils and challenges. Regardless of its being one of the strongest economies in the world, its member states keep on debating how to project power in the international sphere, especially as in recent times they have been made more conscious of their individual and collective fragility. In a like manner, the contemporary financial crisis has challenged the foundations of this regional integration, along with the unique currency it adopted. Paradoxically, Japan, which was thought to reach its economic peak in the 1980s, cannot yet overcome a long recession that has extended for over ten years, causing its economy and international exposure to grow at a slow pace. © Sally Burt and Daniel Añorve Añorve, 2013.},
references={Ikenberry, J., The Future of International Leadership (1996) Political Science Quarterly, p. 385. , Vol. 111, No. 3; Gratius, S., Las asimetr í as socioecon ó micas: Debates y perspectiva de reformas (2008) MERCOSUR y NAFTA: Instituciones y mecanismos de decisión en proceso de integraciónasimétricos, , Susanne Gratius (ed.), Iberoamericana, Madrid; Gratius, S., Brasil en las Am é ricas: ¿Una potencia regional pacificadora? (2007) FRIDE, , http://www.fride.org/publicacion/223/brasil-en-las-americas-una-potencia-regional-pacificadora, Working Paper No. 35, April, available online at, accessed December 18, 2010; Ikenberry, J., The Future of International Leadership, p. 389; Cervo, A.L., O Brasil e a Am é rica do Sul (2009) AmerSur, , http://www.amersur.org.ar/PolInt1.htm, July 6, available online at, accessed November 18, 2010; Spektor, M., Brazil: The Underlying Ideas of Regional Policies (2010) Regional Leadership in the Global System-Ideas, Interests and Strategies of Regional Powers, pp. 191-204. , Daniel Flemes (Org.), Farnham, Ashgate; Bresser-Pereira, L.C., The New Developmentalism and Conventional Orthodoxy (2006) Perspectiva Review, 20 (1). , http://www.networkideas.org/featart/jul2006/Developmentalism_%20Orthodoxy.pdf, January-March, available online at, accessed January 6, 2012; Guimarães, S.P., O desafio da integra çã o. O mundo multipolar e a integraçã o sul-americana (2008) AmerSur, , http://www.amersur.org.ar/Integ/Guimaraes0803.htm, March 10, available online at, accessed December 7, 2010; Ikenberry, J., Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of American Postwar Order (1998) International Security, 23 (3), pp. 43-78; Gratius, S., Las asimetr í as socioeconómicas: Debates y perspectiva de reformas, pp. 273-299; Simonoff, A., Regularidades de la pol í tica exterior de N é stor Kirchner (2009) CONfines, (10). , http://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos10/Simonoff1.pdf, August-December, available online at, accessed January 10, 2011; Gratius, Las asimetr í as socioecon ó micas, p. 291; Estay, J., Sánchez, G., Una Revisión del ALCA y sus Implicaciones (2005) El ALCA y sus Peligros para Am é rica Latina, p. 15. , Jaime Estay and Germ á n S á nchez (Coords.), Buenos Aires, March; Bouzas, R., No nos conviene el ALCA light (2004) Diario Clar í n, , http://www.udesa.edu.ar/file/Humanidades/Articulos/130104bouzas.htm, January 13, available online at, accessed January 3, 2011; Estay, Sánchez, Una Revisi ó n del ALCA y sus Implicaciones, p. 17; Pantojas, E.G., El ALCA: Un Inventario de su Proceso (2007) Anuario de la Integraci ó n Regional en Am é rica Latina y el Gran Caribe, (6), p. 39. , http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2009/02457.pdf, available online at, accessed October 3, 2010; Ikenberry, Strategic Restrain, and the Persistance of American Postwar Order, pp. 43-78; Calle, F., Sudam é rica en los ojos de la Estrategia Nacional de Seguridad de los Estados Unidos de marzo 2006 (2006) CADAL, , http://www.cadal.org/articulos/nota.asp?id_nota=1197, April 25, available online at, accessed December 7, 2010; Tokatlian, J.G., El retorno de la cuesti ó n militar a Latinoam é rica (2010) Pol í tica Exterior, 24 (135), pp. 136-153. , Madrid, May/June; Hakim, P., Rising Brazil: The Choices of a New Global Player (2010) Inter-American Dialogue, , www.thedialogue.org, October 21, available online at, [accessed January 4, 2011]},
correspondence_address1={Liendo, I.; Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC)Argentina; email: ignacio.liendo@gmail.com},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
isbn={9781137357663; 9781137363664},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Perspectives on US Foreign Policy: From the Outside in},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Johnson20131,
author={Johnson, L.},
title={Sky alert!: When satellites fail},
journal={Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail},
year={2013},
pages={1-199},
doi={10.1007/978-1-4614-1830-6},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960334088&doi=10.1007%2f978-1-4614-1830-6&partnerID=40&md5=ccca5814a6cc8d1ad7e8a51d01c35430},
affiliation={NASA's Advanced Concepts Office, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States; Madison, AL, United States},
abstract={"Sky Alert! What Happens When Satellites Fail" explores for the first time what our modern world would be like if we were suddenly to lose most, if not all, of our space assets. The author demonstrates humankind's dependence on space satellites and show what might happen to various aspects of our economy, defense, and daily lives if they were suddenly destroyed. The book opens with a consideration of how our space assets might be lost in the first place: through orbital debris, war, and solar storms. The author then looks at what would happen if our satellites were lost, including the effect on weather forecasting, and the Global Positioning System, explaining GPS in detail and its importance to the military, including spy satellites and military reconnaissance, commerce, civilians, communications and remote sensing - both resource monitoring and locating and environmental monitoring and science. The effects of losing such assets as the International Space Station as well as such research satellites as the Hubble Space Telescope or the Chandra X-Ray Observatory are also considered. Part III of the book looks at how we can protect our satellites, preparing for the worst, reducing the growth and amount of orbital debris, preventing acts of war in space and hardening against space radiation. The book ends on an optimistic note: most spacefaring nations are now working together to develop new technologies to reduce the threat posed by orbital debris and in-space nuclear detonations and treaties exist to limit the development and use of weapons in space. Finally, it is hoped that it will not be long before we will be able to better predict and take precautions against solar storms. The global economy has now become so dependent upon satellites that their loss would be devastating - to the economy, to national security, and potentially, to the day-to-day survival of those who live in the world's most advanced economies. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Global positioning system;  National security;  Nuclear weapons;  Radiation hardening;  Remote sensing;  Space debris;  Space stations;  Space surveillance;  Storms;  Weather forecasting, Advanced economies;  Chandra X-ray Observatory;  Environmental Monitoring;  Hubble space telescopes;  International Space stations;  Military reconnaissance;  Research satellites;  Resource monitoring, Weather satellites},
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correspondence_address1={Johnson, L.; NASA's Advanced Concepts Office, United States},
publisher={Springer New York},
isbn={9781461418306; 9781461418290},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sky Alert!: When Satell. Fail},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{McKillen20131,
author={McKillen, E.},
title={Making the world safe for workers: Labor, the left, and Wilsonian internationalism},
journal={Making the World Safe for Workers: Labor, the Left, and Wilsonian Internationalism},
year={2013},
pages={1-306},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941896621&partnerID=40&md5=febdb2400b35322ebe8454bdf917cdf3},
affiliation={University of Maine, United States},
abstract={In this intellectually ambitious study, Elizabeth McKillen explores the significance of Wilsonian internationalism for workers and the influence of American labor in both shaping and undermining the foreign policies and war mobilization efforts of Woodrow Wilson’s administration. McKillen highlights the major fault lines and conflicts that emerged within labor circles as Wilson pursued his agenda in the context of Mexican and European revolutions, World War I, and the Versailles Peace Conference. As McKillen shows, the choice to collaborate with or resist U.S. foreign policy remained an important one for labor throughout the twentieth century. In fact, it continues to resonate today in debates over the global economy, wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the impact of U.S. policies on workers at home and abroad. © 2013 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={McKillen, E.; University of MaineUnited States},
publisher={University of Illinois Press},
isbn={9780252095139; 9780252037870},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mak. the World Safe for Workers: Labor, the Left, and Wilsonian Internationalism},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Vines201393,
author={Vines, D.},
title={The G20MAP, sustaining global economic growth and global imbalances: India’s role in supporting cooperation among global macroeconomic policymakers},
journal={The G20 Macroeconomic Agenda: India and the Emerging Economies},
year={2013},
pages={93-124},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781107279704.005},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923516379&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781107279704.005&partnerID=40&md5=f067af91ce3dd43646b5ade6bcffe032},
affiliation={Balliol College, Oxford University, United Kingdom; Australian National University, Australia; Centre for Economic Policy Research, United Kingdom},
abstract={Introduction The challenges global macroeconomic policymakers facing today are like the challenges faced by John Maynard Keynes and his colleagues at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944. The Bretton Woods system was built with the memories of the 1930s in mind and was designed to enable countries to grow rather than to fall into depression in the way they did after World War I. We face a similar challenge now, in ensuring that growth returns to a sustainable level, after the onset of the Great Recession in 2008. This is an international problem, and as in 1944, a solution to this problem requires global cooperation. The G20 Mutual Assessment Process (MAP) is the platform on which this cooperation can be developed. And there is a role for India in helping to bring about such cooperation. At the time of the G20 Summit in Cannes in November 2011, the global economy found itself in a dangerous phase, with a recovery which was weakening and with intensifying risks of financial instability. As a result of these dangers, G20 Leaders endorsed policy actions by members designed to ensure progress towards strong, sustainable and balanced growth. These policy actions are discussed in this chapter. Although it was initially written in the run-up to that Summit, the analysis remains relevant today. Some of what is discussed below is presented in more detail in Adam et al. (2012) and in Temin and Vines (2013). © Cambridge University Press 2014.},
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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Jenny, C., Irwin, G., Vines, D., From Asian Miracle to Asian Crisis: Why Vulnerability, Why Collapse? (1999) In Capital Flows and the International Financial System, , edited by David Gruen and Luke Gower. Sydney: Reserve Bank of Australia; Max, C.W., Why Did the Bretton Woods System Break Down (1993) A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System, , In, edited by Bordo, M. and Barry Eichengreen. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Corden, W.M., (1994) Economic Policy, Exchange Rates, and the International System, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Dooley Michael, P., Folkerts-Landau, D., Garber, P., The Revised Bretton Woods System (2004) International Journal of Finance and Economics, 9, pp. 307-313; Dooley Michael, P., Folkerts-Landau, D., Garber, P., (2004) Direct Investment, Rising Real Wages and the Absorption of Excess Labor in the Periphery, , NBER Working Paper no. 10626; Eichengreen, B., (1995) Europe's Postwar Growth, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Eichengreen, B., (2004) The Dollar and the New Bretton Woods System, , Henry Thornton Lecture delivered at the Cass School of Business, London, 15 December; Eichengreen, B., (2007) The European Economy since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Eichengreen, B., O'Rourke, K., (2012) A tale of two depressions redux, VoxEU, , http://www.voxeu.org/article/tale-two-depressions-redux, [Accessed in October 2013; Faruqee, H., Srinivasan, K., The G-20 mutual assessment process - a perspective from IMF staff (2012) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28 (3); Marcus, F.J., (1962) Domestic Financial Policy under Fixed and Floating Exchange Rates, 9, pp. 369-379. , IMF Staff Papers; G24, (2011) Issues for Discussion, , http://www.g24.org/in0311.pdf, G24 Technical Group Meeting, Pretoria, South Africa, 17-18 March 2011. [Accessed in October 2013]; Brett, H., Vines, D., Corden, M.W., The International Monetary Fund (2008) New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, , London: Macmillan; International Monetary Fund, (2003) The IMF and Recent Capital Account Crises: Indonesia, Korea, Brazil, , http://www.imf.org/external/np/ieo/2003/cac/pdf/main.pdf, Report of the Independent Evaluation Office of the IMF.Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. [Accessed in October 2013]; International Monetary Fund, (2006) Evaluation Report: Multilateral Surveillance, , http://www.ieo-imf.org/ieo/files/completedevaluations/09012006report.pdf, Report by the Independent Evaluation Office, Washington: D.C. [Accessed in October 2013]; International Monetary Fund, (2011) Review of the IMF's Involvement in the G20 Mutual Assessment Process, , http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2011/051311.pdf, [Accessed in October 2013]; International Monetary Fund, The G-20 Mutual Assessment Process (MAP) (2013) International Monetary Fund Factsheet, , http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/g20map.htm, [Accessed in October 2013]; Institute for Fiscal Studies, (2011) How does the UK's planned fiscal consolidation compare?, , http://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/5693, [Accessed in October 2013]; Issing, O., On Macroeconomic Policy Coordination in EMU (2002) Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (2), pp. 345-358; Keynes, J.M., (1919) The Economic Consequences of the Peace, , London: Macmillan; King, M., (2006) Reform of the International Monetary Fund, , Speech given to the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) in New Delhi, India, on 20 February; King, M., (2006) Through the Looking Glass: Reform of the International Institutions, , www.bankofengland.co.uk, Inaugural International Distinguished Lecture, Melbourne Centre for Financial Studies, Australia, 21 December. 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London: Macmillan; Williamson, J., Keynes and the International Economic Order (1983) Keynes and the Modern World, , In, edited by Worswick, David and JamesTrevithick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Yiping, H., Wang, B., Cost Distortions and Structural Imbalances in China (2010) China & World Economy, 18 (4), pp. 1-171; Yu, Y., (2009) China's Responses to the Global Financial Crisis, , http://www.eastasiaforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/2009-Snape-Lecture.pdf, Richard Snape, Lecture, Productivity Commission, Melbourne. [Accessed in October 2013]; Yu, Y., Rebalancing the Chinese Economy (2012) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 28 (3), pp. 551-568},
correspondence_address1={Vines, D.; Balliol College, Oxford UniversityUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781107279704; 9781107051102},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The G20 Macroeconomic Agenda: India and the Emerg. Economies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sheel2013234,
author={Sheel, A.},
title={Challenges in IMS reforms: Emerging markets’ perspective},
journal={The G20 Macroeconomic Agenda: India and the Emerging Economies},
year={2013},
pages={234-252},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781107279704.009},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923436872&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781107279704.009&partnerID=40&md5=0c91a14fb98bab38364f59fe5cc34e08},
abstract={The subject of reforms in the international monetary system has in recent years seen perhaps the most intense debate since the inception of the Bretton Woods system. Policy-makers from both developed and developing countries, intergovernmental organizations and prominent academics are proposing a number of reforms to the international monetary system to maintain financial and price stability, and to ensure economic growth going forward. The French Presidency had also placed the subject high on the priority of the G20 agenda for the sixth Summit at Cannes. Weaknesses in the extant international monetary system, including those of the ‘non-system’ in place following the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, that are now being highlighted, have long been known. The system had nevertheless served the global economy reasonably well, ensuring price and financial stability, and also delivering on global growth. Indeed, the post-war period was a period of unprecedented prosperity and growth sustained over a long period — half a century to be precise. Is there now a lurking fear that this is coming, or has come, to an end, and that a major overhaul of the international monetary system is, inter alia, necessary to get the global economy back on a sustainable track? I will not even pretend that I have an answer to this question. I would instead try to put some questions on the table by looking at the issue from two perspectives, namely stability and equity. © Cambridge University Press 2014.},
references={Keynote Speech ICRIER Policy Series No.11, , delivered at the 5th ICRIER GIZ Annual Conference on Reforming the International Monetary System, A Dialogue on Challenges and Cooperation, December 5-6, 2011, Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi. An earlier version of this chapter was published as, 8 December 2011; Joshi, V., Skidelsky, R., Keynes, Global Imbalances, and Internal Monetary System Reform, Today Rebalancing the Global Economy: A Primer for Policymaking, , http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/5219, ed. Stijn Claessens, Simon Evenett and Bernard Hoekman, Chapter 24. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2010; (2009) The Turner Review, , www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/turner_review.pdf, UK Financial Stability Authority, March; G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors had identified these root causes in Sao Paulo, http://www.g20.org/Documents/2008_communique_saopaulo_brazil.pdf, Brazil on November 8-9, 2008; Smaghi, L.B., The Triffin Dilemma Revisited,' European Central Bank Conference on the International Monetary System: Sustainability and Reform Proposals, October 3, 2011, 100th birth anniversary of Robert Triffin, Triffin International Foundation, , http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111003.en.html, Brussels; McKinnon, R.I., Why Exchange Rate Changes Will Not Correct Global Trade Imbalances Rebalancing the Global Economy: A Primer for Policymaking, , Ed. Claessens, Evenett and Hoekman; Fred, B., The Dollar and the Deficits: How Washington Can Prevent the Next Crisis (2009) Foreign Affairs, 88 (6). , http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=1312, November/ December; http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/21dddea4-7d60-11df-a0f5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1gmIUE17m; http://www.epi.org/publication/bp195/; (2002) World Economic Outlook, , http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/2007/eng/062907.pdf, even prior to the Chinese current account surpluses, and more specifically In its June 29, 2007 Staff Report on the Multilateral Consultations on Global Imbalances with China, the Euro Area, Japan, Saudi Arabia and the United States; The Unsustainable US Current Account Position Revisited, , http://www.nber.org/papers/w10869, NBER Working Paper 10869, October 2004; Abiad, A., Kannan, P., Le, J., Evaluating Historical CGER Assessments: How Well Have They Predicted Subsequent Exchange Rate Movements?, , IMF Working Paper WP 09/32, February 2009; http://www.ieo-imf.org/ieo/pages/IEOPreview.aspx?img=i6nZpr3iSlUpercent3d&mappingid=dRx2VaDG7EY; http://www.g20.org/Documents/pittsburgh_summit_leaders_statement_250909.pdf; Borio, C., Filardo, A., Globalisation and Inflation: New Cross-Country Evidence on the Global Determinants of Domestic Inflation, , http://www.bis.org/publ/work227.pdf?noframes=1, Bank of International Settlements, Working Paper # 227, May 2007. 18 US Urban CPI rose by just 10 per cent between June 2000 and March 2004. The US Case Shiller Housing index rose by 60 per cent during the same period. The US FED serially lowered the Fed Funds rate from 6.5 per cent to 1 per cent over this period; Greenspan doctrine, , http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2002/20021219/default.htm, See his Remarks at the Economic Club of New York, New York City, 19 December 2002; Taylor, J.B., Does the Crisis Experience Call for a New Paradigm in Monetary Policy? The Economist, , http://www.case.com.pl/strona-ID-publikacje,publikacja_id-30086909, nlang-710.html, CASE Network Studies and Analyses # 402/2010 of 18 October 2007, carried a graph showing just how much the Fed Funds rate deviated from the 'Taylor Rule' in the run up to the crisis. The Taylor Rule itself was deduced from an evaluation of past policy decisions of the US Fed that had worked well; http://www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_130829a.pdf; Gillian, T., Debt impasse exposes Achilles' heel of finance Financial Times, , http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2fa2f0ec-31c1-11e3-a16d-00144feab7de.html?siteedition=intl#axzz2hCW2FvCo, October 11, 2013; Jörg, B., The Global Crisis and the Future of the Dollar: Toward Bretton Woods III? Financial globalization: Reset or Retreat? Global Capital Markets 2013, , http://www.levy.org/pubs/wp_584.pdf, Levy Economics Institute of Bard College and Skidmore College, Working Paper No. 584, February, 2010; McKinsey Global Institute, (2013) For data on the shifting structure of leverage in western financial systems, , http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/global_capital_markets/financial_globalization, March; http://www.g20.org/pub_communiques.aspx; Maurice, O., International Macroeconomics: Beyond the Mundell-Fleming Model, 47. , http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/staffp/2000/00-00/o.pdf, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. Special Issue, 2001; http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/index.htm; McKinsey Global Institute, Financial Globalization: Retreat or Reset?, , March 2013; Ostry, J.D., Ghosh, A.R., Habermeier, K., Chamon, M., Qureshi, M.S., Reinhardt, D.B.S., Capital Inflows: The Role of Controls, , http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/spn/2010/spn1004.pdf, IMF Staff Position Note SPN/10/04, 19 February 2010; http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2011/2011-finance-capital-flows-111015-en.pdf, 31; RHausmann, FSturzenegger, (2005) U.S. and Global Imbalances: Can Dark Matter Prevent a Big Bang?, , http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cidpublications/darkmatter_051130.pdf, Harvard University, 13 November; http://www.bis.org/review/r090402c.pdf; http://research.sljmacro.com/rp//521/process.clsp?EmailId=179889&Token=20228271CE54C7EC69DE041C97831318D; Barry, E., The Dollar Dilemma. The World's Top Currency Faces Competition Foreign Affairs, , September/October 2009; http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2004/200403022/default.htm; http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/spn/2010/spn1003.pdf; Zoellick, R., The G20 must look Beyond Bretton Woods II Financial Times, , http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5bb39488-ea99-11df-b28d-00144feab49a.html#axzz14dKEeR16, 7 November 7, 2010},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781107279704; 9781107051102},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The G20 Macroeconomic Agenda: India and the Emerg. Economies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Rich20131,
author={Rich, W.C.},
title={The post-racial society is here: Recognition, critics and the nation-state},
journal={The Post-Racial Society is here: Recognition, Critics and the Nation-State},
year={2013},
pages={1-161},
doi={10.4324/9780203581193},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911181131&doi=10.4324%2f9780203581193&partnerID=40&md5=1280e6d53d5a982fa22ba61ff07a912f},
abstract={In a provocative and controversial analysis, Wilbur C. Rich’s The Post-Racial Society is Here conclusively demonstrates that nation is in midst of a post-racial society. Yet many Americans are skeptical of this fundamental social transformation. The failure of recognition is related to the remnants of the previous race-based society. Recognizing the advent of a post-racial society is not to gainsay recurrent racial incidents or a denial of the socio-economic gap between the races.
Using the findings of historians and social scientists, this book outlines why the construction and deconstruction of the race-based society was such a difficult and daunting enterprise. Starting from the nation’s inception, Rich examines how the nation elites used racial language, separate schools, and the media to divide Americans. After World War II, the nation used U.S. Supreme Court rulings and the Congressional passage of Civil Rights laws to dismantle the institutional support for racial segregation and discrimination. The black Civil Rights Movement facilitated and consolidated the movement toward socio-political inclusion of African Americans. Rich alerts the reader to the unprecedented progress made and why the forces of the new global economy demand that we move faster to make society more inclusive. This thought-provocking book should interest scholars of sociology, Africana Studies, American studies and African American politics. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.},
references={Bennett, L., (1993) Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, , New York: Penguin Press; Park, R., Thompson, E.T., (1939) Race Relations and the Race Problem: A Definition and an Analysis, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Carroll, L., (1872) Through the Looking-Glass, 72p. , Raleigh, NC: Hayes Barton Press; Knoke, W., (1996) Bold New World, , New York: Kodansha International; Parsons, T., (1937) The Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to A Group of Recent Social Action, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Beard, C., (1935) An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States, , New York: Collier Macmillan; Dahl, R., (2001) How Democratic is the American Constitution?, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; (1956) A Preface to Democratic Theory, , Chicago: University of Chicago; Lind, M., (1996) The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and The Fourth American Revolution, , New York: Free Press; Ellison, R., (1994) Invisible Man, , New York: Modern Library; Jefferson, T., (1853) The Writings of Thomas Jefferson: Being His Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private, , Washington, DC: Taylor & Maury; Rich, W.C., (2010) The Lincoln and Obama Legacies: The Perils of Channeling, , presented at the Wepner Symposium, University of Illinois, Springfield, IL, October 8–9; Daly, C., (2012) Covering America: A Narrative History of A Nation’S Journalism, 44p. , Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press; Phillips, U., (1918) American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime, , Gloucester, MA: P. Smith; Fogel, R.W., Engerman, S.L., (1974) Time on The Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slaver Y, , Boston: Little Brown; Stampp, K.M., (1956) The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South, , New York: Knopf; Blackmon, D., (2008) Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from The Civil War to World War II, , New York: Anchor Books; Bogle, D.T., (2001) Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretative History of Blacks in American Films, 13p. , London: International Publishing Group; Dubois, W.E.B., (1903) The Souls of Black Folks, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Mills, C.W., Racial liberalism,” (2008) PMLA, 123, pp. 1380-1397; Patterson, O., (1991) Freedom in the Making of Western Culture, , New York: Basic Books; Day, C.B., (1932) A Study of Some Negro-White Families in the United States, , Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Harvard University; Sollors, W., (1997) Neither Black Nor White Yet Both: Thematic Explorations of Interracial Literature, 139p. , New York: Oxford University Press; Terkildsen, N., When white voters evaluate black candidates: The processing implications of candidates skins color, prejudice and self monitoring (1993) American Journal of Political Science, 37, pp. 1032-1053; Davidson, B., Our negro aristocracy: The little known world of our negro aristocracy (1962) Saturday Evening Post, pp. 10-16. , Jan. 13; Lindgren, J., The private and public employment of african american lawyers, 1960–2000 (2008) Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues, 17, 286p. , http://ssrn.com/abstract=1161294, San Diego Legal Studies Paper no. 08–042; Franklin Frazier, E., (1957) Black Bourgeoisie, , Glencoe, IL: Free Press; Hochschild, J.L., Weaver, V., The skin color paradox and the american racial order (2007) Social Forces, 86, pp. 743-670; Peterson, W., Who’s what: 1790–1980 (1985) Wilson Quarterly, 102p; Bodenhorn, H., Ruebeck, C., Colourism and african american wealth: Evidence from the nineteenth-century south (2007) Journal of Population Economics, 20, pp. 599-620; Keith, V., Herring, C., Skin tone and stratification in the black community (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 97, pp. 760-778; Hunter, M.L., Colorstuck: Skin color stratification in the lives of african american women (1998) Sociological Inquiry, 68, pp. 517-535; Ogburn, W., (1966) Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature, , Oxford, UK: Delta Books; Myrdal, G., (1944) An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, , New York: Harper; Fairclough, N., (1989) Language and Power, 46p. , London: Longman; King, D., Smith, R., Racial orders in american political development (2005) American Political Science Review, 99, pp. 75-92; Omi, M., Winant, H., (1994) Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960S to the 1990S, , New York: Routledge; Ashcroft, B., Language and race The Language, Ethnicity and Race Reader, 37p. , Roxy Harris and Ben Rampton (New York: Routledge; King, M.L., (1967) Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos Or Community, 17p. , New York: Harper and Row; Reyes, A., Strategies of legitimization in political discourse: From word to actions (2011) Discourse and Society, 22, 781p; Hanchard, Contours of black political thought: An introduction and perspective (2010) Political Theory, 30, pp. 510-536; Martin, B.L., From negro to black to african american: The power of names and naming (1991) Political Science Quarterly, 106, pp. 83-107; Garth, T.R., A review of racial psychology (1925) Psychological Bulletin, 22, pp. 343-364; Sears, D.O., Henry, P.J., The origins of symbolic racism (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, pp. 259-275; Dovidio, J., Gaertner, S.L., (1986) Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism: Theory and Research, , Orlando, FL: Academic Press; Snyder, M., Cantor, N., Thinking about ourselves and others: Self-monitoring and social knowledge (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, pp. 222-234; Rich, W.C., Spontaneous talk, linguistic capital and diversity: Communication in knowledge-based organizations (1998) Administration and Society, 30, pp. 315-329; Kinder, D.R., The continuing american dilemma: White resistance to racial change 40 years after myrdal (1986) Journal of Social Issues, 42, pp. 151-172; Cruse, H., (1967) The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, , New York: Morrow; Walton, H., (1985) Invisible Politics, 8p. , Albany: SUNY Press; Steele, S., (1990) Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America, , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Jackendoff, R., (1997) The Architecture of Language Faculty, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Gould, S.J., (1996) The Mismeasure of Man, , New York: Norton; Herrstein, R., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, , New York: Free Press; Jensen, A.R., (1972) Genetics and Education, , New York: Harper and Row; Rich, W.C., Putting black kids into a trick bag: Anatomizing the inner-city public school reform (2002) Michigan Journal of Race and Law, 8, pp. 159-190; Woodson, C., (1973) The Mis-Education of the Negro, , Washington, DC: Associated Publishers; Crofts, D., The black response to the blair education bill (1971) Journal of Southern History, 37, pp. 41-65; Anderson, J.D., (1988) The Education of Blacks in the South 1960–1935, 92p. , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Armor, D., (1995) Forced Justice, , New York: Oxford University Press; Taylor, G., (1986) Public Opinion and Collective Action: The Boston School Desegregation Conflict, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Smith, S.S., Hugh governs? Regime and education policy in charlotte, north carolina (1997) Journal of Urban Affairs, 19, 266p; Flaherty, M., The latest crime wave: Sending your child to a better school (2011) Wall Street Journal, pp. A13. , Oct. 1–2; Hirschman, A.O., (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Boudrieu, P., (1977) Outline of Theory of Practice, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Ogbu, J., (2003) Black American Students in an Affiuent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement, , Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Steele, C., (2010) Whistling Vivaldi and Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us, 3p. , New York: Norton; Rich, W.C., (1996) Black Mayors and School Politics: The Failure of Reform in Detroit, Gary and Newark Schools, , New York: Garland Press; Oyserman, D., School success, possible selves, and parent school involvement (2007) Family Relations, 56, 480p; Stearns, E., Glennie, E., When and why dropouts leave high school (2006) Youth and Society, 38, pp. 29-57; Counts, G., (1969) The Selective Character of American Secondary Education, 142p. , New York: Arno Press; Dumais, S., Early childhood cultural capital, parental habitus, and teachers’ perceptions (2006) Poetics, 34, pp. 83-107; Delpit, L., (2006) Other People’S Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom, , New York: Free Press; Coleman, J.S., (1966) Equality in Educational Opportunity, , Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Banchero, S., School-standards pushback (2012) Wall Street Journal, pp. A6. , May 10; Leitner, G., The sociolinguistics of communication media The Handbook of Sociolinguistics, 1997p. , Florian Coulmas (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Robinson, M.J., Public affairs television and the growth of malaise: The case of selling of the pentagon (1976) American Political Science Review, 70, pp. 409-432; Van Dijk, T.A., (1991) Racism and the Press, 100p. , New York: Routledge; Ng, S.H., Bradac, J.J., (1993) Power in Language: Verbal Communication and Social Influence, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Bucy, E., D’Angelo, P., Democratic realism, neo-conservatism, and the normative underpinning of political communication (2004) Mass Communication and Society, 7, pp. 3-28; Lee, T.T., The liberal media myth revisited: An examination of factors influencing perceptions of media bias (2005) Journal of Broadcast and Electronic Media, 49, pp. 43-64; Steele, S., (1990) Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America, , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Dai, M., Is obama the end of black politics? (2008) New York Times Magazine, 8p. , Aug. 10; Williams, J., What obama’s victory means for racial politics (2008) Wall Street Journal, pp. A19. , Nov. 10; Rich, W.C., (2007) David Dinkins and New York City Politics: Race, Images and the Media, , Albany: SUNY Press; Page, B.I., (1996) Who Deliberates? Mass Media in Modern Democracy, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Soloski, J., News reporting and professionalism: Some constraints on the reporting of the news (1989) Media, Culture and Society, 11, 213p; Becker, G.S., (1957) The Economics of Discrimination, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Johnson, J., Economic globalization and the future of black america (2008) Journal of Black Studies, 38, 885p; Reinhart, C., Rogoff, K., (2009) This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Katznelson, I., (2005) When Affirmative Action was White, 114p. , New York: W. W. Norton; Dudziak, M.L., (2000) Cold War and Civil Rights: Race and Image of American Democracy, 252p. , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Porter, M., Rivkin, J., Looming challenges to us competitiveness (2012) Harvard Business Review, 90, 58p; Korten, D., (2001) When Corporations Rule the World, , Bloom field, CT: Kumarian Press; Stiglitz, J., (2002) Globalization and Its Discontents, , New York: W.W. Norton; Thurow, L.C., Globalization: The product of a knowledge economy (2000) Annals, 570, 20p; Dahl, R., The city in the future of democracy (1967) American Political Science Review, 61, pp. 953-970; Long, N., The city as reservation (1971) Public Interest, 25, pp. 22-38; Kantor, P., (1988) The Dependent City: The Changing Political Economy of Urban America, , New York: Scott, Foresman; Jones, B., Bachelor, L., (1993) The Sustaining Hand, , Lawrence: University of Kansas Press; Sternlieb, G., The city as sandbox (1971) Public Interest, 25, pp. 14-21; Gee, J.P., Hull, G., Lankshear, C., (1996) The New Work Order, 27p. , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Porter, M.E., The competitive advantage of the inner city (1995) Harvard Business Review, 73, 71p. , May/June; Florida, R.L., (2005) The Flight of The Creative Class: The New Global Competition for Talent, , New York: HarperBusiness; Bing, D., (2009) Washington Journal, , Detroit mayor, interview and call-in discussion, July 16; Kolko, G., (1963) The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History, 1900–1916, , New York: Free Press of Glencoe; Wilson, W.J., (1996) When Work Disappears: The World of The New Urban Poor, , New York: Alfred A. Knopf; Rich, W.C., Making race go away: President obama and the promise of a post-racial society (2011) The Obama Presidency: Change and Continuity, pp. 17-29. , ed. Andrew J. Dowdle, Dirk C. Van Raemdonck and Robert Maranto (New York: Routledge; Nagourney, A., Thee, M., Poll finds obama’s run isn’t closing the divide on race (2008) New York Times, pp. A1. , July 16; Sexton, S., Fall vote eyed for california ban on race-data collection (2003) Washington Times, pp. A15. , July 21; Cho, S., Post-racialism (2009) Iowa Law Review, 94, pp. 1589-1645; Murray, C., (1984) Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980, , New York: Basic Books; Fu, V.K., Racial intermarriage pairings (2001) Demography, 38, pp. 147-159; Fu, Interracial marriage and family socio-economic well-being: Equal state exchanges or caste status exchange? (2008) Social Science Journal, 45, pp. 132-156; Rosenfield, M.J., A critique of exchange theory in mate selection (2005) American Journal of Sociology, 110, pp. 1284-1325; Pakulski, J., Foundations of a post-class analysis (2005) Approaches to Class Analysis, , Erik Wright (New York: Cambridge University Press); Sorokin, P.A., (1941) Sorokin, Social and Cultural Dynamics, , New York: Dutton; Tuch, S., Hughes, M., Whites’ racial policy attitudes in the twenty-first century: The continuing significance of racial resentment (2011) Annals, 634, pp. 134-152; Goffman, E., (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, 242p. , Garden City, NY: Doubleday; Schlenker, B., Self-presentation (2003) Handbook of Self and Identity, pp. 495-518. , ed. Mark Leary and June P. Tangney (New York: Gilford Press; Wheatley, E., Structured communication builds trust (1996) Cma—The Management Accounting Magazine, 70, 8p; Popper, K.R., (1945) The Open Society and Its Enemies, , London: Routledge; Glendon, M.A., (1991) Rights Talk: The Impoverishment of Political Discourse, , New York: Free Press; Orwell, G., (1949) 1984: A Novel, 36p. , New York: Harcourt, Brace and World; Coser, L., The political functions of eunuchism (1964) American Sociological Review, 29, pp. 880-885; Walzer, M., (2002) The Company of Critics, 19p. , New York: Basic Books; Dawson, M.C., (2011) Not in Our Lifetimes, 91p. , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Allport, G., (1954) The Nature of Prejudice, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Troutt, D., Barack obama, ‘post-raciality’ and mythic-rhetorical regime change (2009) National Black Law Journal, 22; Sowell, T., (2004) Affirmative Action around the World: An Empirical Study, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Goldsmith, A.H., Hamilton, D., Darity, W.A., Shades of discrimination: Skin tone and wages (2006) American Economic Review, 96, 245p; Darity, W., Obama and the problem of racial inequality in post-racial america (2010) Convergence Review, 1, 102p; Hamilton, D., Darity, W.A., Race, wealth and intergenerational poverty: There will never be a post-racial america if the wealth gap persists (2009) American Prospect, 20, pp. A12. , Sept; Moses, M.S., Race, affirmation action, and equality of educational opportunity in a so-called ‘post-racial’ america (2011) Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 413p; Crosby, W.H., Poussaint, A.F., (2007) Come On People: On the Path from Victims to Victors, , Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson; Wilson, W.J., (1980) The Declining Significance of Race, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Pinkney, A., (1984) The Myth of Black Progress, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Brown, M., (2003) Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Colorblind Society, 228p. , Berkeley: University of California Press; Dawson, M.C., (2001) Black Visions: The Roots of Contemporary African American Political Ideology, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Hanchard, M., Contours of black political thought: An introduction and perspective (2010) Political Theory, 30, pp. 524-525; Bobo, L., Gilliam, F.D., Race, sociopolitical participation, and black empowerment (1990) American Political Science Review, 84, pp. 279-393; McIntoch, P., White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack (1989) Peace and Freedom, pp. 10-12; Long, G., Disagreement and responses to climate change (2011) Environmental Values, 20, pp. 504-525; Fryer, R., Greenstone, M., The changing consequences of attending historically black colleges and universities (2010) American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2, 116p; Hollinger, D., The concept of post-racial (2011) Daedalus, 140, pp. 174-182; Gunther, A., Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social groups (1992) Public Opinion Quarterly, 567, pp. 147-167; Mason, D., On the danger of disconnecting race and racism (1994) Sociology, 28, pp. 845-858; Solomo, J., Back, L., Conceptualising racisms: Social theory, politics and research (1994) Sociology, 28, pp. 143-161; Verkuyten, M., Discourse about ethnic group (de-) essentialism: Oppressive and progressive aspects (2003) British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 386p; Zachary, P., (2000) The Global Me: New Cosmopolitans and the Competitive Edge: Picking Globalism’S Winners and Losers, 9p. , New York: Public Affairs; Hart, B., Risley, T., (1995) The Meaningful Difference in the Everyday Experience of Young Children, , Baltimore: Brooks; Royster, D.A., (2003) Race and the Individual Hand: How White Networks Exclude Black Men from Blue-Collar Jobs, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Granovetter, M., The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited (1983) Sociological Theory, 1, pp. 201-233; Weaver, V., Frontlash: Race and the development of primitive crime policies (2007) Studies in American Political Development, 21, pp. 230-265; Sharp, J., Non-racialism’ and its discontents: A post-apartheid paradox (1998) International Social Science Journal, 50, pp. 243-252. , June; Spoonley, P., (1993) Racism and Ethnicity, , Auckland: Oxford University Press},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9780203581193},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Post-Racial Society is here: Recognit., Critics and the Nation-State},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Walz20131,
author={Walz, R.},
title={Modernism, second edition},
journal={Modernism, Second Edition},
year={2013},
pages={1-170},
doi={10.4324/9781315833125},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908989107&doi=10.4324%2f9781315833125&partnerID=40&md5=a9f4a85f912347c4800bb218b79c57ed},
affiliation={University of Alaska Southeast, United States},
abstract={Robin Walz’s updated Modernism, now part of the Seminar Studies series, has been updated to include significant primary source material and features to make it more accessible for students returning to, or studying the topic for the first time.
The twentieth century was a period of seismic change on a global scale, witnessing two world wars, the rise and fall of communism, the establishment of a global economy, the beginnings of global warming and a complete reversal in the status of women in large parts of the world.
The modernist movements of the early twentieth century launched a cultural revolution without which the multi-media-driven world in which we live today would not have been possible. Today modernism is enshrined in art galleries and university courses. Its techniques of abstraction and montage, and its creative impulse to innovate and shock, are the stock-in-trade of commercial advertising, feature films, television and computer-generated graphics.
In this concise cultural history, Robin Walz vividly recaptures what was revolutionary about modernism. He shows how an aesthetic concept, arising from a diversity of cultural movements, from Cubism and Bauhaus to Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art, and operating in different ways across the fields of art, literature, music, design and architecture, came to turn intellectual and cultural life and assumptions upside down, first in Europe and then around the world.
From the nineteenth century origins of modernism to its postmodern legacies, this book will give the reader access to the big picture of modernism as a dynamic historical process and an unfinished project which still speaks to our times. © 2008, Taylor & Francis.},
references={Barr, A.H., Jr., (1996) Cubist and Abstract Art (Rpnt Edn), , New York: Arno Press; Baudelaire, C., (1995) The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, , (trans. Jonathan Mayne) London: Phaidon Press; Baudrillard, J., (1983) Simulations, , trans. Paul Foss, Paul Patton and Philip Beitchman), New York: Semiotexte; Bayer, H., Gropius, W., Gropius, I., (1938) Walter Gropius and Ise Gropius, Bauhaus 1919-1928, , New York: The Museum of Modern Art; Benjamin, W., (1999) Illuminations, , trans. Harry Zohn), Pimlico; Berman, M., (1988) All that is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity, , New York: Penguin; Blake, J., (1999) Le Tumulte Noir: Modernist Art and Popular Entertainment in Jazz-Age Paris, 1900-1930, , University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press; Bradbury, M., McFarlane, J., (1991) Modernism: A Guide to European Literature 1890-1930 (New Preface), , New York: Penguin; Breton, A., (1972) The Manifestoes of Surrealism, , trans. Richard Seaver and Helen R. Lane), Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Brown, B.A., (2002) Gradiva’S Mirror: Reflections on Women, Surrealism and Art History, , New York: Midmarch Arts Press; Bürger, P., (1984) Theory of the Avant-Garde, , trans. Michael Shaw; Foreword Jochen Schulte-Sasse), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Butler, C., (1994) Early Modernism: Literature, Music and Painting in Europe 1900-1916, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Calinescu, M., (1987) Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-Garde, , Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism, Durham: Duke University Press; Caws, M., Kuenzli, R., Raab, G., (1991) Surrealism and Women, , Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press; Childs, P., (2000) Modernism (Series ‘The New Critical Idiom’), , London and New York: Routledge; Eksteins, M., (2000) Rites of Spring: The Great War and The Birth of The Modern Age, , New York: Mariner Books; Eysteinsson, A., (1990) The Concept of Modernism, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Fineberg, J., (1995) Art since 1940: Strategies of Being, , New York: Harry N. Abrams; Flamm, J., (1995) Matisse on Art (Revd Edn), , Berkeley: University of California Press; Flaubert, G., (1982) The Letters of Gustave Flaubert, 1857-1880, , (ed. and trans. Francis Steegmuller), Cambridge, MA.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Foster, H., Krauss, R., Bois, Y.-A., Buchloh, B.H.D., (2004) Art since 1900: Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism, , New York: Thames and Hudson; Freud, S., (1955) The Interpretation of Dreams, , (ed. and trans. James Strachey), New York: Basic Books; Gaiger, J., (2003) Frameworks for Modern Art, , (ed.), New Haven and London: Yale University Press/The Open University Press; Gates, H.L., Dalton, K.C.C., (1998) Josephine Baker and La Revue Nègre: Paul Colin’S Lithographs of Le Tumulte Noir in Paris, , 1927, New York: Harry N. Abrams; Genova, P.A., (2002) Symbolist Journals: A Culture of Correspondence, , Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing; Ghirardo, D., (1989) Building New Communities: New Deal America and Fascist Italy, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Gleason, A., Kenez, P., Stites, R., (1985) Bolshevik Culture: Experiment and Order in the Russian Revolution, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Gluck, M., (2005) Popular Bohemia: Modernism and Urban Culture in Nineteenth- Century Paris, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Gorsky, S.R., (1989) Virginia Woolf (Revd Edn) ‘Twayne’S English Authors Series’, , Boston: Twayne; Greeley, R.A., (2006) Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Green, C., (2001) Picasso’S Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, , (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Greenberg, C., (1989) Art and Culture: Critical Essays, , Boston: Beacon Press; Hamilton, R., (1982) Collected Words, 1953-1982, , London and New York: Thames Hudson; Harrison, C., Wood, P., (2003) Art in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology of Changing Ideas (New Edn), , Oxford: Blackwell; Harrison, C., Frascina, F., Perry, G., (1993) Primitivism, Cubism, Abstraction: The Early Twentieth Century (Series: ‘Modern Art: Practices and Debates’), , New Haven and London: Yale University Press/The Open University; Harvey, D., (1990) The Condition of Postmodernity, , Oxford: Blackwell; Harvey, D., (2006) Capital of Modernity, , New York: Routledge; Healey, K.J., (2003) The Modernist Traveler: French Detours, 1900-1930, , Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; Herbert, R.L., (2000) Modern Artists on Art, , (ed. and trans.), 2nd edn), Mineola, NY: Dover; Hopkins, D., (2000) After Modern Art, 1945-2000, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Huelsenbeck, R., (1993) The Dada Almanac, , (English Edn, Malcolm Green, Trans.)(ed.), Malcolm Green et al. (eds.), Lodon: Atlas Press; Hughes, H.S., (1958) Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought 1890-1930, , New York: Alfred A. Knopf; Hughes, H.S., (1986) Between Commitment and Disillusion, , Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press; Huyssen, A., (1986) After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Jameson, F., (1984) New Left Review, 142, pp. 53-65; Jervis, J., (1998) Exploring the Modern, , Oxford: Blackwell; Kandinsky, W., (1977) Concerning the Spiritual in Art, , M.T.H. Sadler), New York: Dover Publications; Kaplan, A.Y., (1986) Reproductions of Banality: Fascism, Literature, and French Intellectual Life, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Kern, S., (1983) The Culture of Time and Space 1880-1918, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Knabb, K., (2006) Situationist International Anthology (Revd Edn), , (ed.), Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets; Levenson, M., (1999) The Cambridge Companion to Modernism, , (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lottman, H.R., (1982) The Left Bank: Writers, Artists, and Politics from the Popular Front to the Cold War, , New York: Houghton Mifflin; Lowe, D.M., (1982) History of Bourgeois Perception, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Lunn, E., (1984) Marxism and Modernism: An Historical Study of Lukács, Brecht, Benjamin, and Adorno, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Marx, K., (1992) The Communist Manifesto, , (ed. and intro. David McLellan), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mondrian, P., (1993) The New Art—The New Life: Collected Writings, , trans. and ed. Harry Holtzman and Martin S. James), New York: Da Capo Press; Morton, P.A., (2000) Hybrid Modernities: Architecture and Representation at the 1931 Colonial Exposition, Paris, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Motherwell, R., (1988) The Dada Painters and Poets: An Anthology, , (ed.), (2nd edn, trans. Ralph Manheim), Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Nadeau, M., (1989) The History of Surrealism, , trans. Richard Howard), Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Poggioli, R., (1968) The Theory of the Avant-Garde, , trans. Gerald Fitzgerald), New York: Harper and Row; Proust, M., The way by swann’s (2002) Search of Lost Time, 1. , (trans. Lydia Davis), gen. ed. Christopher Prendergast), London: Penguin; Rainey, L., (2005) Modernism: An Anthology, , (ed.), Oxford: Blackwell; Ross, A., (2007) The Rest is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century, , New York: Picador; Rubin, W., (1984) ‘Primitivism’ in 20Th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern, 2. , (ed.), New York: The Museum of Modern Art; Rubin, W., Seckel, H., Cousins, J., (1994) Les Desmoiselles D’Avignon, , New York: The Museum of Modern Art; Saler, M.T., (1999) The Avant-Garde in Interwar England: Medieval Modernism and the London Underground, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Schorske, C.E., (1981) Fin-De-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture, , New York: Vintage Books; Schwartz, V., (1998) Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin-De-Siècle France, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Siegel, J., (1986) Bohemian Paris: Culture, Politics, and the Boundaries of Bourgeois Life, , New York: Penguin Books; Stovall, T., (1996) Paris Noir: African Americans in the City Of, , New York: Houghton Mifflin; Varnedoe, K., Gopnik, A., (1991) High & Low: Modern Art, Popular Culture, , New York: The Museum of Modern Art; Wallis, B., (1984) Art after Modernism: Rethinking Representation New York: The New Museum of Contemporary Art, , (ed.); Walz, R., (2007) Modernism (Series: ‘Short Histories of Big Ideas’), , Harlow: Pearson/Longman; Walz, R., (2000) Pulp Surrealism: Insolent Popular Culture in Early Twentieth- Century Paris, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Weiss, J., (1994) The Popular Culture of Modern Art: Picasso, Duchamp, and Avant-Gardism, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Willet, J., (1978) Art and Politics in The Weimar Period: The New, , New York: Pantheon Books; Williams, R., (1989) The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists, , London: Verso; Wood, P., (2004) Varieties of Modernism (Series: ‘Art of the 20Th Century’), , (ed.), New Haven and London: Yale University Press/The Open University; Wood, P., (1993) Modernism in Dispute: Art since the Forties (Series: ‘Modern Art: Practices and Debates’), , New Haven and London: Yale University Press/The Open University; Woolf, V., (1967) Collected Essays, 1. , New York: Harcourt, Brace & World},
correspondence_address1={Walz, R.; University of Alaska SoutheastUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781315833125},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Modernism, Second Edition},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Clayton20135,
author={Clayton, M. and Franko, M. and George-Graves, N. and Lepecki, A. and Manning, S. and Ross, J. and Schneider, R.},
title={Inside/beside dance studies: A conversation: Mellon dance studies in/and the humanities},
journal={Dance Research Journal},
year={2013},
volume={45},
number={3},
pages={5-28},
doi={10.1017/S0149767713000235},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897378093&doi=10.1017%2fS0149767713000235&partnerID=40&md5=6c597546a467ad56a323a1fa7f93cb8a},
affiliation={Dept. of Hispanic Studies and Comparative Literature, Brown University, United States; Graduate Programs, Temple University (Philadelphia), Middlesex University (London), United Kingdom; Dept. of Theater and Dance, University of California-San Diego, United States; Department of Performance Studies, New York University, United States; Dept. of English, Theater, and Performance Studies, Northwestern University, United States; Theatre and Performance Studies Department, Dance Division, Stanford University, United States; Dept. of Theater Arts and Performance Studies, Brown University, United States},
abstract={In 2012, Susan Manning, Rebecca Schneider, and Janice Ross collaborated across their home institutions of Northwestern University, Brown University, and Stanford University, respectively, to found a research initiative interrogating the field of dance studies. This manifold project, Dance Studies in/and the Humanities, receives funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through 2015 and includes a series of public roundtable discussions. This conversation-abridged from the original event-took place during two such roundtables at Brown University in June 2013, and it features substantial contributions from scholars Michelle Clayton, Mark Franko, Nadine George-Graves, André Lepecki, Susan Manning, Janice Ross, and Rebecca Schneider. Speakers address what dance studies may need, want, or do in this current historical moment. Manning articulates her experience being inside and beside dance studies through teaching in an integrationist/assimilationist model that promotes dance as a subfield in humanities (and occasionally social science) departments. Franko asserts that dance studies formed as a result of an epistemological break in the 1980s and adds that interdisciplinary frameworks can also support this relatively new field. Through embracing the partiality that comes with interdisciplinarity, Clayton encourages participants to investigate generative misunderstandings. Ross provides a comprehensive account of the crisis in the humanities, and Lepecki connects this crisis to the permanent state of war in the U.S. and emphasizes the importance of theory in dance studies. Falling short of Afro-pessimism, George-Graves calls for dance studies to infiltrate the upper echelons of higher education administration, and Schneider articulates post-structuralism's link to the Global South while calling for more scholarly representation from this area of the world. Through exploring possibilities for embodied knowledge, reenacting post-structuralism, and embracing partiality, these scholars address the expanding aperture of dance studies in a global economy. Topics identified for future discussion include decentering the whiteness of dance studies transnationally, exploring how dance studies methodologies are currently utilized in academia, and expanding dance studies beyond the American academy. © 2013 Congress on Research in Dance.},
author_keywords={Academia;  Afro-pessimism;  Agency;  Assimilationist;  Choreography as research;  Choreopolitical;  Crisis in humanities;  Dance and higher education;  Dance and humanities;  Dance and theater;  Dance and theory;  Dance and visual art;  Dance dramaturgy;  Dance methodology;  Dance Studies;  Embodied knowledge;  Generative misunderstandings;  Global South;  Graduate dance programs;  Higher education administration;  Humanism;  Integrationist;  Interdisciplinarity;  Partiality;  Pedagogy;  Performance studies;  Political theory;  Post-structuralism;  Privilege;  Reenactment;  Slash;  Society of Dance History Scholars;  Transnationalism;  Undergraduate dance programs;  War;  Western theater dance;  Whiteness;  World dance},
references={Arendt, H., (1998) The Human Condition, , 1958 Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Bhabha, H., (1994) The Location of Culture, , London: Routledge; Deleuze, G., (1994) Difference and Repetition, , 1968 Translated by Paul, Patton. New York: Columbia University Press; Drukman, Steven, Parks, S.-L., Diamond, L., Suzan-lori parks and liz diamond: Doo-A-diddly-dit-dit: An interview (1995) TDR, 39 (3), pp. 56-75; Franko, M., Dance and the political: States of exception (2010) Dance Discourses: Keywords in Dance Research, pp. 11-28. , edited by Susanne Franco and Marina Nordera London: Routledge; Franko, M., Global modernities (2013) Dance Research Journal, 45 (1), pp. 1-3; George-Graves, N., The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Theater, , Forthcoming New York: Oxford University Press; Giersdorf, J., Dance studies in the international academy: Genealogy of a disciplinary formation (2009) Dance Research Journal, 41 (1), pp. 23-44; Haraway, Donna, Dinshaw, C., (1999) Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre-and Postmodern, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Lepecki, A., The body as archive: Will to re-enact and the afterlives of dances (2010) Dance Research Journal, 42 (2), pp. 28-48; Lepecki, A., From partaking to initiating: Leadingfollowing as dance's (a-personal) political singularity (2013) Dance, Politics & Co-Immunity, Edited by Gerald Siegmund and Stefan Hölscher, pp. 21-38. , Zürich: Diaphanes; Lorde, A., (1984) Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, , Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press Feminist Series; Lyotard, J.-F., (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, , 1979 Translated by Geoffrey Bennington and Brian Massumi. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; Martin, R., Toward a social logic of the derivative (2013) Dance, Politics & Co-Immunity, pp. 209-225. , edited by Gerald Siegmund and Stefan Hölscher Zürich: Diaphanes; Menand, L., (2010) The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University, , New York: W.W. Norton; Manning, S., Looking back moving forward (2008) Looking Back/Moving Forward: International Symposium on Dance Research, Proceedings, , Society of Dance History Scholars Conference: Skidmore College; Manning, Susan, Ruprecht, L., Introduction: New dance studies/new german cultural studies (2012) New German Dance Studies, pp. 1-16. , edited by Susan Manning and Lucia Ruprecht Bloomington, IL: University of Illinois; Parks, S., The death of the last man in the whole entire world (1995) The America Plays and Other Works, pp. 99-132. , New York: Theatre Communications Group; Schneider, R., (2011) Performing Remains: Art and War in Times of Theatrical Reenactment, , New York: Routledge; Soussloff, C.M., Franko, M., Visual and performance studies: A new history of interdisciplinarity (2002) Social Text, 20 (4), pp. 29-46; Young, H., (2010) Embodying Black Experience: Stillness, Critical Memory, and the Black Body, , Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press},
publisher={University of Illinois Press},
issn={01497677},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dance Res. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{HuarteMelgar2013325,
author={Huarte Melgar, B.},
title={The end of the "ice-cold war" in the arctic - Challenges in international economic law},
journal={Pomorstvo},
year={2013},
volume={27},
number={2},
pages={325-341},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891411002&partnerID=40&md5=f4378f3f029ad8ef5c9efa4643d807a3},
affiliation={not available, Calle Llorente 13, 36202 - Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain},
abstract={As a result of climate change, the Arctic region is undergoing dramatic transformation due to melting, which creates new challenges for international economic law. The Arctic coastal states began having maritime boundary disputes concerning the interpretation of limits of their exclusive economic zones beyond 200 nautical miles to cover the extended continental shelf. Thus, they would extend their sovereign rights over the natural resources of the sea floor causing an "ice-cold war" in the zone. After an analysis of the Arctic legal governance, as well as of its economic activities like scientific research, energetic and fishing exploitation and shipping, it can be stated that a continental shelf race will not take place because of economic and security interests of states in the region, which can be solved efficiently on a basis of international cooperation.},
author_keywords={Arctic;  Climate change;  Energy;  Fisheries;  Transit},
keywords={boundary dispute;  climate change;  economic activity;  economic policy;  fishery;  fishing;  global economy;  international cooperation;  legal system;  maritime boundary;  shipping;  sovereignty, Arctic},
references={The Growth of International Shipping in the Arctic: Is a Regulatory Review Timely? (2009) International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 24. , Chircop; Vylegzhanin, A.N., Economic Activities in the Arctic Ocean-Universal, Regional and National Regulation (2012) What holds the Arctic together?, pp. 137-150. , in Cécile Pelaudeix, Alain Faure & Robert Griffiths (eds.): L'Harmattan, Paris; Choquet, A., Towards a common Polar Navigation Code-When the Antarctic and the Arctic converge (2012) What holds the Arctic together?, pp. 123-136. , in Cécile Pelaudeix, Alain Faure, & Robert Griffiths (eds.): L'Harmattan, Paris; (2004) Impacts of a Warming Arctic-Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, , Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA): Cambridge University Press; García, C.T., El desarrollo progresivo de las normas sobre subvenciones pesqueras en el Derecho de la OMC-Una aproximación a la conservación de los recursos pesqueros desde la perspectiva del Derecho internacional del comercio (2012) Protección de intereses colectivos en el Derecho del mar y cooperación internacional, pp. 109-140. , in: Julio Jorge Urbina, & María Teresa Ponte Iglesias (eds), Iustel, Madrid; Joyner, C.C., Ice-covered regions in international law (1991) Natural resources journal, 31 (1), pp. 213-242; Seidler, C., A Navigable Arctic-Northeast and Northwest Passages both free of ice (2008) Spielgel Online International, , 28 August; Archer, C., International and Regional Regulation of the Arctic-There a role for the European Union? (2012) What holds the Arctic together?, pp. 169-182. , in Cécile Pelaudeix, Alain Faure & Robert Griffiths (eds.), L'Harmattan, Paris; Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom vs. Albania), , Judgment of 9 April 1949, ICJ Reports 1949; Fisheries Case (United Kingdom vs. Norway), , Judgment of 18 December 1951, ICJ Reports 1951; Lasserre, F., Continental shelves and maritime boundaries in the Arctic-the new Cold War will not take place (2012) What holds the Arctic together?, pp. 107-122. , in Cécile Pelaudeix, Alain Faure & Robert Griffiths (eds.): L'Harmattan, Paris; McBean, G., Arctic Climate: Past and Present (2006) Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Scientific Report, pp. 21-60. , Cambridge University Press; (2013) El Ártico y los efectos del cambio climático en España-Salvar el Ártico es salvar mucho más, pp. 1-32. , Greenpeace: March; (2002) The Environment Times-Arctic Times, p. 15. , http://www.grida.no/publications/et/at/, GRID-Arendal, Publications: August, available on the Internet at: (visited 8 April 2013); Nicol, H.N., (2013) Human Security, the Arctic Council and Climate Change: Competition or Co-existence?, pp. 1-6. , Polar Record, Cambridge University Press; Shipping in Polar Waters-Development of an international code of safety for ships operating in Polar waters (Polar Code), , http://www.imo.org/MediaCentre/hottopics/polar/Pages/default.aspx, IMO, Media Centre: available on the Internet at: (visited 16 April 2013); Kraska, J., The Law of the Sea Convention and the Northwest Passage (2007) The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 22 (2), pp. 257-281. , Koninklijke Brill NV; (1962) Juridical Regime of Historic Waters, , Including Historic Bays, UN Doc A/CN.4/143; Byers, M., Who owns the Arctic?-Arctic Sovereignty and International Relations (2012) Canada can helpaaaas Russia with Northern Sea Route, , The Moscow Times, 9 June; Byers, M., (2010) Who owns the Arctic? Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North, , Douglas & McIntyre Publishers Inc., Canada; (2005) Guidelines for Navigation and Overflight in the Exclusive Economic Zone, , Ocean Policy Research Foundation, EE Z Group 21; Stauffer, P.H., (2008) Circum-Arctic Ressource Appraisal-Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle, , http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf, Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal Assessment Team, USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3049, available on the Internet at: (visited 3 April 2013); (2009) Proceedings of the International Arctic Fisheries Symposium: Managing Resources for a Changing Arctic, , 19-21 October, Hotel Captain Cook, Anchorage, Alaska, February 2010; Rosenne, S., Yankov, A., (1991) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, 4. , (eds.), (Virginia Commentary); Neumann, T., Norway and Russia Agree on Maritime Boundary in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean (2010) American Society of International Law, 14 (34). , http://www.asil.org/insights101108.cfm, available on the Internet at: (visited 10 April 2013); Koivurova, T., Limits and Possibilities of the Arctic Council in a rapidly changing scene of Arctic Governance (2010) Polar Record, 46 (237), pp. 146-156. , Cambridge University Press; (2007) TN/RL/W/213, , 30 November, Annex VIII; (1992) Environment for Development: "Rio Declaration on Environment and Development", , http://www.unep.org/documents.multilingual/default.asp?documentid=78&articleid=1163, United Nations Environment Programme (UNE P), 3-14 June, available on the Internet at: (visited 4 April 2013); United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: "Durban-Towards full implementation of the UN Climate Change Convention", , http://unfccc.int/key_steps/durban_outcomes/items/6825.php, available on the Internet at: (visited 3 April 2013); Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, CLCS, Outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines-Submissions to the Commission: Partial revised submission by the Russian Federation, , http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_rus_rev.htm, United Nations Oceans and Law of the Sea, available on the Internet at: (visited 16 April 2013); WT/MIN(05)/DEC, , Annex D, paragraph 9; Fishing Subsidies WWF Briefing Series, , http://www.wto.org/english/forums_e/ngo_e/wwf_fishsubs_e.pdf, WTO Website, Forum: available on the Internet at: (visited 8 April 2013); Takei, Y., Polar Complications in the Law of the Sea: A Case Study of the Regime for Research and Survey Activities in the Arctic Ocean (2010) Sixth ABLOS Conference "Contentious Issues in UNCLOS-Surely Not?", , (Presentation given at the, International Hydrographic Bureau, Principality of Monaco, 25-27 October); Head, I.L., Canadian claims to territorial sovereignty in the Arctic regions (1963) McGill Law Journal, 9 (3), pp. 200-226; Walsh, J.E., Cryosphere and Hydrology (2006) Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Scientific Report, pp. 183-242. , Cambridge University Press; Byers, M., Who owns the Arctic?-Arctic Sovereignty and International Relations (2012) Canada can help Russia with Northern Sea Route, , The Moscow Times, 9 June; Junji, N., Doha negotiation on Fisheries Subsidies (2008) International Economic Law and Policy Blog, , http://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2008/10/doha-negotiatio.html, 19 October, available on the Internet at: (visited 8 April 2013); Chang, S.W., WTO Disciplines on Fisheries Subsidies-A Historic Step towards Sustainability? (2003) Journal of International Economic Law, 6 (4), pp. 879-921. , Oxford University Press; Kaye, S.B., Territorial Sea Baselines Along Ice Covered Coasts: International Practice and Limits of the Law of the Sea (2004) Ocean Development & International Law, 35 (1), pp. 75-102; Presentation given at the Sixth ABLOS Conference "Contentious Issues in UNCLOS-Surely Not?" (2010) International Hydrographic Bureau, Principality of Monaco, , Survey Activities in the Arctic Ocean, 25-27 October},
correspondence_address1={Huarte Melgar, B.; not available, Calle Llorente 13, 36202 - Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain},
publisher={University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies Rijeka},
issn={13320718},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pomosrtvo},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stel2013193,
author={Stel, J.H.},
title={Ocean space and the anthropocene, new notions in geosciences? - An essay},
journal={Geologie en Mijnbouw/Netherlands Journal of Geosciences},
year={2013},
volume={92},
number={2-3},
pages={193-211},
doi={10.1017/s0016774600000147},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884627338&doi=10.1017%2fs0016774600000147&partnerID=40&md5=df4c198f1706f8427496b9da87ed8fa2},
affiliation={International Centre for Integrated Assessment and Sustainable Development (ICIS), University Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands},
abstract={Two notions, Ocean Space and the Anthropocene, are discussed. The first is occasionally used in legal and governance literature, and in the media. The Anthropocene, however, is widely applied in the global change research community and the media. The notion of ocean space stands for a holistic, system science approach combined with 4D thinking from the ocean, and the processes within it, towards the land. Ocean space is in fact a social-ecological concept that deals with sustainability challenges which are the consequence of the complex interactions between humans and the marine environment on all scales. Ocean space is, on a human scale, impressively large. On a planetary scale, however, it is insignificant although it has been an ancient feature of the Earth for the last four billion years or so. Yet ocean space is a critical player in the Earth System; it is central to climate regulation, the hydrological and carbon cycles and nutrient flows, it balances levels of atmospheric gases, it is a source of raw materials vital for medical and other uses, and a sink for anthropogenic pollutants. The notion also encompasses issues such as exploration, adventure, science, resources, conservation, sustainability, etc., and should be an innovative and attractive outreach instrument for the media. Finally, it marks the fundamental change in ocean exploration in the twenty-first century in which ocean-observing systems, and fleets of robots, are routinely and continuously providing quality controlled data and information on the present and future states of ocean space. Advocates of the notion of the Anthropocene argue that this new epoch in geological time, commenced with the British industrial revolution. To date, the Anthropocene has already been subdivided into three stages. The first of these coincides with the beginning of the British industrial revolution around 1800. This transition quickly transformed a society which used natural energy sources into one that uses fossil fuels. The present high-energy society of more than seven billion people mostly with highly improved living standards and birth rates, and a global economy, is the consequence. The downside of this development comprises intensive resource and land use as well as large-scale pollution of the (marine) environment. The first stage of the Anthropocene ended abruptly after the Second World War when a new technology push occurred, leading to the second stage: 'the Great Acceleration' (1945-2015) followed by the third: 'Stewards of the Earth'. Here it is concluded that the notion of the Anthropocene reflects a hierarchical or individualistic perspective, often leading to a "business as usual" management style, and 'humanises' the geological time scale. The use of this notion is not supported. However, it is already very popular in the media. This again might lead to overestimating the role of humans in nature, and might facilitate an even more destructive attitude towards it, through the application of geo-engineering. The latter could be opening another Pandora's box. Instead we should move to a more sustainable future in which human activities are better fine tuned to the environment that we are part of. In this respect transition management is an interesting new paradigm.},
author_keywords={Anthropogenic pollution;  Environmental change;  Oceanography;  Outreach;  Sustainable development;  Transitions},
keywords={atmospheric gas;  carbon cycle;  environmental change;  human activity;  hydrological cycle;  marine environment;  nature-society relations;  nutrient;  oceanography;  pollutant;  sustainable development},
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Aeneas Boxtel; Rotmans, J., Kemp, R., Van Asselt, M., More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy (2001) Foresight, 3 (1), pp. 15-31; Rotmans, J., Loorbach, D., Towards a better understanding of transitions and their governance (2010) A Systematic and Reflexive Approach, pp. 103-220. , Jn: Grin, J., Rotmans, 3. & Schot 3., in co-operation with Geels, F. & Loorbach, D. Transitions to sustainable development - Part 1. New directions in the study of long term transformative change. 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(2011) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A369, pp. 835-1111; Living planet report 2010: Biodiversity, biocapacity and development (2012) WWF, p. 162. , WWF, Gland; Worm, B., Barbier, E.B., Beaumont, N., Duffy, J.E., Folke, C., Halpern, B.S., Jackson, J.B.C., Watson, R., Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services (2006) Science, 314 (5800), pp. 787-790. , DOI 10.1126/science.1132294; Yin, Y., Cohen, S., Huang, G.H., Global climate change and regional sustainable development: The case of mackenzie basin in Canada (2000) Integrated Assessment, 1, pp. 21-37; Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Smith, A., Barry, T.L., Bovin, P.R., Rawson, P., Brenchley, P., Stone, P., Are we now living in the Anthropocene? (2008) GSA Today, 18, pp. 4-8; Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Steffen, W., Crutzen, P., The new world of the Anthropocene (2010) Environment Science and Technology, 44, pp. 2228-2231. , doi:10.1021/es903118j; Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Fortey, R., Smith, A., Barry, T.L., Coe, A.L., Bown, P.R., Rawson, P.P., Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene (2011) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A369, pp. 1036-1055},
correspondence_address1={Stel, J.H.; International Centre for Integrated Assessment and Sustainable Development (ICIS), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands},
publisher={Stichting Netherlands Journal of Geosciences},
issn={00167746},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geol. Mijnb./Neth. J. Geosci.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sintserov201322,
author={Sintserov, L.M.},
title={Crisis of global economic ties in the middle of the 20th century},
journal={Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya Geografiya},
year={2013},
number={1},
pages={22-27},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881454860&partnerID=40&md5=3cf018649af0c47628f6e3a5020ba87a},
abstract={The state of the world trade, foreign investments and the international migration after the World War II was analyzed. It was found out that during the 1950s-1960s, prior to the present-day globalization, the intensity of international economic ties, as well as their role in the global economy, was considerably lower than at the beginning of the 20th century.},
author_keywords={Foreign investment;  International migration;  World trade},
keywords={global economy;  globalization;  international migration;  investment;  war},
references={Bairoch, P., Globalization myths and realities: One century of external trade and foreign investment (1996) States Against Markets, pp. 173-192. , R. Boyer, D. Drache. L.: Routledge; Bairoch, P., Kozml-Wright, R., Globalization myths: Some historical reflections on integration, industrialization and growth in the world economy (1996) UNCTAD Discuss. Pap., (113), p. 28. , March; Deutsch, K.W., Eckstein, A., National industrialization and the declining share of the international economic sector, 1890-1959 (1961) World Politics, (2), pp. 267-299. , January; Thomas, B., (1958) Economics of International Migration, p. 502. , L.: Macmillan; Kuznets, S., (1966) Modem Economic Growth: Rate, Structure and Spread, p. 529. , New Haven: Yale University Press; Kuznets, S., Quantitative aspects of the economic growth of nations. X. Level and structure of foreign trade: Long-term trends (1967) Economic Development and Cultural Change, 15 (2 PART II), p. 139; Maizels, A., (1963) Industrial Growth and World Trade, p. 563. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Martin, J., Migration and the global economy: Some stylized facts (2008) Canad. Diversity, 6 (3), pp. 22-25; Nurkse, R., Equilibrium and growth in the world economy (1961) Harvard Econ. Stud., 118, p. 380; Sachs, J.D., Warner, A., Economic reform and the process of global integration (1995) Brookings Pap on Econ. Activity, (1), pp. 1-117; Sombart, W., (1913) Die Deutsche Volkswirtschaft im Neunzehnten Jahrhundert, p. 532. , Berlin: Bondi; Waltz, K.N., The myth of national interdependence (1970) The International Corporation, pp. 205-223. , C. Kindlebeiger. Cambridge: The M. I. T. Press; Woytinsky, W.S., Woytinsky, E.S., (1955) World Commerce and Governments. Trends and Outlook, p. 907. , N. Y.: The Twentieth Century Fund; Yeager, L.B., (1966) International Monetary Relations: Theory, History and Policy, p. 504. , N. Y.: Harper & Row},
correspondence_address1={Sintserov, L.M.email: sintserov@mail.ru},
publisher={Lomonosov Moscow State University},
issn={05799414},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Ser. 5 Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chivakidakarn201352,
author={Chivakidakarn, Y.},
title={Social segregation in Singapore. Case of the construction guest workers},
journal={Territorio},
year={2013},
volume={65},
pages={52-59},
doi={10.3280/TR2013-065007},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881288060&doi=10.3280%2fTR2013-065007&partnerID=40&md5=3f19cafd4c7c3e99f653e251aa638b98},
affiliation={Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento Architettura e Studi Urbani, Italy},
abstract={A tug of war between the theory and the absolute control, who shall win? In focusing on two research questions, firstly, Singapore has shown the social polarization and social segregation phenomena, as the results of global economy that has brought the immigrants to feed the increasing low-skilled work demand, such like in construction industry. Using Wacquant's social inequality theory, many of the construction guest workers' dormitories could be socio-spatially considered as urban run-down areas. Thus, despite being a unique absolute authorized city-state, Singapore is unavoidably facing the mainstream urban social problem like other global cities in the world. However, secondly, the difference to the rest seems to be that, such forms or urban slums and social segregation are intentionally remained unsolved by the government. Neither genuine control to improve the existing 'disgusting' dormitories conditions nor integration measure for the guest workers has never been actively implemented, since it was thought to bring the severe and long-term polarization to Singapore. Therefore, it might be interesting to follow up the performance of the government's policy that is trying to reduce reliance on foreign construction workers, investigating the trends 1) whether more Singaporeans are interested in construction works; 2) whether the foreign labor demand is decreasing; 3) if the former two points are occurring, whether or not the competition with the cheaper foreign labor cost started in the domestic construction labor market, and whether or not it leads to more illegal migrant workers; and to conclude, 4) whether there is a likelihood that the scheme would be successful. Copyright © Franco Angeli.},
references={(2009) Introductory English for Construction Workers, , www.bca.gov.sg/academy/courses_tests.aspx?Course_Exam_Code=CS001017, Bca Academy consulted April 14, 2011; Chan, A., (2011) Hired on Sufferance -China's Migrant Workers in Singapore, , Research report, China Labour Bulletine; Chia, J., (2007) Foreign Workers Causing Social Problem in Singapore, , http://singaporesundry.blogspot.com/2007/11/foreign-workers- causingsocial-problem.htm, consulted March 20, 2011; Chok, S., (2009) Toc Special Feature: Is Singapore Really Slum-Free?, , http://theonlinecitizen.com/2009/09/toc-special-feature-is-singapore- reallyslum-free/, consulted: February 10, 2011; Chuan, T.Y., (2012), http://singaporesundry.blogspot.com/2007/11/foreign-workerscausing- social-problem.htm, 300,000 Unskilled Workers will get to Work Longer Here consulted March 20, 2011; Cnn-Go, Singapore migrant workers living in slums (2012) The Straits Times, , published on April 2; (2011) Key Indicators, , www.singstat.gov.sg, Department of Statistics Singapore, consulted February 10, 2011; (2007) EnterpriseOne -Bca Sets New Rules for Foreign Workers Housing, , www.business.gov.sg/EN/News/Jun2007/20070506BCASetsN.htm, Government of Singapore, consulted April 14, 2011; Hamnett, C., Social segregation and social polarization (2001) Handbook of Urban Studies, pp. 162-176. , in Paddison A. (ed.) Sage Publication, London, doi: 10.4135/ 9781848608375.n10; (2006) Building Towers, Cheating Workers, , Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch Plublication, New York; Kanna, A., (2006) Dubai in a Jagged World, Middle East Research and Information Project, , www.merip.org/mer/mer243/dubai-jagged-world; (2011) Employment Situation in Fourth Quarter 2010, , www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/Pages/PressReleasesDetails.aspx?listid=347, Ministry of Manpower, consulted February 24, 2011; Ofori, G., (1996) Foreign Construction Workers in Singapore, , International Labor Office, Geneva; Ofori, G., Debrah, Y.A., Flexible management of workers: Review of employment practices in the construction industry in singapore (1998) Construction Management and Economics, 16 (4), pp. 397-408. , doi: 10.1080/014461998372187; Olds, K., Yeung, H., Pathways to global city formation: A view from the developmental city-state of singapore (2004) Review of International Political Economy, 11, pp. 489-521. , doi: 10.1080/0969229042000252873; Sassen, S., (2000) Cities in a World Economy, , Pine Forge press, Thousand Oaks; Tan, R., (2008) Singapore Central: Foreign Workers in Singapore: Integrating or Segregating Them, , http://sgcentral.blogspot.com/2008/10/foreignworkers-in-singapore.html, consulted March 20, 2011; (2008) The Straits Times, , http://straitstimes.com/Budget%2B2008/Latest%2BNews/Story/ STIStory_213868.html, Why Tension over Foreign Workers will Continue consulted February 10, 2011; (2008) State of the World's Cities 2008/2009, , United Nations Human Settlement Programs, Harmonious Cities, Earthscan, London; (2008) Master Plan 2008, , www.ura.gov.sg/mp08/map.jsf?goToRegion=SIN, Urban Redevelopment Authority; consulted March 23, 2011; (2007) Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change: Singapore, , http://earthshots.usgs.gov/Singapore/Singapore;, U.S. Geological Survey consulted February 10 2011; Wacquant, L., (2008) Logics of Urban Polarization from Below, Urban Outcasts, , Polity Press, London},
correspondence_address1={Chivakidakarn, Y.; Politecnico di Milano, Italy; email: yanin.chivakidakarn@mail.polimi.it},
publisher={Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianificazione},
issn={18258689},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Territorio},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Montejano2012141,
author={Montejano, D.},
title={Mexican merchants and teamsters on the Texas Cotton Road, 1862-1865},
journal={Mexico and Mexicans in the Making of the United States},
year={2012},
pages={141-170},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906030984&partnerID=40&md5=bb42cc7963a087cfe850451152824e86},
affiliation={Ethnic Studies Department, University of California, Berkeley, United States},
abstract={Perhaps nothing speaks more pointedly to the general amnesia with regards to Mexico and Mexicans in the history of the United States than their omission from the expansive American Civil War literature. What mention has been made of Mexicans and Mexico has generally focused on border troubles and on Mexican and Texas Mexican military participation-in other words, on bandits and soldiers. Here I wish to focus on Mexican merchants and teamsters and describe the vital commercial role they played in sustaining the western Confederacy. At the most basic level, I want to introduce them as important but overlooked participants in the American Civil War. On a more abstract plane, this chapter suggests that the "Texas cotton road," in existence only for the duration of the Civil War, heralded the potential of the U.S.-Mexican borderlands as an emerging commercial corridor in a global economy. Much has been written about the "blockade runners" of the eastern Confederacy, of the sleek ships running out of Mobile or Wilmington on their way to Havana or Nassau. Little has been written, however, about the blockade running carried out on lumbering ox carts in the western portion of the Confederate states, or what was called the Trans-Mississippi Department. Historians who specialize in nineteenth-century western history have some awareness of the cotton road that traversed Texas southward toward Mexico, but they have not examined the character of this trade nor have they ventured beyond the Texas-Mexican border. What I argue in this essay is that when the Union blockade threatened the economy of the trans-Mississippi Confederacy and the demand for soldiers depleted the population of eligible white men, Mexican merchants and teamsters in essence assumed much of the critical freighting operations for the region. They took those roles not from sympathy with the Confederacy or slavery but in pursuit of profit and good wages. This signaled an abrupt change in Anglo-Mexican relations in Texas. Mexican merchants and teamsters had been excluded from the expanding cotton economy of mid-nineteenth-century Texas. Virulent antiMexican sentiment, especially in the form of vigilante attacks on Mexican cart trains, had driven many Mexicans from the mercantile and freighting trade by the time the state seceded in 1861. But beginning in 1863 until the end of the war, a veritable army of Mexican teamsters-perhaps as many as fifteen thousand-handled the import and export of goods vital to the functioning of the Trans-Mississippi Confederacy. Given the history of conflictual relations between Mexicans and Anglos in Texas, the reliance of the western Confederacy on Mexican merchants and teamsters for freighting and marketing cotton points clearly to its increasingly desperate need for labor and revenue as the Civil War wore on. The recognition and encouragement of this Mexican presence by Confederate authorities stood in contrast to the indifferent or hostile posture of Texas state authorities during the previous decade. © 2012 by the University of Texas Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Olmsted, F.L., (1857) A Journey Through Texas, p. 245. , New York: Dix, Edwards & Co. reprint, Austin: University of Texas Press; Montejano, Anglos and Mexicans, pp. 26-30; Quiroga, M.G., Mexicanos in texas during the civil war (2000) Mexican Americans in Texas History, , Emilio Zamora, Cynthia Orozco, and Rodolfo Rocha, eds Austin: Texas State Historical Association; Montejano, Anglos and Mexicans, p. 29; De León, A., Stewart, K.L., (1989) Tejanos and the Numbers Game, pp. 33-34. , Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; Knight, L., The cart war: Defining American in san antonio in the 1850s (2006) Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 109 (3), p. 320. , January; Montejano, Anglos and Mexicans, pp. 34-41; Thompson, J., (1976) Vaqueros in Blue and Gray, pp. 9-11. , Austin, Tex.: Presidial Press; Quiroga, G., Mexicanos in Texas During the Civil War, pp. 55-56; Quiroga, G., Mexicanos in Texas During the Civil War, p. 54; Irby, J.A., (1977) Backdoor at Bagdad, pp. 5-7. , El Paso: Texas Western Press; (1862), Letter, San Román to Antonio Costa, Havana, July 28, 1862, San Román Collection, Letter Press Book, June 1-November 11; Letter from H. H. Edwards, Nacogdoches, February 3, 1863, Box 9, "Letters 1863," Stillman Papers; Hunter, J.W., The Fall of Brownsville on the Rio Grande, November 1863, , typescript, n.d., "Notes on Rio Grande Valley" Folder, Harbert Davenport Papers, Lorenzo de Zavala State Library, Austin, Texas; Letter from Josiah Turner, Alleyton, February 9, 1863, Box 9, "Letters 1863," Stillman Papers; Turner, San Patricio (?), to J. H. Phelps, Houston, April 24, 1864, Box 10, "Letters 1864," Stillman Papers; A supercargo was the owner's agent, usually a trusted employee or merchant, who traveled with the valued merchandise. García's command of English, exquisite penmanship, and exacting accounting suggest a formal education and a mercantile background. García might have been a merchant from Victoria or San Antonio (García to Stillman, Box 9, "1863" Folder, Stillman Papers); Yturria, F.D., (2006) The Patriarch, p. 75. , Brownsville: University of Texas at Brownsville; Tri-Weekly Telegraph (March 27, 1863), in Andrew Forest Muir Papers, Folder 63.1, Woodsen Research Center, Rice University; Kerby, R.L., (1972) Kirby Smith's Confederacy, p. 168. , Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press; Cotton Supply Reporter, pp. 1861-1866. , (Manchester, Eng.); Letter from Harbert Davenport to Holland McCombs, June 26, 1953, "Los Algodones" Folder, Box 2-23/214, Harbert Davenport Papers; Letter from San Román to Avendano brothers, New Orleans, February 6, 1862, San Román Collection, Letter Press Book, September 30, 1861-May 29, 1862; As reported in the Galveston Civilian-Extra (April 1, 1862), Andrew Forest Muir Papers, Box 27, Folder 16; San Román to Echeverría, New York, March [day indecipherable], 1862, San Román Collection, Letter Press Book, September 30, 1861-May 29, 1862; Letter from Davenport to McCombs, June 26, 1953, "Los Algodones" Folder, Davenport Papers; Letter from Davenport to McCombs, July 7, 1953, "Los Algodones" Folder, Davenport Papers; (1921) Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, 17, pp. 191-192. , Report to Hon. Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, from Lieutenant Commander Couthouy, commanding U.S. bark Kingfisher, Key West, March 19, 1862 Washington Series I; (1863) Letter from Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles to Secretary of the Treasury Salmon Chase, 17, p. 417. , April 21 Series I; Hunter, J.W., The Fall of Brownsville on the Rio Grande, November 1863, , typescript, n.d., "Notes on Rio Grande Valley" Folder, Harbert Davenport Papers; Letter from Robert Clark, Victoria, August 23, 1863, Box 9, "Letters 1863," Stillman Papers; Jackson, noting that San Román's accounting left him short thirty-three bales of the ninety-nine forwarded, asked if Captain Kenedy had sold some of the cotton at King Ranch; Jackson to San Román, April 14, 1862, Letters to San Román, 1862, 1863, San Román Collection; The new regulations issued by General Magruder (in April 1863), which a Confederate Cotton Bureau would oversee, called for a tithe of 10 percent of all cotton to support the war: letters from Harbert Davenport to Holland McCombs, July 21, July 24, 1863, "Los Algodones" Folder, Box 2-23/214, Harbert Davenport Papers; The lack of trust in the competency of the local Confederate command was dramatically illustrated when the Matamoros cotton merchants offered to finance a military campaign to recapture Brownsville but only if commanded by Col. John Ford, whom they believed was an honest and skillful military officer: letters, Davenport to McCombs, June 29, July 3, 1863, "Los Algodones" Folder, Box 2-23/214, Harbert Davenport Papers; James Smith to Charles Stillman, received September 30, answered October 4, 1863, Box 9, "Letters 1863," Stillman Papers; Yturria, The Patriarch, pp. 83-87; (1862) Alderete to Francisco Yturria, p. 85. , May 28 Ibid; (1862) Alderete to Francisco Yturria, p. 85. , mid-July Ibid; (1863) Alderete to Francisco Yturria, p. 86. , February 13 Ibid; (1863) Alderete to Francisco Yturria, p. 86. , April 28 Ibid; (1863) Alderete to Francisco Yturria, pp. 86-87. , May 27 Ibid; Cerutti, M., (2000) Propietarios, Empresarios y Empresa en el Norte de México, , Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno Editores; Lang to San Román, February 19, 1863, San Román Collection, Letters to San Román, 1863; Letters from San Román to M. Echeverría & Co., New York, October 12, October 27, 1862, San Román Collection, Letter Press Book, June 1-November 11, 1862; Cerutti, Propietarios, Empresarios y Empresa, pp. 180-185; San Román to M. Echeverría & Co., New York, November 19, 1862, San Román Collection, Letter Press Book, November 1862-May 1863; Joseph Kleiber, Columbus, to José San Román, April 12, 1863, San Román Collection, Letters to José San Román, 1863; Fernandes, Alleyton, to San Román, April 10, 1863, San Román Collection, Letters to José San Román, 1863; González-Quiroga, Mexicanos in Texas During the Civil War, pp. 58-59; Graf, L.P., (1942) The Economic History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1820-1875, p. 434. , PhD dissertation, Harvard University; González-Quiroga, Mexicanos in Texas During the Civil War, pp. 60-61; González Quiroga, Mexicanos in Texas During the Civil War, pp. 59-60; Hunter, J.W., The Fall of Brownsville on the Rio Grande, November 1863, , typescript, n.d., "Notes on Rio Grande Valley" Folder, Harbert Davenport Papers; (1863) The San Antonio News, , August 27 reprinting items from the Fort Brown Flag, August 14, 1863; J. Z. Leyendecker Papers, Folder 1, Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin; Yturria, The Patriarch, p. 73; Hunter, The fall of brownsville Notes on Rio Grande Valley, , Folder, Harbert Davenport Papers},
correspondence_address1={Montejano, D.; Ethnic Studies Department, , Berkeley, United States},
publisher={University of Texas Press},
isbn={9780292737181},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mex. and Mexicans in the Mak. of the U. States},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Parks2012122,
author={Parks, L.},
title={Satellites, oil, and footprints: Eutelsat, Kazsat, and post-communist territories in central Asia},
journal={Down to Earth: Satellite Technologies, Industries, and Cultures},
year={2012},
pages={122-140},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905156252&partnerID=40&md5=121db8739f33f238e69dfaf2b1dea496},
affiliation={Department of Film and Media Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States},
abstract={In their study of energy, water, and telecommunications systems, Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin note, "infrastructure networks and the socio-technical processes that surround them are strongly involved in structuring and delineating the experiences of urban culture and what Raymond Williams termed the 'structures of feeling' of modern urban life." Furthermore, they write, "A s capital that is literally 'sunk' and embedded within and between the fabrics of cities, [infrastructure networks] represent longterm accumulations of finance, technology, know-how, [and] organizational and geopolitical power."1 Rather than examine infrastructures that are "sunk" beneath Earth's surface, in this chapter I consider the accumulations of finance, technology, know-how, and organizational and geopolitical power that orbit Earth. More specifically, I explore how satellites and their footprints have played a role in reorganizing the economic and cultural flows across the post-Communist territories of Central Asia in recent years.2 Central Asia underwent major political and economic transformations after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Once in the orbit of Soviet control, republics or countries from Kazakhstan to Mongolia and from Ukraine to Bulgaria experienced democratization campaigns, gradually liberalized their economies, and began to integrate within the consumer cultures of Western Europe and the United States. In the midst of these political and economic transitions, foreign investors have also scrambled to access Central Asia's natural resource wealth. Western corporations began investing in the region in the early 1990s and have dramatically expanded operations since then in an effort to plumb the region's oil, gas, metal, and mineral deposits. Central Asia has also gained geopolitical importance in recent years as the United States has attempted to reposition itself strategically in relation to Russia and China, and has maneuvered to stake out new positions in the region in the context of the war on terror. These historical conditions set the backdrop for satellite developments and orbital slot assignments in Central Asia since the Soviet Union's dissolution. As international communications scholar Monroe Price has argued, there is a "need for a richer understanding of the geopolitical, economic, and technical factors that determine who controls which orbital slots, what satellites gain access to those slots, and what program services are actually carried." He continues, "an understanding of infrastructure-the way satellite routes come into being and are regulated-is necessary for an assessment of the consequences of information and entertainment flows. One way to begin this process is to examine some examples-small case studies-of the differentiation of satellite patterns."3 Following Price's suggestion, I examine the strategies of two very different satellite operators doing business across post-Communist territories of Central Asia-Eutelsat and Kazakhstan. My research on this topic began when I attended the Caspian Telecoms Conference in Istanbul in April 2007, where representatives from global telecom corporations and state officials from new nations of the Caspian region and Central Asia, including representatives of Eutelsat and Kazakhstan, met to discuss the future of the region's telecommunications infrastructure. The contrasting positions of Eutelsat (one of the world's largest and most established satellite operators, headquartered in France) and Kazakhstan (one of the smallest and newest satellite operators) were especially intriguing. They provide a unique opportunity to consider the relationship between satellites and post-Communism. While Eutelsat has expanded into this region to cultivate new markets in what the company refers to as "extended Europe," Kazsat was launched primarily to offer satellite services to regional clients. The satellites of both of these operators have been used to circulate broadcast and telecommunication signals, facilitate flows of finance and capital, and reshape geographic imaginaries. While satellites have bolstered the broadcast and telecom sectors of the region, it is important to note that satellite operators have also provided orbital platforms for the Caspian's booming oil industry. Satellites are used to support everything from surveying oil fields to monitoring drilling operations, from constructing oil rigs to maintaining pipelines. Since the same satellites can be used to support very different industries, it is important to develop an analytical model that can account for the more "cultural" uses of satellites (such as broadcasting) in relation to their more "extractive" uses (such as natural resource development). In an effort to develop such a model, I concentrate on the footprint-the territorial boundary in which a signal from a given satellite can be received. It is within this zone that the multifarious uses of a satellite can become intelligible and therefore can be described and analyzed. In this essay I provide a preliminary analysis of the footprints of Eutelsat's W2, W4, and Sesat 1, and Kazakhstan's Kazsat 1, all of which began operating in Central Asia after the fall of the Soviet Union. To do so, I develop an approach called "footprint analysis," which blends critical approaches from media and cultural studies, cultural geography, critical geopolitics, and science and technology studies, and attempts to establish a field of inquiry between orbit and the ground, cartography and ethnography, spectral and social space. It is a critical practice that emphasizes the material and territorializing effects of satellite technologies and involves examining footprint maps, foregrounding the eclectic ways in which satellites are developed and used, and studying the political implications of such uses. Footprint analysis assumes that the satellite is situated within a field of power relations and that, because of this, its uses have territorializing effects. As I have suggested elsewhere, satellite footprints are not inert technical boundaries; rather, they "represent the power to transform, redefine and hybridize nations, territories, and cultures in a most material way."4 Here, I want to think about footprints specifically in relation to post-Communist conditions in Central Asia, and especially in relation to new countries with vast territories, limited terrestrial infrastructures, and natural resource wealth. Kazakhstan, for instance, has rapidly privatized its resource-rich landscapes, has launched its own satellite and Internet services, and is actively participating in regional and global economies. While major reforms have occurred in such post-Communist countries, we still know little about the role satellites have played in relation to these transitions. The chapter begins with a discussion of footprint analysis as a conceptual framework and moves on to discuss satellite footprints in Central Asia. © 2012 by Rutgers, The State University. All rights reserved.},
references={(2009) European Journal of Cultural Studies, 12 (2), pp. 137-156; Graham, S., Marvin, S., (2001) Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition, p. 12. , London: Routledge; Price, M., Satellite broadcasting as trade routes in the sky (2002) Search of Boundaries: Communication, Nation-States and Cultural Identities, p. 149. , ed. Joseph Chan and Bryce McIntyre Westport, Conn.: Ablex; Parks, L., (2005) Cultures in Orbit: Satellites and the Televisual, p. 70. , Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; Toal, G., Geopolitical structures and cultures: Toward conceptual clarity in the critical study of geopolitics (2004) Geopolitics: Global Problems and Regional Concerns, p. 75. , ed. Lasha Tchantouridze Winnepeg, Ont.: Centre for Defence and Security Studies; Innis, H., (2008) The Bias of Communication, , 2nd ed. Toronto: Toronto University Press; Schiller, H., (1992) Mass Communications and American Empire, , 2nd ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Mattelart, A., (2000) Networking the World: 1794-2000, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; (2007) Caspian Telecom Conference, , conference program, Istanbul, April 12-13; (2008) Eutelsat Commissions New W3B Satellite from Thales Alenia Space, , http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1269461/ eutelsat_commissions_new_w3b_satellite_from_thales_alenia_space/index.html, February 26 accessed March 24, 2011; Eutelsat presentation (2007) Caspian Telecom Conference, p. 10. , Ali Korur (Eutelsat Regional Sales Director, Middle East and Central Asia) Istanbul, April 12-13; (2004) Eutelsat Buys Lifetime Lease for 12 Transponders on Russia's AM22 Bird, , http://www.spacedaily.com/news/satellite-biz-04zo.html, March 18 accessed March 24, 2011; (2008) Upcoming Launches, , http://www.eutelsat.com/satellites/upcoming-launches.html, accessed March 24, 2011; Price, Satellite Broadcasting, p. 148; Downing, J., The intersputnik system and soviet television (1985) Soviet Studies, 37 (4), pp. 465-483; Eutelsat satellite solutions for oil and gas companies Eutelsat Corporate Brochure; CapRock and eutelsat team up to deliver telecommunications solutions to customers (2003) Bnet Business Network, , http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5367/is_200311/ai_n21340416, November accessed March 24, 2011; Solutions for Oil and Gas, , http://www.caprock.com/markets/oil_gas_satellite.htm, accessed March 24, 2011; Company, , http://www.caprock.com/company/company.htm, accessed March 24, 2011; Sakr, N., (2001) Satellite Realms: Transnational Television, Globalization and the Middle East, , London: I. B. Tauris; Downing, Intersputnik System, pp. 465-483; (2008) KazSat-1 Satellite Is Most Likely Lost, , http://www.interfax.kz/?lang=eng&int_id=10&function= view&news_id=1900, Kazakh Space Agency June 16 accessed March 25, 2011; (2008) Kazakh TV Off-Air After Satellite Breathing Troubles,', , http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/06/18/kazakh_satellite_troubles/, Lewis Page June 18 accessed March 25, 2011; Kazsat, , http://www.russianspaceweb.com/kazsat.html, accessed March 25, 2011; (2005) KazSatCon 2005 Conference and Exhibition Website, , http://www.satsig.net/satellite-kazakhstan.htm, website dated February 23 accessed March 25, 2011; Robbins, C., (2008) Apples Are from Kazakhstan: The Land that Disappeared, , New York: Atlas; Voice and data networks for oil and gas companies (2004) Online Journal of Space Communication, 7. , http://satjournal.tcom.ohiou.edu:16080/issue7/cur_gilatoil.html, Fall accessed July 17, 2008; http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue7/cur_oilGas.html, subsequently accessed March 25, 2011; Olivier, E., Pipelines of the skies (2004) Online Journal of Space Communication, 7. , http://satjournal.tcom.ohiou.edu:16080/issue7/ov_skypipes.html, Fall accessed July 17, 2008; http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue7/ov_skypipes.html, subsequently accessed March 25, 2011; (2008) Kazakhstan to Change Equipment of its Second Satellite, , http://www.oananews.org/view.php?id=2176&ch=AST, June 17 accessed March 25, 2011; Olcott, M.B., Confronting independence: Political overview (2002) Energy in the Caspian Region, p. 43. , ed. Yalena Kalyuzhnova et al. New York: Palgrave; Olcott, M.B., Regional cooperation in central asia and the South Caucasus (2000) Energy and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus, pp. 123-144. , ed. Robert Ebel and Rajan Menon Lanham, Md.: Roman and Littlefield; Olcott, Confronting Independence, p. 44; Franke, A., (2005) B-Zone: Becoming Europe and Beyond, , Barcelona: Actar Press; Parks, L., Postwar footprints: Satellite and wireless stories in Slovenia and Croatia B-Zone, pp. 306-347. , Franke},
correspondence_address1={Parks, L.; Department of Film and Media Studies, , Santa Barbara, United States},
publisher={Rutgers University Press},
isbn={9780813552736},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Down to Earth: Satellite Technologies, Industries, and Cultures},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ritschl201236,
author={Ritschl, A.},
title={Was 2008 the new 1929? Right and wrong comparisons between the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Great Recession of 2008 [War 2008 das neue 1929? Richtige und falsche Vergleiche zwischen der Großen Depression der 1930er Jahre und der Großen Rezession von 2008]},
journal={Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik},
year={2012},
volume={13},
number={SPEC. ISSUE},
pages={36-57},
doi={10.1111/1468-2516.0391},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897669789&doi=10.1111%2f1468-2516.0391&partnerID=40&md5=32b73e2ae63c71e9aaafc035c3c4997d},
affiliation={London School of Economics, United Kingdom},
abstract={The Great Recession of 2008 hit the international economy harder than any other peacetime recession since the Great Contraction after 1929. Soon enough, analogies with the Great Depression were presented, and conclusions were drawn regarding the political response to the slump. This paper is an attempt to sort out real and false analogies and to present conclusions for policy. Its main hypothesis is that the Great Recession resembles the final phase of the Great Contraction between 1931 and 1933, characterized by a fast spreading global financial crisis and the breakdown of the international Gold Standard. The same is also true of the political responses to the banking problems occurring in both crises. The analogy seems less robust for the initial phase of the Great Depression after 1929. The monetary policy response to the Great Recession largely seems to be informed by the monetary interpretation of the Great Depression, but less so by the lessons from the interwar financial crises. As in the Great Depression, policy appears to be on a learning curve, moving away from a mostly monetary response toward mitigating counterpart risk and minimizing interbank contagion. © 2014 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. 2014 Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 2012 13 (Special Issue): 36-57 War 2008 das neue 1929? Richtige und falsche Vergleiche zwischen der Großen Depression der 1930er Jahre und der Großen Rezession von 2008 Albrecht Ritschl London School of Economics Â̈ 1. Einfuhrung Die Große Rezession von 2008 hat die westlichen Volkswirtschaften gleichfÂ̈ rmiger o und stÂ̈ rker getroffen als jede Rezession in Friedenszeiten seit 1929. Recht schnell a sind Vergleiche zur Großen Depression der 1930er Jahre herangezogen worden und haben zumindest anfÂ̈ nglich die politische Reaktion auf die Krise bestimmt: War a 2008 also das neue 1929? Der Rezession von 2008 folgte die Schuldenkrise der Eurozone. Den offenen Ausbruch dieser Krise kann man auf spÂ̈ testens Mai 2010 ansetzen. Auch a sielaesst sich sinnvoll mit der Weltwirtschaftskrise vergleichen; sie hat in den damaligen großen WÂ̈ hrungskrisen ihre ungefÂ̈ hre Entsprechung. Das a a Auftreten von Staatsschuldenkrisen im Gefolge schwerer Rezessionen ist prominent von Reinhart und Rogoff (2009) herausgestellt worden; die Doppelkrise von 2008 und seit 2010 fÂ̈ gt sich in dieses Schema ein (Schularick und Taylor, 2012). u Die nachfolgenden Bemerkungen gelten diesem historischen Krisenvergleich. Das ist nicht ohne Risiko, denn die Folgen der Rezession von 2008 sind noch nicht ausgestanden, der Ausgang der Geschichte ist noch offen. Und die Analyse der Großen Rezession von 2008-im ubrigen aber auch das VerstÂ̈ ndnis der Großen a Â̈ Depression nach 1929-ist noch unvollstÂ̈ ndig. Erst allmÂ̈ hlich hat sich ein erstes a a Gesamtbild geformt. Unbedingt muss also gelten: Irrtum vorbehalten. UnvollstÂ̈ ndige Information hat aber auch die politische Antwort auf die a Große Rezession bestimmt. Besonders in ihrer FrÂ̈ hphase ist die Krise fast u selbstverstÂ̈ ndlich mit der Großen Depression von 1929 gleichgesetzt worden; a in relevanten Teilen der wirtschaftspolitischen Diskussion gilt das bis heute fort. Im folgenden soll die Entsprechung zwischen der Weltwirtschaftskrise der dreißiger Jahre und der Großen Rezession von 2008 genauer betrachtet werden. Beide begannen als Finanzkrise, beide mÂ̈ ndeten-so weit gegenwÂ̈ rtig absehbar u a-in eine lang anhaltende Depression, gekennzeichnet Leerschritt Verwerfungen des internationalen Finanzsystems, geldpolitische Expansionsversuche mit schwankendem Erfolg, hartnÂ̈ ckige Arbeitslosigkeit und eine fehlende Konvergenz a der Produktivit ̈ t zu historischen Wachstumstrends. Nicht zuletzt aber verlief in a beiden Krisen die wirtschaftliche Erholung Deutschlands ungleich dynamischer als in anderen entwickelten Volkswirtschaften-eine idiosynkratische Komponente, auf deren Persistenz man allerdings beim Schreiben dieser Zeilen keine Wetten abschließen mag. C 2012 die Autoren Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik C 2012 Verein fÂ̈ r Socialpolitik. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 u Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA. War 2008 das neue 1929? Bei nÂ̈ herem Hinsehen unterscheiden sich die beiden Episoden jedoch stark, a sowohl was den Krisenverlauf als auch die Rolle der Politik betrifft. Die Große Depression begann 1929 nicht als Bankenkrise, sondern mit einem BÂ̈ rsenkrach; o Krisen des Banksystems traten erst auf, als das US-Sozialprodukt bereits um gut 10% und die industrielle Erzeugung um mehr als ein Viertel eingebrochen war. Anders als nach der Großen Rezession von 2008 lÂ̈ uteten die mit großer VerspÂ̈ tung ergriffenen a a Maßnahmen zur Bankensanierung einen zunÂ̈ chst stÂ̈ rmischen Wiederaufschwung a u ein: zwischen 1933 und 1937 wuchs das US-Sozialprodukt mit Jahresraten von knapp 10%, in Deutschland waren die ZuwÂ̈ chse ahnlich. Erst der neue a Â̈ konjunkturelle RÂ̈ ckschlag im Jahr 1937 hat der damaligen Krise nachtrÂ̈ glich den u a Ruf einer Großen Depression eingetragen. Allerdings war die Große Depression international weniger gleichfÂ̈ rmig o als zu vermuten wÂ̈ re. Anders als die USA befanden sich die europÂ̈ ischen a a Volkswirtschaften mehrheitlich schon vor 1929 in einer langanhaltenden Depression, und auch die Erholung verlief außerst ungleichmÂ̈ ßig; Europa blieb a Â̈ von der Rezession von 1937 weitgehend unberÂ̈ hrt. u Mit AnalogieschlÂ̈ ssen ist schon aus diesen GrÂ̈ nden vorsichtig umzugehen: u u der historische Befund ist vielschichtiger, als man zunÂ̈ chst vermuten kÂ̈ nnte. a o Die vorschnelle Gleichsetzung der Großen Rezession von 2008 mit der Großen Depression in den USA nach 1929 hat anfÂ̈ nglich zu einer suboptimalen a geldpolitischen Antwort gefÂ̈ hrt, einer FehleinschÂ̈ tzung, die spÂ̈ ter teilweise u a a korrigiert worden ist. Pointiert ausgedrÂ̈ ckt hat die Politik 2008 eher die Krise von u 1929 bekÂ̈ mpft als das aktuell vorliegende Problem; manche Teile der Publizistik a tun das bis heute. Da ist vor allem das Experiment der massiven Geldmengenexpansion sowie eines robusten fiskalischen Gegensteuerns. Hier ist nicht der Ort fÂ̈ r eine tragfÂ̈ hige u a quantitative Politikevaluation der Reaktion auf die Große Rezession. Aber sie lÂ̈ dt zu a einem kontrafaktischen Blick auf die Große Depression ein. Sind die VersÂ̈ umnisse a von Geld-und Fiskalpolitik in den USA ab 1929 eine gute ErklÂ̈ rung fÂ̈ r die a u damalige Krise, ist die Große Depression das relevante counterfactual fÂ̈ r das, was u a ohne aggressive Geld-und Fiskalpolitik ab 2008 geschehen wÂ̈ re? Hier kann kaum mehr getan werden, als diese Frage in strukturierter Form zu stellen. Die Antworten fallen eher ernÂ̈ chternd aus. u Zahlreiche bislang weitgehend ungenutzte VergleichsmÂ̈ glichkeiten bietet die o Große Depression als internationale Bankenkrise. Allerdings betrifft dies eher die Ausbereitungs-und SpÂ̈ tphase der damaligen Rezession. Ebenso wie 2008 hat a auch damals die Politik unsystematisch und zÂ̈ gerlich reagiert; die improvisiert o gefundenen LÂ̈ sungen in verschiedenen LÂ̈ ndern sehen aus wie eine historische o a Vorlage zu den Reaktionen auf die Bankenkrise in der Großen Rezession. Eng verbunden mit der Reaktion auf die Bankenkrisen der Zwischenkriegszeit waren wÂ̈ hrungspolitische S © 2012 Verein für Socialpolitik.},
keywords={banking;  comparative study;  economic policy;  financial crisis;  financial market;  global economy;  Great Depression;  historical perspective;  political integration, Puffinus auricularis},
references={Accominotti, O., London merchant banks, the central european panic, and the sterling crisis of 1931 (2012) Journal of Economic History, 72, pp. 1-43; Bernanke, B., Mihov, I., Measuring monetary policy (1998) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, pp. 869-902; Brunnermeier, M., Deciphering the liquidity and credit crunch 2007-2008 (2009) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, pp. 77-100; Burbidge, J., Harrison, A., An historical decomposition of the great depression to determine the role of money (1985) Journal of Monetary Economics, 16, pp. 45-54; Calomiris, C., The political lessons of depression-era banking reform (2010) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 26, pp. 540-560; Christiano, L., Motto, R., Rostagno, M., The great depression and the friedman-schwartz hypothesis (2003) Journal OfMoney, Credit and Banking, 35, pp. 1119-1198; Diamond, D., Dybvig, P., Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity (1983) Journal of Political Economy, 91, pp. 401-419; Douglas, P., Fisher, I., (1939) A Program for Monetary Reform, , http://www.economicstability.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ A-Programfor-Monetary-Reform-.pdf, mimeo zuletzt aufgerufen am 11.10.2012; Eggertson, G.M.W., The zero bound on interest rates and optimal monetary policy (2003) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2003, pp. 139-211; Eichengreen, B., Golden fetters (1992) The Gold Standard and the Great Depression 1919-1939, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Field, A., The interwar housing cycle in the light of 2001-2011: A comparative historical approach (2012) SSRN; Friedman, M., Schwartz, A., (1963) A Monetary History of the United States 1867-1960, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Guinnane, T., (2004) Financial Vergangenheitsbewaeltigung: The 1953 London Debt Agreement, , Yale University Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No. 880; Hamilton, J., Monetary factors in the great depression (1987) Journal of Monetary Economics, 19, pp. 145-169; James, H., (1985) TheReichsbank and Public Finance in Germany 1924-1933, , Frankfurt am Main: Knapp; Klug, A., (1993) The German Buybacks 1932-1939: A Cure for Overhang?Princeton Studies in International Finance, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Krieghoff, N., Americans wanted it. Germans got it Why Germany Introduced Centralized Banking Regulation and the U.S. Didn't, , mimeo, London School of Economics; Kroszner, R., Rajan, R., Is the glass-steagall act justified? A study of the U.S. Experience with universal banking before 1933 (1994) American Economic Review, 84, pp. 810-832; McGrattan, E., Prescott, E., The 1929 stock market: Irving fisher was right (2004) International Economic Review, 45, pp. 991-1009; McNeil, W.C., (1986) American Money and the Weimar Republic, , New York: Columbia University Press; Neal, L., White, E., The glass-steagall act in historical perspective (2012) Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 52, pp. 104-113; Postel-Vinay, N., From a normal recession" to the "great depression": Finding the turning point in Chicago Bank Portfolios, 1923-1933 (2011) Economic History, , Working Paper No. 151/11, LSE; Rappoport, P.E.W., Was there a bubble in the 1929 stockmarket? (1993) Journal of Economic History, 53, pp. 549-574; Reinhart, C., Rogoff, K., (2009) This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Ritschl, A., Sustainability of high public debt: What the historical record shows (1996) Swedish Economic Policy Review, 3, pp. 175-198; Ritschl, A., Reparations, deficits, and debt default: The great depression in Germany (2012) The Great Depression of the 1930s, , Nicholas Crafts und Peter Fearon (Hrsg.) Lessons for Today, Oxford: Oxford University Press, im Erscheinen; Ritschl, A., Salferaz, S., Crisis? What crisis? Currency vs. Banking in the financial crisis of 1931 (2010) CEP Discussion Papers 977, , Centre for Economic Performance, LSE; Ritschl, A., Straumann, T., Business cycles and economic policy, 1914-1945 (2010) Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe Bd. 2: 1870-2000, , Stephen Broadberry/Kevin O'Rourke (Hrsg.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Shin, H.S., Reflections on northern rock: The bank run that heralded the global financial crisis (2009) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23, pp. 101-119; Schnabel, I., The german twin crisis of 1931 (2004) Journal of Economic History, 64, pp. 822-871; Schularick, M., Taylor, A., Credit booms gone bust: Monetary policy, leverage cycles, and financial crises, 1870-2008 (2012) American Economic Review, 102, pp. 1029-1061; Temin, P., (1976) Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression, , New York: Norton; Velde, F., The recession of 1937-acautionary tale (2009) Economic Perspectives, pp. 16-37. , Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; White, E., Before the glass-steagall act: An analysis of the investment banking activities of national banks (1986) Explorations in Economic History, 23, pp. 33-55},
correspondence_address1={Ritschl, A.; London School of EconomicsUnited Kingdom},
issn={14656493},
language={German},
abbrev_source_title={Perspekt. Wirtsch.polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Mason20121,
author={Mason, M.},
title={Global shift: Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1945-2007},
journal={Global Shift: Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1945-2007},
year={2012},
pages={1-349},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897280159&partnerID=40&md5=4ebf921023d2fca059af2512556bcb73},
affiliation={Queen's University, Canada},
abstract={An insightful account of the recent histories of nearly two dozen states, Global Shift is a dynamic, nuanced study of what is sometimes referred to as the "Third World." Seeking to illuminate the deep economic chasm between the global East and West, Mike Mason presents a new perspective of decolonization, neocolonialism, and global capitalism in the context of the rise and decline of a hegemonic America. Global Shift begins with the end of the Second World War, telling the story of a ravaged, but still dominant West, as well as the emergence of the Third World - a zone of competition and contention ultimately engulfed by the rising tide of capitalist development. Mason suggests that historic focus on the West as the centre of the global economy may soon be superseded by the rise of the East Drawing on history, comparative politics, and development studies, Global Shift traces the contours of state histories from Asia, Africa, and Latin America to create a comprehensive portrait of the current state of global politics that is breathtaking in scope. © McGill-Queen's University Press 2013.},
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(2007) New Left Review, 2 (46), pp. 113-129. , July-August; Wade, R., Veneroso, F., The Asian Crisis: The High Debt Model vs. the Wall Street-Treasury-IMF Complex (1998) New Left Review, 1 (228), pp. 3-23. , March-April; Wade, R., Veneroso, F., The Gathering World Slump and the Battle Over Capital Controls (1998) New Left Review, 1 (231), pp. 13-42. , September-October; Wah, F.L.K., Öjendal, J., Southeast Asian Responses to Globalization: Restructuring Governance and Deepening Democracy (2005), Singapore: NIAS Press, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; Walker, R., Buck, D., The Chinese Road: Cities in the Transition to Capitalism (2007) New Left Review, 2 (46), pp. 39-66. , July-August; Wallace, T., NGO Dilemmas: Trojan Horses for Global Neoliberalism? (2003) Socialist Register 2004: The New Imperial Challenge, , edited by Leo Panich and Colin Leys. London: Merlin Press; Wallerstein, I., The Curve of US Power (2006) New Left Review, 2 (40), pp. 77-94. , July-August; Wallis, A., Silent Accomplice: The Untold Story of France's Role in the Rwandan Genocide (2007), New York: I.B. Tauris; Wallis, W., The New Oligarchs (2007) Financial Times (London edition), , 12 July; Walsh, L.E., Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-Up (1997), New York: Norton; Walter, R.J., Politics and Urban Growth in Buenos Aires, 1910-1942 (1993), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Hui, W., The End of the Revolution: China and the Limits of Modernity (2009), London: Verso; Weil, R., Red Cat, White Cat: China and the Contradictions of "Market Socialism." (1996), New York: Monthly Review Press; Weinberger, E., What Happened Here: Bush Chronicles (2006), New York: Verso; Weiss, A.M., Gilani, Z.S., Power and Civil Society in Pakistan (2001), Karachi: Oxford University Press; Westad, A.O., The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (2007), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Wickberg, E., Localism and the Organization of Overseas Migration in the Nineteenth Century (1999) Cosmopolitan Capitalists: Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the End of the Twentieth Century, pp. 35-55. , edited by Gary Hamilton, Seattle: Univesity of Washington Press; Williamson, E., The Penguin History of Latin America (2009), London: Penguin Press; Windrow, M., The Last Valley: Dien Bien Phu and the French Defeat in Vietnam (2006), Cambridge: Da Capo Press; Woddis, J., Introduction to Neo-Colonialism: The New Imperialism in Asia, Africa and Latin America (1967), New York: International Publishers; Wolf, M., In the Grip of a Great Convergence (2011) Financial Times, , www.ft.com, 4 January; Wolf, M., Why Globalization Works (2004), New Haven: Yale University Press; Siu-Lun, W., Deciding to Stay, Deciding to Move, Deciding Not to Decide (1999) Cosmopolitan Capitalists: Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the End of the Twentieth Century, pp. 135-151. , edited by Gary Hamilton, Seattle: Univesity of Washington Press; Woo, M., The New East Asia (2007) New Left Review, 2 (47), pp. 57-69. , September-October; Wood, M.E., Empire of Capital (2003), London: Verso; Wright, L., The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (2006), London: Allan Lane; Wrong, M., In the Footsteps of Mr (2000), Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in the Congo. London: Fourth Estate; Yahuda, M., Hong Kong: China's Challenge (1996), New York: Routledge; Yamamora, K., The Economic Emergence of Modern Japan (1997), New York: Cambridge University Press; Yapp, M.E., The Near East Since the First World War (1991), Harlow, UK: Longman; Young, C., Turner, T., The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State (1985), Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; Young, M., The Vietnam Wars, 1945-1990 (1991), New York: Harper Collins; Hsing, Y.-T., Making Capitalism in China: The Taiwan Connection (1998), New York: Oxford University Press; Zangana, H., City of Widows: An Iraqi Woman's Account of War and Resistance (2007), New York: Seven Stories Press},
correspondence_address1={Mason, M.; Queen's UniversityCanada},
publisher={McGill-Queen's University Press},
isbn={9780773540637},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Shift: Asia, Afr., and Latin Am., 1945-2007},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Obstfeld2012,
author={Obstfeld, M. and Cho, D. and Mason, A.},
title={Global economic crisis: Impacts, transmission and recovery},
journal={Global Economic Crisis: Impacts, Transmission and Recovery},
year={2012},
page_count={304},
doi={10.4337/9781781006306},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881856471&doi=10.4337%2f9781781006306&partnerID=40&md5=514dad56f5f1fb972ceb78b2f1fc62f5},
affiliation={University of California, Berkeley, United States; KDI School of Public Policy and Management, South Korea; University of Hawaii, Manoa, United States},
abstract={In 2008, the global economy experienced the most severe crash since World War II. A sharp collapse in international trade followed, leaving no country on the globe immune to a sequence of economic shocks. This timely book explores many of the key issues raised in the wake of the global economic crisis and provides an in-depth analysis of crisis transmission to emerging markets. © Korea Development Institute and East-West Center 2012. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Obstfeld, M.; University of California, Berkeley, United States},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9781781006290},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Econ. Crisis: Impacts, Transm. and Recovery},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bilal20121575,
author={Bilal, A.R. and Abu Talib, N.B. and Ul Haq, I. and Ali Khan, M.N.A. and Islam, T.},
title={How Terrorism and macroeconomic factors impact on returns: A case study of Karachi stock Exchange},
journal={World Applied Sciences Journal},
year={2012},
volume={19},
number={11},
pages={1575-1584},
doi={10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.19.11.2611},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870017578&doi=10.5829%2fidosi.wasj.2012.19.11.2611&partnerID=40&md5=f0c8575bb113145ffcf4eabec03f537e},
affiliation={Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia},
abstract={Despite limitation of 'War on Terror' in specific Asian countries, global economies are facing serious threats in their capital markets. As a front line state in War on Terror, Pakistan is facing economic instability and disquieting consequences. Recent emergence of religious, sectarian and politically induced terrorist factions has attracted dramatic focus of media, serious damages to public and private assets and unavoidably affected global equity markets. Due to central location of affected areas, equity markets of Pakistan are highly pretentious by consequences of War on Terror. This study examines the relationship between Terrorism and Macroeconomic factors (Interest Rate and Inflation) on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100 Index) using daily basis data for Terrorism and monthly basis data for Macro-economic Factors from 1st July 2005 to 31st June 2010. Various statistical techniques are used include unit root Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Phillip Perron, Johansen's co-integration, Granger's causality test, ARCH, GARCH and GARCH-EVT. Findings of the study revealed co-integration between macroeconomic factors and KSE stock returns which demonstrate that largest equity market of Pakistan KSE-100 Index have negative relationship with Terrorism and causal relationship with interest rate; whereas, no relationship is found with inflation. Outcome of the study explored Cointegration and a long-term relationship among study variables. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.},
author_keywords={Cointegration;  Inflation;  Interest rate;  Karachi stock exchange;  Macro-economic factors;  Pakistan;  Terrorism},
references={Sandler, T., Enders, W., (2002) An Economic Perspective On Transnational Terrorism, , Working Paper. Economics, Finance and Legal studies, The University of Alabama, Working paper Series, 03-04-02: 1-39; Steen, J., Liesch, P., Knight, G., Czinkota, M., The Contagion of International Terrorism and its Effects on the Firm in an Interconnected World (2006) Public Money and Management, 26 (5), pp. 305-312; Cranna, M., Bhindra, N., (1994), The true cost of conflicts. Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC: 95 /03094, ISBN: 1-85383-254-5; Murdoch, J.C., Sandler, T., Economic growth, civil wars and spatial spillovers (2002) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46 (1), pp. 91-110; Frey, B.S., Kucher, M., World War II as reflected on capital markets (2000) Economics Letters, 69 (2), pp. 187-191. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(00)00269-X; Barbieri, K., (2002) The Liberal Illusion: Does Trade Promote Peace?, , Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press; Mansfield, E.D., Pollins, B., (2003) Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives On Enduring Debate, , Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press; Schneider, G., Barbieri, K., Gleditsch, N.P., (2003) Globalization and Armed Conflict, , Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; Rigobon, R., Sack, B., The effects of war risk on US financial markets (2005) Journal of Banking and Finance, 29 (7), pp. 1769-1789; Karolyi, G.A., Martell, R., (2005), http://fisher.osu.edu/fin/dice/papers/2005/2005-19.pdf, Electronic Reference Retrieved on September 15, 2010'; Karolyi, G.A., Martell, R., Terrorism and the Stock Market (2010) International Review of Applied Financial Issues and Economics, 2 (2010), pp. 285-314; Nishat, M., The Systematic Risk and Leverage Effect in Corporate Sector of Pakistan (2000) Pakistan Development Review, 39 (4), pp. 951-962; Roll, R., The International Crash of October 1987 (1988) Financial Analysts Journal, 44 (5), pp. 19-35; Chen, A.H., Siems, T.F., The effects of Terrorism on Global Capital Markets (2004) European Journal of Political Economy, 20 (2), pp. 349-366; Ito, H., Lee, D., Assessing the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on U.S. airline demand (2005) Journal of Economics and Business, 57 (1), pp. 75-95; Fisher, I., (1930) The Stock Market Crash-and After, , New York: Macmillan; Muhammad, N., Rasheed, A., Stock Prices and Exchange Rates: Are they Related? Evidence from South Asian Countries (2003) The Pakistan Development Review, 41 (4), pp. 535-550; Choi, Y.S., Jen, K.C., McHenna, P.J., The Structure of the Solution Set for Periodic Oscillations in a Suspension Bridge Model (1991) IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, 47 (3), pp. 283-306; Humpe, A., Macmillan, P., (2007) Can Macroeconomic Variables Explain Long Term Stock Market Movements?, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1026219, A Comparison of the US and Japan. CDMA Working Paper No. 07/20. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1026219 or; Ali, I., Rehman, K.U., Yilmaz, A.K., Khan, M.A., Afzal, H., Causal relationship between macroeconomic indicators and stock exchange prices in Pakistan (2010) African Journal of Business Management, 4 (3), pp. 312-319; Eldor, R., Melnick, R., Financial markets and Terrorism (2004) European Journal of Political Economy, 20 (2), pp. 367-386; Al-Sharkas, Adel, A., The Dynamic Relationship between Macroeconomic Factors and the Jordian Stock Market (2004) International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 1 (1), pp. 1-18; Chesney, M., Reshetar, G., Karaman, M., The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets: An Empirical Study (2011) Journal of Banking and Finance, 35 (2), pp. 253-268; Ahmad, R., Mustafa, K., Real Stocks and Inflation in Pakistan (2003) Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3 (6), pp. 1-6; Johansen, S., Juselius, K., Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inferences on Cointegration-with Application to the Demand for Money (1990) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52 (2), pp. 169-210; Shahbaz, M., On Nominal and Real Devaluations Relation: An Econometric Evidence for Pakistan (2009) International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 9 (1), pp. 1-24; Mohammad, S., Hussain, A., Jalil, M.A., Ali, A., Impact of Macroeconomics Variables on Stock Prices: Empirical Evidence in Case of KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) (2009) European Journal of Scientific Research, 38, pp. 96-103; Ihsan, H., Ahmad, E., Ihsan, U.M., Sadia, H., Relationship Of Economic And Financial Variables With Behavior Of Stock Returns (2007) Journal of Economic Cooperation, 28 (2), pp. 1-24; Butt, B.Z., Rehman, K.U., Economic Exposure of Stock Returns in an Emerging Stock Market (2010) World Applied Sciences Journal, 9 (3), pp. 322-332},
correspondence_address1={Bilal, A. R.; Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development, , Johor Bahru, Malaysia},
issn={18184952},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World Appl. Sci. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{vanHam2012,
author={van Ham, H. and Rijsenbrij, J.},
title={Development of containerization: Success through vision, drive and technology},
journal={Development of Containerization: Success Through Vision, Drive and Technology},
year={2012},
page_count={336},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880186915&partnerID=40&md5=fb78550b72654cbc01f8267567e16669},
abstract={This book deals with the revolution of containerization, a breakthrough in maritime transport. Until World War II, maritime transport and transshipment of general cargo had been virtually unchanged for decades. Mechanization and the introduction of small unit loads improved productivity and working conditions in the shipping business. A real breakthrough came from outside the maritime sector: railway and trucking companies launched the transportation of 'vehicle-sized' loads. Malcom McLean, a trucking magnate who had acquired the Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corporation, envisaged land-sea-land services, door-to-door, with 'trailer bodies'. He equipped two of his tankers with spar decks and purchased 200 aluminum containers. On April 26, 1956 the Ideal X left the port of New York with 58 containers destined for Houston. This event triggered a revolution in maritime general cargo transport: 'containerization'. Economies of scale, enhanced transshipment, no pilferage and less damage resulted in fast and low cost transportation. Over time, containerization accelerated the growth of worldwide trade and facilitated just-in-time logistics. Nowadays containerized transport is a real utility, indispensable for a global economy. Development of Containerization shows how the container-sector coped with the challenges it was facing. Entrepreneurial spirit and technological creativity were at the core of its success. The authors uniquely combine these two elements: the general economic and transport developments are chronologically structured per decade and pivotal technological changes are described in greater detail. The text is illustrated with many pictures because 'seeing is believing'. The book is of interest to students in transportation, designers of terminals and intermodal transport systems and all those who are fascinated by the spectacular impact of containerization. © 2012 The authors and IOS Press.},
references={Alix, Y., Slack, B., Comtois, C., Alliance or Acquisition? Strategies for Growth in the Container Industry: The Case of CP Ships (1999) Journal of Transport Geography, 7, pp. 203-208; Angeloudis, P., Bell, M.G.H., A Review of Container Terminal Simulation Models (2011) Maritime Policy & Management, 38 (5), pp. 523-540; Argyriadis, D.A., (1959) Cargo Container Ships", presented to the Institution of Naval Architects, , March 25; Ashar, A., The Fourth Revolution and Transshipment Potentials for Panama Ports (2000) Proceedings TOC; Assel, K.H., Ship-to-Shore Crane Design: A Comparison (1995) Port Technology International 2nd edition, , ICG Publishing Ltd, London; Atkins, W.H., "Modern Marine Terminal: Operations and Management (1983) Port of Oakland, The Compage Company, , San Francisco, California; Baird, A.J., Analysis of Private Seaport Development: The Port of Felixstowe (1999) Transport Policy, 6 (2), pp. 109-122; Baird, A.J., Container Vessels of the Next generation: Are Seaports Ready to Face the Challenge (1999) Proceedings 21st World Ports Conference of the IAPH, , 12-21 May; Baird, A.J., Container Vessels in the New Millennium: Implications for Seaports (2001) Singapore Maritime & Port Journal, pp. 141-174; Beddow, M., (2007) Floored", Cover story on Maersk, Containerisation International, pp. 34-35. , January; Bendall, H.B., Stent, A.F., Hatchcoverless container ships: Productivity gains from a new technology (1996) Maritime Policy & Management, 23 (2), pp. 187-199; Bendall, H.B., Stent, A.F., Longhaul Feeder Services in an Era of Changing Technology: An Asia-Pacific Perspective (1999) Maritime Policy & Management, 26 (2), pp. 145-159; Bhimani, A.K., Hoite, S., Machinery Trolley Crane (1998) Proceedings Ports, 98. , Long Beach, California; Bhimani, A.K., Hsieh, J.K., Cranes to Serve Ship in the Slip Ceres Paragon terminal, Amsterdam (2001) Proceedings ASCE Conference, , Norfolk; Bhimani, A.K., Jordan, M.A., Crane Purchase Specifications: Tailor Made or Off-the-Shelf? (2001), Proceedings TOC 2001, Lisbon; Bhimani, A.K., Jordan, M.A., A Few Facts about Jumbo Cranes (2003) Proceedings TOC Americas 2003; Bird, J.H., (1971) Seaports and Seaport Terminals, , London: Hutchinson; Blagden, A., Developments in Container Handling Technology (1998) Cargo Systems Report, IIR Publications, , London; Blauwens, G., De Baere, P., van de Voorde, E., Transport Economics (2002) Antwerp: De Boeck; Boer, C.A., Saanen, Y., Controls: Emulation to Improve the Performance of Container Terminals (2008) Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation, , December 7-10, Miami, FL; Boer, P.J., Piggyback and Containers (1992) Golden West Books, , San Marino, California, ISBN 0-87095-108-4; Boevé, W., The Future of Freight Transport (2011) Publication of Europe Container Terminals BV; Bohlman, M.R., Chun, H., Lacey, H., Remote Reefer Monitoring (1983) Proceedings 3rd Terminal Operations Conference, , Amsterdam, 13th-16th June; Bos, W., van den Rijsenbrij, J.C., Design Optimization of Space Frame Structures", World Class Crane Management Seminar Europe (2002) Marriot Hotel Amsterdam, , may 27-29; Böse, J.W., Handbook of Terminal Planning (2011) Springer, New-York, , ISBN 978-1-4419-8408-1; Bouwman, T., Containers, Logistiek en Arbeid (1993) Stichting FNV Pers, , Amsterdam; British, R., Freightliner", brochure, Publicity Arts Ltd, London; Broeze, F., The Globalisation of the Oceans: Containerisation from the 1950s to the Present (2002) St. Johns, NF, Canada: International Maritime Economic History Association; Brooks, M.R., Restructuring in the Liner Shipping Industry", discussion paper (2000) Centre for International Trade and Transportation, , Dalhousie University, Halifax; Bruun, P., Port Engineering (1989) Gulf Publishing Comp, 1. , Houston, ISBN 0-87201-843-1; van den, B.G., Containerisation: A Modern Transport System (1969) Hutchinson & Co Ltd, , London; Casper, W.L., Modernization and Upgrading of Shoreside Container Cranes", Proceedings of Ports '83 (1983) Specialty Conference on Port Modernization, Upgrading and Repairs, pp. 21-23. , ASCE, New Orleans, Louisiana, March; Cheung, R.K., Tong, J.H., Slack, B., The Transition from Freight Consolidation to Logistics: The case of Hong Kong (2003) Journal of Transport Geography, 11, pp. 245-253; Clemmetsen, O.M., Cellular Container Ships (1972) Lloyd's Register of Shipping, , London; Comtois, C., The Evolution of Containerization in East Asia (1994) Maritime Policy & Management, 21, p. 3; Report on Containerisation (1967) National Joint Council on Materials Handling, , Containerisation Study Group; Cudahy, B.J., Box Boats (2006), Fordham University Press, New York, ISBN 0-8232-2578-2; Cullinane, K., Khanna, M., The Economics of Deploying Large Containerships (1997) International Conference of Maritime Economists, , International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME); Damas, P., Who's Making Money (1997) American Shipper, Editorial Supplement: Revenues and Markets, , July; Detlefsen, G.U., Schiffahrt im Bild, Containerschiffe III (2006), Verlag H.M. Hauschild, Bremen, Germany, ISBN 3-89757-345-8; Dobner, M., The Design, Application and Economics of AGVs (2001) AAPA Facilities Engineering Seminar, , November 2001, Oakland, California; Dobner, M., Rijsenbrij, J.C., Equipment Selection and Utilisation - Key Factors for Smaller Terminals (1999) AAPA Facilities Engineering Seminar, , February 3-5, Corpus Christi, Texas; van, D.K., Scheepskennis: Een Moderne Encyclopedie (2003), DOKMAR, Enkhuizen (NL), ISBN 90-806330-2-X; Donovan, A., Gibson, A., (1997), interview, 19 June, San Francisco; Donovan, A., Longshoremen and Mechanization. A Tale of Two Cities (1999) Journal for Maritime Research, 1. , December 1999; Donovan, A., Bonney, J., The Box That Changed the World", The Journal of Commerce (2006) Commonwealth Business Media, , N.J., USA, ISBN 978-1-891131-95-0; Driel, H., van Schot, J.W., Techniek in Nederland in de 20ste eeuw: Indirecte overslag en de komst van de container (2002), (PART 5), pp. 97-113. , ISBN 90-5730-068-0; Eckelmann, T., Schiffer, E., Eurogate bringt Wilhelmshaven ins Containergeschäft (2006) HANSA International Maritime Journal, 143, p. 4; (1990), ECT and GHR, (1990), "Delta 2000-8: Naar een Grootschalig Containeroverslag- en Goederendistributiecentrum op de Maasvlakte", Joint publication of Europe Combined Terminals and Rotterdam Port Authority, November; ECT, (1992), "Met het Oog op Morgen: Vijfentwintig Jaar ECT, 1967-1992", Published by ECT Corporate Communications, Rotterdam; Egyedi, T.M., The Standardised Container: Gateway Technologies in Cargo Transport (2000) Manfred Holler & Esko Niskanen, 3 (3), pp. 231-262. , EURAS Yearbook of Standardization; Ehira, H., Next Generation Supertainer Crane (1998) Seminar on Port Design and Operation Technology, , Singapore, 4-5 November; Elshof, H.L.J., Boer de, J., Ship Dimensions in 2020: A Study on the Trends in the Dimensions of Representative Ships that Could Call at Rotterdam in the Year 2020 (1998) Lloyd's Register of Shipping; Fischer, G.L., Crane Life Cycle management II: Getting the Control Specifications right (2002) Proceedings TOC Asia, Kuala Lumpur; Fossey, J., Shifting Sands (2007) Containerisation International, 40th Anniversary, pp. 35-39; Foxcroft, A., Straddling, a Tough Market (1997) Cargo Today, 3 (5); Frémont, A., Shipping Lines and Logistics (2009) Transport Reviews, 29 (4), pp. 537-554; Gardner, B., The Container Revolution and its Effect on the Structure of Traditional UK Liner Shipping Companies (1985) Maritime Policy & Management, 12 (3), pp. 195-208; Gianquinto, P.A., Trends in Containerization; Their Effects on Terminal Design (1980), ICHCA-USA Conference: "Intermodal Containerization and Marine Terminal Development", New York Gisnås; Holte, H., Rialland, E., Wergeland, T., Industry Analysis of the Container Market in the Baltic Sea Region", EU Work Package D-A1-E (2008) Activity A32-Develop Scenarios, (PART 1). , Industry Analysis, Brussels; Guy, E., Alix, Y., A Successful River Port? Container Shipping in Montreal (2007) Journal of Transport Geography, 15; Ham, J., van, C., ROTTERDAM: Still Going Strong (1991), 6 (3), pp. 10-15. , Portus; ROTTERDAM: Image de la Hollande Entreprenante, 6 (3), pp. 22-26. , Portus; Ham, J.C., van Koppenjan, J.F.M., Port Expansion and Public-Private Partnership: The Case of Rotterdam (2002) Maritime Engineering & Ports, 3. , CA Brebbia & G Sciutto (eds.), WIT Press, Southampton; van, H.J.M., Den Gutertransport im Blut: Starke Position der Niederlandischen Transporteure (2004) Neue Zürcher Zeitung (05-24-2004), Zürich; van, H.J.C., The Feasibility of Mega Container Vessels (2005) European Transport/Trasporti Europei, (25-26), pp. 89-98; Ham, J.C., van Autekie, P., Container Terminals in the Mediterranean Region (2005), Maritime heritage and modern ports, R Marcet i Barbe & CA Brebbia (eds.), WIT Press, Southampton, UK; Ham, J.C., van Duin, J.H.R., The Second Container Revolution: Assessing and Managing Risks in Port Development (2001) First International Congress on Maritime Transport, , J. Olivella, R. Rodriguez- Martos & R. Gonzalez Blanco (eds.), Grup Artyplan-Artympres, S.A Barcelona; Ham, J.C., van Kuipers, B., E-Commerce and the Container Shipping Industry (2004) Transport developments and innovations in an evolving world, , M. Beuthe & V. Himanen (eds.), Springer, Berlin; Ham, J.C., van Rijsenbrij, J.C., The Disordered Start of Containerization (2006) Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia/Museu Maritim, , Maritime Transport III, J.O. Puig, R.M.I Barbé and V.G. Carcellé (eds.); van der Ham, R.T., De Rol van Simulaties bij het Ontwerp van de ECT/Sea-Land Delta Terminal (1988) Symposium University of Technology Delft, department Transport Technology and KIVI, December 15th; Harlander, L.A., Engineering Development of a Container System for the West Coast-Hawaiian Trade (1959) Paper presented at Meeting of North. Cal. 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correspondence_address1={van Ham, H.},
publisher={Delft University Press},
isbn={9781614991465},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dev. of Contain.: Success Through Vis., Drive and Technol.},
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source={Scopus},
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@ARTICLE{DiMatteo2012309,
author={Di Matteo, L.},
title={Land and inequality in Canada 1870-1930},
journal={Scandinavian Economic History Review},
year={2012},
volume={60},
number={3},
pages={309-334},
doi={10.1080/03585522.2012.727765},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869155038&doi=10.1080%2f03585522.2012.727765&partnerID=40&md5=9e6834f6764ec0b088f79f58c399bf00},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada},
abstract={The great world economic and globalisation boom of the pre-First World War era was accompanied by great inequality in the distribution of income and wealth particularly during industrialisation, with the new world European settler economies being no exception. Canadian wealth inequality over the period 1870-1930 was also substantial and is examined using probated estates from the Eastern Judicial District of the province of Manitoba and Wentworth County, Ontario. However, wealth inequality is found to be less pronounced in frontier Manitoba relative to Ontario with higher and more dispersed rates of land ownership in the West as well as lower wealth levels and greater farm employment, as the key factors in this difference. This suggests that the farm economy of pre-First World War Canada was associated with greater equality of wealth. One of the inevitable effects of Canadian industrialisation and economic development was a rise in wealth inequality but the process of western settlement and associated free grants helped mitigate it. By extension, global economic inequality might also have been mitigated during this period by the presence of agricultural frontiers with subsidised land grants. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
author_keywords={North America;  probate records;  settlement;  wealth distribution},
keywords={economic development;  economic history;  global economy;  globalization;  income distribution;  industrialization;  landownership;  settlement history, Canada;  Manitoba;  Ontario [Canada]},
funding_details={Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, SSHRC},
funding_text 1={The author gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. As well, this paper benefited from the helpful comments of participants at the Historical Inequality and Mobility: New Perspectives in the Digital Era, University of Guelph, May 25·27, 2012 as well as the comments provided by the reviewers of this journal.},
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correspondence_address1={Di Matteo, L.; Department of Economics, , Thunder Bay, ON, Canada; email: Livio.dimatteo@lakeheadu.ca},
issn={03585522},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Scand. Econ. Hist. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ahearn20121,
author={Ahearn, R.J.},
title={Rising economic powers and the global economy: Trends and issues for congress},
journal={The Changing Global Economic Landscape: Trends and U.S.-Centric Analyses},
year={2012},
pages={1-48},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896211360&partnerID=40&md5=8888ec5592b87683c46dc17bf6381c5b},
affiliation={CRS, United States},
abstract={A small group of developing countries are transforming the global economic landscape. Led by China, India, and Brazil, these rising economic powers pose varied challenges and opportunities for US economic interests and leadership of the global economy. They also raise significant policy issues for Congress, including the future direction of US trade policy and negotiations, as well as for the multilateral economic institutions that have historically served as the foundation of an open and rules-based global economy. This report addresses ongoing shifts in global trade and finance and projected future trends resulting from the emergence of these economies. The major trends in the global economy identified and discussed in this report are: • The balance of global economic power is shifting from the United States and Europe to a number of fast-growing and large developing countries. These economies account for rising shares of global GDP, manufacturing, and trade, including a significant expansion of trade among the developing countries (South-South trade). These shifts are driven by growing economic integration and interdependence among economies, particularly through new global production and supply chains that incorporate inputs from many different countries. •Rising economic powers are becoming more important players in international finance. They have increased holdings of foreign exchange reserves, established sovereign wealth funds, borrowed capital from international capital markets, and attracted substantial foreign investment. Their multinational corporations, many state-owned, are investing assets globally and are competing with US firms for natural resources and access to other developing-country markets. •The long-standing distinction between advanced and developing countries, particularly for rising economic powers, is blurring. The advanced countries may still be the richest countries in terms of per capita income, but their economies may no longer be the largest, the fastest-growing, or the most dynamic. Rising economic powers are exerting greater influence in global trade and financial policies and in the multilateral institutions that have underpinned the global economy since World War II. These developments, in turn, have implications for US global leadership that are subject to debate. •While the impact of the rising economic powers is considered by most economists to be strongly positive for the US economy overall, not all groups of Americans have benefitted equally. Highly educated workers are seen gaining more job opportunities and higher wages than workers with less education. Issues for Congress on the international trade and finance policies raised by the changing global landscape could include: Seizing full advantage of growing markets for US manufacturers, service providers, agricultural producers, and their workers, including preparing for increased competition. •The future direction of US trade negotiations and the global trading system, as well as specific policies and issues raised by the global economy. These might include the increasing role of state-owned enterprises, access to developing country markets for services and government procurement, the future role of the dollar as the primary reserve currency, and US participation in global supply chains, among other issues. The evolution of international frameworks for financial integration, as well as multilateral and bilateral frameworks for foreign direct investment and sovereign wealth funds. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={Findlay, R., O'Rourke, K., (2007) Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, p. 512. , Princeton University Press; Ayhan Kose, M., Prasad, E.S., (2010) Emerging Markets: Resilience and Growth Amid Global Turmoil, p. 1. , Brookings Institution Press. [Hereafter cited as Brookings Institution, Emerging Markets]; (2003) Dreaming with the BRICs: The Path to 2050, , Goldman Sachs Global Economics Paper No: 99. October 1; Dardush, U., Shaw, W., (2011) Juggernaut: How Emerging Markets Are Reshaping Globalization, p. 7. , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [Hereafter cited as Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut.]; Larry Summers Exit Interview (2011) Winter, p. 8. , The International Economy; Fogel, R., China's Economy (2010) Foreign Policy, pp. 72-75. , January/February; Ten Things for India To Achieve its 2050 Potential (2008), Goldman Sachs Global Economics Paper No: 169, June 16; (2010) Perspectives on Global Development 2010: Shifting Wealth, p. 32. , OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Paris, [Hereafter referred to as OECD, Shifting Wealth.]; Shifting Wealth, p. 45. , OECD; (2011) Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, p. 3. , World Bank,. (Hereinafter cited as World Bank, Multipolarity:The New Global Economy.); The Coming Renaissance of US Manufacturing (2011), Washington Post Editorial, May 10; The Trouble With Outsourcing (2011), p. 64. , The Economist, July 30; (2011) Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia: From Trade in Goods to Trade in Tasks, p. 74. , http://www.wto.org, World Trade Organization and Japan External Trade Organization and hereinafter referred to as WTO, Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains; Shifting Wealth, p. 129. , OECD; Emerging Markets Change R&D Landscape Oxford Analytica Daily Brief, March 31, 2011. The United States remains the global leader in R & D spending ($384 billion in 2009), but China is now in third place with $123 billion in expenditures in 2009; Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, p. 3. , World Bank; Brookings Institution, Emerging Markets, p. 41; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 73; Brookings Institution, Emerging Markets, p. 43; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 65; Shifting Wealth, p. 71. , OECD; Brookings Institution, Emerging Markets, p. 46; (2010) International Monetary Fund, Directions of Trade Yearbook; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 75; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, pp. 80-81. , WTO; Spence, M., The Impact of Globalization on Income and Employment: The Downside of Integrating Markets (2011) Foreign Affairs, pp. 28-41. , July/August; A Modern Trade Policy for the European Union (2010) European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE), , EU Trade Study Group, January; Slaughter, M.J., Globalization and the US Economy: Policy Challenges and Options (2010) Congressional Research Service Seminar, , Washington, D.D. June 7; (2010) McKinsey Global Institute, , June; Spence, M., The Impact of Globalization on Income and Employment, p. 41; (2011) International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, , April; Shifting Wealth, p. 62. , OECD; Shifting Wealth, p. 81. , OECD; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 102; Shifting Wealth, p. 81. , OECD; Shifting Wealth, p. 81. , OECD; BRICs' Outward FDI Is On the Rise (2011), Oxford Analytica, March 1; Plasschaert, S., Is the Renminbi Undervalued?, European Centre for International Political Economy , p. 9. , Working Paper No. 02/2011; Shifting Wealth, p. 84. , OECD; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 7; Oakley, D., Emerging Markets Grow Internally, Expand Internationally (2011) Financial Times, , June 9; Multipolarity: The New Global Economy, p. 76. , World Bank; The 2009 BCG 100 New Global Challengers: How Companies from Rapidly Developing Countries Are Contending for Global Leadership (2009), The Boston Consulting Group, January; The New Global Challengers: How 100 Top Companies from Rapidly Developing Economies Are Changing the World (2006), The Boston Consulting Group, May; Multipolarity, p. 1. , World Bank; Hawksworth, J., Cookson, G., The World in 2050: Beyond the BRICs: A Broader Look at Emerging Market Growth Prospects, PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008), March; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 77; Cash Machines: Calls to Boost Manufacturing Ignore the Gains Still to Be Made From Services (2011), The Economist, April 2; Spence, M., Hlatshwago, S., The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and Employment (2011) Council on Foreign Relations, , March; Aldonas, G., (2009) Globalization and the American Worker, , Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C; http://ustr.gov, remarks by Ambassador Miriam Spiro at the European Policy Centre, February 10, 2011; Schwab, S., After Doha: Why the Negotiations are Doomed and What We Should Do About It (2011) Foreign Affairs, , May/June; Shifting Wealth, pp. 79+161. , OECD; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 8; The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, , See CRS Report R40502, by Ian F. Fergusson and Bruce Vaughn; Prestowitz, C., (2010) The Betrayal of American Prosperity, , Free Press; Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains, p. 94. , WTO; Pearlstein, S., How Overseas Profit Holds Back US Success (2011) Washington Post, , June 13; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 92; Vernon, N., Financial Newcomers Will Have Global Impact Bruegel, , September 2010; Multipolarity, p. 104. , World Bank; Truman, E.M., Sovereign Wealth Funds: Is Asia Different? (2011) Peterson Institute for International Economics, , WP-11, June; Shifting Wealth, p. 142. , OECD; Grant, J., We spent our way to a debt crisis with a faith-based dollar: time to reverse course (2011) Washington Post, , July 10; Richburg, K.B., A New Economic World Order , pp. A17. , April 15, 2011, Washington Post; Kroeber, A., The Chinese Yuan Grows Up - Slowly (2011) New America Foundation, , March 18; Plasschaert, S., Is the Renminbi Undervalued,? , p. 11; Kroeber, A., The Chinese Yuan Grows Up - Slowly , p. 4; Irwin, N., US Pushed Strong Dollar Without Flexing Its Muscle Washington Post, p. 201. , May 6; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 198; Multipolarity, pp. 152-153. , World Bank; Wessel, D., Fund Falls Behind in Global Changes (2011) Wall Street Journal, , May 19; Carnegie Endowment, Juggernaut, p. 114; , pp. 18-19. , CRS Report R40977},
correspondence_address1={Ahearn, R.J.; CRSUnited States},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781620818220},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Changing Global Econ. Landsc.: Trends and U.S.-Centric Anal.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huff20121431,
author={Huff, G.},
title={Export-led Growth, Gateway Cities and Urban Systems Development in Pre-World War II Southeast Asia},
journal={Journal of Development Studies},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={10},
pages={1431-1452},
doi={10.1080/00220388.2012.693171},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868675278&doi=10.1080%2f00220388.2012.693171&partnerID=40&md5=cd9aa1b3297c5b735c4da7ed93bc0397},
affiliation={Pembroke College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1DW, United Kingdom},
abstract={Between the 1870s and World War II, falls in world shipping costs and Western industrialisation gave rise to export-led Southeast Asian growth and specialisation in a narrow range of primary commodity exports. A linked development was the emergence of a few dominant Southeast Asian urban centres, typically primate and always ports. Drawing on historical census data, this article uses rank-size distributions and transition matrices to investigate the influence of commodity specialisation and exports on urban systems development in the region. It is argued that different commodities produced different spread effects, resulting in variation in degrees of urban concentration in the region. However, geography, path dependence and infrastructure also shaped urban systems development. The main cities that emerged during this period became the 'gateways' that connected frontier Southeast Asia to the global economy. Cities dominant in 1939 retain this status in today's Southeast Asia. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords={commodity market;  economic growth;  export;  global economy;  industrialization;  international trade;  urban area;  urban economy, Southeast Asia, Primates},
funding_details={Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic and Social Research Council, ESRC, ES/G005389/1},
funding_details={British AcademyBritish Academy},
funding_text 1={Thanks are due to Luis Angeles, Campbell Leith, Jack Parr, David Weiman, two anonymous referees and the journal editors, for extensive and detailed comments on earlier versions of this paper. Thanks also go to Mike Shand who drew the maps. Research was carried under the auspices of ESRC grant RES-062-23-1392 and a grant from the Southeast Asia Research Committee, British Academy, both of which are gratefully acknowledged.},
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Rangoon, Rangoon,: Government Printing and Stationery, Burma; Cheng, S.-H., (1968) The Rice Industry of Burma 1852-1940, , Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur,: University of Malaya Press; Christian, J.L., (1945) Burma, , London, London,: Collins; Cronon, W., (1991) Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West, , New York, New York,: W.W. Norton; Davis, D.R., Weinstein, D.E., Bones, bombs, and break points: the geography of economic activity (2002) American Economic Review, 95 (2), pp. 1269-1289; Dick, H.W., (2002) Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000, , Athens, Athens,: Ohio University Press; Dobby, E.H.G., (1966) Southeast Asia,, , 9th edn., London, London,: University of London Press; Doeppers, D.F., (1984) Manila 1900-1941: Social Change in a Late Colonial Metropolis, , Manila, Manila,: Manila University Press; (1935) Fifty Years of Railways in Malaya 1885-1935, , Federated Malay States Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur,: Federated Malay States Railways; Fisher, C.A., Economic myth and geographical reality in Indonesia (1967) Modern Asian Studies, 1, pp. 155-189; Fujita, M., Mori, T., The role of ports in the making of major cities: self-agglomeration and the hub-effect (1996) Journal of Development Economics, 49, pp. 93-120; Fujita, M., Thisse, J.-F., Economics of agglomeration (1996) Journal of Japanese and International Economics, 10, pp. 339-378; Granger, C.W.J., Newbold, P., Spurious regression in econometrics (1974) Journal of Econometrics, 2, pp. 111-120; Grant, J.W., (1932) The Rice Crop in Burma, , Rangoon, Rangoon,: Government Printing and Stationery; Gullick, J.M., The entrepreneur in late 19th century Malay peasant society (1985) Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 58, pp. 59-70; Huff, G., (1994) The Economic Growth of Singapore, , Cambridge, Cambridge,: Cambridge University Press; Huff, G., Gateway cities and urbanisation in Southeast Asia before World War II, (96). , Oxford University Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History; Huff, G., Angeles, L., Globalization, industrialization and urbanization in pre-World War II Southeast Asia (2011) Explorations in Economic History, 48 (1), pp. 20-36; (1939) British Shipping in the Orient, , Imperial Shipping Committee, London, London,: HMSO; (1933) Volkstelling [Population census] 1930, 8. , Indonesia, Batavia, Batavia,: Departement van Landbouw, Nijverheid en Handel; Johnston, D.B., Rice cultivation in Thailand: the development of an export economy by indigenous capital and labor (1981) Modern Asian Studies, 15, pp. 107-126; Knowles, L.C.A., (1928) The Economic Development of the British Overseas Empire, , London, London,: George Routledge & Sons; Krugman, P., Increasing returns and economic geography (1991) Journal of Political Economy, 98 (3), pp. 483-499; Krugman, P., First nature, second nature and metropolitan location (1993) Journal of Regional Science, 33 (2), pp. 129-144; Krugman, P., Elizondo, R.L., Trade policy and the third world metropolis (1996) Journal of Development Economics, 49, pp. 137-150; Larkin, J.A., (1993) Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society, , Berkeley, Berkeley,: University of California Press; Lotka, A.J., The law of urban concentration (1941) Science, 94, p. 164; McGee, T.G., (1967) The Southeast Asian City, , London, London,: G. Bell and Sons; Marshall, J., (1995) To Have and Have Not: Southeast Asian Raw Materials and the Origins of the Pacific War, , Berkeley, Berkeley,: University of California Press; Meyer, D.R., A dynamic model of the integration of frontier urban places into the United States system of cities (1980) Economic Geography, 56 (1), pp. 120-140; Mohammed, S.I.S., Williamson, J.G., Freight rates and productivity gains in British tramp shipping 1869-1950 NBER Working Paper 9531; Murphey, R., New capitals of Asia (1957) Economic Development and Cultural Change, 5, pp. 216-243; (1943) Indo-China, , Naval Intelligence Division, London, London,: Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty; (1944) Netherlands East Indies, 2. , Naval Intelligence Division, London, London,: Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty; Nurkse, R., (1959) Patterns of Trade and Development, , Stockholm, Stockholm,: Almqvist and Wicksell; Papin, P., (2001) Histoire de Hanoi, , Paris, Paris,: Fayard; Parr, J.B., A class of deviations from rank-size regularity: three interpretations (1976) Regional Studies, 10, pp. 285-292; Parr, J.B., A note on the size distribution of cities over time (1985) Journal of Urban Economics, 18, pp. 199-212; Reid, A., (1993) Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, Vol. 2: Expansion and Crisis, , New Haven, CT, New Haven, CT,: Yale University Press; Rigg, J., The World Development Report 2009 'reshapes economic geography': geographical reflections (2009) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34 (2), pp. 128-136; Robertson, C.J., The rice export trade from Burma, Siam and French Indo-China (1936) Pacific Affairs, 9 (2), pp. 243-253; Skinner, G.W., (1957) Chinese Society in Thailand, , Ithaca, NY, Ithaca, NY,: Cornell University Press; Skinner, G.W., (1958) Leadership and Power in the Chinese Community of Thailand, , Ithaca, NY, Ithaca, NY,: Cornell University Press; Skinner, G.W., Regional urbanization in nineteenth-century China (1977) The City in Late Imperial China, pp. 211-249. , In: Skinner G. W., editors Stanford, CA, Stanford, CA,: Stanford University Press; Smith, C.A., Modern and premodern urban primacy (1982) Comparative Urban Research, 11, pp. 79-96; Smith, C.A., Types of city-size distribution: a comparative analysis (1990) Urbanization in History, pp. 43-60. , In: de Woude A. van, Hayami A., de Vries J., editors Oxford, Oxford,: Clarendon Press; Smolski, T., Les statistiques de la population Indochinoise (1937) Actes du Congrès International de la Population, Paris 1937, 6, pp. 56-67; Spate, O.H.K., Beginnings of industrialization in Burma (1941) Economic Geography, 17 (1), pp. 75-92; Spate, O.H.K., Trueblood, L.W., Rangoon: a study in urban geography (1942) Geographical Review, 32 (1), pp. 56-73; Spencer, J.E., The cities of the Philippines (1958) Journal of Geography, 57, pp. 288-294; Steinberg, J.D., (1971) In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History, , London, London,: Pall Mall Press; Sternstein, L., The growth of the population of the world's pre-eminent 'primate city': Bangkok at its bicentenary (1984) Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 15 (1), pp. 43-68; (1932) Straits Settlements Legislative Council Proceedings 1932, , Report of the Customs Duties Committee, 1932 Straits Settlements. Singapore, Singapore,: Government Printing Office; (1934) Report of the Commission to Enquire into and Report on the Trade of the Colony, 5. , Straits Settlements. Singapore, Singapore,: Government Printing Office; Sundrum, R.M., Urbanisation: the Burmese experience (1957) Journal of the Burma Research Society, 40 (1), pp. 105-127; Tun Wai, U., (1962) Burma's Currency and Credit, , Bombay, Bombay,: Orient Longmans; Ullman, E.L., Trade centers and tributary areas of the Philippines (1960) Geographical Review, 50 (2), pp. 203-218; Vance, J.E., (1970) The Merchant's World: The Geography of Wholesaling, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,: Prentice Hall; Vo, N.M., (2011) Saigon: A History, , Jefferson, MO, Jefferson, MO,: McFarland; Vries, J.d., (1984) European Urbanization 1500-1800, , Cambridge, MA, Cambridge, MA,: Harvard University Press; Weiman, D.F., Urban growth on the periphery of the antebellum cotton south: Atlanta, 1847-1860 (1988) Journal of Economic History, 48 (2), pp. 259-272; Weiman, D.F., From old south to new: metropolitan and regional development in the lower south, 1860-1920 (1995) The Changing American Countryside: Past, Present, and Future, pp. 37-51. , In: Castle E., Baldwin B., editors Corvallis, OR, Corvallis, OR,: Western Rural Development Center; Wernstedt, F.L., Cebu: focus of Philippine interisland trade (1956) Economic Geography, 32 (4), pp. 336-346; Wickizer, V.D., Bennett, M.K., (1941) The Rice Economy of Monsoon Asia, , Stanford, Stanford,: Food Research Institute; Wong, K.-C., (1999) The Chinese in the Philippine Economy 1898-1941, , Manila, Manila,: Manila University Press; (2009) World Development Report: Reshaping Economic Geography, , World Bank, Washington, DC, Washington, DC,: World Bank; Zimmerman, C.C., (1931) Siam Rural Economic Survey, , Bangkok, Bangkok,: Bangkok Times Press; Zipf, G.K., (1949) Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort, , Cambridge, Cambridge,: Addison Wesley},
correspondence_address1={Huff, G.; Pembroke College, , Oxford OX1 1DW, United Kingdom; email: gregg.huff@pmb.ox.ac.uk},
issn={00220388},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Dev. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kasuya2012,
author={Kasuya, M.},
title={The Activities of Japanese Banks in Interwar Financial Centres: The Cases of the Yokohama Specie Bank's Offices in London and New York},
journal={The Origins of International Banking in Asia: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries},
year={2012},
doi={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646326.003.0010},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919740593&doi=10.1093%2facprof%3aoso%2f9780199646326.003.0010&partnerID=40&md5=fd0294e107c033bd6f49fd984709a817},
affiliation={Tokyo University, Japan},
abstract={The activities of YSB in the inter-war years are explored in this chapter. It compares and contrasts the position before and after the First World War through a careful examination of the flows of credit within the YSB's branch network. As a result of the First World War YSB switched from relying upon London as the centre of its international financial flows to an increasing use of New York. However, both London and New York remained crucial not only for their external links but also the finance of inter-Asian trade. This created serious problems in the 1930s with the international financial instability. Compounding this in the later 1930s was the growing political problems that made it difficult for YSB to access either the London and New York money markets. Instead, it turned inwards, focussing its activities on those areas of Asia under Japanese control. What is revealing is the disintegration of the global economy beginning with the First World War, and its replacement with national spheres of influence. © Natalie Pollard 2012. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={1930s;  First world war;  Inter-Asian trade;  London;  New york},
correspondence_address1={Kasuya, M.; Tokyo UniversityJapan},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780191745256; 9780199646326},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Orig. of Int. Bank. in Asia: The Ninet. and Twent. Centuries},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Davies2012,
author={Davies, E.J., II},
title={The Americas, 1450-2000},
journal={The Oxford Handbook of World History},
year={2012},
doi={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0029},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923796690&doi=10.1093%2foxfordhb%2f9780199235810.013.0029&partnerID=40&md5=e650625098fac09c2eaaa77a63fcd998},
affiliation={University of Utah, United States},
abstract={This article discusses the history of the Americas from 1450 to 2000. It describes the Americas before European contact; disease and death brought by the European arrival in 1492 due to new bacteria and viruses they carried; conquest, colonization, and settlement by the Europeans; the building of transatlantic economies; revolutions in the Americas from 1760 to 1830; revolutions and new republics that were formed; the rise of industrial economies in the Americas; migration and labor demands; the Great Depression and World War II; the global cold war from 1941 to 2000teh global economy; and globalization in the late twentieth century. © Oxford University Press, 2014.},
author_keywords={Americas;  Colonization;  Europeans;  Globalization;  Great Depression;  Industrial economy;  North America;  Transatlantic economy;  World War II},
references={Adelman, J., (1994) Frontier Development: Land, Labor, and Capital on the Wheatlands Of Argentina and Canada, 1880-1914, , New York: Oxford University Press; Ayala, C.J., (1999) American Sugar Kingdom: The Plantation Economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898-1934, , Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press; Elliot, J.H., (2006) Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Hart, J.M., (2002) Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Herring, G., (2008) From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776, , New York: Oxford University Press; Joseph, G., Spenser, D., (2008) In from the Cold: Latin America's Encounter with the Cold War, , Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; Josephy, A.M., Jr., (1994) 500 Nations: An Illustrated History of North American Indians, , New York: Alfred A. Knopf; Nugent, W., (1992) Crossings: The Great Transatlantic Migrations, 1870-1914, , Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press; O'brien, T., (1999) The Century of U.$. Capitalism in Latin America, , Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press; O'brien, T.F., (1996) The Revolutionary Mission: American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900-1945, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Rodriguez, O., Jaime, E., (1998) The Independence of Spanish America, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Watts, S., (1999) Epidemics and History: Disease, Power and Imperialism, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Weaver, F.S., (2000) Latin America in the World Economy, , Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press},
correspondence_address1={Davies, E.J.; University of UtahUnited States},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780191744051; 9780199235810},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Oxf. Handb. of World Hist.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss201223,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={International monetary fund: Background and issues for congress},
journal={International Economic Cooperation: Institutions, Funds, and Banks},
year={2012},
pages={23-48},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896567627&partnerID=40&md5=aec436174b63e8d8d7f50d042092c3e9},
abstract={The International Monetary Fund (IMF), conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in July 1944, is the multilateral organization focused on the international monetary system. Created in 1946 with 46 members, it has grown to include 187 countries. The IMF has six purposes that are outlined in Article I of the IMF Articles of Agreement: promoting international monetary cooperation; expanding the balanced growth of international trade; facilitating exchange rate stability; eliminating restrictions on the international flow of capital; ensuring confidence by making the general resources of the Fund temporarily available to members; and adjusting balance-of-payments imbalances in an orderly manner. Congressional interest in IMF activities has increased since the onset of the financial crisis in 2008. IMF lending has surged in recent years, particularly in light of large recent loans to Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In 2009, major economies agreed to substantially increase the IMF's resources and to move forward on several major reforms at the institution. These include increasing the voting share of emerging economies; revamping the IMF's lending toolkit to introduce greater flexibility and create new facilities for low-income countries, and creating a road map for resolving the fast-growing economic imbalances in the global economy between surplus and deficit countries. In late 2010, IMF members agreed to a doubling of IMF quotas, which would require congressional authorization and appropriations. The United States was instrumental in creating the IMF and is its largest financial contributor, providing 17.72% of total IMF resources. Since voting shares are based on financial contributions, the large U.S. voting share provides the United States veto power over major decisions at the IMF. Both the IMF and its sister organization, the World Bank, are headquartered in Washington, DC. At the Bretton Woods conference, the IMF was tasked with coordinating the system of fixed exchange rates to help the international economy recover from two world wars and the instability in the interwar period caused by competitive devaluations and protectionist trade policies. From 1946 until 1973, the IMF managed the "par value adjustable peg system. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce, and all other member countries' currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. This system of fixed rates ended in 1973 when the United States removed itself from the gold standard. The IMF has evolved significantly as an institution since it was created. Floating exchange rates and more open capital markets in the 1990s created a new role for the IMF-the resolution of frequent and volatile international financial crises. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and subsequent crises in Russia and Latin America revealed many weaknesses of the world monetary system, which have only become more apparent in the wake of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and the more recent sovereign debt crises in Europe. This report evaluates the purpose, membership, financing, and focus of the IMF's activities. It also discusses the role of Congress in shaping U.S. policy at the IMF and concludes by addressing key issues, both legislative and oversight-related, that Congress may wish to consider, including: the role of the IMF as a lender of last resort; the adequacy of IMF resources; and the effectiveness of IMF surveillance. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress CRS Report R40977, by Rebecca M. Nelson; IMF Members' Quotas and Voting Power http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx, International Monetary Fund, and "IMF Board of Governors, available at; Stone, R.W., Controlling Institutions: International Organizations and the Global Economy (2011), New York: Cambridge University Press; Rieffel, L., Restructuring Sovereign Debt: The Case for Ad-Hoc Machinery (2003), Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC; Beattie, A., IMF Warned over fresh Greek Loan (2011) Financial Times, , July 8; Thacker, S., The High Politics of IMF Lending (1999) World Politics, 52, pp. 38-75; Drehar, A., Sturm, J.-E., Vreeland, J.R., Global Horse Trading: IMF Loans for Votes in the United Nations Security Council (2009) European Economic Review, 53, pp. 742-757; Murphy, D., $3 billion loan with almost zero interest? No thanks, says Egypt. Why? Well it was coming from the IMF (2011) Christian Science Monitor, , June 28; Wroughton, L., Aneez, S., IMF Defends Sri Lanka Loan Amid Human Rights Worries (2008) Reuters, , July 27; Przeworski, A., Vreeland, J., The effect of IMF programs on economic growth (2000) Journal of Development Economics, 62; Jeanne, O., Dealing with Volatile Capital Flows, Peterson Institute for International Economics (2010), Working Paper PB10-180, Washington, DC, July; The Global Financial Crisis: The Role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) CRS Report RS22976, by Martin A. Weiss; International Monetary Fund (2011), Fact Sheet: IMF Lending, March 30; Frequently Asked Questions about IMF Involvement in the Eurozone Debt Crisis For more information, see CRS Report R41239, coordinated by Rebecca M. Nelson, p. 22; Bhide, A., Phelps, E., More Harm Than Good: How the IMF's Business Model Sabotages Properly Functioning Capitalism (2011) Newsweek, , July 11; Truman, E., On What Terms is the IMF Worth Funding?, Peterson Institute for International Economics (2008), WP 0811, Washington, DC, December; Eichengreen, B., Out-of-the-Box Thoughts on the International Financial System, International Monetary Fund (2009), Working Paper no. 09-116, Washington, DC, May; Federal Reserve: Lender of Last Resort Functions In a national economy, this function is typically provided by the central bank. See CRS Report RS21986, by Marc Labonte; Obstfeld, M., Expanding Gross Asset Positions in the International Monetary System, remarks at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City symposium on "Macroeconomic Challenges: The Decade Ahead" (2010), Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 26-28; Obstfeld, M., Shambaugh, J.C., Taylor, A.M., Financial Instability, Reserves, and Central Bank Swap Lines in the Panic of 2008 (2009), National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 14826, March; Fernandez-Arias, E., Yeyati, E.L., Global Financial Safety Nets: Where Do We Go from Here? (2010), Inter-American Development Bank, IDB Working Paper 231, November; Truman, E., The IMF as International Lender of Last Resort, Peterson Institute for International Economics (2010), Real Time Economic Issues Watch, October 12; The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress CRS Report R40578, by Jonathan E. Sanford and Martin A. Weiss; International Monetary Fund: Reforming Country Representation CRS Report RL33626, by Martin A. Weiss; Truman, E., IMF Governance Reform: A "Pretty Good Step in the Right Direction (2010), Peterson Institute for International Economics, November 8; Factsheet: IMF Quotas (2011), International Monetary Fund, March 3; Federal Credit Reform: Implementation of the Changed Budgetary Treatment of Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees CRS Report RL30346, by James M. Bickley; FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations CRS Report R40531, coordinated by Stephen Daggett and Susan B. Epstein},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, M.A.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781620818428},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Economic Coop.: Inst., Funds, and Banks},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss201249,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={International monetary fund: Selecting a managing director},
journal={International Economic Cooperation: Institutions, Funds, and Banks},
year={2012},
pages={49-60},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896555760&partnerID=40&md5=ed76e394c255717b3c8db01d6907bcce},
abstract={On May 14, 2011, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was arrested at John F. Kennedy Airport and charged with the attempted rape, criminal sexual assault, and unlawful imprisonment of a maid at the New York City Sofitel hotel. He resigned on May 18, 2011. Mr. Strauss-Kahn's arrest and resignation come at a challenging time for the IMF, which he had led since 2007. Under his leadership, the IMF reasserted its role as the premier international organization for international economic corporation. In the wake of the financial crisis, Mr. Strauss-Kahn persuaded countries to substantially increase their funding to the IMF, enabling the Fund to sharply increase its financial support to troubled economies and its capacity to monitor global economic risks. He also brokered agreement between developing and advanced economies on a wide range of issues, including reform of IMF quotas that will increase the voting share of emerging economies; revamping the IMF's lending tool-kit to introduce greater flexibility and create new facilities for low-income countries; and placed the IMF at the center of G-20 efforts to increase multilateral surveillance by looking at the external implications of the domestic economic policies of several systemically important countries. The resignation has put the selection of Fund leadership back into the spotlight. Controversy focuses on whether a transatlantic "gentlemen's agreement reserving the IMF leadership for a European and the World Bank leadership for a U.S. citizen is adequate for the current global economy. Proposals for a more open, transparent, and merit-based leadership selection process have been made consistently in the past, and at times have been incorporated in communiqués of various leaders summits, but have yet to change the outcome at either of the institutions. Although Congress can pass legislation directing the U.S. representatives at the IMF or hold oversight hearings, there is no congressional involvement in the selection of Fund management. U.S. participation in the IMF is authorized by the Bretton Woods Agreement Act of 1945. The Act delegates to the President ultimate authority under U.S. law to direct U.S. policy and instruct the U.S. representatives at the IMF. The President, in turn, has generally delegated authority to the Secretary of the Treasury. The largest shareholder of the IMF, United States has a 16.8% voting share. The formal requirements for the selection of the IMF Managing Director is that the Executive Directors appoint, by at least a 50% majority, an individual who is neither a member of the Board of Governors or Board of Executive Directors. There are no requirements on how individuals are selected, on what criteria, or by what process they are vetted. Moreover, although the IMF Executive Directors may select its Managing Director by a simple majority vote, they historically aim to reach agreement by consensus. With these factors combined, the convention guaranteeing European leadership at the IMF and American leadership at the World Bank has remained in place. The European-U.S. arrangement on the leadership positions at the IMF and World Bank has created resentment in many developing and emerging economies. Critics of the current selection process make two general arguments. First, the gentlemen's agreement on IMF and World Bank leadership is a relic of a post-war transatlantic global economy that no longer exists. Second, the IMF and the World Bank aim to be leaders in promoting transparency and good governance practices, which hardly justify the political horse-trading that have dominated past selections. At the same time, European officials and some commentators argue that given the intense IMF involvement in managing the crisis in the peripheral European economies and securing the future of the European Monetary Union, a European leader is needed to maintain the Fund's prominence and legitimacy. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={Baker, A., Erlanger, S., I.M.F. Chief, Apprehended at Airport, Is Accused of Sexual Attack (2011) The New York Times, , May 14; Beattie, A., Europe pushes for IMF job (2011) Financial Times, , May 20; Mullany, G., I.M.F. Chief Quits in Wake of Charges of Sexual Attack The New York Times, , May 19; Baum, G., Willsher, K., Lanky Lipsky steps into breach as IMF quakes (2011) The Sydney Morning Herald, , May 7; Immunities Accorded to Foreign Diplomats, Consular Officers, and Employees of International Organizations Under U.S. Law For an overview of immunities available under U.S. law, see CRS Report RL33147, by Michael John Garcia; IMF: Immunity Not Applicable' To Strauss-Kahn Case (2011) Dow Jones, , May 17; Sheridan, M.B., IMF chief will not get diplomatic immunity, State Dept. says (2011) Washington Post, , May 17; The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress CRS Report R40578, by Jonathan E. Sanford and Martin A. Weiss; Reis, A., Neuger, J.G., EU Finance Ministers Approve 78 Billion-Euro Portugal Bailout (2011) Bloomberg, , May 16; Goldfarb, Z.A., Dennis, B., Arrest of IMF chief raises questions about organization's leadership amid European debt crisis (2011) The Washington Post, , May 15; Frequently Asked Questions about IMF Involvement in the Eurozone Debt Crisis CRS Report R41239, coordinated by Rebecca M. Nelson, and CRS Report R40578, The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress, by Jonathan E. Sanford and Martin A. Weiss; IMF chief case damning': US senator (2011), Agence France Press, May 17; Farrell, G., Illinois Senator Kirk Wants Dominique Strauss-Kahn to Resign IMF Position (2011) Bloomberg, , May 17; Crittendon, M.R., US Sen Johanns: Congress Should Consider Hearings On IMF Upheaval (2011) Dow Jones, , May 17; Kahler, M., Leadership Selection in the Major Multilateral (2001), Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; Peretz, D., The Process for Selecting and Appointing the Managing Director and First Managing Director of the IMF (2008), Independent Evaluation Office of the International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, March; Strengthening the International Monetary System: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead (2011), International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, March 23; Lin, J.Y., A Global Economy with Multiple Growth Poles (2010) World Bank, , October; Barr, C., Crisis shoves IMF into real world (2011) Fortune, , May 16; IMF Executive Board Moves Ahead With Process of Selecting the Fund's Next Managing Director (2007), IMF Press Release No. 07/159, July 12; Leaders' Statement: The Pittsburgh Summit (2009), G20, September 24-25; The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress CRS Report R40977, by Rebecca M. Nelson; Geithner: Strauss-Kahn not in position to run IMF (2011), Associated Press, May 17; White, B., With IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn behind bars, bailouts are iffy (2011) Politico, , May 18; Rushe, D., IMF board split on how to react to Dominique Strauss-Kahn detention (2011) Guardian, , May 18; Rastello, S., Strauss-Kahn Case Bolsters Push for Change in IMF Selection (2011) Bloomberg, , May 16; Moulson, G., Merkel presses for quick decision on IMF boss (2011), The Associated Press, May 19; Munchau, W., The IMF Needs Another European Head (2011) Financial Times, , May 16; Truman, E., The Future of the IMF, Peterson Institute for International Economics (2011), May 16; Subramanian, A., Véron, N., A Quick Guide to the Upcoming Contest for the Next MD of the IMF (2011), For example, Peterson Institute for International Economics, May 17},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, M.A.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781620818428},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Economic Coop.: Inst., Funds, and Banks},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pryke2012281,
author={Pryke, S.},
title={Economic Nationalism: Theory, History and Prospects},
journal={Global Policy},
year={2012},
volume={3},
number={3},
pages={281-291},
doi={10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00146.x},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878116691&doi=10.1111%2fj.1758-5899.2011.00146.x&partnerID=40&md5=e7a6e4ce1f255aeb12b8d14a5af878d3},
affiliation={Wolverhampton University, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article makes both a theoretical and empirical contribution to understanding economic nationalism. It does this first through providing an appropriate definition of the term. Taking issue with the generalised remit of economic nationalism in recent writings, it suggests that it consists of practices to create, bolster and protect national economies in the context of world markets. Taking this definition, the subsequent history section identifies economic nationalism's rise in the late 19th century, the impetus of crisis after 1929 and its institutionalisation after 1945. Simultaneously, the accelerating growth of world markets through greater exports undermined the reality of national economies. This takes us to the period after the financial crash of 2008. In its aftermath, commentators warned of a resurgence of economic nationalism, that is, protectionism. Some states did increase tariff levels but this has not led to a generalised increase in barriers to trade in the pursuit of national economies for interrelated reasons: (1) the integration and therefore interdependency of economies; (2) the complexity of the global economy, making it all but impossible to separate by nationality; (3) the greater extensity of world markets compared to the mid-20th century; (4) the redundancy of the various models of economic nationalism. Policy Implications: • Economic nationalism should be understood as a set of practices to create, bolster and protect national economies in the context of world markets. The rise and institutionalisation of economic nationalism in the 20th century was a product of economic crisis, nationalist movements and enlarged states. • There has been no 'return of economic nationalism' as in a generalised rise in protective barriers to trade since the financial crash of 2011. Unlike the 1930s, sovereign debt has not motivated states to withdraw from global markets. • The integration, complexity and extensity of the world's economy mean that a reversal of trade as great as during the interwar period would entail an economic Armageddon. Whatever future ructions the world's economy experiences due, above all, to chronic levels of sovereign debt, policy makers should be mindful of this reality. • Simultaneously, they should be aware that ongoing instability may entail greater economic nationalism. The key lesson from the period after the Second World War is relevant now at a more overtly global level: the importance of planning, regulation and respect for models of economic diversity to further global trade. This article makes both a theoretical and empirical contribution to understanding economic nationalism, defined as practices to create and protect national economies. Despite economic nationalism's rise in the late nineteenth century and its institutionalisation after 1945, the post war growth of world markets increasingly undermined the reality of national economies. Although commentators warned of a resurgence of economic nationalism in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crash, we have not seen generalised protectionism for interrelated reasons: the interdependency of economies; the complexity of the global economy, the greater extensity of world markets compared to the mid twentieth century; the redundancy of various theoretical models. © 2012 London School of Economics and Political Science and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
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correspondence_address1={Pryke, S.; Wolverhampton UniversityUnited Kingdom},
issn={17585880},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sellers2012401,
author={Sellers, C. and Melling, J.},
title={Towards a transnational industrial-hazard history: Charting the circulation of workplace dangers, debates and expertise},
journal={British Journal for the History of Science},
year={2012},
volume={45},
number={3},
pages={401-424},
doi={10.1017/S0007087412000374},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870161295&doi=10.1017%2fS0007087412000374&partnerID=40&md5=a64529320134ec7bfed0373adf989483},
affiliation={Department of History, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4348, United States; Department of History, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom},
abstract={We argue that industrial hazards have remained an integral feature of the international and 'global' economy since the early modern period, and invite historians of science into the study of their history. The growth and dissemination of knowledge about these hazards, as well as the production and trade that generate them, continue to generate deep inequalities in just who is exposed to them, as illustrated by the shifting impact of the asbestos-related disease plague in the past half-century. Exposure levels in poorer countries have risen as those in affluent societies have fallen, the latter due as much to popular protest and media exposure as to scientific expertise. We suggest that the best way to understand the formation of knowledge about these hazards is not to return to the epistemological battlegrounds of the 'science wars' of the 1990s but to seek more interdisciplinary integration of the multifaceted ways that material bodies, environments and interests contribute to an understanding of such hazards and injuries. We propose the framework of 'industrial-hazard regimes' as an avenue into the ways in which knowledge about risks and dangers at work are created, translated and contested in different countries and times. While urging a return, in some respects, to the early models of 'progressive enlightenment' devised by radical commentators and pioneering historians of the industrial hazard in the early twentieth century, we would revise these early approaches, and also offer some sceptical commentary on the difficulties raised, more recently, by narratives of 'heroic populism' or 'anti-science epidemiology'. The critical standpoints for which we argue recognize the diverse social and political identities and loyalties not only of past contributors to the controversies on industrial hazard, but also of historians of science and medicine themselves. © 2012 British Society for the History of Science.},
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correspondence_address1={Sellers, C.; Department of History, , Stony Brook, NY 11794-4348, United States; email: christopher.sellers@sunysb.edu},
issn={00070874},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Br. J. Hist. Sci.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tobin2012485,
author={Tobin, K.},
title={Control of Teacher Certification in the United States},
journal={Peabody Journal of Education},
year={2012},
volume={87},
number={4},
pages={485-499},
doi={10.1080/0161956X.2012.705150},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865097053&doi=10.1080%2f0161956X.2012.705150&partnerID=40&md5=324316243c64541b33b3a3e9b6407374},
affiliation={Marywood University, 2300 Adams Avenue, Scranton, PA 18509, United States},
abstract={Teacher certification trends in the United States since World War II paint a complicated picture of powerful interests at different levels making demands and trying to institute disparate reforms. These patterns have varied over time, often because of teacher supply and demand. The federal government initiated its involvement when education professionals' competence came under attack in the years following the launch of Sputnik. The tensions over the size and scope of state and federal control that characterize many areas of American policy are crucial in education. The current policy environment in the United States involves several seemingly contradictory components and adversarial actors. As the United States attempts to reform its education system in response to the ever-increasing demands of participation in the global economy, control of teacher preparation and certification will continue to have to respond to multiple stakeholders. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
funding_details={U.S. Department of EducationU.S. Department of Education},
funding_text 1={In addition to the government funding set aside for the development of specific programs, a discretionary grant from the U.S. Department of Education in 2003 established the National Center for Alternative Certification, a nonprofit national clearinghouse for information about alternative routes to certification in the United States; it collects and analyzes data about alternative certification programs and provides technical assistance and outreach to states (National Center for Alternative Certification, 2008). The federal government continues to demonstrate its support by setting aside funding for these programs, which provide candidates with alternate routes to the classroom. Title II of the No Child Left Behind Act allocates funds for this purpose: “This year the Transition to Teaching program will allocate nearly $42 million to states, school districts and nonprofit groups to help thousands of outstanding candidates enter teaching through alternate routes to traditional teacher preparation programs,” including Troops to Teachers (U.S. Department of Education, 2008).},
references={Angrist, J., Guryan, J., Does teacher testing raise teacher quality? (2008) Economics of Education Review, 27, pp. 483-503; Angus, D., (2001) Professionalism and the public good: A brief history of teacher certification, , Washington, DC: The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation; Bales, B., Teacher education policies in the United States: The accountability shift since 1980 (2006) Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, pp. 395-407; Ballou, D., Teacher pay and teacher quality: Evidence from policy initiatives of the 1980s (1997) Policy Options, pp. 50-54. , July/August; Ballou, D., Certifying accomplished teachers: A critical look at the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (2003) Peabody Journal of Education, 78, pp. 201-219; Bascia, N., (2003) Triage or tapestry? 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High school teacher certification status and student achievement (2000) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 22, pp. 129-145; Goodnough, A., Regents create a new path to teaching (2000) The New York Times, , http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/15/nyregion/regents-create-a-new-path-to-teaching.html, July 2, Retrieved from; Grissmer, D., (2000) Factors in teacher supply and demand, , http://formative.pearsonassessments.com/hai/images/NES_Publications/2000_04Grissmer_427_1.pdf, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Retrieved from; Grossman, P., Learning to teach without teacher education (1989) Teachers College Record, 91, pp. 191-208; Guthrie, J., The evolving political economy of education and the implications for educational evaluation (1990) Educational Review, 42, pp. 97-109; Hanushek, E., Kain, J., Rivkin, S., (1999) Do higher salaries buy better teachers?, , New York, NY: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, January; Hanushek, E., Rivkin, S., Pay, working conditions, and teacher quality (2007) Future of Children, 17, pp. 69-86; Hitz, R., Can the teaching profession be trusted? 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An ETS Policy Information Report, , http://www.ets.org/Media/Education_Topics/pdf/prepteach.pdf, Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service Retrieved from; Zeichner, K.M., Schulte, A.K., What we know and don't know from peer-reviewed research about alternative teacher certification programs (2001) Journal of Teacher Education, 52 (4), pp. 266-282},
correspondence_address1={Tobin, K.; Marywood University, 2300 Adams Avenue, Scranton, PA 18509, United States; email: ktobin@marywood.edu},
issn={0161956X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Peabody J. Educ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wessner20121,
author={Wessner, C.W. and Wolff, A.W. and Policy and Global Affairs and National Research Council},
title={Rising to the challenge: U.S. innovation policy for the global economy},
journal={Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for the Global Economy},
year={2012},
pages={1-574},
doi={10.17226/13386},
note={cited By 54},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008869292&doi=10.17226%2f13386&partnerID=40&md5=e0b2364d4eb7d4f822b93005ccbc0ec6},
affiliation={(STEP) Board, United States; McKenna Long and Aldridge LLP, United States},
abstract={America's position as the source of much of the world's global innovation has been the foundation of its economic vitality and military power in the post-war. No longer is U.S. pre-eminence assured as a place to turn laboratory discoveries into new commercial products, companies, industries, and high-paying jobs. As the pillars of the U.S. innovation system erode through wavering financial and policy support, the rest of the world is racing to improve its capacity to generate new technologies and products, attract and grow existing industries, and build positions in the high technology industries of tomorrow. Rising to the Challenge: U.S. Innovation Policy for Global Economy emphasizes the importance of sustaining global leadership in the commercialization of innovation which is vital to America's security, its role as a world power, and the welfare of its people. The second decade of the 21st century is witnessing the rise of a global competition that is based on innovative advantage. To this end, both advanced as well as emerging nations are developing and pursuing policies and programs that are in many cases less constrained by ideological limitations on the role of government and the concept of free market economics. The rapid transformation of the global innovation landscape presents tremendous challenges as well as important opportunities for the United States. This report argues that far more vigorous attention be paid to capturing the outputs of innovation - the commercial products, the industries, and particularly high-quality jobs to restore full employment. America's economic and national security future depends on our succeeding in this endeavor. © 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.},
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Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science; Zhang, C., Douglas, Z.Z., William, P.M., James, S., (2009) Promoting Enterprise-Led Innovation in China, , http://siteresources.worldbank.org/CHINAEXTN/Resources/318949-1242182077395/peic_full_report.pdf, Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank Retrieved April 6, 2012 from; Liang, Z., Lan, X., (2010) The evolution of China's IPR system and its impact on the patenting behaviours and strategies of multinationals in China, 51 (2-4), pp. 469-496. , Volume 51 of International Journal of Technology Management; Zhou Evey, Y., Bob, S., (2010) Patented in China: The Present and Future State of Innovation in China, , http://www.ipeg.eu/blog/wpcontent/uploads/Patented-in-China-The-Present-and-Future-State-of-Innovation-in-China-Eve-Y.-Zhou-Bob-Stembridge.pdf, Thompson Reuters Viewed here on 4/6/2012; Zycher, B., Joseph, D., Christopher-Paul, M., The Truth About Drug Innovation: Thirty -Five Summary Case Histories on Private Sector Contributions to Pharmaceutical Science (2008) Medical Progress Report 6},
correspondence_address1={Wessner, C.W.; STEP BoardUnited States},
publisher={National Academies Press},
isbn={0309255511; 9780309255516},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rising to the Chall.: U.S. Innov. Policy for the Glob. Econ.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Madhur2012817,
author={Madhur, S.},
title={Asia's role in twenty-first-century global economic governance},
journal={International Affairs},
year={2012},
volume={88},
number={4},
pages={817-833},
doi={10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01103.x},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864013035&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-2346.2012.01103.x&partnerID=40&md5=ca74512658162ce518e7b9946a372235},
affiliation={Cambodia Development Resource Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={The basic foundations of today's framework for global economic governance were laid in the years following the Second World War. Reflecting the balance of economic power at the time, Asia did not play a major role in either designing the institutional architecture or setting the agenda for global economic governance. In more recent decades the centre of gravity of the global economy has shifted towards Asia, and this trend is likely to continue in the decades to come. Asia's growing economic weight enhances its potential to play a much stronger role in shaping twenty-first-century global economic governance. Realization of that potential will, however, depend upon how successfully Asia addresses five key challenges: rebalancing sources of growth; strengthening national governance; institutionalizing regional integration; providing political leadership; and adopting the global lingua franca-English. While the Asian policy-makers' ambition to play a bigger role in global economic governance is growing, their appetite for addressing the necessary policy challenges is not necessarily keeping pace with that growing ambition. This gap between ambition and action will need to be gradually closed-only then can Asia help itself in playing a bigger role in global economic governance. © 2012 The Author(s). International Affairs © 2012 The Royal Institute of International Affairs.},
references={(2011), Indermit Gill and Homi Kharas, An East Asian renaissance (Washington DC: World Bank, 2007); Kishore Mahbubani, The new Asian hemisphere: the irresistible shift of global power to the east (New York: PublicAffairs, 2008); Harinder Kohli, Ashok Sharma and Anil Sood, eds, Asia 2050: realizing the Asian century (New Delhi: Sage Publications; Finkelstein, L.S., What is global governance? (1995) Global Governance, 1, pp. 367-72; Wolf, M., Globalization and global economic governance (2004) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20 (1), pp. 72-84; Crockett, A., (2010), pp. 77-86. , What have we learned from 50 years about the international financial architecture?', in Christopher Kent and Michael Robson, eds, Reserve Bank of Australia 50th anniversary symposium: proceedings of a conference (Sydney: Reserve Bank of Australia; (2009), Risto Penttilä, Multilateralism light: the rise of informal international governance, EU202 essay (London: Centre for European Reform, July; Penttilä, Multilateralism light; Madhur, S., (2011), 21st century global economic governance: evolving architecture, emerging issues, and Asia's role', mimeo, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Seoul, South Korea, Aug; (2010), ADB, Asia's strategic participation in the G20 for global economic reform (Manila; Kohli, (2050), Eds, Asia; (2011), p. 5. , Paul Martin in Hell or high water: my life in and out of politics (2008), quoted in Gordon S. Smith, G7 to G8 to G20: evolution in global governance, Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) G20 paper series no. 6 (Waterloo: CIGI; Kawai, M., Petri, P.A., (2011), Asia's role in the global economic architecture', Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) working paper, Manila, Aug. 2010; Arvind Virmani and Michael Debabrata Patra, 'IMF reforms 2010: do they mirror global economic realities?', Economic and Political Weekly, no. 46: 30, 23 July; Mahbubani, K., Move over to the east, Asia is there (2010), China Daily, 23 Dec. (interview reported by Li Yang); Virmani, Patra, (2010) IMF reforms; (2010), Barry Carin and Peter Heap, 'Asians can think: a time for Asian leadership at the G20', East Asia Forum, 4 Nov; Kahler, M., (2010), Asia and the reform of global governance', paper presented at the conference on 'Asia reshaping the global economic order: trade and finance', Tokyo, April; Acharya, A., (2011), pp. 851-69. , Can Asia lead? Power ambitions and global governance in the twenty-first century', International Affairs 87: 4, July; Yoon Cho, J., (2011), 73. , What do Asian countries want the seat at the high table for? G20 as a new global economic governance forum and the role of Asia', ADB working papers on regional economic integration no; Gill, Kahars, An East Asian renaissance; Akquz, Y., Export dependence and the future of growth in China and East Asia (2010), pp. 1-5. , South Bulletin, no. 48, June; (2010), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Regional economic outlook: Asia and Pacific, ch. 3, 'Does Asia need rebalancing?' (Washington DC, April; (2006), Wolf, 'Globalization and global economic governance'; John H. Barton, Judith L. Goldstein, Timothy E. Josling and Richard H. Stenberg, The evolution of the trade regime: politics, law, and economics of the GATT and the WTO (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ); Kahler, 'Asia and the reform of global governance'; Kahler, Asia and the reform of global governance ; Roach, S., (2009), Stephen Roach on the next Asia: opportunities and challenges for a new globalization (New York: John Wiley and Sons; Kohli, (2050), eds, Asia; IMF, 'Does Asia need rebalancing?'; Guo, K., N'Diaye, P., (2010), Determinants of China's private consumption: an international perspective, IMF Working Paper no. 93 (Washington DC, April; Charlotte, A., Srinivasa Madhur, S.-Z., (2010), Regulatory reforms for improving the business environment in selected Asian economies: how monitoring and comparative benchmarking can provide incentive for reforms', ADB working papers on regional economic integration (Manila, ADB, Jan; Madhur, S., (2010), pp. 23-53. , Global crisis and ASEAN: impact, outlook, and policy priorities', in Saw Swee-Hock, ed., Managing economic crisis in Southeast Asia (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; (2009), ADB, Institutions for regional integration: toward an Asian Economic Community (Manila, 2010); ADB and ADBI, Infrastructure for a seamless Asia (Manila; Kuroda, H., Asia's future: regional challenges and global responsibilities (2011), address to the 44th ADB annual meeting, Hanoi, Vietnam, 5 May; Mahbubani, The new Asian hemisphere, p. 176; Katsu, S., (2050), pp. 221-42. , Transforming governance and institutions', in Kohli et al., eds, Asia; , p. 14. , Quoted in Mahbubani, The new Asian hemisphere; Kahler, Asia and the reform of global governance; (2008), ADB. Emerging Asian regionalism: a partnership for shared prosperity (Manila; (2012), ADBI, 'ASEAN 2030: toward a borderless economic community: draft highlights' (Tokyo: ABDI:; (2009), Joseph François, Pradumna Rana and Ganeshan Wignaraja, Pan-Asian integration: linking East and South Asia (Manila: ADB; ADB, Institutions for regional integration; Kawai, Petri, Asia's role in the global economic architecture'; Kawai, Petri, (2010), Asia's role in the global economic architecture'; Randall C. Henning, 'Connecting regional and multilateral financial institutions', paper prepared for ADB, Sept. ; ADB, Institutions for regional integration; Drysdale, P., (2010), Asia's global responsibilities through global and regional arrangements', East Asia Forum, 10 Oct; Mahbubani, Move over to the east'; Acharya, 'Can Asia lead?' , p. 863; Acharya, Can Asia lead? ; Kahler, Asia and the reform of global governance' ; Kahler, Asia and the reform of global governance'; Acharya, 'Can Asia lead?'; Kahler, Asia and the reform of global governance Acharya, 'Can Asia lead?'; Sy, T., Shore, L.M., (2010) Journal of Applied Psychology, 95 (5), pp. 902-19. , Judy Strauss and Ted H. Shore, 'Leadership perceptions as a function of race-occupation fit; Mahbubani, K., Chesterman, S., (2010), p. 1. , Asia's role in global governance', Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper no. 175 (New York: New York University; Du, H., (2001), pp. 126-33. , The globalization of the English language: reflections on the teaching of English in China', International Education Journal 2: 4; Kwan, C.H., (2003), How to fix Japan's English language deficit', Asia Times, 27 June 2002; David Crystal, English as a global language, 2nd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lazaro, D.C., Medalla, E., (2009), pp. 111-20. , English as a language of trade, finance, and technology in APEC', working paper no. 36, Philippine Institute of Development Studies, 2004; Shen Qi, 'Globalization of English and English language policies in East Asia: a comparative perspective', Canadian Social Science 5: 3; Crystal, English as a global language; Graddol, D., (2001), The future of English', in Ann Burns and Caroline Coffin, eds, Analysing English in a global context (London: Routledge; Lazaro, Medalla, English as a language of trade, finance, and technology'; Qi, 'Globalization of English'; (2011), Education First, English Proficiency Index, March; (2011), Education First, English Proficiency Index, March; Crystal, English as a global language , pp. 2-3; Nooyi, I., (2005), Address at Columbia University Business School graduation ceremony, 15 May; Kahler, Asia and the reform of global governance Acharya, 'Can Asia lead?'; Cho, 'What do Asian countries want the seat at the high table for?'; Mahbubani, The new Asian hemisphere , p. 9},
correspondence_address1={Madhur, S.; Cambodia Development Resource Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia},
issn={00205850},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Panayotakis20121,
author={Panayotakis, C.},
title={The struggle in (and over) Greece},
journal={Capitalism, Nature, Socialism},
year={2012},
volume={23},
number={2},
pages={1-3},
doi={10.1080/10455752.2012.675225},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862087171&doi=10.1080%2f10455752.2012.675225&partnerID=40&md5=0df769fd450e89e4b94df4929832d919},
abstract={The current global capitalist crisis has unleashed a war against workers and ordinary people around the world. Meanwhile, Greece is also being turned into an ideological weapon used by ruling elites in other parts of the world to justify the spread of policies that impoverish the majority, while protecting the interests of the wealthy. Having tricked their northern neighbors into admitting them into the eurozone, now they expect to live off the largesse of their virtuous neighbors. This narrative glosses over the failures and contradictions of the neoliberal project that the process of European economic and monetary integration has served in recent decades. The drastic cuts in pensions as well as private and public sector wages and salaries are leading to a collapse of demand, which, in its turn, is wiping out small businesses by the thousands.},
keywords={capitalism;  economic integration;  economic policy;  European Union;  financial crisis;  global economy, Greece},
correspondence_address1={Panayotakis, C.email: cpanayotakis@gmail.com},
issn={10455752},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Capitalism Nat. Social.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Brown20121,
author={Brown, P. and Lauder, H. and Ashton, D.},
title={The Global Auction: The Broken Promises of Education, Jobs, and Incomes},
journal={Oxford University Press},
year={2012},
volume={9780199731688},
pages={1-208},
doi={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731688.001.0001},
note={cited By 49},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922526171&doi=10.1093%2facprof%3aoso%2f9780199731688.001.0001&partnerID=40&md5=2c36281b31d378e5e95cd1571dd48411},
affiliation={School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom; University of Bath, United Kingdom},
abstract={For decades, the idea that more education will lead to greater individual and national prosperity has been a cornerstone of developed economies. Indeed, it is almost universally believed that college diplomas give Americans and Europeans a competitive advantage in the global knowledge wars. Challenging this conventional wisdom, this book forces us to reconsider our deeply held and mistaken views about how the global economy really works and how to thrive in it. Drawing on cutting-edge research based on a major international study, the chapters show that the competition for good, middle-class jobs is now a worldwide competition-an auction for cut-priced brainpower-fueled by an explosion of higher education across the world. They highlight a fundamental power shift in favor of corporate bosses and emerging economies such as China and India, a change that is driving the new global high-skill, low-wage workforce. Fighting for a dwindling supply of good jobs will compel the middle classes to devote more time, money, and effort to set themselves apart in a bare-knuckle competition that will leave many disappointed. The chapters urges a new conversation about the kind of society we want to live in and about the kind of global economy that can benefit workers, but without condemning millions in emerging economies to a life of poverty. The book is a radical rethinking of the ideas that stand at the heart of the American Dream. It offers an expose of the realities of the global struggle for middle class jobs, a competition that threatens the livelihoods of millions of American and European workers and their families. © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc.},
author_keywords={Competition;  Corporate bosses;  Cut-priced brainpower;  Education;  Global economy;  Global knowledge wars;  Middle-class jobs;  Prosperity;  Society;  Workers},
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correspondence_address1={Brown, P.; School of Social Sciences, United Kingdom},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Oxford University Press},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Buggenhagen201284,
author={Buggenhagen, B.},
title={Fashioning Piety: Women's Dress, Money, and Faith among Senegalese Muslims in New York City},
journal={City and Society},
year={2012},
volume={24},
number={1},
pages={84-104},
doi={10.1111/j.1548-744X.2012.01069.x},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860299813&doi=10.1111%2fj.1548-744X.2012.01069.x&partnerID=40&md5=15b5578df43a67fb3bf8d89b93a372d4},
affiliation={Indiana University, United States},
abstract={Many Senegalese women migrate to make a living and build themselves up. The distance enables them to resist daily demands on their income and makes it possible for them to save and to invest in long term projects such as home building, their children's education, and family and religious celebrations. Yet, social criticism often blames women for the problems of marriage: such as the high divorce rate, infidelity, and financial squabbling between spouses. In this paper, I focus on the religious aspects of women's migration; I argue that Murid women deflect criticism of their wealth earned abroad by investing in the signs and symbols of a Muslim Sufi congregation. By visiting (ziyara), dressing up (sañse), and donating generously to shaykhs (addiya), Murid women display their wealth, convey the strength of their social networks, and construct themselves as candidates for salvation. Murid women engage in the global economy and preserve their distinctively Murid vision of the world and their place in it. Is it possible to understand their global engagement as a form of cosmopolitanism, as a practice and a form of consciousness, which is rooted in history and which is universal? The restructuring of the Senegalese state under neoliberal reform and its aftermath in the 1990s and into 2000 has made Muslim global networks important to livelihoods at home and yet, Muslim networks have come under scrutiny globally as the U.S. led Global War on Terror lingers on. © 2012 by the American Anthropological Association.},
author_keywords={Gender;  Islam;  Migration and Cosmopolitanism;  Senegal},
keywords={gender issue;  global economy;  international migration;  Islamism;  neoliberalism;  social network;  womens status, New York [New York (STT)];  New York [United States];  Senegal;  United States, Muridae},
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Eade, eds. London: Routledge; Ross, E., Tuba: A Spiritual Metropolis in the Modern World (1995) Canadian Journal of African Studies, 29 (2), pp. 222-259; Salzbrunn, M., The Occupation of Public Space through Religious and Political Events: How Senegalese Migrants Became a Part of Harlem, New York (2004) Journal of Religion in Africa, 34 (4), pp. 468-492; Samson, F., Islam, Protest, and Citizen Mobilization: New Sufi Movements (2009) New Perspectives on Islam in Senegal, pp. 257-272. , M. Diouf and M.A. Leichtman, eds. 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correspondence_address1={Buggenhagen, B.; Indiana UniversityUnited States},
issn={08930465},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={City and Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Iqbal201272,
author={Iqbal, B.A.},
title={G-20: Global Issues and Challenges},
journal={Transnational Corporations Review},
year={2012},
volume={4},
number={1},
pages={72-80},
doi={10.1080/19186444.2012.11658320},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070867263&doi=10.1080%2f19186444.2012.11658320&partnerID=40&md5=8af8ae396d739a9a476ccccb19a46a8c},
affiliation={DAAD, Germany},
abstract={The Group 20 is a group of economies comprising of developed and emerging economies. It is vital economic forum to deal with global issues that the world is facing. It also provides or creates a consensus on the emerging issues that may have far reaching sequences and impacts on the development of world economy. The Group also suggests new ways and means to solve global issues and challenges. The latest 15th meeting at Seoul, South Korea, discussed the emerging issues, namely- trade imbalances between cash-rich exporting economies, European debt crisis and debt burdened importers. The meeting also discussed currency war due to foreign exchange rates especially between the US and China. It also discussed other vital issues, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and Doha Development round (DDR), which are affecting the global economy. This paper analyses the major issues concerned and how these issues should be handled appropriately by the Group-20 countries. © 2012, © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
author_keywords={competitive devaluation;  currency war;  Trade imbalances},
references={Anna, K.A., (2010), p. 13. , the Hindu, Chennai:). G-20: The Two Issues;,; November 11,; p; (2010) PM Underlines Need for Balancing Capital Flows, p. 8. , Chennai: Business Line (,; Nov. 13,; P; Chan, Stolberg, (2010) China Pledges to Shift Economy, p. 4. , the New York Times (News Service), New York: and,; November 12, 2010. P; (2010) G-20 Backs Gradual Currency Moves, p. 4. , New Delhi:; November 13; 2010. P; (2010) G-20 Seoul Summit Document, p. 7. , New Delhi:; November 13,; p; (2010) G-20 still pursues protectionism, p. 8. , New Delhi:; November 9, 2010. P; (2010) What to Watch out for., p. 10. , New Delhi:; November 12, 2010; P; (2010), Geneva; Hazer, Kumar, (2010) A Summit for all People, p. 13. , the Hindu, Chennai: and,; November 11,; p; (2010) G-20 Summit: Difference of Opinion, p. 14. , Chennai:; November 12,; P; (2010) Norms to Identify Imbalances by mid-2011, p. 14. , Chennai:; November 13, 2010; P; (2011) Collapse of Cancun Summit, p. 9. , Chennai:; November 2, P; Lehman, J.P., (2010), p. 10. , ; Save Capitalism from Protectionists; the Times of Idea; New Delhi; November 20, 2010. P; Shame, P., (2010) Globalization and G-20; the Business Standard, p. 13. , New Delhi:; November 13, 2010; p; Evenett, S., (2010) Economics, , St. Galen University, Switzerland:. November 7, 2010; (2010) G-20 Tries to Find Common Ground, p. 15. , New Delhi:; November 13, 2010; P; (2010) G-20, agrees not to devalue currency, p. 19. , New Delhi:; November 15,; p},
correspondence_address1={Iqbal, B.A.; Department of Commerce, India; email: badar.iqbal@fulbrightmail.org},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={19186444},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Transnatl. Corp. Rev.},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Marin2012209,
author={Marin, D. and Verdier, T.},
title={Globalization and the empowerment of talent},
journal={Journal of International Economics},
year={2012},
volume={86},
number={2},
pages={209-223},
doi={10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.10.005},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858072214&doi=10.1016%2fj.jinteco.2011.10.005&partnerID=40&md5=79784d50d7fe039168ca7ecb280ddd01},
affiliation={University of Munich, Germany; Paris School of Economics, France},
abstract={Many experts have identified globalization as the new way in which firms organize their activities and the emergence of talent as the new stakeholder in the firm. This paper examines the role of trade integration in the changing nature of the corporation. International trade leads to a 'war for talent' which makes it more likely that an organizational equilibrium emerges in the integrated world economy in which control is delegated to lower levels of the firm's hierarchy empowering human capital. Furthermore, trade integration is shown to lead to waves of decentralization and to convergence in corporate cultures across countries. © 2011.},
author_keywords={International trade with endogenous organizations;  The rise of human capital;  Theory of the firm},
keywords={decentralization;  economic integration;  economic theory;  empowerment;  global economy;  globalization;  human capital;  international trade;  stakeholder;  theoretical study},
funding_details={Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, SFB/TR 15},
funding_details={Volkswagen FoundationVolkswagen Foundation},
funding_text 1={We thank Elhanan Helpman, Martin Hellwig, an anonymous referee and in particular Pol Antras for thoughtful suggestions, and participants of the NBER International Trade and Organizations Program Meeting, Cambridge, 2003, North American Summer Meeting of the Econometric Society, Evanston, 2003, CEPR European Workshop in International Trade ERWIT 2003, Bern, European Trade Study Group, Madrid, 2003, SFB/TR 15 Workshop, Gummersbach, 2004 and seminar participants at Humboldt University Berlin, University of Southampton, Paris I, International Monetary Fund, Melchior Minerva Center for Growth, Hebrew University Jerusalem and the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies for helpful comments. Financial support from the Volkswagen Foundation through the network ‘Globalization and the Organization of Firms and Markets’ and from the German Science Foundation through SFB/TR 15 and through a research grant is gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Aghion, P., Tirole, J., Foal and real authority in organizations (1997) Journal of Political Economy., 105 (1), pp. 1-29; Antràs, P., Firms, contracts, and trade structure (2003) The Quarterly Journal of Economics., 118 (4), pp. 1375-1418; Antràs, P., Helpman, E., Global sourcing (2004) Journal of Political Economy., 112 (3), pp. 552-580; (2000) The New Relationship, , Human Capital in the American Corporation, Brookings Institution Press, M.M. Blair, T. Kochan (Eds.); Drucker, P., The future of the company (2001) The Economist, , December; Grossman, G., Helpman, E., Integration vs. outsourcing in industry equilibrium (2002) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117 (1), pp. 85-120; Helpman, H., Krugman, P., (1985) Market Structure and Foreign Trade, , MIT Press, Cambridge; Holmstrom, B., Kaplan, S., Corporate governance and merger activity in the United States (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (2), pp. 121-144; Lawrence, R.Z., Slaughter, M.J., International trade and American wages in the 1980s: giant sucking sound or small hiccup (1993) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, pp. 161-227; Leamer, E., Wage effects of a U.S.-Mexico free trade agreement (1993) The Mexico-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, pp. 57-128. , MIT Press, Cambridge, P.M. Garber (Ed.); Legros, P., Newman, A., Competing for ownership (2008) Journal of the European Economic Association., 6 (6), pp. 1279-1308; Marin, D., The new corporation in Europe (2008) Bruegel Policy Brief. Issue 2008/07, September, Brussels; Marin, D., Verdier, T., (2004), Globalization and the Empowerment of Talent. SFB/TR 15 GESY Discussion Paper No 1; Marin, D., Verdier, T., Power inside the firm and the market: a general equilibrium approach (2008) Journal of the European Economic Association; Marin, D., Verdier, T., Corporate Hierarchies and the Size of Nations (2008), Centre for Economic Policy Research, CEPR Discussion Paper No 6734 London; Marin, D., Verdier, T., Competing in organizations: firm heterogeneity and international trade (2008) The Organization of Firms in a Global Economy, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, E. Helpman, D. Marin, T. Verdier (Eds.); Melitz, M.J., Ottaviano, G.I.P., Market Size, Trade, and Productivity (2008) Review of Economic Studies, 75 (1), pp. 295-316; Puga, D., Trefler, D., Wake up and smell the ginseng: the rise of incremental innovation in developing countries (2010) Journal of Development Economics, 91 (1), pp. 64-76; Rajan, R.G., Wulf, J., The flattening firm: evidence from panel data on the changing nature of corporate hierarchies (2006) Review of Economics and Statistics, 4, pp. 759-773; Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., The governance of the new corporation (2000) Corporate Governance, , Cambridge University Press, X. Vives (Ed.); Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., The firm as a dedicated hierarchy: a theory of the origins and growth of firms (2001) The Quarterly Journal of Economics., 116 (3), pp. 805-852; Roberts, J., (2004) The Modern Firm: Organizational Design for Performance and Growth, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Sloan, A.P., (1990) My Years with General Motors, , Doubleday, New York},
correspondence_address1={Marin, D.; University of MunichGermany},
issn={00221996},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Orihara2012103,
author={Orihara, M. and Clancey, G.},
title={The nature of emergency: The Great Kanto Earthquake and the crisis of reason in Late Imperial Japan},
journal={Science in Context},
year={2012},
volume={25},
number={1},
pages={103-126},
doi={10.1017/S0269889711000317},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856368694&doi=10.1017%2fS0269889711000317&partnerID=40&md5=3b355dcece14851d9940025f3bb46bfe},
affiliation={University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada; Asia Research Institute (ARI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore},
abstract={Argument Hijōji (emergency) was an important keyword in the militarist Japan of the 1930s. Previous scholarship has assumed that such language sprung from the global financial crisis of 1929, and subsequent diplomatic events. Our article demonstrates, however, that a full-bodied language of emergency was crafted well before the collapse of the global economy, and against the backdrop of the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, which destroyed the Japanese capital. While previous "great earthquakes" had been opportunities to strengthen Japanese participation in the global project of science, this one led more dramatically to a crisis of reason, and indirectly contributed to the spiritual, anti-western, and anti-rational rhetoric of what became the "Showa Restoration." This and other post-disaster landscapes, we argue, should be examined as compelling sites for the crafting of political language - sites of opportunity and meaning as well as trial. While the phrase "state of emergency" was coined under very different circumstances in post-war Britain, it gained power and charisma in Japan, and likely other places around the world, by its association with natural catastrophe. Thus did modern politics establish a new connection with the traditional realm of the sublime, and in the case of Japan, the supernatural. Emergency's ability to associate politics with nature would never disappear, and has perhaps even strengthened in the early twenty-first century. © Copyright Cambridge University Press 2012.},
references={Agamben, G., (2005) State of Exception, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Akutagawa, R., Daishinsai ni saiseru kanso (1978) Akutagawa Ryūnosuke zenshu, 6. , [Comments on the Great Earthquake] [Collected Works of Akutagawa Ryūnosuke], Tokyo: Iwanami shoten; De Bary, T., (2001) Sources of Japanese Tradition, 1. , New York: Columbia University Press; Borland, J., Stories of ideal Japanese subjects from the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923 (2005) Japanese Studies, 25, p. 1; Borland, J., Capitalising on catastrophe: Reinvigorating the Japanese state with moral values through education following the 1923 Great Kantô Earthquake (2006) Modern Asian Studies, 40 (4), pp. 875-907. , DOI 10.1017/S0026749X06002010, PII S0026749X06002010; Clancey, G., Toward a spatial history of emergency: Notes from Singapore (2004) Beyond Description: Singapore, Space, Historicity, pp. 30-69. , edited by Ryan Bishop, John Phillips, and Yeo Wei Wei, New York: Routledge; Clancey, G., (2006) Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, pp. 1868-1930. , Berkeley: University of California Press; Clancey, G., The Meiji earthquake: Nature, nation, and the ambiguities of catastrophe (2006) Modern Asian Studies, 40 (4), pp. 909-951. , DOI 10.1017/S0026749X06002137, PII S0026749X06002137; Dai, N.Y.K., (1923) Taisho Daishinsai Daikasai, , [The Great Earthquake and the Great Fire of Taisho]. 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correspondence_address1={Orihara, M.; University of British Columbia (UBC)Canada; email: oriharam@interchange.ubc.ca},
issn={02698897},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. Context},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Amini2012,
author={Amini, M.S.},
title={A war of giants could cut off Persian Gulf production},
journal={Hart's E and P},
year={2012},
number={FEBRUARY},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858991803&partnerID=40&md5=b55786b07d7cfcf9d26418a8d14865cf},
abstract={The Persian Gulf is linked to the destiny of energy security and stable oil prices in the global market. The region holds 65% to 75% of proved global petroleum reserves and 35% to 50% of natural gas, exporting 20% of the world's energy through the Strait of Hormuz. It is clear the developing crisis in the Persian Gulf has the potential to adversely impact the global economy as well as regional and trans-regional security. Experts on international diplomacy agree that the negative consequences of a crisis in the Persian Gulf would be significant - increased vulnerability of the oil industry, compromised supply, and instability in the price of oil. Countries in the southern part of the Persian Gulf are facing some complicated issues. While they are working to adapt to the vagaries of a critical relationship between Tehran and Washington, they find themselves between a rock and a hard place.},
correspondence_address1={Amini, M.S.},
issn={15274063},
coden={HAEPF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hart's E P},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2012,
title={The Hormuz red herring},
journal={Petroleum Economist},
year={2012},
volume={79},
number={1},
page_count={2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857982137&partnerID=40&md5=9c0feeddbfa5e9138cbe1bc5a0faca02},
abstract={Iran's threat to close the narrow body of water that connects the Mideast Gulf with the global oil market is neither credible, nor the worst possible outcome of rising tensions between the country and its Western enemies. The Strait of Hormuz is a critical channel of global trade, according to UK defense minister Philip Hammond. About a fifth of the world's oil flows from exporters in the Middle East through the Strait. Shutting it down would trigger an immediate oil-price spike. Depending on the duration of the shut-in, $150/bbl oil would be just the starting point. That is why any attempt to shut down the waterway would be met with instant and near unanimous condemnation by the UN. Iran could find the means to shut the Strait - by planting mines or attacking tankers - both tactics the country attempted in the 1980s, until a show of force by the USN calmed the waters. However, treating any aggression against traffic through the Strait as an act of war, the US and UK would destroy Iran's nearby military installations, claim analysts - with the support of other Mideast powers. Meanwhile, Iran's economy depends on the traffic of crude, shipping ∼ 2 million bpd of its own oil through the Strait. The country's allies in the UN, especially China, also rely on exports through the channel. It would be a desperate and short-lived act of retaliation. Thus, shutting the Strait of Hormuz would spike the oil market and hurt the global economy. However, renewed chaos in Iraq would cause even more lasting damage.},
issn={0306395X},
coden={PEECD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pet. Econ.},
document_type={Business Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Cox201211,
author={Cox, R.W.},
title={Corporate finance and US foreign policy},
journal={Corporate Power and Globalization in US Foreign Policy},
year={2012},
pages={11-30},
doi={10.4324/9780203121610-7},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123150063&doi=10.4324%2f9780203121610-7&partnerID=40&md5=aabe4c19d2d39c021bc27b5bafd9b470},
affiliation={Department of Politics and International Relations, Florida International University, Miami, United States},
abstract={The current global economic crisis has led to a prodigious body of scholarship examining the growing power of the financial sector within the US economy. Typically, this literature focuses on traditional measures of “financialization, " such as the rising share of profits accrued by financial firms as a percentage of US GDP (Dore 2008; Phillips 2008). Related approaches explore the role of the biggest investment and commercial banks in promoting deregulation of US financial markets, facilitated by the close political relationships between financial firms and policymakers (Ferguson and Johnson 2009; Kuttner 2007). Some scholars emphasize the shifting orientation of US-based financial corporations from traditional investment and commercial banking operations to a greater reliance on a “shadow banking system” and proprietary trading that has increased the propensity for the creation of new and risky investment assets (Blackburn 2008). While all of these approaches to the growing financialization of the US economy offer important insights about the growing power of the financial sector, there remains a need to conceptualize the depth of the financialization of the US economy. In particular, what is often under-theorized is the extent to which the US-based non-financial corporate sector has grown increasingly dependent on financial assets for a growing percentage of corporate profits (Epstein 2005). With that task in mind, I use this chapter to locate the process of financialization within the long-term structural shifts in US and global capitalism that have taken place from the 1970s to the present. The aim is to integrate an explanation of financialization to shifts in global production strategies and to shifts in US foreign policymaking. Using this approach, financialization is located both within structural changes in the global economy and within specific transition points in US foreign policy that have facilitated the “financialization of production.” This term, which is central to my overall approach, is defined by several co-existing and mutually dependent trends. The first is that non-financial corporations in the US have grown increasingly reliant, since the 1980s in particular, on financial assets as a percentage of corporate profits. Non-financial firms, in an effort to reverse the declining rates of profit that began in the mid-1960s and continued through the mid-1980s, became increasingly reliant on stocks, bonds, dividend and interest income for new revenue streams (Orhangazi 2008). The second trend is a greater reliance by non-financial firms on large-scale institutional financial investors for purchases of corporate stock (Zey and Camp 1996: 337). Institutional financial investors holding disproportionate shares of corporate stock became more important players in corporate decision-making strategies, including the massive sell-off of corporate assets during the 1980s. The third trend involves non-financial firms restructuring their global operations around supply networks through the creation of subsidiaries, subcontracting, and outright purchasing of needed goods from independent producers located in foreign markets (Milberg 2010). The intermediaries within this restructuring process are institutional financial investors who are often involved in financing the various links of these global supply chains. The US state, often working with particular business groups and associations, has played an important role in making the financialization of production possible. In order to grasp the relationship between the US state and the financialization of production, the first place to start is with a recognition that US foreign policymaking from the 1970s to the present did not exist in isolation from structural economic changes, but has to be seen in relation to particular shifts in the US and global economies. Specifically, transnational corporations, both financial and non-financial, have relied increasingly on the financialization of profits, and on policies pursued by the US state in promoting financialization, to reverse the falling rates of profit experienced by the most globally competitive transnational corporations from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s (Fligstein 2001; Arrighi 1994). Non-financial transnational corporations, facing declining profit rates, sought to tie future profitability to a reorientation of production on a global scale that was closely linked to an increased financialization of corporate assets (Milberg and Winkler 2010). At the same time, the largest transnational commercial and investment banks, faced with rising global competition alongside competition from newly emerging institutional investors in the US market, started to look for ways to reverse declining rates of profit in the financial sector. This involved increased consolidation through mergers and acquisitions and restructuring of financial activities toward risky proprietary trading, which was pursued to varying degrees by both investment and commercial banks beginning in the mid-1980s (Gowan 2009: 8-13). Both non-financial and financial firms were increasingly interlinked economically and politically as they attempted to respond to the exigencies of the crisis of profitability. Non-financial firms, aided by weakened antitrust laws in the 1980s, used mergers and acquisitions financed with borrowed money and underwritten by investment banks to restructure their operations. The most prevalent form of consolidation involved horizontal mergers and acquisitions in which corporations acquired or merged with competitors in the same industry. This was typically followed by a downsizing strategy that involved a massive selling off of non-core business assets in favor of a focus on core business activities (Nolan et al. 2007: 18). The restructuring strategy was accompanied by a much greater reliance on institutional financial investors for purchases of corporate shares, which were increasingly used to raise capital for firms engaged in a global race toward the top of the supply chain. The so-called “shareholder revolution” of the 1980s coincides with a disproportionate rise of stock investments by institutional financial corporations in the shares of non-financial corporations. This gave institutional financial investors holding pension and mutual funds a much greater say in the internal affairs of corporate governance (Soederberg 2009). At the same time, non-financial corporations, beginning in the 1970s but especially during the late 1980s and 1990s to the present, expanded their dependence on foreign production networks to compensate for a decline in profitability in the US market. This included a greater reliance on foreign intermediaries as a percentage of intrafirm trade, meaning that more US-based non-financial firms were importing goods produced in foreign locations in lieu of producing those goods at home. These relationships included each of the following strategies: (1) traditional subcontracting relationships; (2) foreign direct investment in which the parent firm owned the foreign supply firm; and (3) outright purchases of finished products from independent firms based in a handful of emerging market economies in the developing world that were starting to increase their production of manufacturing goods. In order to make this transition to a greater reliance on global production networks, non-financial corporations turned to the stock market in an effort to appeal to institutional financial investors who would help finance the restructuring of corporate operations that has led to more complex and diffuse global production networks. They also turned to the US state to enact trade and investment agreements that provided legal, institutional, and political support for the expansion of global supply networks. US corporations, alongside their transnational competitors based in foreign markets, have used all of these strategies of increased global integration to help reverse a falling rate of profit trend that the largest and most competitive global capitalist firms experienced from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. The intensification of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, accelerating greatly from 1999 to the present, has further increased concentration of corporate ownership at the top of the global supply chain, while at the same time creating a much more dispersed and diffuse network of global suppliers who produce a range of products that end up being integrated and branded by large-scale global corporations. The largest global corporations, both financial and non-financial, have increased their global market share across a range of industries from the 1980s to the present, a trend which is closely linked to the growing importance of global value chains (Catteneo et al. 2010). Such chains link a highly competitive world of small and medium-sized business entrepreneurs at the bottom of the chain with corporations at the top who are increasingly able to act as “systems integrators” that set the terms for increasingly complex global production networks. The term “systems integrators” derives from its origins in military planning during the Cold War, when “the US military learned and helped its contractors to learn systems integration skills - the art of conceiving, designing and managing the development of large complex systems involving multiple disciplines and many participating organizations” (Nolan et al. 2007: 28). In the contemporary global supply chains, most large-scale global corporations no longer produce a product from start to finish, but instead use their position at the top of the global supply chain to set the terms for doing business with thousands of potential suppliers, who are engaged in fierce competition to be included in these global production networks (Cowling and Tomlinson 2005). The linkage between the emergence of global supply chains and the financialization of production will be the central focus of this chapter. The next section establishes the historical background necessary to link the falling rate of profit to shifting accumulation strategies pursued by financial and non-financial corporations alike. There I argue that non-financial firms, faced with a long-term decline in profit rates, turned to financial markets in pursuing a mergers and acquisitions strategy of restructuring and downsizing, which was aided and facilitated by a US government that relaxed antitrust laws during the 1980s. As part of this political and economic process, transnational corporations based in the US established new business organizations that sought to enlist US state policy to promote deregulation at home and greater trade and investment opportunities in foreign markets. The embedded relationship between transnational capital and the US state resulted in a range of trade and investment agreements that helped make possible the expansion and financing of global supply chains that characterized a newly emerging production system. The linkage between a transnational political bloc of capitalist firms and the US state is evident within the US-led structural adjustment programs implemented in Latin America during the 1980s and 1990s, which were connected to the opening of financial markets and an expansion of opportunities for foreign investors. During the 1990s, the Clinton Administration aggressively pursued a foreign economic policy that prioritized the opening of financial markets in several newly emerging markets to foreign investors. At the same time, USbacked trade and investment agreements, including the Caribbean Basin Initiative in 1983 and NAFTA in 1994, as well as CAFTA-DR in 2005, emphasized a range of investment provisions that facilitated the expansion of outsourcing and the consolidation of regional supply networks for US-based transnational capital (Cox 2008). Financial firms, including US-based investment and commercial banks as well as institutional investors holding pension and mutual funds, looked to the US state to promote the opening of foreign financial markets. Most recently, the contemporary crisis of financialization has led to the greatest bailout of “too-big-to-fail” financial firms in US history. Rather than heralding an end of financial ascendancy and a period of more robust regulation, this only signals a more deep-seated and institutionalized relationship between financial capital and the US state that is the product of a long-term transformation in global capitalism. That transformation, as other chapters in this volume will document, has been responsible for a widening gap between rich and poor - in the US and globally. The shifting market strategies of global capitalist firms toward greater reliance on financial asset accumulation has provided the most important structural circumstance responsible for rising profits accruing to US-based corporations while workers receive lower wages despite higher productivity. The failure of US-based financial institutions and non-financial corporations to reinvest their profits in job creation in the US is not just a product of the most recent economic crisis. It is also symptomatic of structural shifts in global capitalism that have disconnected the profit margins of transnational corporations from the improved health and welfare of their domestic working class. This is reflected in statistics related to the current crisis, in which US-based Fortune 500 firms have seen a growth in profits of $572 billion from the last quarter of 2008 to the first quarter of 2010, while US workers have lost $122 billion in salaries and wages (Herbert, NYT, July 30 2010). After more than two years of this current global capitalist crisis, US-based Fortune 500 corporations are reporting profit rates of 8.9 percent, and cash reserves that are “unprecedented, " according to recent reports in the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and The Economist (Murray, WSJ, March 27, 2010; Rampell, NYT, Nov. 23, 2010; Economist, February 3, 2011). For transnational capital, working class immiseration is just another way to reduce cost margins as firms expand their cross-border investments. © 2012 editorial and selected matter; Ronald W. Cox; contributors their contributions.},
references={Akard, P., Corporate Mobilization and Political Power: The Transformation of US Economic Policy in the 1970s (1992) American Sociological Review, 57 (5), pp. 597-615; Arrighi, G., (1994) The Long Twentieth Century, , London, UK: Verso; Bhargava, R., Fraser, D., On the Wealth and Risks Effects of Commercial Bank Expansion into Securities Underwriting: An Analysis of Section 20 Subsidiaries (1998) Journal of Banking and Finance, 22, pp. 447-465; Blackburn, R., The Subprime Crisis (2008) New Left Review, 50, pp. 63-105; Burris, V., The Interlock Structure of the Policy-Planning Network and the Right Turn in U.S. State Policy (2008) Research in Political Sociology, 17, pp. 3-42; Carroll, W., Carson, C., Forging a New Hegemony? The Role of Transnational Policy Groups in the Network and Discourses of Global Corporate Governance (2003) Journal of World Systems Research, 9 (1), pp. 67-102; Catteneo, O., Gerefi, G., Staritz, C., (2010) Global Value Chains in a Post-Crisis World: A Development Perspective, , Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Chase, K., (2005) Trading Blocs: State, Firms and Regions in the World Economy, , Ann Arbor, MI.: University of Michigan; Cowling, K., Tomlinson, P., Globalization and Corporate Power (2005) Contributions to Political Economy, 24 (1), pp. 33-54; Cox, R., Transnational Capital, the U.S. State and Latin American Trade Agreements (2008) Third World Quarterly, 29 (8), pp. 1527-1544; Cox, R., Skidmore-Hess, D., (1999) U.S. Politics and the Global Economy: Corporate Power, Conservative Shift, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Davis, G., Greve, H., Corporate Elite Networks and Governance Changes in the 1990s (1997) American Journal of Sociology, 103 (1), pp. 1-37; Dore, R., Financialization of the Global Economy (2008) Industrial and Corporate Change, 17 (6), pp. 1097-1112; Dreiling, M., The Class Embeddedness of Corporate Political Action: Leadership in Defense of the NAFTA (2000) Social Problems, 47 (1), pp. 21-48; Epstein, G., (2005) Financialization and the World Economy, , Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar; Ferguson, T., Johnson, R., Too Big to Bail: The Paulson ‘Put, ' Presidential Politics and the Global Financial Meltdown (2009) International Journal of Political Economy, 38 (1), pp. 3-24; Ferguson, T., Rogers, J., (1984) Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics, , New York: Hill and Wang; Fligstein, N., (2001) The Architecture of Markets: An Economic Sociology of Twenty-First Century Capitalist Societies, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Gowan, P., Crisis in the Heartland: Consequences of the New Wall Street System (2009) New Left Review, 55, pp. 5-29. , January-February; Haley, M., (2001) Freedom and Finance: Democratization and Institutional Investors in Developing Countries, , New York: Palgrave; Jenkins, J., Eckert, C., The Right Turn in Economic Policy: Business Elites and the New Conservative Economics (2000) Sociological Forum, 15 (2), pp. 307-338; Johnson, S., The Quiet Coup (2009) The Atlantic, , www.theatlantic.com/magazine/toc/2009/05/, available online at; Krippner, G., The Financialization of the American Economy (2005) Socioeconomic Review, 3, pp. 173-208; Kuttner, R., (2007) The Squandering of America: How the Failure of Our Politics Undermines Our Prosperity, , New York: Knopf; Milberg, W., Shifting Sources and Uses of Profits: Sustaining US Financialization with Global Value Chains (2010) Economy and Society, 37 (3), pp. 420-451; Milberg, W., Winkler, D., Financialization and the Dynamics of Offshoring in the USA (2010) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, pp. 275-293; Moody, K., NAFTA and the Corporate Redesign of North America (1995) Latin American Perspectives, 22 (1), pp. 95-116; Nolan, P., Zhang, J., Liu, C., (2007) The Global Business Revolution and the Cascade Effect, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Orhangazi, O., Financialization and Capital Accumulation in the Non-Financial Corporate Sector: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation on the US Economy (2008) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 32, pp. 863-886; Phillips, K., (2008) Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics and the Global Crisis of American Capitalism, , New York: Viking; Prechel, H., Corporate Transformation to the Multilayered Subsidiary Form: Changing Economic Conditions and State Business Policy (1997) Sociological Forum, 12 (3), pp. 405-439; Prechel, H., (2000) Big Business and the State: Historical Transitions and Corporate Transformation, 1880s-1990s, , State University of New York Press; Robinson, W., (2004) A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class and State in a Transnational World, , Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins; Serfati, C., Financial Dimensions of Transnational Corporations, Global Value Chain and Technological Innovation (2008) Journal of Innovation Economics, 2, pp. 35-61; Soederberg, S., (2009) Corporate Power and Ownership in Contemporary Capitalism: The Politics of Resistance and Domination, , London, UK: Routledge; Speildoch, A., (2010) NAFTA Fueling Market Concentration in Agriculture, , Minneapolis, MN: Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy; Yang, Y., Post-NAFTA Production and Sourcing Development in the Maquiladora Program (1998) International Management and Data Systems, 98 (6), pp. 269-368; Yi, K., Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade? (2003) Journal of Political Economy, 111 (1), pp. 52-102; Zey, M., Camp, B., The Transformation from Multidivisional Form to Corporate Groups of Subsidiaries in the 1980s: Capital Crisis Theory (1996) Sociological Quarterly, 37 (2), pp. 327-351},
correspondence_address1={Cox, R.W.; Department of Politics and International Relations, United States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136328435; 9780415781961},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Corporate Power and Globalization in US Foreign Policy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Quiggin201216,
author={Quiggin, J.},
title={Financial markets: Masters or servants?},
journal={New Visions for Market Governance: Crisis and Renewal},
year={2012},
pages={16-27},
doi={10.4324/9780203116050-9},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122347948&doi=10.4324%2f9780203116050-9&partnerID=40&md5=1ca88c3bfe173be1417e2b5b46a7e0a8},
affiliation={University of Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Federation Fellow, Australia},
abstract={Trade and markets of one form or another have always been part of human society. Borrowing and lending are similarly ancient and ubiquitous. On the other hand, markets for trade in financial obligations such as debts and future sales and purchases are specific to capitalism. The key financial institutions of capitalism such as fractional reserve banking, joint stock companies and regular markets for trade in government bonds date, in their modern form, from the eighteenth century, although precursors can be found as early as the fifteenth century in Italy and the Netherlands. Throughout the history of capitalism there have been tensions between financial institutions and the state, and between financial capital and the firms and households engaged in the production and consumption of physical goods and services. In some periods, most notably in the decades after World War II, financial markets were reduced to a subordinate role, channelling household savings into credit for business investment and (relatively constrained) consumer credit, under tight public regulation. In other periods, including the decades since the 1970s, financial markets became, or at least seemed to become, all-powerful “Masters of the Universe”. Periods of financial sector dominance have regularly ended in spectacular panics and crashes, often resulting in the liquidation of large numbers of financial institutions and the reimposition of regulatory controls previously dismissed as outmoded and unnecessary. These panics have typically precipitated lengthy periods of recession or depression, with high unemployment and slow or negative economic growth. The financial crisis that engulfed the global economy in 2008 has been, so far, an archetypal example of this process. The power, and pretensions, of financial markets in the decades leading up to the crisis exceeded anything that had been seen in the past. The magnitude of the crisis was similarly impressive, with losses of billions or tens of billions of dollars becoming routine daily events and talk of trillions becoming commonplace. At several points it appeared likely that the entire global financial system might collapse, and this danger has not passed at the time of writing (August 2010). The aim of this paper is to consider measures to restore financial markets to their proper role as servants rather than masters of the market economy and the society within which it is embedded. © 2012 Kate Macdonald, Shelley Marshall and Sanjay Pinto for selection and editorial matter.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136297366; 9780415691116},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New Visions for Market Gov.: Crisis and Renewal},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Guglielmetti20121,
author={Guglielmetti, C.},
title={Introduction: The consequences of the international crisis for European SMEs},
journal={The Consequences of the International Crisis for European SMEs: Vulnerability and Resilience},
year={2012},
pages={1-16},
doi={10.4324/9780203084267},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121895198&doi=10.4324%2f9780203084267&partnerID=40&md5=897367e7c629be0796af805f241cb12d},
affiliation={Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Italy},
abstract={The book explores how, to what extent and with what consequences the international crisis that began in 2007-2008 and the recession which followed have affected European SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises), and what can be done at the institutional and political level to uphold them. Notwithstanding several important publications related to the international financial and economic crisis and its impact on SMEs (OECD, 2009; European Commission, 2011a, 2011b), this question still remains unanswered. This project aims at contributing to fill this gap, providing comparative empirical research both at the national and local level, and building a theoretical and methodological framework which can be fruitfully employed in policy analysis. The issue of SMEs’ vulnerability and resilience to the current crisis is particularly compelling in Europe. Widely identified in the literature as key for growth and development, SMEs1 are the mainstay of the European economy. As a matter of fact, a clear link has been identified between the macro-economic performance of the individual member countries and the performance of their SME sector. SMEs represent 99.8 percent of European enterprises, account for 58.4 percent of the total gross value added produced by the private sector in the EU, and stand for a substantial share of employment (66.9 percent of the total). Indeed, the archetypal enterprise in the EU is a micro-firm with turnover below or equal to €2 million and less than ten employees (92.1 percent of the total) (European Commission, 2011a; OECD, 2009). Overall, the crises hit SMEs particularly hard (Stiglitz et al., 2006) for a number of reasons connected to limited resources, asymmetric bargaining power - both with firms and with different stakeholders - and dependency on bank credit as the main source of external finance, their size preventing access to the stock market. They thus tend to have weaker capital structure and fewer financing options (OECD, 2009), having low or no credit rating, than large firms and multinational corporations. They also have less possibility to downsize and to diversify their economic activity. The crisis has had wide-ranging impacts on European SMEs. Since the onset of the crisis they have experienced a harsh reduction in the availability of credit and tightening of credit terms, a weighty fall in demand for goods and services along with increased payment delays on receivables. The subsequent widespread depletion of working capital in conjunction with liquidity and insolvency problems has caused significant decline in numbers, gross value added and employment. In 2009 the number of SMEs decreased by 2.1 percent and remained constant in 2010 with a total of 20.8 million. As far as gross value added is concerned, the drop of 6.4 percent in 2009 was followed in 2010 by an increase of 3.4 percent, while employment kept decreasing both in 2009 (-2.7 percent) and in 2010 (-0.9 percent). All this happened in a context of severe fiscal pressure and of a shrinking pool of budgetary revenues at all levels of governance. Small businesses in Europe have suffered a double-shock. They have been affected by the global financial turmoil and the most serious contraction in the global economy since World War II (Keeley and Love 2010: 11; Oxford Economics, 2011). The consequences for growth, unemployment and trade have been major. Against this backdrop, European SMEs have been confronted, as well, by the severe, long-term, and rather specific crisis of the Eurozone, and hence of the EU. According to the OECD, recovery in Europe has been feeble. GDP contracted by 4.2 and 4.1 percent in 2009 respectively in the EU-27 and the Eurozone, and both rebounded only by 1.8 percent in the following year. Unemployment rates rose from 7.2 percent in 2007 to 9.7 percent in 2010 in EU-27. The figures for the Eurozone were respectively 7.6 and 10.1 percent (European Commission, 2011b; OECD, 2011a, 2011b). On the whole, employment declined less than output: by 1.9 and 2.0 percent in the EU-27 and the Eurozone respectively in 2009 and by 0.5 percent in both areas in 2010. Hitherto, the Eurozone has proven to be highly vulnerable to external shocks and to suffer from deep-seated and new internal imbalances which are both real and financial. From our standpoint, there are two aspects which need to be highlighted. First, the unsustainable high level of public debt and the sovereign debt crisis comes together with the dramatic long-term downturn that the European economy is experiencing after the three postwar decades of rapid catching-up compared to the USA. Overall, Europe is witnessing slowing productivity and growth rates, high - and increasing - unemployment rates, and the loss of market shares (according to the WTO, the EU lost 2.3 percent of world market shares in merchandise export from 2000 to 2010, intra-EU trade excluded). Distressed private-sector balance sheets, amplified labor mismatches, and reduced capital deepening further hamper growth prospects (European Commission, 2011b). Second, growing internal real divergence in the EU is at the core of its fragility and of the asymmetric shocks suffered by individual member countries. Indeed, the crisis has magnified the gap between the vulnerable peripheral member countries and a more resilient core. This composite scenario is reflected by the microeconomic performance of individual member countries, which have varied markedly following macro and structural trends. It can be useful to briefly recall here the grouping of EU member States made by the European Commission (EC) according to the SMEs performance in terms of gross value added and employment (European Commission, 2011a). Three groups are identified: 1 those countries that registered a positive growth rate of both gross value added and employment (Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, Malta, Romania, Sweden and the United Kingdom); 2 those countries that experienced a so-called jobless recovery, registering positive gross value added growth rates but negative employment growth rates (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia); and 3 those countries that performed negatively in both gross value added and employment growth rates (Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania and Spain). © 2012 selection and editorial material, Bruno Dallago and Chiara Guglielmetti; individual chapters, the contributors.},
references={Athreye, S., Cantwell, J., Creating Competition? Globalisation and the Emergence of New Technology Producers (2007) Research Policy, 36 (2), pp. 209-226; Bartolucci, F., Choudhry, M.T., Marelli, E., Signorelli, M., (2011) Financial Crises and Unemployment: Beyond the Okun’s Law, , paper presented at Sixteenth World Congress of International Economic Association, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, July 2011; Boschma, R., Eriksson, R., Lindgren, U., How does Labour Mobility Affect the Performance of Plants? The Importance of Relatedness and Geographical Proximity (2009) Journal of Economic Geography, 9, pp. 169-190; Canzanelli, G., Overview and Learned Lessons on Local Economic Development, Human Development, and Decent Work (2001) ILO Working Papers, , October 2001; Dei Ottati, G., Trust, Interlinking Transactions and Credit in the Industrial District (1994) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 18, pp. 529-546; Eriksson, R., Lindgren, U., Localized Mobility Clusters: Impacts of Labour Market Externalities on Firm Performance (2009) Journal of Economic Geography, 9 (1), pp. 33-53; Eriksson, R., Lindgren, U., Malmberg, G., Agglomeration Mobility: Effects of Localisation, Urbanisation, and Scale on Job Changes (2008) Environment and Planning, 40 (10), pp. 2419-2434; (2000) European Charter for Small Enterprises., , http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/charter/docs/charter_en.pdf, Online. Available, accessed 13 April 2012; (2005) Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme - Modern SME Policy for Growth and Employment, COM/2005/0551 final., , http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2005:0551:FIN:EN:PDF, Online. Available, accessed 13 April 2012; (2011) Are EU SMEs Recovering from the Crisis? Annual Report on EU Small and Medium Sized Enterprises 2010/2011, , http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/facts-figures-analysis/performance-review/files/supporting-documents/2010-2011/annual-report_en.pdf, Rotterdam, Cambridge. Online. Available, accessed 13 April 2012; (2011) Commission Staff Working Document. European Economic Forecast, Spring 2011, , http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2011/pdf/ee-2011-1_en.pdf, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. Online. Available, accessed 13 April 2012; Guerrieri, P., Iammarino, S., Pietrobelli, C., (2001) The Global Challenge to Industrial Districts: Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Italy and Taiwan, , Cheltenham, UK and North Hampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing; Heidenreich, M., (2012) Innovation and Institutional Embeddedness of Multinational Companies, , Cheltenham, UK and North Hampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing; Iammarino, S., Regional Innovation and Diversity (2011) Handbook of Regional Innovation and Growth, , P. Cooke, B.T. Asheim and R. Boschma (eds, Cheltenham, UK and North Hampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing; Iammarino, S., McCann, P., Regional Innovation Systems: Identifying and Responding to Context (2010) Regional Innovation Policy: What, Where and Why?, , Paris, France: OECD; Keeley, B., Love, P., (2010) From Crisis to Recovery: The Causes, Course and Consequences of the Great Recession, , www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/from-crisis-to-recovery_9789264077072-en, Paris: OECD. Online. Available, accessed 13 April 2012; Maliranta, M., Mohnen, P., Rouvinen, P., Is Inter-Firm Labor Mobility a Channel of Knowledge Spillovers? Evidence from a Linked Employer-Employee Panel (2009) Industrial and Corporate Change, 18 (6), pp. 1161-1191; Marelli, E., Signorelli, M., Employment, Productivity and Models of Growth in the EU (2010) International Journal of Manpower, 31 (7), pp. 732-754; Marelli, E., Signorelli, M., Institutional, Nominal and Real Convergence in Europe (2010) Banks and Bank Systems, 5 (2), pp. 41-57; Marelli, E., Signorelli, M., Transition, Regional Features, Growth and Labour Market Dynamics (2010) The Labour Market Impact of the EU Enlargement, pp. 99-147. , F.E. Caroleo and F. Pastore (eds, Berlin, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag; Marelli, E., Signorelli, M., (2010) Economic Growth and Structural Features of Transition, , London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Marelli, E., Patuelli, R., Signorelli, M., (2011) Regional Unemployment in the EU Before and After the Global Crisis, , paper presented at EACES-AISRe Conference, Turin, September 2011; Marelli, E., Signorelli, M., Tyrowicz, J., (2010) Crises and Joint Employment-Productivity Dynamics: A Comparative Perspective for European Countries, , National Bank of Poland Working Paper Series; (2009) The Impact of the Global Crisis on SME and Entrepreneurship Financing and Policy Responses. Contribution to the OECD Strategic Response to the Financial and Economic Crisis, , www.oecd.org/dataoecd/40/34/43183090.pdf, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development, Paris: OECD. Online. Available; (2011) OECD Factbook 2011-2012, , www.oecd.org/publications/factbook, Paris: OECD. Online. Available, accessed 30 December 2011; (2011) OECD International Trade Statistics, , www.oecd.org/dataoecd/52/49/49149558.pdf, Paris: OECD. Online. Available, accessed 30 December 2011; Could a Renewed Eurozone Debt Crisis Derail the Global Recovery? (2011) Economic Outlook, 35 (1). , http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0319.2011.00825.x/pdf, Online. Available, accessed 30 December 2011; Smallbone, D., Foreign Direct Investment and SME Development: Some Policy Issues for Transition and Developing Countries (2008) Entrepreneurship in United Europe: Challenges and Opportunities: Proceedings of the International Conference, 13-17 September 2006, Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, , K. Todorov and D. Smallbone (eds, Bulgarian Association for Management Development and Entrepreneurship; Stiglitz, J., O’Campo, J.A., Spiegel, S., Ffrench-Davis, R., Nayyar, D., (2006) Stability with Growth: Macroeconomics, Liberalization and Development, , New York: Oxford University Press; Welter, F., Smallbone, D., Institutional Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Behavior in Challenging Environments (2011) Journal of Small Business Management, 49 (1), pp. 107-125},
correspondence_address1={Guglielmetti, C.; Department of Sociology and Social Research, Italy},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136190513; 9780415680851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Consequences of the International Crisis for European SMEs: Vulnerability and Resilience},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wüest2012349,
author={Wüest, B.R.},
title={The opposition to the globalised international economy},
journal={Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft},
year={2012},
pages={349-361},
doi={10.4324/9780203807804-42},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106131768&doi=10.4324%2f9780203807804-42&partnerID=40&md5=69ffee0c5310c9c4ba15e534e23fe1e0},
affiliation={University of Zurich, Switzerland; New York University, United States},
abstract={Over the past three decades, the liberalisation of international trade, finance, and investment has created new opportunities for dynamic business actors. The resulting trends of increased flows of people, goods, services, capital, and information can be subsumed under the term ‘economic globalisation’.1 Some scholars conclude that economic globalisation leads to a Kantian capitalist peace, because economic liberalism is singled out as a commonly shared ideological belief, and war or even protest becomes ever more costly in light of growing economic interdependence.2 By contrast, popular bestsellers regularly declare that economic globalisation is an irreversible ill for modern societies.3 However, both of these views overlook that economic globalisation has massive redistributive consequences, which give rise to new societal disparities and new political opposition.4 And especially since the 2008 global financial, economic, and public debt crises, there is increasing interest in how and by whom the global economy is challenged. © 2012 B.J.C. McKercher for selection and editorial matter.},
references={Brady, D., Beckfield, J., Wei, Z., The Consequences of Economic Globalization for Affluent Democracies (2007) Annual Review of Sociology, 33, pp. 313-334; Dreher, A., Gaston, N., Martens, P., (2008) Measuring Globalization-Gauging its Consequences, , New York; Held, D., McGrew, A., (2000) The Global Transformations Reader, , Cambridge; Fukuyama, F., (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, , New York; Ohmae, K., (1995) The End of the Nation State. How Region States Harness the Prosperity of the Global Economy, , New York; Forrester, V., (1996) L’Horreur Economique, , Paris; Reich, R., (2007) Supercapitalism, , New York; Przeworski, A., Yebra, C., Globalization and Democracy (1995) Globalization and Egalitarian Distribution, , P. Bardhay, S. Bowles, and M. Wallerstein, eds., Princeton; King, B., Pearce, N., The Contentiousness of Markets: Politics, Social Movements, and Institutional Change in Markets (2010) Annual Review of Sociology, 36, pp. 249-267; Elkins, Z., Guzman, A., Simmons, B., Competing for Capital: The Diffusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1960-2000 (2006) International Organization, 60, pp. 811-846; Scharpf, F., Schmidt, V., (2000) Welfare and Work in the Open Economy. Volume I: From Vulnerability to Competitiveness, , Oxford; Simmons, B., Dobbin, F., Garrett, G., The International Diffusion of Liberalism (2006) International Organization, 60, pp. 781-810; Vandenbroucke, F., (1998) Globalisation, Inequality, and Social Democracy, , London; Berger, S., Globalization and Politics (2000) Annual Review of Political Science, 3, pp. 43-62; Laitin, D.D., Post-Soviet politics, pp. 117-148; Kalyvas, S., The Decay and Breakdown of Communist One-Party Systems (1999) Annual Review of Political Science, 2, pp. 323-343; Kalyvas, S., Balcells, L., International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict (2010) American Political Science Review, 104, pp. 415-429; Kanet, R., The Superpower Quest for Empire: The Cold War and Soviet Support for '‘Wars of National Liberation” (2006) Cold War History, 6, pp. 331-352; Hardin, R., The Public Trust (2000) Disaffected Democracies. What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries?, pp. 31-51. , S. Pharr and R. Putnam, ed., Princeton, NJ; Inglehart, R., Welzel, C., (2005) Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy. The Human Development Sequence, , Cambridge; Kriesi, H., The Transformation of Cleavage Politics. The 1997 Stein Rokkan Lecture (1998) European Journal of Political Research, 36, pp. 165-185; Mair, P., The Challenge to Party Government (2008) West European Politics, 31, pp. 211-234; Kriesi, H., (2008) West European Politics in the Age of Globalization, , Cambridge; Bartels, L., (2008) Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age, , New York; Beramendi, P., Anderson, C., (2008) Democracy, Inequality and Representation, , New York; Hellwig, T., Samuels, D., Voting in Open Economies. The Electoral Consequences of Globalization (2007) Comparative Political Studies, 40, pp. 283-306; Fiss, P., Hirsch, P., The Discourse of Globalization: Framing and sensemaking of an emerging concept (2005) American Sociological Review, 70, pp. 29-52; Golden, M., Lange, P., Wallerstein, M., (1999) Dataset on Unions, Employers, Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations for 16 OECD Countries, , http://dvn.iq.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/golden; Godard, J., The Exceptional Decline of the American Labor Movement (2009) Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 63, pp. 83-108; Hirsch, B., Addison, J., (1986) The Economic Analysis of Unions: New Approaches and Evidence, , London; Upchurch, M., Graham, T., Mathers, A., (2009) The Crisis of Social Democratic Trade Unionism in Western Europe:The Search for Alternatives, , Burlington; Wallerstein, M., Western, B., Unions In Decline? What Has Changed and Why? (2000) Annual Review of Political Science, 3, pp. 355-377; Baccaro, L., Hamann, K., Turner, L., The Politics of Labour Movement Revitalization: The Need for a Revitalized Perspective (2003) European Journal of Industrial Relations, 9, pp. 119-133; Wuest, B., Varieties of Capitalist Debates: How institutions shape public conflicts on economic liberalization in the UK, France, and Germany (2010) Annual Conference of the Deutsche Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft, ETH Züric, , 10 September; Garrett, G., (1998) Partisan Politics in the Global Economy, , Cambridge; Hall, P., Policy Paradigms, Social Learning and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain (1993) Comparative Politics, 25, pp. 275-296; Giddens, A., (2000) The Third Way and Its Critics, , Cambridge; Müller-Rommel, F., Poguntke, T., (2002) Green Parties in National Governments, , London; Boix, C., Partisan Governments, the International Economy, and Macroeconomic Policies in Advanced Nations, 1960-93 (2000) World Politics, 53, pp. 38-73; Tavits, M., Letki, N., When the Left is Right: Party Ideology and Policy in Post-Communist Europe (2003) American Political Science Review, 103, pp. 555-569; March, L., Mudde, C., What’s Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left After 1989:Decline and Mutation (2005) Comparative European Politics, 3, pp. 23-49; Bartolini, S., Mair, P., (1990) Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability. The Stabilisation of European Electorates 1885-1985, , Cambridge, UK; Hironaka, A., (2005) Neverending Wars. The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War, , Cambridge, UK; Roberts, K., The Mobilization of Opposition to Economic Liberalization (2008) Annual Review of Political Science, 11, pp. 327-349; Dewatripont, M., Sapir, A., Sekkat, K., (1999) Trade and Jobs in Europe: Much Ado About Nothing?, , New York; Wolf, M., (2004) Why Globalization Works, , New Haven, CT; Brady, D., Wallace, M., Spatialization, foreign direct investment and labor outcomes in the American states, 1976-96 (2000) Social Forces, 79, pp. 67-100; Dasgupta, I., Osang, T., Globalization and relative wages: Further evidence from U.S. manufacturing industries (2000) International Review Economics and Finance, 11, pp. 1-16; Rees, K., Hathcote, J., The U.S. textile and apparel industry in the age of globalization (2004) Global Economy Journal, 4, pp. 1-22; Jessop, B., (2002) The Future of the Capitalist State, , Cambridge, UK; Vail, M., From “welfare without work” to “buttressed liberalization”: The shifting dynamics of labor market adjustment in France and Germany (2008) European Journal of Political Research, 47, pp. 334-358; Mares, I., Carnes, M., Social Policy in Developing Countries (2009) Annual Review of Political Science, 12, pp. 93-113; Yang, D., Economic Transformation and Its Political Discontents in China:Authoritarianism, Unequal Growth, and the Dilemmas of Political Development (2006) Annual Review of Political Science, 9, pp. 143-164; Mishkin, F., (2008) The Next Great Globalization: How Disadvantaged Nations Can Harness Their Financial Systems to Get Rich, , Princeton, NJ; Hung, E., Chiu, S., The lost generation: Life course dynamics and Xiagang in China (2003) Modern China, 29, pp. 204-236; Gaston, N., Nelson, D., Structural change and the labor-market effects of globalization (2004) Review of International Economics, 12, pp. 769-792; Rueda, D., Insider-Outsider Politics in Industrialized Democracies: The Challenge to Social Democratic Parties (2005) American Political Science Review, 99, pp. 61-74; Esping-Andersen, G., Politics without Class? Post-industrial Cleavages in Europe and America (1999) eds., Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, , H. Kitschelt, P. Lange, G. Marks and J. Stephens, Cambridge, UK; Kalmijn, M., Kraaykamp, G., Social stratification and attitudes: A comparative analysis of the effects of class and education in Europe (2007) British Journal of Sociology, 58, pp. 547-576; Weyland, K., Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected Affinities (1996) Studies in Comparative International Development, 32, pp. 3-31; Ellner, S., The Contrasting Variants of the Populism of Hugo Chavez and Alberto Fujimori (2003) Journal of Latin American Studies, 35, pp. 139-162; Hershberg, E., Rosen, F., (2006) Latin America after Neoliberalism: Turning the tide in the 21st century?, , New York; Mahon, J., Good-bye to the Washington Consensus? (2003) Current History, 102, pp. 58-64; Rydgren, J., The Sociology of the radical Right (2007) Annual Review of Sociology, 33, pp. 241-262; Greskovits, B., (1998) The Political Economy of Protest and Patience: East European and Latin American Transformations Compared, , Budapest; Kitschelt, H., Review Article: Growth and Persistence of the Radical Right in Postindustrial Democracies: Advances and Challenges in Comparative Research (2007) West European Politics, 30, pp. 1176-1106; Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Dolezal, M., Helbling, M., Hutter, S., Hoeglinger, D., Wuest, B., Restructuring Political Conflict in Western Europe, , (forthcoming); Zaslove, A., The dark side of European politics: Unmasking the radical right (2004) European Integration, 26, pp. 61-81; Blee, K., Creasap, K., Conservative and Right-Wing Movements (2010) Annual Review of Sociology, 36, pp. 269-286; Durham, M., (2007) White Rage: The Extreme Right and American Politics, , New York; Evans, P., Counterhegemonic globalization: Transnational social movements in the contemporary global political economy (2005) The Handbook of Political Sociology, , T. Janoski, R. Alford, A. Hicks, and M. Schwartz, eds., New York; Mesa-Lago, C., Social Security in Latin America (2007) Latin American Research Review, 42, pp. 181-201; Smith, J., Johnston, H., (2002) Globalization and Resistance: Transnational Dimensions of Social Movements, , Lanham, MD; French, H., Land of 74, 000 protests (2004) New York Times, , 24 August; Walton, J., Seddon, D., (1994) Free Markets and Food Riots: The Politics of Global Adjustment, , Oxford; Mertes, T., Anti-globalization movements: From critiques to alternatives (2010) The Routledge International Handbook of Globalization Studies, , B. Turner, ed., London; Kaldor, M., Anheier, H., Glasius, M., (2003) Global Civil Society, , New York; Auyero, J., (2007) Routine Politics and Violence in Argentina: The Gray Zone of State Power, , Cambridge, UK; Spronk, S., Webber, J., Struggles against accumulation by dispossession in Bolivia: The political economy of natural resource contention (2007) Latin American Perspective, 34, pp. 31-47; Wolff, J., (De-)Mobilizing the marginalized: A comparison of the Argentinean piqueteros and Ecuador’s indigenous movement (2007) Journal of Latin American Studies, 30, pp. 1-29; O’Brien, R., Goetz, A.M., Scholte, J.A., Williams, M., (2000) Contesting Global Governance:Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements, , London, New York; Veltmeyer, H., (2007) On the Move: The Politics of Social Change in Latin America, , Toronto; Boli, J., Thomas, J., (1995) Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875, , Stanford, CA; Tarrow, S., (2005) The New Transnational Activism, , Cambridge; Uggla, F., Between Globalism and Pragmatism: ATTAC in France, Germany, and Sweden (2006) Mobilization, 11, pp. 51-66; Uvin, P., From local organizations to global governance: The role of NGOs in international relations (2000) Global Institutions and Local Empowerment: Competing Theoretical Perspectives, , K. Stiles, ed., New York; King, B., Soule, S., Social movements as extrainstitutional entrepreneurs: The effect of protests on stock price returns (2007) Administrative Science Quarterly, 52, pp. 413-442; Bartley, T., Institutional emergence in an era of globalization: The rise of transnational private regulation of labor and environmental conditions (2007) American Journal of Sociology, 113, pp. 297-351; Moran, T., Graham, E., Blomstrom, M., (2005) Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?, , Washington, DC; Prakash, A., Potoski, M., Investing up: FDI and the Cross-National Diffusion of ISO 14001 (2007) International Studies Quarterly, 51, pp. 723-744; Cleary, M., Democracy and indigenous rebellion in Latin America (2000) Comparative Political Studies, 33, pp. 1123-1153},
correspondence_address1={Wüest, B.R.; University of ZurichSwitzerland},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136664373; 9780415781107},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Routledge Handb. of Dipl. and Statecraft},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Alshomrani201275,
author={Alshomrani, M.M. and Mehdi, M.},
title={The importance and dilemmas of security education in information system},
journal={WIAR 2012 - National Workshop on Information Assurance Research, Proceedings},
year={2012},
pages={75-79},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 National Workshop on Information Assurance Research, WIAR 2012 ; Conference Date: 18 April 2012;  Conference Code:162342},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093671007&partnerID=40&md5=90e049cd8b563edb05f5af36fe21eff9},
affiliation={Deptt. Of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Deptt. Of Computer Science, Northern Borders University Rafha, Arar, Saudi Arabia},
abstract={Today global economy, computer security & computer ethics are the important and challenging issues of any information System. These issues we can solve by creating the awareness of the security and ethics education to our society. This paper is based on the importance of security awareness in the society and there dilemmas. I tried in this paper to solve the challenging problems in which occur to the computer security education also I have been pointed out the importance of the IT Security education.. End user computing is a big resource of any information system so that system must be secure and safe. Some peoples are technically perfect but they didn't have any knowledge of data security, so those peoples are unable to solve the data security issues because technology can't alone solve the problem controlled by the individuals. Security dilemma is a major problem of any nation. Any type of security education sometimes creates a problem to our self. In this paper we tried to solve the issues of data security dilemmas. we can say that this paper is based on the indistinguishable offence and defense in the information system. © WIAR 2012 - National Workshop on Information Assurance Research, Proceedings. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={CCNA;  Component: Computer security education;  Packet War;  SETA;  Simulation},
keywords={Information systems;  Information use;  Philosophical aspects;  Security systems, Computer ethics;  Computer security education;  End user computing;  Ethics education;  Global economies;  Security awareness;  Security education;  Security issues, Security of data},
references={Saunders, H., Simulation Approaches in Information Security Education (2002) NCISSE an IEEE Journal, , Dec; Hill, J., (2000) Using an Isolated Network Laboratory to Teach Advanced Networks and Security, , Unpublished paper. Contact hillj@cs.tamu.edu; Cohen, F., (1999) Simulating Cyber Attacks, Defense, and Consequences, , http://www.all.net/journal/ntb/simulate/simulate.html, at March; Corey, D., Trimmer, J., Information assurance and security (2004) Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 16 (3). , July-September; The importance of a security, education, training and awareness program, , (November 2005) Stephanie D. Hight, CCNA; Shanna, G., The Unlikely HEROES of Cyber Security (2003) Information Management Journal, 37 (3), pp. 34-40. , May/June; DoD Info Security Training and Certification Program Could Affect up to 100,000 IT Pros (2004) Lifelong Learning Market Report, 9 (24), pp. 1-4. , December; Shafer, J., (2000) The IWAR Range: Laboratory for Undergraduate Information Assurance Education, , Unpublished paper. Contact dd9182@usma.edu; Denning, D., The Limits of Formal Security Models (1999) NCS Security Award Acceptance Speech, , http://www.cs.georgetown.edu/~denning/infosec/award.html, at October 18; Jared, W., The weak link in IT security: what good is cutting-edge network security if your own employees sabotage the system by misake? (2004) Risk Management, 51 (6), pp. 32-36. , July; Gordon, A., Loeb, P., William, L., Robert, R., (2005) CIS/FBI computer Crime and Security Survey (10th Annual), , www.gocsi.com, Available; Richard, S., Staff education is vital to effective information security; Create a security culture Computer Weekly, p. 36},
editor={Khan M.K., Mirza A.A., Alghathbar K.},
publisher={VDE Verlag GmbH},
isbn={9783800734320},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={WIAR - Natl. Workshop Inf. Assur. Res., Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Singh201217,
author={Singh, R.},
title={The United States: The eagle untamed},
journal={Multipolarity in the 21st Century: A New World Order},
year={2012},
pages={17-47},
doi={10.4324/9780203127209-9},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069168899&doi=10.4324%2f9780203127209-9&partnerID=40&md5=8c5f37da4061573dccd012bcc1a2d217},
affiliation={Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom},
abstract={As that great American sage, Yogi Berra, once observed, ‘predicting is difficult, especially about the future’. Such supremely wise counsel has not, however, prevented scholars of international relations, political science, foreign policy analysis and diplomatic history from venturing confident declarations about what they variously label the current era of American decline, the onset of the ‘post-American world’ and the arrival of the ‘age of non-polarity’.1 Long before the financial crisis that began in the autumn of 2008 and the ensuing years of convulsion in the US and global economies, a wide spectrum of academic analysts from across the ideological and international divides stated assertively - with a mix, according to taste, of concern, despondency and schadenfreude - that the twentieth, or ‘American’, century was now finally in its last throes. What would replace it was a matter for conjecture about which reasonable people could disagree. What was not in doubt, however, was that, after several decades of soaring far and high, the American eagle’s wings, while not permanently grounded, were now well and truly clipped. The main reasons for this steady but dramatic shift in the international order were not difficult to identify. Some were largely external to the US itself, most notably in the ‘rise’ of China and India, along with the striking - if less impressive - economic growth and development records of emerging market economies across Asia, Africa and Latin America, and the continuing expansion and deepening of the EU. Less congenial, but no less consequential, were the resurgence of autocratic states, such as Russia, Iran and Venezuela, whose energy-driven revenues and ambitious international plans boded ill for US strategic interests and authority in distinct regions of the world. Still other factors driving the eclipse of the long established ‘American Era’2 were fundamentally internal to the US. In the longer term, these reflected certain structural weaknesses in the US economy, not least the woeful savings-to-consumption ratio of the spendthrift American consumer, the seemingly persistent budget and trade deficits and the incessant growth of non-discretionary items in the federal budget, most importantly entitlement programmes, such as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. Balancing these concerns would be one of the central budgetary concerns of the political debate in 2011, as the two sides of the US political divide sought to find a way to ensure the US did not default on its debt by congressionally raising its overall ceiling. In the shorter term, a series of costly policy errors and grievous diplomatic mistakes by the administration of George W. Bush - most vividly, but hardly uniquely, in the Iraq War of 2003 and the subsequent occupation - were seen to have compounded the longer term frailties of the US and left it ‘overstretched’ abroad and divided at home. As a fitting parting gift to his compatriots and the world, Bush’s hesitant response to the initial pangs of the 2008 financial panic simply, in Walter Russell Mead’s words, ‘brought all that simmering anxiety to a boil, and the consensus now seems to be that the United States isn’t just in danger of decline, but in the full throes of it...'.3. © 2012 Selection and editorial material, Donette Murray and David Brown.},
references={Cox, M., Is the United States in Decline - Again? An Essay (2007) International Affairs, 83 (4), pp. 643-653; Zakaria, F., (2008) The Post-American World, , New York: W.W. Norton & Co; Haass, R.N., The Age of Nonpolarity: What will follow US dominance (2008) Foreign Affairs, 87 (3), pp. 18-43; Lieber, R., (2007) The American Era: Power and Strategy in the 21st Century, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Mead, W.R., Only Makes You Stronger: Why the recession bolstered America (2009) The New Republic, , 4 February; Mandelbaum, M., (2005) The Case for Goliath: How America acts as the World’s Government in the 21st Century, , New York: PublicAffairs; Schlesinger, A., Jr., (1986) The Cycles of American History, , New York: Houghton Mifflin; Brooks, S.G., Wohlforth, W.C., Reshaping the World Order: How Washington Should Reform International Institutions (2009) Foreign Affairs, 88 (2), p. 54; Cox, M., Empire? The Bush Doctrine and the Lessons of History (2004) American Power in the 21st Century, pp. 21-51. , David Held and Mathias Koenig-Archibugi (eds), Cambridge: Polity Press; Ferguson, N., (2004) Colossus: The Price of America’s Empire, , New York: Penguin Books; Kissinger, H., (2001) Does America Need a Foreign Policy? Toward a Diplomacy for the 21st Century, p. 17. , New York: Simon and Schuster; Kennedy, P., The Colossus with an Achilles Heel (2001) New Perspectives Quarterly, , www.digitalnpq.org/archive/2001_fall/colossus.html, Autumn; Kennedy, P., (1987) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, , New York: Random House; Darwin, J., (2008) After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400-2000, p. 485. , London: Penguin Books; Albright, M., (2004) Madame Secretary: A Memoir, , London: Pan; Kupchan, C., (2002) The End of the American Era: US Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-first Century, , New York: Random House; Wallerstein, I., The Eagle Has Crash Landed (2002) Foreign Policy, 131, pp. 60-68; Ceaser, J.W., (1997) Reconstructing America: The Symbol of America in Modern Thought, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Roger, P., (2005) The American Enemy: The History of French Anti-Americanism, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Markovits, A.S., (2007) Uncouth Nation: Why Europe Dislikes America, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Hacker, A., (1970) The End of the American Era, , New York: Macmillan; Calleo, D.P., (1987) Beyond American Hegemony, , New York: Basic Books; Wolf, M., Seeds of its own destruction (2009) The Financial Times, p. 13. , 9 March; Buzan, B., A Leader Without Followers? The United States in World Politics after Bush (2008) International Politics, 45 (5), p. 566; Lieber, R., Persistent Primacy and the future of the American Era (2009) International Politics, 46 (2-3), p. 121; Donnelly, T., You cannot outlast us (2009) The Daily Standard, , www.aei.org/article/29216, 20 January; Obama, B., Inaugural Address by President Barack Obama on 24 January 2009, , www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/President_Barack_Obamas_Inaugural_Address/; Obama, B., Presidential Address to the Joint Session of Congress on 24 February 2009, , www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-of-President-Barack-Obama-Address-to-Joint-Session-of-Congress/; Lynch, T.J., Singh, R.S., (2008) After Bush: The Case For Continuity in American Foreign Policy, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Campbell, K., O’Hanlon, M., (2006) Hard Power: The New Politics of National Security, p. 4. , New York: Perseus Books; Daalder, I., Kagan, R., America and the Use of Force: Sources of Legitimacy (2008) Bridging the Foreign Policy Divide: Liberals and Conservatives Find Common Ground on 10 Key Global Challenges, p. 7. , Derek Chollet, Tod Lindberg and David Shorr (eds), New York: Routledge; Everts, P., Isneria, P., (2001) Public Opinion and the International Use of Force, , London: Routledge; Feaver, P.D., Gelpi, C., (2004) Choosing Your Battles: American Civil-Military Relations and the Use of Force, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Brooks, S.G., Wohlforth, W.C., (2008) World Out Of Balance: International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Walt, S., (2005) Taming American Power: The Global Response to US Primacy, , New York: W.W. Norton & Co; Lieber, K.A., Alexander, G., Waiting for balancing: Why the world is not pushing back (2005) International Security, 30 (1), pp. 109-139; Nye, J.S., Jr., (2004) Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, , New York: PublicAffairs; Schiffler, M., Schmitt, G., Keeping Tabs on China’s Rise (2008) Bridging the Foreign Policy Divide: Liberals and Conservatives Find Common Ground on 10 Key Global Challenges, p. 103. , Derek Chollet, Tod Lindberg and David Shorr (eds), New York: Routledge; Schmitt, G.J., (2009) The Rise of China: Essays on the Future Competition, , New York: Encounter Books; Ikenberry, J.G., The Rise of China and the Future of the West: Can the liberal system survive? (2008) Foreign Affairs, 87 (1), p. 36; Cha, V., Winning Asia (2007) Foreign Affairs, 86 (6), p. 100; Haas, M., A Geriatric Peace: The Future of US Power in a World of Aging Populations (2007) International Security, p. 32; Pei, M., Think Again: Asia’s Rise (2009) Foreign Policy, 173, p. 36; Lieber, R., Falling Upwards: Declinism, the Box Set (2008) World Affairs Journal, , www.worldaffairsjournal.org/2008%20-%20Summer/full-Lieber.html, Summer; Layne, C., Thayer, B., (2007) American Empire: A Debate, pp. 106-107. , New York: Routledge; Sylvan, D., Majeski, S., (2009) US Foreign Policy in Perspective: Clients, enemies and empire, , New York: Routledge; Mandelbaum, The Case For Goliath, p. 226},
correspondence_address1={Singh, R.; Birkbeck, United Kingdom},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136461088; 9780415475471},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Multipolarity in the 21st Century: A New World Order},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sell2012141,
author={Sell, S.K.},
title={GATT and the WTO},
journal={Handbook on International Political Economy},
year={2012},
pages={141-156},
doi={10.1142/9789814366984_0010},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973429648&doi=10.1142%2f9789814366984_0010&partnerID=40&md5=aceb3e30ad53f5c72bfa8acd2732293f},
affiliation={Institute for Global and International Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={The hallmarks of the global trading system are robust institutional evolution and increasing complexity. Built from the misery of the Great Depression and the ashes of World War Two, post-war planners designed the multilateral trading system to re-engage the world’s economies and yet still allow nations to preserve a significant measure of economic autonomy. The global trading system was enshrined in a compromise of ‘embedded liberalism’ (Ruggie, 2007). The ‘embedded’ aspect refers to the social bargain that reflected a Depression-era penchant for Keynesianinspired government stimulus spending and a commitment to full employment and social safety nets. The idea was to permit some measure of autonomy to cushion national economies from global market fluctuations. The ‘liberalism’ component reflects the rejection of the economic nationalism and imperialism that led to global war in favour of multilateralism, economic liberalism and integration. The foundational underpinnings of the post-war global trade regime were transparency, multilateral diplomacy, and re-integration of the global economy. The Soviet Union and its satellite nations were invited to join the Bretton Woods institutions (which also included the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), but declined. They established Eastern counterparts under COMECON instead. In that sense, the Bretton Woods institutions were less global than intended. © 2012 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.},
references={Benevisti, E., Downes, G., The empire’s new clothes: Political economy and the fragmentation of international law (2007) Stanford Law Review, 60 (2), p. 595; Dunoff, J., The WTO in transition: Of constituents, competence and coherence (2001) George Washington University International Law Review, 33 (3), p. 983; Kellow, A., Murphy, H., Democratic Accountability in Global Governance: Business and Civil Society in Multiple Arenas (2010) The Challenges of Global Business Authority, , T Porter and K Ronit (eds.). Albany: State University of New York Press; Odell, J., (2006) Negotiating Trade: Developing Countries in the WTO and NAFTA, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Oye, K., (1986) Cooperation under Anarchy., , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Ruggie, J., Global Markets and Global Governance: The Prospects for Convergence (2007) Global Liberalism and Political Order: Toward a New Grand Compromise?, , S. Bernstein and L Pauly (eds.). Albany: State University of New York Press; Sell, S., Prakash, A., Using ideas strategically: The contest between business and NGO networks in intellectual property rights (2004) International Studies Quarterly, 48, pp. 143-175; Shaffer, G., (2003) Defending Interests: Public-Private Partnerships in WTO Litigation, , Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution; Singh, J., (2008) Negotiation and the Global Information Economy, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Wilkinson, R., (2006) The WTO: Crisis and the Governance of Global Trade, , London: Routledge},
correspondence_address1={Sell, S.K.; Institute for Global and International Studies, United States},
publisher={World Scientific Publishing Co.},
isbn={9789814366984; 9814366978; 9789814366977},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Handb. on International Political Economy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sanchez-Sibony20121,
author={Sanchez-Sibony, O.},
title={Red globalization: The political economy of the soviet cold war from Stalin to Khrushchev},
journal={Red Globalization: The Political Economy of the Soviet Cold War from Stalin to Khrushchev},
year={2012},
volume={9781107040250},
pages={1-278},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781139628778},
note={cited By 74},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929669433&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781139628778&partnerID=40&md5=fb0e3794dfc24e3db502a1398ca0fab6},
affiliation={University of Macau, Macau},
abstract={Was the Soviet Union a superpower? Red Globalization is a significant rereading of the Cold War as an economic struggle shaped by the global economy. Oscar Sanchez-Sibony challenges the idea that the Soviet Union represented a parallel socio-economic construct to the liberal world economy. Instead he shows that the USSR, a middle-income country more often than not at the mercy of global economic forces, tracked the same path as other countries in the world, moving from 1930s autarky to the globalizing processes of the postwar period. In examining the constraints and opportunities afforded the Soviets in their engagement of the capitalist world, he questions the very foundations of the Cold War narrative as a contest between superpowers in a bipolar world. Far from an economic force in the world, the Soviets managed only to become dependent providers of energy to the rich world, and second-best partners to the global South. © Oscar Sanchez-Sibony 2014.},
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The Soviet Union in The Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev, , Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press},
correspondence_address1={Sanchez-Sibony, O.; University of MacauMacau},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139628778; 9781107040250},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Red Globalization: The Political Economy of the Soviet Cold War from Stalin to Khrushchev},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{James2012264,
author={James, H.},
title={International capital movements and the global order},
journal={The Cambridge History of Capitalism Volume 2: The Spread of Capitalism: From 1848 to the Present},
year={2012},
pages={264-300},
doi={10.1017/CHO9781139095105.009},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928279326&doi=10.1017%2fCHO9781139095105.009&partnerID=40&md5=620b92d50d71036c5b6805eaaf09e7e2},
affiliation={Princeton University, United States},
abstract={What is the relationship between the phenomenon of globalization and the free movement of capital? Is the world held together by capital flows, or do they produce such instability as to generate backlashes against global interconnectedness? Economists are divided on these questions. Whereas there is a broad agreement among economists about the beneficial consequences of trade flows, some of the most prominent and articulate voices in defense of free trade, Jagdhish Bhagwati and Joseph Stiglitz, have also been among the skeptics on capital liberalization (Bhagwati 2004). Capital flows, in the view of Stiglitz, generate such large waves as to upset the delicate rowing boats of small countries afloat on the sea of globalization (Stiglitz 1998). In order to answer these questions, this paper distinguishes the varieties of cross-border capital movements in the two modern eras or waves of globalization, from the mid-nineteenth century to World War I, and then again from the 1970s to 2007, as well as the capital market and financial developments that contributed to the catastrophic unraveling of globalization in the intervening period. The core of the paper is thus a chronology of the succession of phases: first, substantial and increasing movements – largely through the expansion of the bond market – in the interconnected global economy of the late nineteenth century (the era often characterized by its monetary arrangement: the gold standard); second, an attempt to revive the flows of the gold standard era but one which was more and more dominated by volatile hot money flows (the interwar era); third, a period in which there was relatively little (and relatively state-controlled or state-directed) international capital movement (again, usually named after its monetary arrangement, the Bretton Woods era); and fourth and finally, a loosening of controls and a return to substantial international capital mobility, without much of a formal monetary system or mechanism, the era in which the term “globalization” in its modern meaning was coined (modern globalization). © Cambridge University Press 2014.},
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Pissarides (eds.), University of Chicago Press; Ritschl, A., (2002) Deutschlands Krise Und Konjunktur 1924–1934: Binnenkonjunktur, Auslandsverschuldung Und Reparationsproblem Zwischen Dawes-Plan Und Transfersperre, , Berlin: Akademie Verlag; Rodrik, D., (2007) The Inescapable Trilemma of the World Economy, , http://rodrik.typepad.com/dani_rodriks_weblog/2007/06/the-inescapable.html; Siegel, J., For Peace and Money: International Finance and the Making and Unmaking of the Triple Entente; Stiglitz, J., Boats, planes and capital flows (1998) Financial Times, , March 25; Straumann, T., (2010) Fixed Ideas of Money: Small States and Exchange Rate Regimes in Twentieth-Century Europe, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Sussman, N., Yafeh, Y., Institutions, reforms and country risk: Lessons from japanese government debt in the meiji era (2000) Journal of Economic History, 60 (2), pp. 442-467; Taylor, A.J.P., (1963) English History 1914–1945, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Von Laue, T., (1963) Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia, , New York: Columbia University Press; Wilkins, M., Swiss investments in the united states 1914–1945 (1999) La Suisse Et Les Grandes Puissances, 1914–1945: Relations Économiques Avec Les Etats-Unis, La Grande Bretagne, L’Allemagne Et La France, pp. 1-139. , S. 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correspondence_address1={James, H.; Princeton UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139095105; 9781107019645},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Camb. History of Capitalism Volume 2: The Spread of Capitalism: From 1848 to the Present},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Oneal2012158,
author={Oneal, J.R.},
title={Transforming regional security through liberal reforms},
journal={International Relations Theory and Regional Transformation},
year={2012},
pages={158-180},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781139096836.010},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925655370&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781139096836.010&partnerID=40&md5=349bd81eaaaf45f64d22a1547d5b10a9},
abstract={Transforming regions into pluralistic security communities, moving from zones of war to stable zones of peace, has assumed increasing importance as the weapons of war have become more deadly. We have been fortunate thus far. Early predictions regarding the spread of nuclear weapons proved false. Far fewer states have acquired weapons of mass destruction than was feared in the 1960s when the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was being negotiated, and there were notable cancellations of the nuclear programs of Argentina, Brazil, and South Africa. It cannot be assumed, however, that this good luck will continue, as news regarding Iran and North Korea indicates; and the war centered on the Congo shows that even conventional weaponry can be terribly lethal. It is important, therefore, to identify means of preventing military conflict. The end of the Cold War provides an opportune time to address this issue. In this chapter I use the liberal-realist model (LRM) of armed interstate conflict to identify the most promising means for transforming regions into zones of peace. The LRM is derived from social scientific research conducted over the past twenty years on the causes of militarized disputes and war. Earlier quantitative investigations proved disappointing. Studies in the 1970s of neorealist claims regarding the effect of the distribution of capabilities among the major powers were contradictory, and research on the greater peacefulness of democratic states was inconclusive. Many despaired of applying scientific methods to the study of international politics. There has been rapid progress in the last two decades, however, in statistical research on the causes of war by examining the behavior of many pairs of states through time. Stuart Bremer’s work with the LRM was path-breaking. Here, following Bremer’s lead, I analyze time series for over 12,000 pairs of states, 1885–2001, using the same techniques employed by medical epidemiologists. The results confirm that democracy and economic interdependence have important pacific benefits. Major elements of realism are also supported, but they do not provide a path to peace. Finally, I show that alternative explanations of interstate conflict – the clash of civilizations and hegemonic stability theory – are not consistent with systematic analyses of world history over the past one hundred years and more. The best hope for world peace is to continue to encourage liberal reforms: the institution of democracy and nations’ participation in the global economy. Fortunately, globalization has rapidly advanced in recent decades, and the prospects for continued expansion look good. © Cambridge University Press 2012.},
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publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139096836; 9781107020214},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Relations Theory and Regional Transformation},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kreps2012174,
author={Kreps, S. and Pasha, Z.},
title={Threats for peace? The domestic distributional effects of military threats},
journal={Sanctions, Statecraft, and Nuclear Proliferation},
year={2012},
pages={174-208},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511862380.009},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925609937&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511862380.009&partnerID=40&md5=fbdd0d568878d7d8cbe4398453220358},
affiliation={Cornell University, United States},
abstract={In June 2008, Israel’s Deputy Prime Minister, Shaul Mofaz, promised, “If Iran continues its programme to develop nuclear weapons, we will attack it. The window of opportunity has closed. The sanctions are not effective. There will be no alternative but to attack Iran in order to stop the Iranian nuclear programme.” These threats echoed those made by US President George Bush in 2007 when he cautioned Iran that developing nuclear weapons increased the prospects for World War III, a reference to the willingness to use military force if Iran developed nuclear weapons. As Alexander George notes in his study of coercive diplomacy – defined as threats of force to persuade another state to stop a particular action – “actions do not always speak louder than words.” Rather, they may both be important in achieving diplomatic goals especially when those threats are viewed as credible. But do threatening words or actions work? Can military threats against a suspected proliferator actually cause the state to reconsider its nuclear program? This chapter answers those questions by looking at the domestic distributional effects of threats against nuclear programs. Whereas other studies of coercive diplomacy look at a state’s incentive structures more broadly, this one takes into account the theoretical expectation that domestic coalitions may respond differently to the same outside threats. In particular, we discuss a causal mechanism showing how different coalition types may have different interests in integrating with the global economy that might make them more or less likely to respond to outside threats in a manner favorable to the threatening state. Not only may certain pressuring strategies not work with particular domestic coalitions, these strategies might actually be counterproductive, playing into the hands of coalitions that have an interest in isolating the country from the global economy and thus making denuclearization less likely. Whereas previous studies of coercive diplomacy effectively “black boxed” the state, this analysis assumes that the domestic political environment conditions the incentive structures and likelihood that the target state will respond to the political objectives – in this case denuclearization – of the “sender” state. © Cambridge University Press 2012.},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511862380; 9781107010444},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sanctions, Statecraft, and Nuclear Prolif.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Murakami20121,
author={Murakami, K.},
title={Discursive psychology of remembering and reconciliation},
journal={Discursive Psychology of Remembering and Reconciliation},
year={2012},
pages={1-201},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892246290&partnerID=40&md5=6e1ee059ac7ac0b1ba59b7c55d2c7ad8},
affiliation={Centre for Sociocultural and Activity Theory Research, Department of Education, University of Bath, United Kingdom},
abstract={Since the end of the Second World War over half a century ago, Japan has re-established a high profile membership within the global economy and international community of politics and diplomacy, although experiences of the War remain a live issue to many. The Japanese Emperor's state visit prompted a re-examination of war responsibility, restitution and reparation and apology concerning the Japanese military aggression and atrocities perpetrated during the Second World War and the period leading up to it. As a point of departure of this book, the author asks what it is to remember and to forget the past and how people's understanding and memories of the past shape the way they handle the issue of war responsibility. In this book, the author aims to examine reconciliation, and other related issues of the consequences of the war and post-war conflict as a discursive practice of remembering. © 2007 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved.},
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Oxford: Blackwell; Harré, R., van Langenhove, L., Positioning theory: Moral contexts of international action (1998), Blackwell Publishers; Henriques, J., Hollway, W., Urwin, C., Venn, C., Walkerdine, V., Changing the subject: Psychology, social regulation and subjectivity (1984), London: Methuen; Hollway, W., Gender difference and the production of subjectivity (1984) Changing the subject: Psychology, social regulation and subjectivity, pp. 227-263. , In J. Henriques, W. Hollway, C. Urwin, L. Venn and V. Walkerdine (Eds.), London: Methuen; Holmes, J., Introduction to sociolinguistics (1992), Harlow, Essex: Longman; Holt, E., Reporting on talk: Direct reported speech in conversation (1996) Research on language and social interaction, 29 (3), pp. 219-245; Humphrey, M., Politics of atrocity and reconciliation: From terror to trauma (2002), London: Routledge; Ide, R., 'Sorry for your kindness': Japanese interactional ritual in public discourse (1998) Journal of pragmatics, 29, pp. 509-529; Labov, W., Language in the inner city: Studies in the black english vernacular (1972), Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; Labov, W., Waletzky, J., Narrative analysis (1967) Essays on the verbal and visual arts, pp. 12-44. , In J. Helm (Ed.), Seattle: Washington University Press; Lavie, S., Swedenburg, T., Displacement, diaspora, and geographies of identity (1996), Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Leudar, I., Antaki, C., Discourse participation, reported speech and research practices in social psychology (1996) Theory and psychology, 6 (1), pp. 5-29; Lucy, J.A., Reflexive language and the human disciplines (1993), In J. A. Lucy (Ed.), Reflexive language: Reported speech and metapragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Murakami, K., Positioning in accounting for redemption and reconciliation (2007) Culture and psychology, 13 (4), pp. 431-452. , doi: 10.1177/1354067X07082803]; Murata, K., Has he apologized or not?: A cross-cultural misunderstanding between the uk and japan on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of vj day in britain (1998) Pragmatics, 8 (4), pp. 501-513; Myers-Scotton, C., Code-switching (1997) The handbook of sociolinguistics, pp. 217-237. , In F. Coulmas (Ed.), Oxford: Blackwell; Nelson, B.S., Post-war trauma and reconciliation in bosnia-herzegovina: Observations, experiences, and implications for marriage and family therapy (2003) The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31 (4), pp. 305-316. , doi: 10.1080/01926180390201990; Norval, A.J., Memory, identity and the (im)possibility of reconciliation: The work of the truth and reconciliation commission in south africa (1998) Constellations, 5, p. 2; Patterson, M., Reconciliation as a continuing and differentiated process (2001) The Journal of the International Institute, 9, p. 2; Potter, J., Representing reality (1996), London: Sage; Potter, J., Discourse analysis and discursive psychology (2003) Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodology and design, pp. 73-94. , In P. M. Camic, J. E. Rhodes and L. Yardley (Eds.), Washington, DC, USA: American Psychological Association; Potter, J., Wetherell, M., Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour (1987), London: Sage Publications; Pratt, A., Elder, C., Ellis, C., 'Papering over the differences': Australian nationhood and the normative discourse of reconciliation (2001) Reconciliation, multiculturalism, identities: Difficult dialogues, sensible solutions, pp. 135-147. , In M. Kalantzis and B. Cope (Eds.), Altona, Victoria: Common Ground Publishing; Sacks, H., On doing-being ordinary" (1984) Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis, pp. 413-429. , In J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Sacks, H., Lectures on conversation (edited by Gail Jefferson; introduction by Emanuel A (1992), Schegloff). Oxford: Blackwell; Said, E., Orientalism (1978), New York: Vintage Books; Saxon, A., Whiteness and reconciliation: A discursive analysis (2004) Australian Psychologist,, 39 (1), pp. 14-23. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050060410001660407, doi:; Schiffrin, D., Tannen, D., Hamilton, H.E., The handbook of discourse analysis (2003), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; Schrager, S., What is social in oral history? (1983) International journal of oral history, 4, pp. 76-98. , June; Staub, E., Pearlman, L.A., Gubin, A., Hagengimana, A., Healing, reconciliation, forgiving and the prevention of violence after genocide or mass killing: An intervention and its experimental evaluation in rwanda (2005) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24 (3), pp. 297-334. , doi: 10.1521/jscp.24.3.297.65617; Swartz, L., Drennan, G., The cultural construction of healing in the truth and reconciliation commission: Implications for mental health practice (2000) Ethnicity and Health, 5 (3-4), pp. 205-213; Tavuchis, N., Mea culpa: Sociology of apology and reconciliation (1991), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Thelen, D., How the truth and reconciliation commission challenges the ways we use history (2002) South African Historical Journal, 47, pp. 162-190. , Nov; Wetherell, M., Taylor, S., Yates, S.J., Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (2001), London: Sage (in association with The Open University); Wooffitt, R., Telling tales of the unexpected: The organisation of factual discourse (1992), Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatleaf; Brockmeier, J., Remembering and forgetting: Narrative as cultural memory (2002) Culture and psychology, 1, pp. 15-44; Brockmeier, J., After the archive: Remapping memory (2010) Culture and Psychology, 16 (1), pp. 5-35. , doi: 10.1177/1354067X09353212; Brown, S.D., Middleton, D., Lightfoot, G., Performing the past in electronic archives: Interdependencies in the discursive and non-discursive ordering of institutional rememberings (2001) Culture and psychology, 7 (2), pp. 123-144; Bruner, J.S., Acts of meaning (1990), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Bruner, J.S., Life as narrative (1990) Social research, 54, pp. 11-32; Buruma, I., Wages of guilt: Memories of war in germany and japan (1994), London: Jonathan Cape; Butler, R.N., The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged (1963) Psychiatry, 26 (65-76), pp. 281-294; Coleman, P.G., Measuring reminiscence characteristics from conversation as adaptive features of old age (1974) International journal of ageing and human development, 5, pp. 281-294; Coleman, P.G., Creating a life story: The task of reconciliation (1999) The gerontologist, 39 (2), pp. 133-139; Harré, R., Gillet, G., The discursive mind (1994), Thousand Oaks, USA: Sage; Latour, B., Pandora's hope: Essays on the reality of science studies (1999), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Latour, B., Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network theory (2005), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Law, J., A sociology of monsters: Essays on power, technology and domination (1991), London: Routledge; Middleton, D., Brown, S.D., The social psychology of experience: Studies in remembering and forgetting (2005), London: Sage; Murakami, K., History as a dynamic process: Reanalysing a case of anglo-japanese reconciliation (2012) History education and the construction of national identities, , In M. Carreterro, M. Asensio and M. Rodriguez-Moneo (Eds.), Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pubishing; Murakami, K., Time for memory: Beyond spatial metaphors? (2012) Culture and Psychology, 18 (1), pp. 3-13. , doi: 10.1177/1354067X11427468; Murakami, K., Middleton, D., Grave matters: Collectivity and agency as emergent effects (2006) Ethos, 34 (2), pp. 273-296; Narvaez, R.F., Embodiment, collective memory and time Body and Society (2006), 12 (3), pp. 51-73. , doi: 10.1177/1357034X06067156; Norval, A.J., Memory, identity and the (im)possibility of reconciliation: The work of the truth and reconciliation commission in south africa (1998) Constellations, 5, p. 2; Pratt, A., Elder, C., Ellis, C., (2001) Reconciliation, multiculturalism, identities: difficult dialogues, sensible solutions, pp. 135-147. , In M. Kalantzis and B. Cope (Eds.), Altona, Victoria, Common Ground Publishing; Sabat, S.R., Harré, R., The construction and deconstruction of self in alzheimer's disease (1992) Ageing and society, 12, pp. 443-461; Sondage, S.A., A marble house divided: The lincoln memorial, the civil rights movement, and the politics of memory (1993) Journal of American history, 80 (1), pp. 135-167; Sutton, J., Memory and the extended mind: Embodiment, cognition, and culture (2005) Cognitive Processing, 6 (4), pp. 223-226. , doi: 10.1007/s10339-005-0022-x; Sutton, J., Introduction to the special section: The extended mind and the foundations of cognitive science Cognitive Processing (2006), 7 (1), pp. 1-2. , doi: 10.1007/s10339-005-0027-5; Wetherell, M., Potter, J., Mapping the language of racism: Discourse and the legitimation of exploitation (1992), New York: Harvester Wheatleaf; Young, J.E., The biography of a memorial icon: Nathan rapoport's warsaw ghetto monument (1989) Representations, 26, pp. 69-106. , Spring; Young, J.E., Texture of memory: Holocaust memorials and meaning (1993), New Heaven: Yale University Press},
correspondence_address1={Murakami, K.; Centre for Sociocultural and Activity Theory Research, United Kingdom},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781620817957},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Discursive Psychol. of Remembering and Reconciliation},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hontyová20121059,
author={Hontyová, K. and Ivanová, P.},
title={Theoretical and practical solutions to the actual problems of the current global economic crisis [Aktuálne problémy globálnej hospodárskej krízy a ich možné teoretické i praktické riešenie]},
journal={Ekonomicky casopis},
year={2012},
volume={60},
number={10},
pages={1059-1078},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873666181&partnerID=40&md5=7acd8e551667aa394fd8fe118736caae},
affiliation={Ekonomická univerzita v Bratislave, Národohospodárska fakulta, Katedra Ekonomickej teórie, Dolnozemská 1, 852 35 Bratislava 5, Slovakia},
abstract={The current global economic crisis is peculiar in many aspects. One of the key ones is the cumulating of more crisis phenomena at the same particular time (virtualization of the financial sector, polarization of wealth and poverty in society, immense increase of the moral gamble, but also unsustainable level of living standard, debt crisis, increase in arms expenses, wars, climate changeś effects etc.). Both theory and practice talk about globalization, however, in reality, both theory and practices remain bound to the national level. The ethical dimension, inhibition of corruption, removal of inefficiency in the public sector as well as new forms of regulations all create the necessary base for solutions to these problems.},
author_keywords={Economic cycle;  Economic praxis;  Economic theory;  Employment;  Ethics;  Fiscal politics;  Global economic crisis;  Innovation;  Monetary politics;  Moral gamble},
keywords={economic cycle;  economic theory;  employment;  ethics;  financial crisis;  global economy;  morality},
references={Friedman, G., (2011) The Next Decade: Where We've Been⋯ and Where We're Going, , New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53294-5; Gärtne, R., (2012) Shadow Economic and Enterprise Economic, , London: MacKinsey; Hontyová, K., Dlhová kríza a ekonomický rast (2011) Ekonomická Teória a Ekonomická Realita, , [Elektronický zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie.] Bratislava: Katedra ekonomickej teórie NHF EU v Bratislave. ISBN 978-80-225-3286-0; Chen, C., (2009) Chinašfs Integration with the Global Economy: WTO Accession, , Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade. Cheltenham, UK . Northampton, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing; (2010) Global Change in the Saving in Global Economy, , ILO Geneva: International Labour Organization, jun; Ivanova, P., Etika a ekonomia v kontexte duchovnych zdrojov rozvoja (2011) Recources of the Slovak Republics as a Factor of Development Strategies in Europan and Global Space, , IVANI.- KA, K. et al. [Monografia.] Bratislava: Centrum europskych .tudii. ISBN 978-80- 225-3204-4; Ivanova, P., Etika a ekonomia (2011) Globalna Kriza a Obnovenie Globalnej Rovnovahy, , STAN.K, P. a IVANOVA, P. Bratislava: Vydavate.stvo Ekonom. ISBN 978-80-225- 3197-9; Ivanova, P., Hospodarsky cyklus v kontexte inovacii a zamestnanosti a su.asna globalna kriza (2011) Elektronicky Zbornik Prispevkov z Medzinarodnej Vedeckej Konferencie, , Ekonomicka Teoria a Ekonomicka Realita (ETER Bratislava: Katedra ekonomickej teorie NHF EU v Bratislave. ISBN 978-80-225-3286-0; Larosiere, J.D., (2009) The High-Level Group on Financial Supervision in the EU, , Report. Brussels: Secretariat of the Group; Mackinsey, (2012) Korupcia v lenskych krajinach Europskej unie, , Brusel; (2008) Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, , NIC Washington, DC: National Intelligence Council. ISBN 978-0-16-081834-9; (2012), http://www.project-syndicate.org/, PROJECT SYNDICATE; Reihart, C.M., Rogoff, K.S., (2009) This Time is Different, , Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-5-9049 46-02-9; Rogoff, K.S., Coronary capitalism (2012) Project Syndicate, , http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/coronary-capitalism; (2012) Global Change in the Banking Sector BIS, , Sprava BIS Geneva: Bank for International Settlements; (2012) Brusel, , Sprava Eurostatu; Stan, K.P., (2010) Globalna Krizazhrozba Alebo Vyzva?, , Bratislava: Sprint dva. ISBN 987-80- 89393-24-4; Stanzk, P., Globalna kriza a problemy eurozony (2011) Determinanty Ekonomickeho Rastu a Konkurencieschopnosti: Vyzvy a Prilezitosti, , WORKIE, T. M. a kol. [Monografia.] Bratislava: EU SAV. ISBN 978-80-7144-187-8; Stiglitz, J.E., Sen, A., Fitoussi, J.-P., (2010) Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, , http://www.stiglitzsen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf, Paris. Dostupne na; (2012) Corruption in the EU, , Transparency International and Eurostat Brusel; (2012) Population of the World, , WB Washington, DC: The World Bank; (2012) London, , http://www.weforum.org/, World Economic Forum},
correspondence_address1={Hontyová, K.; Ekonomická univerzita v Bratislave, Národohospodárska fakulta, Katedra Ekonomickej teórie, Dolnozemská 1, 852 35 Bratislava 5, Slovakia; email: kajetana.hontyova@euba.sk},
publisher={Slovak Academic Press Ltd},
issn={00133035},
language={Czech},
abbrev_source_title={Ekon. Cas.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Biro201286,
author={Biro, A.},
title={Water wars by other means: Virtual water and global economic restructuring},
journal={Global Environmental Politics},
year={2012},
volume={12},
number={4},
pages={86-103},
doi={10.1162/GLEP_a_00141},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867413628&doi=10.1162%2fGLEP_a_00141&partnerID=40&md5=2511fd9e5bc3fd773109c623661ba3da},
keywords={economic planning;  economic structure;  environmental politics;  global economy;  virtual reality;  war;  water planning},
references={Aldaya Maite., M., Anthony, A.J., Hoekstra, A.Y., Strategic Importance of Green Water in International Crop Trade (2009) Ecological Economics, 69 (4), pp. 887-894; Allan, Anthony, J., Policy Responses to the Closure of Water Resources: Regional and Global Issues (1996) Water Policy: Allocation and Management In Practice, pp. 3-12. , edited by Peter Howsam and Richard Carter, Cranaeld, UK: Chapman &amp; Hall; Allan, Anthony, J., (1997), http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/aln02/, Virtual Water': A Long Term Solution for Water Short Middle Eastern Economies? SOAS Water Issues Study Group Occasional Paper September 1997. Available at accessed 21 April 2011; Allan, Anthony, J., Virtual Water: A Strategic Resource (1998) Ground Water, 36 (4), pp. 545-546; Allan, Anthony, J., Hydro-Peace In the Middle East: Why No Water Wars? A Case Study of the Jordan River Basin (2002) SAIS Review, 22 (2), pp. 255-272; Bakker, K., (2010) Privatizing Water: Governance Failure and The World's Urban Water Crisis, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Chapagain, A.K., Hoekstra, A.Y., Water Footprints of Nations (2004) Value of Water Research Report Series, , Delft, Netherlands: UNESCO-IHE; Chapagain, A.K., Hoekstra, A.Y., Savenije, H.H.G., Saving Water Through Global Trade (2005) Value of Water Research Report Series, , Delft, Netherlands: UNESCO-IHE; Davis, M., Planet of Slums: Urban Involution and the Informal Proletariat (2004) New Left Review, 26, pp. 5-34; de Fraiture, Charlotte, X.C., Amarasinghe, U., Rosegrant, M., Molden, D., (2004) Does International Cereal Trade Save Water? the Impact of Virtual Water Trade On Global Water Use, , Comprehensive Assessment Research Report 4., Colombo, Sri Lanka: Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat; Duménil, G., Levy, D., The Economics of US Imperialism at the Turn of the 21st Century (2004) Review of International Political Economy, 11 (4), pp. 657-676; El-Sadek, A., Virtual Water Trade as a Solution for Water Scarcity in Egypt (2010) Water Resources Management, 24 (11), pp. 2437-2448; Foucault, M., (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, pp. 78-108. , Two Lectures. In, edited by Colin Gordon, New York: Pantheon; Gleick, P.H., (2002) Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths From Water-Related Diseases, pp. 2000-2020. , Paciac Institute Research Report. Oakland, CA: Paciac Institute for Development, Environment, and Security; Gleick, P.H., (2009) The World's Water, pp. 2008-2009. , The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Washington: Island Press; Graffy, E.A., Expert Forecasts and the Emergence of Water Scarcity on Public Agendas (2006) Society & Natural Resources, 19 (5), pp. 465-472; Hinrichson, D., Robey, B., Upadhyay, U.D., (1997) Solutions For a Water Short World. Population Reports, , Series M, No. 14. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information Program; Hoekstra, A.Y., Hung, P.Q., Globalisation of Water Resources: International Virtual Water Flows in Relation to Crop Trade (2005) Global Environmental Change Part A, 15 (1), pp. 45-56; Kumar, M.D., Singh, O.P., Virtual Water in Global Food and Water Policy Making: Is There a Need for Rethinking? (2005) Water Resources Management, 19 (6), pp. 759-789; Liu, J., Zehnder, A.J.B., Yang, H., Global Consumptive Water Use for Crop Production: The Importance of Green Water and Virtual Water (2009) Water Resources Research, 45 (5), pp. W05428; Luke, T.W., Environmentality as Green Governmentality (1999) Discourses of the Environment, pp. 121-151. , edited by Eric Darier, Oxford: Blackwell; Mariss, E., More Crop per Drop (2008) Nature, 452 (7185), pp. 273-277; Matz, M., The Right (?) of Access (?) to Water Supply and Sanitation: A Polemic about Mixing Issues (2006) Stockholm Water Front, 2006 (4), pp. 10-11; McGuire, V.L., Johnson, M.R., Schieffer, R.L., Stanton, J.S., Sebree, S.K., Verstraeten, I.M., (2003) Water In Storage and Approaches to Ground-Water Management, High Plains Aquifer, p. 2000. , Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey; Murphy, S., Lilliston, B., Lake, M.B., Minneapolis, MN: Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. OECD [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development]. 2006. Virtual Solution (2005) WTO Agreement On Agriculture: A Decade of Dumping, 254, p. 52; Polaski, S., (2006), http://www.carnegieendowment.org/les/naftawrittentestimony.pdf, The Employment Consequences of NAFTA (Testimony Submitted to the Senate Subcommitttee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available at, accessed 21 April 2011; Roth, D., Warner, J., Virtual Water: Virtuous Impact? The Unsteady State of Virtual Water (2008) Agriculture and Human Values, 25 (2), pp. 257-270; (2008), http://www.siwi.org/sa/node.asp?node25, SIWI [Stockholm International Water Institute], "Virtual Water" Innovator Awarded 2008 Stockholm Water Prize. Available at, accessed 21 April 2011; (2004) Water-More Nutrition Per Drop, , SIWI-IWMI [Stockholm International Water Institute-International Water Management Institute], Stockholm: Stockholm International Water Institute; Trottier, J., Water Crises: Political Construction or Physical Reality (2008) Contemporary Politics, 14 (2), pp. 197-214; (2012) Progress On Drinking Water and Sanitation Update, , UNICEF and World Health Organization, New York: United Nations; Warner, J., Johnson, C.L., Virtual Water'-Real People: Useful Concept or Prescriptive Tool? (2007) Water International, 32 (1), pp. 63-77; Watts, M.J., (1983) Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry In Northern Nigeria, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Wichelns, D., The Virtual Water Metaphor Enhances Policy Discussions Regarding Scarce Resources (2005) Water International, 30 (4), pp. 428-437; Williams, E.D., Ayres, R.U., Heller, M., The 1.7 Kilogram Microchip: Energy and Material Use in the Production of Semiconductor Devices (2002) Environmental Science and Technology, 36 (24), pp. 5504-5510; Wolf Aaron., T., The Present and Future of Transboundary Water Management (2003) Rethinking Water Management: Innovative Approaches to Contemporary Issues, pp. 164-179. , edited by Caroline M. Figueres, Cecilia Tortajade, and Johan Rockstrom, London: Earthscan; Wolf Aaron., T., Shared Waters: Conoict and Cooperation (2007) Annual Review of Environmental Resources, 32, pp. 241-269; (2003) Water For People Water For Life-UN World Water Development Report (Executive Summary), , WWAP [World Water Assessment Programme], Paris: UNESCO-World Water Assessment Programme; Yang, H., Zehnder, A., Virtual Water: An Unfolding Concept in Integrated Water Resources Management (2007) Water Resources Research, 43 (12), pp. W12301; Zhang, D., Laband, D., From Senators to the President: Solve the Lumber Problem or Else (2005) Public Choice, 123 (3-4), pp. 393-410},
correspondence_address1={Biro, A.},
publisher={MIT Press Journals},
issn={15263800},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Environ. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zellou2012171,
author={Zellou, A.M. and Cuddington, J.T.},
title={Is there evidence of supercycles in oil prices?},
journal={SPE Economics and Management},
year={2012},
volume={4},
number={3},
pages={171-181},
doi={10.2118/147227-PA},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866666729&doi=10.2118%2f147227-PA&partnerID=40&md5=e622598ac152302d99a677db6b6a9bc1},
affiliation={Colorado School of Mines, United States},
abstract={A number of authors have claimed that the strong upward movement in commodity prices since 2000 represents the early phase of a " supercycle" (SC) driven by the sustained rise in demand associated with industrialization and urbanization in Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC). Cuddington and Jerrett (2008) provide statistical evidence on the presence of SCs in metals prices, defining SCs as cyclical components between 20 and 70 years (trough to trough) by use of the assymetric Christiano-Fitzgerald (ACF) band-pass filter (BPF). The purpose of this paper is to address this question: Is there evidence of SCs in crude-oil prices? On one hand, one might expect the strong demand associated with industrialization and urbanization to affect energy prices in a way that is roughly similar to that for metals, as both are nonrenewable resources. On the other hand, the structure of the crude-oil market is quite different from that in other mineral markets, and that structure has changed rather dramatically over time. Our empirical analysis suggests that there is strong evidence of SCs in oil prices in the post-World War II (WWII) period, and their timing closely matches the SC timing in metals. It appears that the global economy is currently in an expansionary phase of an SC that started from a trough in 1996. For the pre-WWII period on the other hand, the evidence for oil-price SCs is weak. Possible explanations are: (1) oil was economically less important during European and North American industrialization episodes; (2) pervasive US regulation; (3) large supply-side shocks caused by new discoveries (e.g., in east Texas and later in the Middle East); and (4) periods of oligopolistic price-setting behavior. Copyright © 2012 Society of Petroleum Engineers.},
keywords={Bandpass filters;  Commerce;  Costs;  Military operations, Commodity prices;  Crude oil market;  Empirical analysis;  Global economies;  Non-renewable resource;  North American;  Statistical evidence;  Upward movement, Crude oil price},
references={Bennaceur, K., (2010) World Energy Congress, , http://www.energy2point0.com/2010/09/15/kamel-bennaceur-chief-economist- schlumbergerw/, 2010 interview. Energy2-point0, 15 September 2010, accessed May 2012; BP energy outlook 2030 (2011) Statistical Review of World Energy 2011, , http://www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do?categoryId=7500&contentId= 7068481, BP, accessed May 2012; Carter, S.B., Gartner, S.S., Haines, M.R., (2006) Historical Statistics of the United States, Earliest Times to the Present, Millennial Edition, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Christiano, L.J., Fitzgerald, T.J., The band pass filter (2003) International Economic Review, 44 (2), pp. 435-465. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00076; Comin, D., Gertler, M., Medium-term business cycles (2006) American Economic Review, 96 (3), pp. 523-551. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.523; Cuddington, J.T., Jerrett, D., Super Cycles in Real Metals Prices[ quest] (2008) IMF Staff Papers, 55 (4), pp. 541-565. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/imfsp.2008.19; Cuddington, J.T., Urzúa, C.M., Trends and cycles in the net barter terms of trade: A new approach (1989) The Economic Journal, 99 (396), pp. 426-442. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234034; Cuddington, J.T., Zellou, A.M., A simple mineral market model: Under what conditions will it produce super cycles in prices? (2012) Report, Division of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado; Cuddington, J.T., Ludema, R., Jayasuriya, S.A., Natural resources: Neither curse not destiny (2007) Prebisch-Singer Redux, , D. Lederman and W.F. Maloney. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press; Dvir, E., Rogoff, K.S., (2009) Three Epochs of Oil, , Working Paper No. 14927, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington, DC; (2012) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, , http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/, FRED: Federal Reserve Economic Data, accessed March 2012; Hamilton, J.D., (2011) Historical Oil Shocks, , Working Paper No. 16790, National Bureau of Economic Research, Washington, DC; Heap, A., (2005) China-The Engine of a Commodities Super Cycle, , http://www.fallstreet.com/Commodities_China_Engine0331.pdf, Research Report, Citigroup Global Markets/Smith Barney, Sydney, Australia (31 March 2005); Hotelling, H., The economics of exhaustible resources (1931) Journal of Political Economy, 39 (2), pp. 137-175. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/254195; (2010) World Economic Outlook, , http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/pdf/text.pdf, IMF. Recovery, Risk, and Rebalancing. World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC (October 2010); Jerrett, D., Cuddington, J.T., Broadening the statistical search for metal price super cycles to steel and related metals (2008) Resour. Policy, 33 (4), pp. 188-195. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.08.001; Jerrett, D.L., (2010) Trends and Cycles in Metals Prices, , PhD dissertation, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado; Kuznets, S., Modern economic growth: Findings and reflections (1973) The American Economic Review (AER), 63 (3), pp. 247-258; Tol, R.S.J., Pacala, S.W., Socolow, R., (2006) Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Usa, , http://ideas.repec.org/p/fem/femwpa/2006.107.html, Working Papers No. 2006.107, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy (August 2006); Yergin, D., The prize (1991) The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power., , New York: FreePress},
correspondence_address1={Zellou, A.M.; Colorado School of MinesUnited States},
publisher={Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)},
issn={21501173},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={SPE Eco. Manag.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{D'Costa2012147,
author={D'Costa, B.},
title={Bangladesh in 2011: Weak statebuilding and diffident foreign policy},
journal={Asian Survey},
year={2012},
volume={52},
number={1},
pages={147-156},
doi={10.1525/as.2012.52.1.147},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858400951&doi=10.1525%2fas.2012.52.1.147&partnerID=40&md5=a18968e7cbf98702c7341f7317554a64},
affiliation={Research School of Asia and the Pacific, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Australia},
abstract={Bangladesh has achieved some impressive social and developmental goals in its health and education sectors. It has also effectively dealt with the adversities caused by the downturn of the global economy, and focused on strengthening its military capabilities to protect its national interests. However, environmental issues, growing international scrutiny about a fair war crimes trial, human rights concerns, the India-Bangladesh border, and transit and water sharing arrangements remain key challenges. © 2012 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Displacement;  Economic diplomacy;  Environment;  Military;  Statebuilding},
keywords={diplomatic relations;  environmental issue;  foreign policy;  global economy;  human rights;  military government;  national politics;  political border;  political economy;  state building;  war, Bangladesh},
references={Carr, C., Shipbreaking: The informal sector's most hazardous job (2011) Searchlight South Asia, 2 (6), pp. 1-5. , June; Wangza, D.R., Constitutional reform and adivasis (2011) New Age (Dhaka), , June 30; (2011) Daily Star (Dhaka), , July 1; Bergman, D., Seeking justice for all: Redress for victims and fair trial for the accused (2011) New Age, , http://bangladeshwarcrimes.blogspot.com, November 11; (2008) World Population Prospects, , http://esa.un.org/unpp/p2k0data.asp, United Nations Population Fund (UNDP); (2011) Daily Sun (Dhaka), , February 16; (2011) Daily Star, , March 15; (2011), http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/07/26/bangladeshensure-fair-trials-mutiny- defendants, July 26; Ahmed, R., (2011) New Age (Dhaka), , editorial, June 5; http://www.rab.gov.bd/about_activities.php?v=0; Rashid, H.U., Teesta Water issue: A few hard facts (2012) Kathmandu Post (Nepal), , January 11; (2011) Jane's Defence Weekly, , November 17; (2011) Daily Star, , September 29; http://www.iom.ch/jahia/Jahia/bangladesh; (2011) Daily Star, , December 7; (2011) Daily Sun, , December 7; (2011) Myanmar Times (Yangon), , August 28; (2011) Financial Express (Dhaka), , July 29; http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5380.html#2011; (2011) Daily Star (Dhaka), , October 3},
correspondence_address1={D'Costa, B.; Research School of Asia and the Pacific, Australia; email: bina.dcosta@anu.edu.au},
issn={00044687},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Surv.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McKibbin2012124,
author={McKibbin, W.J. and Stoeckel, A.B.},
title={Global fiscal consolidation},
journal={Asian Economic Papers},
year={2012},
volume={11},
number={1},
pages={124-146},
doi={10.1162/ASEP_a_00126},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858268826&doi=10.1162%2fASEP_a_00126&partnerID=40&md5=7c5378b8a4b7f54a615997f9dab8a3f0},
affiliation={Research School of Economics, Australian National University, ANU College of Business and Economics, ACT 0200, Australia; Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Australian National University, ANU College of Business and Economics, ACT 0200, Australia},
abstract={The buildup in government debt in response to the great recession,© has raised a number of policy dilemmas for individual countries as well as the world as a whole. The recent need for a change of fiscal policy stance has fuelled debates about the impact of fiscal consolidation on domestic economies that are tightening, the flow-on effects to the world economy, and also about how much tightening there should be and how quickly it should happen. This paper explores these issues in a global framework focusing on the national and global consequences of coordinated fiscal consolidation. It explores the implications this fiscal adjustment might have on country risk premia and what happens if all countries coordinate their fiscal adjustment except the United States. A coordinated fiscal consolidation in the industrial world that is not accompanied by U.S. actions is likely to lead to a substantial worsening of trade imbalances globally as the release of capital in fiscally contracting economies flows into the U.S. economy, appreciates the U.S. dollar, and worsens the current account position of the United States. The scale of this change is likely to be sufficient to substantially increase the probability of a trade war between the United States and other economies. To avoid this outcome, a coordinated fiscal adjustment is clearly in the interest of the global economy. © 2012 The Earth Institute at Columbia University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.},
references={Allsop, C., McKibbin, W.J., Vines, D., (1999) Fiscal Consolidation in Europe: Some Empirical Issues, pp. 288-319. , Fiscal Aspects of European Monetary Integration Cambridge, edited by Andrew Hughes-Hallett, Michael Hutchison, and Jensen S. Hougaard,. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Blanchard, O., Fischer, S., (1989) Lectures on Macroeconomics, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Giavazzi, F., Pagano, M., (1990) Can Severe Fiscal Contractions Be Expansionary? Tales of Two Small European Countries, pp. 75-122. , In NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1990, edited by Olivier J. Blanchard and Stanley Fischer, volume 5,. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; (2010) World Economic and Financial Surveys IMF Fiscal Monitor: Navigating the Fiscal Challenges Ahead., , International Monetary Fund (IMF). Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund; Jorgenson, D.W., Wilcoxen, P.J., Environmental regulation and U.S. economic growth (1990) The Rand Journal, 21 (2), pp. 314-340; Lee, J.W., McKibbin, W.J., Park, Y.C., Transpaciac trade imbalances: Causes and cures (2006) World Economy, 29 (3), pp. 281-304; McKibbin, W.J., (1994) The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation in the OECD, , Policy Research Working Paper No. 1354.Washington, DC: The World Bank; McKibbin, W.J., Bagnoli, P., (1993) Fiscal Deacit Reduction: An Evaluation of Alternatives, , Brookings Discussion Paper in International Economics #101.Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; McKibbin, W.J., Pearce, D., Stegman, A., Climate change scenarios and long term projections (2009) Climatic Change, 97 (1-2), pp. 23-47; McKibbin, W.J., Sachs, J., (1991) Global Linkages: Macroeconomic Interdependence and Co-operation in the World Economy, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; McKibbin, W.J., Andrew, S.B., (2011) Fiscal Consolidation and Global Rebalancing, , CAMAWorking Paper No. 37/2011. Canberra: Centre for Applied Macroeconomics; McKibbin, W., Vines, D., Modelling reality: The need for both inter-temporal optimization and stickiness in models for policy-making (2000) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 16 (4), pp. 106-137; McKibbin, W.J., Wilcoxen, P.J., The theoretical and empirical structure of the g-cubed model (1999) Economic Modelling, 16, pp. 123-148; Obstfeld, M., Rogoff, K., (1996) Foundations of International Macroeconomics, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
correspondence_address1={McKibbin, W.J.; Research School of Economics, , ACT 0200, Australia; email: warwick.mckibbin@anu.edu.au},
issn={15353516},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian Econ. Pap.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Calleo20111,
author={Calleo, D.P.},
title={Rethinking Europe's future},
journal={Rethinking Europe's Future},
year={2011},
pages={1-381},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923963896&partnerID=40&md5=ee55fc4e0c44c195728c0db6f56068cf},
affiliation={Paul Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, United States},
abstract={Rethinking Europe's Future is a major reevaluation of Europe's prospects as it enters the twenty-first century. David Calleo has written a book worthy of the complexity and grandeur of the challenges Europe now faces. Summoning the insights of history, political economy, and philosophy, he explains why Europe was for a long time the world's greatest problem and how the Cold War's bipolar partition brought stability of a sort. Without the Cold War, Europe risks revisiting its more traditional history. With so many contingent factors--in particular Russia and Europe's Muslim neighbors--no one, Calleo believes, can pretend to predict the future with assurance. Calleo's book ponders how to think about this future. The book begins by considering the rival "lessons" and trends that emerge from Europe's deeper past. It goes on to discuss the theories for managing the traditional state system, the transition from autocratic states to communitarian nation states, the enduring strength of nation states, and their uneasy relationship with capitalism. Calleo next focuses on the Cold War's dynamic legacies for Europe--an Atlantic Alliance, a European Union, and a global economy. These three systems now compete to define the future. The book's third and major section examines how Europe has tried to meet the present challenges of Russian weakness and German reunification. Succeeding chapters focus on Maastricht and the Euro, on the impact of globalization on Europeanization, and on the EU's unfinished business--expanding into "Pan Europe," adapting a hybrid constitution, and creating a new security system. Calleo presents three models of a new Europe--each proposing a different relationship with the U.S. and Russia. A final chapter probes how a strong European Union might affect the world and the prospects for American hegemony. This is a beautifully written book that offers rich insight into a critical moment in our history, whose outcome will shape the world long after our time. © 2001 by The Century Foundation. All rights reserved.},
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American Policy in Europe and Asia (1998) World Policy Journal, 15 (1). , Spring; Restarting the Marxist Clock (1996) World Policy Journal, 13 (2). , Summer; Calleo, D.P., German 'Reunification': An American View (1989) Die Zeit, p. 7. , November 3; Jarausch, K., (1994) The Rush to German Unity, , New York: Oxford University Press; Judt, T., (1996) A Grand Illusion? An Essay on Europe, , New York: Hill & Wang; Merkl, P., (1993) German Unification in the European Context, , University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; Szabo, S.F., (1992) The Diplomacy of German Reunification, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Rice, C., Zelikow, P., (1995) Germany Unified and Europe Transformed, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard; Verheyen, D., Søe, C., (1993) The Germans and Their Neighbors, , San Francisco: Westview Press; Calleo, D.P., Jelitto, M., The New Germany in the New Europe (1995) SAIS Review, , Fall; Hanrieder, W.F., (1989) Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Joffe, J., The New Europe: Yesterday's Ghosts (1993) Foreign Affairs, 72 (1); (1993) Margaret Thatcher justified her fears of Germany in The Downing Street Years, pp. 792-798. , Among Europe's leaders, London: HarperCollins; Bush, G., (1998) A World Transformed, , New York: Knopf; Baker, J.A., (1995) The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace, 1989-1992, , New York: Putnam; Calleo, D.P., (1978) The German Problem Reconsidered, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Albertini, L., (1952) The Origins of the War of 1914, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Dehio, L., (1962) The Precarious Balance: Four Centuries of the European Power Struggle, , trans. Charles Fullman (New York: Knopf; Eyck, E., (1964) Bismarck and the German Empire, , New York: Norton; Fay, S.D., (1930) The Origins of the World War, , 2nd edition (New York, Macmillan; Fischer, F., (1967) Germany's Aims in the First World War, , New York: Norton; Jarausch, K., (1967) The Enigmatic Chancellor: Bethmann Hollweg and the Hubris of Imperial Germany, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Kissinger, H., (1994) Diplomacy, , New York: Simon & Schuster, ch. 5; Kehr, E., (1973) Battleship Building and Party Politics in Germany 1894-1901, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Koch, H.W., (1972) The Origins of the First World War: Great Power Rivalry and German War Aims, , New York: Taplinger; (1961) The Testament of Adolf Hitler, , ed. 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Unwin; Semmel, B., (1970) The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Thomson, D., (1965) England in the Twentieth Century, , Baltimore: Penguin; Taylor, A.J.P., (1954) The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848-1914, , Oxford: Clarendon, especially ch. 18; Monger, G., (1963) The End of Isolation, , New York: T. Nelson; Campbell, A.E., (1960) Great Britain and the United States, 1895-1903, , Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Perkins, B., (1969) The Great Rapprochement: England and the United States 1895-1914, , London: Victor Gollancz; Seton-Watson, R.W., (1938) Britain in Europe, 1789-1914, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Kennan, G.F., (1984) The Fateful Alliance: France, Russia and the Coming of the First World War, , New York: Pantheon Books; Streit, C., (1939) Union Now, , New York: Harper; Seeley, J.R., (1898) The Expansion of England, , London: University of Chicago Press; Calleo, D.P., Rowland, B.M., (1973) America in the World Political Economy, pp. 57-62. , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Middlemas, K., (1972) The Strategy of Appeasement, , Chicago: Quadrangle Books; Rock, W.R., (1977) British Appeasement in the 1930s, , New York: Norton; Newman, S.K., (1976) March 1939: The British Guarantee to Poland: A Study in the Continuity of British Foreign Policy, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Nicholas, H., (1963) Britain and the United States, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Northedge, F.S., (1962) British Foreign Policy: The Process of Adjustment, , London: Praeger; Xiang, L., (1995) Recasting the Imperial Far East: Britain and America in China, 1945-1950, , Armonk, NY: M. 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Somerset de Chair (London: Faber & Faber; Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonné, C.L.C., (1822) Memorial de Ste Hélène; Cronin, V., (1972) Napoleon Bonaparte, p. 448. , New York: Morrow, appendix A; Watkins, F.M., (1942) The Political Tradition of the West, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Dehio, L., (1948) The Precarious Balance, , New York: Knopf; Kennedy, P., (1987) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, , New York: Random House; Gilpin, R., (1981) War and Change in World Politics, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Rahe, P.A., (1992) Republics Ancient and Modern: Classical Republicanism and the American Revolution, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Burckhardt, J., (1890) The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, , trans. Samuel Middlemore (London: Sonnenschein; Pocock, J.G.A., (1975) The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Hume, D., Of the Balance of Power" and "Of the Balance of Trade (1987) Essays Moral, Political and Literary, , Indianapolis: Liberty Classics; Kissinger, H., (1994) Diplomacy, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Burckhardt, C.J., (1970) Richelieu and His Age, 3. , New York: Harcourt Brace; Ferrero, G., (1941) The Reconstruction of Europe, , trans. Theodore Jaeckel (New York: Putnam; Nicholson, H., (1946) The Congress of Vienna, , New York: Harcourt Brace; Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, P.B., (1973) The Correspondence of Prince Talleyrand and King Louis XVIII during the Congress of Vienna, , ed. M. G. Pallain (New York: Da Capo; Bernard, J.F., (1973) Talleyrand: A Biography, , New York: Putnam; Elkins, S.M., (1995) The Age of Federalism, , New York: Oxford University Press; Ketchum, R.L., (1990) James Madison, , Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press; Becker, C., (1942) The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas, , New York: Knopf; Braudel, F., (1979) Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, , London: Fontana Press; Wallerstein, I., (1991) Geopolitics and Geoculture: Essays on the Changing World-System, , Cambridge and New York, Paris: Cambridge University Press and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme; Horrocks, J.W., (1925) A Short History of Mercantilism, , London: Methuen; Heckscher, E.F., (1935) Mercantilism, , London: Allen & Unwin; Chivvis, C., Thomas Mun and England's Balance of Payments (1999), Manuscript, SAIS European Studies; Smith, A., (1776) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2. , ed. R. H. 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correspondence_address1={Calleo, D.P.; Paul Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Princeton University Press},
isbn={9781400824304; 0691090815; 9780691113678},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethink. Eur. Future},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Calleo2011,
author={Calleo, D.P.},
title={Rethinking Europe's future},
journal={Rethinking Europe's Future},
year={2011},
page_count={381},
note={cited By 50},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884066376&partnerID=40&md5=71f3606a4e6eff35566376b7649e5023},
abstract={Rethinking Europe's Futureis a major reevaluation of Europe's prospects as it enters the twenty-first century. David Calleo has written a book worthy of the complexity and grandeur of the challenges Europe now faces. Summoning the insights of history, political economy, and philosophy, he explains why Europe was for a long time the world's greatest problem and how the Cold War's bipolar partition brought stability of a sort. Without the Cold War, Europe risks revisiting its more traditional history. With so many contingent factors--in particular Russia and Europe's Muslim neighbors--no one, Calleo believes, can pretend to predict the future with assurance. Calleo's book ponders how to think about this future.The book begins by considering the rival ''lessons'' and trends that emerge from Europe's deeper past. It goes on to discuss the theories for managing the traditional state system, the transition from autocratic states to communitarian nation states, the enduring strength of nation states, and their uneasy relationship with capitalism. Calleo next focuses on the Cold War's dynamic legacies for Europe--an Atlantic Alliance, a European Union, and a global economy. These three systems now compete to define the future.The book's third and major section examines how Europe has tried to meet the present challenges of Russian weakness and German reunification. Succeeding chapters focus on Maastricht and the Euro, on the impact of globalization on Europeanization, and on the EU's unfinished business--expanding into ''Pan Europe,'' adapting a hybrid constitution, and creating a new security system. Calleo presents three models of a new Europe--each proposing a different relationship with the U.S. and Russia. A final chapter probes how a strong European Union might affect the world and the prospects for American hegemony. This is a beautifully written book that offers rich insight into a critical moment in our history, whose outcome will shape the world long after our time. © 2001 by The Century Foundation. All Rights Reserved.},
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Bell; Semmel, B., (1970) The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: Classical Political Economy, the Empire of Free Trade and Imperialism, 1750-1850, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Calleo, D.P., Rowland, B.M., (1973) America in the World Political Economy, p. 3. , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Locke, J., (1943) Second Treatise of Government, p. 13. , New York: Dutton; Calleo, D.P., (1966) Coleridge and the Idea of the Modern State, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Gellner, E., (1997) Nationalism, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Hobsbawm, E., (1990) Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Berlin, I., (1976) Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas, , New York: Viking Press; Mazzini, G., (1862) The Duties of Man, trans. E. A. Venturi, , London: Chapman & Hall; List, F., (1841) Das nationale System der politischen Oekonomie; Marx, K., Engels, F., (1937) The Communist Manifesto (1848), , New York: International Publishers; Heilbroner, R.L., (1980) Marxism, For and Against, , New York: Norton; Lenin, V.I., (1939) Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), , New York: International Publishers; Calleo, D.P., Restarting the Marxist Clock: The Economic Fragility of the West (1996) World Policy Journal, 13 (2). , Summer; Keynes, J.M., (1931) Essays in Persuasion, , London: Macmillan; Harrod, R.F., (1951) The Life of John Maynard Keynes, , New York: Harcourt, Brace; Gardner, R., (1980) Sterling Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: The Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order, , New York: Columbia University Press; Calleo, D.P., Rowland, B.M., (1973) America and the World Political Economy, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Frowen, S.F., (1997) Hayek: Economist and Social Philosopher: A Critical Retrospect, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Milward, A.S., (1984) The Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945-51, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Adams, W.J., (1986) Restructuring the French Economy, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Harper, J.L., (1986) America and the Reconstruction of Italy, 1945-1948, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Aldcroft, D.H., (1993) The European Economy 1914-1990, pp. 108-121. , London: Routledge; Rostow, W.W., (1978) The World Economy, History and Prospect, pp. 236-238. , London: University of Texas Press; Mayne, R., (1970) The Recovery of Europe: From Devastation to Unity, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson; Acheson, D., (1969) Present at the Creation, pp. 382-389. , New York: Norton; Young, H., (1998) This Blessed Plot, pp. 44-70. , London: Macmillan; Stein, H., (1988) Presidential Economics: The Making of Economic Policy in America from Roosevelt to Reagan and Beyond, , Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute; Harrod, S.R., (1963) The Life of John Maynard Keynes, pp. 621-693. , New York: St. Martin's Press; Gardner, R., (1980) Sterling Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective: The Origins and Prospects of Our International Economic Order, , New York: Columbia University Press; Hanrieder, W., (1989) Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Newhouse, J., (1970) De Gaulle and the Anglo Saxons, , New York: Viking Press; Kolodziej, E.A., (1974) French International Policy under de Gaulle and Pompidou: The Politics of Grandeur, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Gordon, P.H., (1993) A Certain Idea of France, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Lacouture, J., (1984) Charles de Gaulle, , Paris: Seuil; Cook, D., (1983) Charles de Gaulle: A Biography, , New York: Putnam; Harrison, M.M., (1981) The Reluctant Ally: France and Atlantic Security, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Gaddis, J.L., (1990) Russia, the Soviet Union and the United States: An Interpretative History, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Kelley, D.R., Davis, S.G., (1992) The Songs of Sergei: Khrushchev and Gorbachev as Reformers, , New York: Praeger; Dunlop, J., (1993) The Rise of Russia and the Fall of the Soviet Empire, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Calleo, D.P., Rowland, B.M., (1973) America and the World Political Economy, pp. 16-84. , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; van Buren Cleveland, H., (1966) The Atlantic Idea and Its European Rivals, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Spinelli, A., (1966) The Eurocrats: Conflict and Crisis in the European Community, , trans. 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Calleo and Eric R. Staal, eds., Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Calleo, D.P., A New Era of Overstretch? (1998) World Policy Journal, 15 (1), pp. 11-26. , Spring; Bowley, G., German Industry Is Learning Hard Lessons More Quickly than the Government in Bonn (1997) Financial Times, , May 29; Studemann, F., Low Costs Lure Germans to East (1996) Financial Times, , October 2; Andrews, E.L., Spin-Offs on Rise as German Industry Copes with Globalization (1998) International Herald Tribune, , November 19; Thompson, A., How to Find Jobs for 4.4 Million Germans? Get Flexible (1998) Associated Press, , May 23; Calleo, D.P., The Strategic Implications of the Euro (1999) Survival, 41 (1), pp. 5-19. , Spring; Tucker, R., (1978) The Marx-Engels Reader, pp. 426-427. , New York: Norton; (1993) Energy End-Use: An Environmentally Sound Development Path, , Asian Development Bank, Manila: Asian Development Bank; (1990) Economic Policies for Sustainable Development, , Asian Development Bank, Manila: Asian Development Bank; Krueger, A., (1996) The Political Economy of Trade Protection, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Baker, G., Starbucks Wars (1999) Financial Times, , December 4; Beattie, A., Lerner, D., Ragtag Army Takes Battle to 'Unholy Trinity' (2000) Financial Times, , April 15; Smith, P.J., (1998) After the Wall, pp. 109-139. , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Rohde, D., Kosovo Seething (2000) Foreign Affairs, 79 (3), pp. 65-79. , May-June; Algieri, F., Assoziierungspolitik (1997) Europa von A-Z, pp. 69-71. , W. Weidenfeld and W. Wessels, eds., Bonn: Bundeszentrale f̈ur politische Bildung; Berthoin, G., The European Union in a Changing World: New Perspectives and Challenges (1992) From the Atlantic to the Urals, , David P. Calleo and Philip H. Gordon, eds., Arlington, VA: Seven Lakes Press; Minet, P., (1962) Full Text of the Rome Treaty and an ABC of the Common Market, , London: Christopher Johnson; Mayne, R., (1983) Postwar: The Dawn of Today's Europe, , London: Thames & Hudson; Mandelbaum, M., (1996) The Dawn of Peace in Europe, , A Twentieth Century Fund Book; New York: 20th Century Fund Press; Sloan, S.R., (1995) NATO's Future: Beyond Collective Defense, McNair Paper 46, , Washington, DC: National Defense University; Calleo, D.P., A New Era of Overstretch? (1998) World Policy Journal, 15 (1), pp. 11-26. , Spring; Haglund, D.G., (1991) Alliance within the Alliance? Franco-German Military Co-operation and European Pillar of Defense, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Cromwell, W.C., (1992) The US and the European Pillar: The Strained Alliance, , Houndsmill, UK: Macmillan Academic and Professional; Salmon, T., The Union, the CFSP and the European Security Debate (1994) The EC and the Challenge of the Future, p. 265. , Juliet Lodge, ed., New York: St. Martin's Press; Constable, P., The Issues of the Campaign of 1992: Foreign Policy (1992) Boston Globe, , October 7; Calleo, D.P., A New Era of Overstretch? American Policy in Europe and Asia (1998) World Policy Journal, 15 (1). , Spring; Mandelbaum, M., (1995) The Strategic Quadrangle: Russia, China, Japan and the United States in East Asia, , New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press; Bremner, C., Clinton Asks Europe to Join Crusade for Security (1994) New York Times, , June 8; Silber, L., Little, A., (1996) Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation, , New York: TV Books; Malcolm, N., (1994) A Short History of Yugoslavia, , London: Macmillan; Holbrooke, R., (1998) To End a War, p. 22. , New York: Random House; West, R., (1995) Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia, , New York: Carroll & Graf; Beloff, N., (1986) Tito's Flawed Legacy, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Perlez, J., Kosovo's Unquenched Violence Dividing U.S. and NATO Allies (2000) New York Times, , March 12; Solana, J., Kosovo Is a Defining Moment for Europe's Future (1999) International Herald Tribune, p. 6. , April 17-18; Marlowe, L., A Greater UN Role to Counter the US Hyperpower (1995) Irish Times, , June 13; Arrison, C.J., (1989) Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration and a United America, , New York: Pantheon; Mufson, S., Threat of 'Rogue' States: Is It Reality or Rhetoric? (2000) Washington Post, pp. A1. , May 29; Maynes, C.W., Pax Americana: The Impossible Dream (2000) Foreign Service Journal, pp. 20-25. , March; Vinocur, J., Going It Alone, US Upsets France (1999) International Herald Tribune, p. 1. , February 3; Anderson, B., South-East Asia: From Miracle to Crash (1998) London Review of Books, 20 (8). , April 16; Sanger, D.E., Clinton Toughens Stance on Trade (1998) International Herald Tribune, p. 13. , November 12; Crutsinger, M., Administration Warns of Fragility of Global Economic Recovery (1998) Associated Press, , April 29; Keohane, R., International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work? (1998) Foreign Policy, 110, pp. 82-97. , Spring; Huntington, S., (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, , New York: Simon & Schuster},
correspondence_address1={Calleo, D.P.},
publisher={Princeton University Press},
isbn={0691090815; 9780691113678},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rethinking Eur. Future},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kumar201169,
author={Kumar, R. and Alex, D.},
title={Large asian economies and the united states: Is rebalancing feasible?},
journal={Asia and policymaking for the global economy},
year={2011},
pages={69-103},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896174986&partnerID=40&md5=b653e02b5bfbc178c204affe04155c3e},
affiliation={FICCI, New Delhi, India; ICRIER, New Delhi, India},
abstract={Factors such as lax financial sector regulation, regulatory capture by major financial players, and an intellectual climate that saw markets as fully self-correcting and market agents as perfectly rational on the basis of complete information, as well as global macroeconomic imbalances have been identified as the major drivers of the financial crisis and the subsequent global economic slowdown. These factors characterized the "great recession" of 2007-09. Some analysts, however, have cited global macroeconomic imbalances as the root cause of the financial crisis and the subsequent global recession. The debate on the nature and role of global imbalances has focused largely on the U.S. and Chinese macro-balances. Essentially the argument has been that the United States was able to run the huge deficits, both fiscal and external, principally because the Chinese surpluses allowed it to do so at minimal cost and in an apparently riskless manner. In this chapter we first examine the nature and magnitude of the global macro-imbalances, then look at some possible scenarios for redressing them, and finally discuss the role that Asian economies, particularly the three large economies of the People's Republic of China (henceforth, PRC), India, and Japan, can play to achieve a more balanced global economic growth that can be sustained in the coming period. To preempt our conclusion, we find that, individually, the Asian economies, including the PRC, which is by far the fastest growing, cannot be expected to compensate for the likely decline in U.S. demand as it moves to a more sustainable growth path in the coming decades. While a switch in the Chinese growth strategy to more domestic demand-driven growth is clearly essential, an increase in the demand for regional public goods like regional power grids, highways, and improved telecom connectivity in Asia would contribute significantly to achieving a more balanced global growth in the future. Asian leaders should therefore be giving far greater attention to the factors that impede progress toward greater pan- Asian economic integration, which is a necessary condition for expanding the supply of regional public goods in Asia, and bring these to the same level as in Europe and North America. Macro-imbalances are not a new phenomenon. They have almost always been a feature of the modern global economy.3 Macroeconomic imbalances were seen to facilitate faster growth by permitting a creditor country, generating a current account surplus, to park its excess saving in safe assets (like U.S. Treasury bills) for possible use in financing a future external account deficit.4 However, large macroeconomic imbalances can be seen as a symptom of deeper underlying distortions in the financial and monetary systems of the concerned economies. As the recent crises have demonstrated, imbalances, when allowed to persist, can threaten the stability of the global economy, as well as its attendant financial and monetary systems. Macroeconomic imbalances can be attributed to many factors, such as a shift in saving behavior, productivity changes, the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves, movements in commodity prices, and also a shift in investors' attitude toward risk.5 In the 1920s, the first major macroeconomic imbalance involved an erstwhile great power, the United States, and a militarily defeated but rising economic power, Germany. This period ended with the most dramatic and disastrous interwar macroeconomic imbalance that the world had witnessed.6 One factor that has been found to intensify global imbalances is the manipulation or devaluation of the exchange rate by the creditor country to retain its competitive advantage in trade. In the U.S.-German case during the 1920s, the United States, at the time a creditor economy, brought about a substantial devaluation after it took the dollar off the gold standard and later enacted the Smoot-Hawley tariff in June 1930 to restrict imports. The Great Depression, with its terrible and drawn-out consequences, which included the second Great War, followed. Two contrasting explanations have been given for the present state of global imbalances. The first has been put forward mainly by Barry Eichengreen. 7 This view attributes imbalances to a savings deficit in the United States, which translates into a current account deficit that is met by an inflow of capital from the rest of the world. Capital was attracted to the United States because it offered similar or even higher rates of return, along with greater liquidity of its markets and lower perceived risks on investment.8 The second view, whose chief proponent has been present Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, argues that high savings rates in countries like the PRC, and perhaps Germany, have made huge surpluses available, which, by lowering the cost of borrowing, have contributed to the huge current account deficit in countries such as the United States.9 According to this view, the onus of correcting global imbalances falls on surplus economies, which should be implementing policies to lower their domestic savings and raising their domestic consumption as a share of GDP. This is in contrast to those who see the U.S. deficits as the primary cause of imbalances and recommend policies designed to raise household and public savings in the United States, as well as greater reliance on external demand to push up U.S. economic growth rates. Both these arguments, it is worth pointing out, confine themselves to macroimbalances in the external account. They do not refer to the inter-country imbalances that have characterized global economic growth in the past few decades or to the intra-country imbalances captured by rising Gini coefficients in many of the larger emerging economies.10 While the debate on global imbalances is ongoing, it appears that these imbalances are beginning to be redressed by market behavior. In the period ending in 2009, the latest for which data are available, U.S. private savings rose by around 34.5 percent from their level a year earlier; household savings led the change with an increase of 62.5 percent between 2008 and end of 2009. At the same time, the Chinese current account surplus, which was 9.8 percent of GDP in January 2009, declined to 7.8 percent, effectively switching nearly US$55 billion from external to domestic demand in sustaining the Chinese GDP growth. This was largely a result of the massive fiscal stimulus of US$570 billion, announced by the Chinese government immediately after the Lehman crisis, which has principally been focused on infrastructure capacity expansion. The German current account surplus came down rather sharply, from 6.4 percent to 2.9 percent over the twelve months of 2009. A cause for worry and a possible exacerbation of global imbalances remains the persistence of the U.S. government fiscal deficit, which is expected to rise to 9 percent of GDP (US$1.36 trillion) by the end of 2010,11 leading to an increase in the U.S. public debt of $1.7 trillion over two years. If the surplus countries are successful in reducing their surpluses, as they are being encouraged to do, there will be less capital available to finance U.S. deficits and interest rates on U.S. Treasury bills will eventually rise. This will further raise the debt-servicing burden for the United States, which would exert significant downward pressure on the dollar. This could be advantageous for U.S. exports and redress the trade deficit with its major trading partners, including the PRC, Japan, and Germany. The key question is whether the rest of the global economy can generate sufficient demand to allow the expansion of U.S. exports and the reduction of its trade and overall current account deficit, without leading to a global recession. In the above context, we discuss the possible means by which the existing imbalances can be further and more quickly reduced. In the next sections we provide some stylized facts regarding global imbalances and project optimal saving and consumption rates for the United States and the PRC, respectively, which would help to reduce the imbalances. Finally, we look at measures that surplus economies could take to increase domestic demand and raise the share of consumption in GDP. Copyright © 2011. Asian Development Bank Institute. All rights reserved.},
references={Agarwala, R., Towards an Asian Bretton woods for restructuring of the regional financial architecture (2008) Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) Discussion Paper 133, , New Delhi (March 2008); Aiyar, S., Anklesaria, S., (2009) An International Monetary Fund Currency to Rival the Dollar?, , Washington: Cato Institute; Antràs, P., Caballero, R.J., Trade and capital flows: A financial frictions perspective (2007) Working Paper 13241 National Bureau of Economic Research; (2009) Asian Development Outlook 2009, , Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines; (2009) Infrastructure for a Seamless Asia, , Asian Development Bank (ADB), ADB Institute, Tokyo; Bagnai, A., The role of China in global external imbalances: Some further evidence (2009) China Economic Review, 20, pp. 508-526; Bergsten, C.F., How to solve the problem of the dollar (2007) Op-Ed in the Financial Times, , December 11 2007; Bergsten, C.F., The dollar and the deficits (2009) Foreign Affairs, 88 (6). , November/December; Bergsten, C.F., (2009) The Dollar and the Budget Deficit, , November 27, 2009 (VoxEu.org); Bergsten, C.F., How best to boost U.S. Exports (2010) Op-Ed in the Washington Post, , February 3, 2010; Bernanke, B.S., (2005) Remarks by Governor Ben S. Bernanke: The Global Saving Glut and the U.S. Current Account Deficit, , Virginia Association of Economists, Richmond, Va. March 10; Blanchard, O., Sustaining a global recovery (2009) Finance and Development, 46, pp. 9-12. , September; Blanchard, O., Milesi-Ferretti, G.M., (2009) Global Imbalances: in Midstream?, , Washington: IMF Staff Position Note (December); Caballero, R.J., (2009) The Other Imbalance and the Financial Crisis, , Bank of Italy's Paolo Baffi Lecture, December 10; Caballero, R.J., Farhi, E., Gourinchas, P.-O., An equilibrium model of global imbalances and low interest rates (2008) American Economic Review, 98 (1), pp. 358-393. , March; (2010) The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020, , Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Washington; Cooper, R.N., Living with global imbalances (2007) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, pp. 91-110; Corden, W.M., China's exchange rate policy, its current account surplus, and the global imbalances (2009) Economic Journal, 119 (541), pp. 103-119; Dooley, M.P., Folkerts-Landau, D., Garber, P., The revived bretton woods system: The effects of periphery intervention and reserve management on interest rates and exchange rates in center countries (2004) Working Paper 10332 National Bureau of Economic Research; Eichengreen, B., Global imbalances and the lessons of bretton woods (2004) Working Paper 10497 National Bureau of Economic Research; Eichengreen, B., The development of asian bond markets (2006) Asian Bond Markets: Issues and Prospects, 30, pp. 1-12. , BIS Papers, Basle: Bank for International Settlements; Eichengreen, B., Global imbalances and the asian economies: Implications for regional cooperation (2006) Working Paper on Regional Economic Integration, 4. , Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank; Eichengreen, B., The blind men and the elephant (2006) Issues in Economic Policy, 1. , January 2006), Washington: Brookings; Eichengreen, B., The dollar dilemma: The world's top currency faces competition (2009) Foreign Affairs, 88 (5); Frieden, J.A., Global imbalances, national rebalancing, and the political economy of recovery (2009) Working Paper, Council on Foreign Relations, , Centre for Geopolitical Studies and International Institutions and Global Governance Program; Gruber, J.W., Kamin, S.B., Do differences in financial development explain the global pattern of current account balances? (2008) International Finance Discussion Paper 923, , Washington: Federal Reserve; Henning, C.R., The future of the Chiang Mai initiative: An Asian monetary fund? (2009) Policy Brief PB09-5, , Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics; Oil prices and global imbalances (2006) World Economic Outlook (WEO), , International Monetary Fund (IMF), Chapter 2, Washington (April); (2009) World Economic Outlook, , International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington; Does Asia need rebalancing? (2010) Regional Economic Outlook (REO), Asia and Pacific, , International Monetary Fund (IMF), Chapter, Washington (April); (2010) World Economic Outlook, , International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington; Ito, H., U.S. Current account debate, with Japan then, with China now Journal of Asian Economics, 20, pp. 294-313; Kondo, M., Japan and an Asian economic community (2006) RIS Discussion Paper 106 New Delhi: Research and Information System for Developing Countries; Kumar, N., Towards a broader Asian community: Agenda for the east Asian summit (2005) RIS Working Paper 100 New Delhi: Research and Information System for Developing Countries; Kumar, N., Towards broader regional cooperation in Asia (2007) RCC Discussion Paper Colombo, Sri Lanka: UNDP Regional Centre in Colombo; Lee, J., Rabanal, P., Sandri, D., (2010) U.S. Consumption after the 2008 Crisis, , Washington: IMF Staff Position Note SPN/10/01 (January); Lin, J.Y., (2009) Global Financial Crisis and Paradigm Shift in Both Sides of the Global Imbalance, , Edward K. Y. Chen Distinguished Lecture Series, University of Hong Kong; Ma, G., Haiwen, Z., China's evolving external wealth and rising creditor position (2009) Working Paper 286 Basle: Bank for International Settlements; Mundell, R., The case for a world currency (2005) Journal of Policy Modeling, 27, pp. 465-475; Mundell, R., (2009) Financial Crises and the International Monetary System, , Paper presented at Columbia University, March 3; Obstfeld, M., Rogoff, K., Global imbalances and the financial crisis: Products of common causes (2009) The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Asia Economic Policy Conference, , Paper prepared for, Santa Barbara, Calif. October 18-20; Persaud, A., (2004) When Currency Empires Fall, , Gresham College Lecture Series, London, July 10; Portes, R., Global imbalances (2009) Macroeconomic Stability and Financial Regulation: Key Issues for the G20, , www.voxeu.org/G20_ebook.pdf, edited by M. Dewatripont, X. Freixas, and R. Portes; Prasad, E.S., Is the chinese growth miracle built to last? (2009) China Economic Review, 20 (1), pp. 103-123. , Elsevier), (March); Prasad, E.S., Rebalancing growth in Asia (2009) Working Paper 15169 National Bureau of Economic Research, , July; Prasad, E., Gu, G., (2009) An Awkward Dance: China and the United States, , IZA Policy Paper 13 Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); Rodrik, D., Making room for China in the world economy (2010) American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, pp. 89-93. , May 2010; Sundaram, P., ASEAN economic community (2009) ASEAN Annual Report 2008-09; Urata, S., Okabe, M., The impacts of free trade agreements on trade flows: An application of the gravity model approach (2007) Discussion Paper 07052 Tokyo: Research Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry (RIETI); Urata, S., Terada, T., Japan and East Asian integration: Asean?3 or Asean?6? (2008) The Annual Meeting of the ISA's 49th Annual Convention, , Paper presented, San Francisco; (2009) The U.S. Trade Deficit: is China the Problem?, , U.S.-China Business Council (USCBC), Washington: USCBC; Wadhwa, D., Assessing the potential for growth of intraregional trade in south Asia (2009) Challenges and Opportunities of Trade and Financial Integration in Asia and the Pacific, , Bangkok: UNESCAP; Wei, S.-J., (2010) The Mystery of Chinese Saving, , February (voxeu.org); Wolf, M., Why china's exchange rate policy concerns us (2009) Financial Times, , December 8; Williamson, J., Why SDR could rival the dollar (2009) Policy Brief PB09-20, , Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics; Yongding, Y., Global imbalances: China's perspective (2007) International Conference European and Asian Perspectives on Global Imbalances, , Prepared for the, Beijing, July 12-14, 2006},
correspondence_address1={FICCI, New Delhi, India},
publisher={Brookings Institution Press},
isbn={9780815704218},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia and policymaking for the global Econ.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Freedman2011297,
author={Freedman, S.W. and Weinstein, H.M. and Murphy, K.L. and Longman, T.},
title={Teaching history in post- Genocide Rwanda},
journal={Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence},
year={2011},
pages={297-315},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881076149&partnerID=40&md5=1cd76f43d2948faa404b7919a65ea202},
affiliation={University of California, Berkeley, United States; Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Facing History and Ourselves, United States; African Studies Center, Boston University, United States},
abstract={History is often a central concern after violent, identity- based conflicts. Citizens of countries that have experienced such devastation often recognize how political leaders distorted and then exploited national history to incite violence. As countries seek social repair, many people believe that a new and more truthful history must be transmitted to the next generation through revised history curricula in schools. In such disparate places as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, Germany, Guatemala, Japan, Northern Ireland, and Rwanda, the reteaching of history has been expected to lay at least part of the foundation for social reconstruction, a better future, and a lasting peace (Cole and Barsalou 2006; Hodgkin 2006; Cole 2007a, 2007b). In this chapter, we focus on secondary schools in Rwanda, where we have been working on educational issues since 2001. An initial study by the Human Rights Center at the University of California, Berkeley, asked Rwandan educational stakeholders what they felt was needed to reconstruct their society after the 1994 genocide and wars. Most responded that teaching history was essential to social reconstruction and that they were losing patience with the slow process of offi cial decision making on the issue (Freedman et al. 2004; Weinstein et al. 2007). Stakeholders objected to the fact that a moratorium on teaching history placed by the Ministry of Education immediately after the genocide had remained in effect for over a decade. That study prompted the Ministry to seek assistance in developing materials for teaching history in secondary schools, which, in turn, led to our next project. We explored such questions as: How can material for a history curriculum be developed to avoid propaganda and to facilitate the development of critical thinking skills? What tensions surface for teachers working in an increasingly repressive political climate? What opportunities can encourage and support democratic teaching and debate about multiple perspectives? Our project revealed tensions related to the government's political goal of teaching history to promote a unified Rwandan identity-a goal that allowed for the transmission of only one official historical narrative. This goal conflicted with another set of official goals for education reform in Rwanda-to learn to evaluate historical sources and evidence through embracing so- called modern, democratic teaching methods that foster skills (such as critical thinking and debate) thought to be essential for successful participation in an increasingly global economy. A further complication resulted from the fact that the official narrative, with its goal to unify Rwanda, denied the modern- day existence of ethnic groups, while the social reality is that ethnic identification remains strong in Rwanda. © 2011 by the University of Wisconsin Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Anderson, B., (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, , London: Verso; De Barahona, B.A., Enriquez C.G.-, Aguilar, P., (2001) The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Barkan, E., Engaging history: Managing conflict and reconciliation (2005) History Workshop Journal, 59 (1), pp. 229-236; Bell, D.S.A., Mythscapes: Memory, mythology, and national identity (2003) British Journal of Sociology, 54 (1), pp. 63-81; Buyinza, J., Mutesi, F., Genocide ideology: Lawmakers form another ad hoc commission (2008) New Times, , March 21; Cole, E., (2007) Teaching the Violent Past: History Education and Reconciliation, , ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; Cole, E., Transitional justice and the reform of history education (2007) International Journal of Transitional Justice, 1 (1), pp. 115-137; Cole, E.A., Barsalou, J., Unite or divide? The challenges of teaching history in societies emerging from violent conflict (2006) Special Report, p. 163. , http://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr163.pdf, Washington, DC. June; Connerton, P., (1989) How Societies Remember, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Davis, M., Is Spain recovering its memory? Breaking the pacto del olvido (2005) Human Rights Quarterly, 27 (3), pp. 858-880; Des Forges, A., (1999) Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, , New York: Human Rights Watch; Dierkes, J., The trajectory of reconciliation through history education in postunification Germany (2007) Teaching the Violent Past: History Education and Reconciliation, pp. 31-50. , edited by Elizabeth Cole, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; Eltringham, N., (2004) Accounting for Horror: Post- Genocide Debates in Rwanda, , London: Pluto; Emmert, T., Ingrao, C., Resolving the yugoslav controversies: A scholars' initiative (2004) Nationalities Papers, 32 (4), pp. 727-730; Freedman, S.W., Kambanda, D., Samuelson, B.L., Mugisha, I., Mukashema, I., Mukama, E., Mutabaruka, J., Longman, T., Confronting the past in Rwandan schools (2004) My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, pp. 248-265. , edited by Eric Stover and Harvey M. Weinstein, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Freedman, S.W., Weinstein, H.M., Murphy, K., Longman, T., Teaching history after identity- based conflicts: The Rwanda experience (2008) Comparative Education Review, 52 (4), pp. 663-690; (2005) Front Line Rwanda: Disappearances, Arrests, Threats, Intimidation and Co- Option of Human Rights Defenders 2001-2004, , http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/files/en/FrontLineRwandaReport.pdf, March; Gellner, E., (1983) Nations and Nationalism, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Gillis, J.R., (1994) Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, , ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Halbwachs, M., (1980) The Collective Memory, , New York: Harper and Row; Halbwachs, M., (1992) On Collective Memory, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Hodgkin, M., Reconciliation in Rwanda: Education, history and the state (2006) Journal of International Affairs, 60 (1), pp. 199-211; Hoepken, W., War, memory, and education in a fragmented society: The case of yugoslavia (1999) East European Politics and Societies, 13 (1), pp. 190-227; Holt, T.C., (1990) Thinking Historically: Narrative, Imagination, and Understanding, , New York: College Board; (2000) Rwanda: The Search for Security and Human Rights Abuses, , http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/Rwanda/, April; (2001) Rwanda: Resolve Disappearances, Assassination, , http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2001/05/04/Rwanda133_txt.htm, May 4; (2003) Preparing for Elections: Tightening Control in the Name of Unity, , http://www.hrw.org/en/node/77843, May 8; (2004) Rwanda: Parliament Seeks to Abolish Rights Group, , http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/07/02/Rwanda8996_txt.htm, July 2; (2007) There Will Be No Trial: Police Killings of Detainees and the Imposition of Collective Punishments, , http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2007/07/23/there-will-be-no-trial, July; (2002) Rwanda at the End of the Transition: A Necessary Political Liberalisation, , http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2555.pdf, International Crisis Group (ICG). November 13; Ignatieff, M., (1998) The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience, , New York: Holt; Longman, T., Memory, justice, and power in post- genocide Rwanda (2006) Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, , Paper presented at the, Philadelphia, August 31; Longman, T., Rutagengwa, T., Memory, identity, and community in Rwanda (2004) My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, pp. 162-182. , edited by Eric Stover and Harvey M. Weinstein, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Low- Beer, A., Politics, school textbooks and cultural identity: The struggle in bosnia and herzegovina (2001) Paradigm, 2 (3), pp. 1-6; Malkki, L., (1995) Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; (2006) The Teaching of History of Rwanda: A Participatory Approach, , http://hrc.berkeley.edu/Rwanda.html, Ministry of Education (MINEDUC)/University of California. University of California, Berkeley; National University of Rwanda, Butare; and National Curriculum Development Center, Kigali. Available in French and English at; Naveh, E., (1999) The Twentieth Century: On the Threshold of Tomorrow [In Hebrew], , Tel Aviv: Sifre Tel Aviv; Naveh, E., The dynamics of identity construction in Israel through education in history (2006) Israeli and Palestinian Narratives of Conflict: History's Double Helix, pp. 244-270. , edited by Robert I. Rotberg, Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Newbury, C., (1988) The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860-1960, , New York: Columbia University Press; Newbury, C., Newbury, D., Bringing the peasants back in: Agrarian themes in the construction and corrosion of statist historiography in Rwanda (2000) American Historical Review, 105 (3), pp. 832-877; Newbury, D., The clans of Rwanda: An historical hypothesis (1980) Africa, 50 (4), pp. 389-403; Nora, P., Kritzman, L.D., (1996) Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, 3. , eds. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. New York: Columbia University Press; Oglesby, E., Historical memory and the limits of peace education: Examining guatemala's memory of silence and the politics of curriculum design (2007) Teaching the Violent Past: History Education and Reconciliation, pp. 175-202. , edited by Elizabeth Cole, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; Porat, D.A., Who fired first? Students' construction of meaning from one textbook account of the israeli- arab conflict (2006) Curriculum Inquiry, 36 (3), pp. 251-271; Pottier, J., (2002) Re- Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Prunier, G., (1995) The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide, 1959-1994, , London: Hurst; (1999) The Unity of Rwandans-Before the Colonial Period and under the Colonial Rule; under the First Republic, , www.grandslacs.net/doc/2379.pdf, Republic of Rwanda (RoR); Reyntjens, F., Rwanda, ten years on: From genocide to dictatorship (2004) African Affairs, 103 (411), pp. 177-210; Senate, R., (2006) Rwanda: Genocide Ideology and Strategies for its Eradication, , Kigali, April; Sibomana, A., (1999) Hope for Rwanda: Conversations with Laure Guilbert and Hervé Deguine, , Translated by Carina Tertsakian. London: Pluto Press; Stover, E., Weinstein, H.M., (2004) My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, , eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Straus, S., (2006) The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Strom, M.S., (1994) Facing History and Ourselves: Holocaust and Human Behavior, , Boston: Facing History and Ourselves Foundation; Tawil, S., Harley, A., (2004) Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion: Studies in Comparative Education, , eds. Paris: International Bureau of Education/UNESCO; Valls, R., The spanish civil war and the franco dictatorship: The challenges of representing a conflictive past in secondary schools (2007) Teaching the Violent Past: History Education and Reconciliation, pp. 155-174. , edited by Elizabeth Cole, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; Vansina, J., The politics of history and the crisis of the great lakes (1998) Africa Today, 45 (1), pp. 37-44; Vansina, J., (2001) Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom, , Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; Weinstein, H.M., (2007) Sarah Warshauer Freedman, and Holly Hughson; School voices: Challenges facing education systems after identity- based conflicts Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 2 (1), pp. 41-71; Weinstein, H.M., Stover, E., Introduction (2004) My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, pp. 1-26. , edited by Eric Stover and Harvey M. Weinstein, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Wertsch, J.V., Is it possible to teach beliefs, as well as knowledge about history? (2000) Knowing, Teaching, and Learning History: National and International Perspectives, pp. 38-50. , edited by Peter N. Stearns, Peter Seixas, and Sam Wineburg, New York: New York University Press; Wolfgram, M.A., Rediscovering narratives of german resistance: Opposing the nazi 'terror- state (2006) Rethinking History, 10 (2), pp. 204-205},
correspondence_address1={University of California, Berkeley, United States},
publisher={University of Wisconsin Press},
isbn={9780299282646},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Remaking Rwanda: State Bldg. and Hum. Rights after Mass Violence},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hirsch201187,
author={Hirsch, S.},
title={Making globalization moral?},
journal={Transnational Corporations},
year={2011},
volume={20},
number={3},
pages={87-93},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876945967&partnerID=40&md5=9509f5801c94ac1bc6f4999c9cf2a739},
affiliation={School of Business, Tel Aviv University, Israel},
abstract={John Dunning made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the role played by globalization in general, and transnational corporations, in particular, in promoting economic growth and efficiency in the post World War II era. In his late years, Dunning wrote extensively about the unsolved problems which globalization appears to have spawned, particularly the growing inequality both between rich and poor countries, as well as within them. These difficulties have been aggravated by the failure to establish a global governance system capable of resolving the contradictions inherent in a world characterized by sovereign nation states on the one hand, and a global economy whose welfare depends more and more on inter-state cooperation, on the other.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Governance;  Inequality},
references={Dunning, J.H., (2003) Making Globalization Good: The Moral Challenges of Global Capitalism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Dunning, J.H., (2011) New Challenges for International Business Research: Back to the Future., , Edward Elgar: Cheltenham},
correspondence_address1={Hirsch, S.; School of Business, Israel; email: hirsch@post.tau.ac.il},
issn={10149562},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Transnatl. Corp.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hormats2011144,
author={Hormats, R. and Ratner, A.M.},
title={World war II to 2011: Changes and challenges in the global economy},
journal={Business Economics},
year={2011},
volume={46},
number={3},
pages={144-153},
doi={10.1057/be.2011.18},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863792298&doi=10.1057%2fbe.2011.18&partnerID=40&md5=7dbd3991bc089a9853c25473da90bd3a},
abstract={This paper discusses six major changes and challenges that have emerged since World War II that will shape the global economy for the indefinite future. These are the changing economic role of women, the emergence of the global economic and financial system, the re-emergence of state-supported enterprises, the impact of the Internet, the global diffusion of opportunity and innovation, and globalization as an opportunity and a threat. How these challenges are addressed will have important consequences for business and for public policy. In addition to the prepared remarks, this paper also has a summary of the question-and-answer session that followed Dr. Hormats address. © National Association for Business Economics.},
author_keywords={economic impact of the Internet;  economic role of women;  globalization;  international economics;  state-supported enterprises},
references={Hillary Rodham, C., (2011) Internet Rights and Wrongs: Choices & Challenges in a Networked World Remarks at George Washington University, , http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2011/02/156619.htm, Washington, DC, February 15; Hormats Robert, D., (2011) Keynote Address, , http://usoecd.usmission.gov/hormats-cdt-remarks2.html, Center for Democracy and Technology Annual Dinner, March 8; Franklin, D.R., (1941) The Four Freedoms, from the State of the Union, Address to Congress, (87 PART I). , http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/workbook/ralprs36b.htm, Congressional Record},
correspondence_address1={Hormats, R.},
issn={0007666X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Econ.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yeung2011625,
author={Yeung, H.W.},
title={From national development to economic diplomacy? Governing Singapore's sovereign wealth funds},
journal={Pacific Review},
year={2011},
volume={24},
number={5},
pages={625-652},
doi={10.1080/09512748.2011.634076},
note={cited By 33},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858856546&doi=10.1080%2f09512748.2011.634076&partnerID=40&md5=d8647a9df9f7f78a9bce725040fde232},
affiliation={Department of Geography, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore},
abstract={This paper examines the changing role and governance of Singapore's two sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) over the past three decades - from their earlier participation in domestic national development to their more active involvement in Singapore's economic diplomacy. Based on a variety of sources and data, I argue that these two SWFs, Temasek Holdings and the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation, are state-sanctioned means to secure the economic future of Singapore; they are not strategic devices developed by the Singapore government to pose geopolitical or economic threats on other states. Over time, their economic functions and strategic orientations have evolved with the city-state's dynamic developmental trajectories in the global economy. In the post-Cold War era of global finance, these state-controlled and professionally managed financial investment vehicles are more visible and active in their global expansion and acquisition trails. There are thus significant challenges to their strategic governance and international legitimacy in this new world order. This paper considers some of these challenges in light of recent development in the two SWFs and assesses their organizational and institutional responses to such challenges in today's competitive global economy. This case study of Singapore's SWFs illustrates the critical importance for understanding the rise of SWFs from small states in the evolving global system. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
author_keywords={developmental state;  economic diplomacy;  Singapore;  sovereign wealth funds;  strategic governance},
keywords={development strategy;  economic development;  global economy;  governance approach;  government;  investment;  national economy;  political economy;  sovereignty, Singapore [Southeast Asia]},
references={Beeson, M., Globalisation, governance, and the political economy of public policy reform in East Asia (2001) Governance, 14 (4), pp. 481-502; Beeson, M., Developmental states in East Asia: A comparison of the Japanese and Chinese experiences (2009) Asian Perspective, 33 (2), pp. 5-39; Brown, R., (1994) Capital and Entrepreneurship in South-East Asia, , London: Macmillan; Brown, R., (2006) The Rise of the Corporate Economy in Southeast Asia, , London: Routledge; Clark, G.L., Monk, A., Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC): Insurer of last resort and bulwark of nation-state stability (2010) The Pacific Review, 23 (4), pp. 429-451; Clark, G.L., Monk, A., (2010) Nation-State Legitimacy, Trade, and the China Investment Corporation, , Unpublished manuscript; Dhanabalan, S., Role of government ownership of business in the era of globalisation and role of Temasek (2001), 12 December, Singapore: Speech to Foreign Correspondents Association, Singapore; Elson, A., The sovereign wealth funds of Singapore (2008) World Economics, 9 (3), pp. 73-96; Goldstein, A., Pananond, P., Singapore Inc. goes shopping abroad: Profits and pitfalls (2008) Journal of Contemporary Asia, 38 (3), pp. 417-438; (2009) Report on the Management of the Government's Portfolio for the Year 2008/09, , Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC), Singapore: GIC; Hamilton-Hart, N., The Singapore state revisited (2000) The Pacific Review, 13 (2), pp. 195-216; Hamilton-Hart, N., (2002) Asian States, Asian Bankers: Central Banking in Southeast Asia, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Hayashi, S., The developmental state in the era of globalization: Beyond the Northeast Asian model of political economy (2010) The Pacific Review, 23 (1), pp. 45-69; Heaney, R., Li, L., Valencia, V., (2009) Sovereign Wealth Fund Investment Decisions: Temasek Holdings, , Melbourne, Australia: Unpublished manuscript, RMIT University; Huff, W., (1994) The Economic Growth of Singapore: Trade and Development in the Twentieth Century, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Huff, W., The developmental state, government, and Singapore's economic development since 1960 (1995) World Development, 23 (8), pp. 1421-1438; Jin, N.K., Singapore as a financial center: New developments, challenges and prospects (1996) Financial Deregulation and Integration in East Asia, pp. 359-383. , In: Ito T., Krueger A. O., editors Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Jomo, K.S., (2001) Southeast Asia's Industrialization, , Basingstoke: Palgrave; Katzenstein, P.J., (2005) A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Lim, C.Y., Associates, (1988) Policy Options for the Singapore Economy, , Singapore: McGraw-Hill; Lim, S.G., Singapore: Perspectives on Asia, , Speech delivered at the 13th Annual Dinner of the Fulbright Association (Singapore), Singapore; Low, L., (1998) The Political Economy of a City-State: Government-Made Singapore, , Singapore: Oxford University Press; (1993) Final Report of the Committee to Promote Enterprise Overseas, , Ministry of Finance (MOF), Singapore: MOF; (1986) The Singapore Economy: New Directions, , Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Singapore: MTI; (1998) Committee on Singapore's Competitiveness, , Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Singapore: MTI; Pereira, A., (2003) State Collaboration and Development Strategies in China: The Case of the China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, , London: RoutledgeCurzon; Pereira, A., Transnational state entrepreneurship? Assessing Singapore's Suzhou Industrial Park project (1994-2004) (2007) Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 48 (3), pp. 287-298; Phelps, N., Gaining from globalisation? State extra-territoriality and domestic economic impacts - the case of Singapore (2007) Economic Geography, 83 (4), pp. 371-394; Régnier, P., Spreading Singapore's wings worldwide: A review of traditional and new investment strategies (1993) The Pacific Review, 6 (4), pp. 305-312; Rodan, G., (1989) The Political Economy of Singapore's Industralization: National State and International Capital, , London: Macmillan; Shih, V., Tools of survival: Sovereign wealth funds in Singapore and China (2009) Geopolitics, 14 (2), pp. 328-344; Sikorski, D., The perspective for privatization in Singapore (1989) Asian Journal of Public Administration, 11 (1), pp. 74-91; Singh, K., Ang, S.H., (1998) The Strategies and Success of Government Linked Corporations in Singapore, , Singapore: Faculty of Business Administration, National University of Singapore; Stubbs, R., What ever happened to the East Asian Developmental State? The unfolding debate (2009) The Pacific Review, 22 (1), pp. 1-22; Temasek Review. various issues; Tétreault, M.A., Out-of-body experiences: Migrating firms and altered states (1999) Review of International Political Economy, 6 (1), pp. 55-78; The Straits Times. various issues; Tipton, F.B., Southeast Asian capitalism: History, institutions, states, and firms (2009) Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26 (3), pp. 401-434; Tsui-Auch, L.S., Singaporean business group: The role of state and capital in Singapore Inc (2005) Business Groups in East Asia: Financial Crisis, Restructuring and New Growth, pp. 94-115. , In: Chang S. J., editors Oxford: Oxford University Press; Worthington, R., (2003) Governance in Singapore, , London: RoutledgeCurzon; Wu, F., Singapore's sovereign wealth funds: The political risk of overseas investments (2008) World Economics, 9 (3), pp. 97-122; Wu, F., Seah, A., The rise of China Investment Corporation: A new member of the sovereign wealth club (2008) World Economics, 9 (2), pp. 45-68; Yeung, H.W.C., State intervention and neoliberalism in the globalising world economy: Lessons from Singapore's regionalisation programme (2000) The Pacific Review, 13 (1), pp. 133-162; Yeung, H.W.C., Strategic governance and economic diplomacy in China: The political economy of government-linked companies from Singapore (2004) East Asia: An International Quarterly, 21 (1), pp. 40-64; Yeung, H.W.C., Institutional capacity and Singapore's developmental state: Managing economic (in)security in the global economy (2005) Globalisation and Economic Security in East Asia: Governance and Institutions, pp. 85-106. , In: Nesadurai H. E. S., editors London: Routledge; Yeung, H.W.C., Understanding Singapore's global reach: Outward investment trends, firm-specific motivations, and government policies (2006) East Asian Economic Perspectives, 17 (2), pp. 40-77; Yeung, H.W.C., The rise of East Asia: An emerging challenge to the study of international political economy (2009) Routledge Handbook of International Political Economy, pp. 201-215. , In: Blyth M., editors London: Routledge; Yeung, H.W.C., Strategic governance of Singapore's sovereign wealth funds (2010) Environment and Planning A, 42 (9), pp. 2284-2286; Yoshihara, K., (1988) The Rise of Ersatz Capitalism in South East Asia, , Singapore: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Yeung, H. W.; Department of Geography, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore; email: henryyeung@nus.edu.sg},
issn={09512748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pac. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shahrokhi2011193,
author={Shahrokhi, M.},
title={The global financial crises of 2007-2010 and the future of capitalism},
journal={Global Finance Journal},
year={2011},
volume={22},
number={3},
pages={193-210},
doi={10.1016/j.gfj.2011.10.010},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83055176233&doi=10.1016%2fj.gfj.2011.10.010&partnerID=40&md5=4399317613b9c8e956f6102d65b8ebf1},
affiliation={Craig School of Business, California State University-Fresno, Fresno, CA, 93740, United States},
abstract={This paper presents an analysis of the 2007-2010 Global Financial Crisis which started with the sub-prime crisis in the U.S. and became global very fast. It argues that the financial system in the United States is a complex interlocking structure of markets, institutions and regulators. The causes and culprits of the crisis, the misaligned incentives of participants and exogenous events such as the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, precipitated failure in key markets: commodities, sub-prime housing, equities, and credit. One of the strategic consequences of this crisis is that the US will lose its dominance in world power, the frequent crises and vulnerabilities of the Neoliberalism and examines the future of capitalism. Of the alternatives to economic system, the capitalism is the most viable economic system. However, it must adopt real and efficient allocation of resources to maximize welfare of all parties and seriously address the income inequality. It must reject crony capitalism, enact true financial regulation of institutions and markets, end corporate socialism and address the system's structural deficiencies. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},
author_keywords={Capitalism;  Global economy;  Global Financial Crisis;  Global recession},
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correspondence_address1={Shahrokhi, M.; Craig School of Business, , Fresno, CA, 93740, United States; email: Shahrokhi@glofin.org},
issn={10440283},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Financ. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Speight20111,
author={Speight, J.G.},
title={An Introduction to Petroleum Technology, Economics, and Politics},
journal={An Introduction to Petroleum Technology, Economics, and Politics},
year={2011},
pages={1-320},
doi={10.1002/9781118192528},
note={cited By 62},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882403417&doi=10.1002%2f9781118192528&partnerID=40&md5=5963fb22307c8ab7c38caa87bca5bf8f},
abstract={The perfect primer for both the layperson and the engineer, for the new hire and the old hand, describing, in easy-to-understand language, one of the biggest and most lucrative industries in the world. There is only one substance known to mankind that can cause wars, influence global economies, and make entire countries rich: petroleum. One teaspoon of the stuff carries enough energy to power a ton truck up a hill. It's in the news every single day, it influences our lives in ways that we cannot fathom, and it is the most important commodity in the world. But how much does the average person, even the average engineer, know about it? This book describes the petroleum industry, in easy-to-understand language, for both the layperson and engineer alike. From the economics of searching for oil and gas to the pitfalls of drilling and production, getting it out of the ground, into pipelines, into refineries, and, finally, into your gas tank, this book covers the petroleum industry like no other treatment before. There is coverage of pricing and the economics of this very important resource, as well, which is useful not only to engineers, but to economists and, really, anyone who uses it. From jet fuel to gasoline to natural gas and plastics, petroleum is one of the integral products of our lives. We are practically bathed it in from birth, our food is protected by it, and it even has healing properties. Learn all about this incredible substance and its fascinating history and highly debated future. An Introduction to Petroleum Technology, Economics, and Politics: Gives a thorough summary of the petroleum and natural gas industry, from prospect to production to pipeline New technologies, such as directional and underbalanced drilling, are covered, in easy-to-understand language Useful not only for newcomers and laypersons, but for engineers and students, particularly those for whom English is a second language Examines the basics of pricing and valuation. © 2011 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Engineers;  Fighter aircraft;  Gas industry;  Infill drilling;  Natural gas;  Oils and fats;  Petroleum industry;  Petroleum refineries;  Pipelines;  Underbalanced drilling, Gas tanks;  Global economies;  New technologies;  Oil and gas;  Petroleum technology;  Second language, Industrial economics},
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Petroleum Technol., 13, p. 124; Dahmus, J., (1995) A History of the Middle Ages, pp. 135 and 136. , Barnes and Noble, New York, previously published with the same title by Doubleday Book Co., 1968; Davies, N., (1996) Europe: A History, pp. 245 and 250. , Oxford University Press. Oxford, England; Forbes, R.J., (1958) A History of Technology, , Oxford University Press, Oxford, England; Forbes, R.J., (1958) Studies in Early Petroleum Chemistry, , E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands; Forbes, R.J., (1959) More Studies in Early Petroleum Chemistry, , E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands; Forbes, R.J., (1964) Studies in Ancient Technology, , E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands; (1998) Baseline. Report No. GRI-98/0001, p. 1. , Gas Research Institute, Chicago, IL. March; Henry, J.T., (1873) The Early and Later History of Petroleum. Volumes I and II, , APRP Co., Philadelphia, PA; Hoiberg, A.J., (1964) Bituminous Materials: Asphalts, Tars, and Pitches, , John Wiley & Sons. 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June; Campbell, C.J., Laherrère, J.H., (1998) The End of Cheap Oil, , Scientific American, March; Crocker, M., Crofcheck, C., Reducing national dependence on imported oil (2006) Energeia, 17 (6). , Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Davis, R.A., Patel, N.M., Refinery Hydrogen Management (2004) Petorleum Technology Quarterly, pp. 29-35. , Spring; Davis, G.W., Using E85 in Vehicles (2006) Alcoholic Fuels, , S. Minteer (Editor). CRC-Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida. Chapter 8; Demirbas, A., Bioethanol from Cellulosic Materials: A Renewable Motor Fuel from Biomass (2005) Energy Sources., 27, pp. 327-337; Strategic Significance of America's Oil Shale Reserves, I (2004) Assessment of Strategic Issues, , http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves/publications, March; (2004) Strategic Significance of America's Oil Shale Reserves, II. Oil Shale Resources, Technology, and Economics, , http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves/publications, March; (2004) America's Oil Shale: A Roadmap for Federal Decision Making, , http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/reserves/publications, United States Department of Energy, Office of US Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves; Freeman, S.D., (2007) Winning Our Energy Independence: An Insider Show How, , Gibbs Smith, Salt Lake City, Utah; Gordon, (2007) Crude Oil: Uncertainty about Future Oil Supply Makes It Important to Develop a Strategy for Addressing a Peak and Decline in Oil Production. Report No. GAO-07-283. Report to Congressional Requesters, , General Accountability Office, Washington, DC. February; Gorin, E., (1981) In Chemistry of Coal Utilization. Second Supplementary Volume, , M.A. Elliott (Editor). John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Chapter 27; Ffoygaard Michaelsen, N., Egeberg, R., Nyström, S., Consider New Technology to Produce Renewable Diesel (2009) Hydrocarbon Processing, 88 (2), pp. 41-44; Karanikas;, J.M., de Rouffignac, E.P., Vinegar;, H.J., Wellington, S., (2005) In Situ Thermal Processing of An Oil Shale Formation While Inhibiting Coking, , Houston, TX United States Patent, April 12; Knothe, G., Krahl, J., Van Gerpen, J., (2005) The Biodiesel Handbook, , AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois; Lee, S., Speight, J.G., Loyalka, S., (2007) Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, , CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida. 2007; Lerner, B., (2002) The Future of Refining, , Hydrocarbon Engineering. September; Luce, G.W., Renewable Energy Solutions for and Enegy hungry World (2009) Hydrocarbon Processing, 88 (2), pp. 19-22; Lucia, L.A., Argyropoulos, D.S., Adamopoulos, L., Gaspar, A.R., Chemicals and energy from biomass (2006) Can. J. Chetn., 84, pp. 960-970; (2005) Colorado Agriculture IOF: Technology Assessments Liquid Fuels, , Prepared Under State of Colorado Purchase Order # 01-336. Governor's Office of Energy Conservation and Management, Denver, Colorado; Minteer, S., Alcoholic Fuels: An Overview (2006) Alcoholic Fuels, , S. Minteer (Editor). CRC-Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida. Chapter 1; Narayan, R., Rationale, Drivers, Standards, and Technology for Biobased Materials (2007) Renewable Resources and Renewable energy:A Global Challenge, , M. Graziana and P. Fornaserio (Editors). CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida. Chapter 1; Nersesian, R.L., (2007) Energy for the 21st Century: A Comprehensive Guide to Conventional and Alternative Fuel Sources, , M.S. Sharpe Publishers, Armonk, New York; Penning, R.T., Petroleum Refining: ALook at The Future (2001) Hydrocarbon Processing, 80 (2), pp. 45-46; Pimentel, D., Pimentel, M., Global Environmental Resources Versus World Population Growth (2006) Ecological Economics, 59, pp. 195-198; Scouten, C., (1990) In Fuel Science and Technology Handbook, , J.G. Speight (Editor). Marcel Dekker Inc., New York; Smith, I.M., (2006) Management of FGD Residues, , Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Speight, J.G., (1990) In Fuel Science and Technology Handbook, , J.G. Speight (Editor). Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. Chapter 33; Speight, J.G., (1994) The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, , 2nd Edition. Marcel Dekker inc., New York; Speight, J.G., (2007) The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, , 4th Edition. CRC-Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida; Speight, J.G., (2008) Handbook of Synthetic Fuels Handbook: Properties, Processes, and Performance, , McGraw-Hill, New York; Speight, J.G., (2009) Enhanced Recovery Methods for Heavy Oil and Tar Sands, , Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas; Speight, J.G., (2011) The Refinery of the Future, , Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom; Steinhubl, A., Wilczynski, H., Pettit, J., Click, C., Unconventional resources to Keep Pivotal Supply Role (2009) Oil & Gas Journal, 107 (4), pp. 18-20; Stranges, A.N., (1983) J. Chem. Educ., 60, p. 617; Stranges, A.N., (1987) Fuel Processing Technology, 16, p. 205; Tsai, W.T., Lee, M.K., Chang, Y.M., Fast Pyrolysis of Rice hAHusk:Product Yields and Compositions (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 22-28; Whitehurst, D.D., Mitchell, T.O., Farcasiu, M., (1980) Coal Liquefaction:The Chemistry and Technology of Thermal Processes, , Academic Press Inc., New York; (2006) Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential and Implications for Energy and Agriculture, , Prepared by the Worldwatch Institute for the German ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Consumer Protection (BMELV) in Coordination with the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the German Agency of Renewable Resources (FNR). Earthscan, London, UK; Wright, L., Boundy, R., Perlack, R., Davis, S., Saulsbury, B., (2006) Biomass Energy Data Book: Edition 1. Office of Planning, Budget and Analysis, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, United States Department of Energy. Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee},
correspondence_address1={Speight, J.G.},
publisher={Wiley Blackwell},
isbn={9781118192528; 9781118012994},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={An Introd. to Pet. Technol., Econ., and Polit.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Libal2011,
author={Libal, K. and Harding, S.},
title={Nongovernmental Organizations and Global Social Change},
journal={Handbook of International Social Work: Human Rights, Development, and the Global Profession},
year={2011},
doi={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333619.003.0048},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921637813&doi=10.1093%2facprof%3aoso%2f9780195333619.003.0048&partnerID=40&md5=331227eda7a6d3e14bdd27a47170c626},
affiliation={School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, West Hartford, CT, United States},
abstract={A hallmark of the 20th and early 21st centuries has been the emergence of civil society as a force for social change. This chapter defines international civil society as "those nongovernmental/nonprofit organizations that have cross-border linkages." Thus, it entails political processes and relationships that are established outside a given nation-state and its control. A variety of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been at the forefront of advocacy for a more just global social order, tackling persistent social inequalities and addressing such macro processes as the global economy and trade, war and armed conflict, international migration, and the realization of human rights, to name a few important domains. This chapter discusses the rise of NGO influence on global policy and politics, and advocacy to address structural roots of global social problems. © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Advocacy;  Civil society;  Global politics;  Ngos;  Social change;  Social problems},
references={Abouharb, M.R., Cingranelli, D.L., (2008) Human rights and structural adjustment, , New York: Cambridge University Press; BRAC: Alleviation of poverty and empowerment of the poor (2009), www.brac.net/index.php?nid=102, Retrieved June 1; Claiborne, N., Presence of social workers in nongovernmental organizations (2004) Social Work, 49 (2), pp. 207-218; Interfaith statement in support of comprehensive immigration reform (2005), www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/InterfaithStatement.doc, Retrieved June 1, 2009, from; Fisher, W.F., Doing good? The politics and antipolitics of NGO practices (1997) Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, pp. 439-464; Fisher, R., Karger, H., (1997) Social work and community in a private world: Getting out in public, , New York: Longman; Florini, A.M., Simmons, P.J., What the world needs now? (2000) The third force: The rise of transnational civil society, pp. 1-16. , A. M. Florini (Ed.), Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Galtung, F., A global network to curb corruption: The experience of Transparency International (2000) The third force: The rise of transnational civil society, pp. 17-48. , A. M. Florini (Ed.), Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Haeri, M., Saving Darfur: Does advocacy help or hinder conflict resolution? (2008) Praxis, 13, pp. 33-46; Hamilton, R., Hazlett, C., "Not on our watch": The emergence of the American movement for Darfur (2007) War in Darfur and the search for peace, pp. 337-366. , A. de Waal (Ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Global Initiative; Healy, L.M., (2008) International social work: Professional action in an interdependent world, , (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press; (2009) The 2008 humanitarian accountability report, , www.hapinternational.org/pool/files/2008-humanitarian-accountability-report.pdf, Retrieved May 15, 2009, from; Keck, M.E., Sikkink, K., (1998) Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Lindenberg, M., Bryant, C., (2001) Going global: Transforming relief and development NGOs, , Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press; Mekata, M., Building partnerships toward a common goal: Experiences of the international campaign to ban landmines (2000) The third force: The rise of transnational civil society, pp. 143-176. , A. M. Florini (Ed.), Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Nelson, P.J., Dorsey, E., (2008) New rights advocacy: Changing strategies of development and human rights NGOs, , Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press; Nelson, P.J., Dorsey, E., At the nexus of human rights and development: New methods and strategies of global NGOs (2003) World Development, 31 (12), pp. 2013-2026; Roff, S., Nongovernmental organizations: The strengths perspective at work (2004) International Social Work, 47 (2), pp. 202-212; Saleeby, D., Introduction: Power in the people (1992) The strengths perspective in social work practice, pp. 3-20. , D. Saleeby (Ed.), New York: Longman; Smillie, I., (2009) Freedom from want: The remarkable success story of BRAC, the global grassroots organization that's winning the fight against poverty, , Sterling, VA: Kumarian Press; International convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families (1990), www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cmw.htm, Retrieved July 10, 2009, from; (2009) Consultative status with ECOSOC, , www.un.org/esa/coordination/ngo/, Retrieved June 4, 2009, from; Velloso de Santisteban, A., The poor will always be with us-and so will NGOs (2005) Development in Practice, 15 (2), pp. 200-209; Walker, P., Maxwell, D., (2008) Shaping the humanitarian world, , New York: Routledge; Willetts, P., What is a non-governmental organization? (2002) UNESCO encyclopedia of life support systems, , www.staff.city.ac.uk/p.willetts/CS-NTWKS/NGO-ART.HTM, Retrieved May 25, 2009, from; What are non-governmental organizations (NGOs)? (2009), www.ngohandbook.org/index.php?title=What_are_Non-Governmental_Organizations_(NGOs)%3F, Retrieved June 4, 2009, from; www.americaswatch.net; www.amnesty.org; www.brac.net; www.care.org; www.cwgl.rutgers.edu; www.december18.net, December 18: International Resource Centre on the Human Rights of Migrants; www.grameen-info.org; www.hrw.org; www.hapinternational.org; www.interaction.org/index2.html; www.icrc.org; www.icva.ch/about.html; www.theirc.org; www.internationalmedicalcorps.org; www.interpares.ca; www.mercycorps.org; www.amdh.org.mx; www.madres.org; www.oxfam.org; www.savethechildren.org; www.sewa.org; http://southsummit.dreamteamtech.com; www.transparency.org; www.worldvision.org},
correspondence_address1={Libal, K.; School of Social Work, University of ConnecticutUnited States},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780199918195; 9780195333619},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Handb. of Int. Soc. Work: Hum. Rights, Dev., and the Glob. Prof.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alvarez-Ramirez20111332,
author={Alvarez-Ramirez, J. and Rodriguez, E.},
title={Long-term recurrence patterns in the late 2000 economic crisis: Evidences from entropy analysis of the Dow Jones index},
journal={Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
year={2011},
volume={78},
number={8},
pages={1332-1344},
doi={10.1016/j.techfore.2011.03.003},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053190897&doi=10.1016%2fj.techfore.2011.03.003&partnerID=40&md5=9999d069119235f54dc56cc884a3d6cc},
affiliation={Departamento de Economia, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Apartado Postal 55-534, Mexico D.F. 09340, Mexico; Departamento de Computacion, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Apartado Postal 55-534, Mexico D.F. 09340, Mexico},
abstract={The depth (4.5% US GDP decline and 9.5% stable unemployment) and duration (more than two years) of the present global economic recession have suggested to many researchers and practitioners to think that it is singular relative to previous recession that occurred in the aftermath of the World War II. It has been argued that the singularity of the late 2000 crises arises from non-precedent components, such as globalization and a dominant financial system equipped with exotic instruments (e.g., derivatives) designed from highly specialized mathematical theories. This paper uses the historic (1928-2010) Dow Jones index analyzed with informational entropy methods to show the presence of recurrent cycles with dominant periods of 4.5 and 22. years. For time series, entropy is a measure of the diversity of patterns for given time scales. In this form, the higher the entropy, the more complex the underlying system dynamics. It is shown that the present economic downturn coincides with the occurrence of a 22-year cycle in the entropy dynamics of the Dow Jones index. It suggests that the crisis is not singular, but its origin can be also explained from recurrent long-term patterns. Implications of the empirical results for the evolution of the late 2000 crisis and the potential aftermath courses of the global economy are discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},
author_keywords={Dow Jones index;  Economic recessions;  Multiscale entropy pattern},
keywords={Dow Jones;  Economic crisis;  Economic downturn;  Economic recessions;  Empirical results;  Entropy analysis;  Financial system;  Global economics;  Global economies;  Informational entropy;  Mathematical theory;  Multiscale entropy pattern;  Time-scales;  Underlying systems;  World war II, Military operations;  Time series, Entropy, economic conditions;  empirical analysis;  financial crisis;  global economy;  globalization},
references={Juglar, C., (1862) Des Crises Commerciales et Leur Retour Périodique en France, en Angleterre, et aux États-Unis, , Guillaumin et compagnie, Paris; Kitchin, J., Cycles and trends in economic factors (1923) Rev. Econ. Stat., 5, pp. 10-16; Kuznets, S.S., Secular movements in production and prices (1930) Their Nature and their Bearing upon Cyclical Fluctuations, , Houghton Mifflin, The Riverside Press, Boston; Kondratieff, N.D., The long waves in economic life (1935) Rev. Econ. Stat., 17, pp. 105-115; Schumpeter, J.A., (1939) Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process, , McGraw-Hill, New York; Haustein, H.-D., Neuwirth, E., Long waves in world industrial production, energy consumption, innovations, inventions, and patents and their identification by spectral analysis (1982) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 22, pp. 53-89; Reijnders, J., (1990) Long Waves in Economic Development, , Edward Elgar, Cheltenham UK; Berry, B.J.L., Kim, H., Baker, E.S., Low-frequency waves of inflation and economic growth: digital spectral analysis (2001) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 68, pp. 63-73; Devezas, T.C., Corredine, J.T., The biological determinants of long-wave behaviour in socioeconomic growth and development (2001) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 68, pp. 1-57; Devezas, T.C., Corredine, J.T., The nonlinear dynamics of technoeconomic systems: an informational interpretation (2002) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 69, pp. 317-357; de Groot, B., Franses, P.H., Stability through cycles (2008) Forecast. Soc. Change, 75, pp. 301-311; Devezas, T., Crises, depressions, and expansions: global analysis and secular trends (2010) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 77, pp. 739-761; Korotayev, A.V., Tsirel, S.V., A spectral analysis of world GDP dynamics: Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in global economic development and the 2008-2009 economic crisis (2010) Struct. Dyn., 4, pp. 1-55; Gulko, L., The entropic market hypothesis (1999) Int. J. Theor. Appl. Finance, 2, pp. 293-329; Darbellay, G.A., Wuertz, D., The entropy as a tool for analysing statistical dependences in financial time series (2000) Phys. A, 287, pp. 429-439; Pincus, S.M., Kalman, R.E., Irregularity, volatility, risk and financial market time series (2004) PNAS, 101, pp. 13;709-13;714; Oh, G., Kim, S., Eom, C., Market efficiency in foreign exchange markets (2007) Phys. A, 382, pp. 209-212; Giglio, R., Matsushita, R., Da Silva, S., The relative efficiency of stockmarkets (2008) Econ. Bull., 7, pp. 1-12; Zunino, L., Zanin, M., Tabak, B.M., Pérez, D.G., Rosso, O.A., Forbidden patterns, permutation entropy and stock market inefficiency (2009) Phys. A, 388, pp. 2854-2864; Risso, W.A., The informational efficiency and the financial crashes (2008) Res. Int. Bus. Finance, 22, pp. 396-408; Risso, W.A., The informational efficiency: the emerging markets versus the developed markets (2009) Appl. Econ. Lett., 16, pp. 485-487; Pincus, S.M., Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity (1991) PNAS, 88, pp. 2297-2301; Forrester, J.W., Economic conditions ahead: understanding the Kondratieff Wave (1985) Futurist, 19, pp. 16-20; Shiode, N., Li, C., Batty, M., Longley, P., Maguire, D., The impact and penetration of location-based services (2004) Telegeoinformatics: Location-based Computing and Services, pp. 349-366. , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, H.A. Karimi, A. Hammad (Eds.); Lipovetsky, G., (2005) Hypermodern Times, , Polity Press, Cambridge; Perez, C., Technological revolutions and techno-economic paradigms (2010) Camb. J. Econ., 34, pp. 185-202; Carmessi, J., Gros, D., Micossi, S., The global financial crisis: causes and cures (2009) J. Common Market Stud., 47, pp. 977-996; IMF From recession to recovery: how soon and how strong? (2009) IMF World Economic Outlook (Chapter 3), April 2009; Fama, E.F., Efficient capital markets: a review of theory and empirical work (1970) J. Finance, 25, pp. 383-417},
correspondence_address1={Rodriguez, E.; Departamento de Computacion, Apartado Postal 55-534, Mexico D.F. 09340, Mexico; email: rofe@xanum.uam.mx},
issn={00401625},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Carter201187,
author={Carter, C.A. and Rausser, G.C. and Smith, A.},
title={Commodity booms and busts},
journal={Annual Review of Resource Economics},
year={2011},
volume={3},
pages={87-118},
doi={10.1146/annurev.resource.012809.104220},
note={cited By 85},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053012799&doi=10.1146%2fannurev.resource.012809.104220&partnerID=40&md5=427cd1403aca3d14b2aee96630f4076b},
affiliation={Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California, United States; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States},
abstract={Periodically, the global economy experiences great commodity booms and busts, characterized by a broad and sharp comovement of commodity prices. There have been two such episodes since the Korean War. The first event peaked in 1974 and the second in 2008, 34 years apart. Both created major economic and political shocks, including fallen governments and human suffering due to high food prices. Each occurrence raised serious concerns over food and energy security and led to more government intervention in the commodity markets. Although there is no simple explanation for what causes such complex events, they do share similar characteristics. We find at the core of these cycles a set of contemporaneous supply and demand surprises that coincided with low inventories and that were magnified by macroeconomic shocks and policy responses. In the next few decades, the world faces the prospect of continued increases in the demand for commodities and greater uncertainty about supply. However, because market participants are likely to respond by increasing inventory holdings and investing in new technologies, we see no reason to expect an increase in the frequency of dramatic commodity booms and busts. © 2011 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Asset bubbles;  Commodity markets;  Food price crisis;  Inventories;  Oil prices;  Speculation},
references={Abbott, P., Export restrictions as stabilization responses to food crises (2011) Presented at Allied Soc. Sci. Assoc. Meet., , Denver, CO; Ai, C., Chatrath, A., Song, F., On the comovement of commodity prices (2006) American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 88 (3), pp. 574-588. , DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00880.x; Alston, J.M., Beddow, J.M., Pardey, P.G., Agricultural research, productivity, and food prices in the long run (2009) Science, 325, pp. 1209-10; Anderson, K., Martin, W., (2006) Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda, , eds. London/Washington, DC: Palgrave Macmillan/World Bank; Anderson, K., Martin, W., Export restrictions and price insulation during commodity price booms (2011) Am J. Agric. Econ., , In press; Anderson, K., Nelgen, S., How do governments respond to food price spikes? Lessons from the past (2010) J. Int. Commer. Econ. Policy, 1, pp. 1-21; Anderson, R.W., Danthine, J.P., Hedging and joint production: Theory and illustrations (1980) J. Finance, 35, pp. 487-98; Ardeni, P.G., Freebairn, J., The macroeconomics of agriculture (2002) Handbook of Agricultural Eco- Nomics, 2 A, pp. 1455-85. , ed. B Gardner, G Rausser Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland; Ardeni, P.G., Rausser, G.C., Alternative subsidy reduction paths: The role of fiscal and monetary policy linkages (1995) GATT Negotiations and the Political Economy of Policy Reform, pp. 315-45. , ed. G Rausser Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Askari, H., Cummings, J., (1976) Agriculture Supply Response: A Survey of the Econometric Evidence, , New York: Praeger; Baffes, J., Haniotis, T., Placing the 2006/08 commodity price boom into perspective (2010) Policy Res. Work. Pap., (5), p. 371. , World Bank; Bessembinder, H., Systematic risk, hedging pressure, and risk premiums in futures markets (1992) Rev. Financ. Stud., 5, pp. 637-67; Blinder, A.S., The anatomy of double-digit inflation in the 1970s (1982) Inflation: Causes and Effects, pp. 261-82. , ed. RE Hall Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press; Blinder, A.S., Rudd, J.B., The supply-shock explanation of the Great Stagflation revisited (2008) Work. Pap. No. 14, 563. , Natl. Bur. Econ. Res; Bobenreith, E., Bobenreith, J., Wright, B.D., A model of supply of storage (2004) Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52 (3), pp. 605-616. , DOI 10.1086/383331; Bray, M., Futures trading, rational expectations and the efficient markets hypothesis (1981) Econometrica, 49, pp. 575-96; Brennan, D., Williams, J., Wright, B.D., Convenience yield without the convenience: A spatial-temporal interpretation of storage under backwardation (1997) Economic Journal, 107 (443), pp. 1009-1022; Brennan, M.J., The supply of storage (1958) Am. Econ. Rev., 48, pp. 50-72; Brennan, M.J., Schwartz, E.S., Evaluating natural resource investments (1985) J. 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correspondence_address1={Carter, C.A.; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, , Davis, CA 95616, United States; email: cacarter@ucdavis.edu},
issn={19411340},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hendrick2011,
author={Hendrick, J.D.},
title={Media wars and the gulen factor in the new Turkey},
journal={Middle East Report},
year={2011},
volume={41},
number={260},
page_count={5},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880018464&partnerID=40&md5=315c2553aafc0ca4524ba65c8fe2bb73},
abstract={Turkey's experience in the twenty-first century is characterized, at least in part, by the efforts of a 'conservative democratic' coalition against an eroding state class elite. Although led by the Justice and Development Party (AKP), this coalition is reliant upon the increased legitimacy of a new block of supportive media and a new international campaign to expand and redefine Turkish national identity for a global audience. Since the AKP came to power in 2002, national debates about the proper relationship between faith and government have shifted to favor Islamic actors who have found opportunities in Turkey's global economic integration and the democratization of the Turkish state and society. Five years later, however, a reformed party emerged under the leadership of a younger generation of faith-inspired conservatives. In 2002, less than one year after its inception, the AKP managed to win approximately 34 percent of the vote, a feat that it surpassed in 2007 when its deputies won a 47 percent plurality at the polls.},
keywords={democratization;  economic integration;  global economy;  government relations;  Islamism;  leadership;  media role;  national identity;  party politics;  political relations, Turkey},
references={Buǧra, A., (1994) State and Business in Modern Turkey: A Comparative Study, p. 56. , Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; Hendrick, J.D., Globalization, islamic activism and passive revolution in turkey: The case of fethullah gülen (2009) Journal of Power, 2; Gülen, F., (2000) Pearls of Wisdom, pp. 83-84. , Fairfax, VA: The Fountain; Keneş, B., (2009) Where Do WAN-IFRA and Doǧan Group Stand Vis-à-Vis Freedom of the Press, , Today's Zaman, December 2; Jenkins, G., (2009) Between Fact and Fantasy: Turkey's Ergenekon Investigation, , Washington DC: Central Asia-Caucasus and Silk Road Studies Program; Finkel, A., A dilemma (2011) Milliyet, , April 6; http://brokencontrollers.com/the-imam-s-army-arrested-journalist-s-book, A Digital Copy Of Şik's Banned Manuscript Is Available For Download In Turkish Here; (2008) NIS News Bulletin, , November 7; Lahaj, M., (2007) An American Muslim in Istanbul, , Today's Zaman, July 11; Tanir, I., Can Turkish and armenian diasporas open the channels of dialogue? (2010) Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review, , March 8},
correspondence_address1={Hendrick, J.D.},
issn={08992851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Middle East Rep.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mookherjee2011399,
author={Mookherjee, N.},
title={Mobilising images: Encounters of 'forced' migrants and the Bangladesh war of 1971},
journal={Mobilities},
year={2011},
volume={6},
number={3},
pages={399-414},
doi={10.1080/17450101.2011.590037},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052862924&doi=10.1080%2f17450101.2011.590037&partnerID=40&md5=679eb7a4f45347687cffda8e84f4827d},
affiliation={Durham University, Department of Anthropology, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom},
abstract={In trying to outline the relationship between mobilities and cosmopolitanism, the nation state is always posited by scholars against cosmopolitanism. Mobility of images however, instead of denationalising spaces in fact fortifies the stereotypes of different territories. The cosmopolitan outlook that is deemed to be inherent to critical mobilities can identify with these mobile images and ideas precisely because of what is already perceived about a certain country. The article examines how the mobile images of the 'Help Bangladesh' poster and the concert in 1971, reinforces a certain representation of East Pakistan/Bangladesh as only poor and starving. It is this fixing of the image of the nation through mobile images which also comes into play when considering the concept of 'forced' migration. In trying to unpick and critique the so called the disjunction between the idea of 'forced' migration and migration by 'choice', in this article I focus on the encounter between middle class refugees, the poor and the raped migrant woman of the Bangladesh war of 1971 and the resulting displacement. The documentary Muktir Gaan (Songs of Freedom 1995) - billed as a documentary and a 'road movie' imbued with adventure, eroticism, pain and prospect of freedom - is the lens through which the paper highlights the encounter between different 'forced' migrants as a result of war and its resultant implications for a sociology of mobilities. It also allows an examination of the political economy of different 'forced' migrants, their classed and gendered locations. By focusing on romanticism linked to the idea of the adventure of war, the paper reveals who can be mobile or not and the conditions under which this mobility is made possible. In the process, the paper questions the potential of a global economy of signs to nurture a transantional civil society and global public. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={Bangladesh;  Cosmopolitanism;  Images;  Migrant;  Mobilities;  Raped women;  War},
keywords={civil society;  forced migration;  image;  media role;  mobility;  refugee;  social conflict;  war;  womens status, Bangladesh},
references={Ahmed, S., Bangalir Sadhana O Bangladesher Muktijuddho (1992) Bengali's Struggle and Bangladesh's Liberation War, , Dhaka: Sahitya Prakash); Alama, M., Gerila Theke Samukha Juddhe (1992) From Guerilla to Conventional Warfare, , Dhaka: Jatiya Sahitya Prakashan); Beck, U., Mobility and the cosmopolitan perspective (2008) Tracing Mobilities: Towards a Cosmopolitan Perspective, , in: W. Canzler, V. Kaufmann & S. Kesselring (Eds, Aldershot: Ashgate; Beck, U., Sznaider, N., Unpacking cosmopolitanism for the social sciences: A research agenda (2006) British Journal of Sociology, 57 (1), pp. 381-403; Bennett, O., Bexeley, J., Warnock, K., (1995) Arms to Fight, Arms to Protect: Women Speak Out About Conflict, , London: Panos; Bhuiyan, A.W., (1982) Emergence of Bangladesh and Role of Awami League, , New Delhi: Vikas); Castaneda, C., (2003) Figurations: Child, Bodies, Worlds, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press); Cresswell, T., (1993) Mobility As Resistance - a Geographical Reading of Kerouac On the Road, 18, pp. 249-262. , Transactions - Institute of British Geographers; Cresswell, T., Dixon, D., (2002) Engaging Film: Geographies of Mobility and Identity, , Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield); Delanty, G., The cosmopolitan imagination: Critical cosmopolitanism and social theory (2006) British Journal of Sociology, 57 (1), pp. 25-47; Ellis, W.S., (1972) Bangladesh: Hope Nourishes a New Nation, pp. 295-333. , National Geographic, (September; Goodwin, J., The libidinal constitution of a high-risk social movement: Affectual ties and solidarity in the Huk Rebellion, 1946 to 1954 (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 53-69; Jasper, J.M., (1997) The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography and Creativity In Social Movements, , Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press); Kader, M.T., (1993) Bangladeshi Films, , Dhaka: Bangla Academy); Kerouac, J., (1957) On the Road, , London: Penguin); Low, S.M., Lawrence-Zuniga, D., (2003) Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture, , Oxford: Wiley Blackwell); Maniruzzaman, T., Bangladesh: An unfinished revoloution? (1975) Journal of Asian Studies, 34 (4), pp. 895-898; Mascarenhas, A., (1971) The Rape of Bangladesh, , Calcutta: Vikas Publications); Molz, J.G., Gibson, S., (2007) Mobilizing Hospitality: The Ethics of Social Relations In a Mobile World, , Aldershot: Ashgate); Mookherjee, N., Introduction: Aesthetics of nations: Anthropological and historical perspectives (2011) Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI), pp. S1-S20; Mookherjee, N., Never again: Aesthetics of 'genocidal' cosmopolitanism and the Bangladesh Liberation War Museum (2011) Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI), pp. S71-S91; Mookherjee, N., Culinary boundaries and the making of place in Bangladesh (2008) South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 31 (1), pp. 56-75; Mookherjee, N., (2012) The Spectral Wound: Sexual Violence, , Public Memories and the Bangladesh War of 1971 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press); Muhith, A.M.A., (1992) Bangladesh: Emergence of a Nation, , Dhaka: University Press Limited); Rahmana, H., Bangladesher Svadhinota Yuddha Dolilpotr (1982) Documents of the Bangladesh Independence War, , Dhaka: People's Republic of Bangladesh, Information Ministry; Roy, P., (2003) Figures of Famine, Paper Presented In Seminar Series On 'Food and Emotion In South Asian Literature', p. 2003. , SOAS, University of London; Shaw, M., (2000) Theory of the Global State: Globality As Unfinished Revolution, , Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press); Sisson, R., Rose, L., (1990) War and Secession: Pakistan, India and The Creation of Bangladesh, , Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press); Urry, J., Mobile sociology (2010) British Journal of Sociology, pp. 347-366; Urry, J., (2000) Sociology Beyond Societies, , London: Routledge); van Hear, N., (2004) 'I Went As Far As My Money Would Take Me': Conflict, Forced Migration and Class, , Working Paper 6. Oxford, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), University of Oxford; Williams, R., (1972) The East Pakistan Tragedy, , London: Tom Stacey)},
correspondence_address1={Mookherjee, N.; Durham University, , Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; email: nayanika.mookherjee@durham.ac.uk},
issn={17450101},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mobilities},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wolford2011575,
author={Wolford, W.},
title={Development: Part II},
journal={The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Human Geography},
year={2011},
pages={575-587},
doi={10.1002/9781444395839.ch42},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885558446&doi=10.1002%2f9781444395839.ch42&partnerID=40&md5=ae616671f7d66c41fc2aa1aaa029211d},
affiliation={Cornell University, United States},
author_keywords={"Development"-a vague and unaccountable promise of improvement, continual upward movement along a given trajectory for countries, maximizing returns through market production;  21st century, new context for Development theory and practice;  Cornerstone of the new global economy-and trade liberalization (Mosley 2007);  Dependency Theories, influential in academic social sciences-experiencing a revival in the 1990s;  Development Economics-moving on from the Second World War, entangled in a new geopolitical conflict, the Cold War;  Development thinking in human geography-not intended to be prescriptive, influenced by one primary argument;  Development, reflecting concern with growth and expansion-that has defined capitalism;  Getting a sense for what a new framework-would have to look like, global amnesty for the sins of the past, colonization, debt and delineation of national borders;  Good medical care and education-elements of a dignified living, sustaining beyond lifespan of a development project;  New theories, tools and data-housed in institutions that emerged from war-time discussions, the International Monetary Fund for monitoring and stabilizing international exchange rates and trade balances},
keywords={Military operations, Dependency Theories, influential in academic social sciences-experiencing a revival in the 1990s;  Development thinking in human geography-not intended to be prescriptive, influenced by one primary argument;  Development, reflecting concern with growth and expansion-that has defined capitalism;  Getting a sense for what a new framework-would have to look like, global amnesty for the sins of the past, colonization, debt and delineation of national borders;  International monetary fund;  Life span;  Second World War;  Theory and practice;  Trade liberalizations;  Upward movement, Commerce},
references={Acemoglu, D.S., Johnson, S., Robinson, J.A., The Colonial Origins Of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation (2001) American Economic Review, 91 (5), pp. 1369-1401; Agrawal, A., (2005) Environmentality, , Duke University Press, Durham; Agrawal, A., Gupta, K., Decentralization and Participation: The Governance of Common Pool Resources in Nepal's Terai (2005) World Development, 33 (7), pp. 1101-1114; Alvarez, S., Social movements and social relations (1998) Cultures of politics/Politics of culture: Re-visioning Latin American social movements, , S.E. Alvarez, E. Dagnino., and A. Escobar (eds), Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado; Alvarez, S., Beyond NGO-ization?: Reflections from Latin America (2009) Development, 52, pp. 175-184; Arrighi, G., (1994) The Long Twentieth Century, , Verso, London; Baer, W., Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin America: Experiences and Interpretations (1972) Latin American Research Review, 7, pp. 95-122. , (Spring); Bhagwati, J., (2004) In Defense of Globalization, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bond, P., Dada, R., (2005) Trouble in the Air: Global Warming and the Privatised Atmosphere, , Trans National Institute; Cardoso, F.H., Faletto, E., (1979) Dependency and Underdevelopment in Latin America, , University of California Press, Berkeley; Chari, S., Corbridge, S., (2008) The Development Reader, , Routledge, New York; Clark, C., (1957) The conditions of economic progress, , McMillian, London; Cohen, J., (1994) How Many People Can the Earth Support?, , Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; Cowen, M., Shenton, R., (1996) Doctrines of Development, , Routledge, London; Diamond, J., (1997) Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies, , W.W. Norton & Co, New York; De Soto, H., (2000) The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Truimphs in the West and Fails everywhere else, , Basis Books, New York; Esobar, A., Alvarez, S.E., The Making of Social Movements In Latin America: Identity, strategy and democracy (1992) Series in Policital Economy and Economic Development in Latin America, , Westview Press, Boulder; Escobar, A., (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey; Escobar, A., Latin America at a Crossroads: Alternative modernizations, post-liberalism, or post-development? (2010) Cultural Studies, 24 (1), pp. 1-65; Esteva, G., Development (1992) The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, pp. 6-25. , W. Sacs (ed.), Zed Books, London; Ferguson, J., (1994) The Anti-Politics Machine: Development, Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, , University of Minnesota Press, St. Louis; Ferguson, J., (2006) Global Shadows: Africa in the neoliberal world order, , Duke University Press, Durham; Fisher, M., Reimer, J., Carr, E., Who Should be Interviewed in Surveys of Household Income? (2010) World Development, 38 (7), pp. 966-973; Fox, J., The World Bank and Social Capital: Contesting the Concept in Practice (1997) UC Santa Cruz: Center for Global, International and Regional Studies, , http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6764j1h0, (accessed 20th October 2010); Frank, A.G., The Development of Underdevelopment (1966) Monthly Review, 18; Friedman, M., (2002) Capitalism and Freedom, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Friedman, T., (2000) The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization, reprint edition, , Anchor Books, New York; Fukuyama, F., (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, , Free Press, New York; Gallup, J.L., Sachs, J.D., Mellinger, A.D., Geography and Economic Development (1999) International Regional Science Review, 22 (2), pp. 179-232; Goodman, M., (2005) Imperial Nature: The World Bank and Struggles for Social Justice in the Age of Globalization, , Yale University Press, New Haven; Gregory, D., (1994) Geographical Imaginations, , Blackwell, Cambridge; Gupta, A., (1998) Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the making of modern India, , Duke University Press, Durham; Hart, G., Development critiques in the 1990s: culs de sac and promising paths (2001) Progress in Human Geography, 25 (4), pp. 649-658; Hart, G., (2002) Disabling Globalization: Places of power in post-apartheid South Africa, , University of California Press, Berkeley; Hart, G., Geography and Development: Development/s Beyond Neoliberalism? 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Robbins (eds), Routledge, London; McMichael, P., (2003) Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, , Pine Forge Press, New York; Mitchell, T., Fixing the economy (1998) Cultural Studies, 12 (1), pp. 82-101; Momsen, J.H., (1991) Women and Development in the Third World, , Routledge Press, New York; Momsen, J.H., (2004) Gender and Development, , Routledge Press, New York; Mosley, L., The Political Economy of Globalization (2007) Globalization Theory, pp. 106-126. , D. Held, and A. McGrew. (eds), Polity Press, Cambridge; Mosse, D., (2005) Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice, , Pluto Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan; North, D.C., (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, , Cambridge University Press, New York; O'Tuathail, G., Dalby, S., Routledge, P., (1998) The Geopolitics Reader, , Routledge, New York; Peluso, N., Watts, M., (2001) Violent Environments, , Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York; Perelman, M., (2001) The Secret History of Primitive Accumulation, , The Commoner 2, 21; Polanyi, K., (2001) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, , [1944], Beacon Press, Boston; Prebisch, R., (1950) The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems, , United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs; Prudham, S., The Fictions of Autonomous Invention: Accumulation by dispossession, commodification, and life patents in Canada (2007) Antipode, 39 (3), pp. 406-429; Ribot, J., Authority over Forests: Empowerment and Subordination in Senegal's Democratic Decentralization (2009) Development and Change, 40 (1), pp. 105-129; Rodik, D., Subramanian, A., Trebbi, F., Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and INtegration in Economic Development (2004) Journal of Economic Growth, 2 (6), pp. 131-165; Rosenstein-Rodan, P.N., The International Development of Economically Backward Areas (1944) International Affairs, 20 (2), pp. 157-165; Rosenstein-Rodan, P.N., Notes on the Theory of the Big Push (1961) Economic development for Latin America, , H. Ellis, and H.C. Wallich (eds), St. Martin's Press, New York; Rostow, W.W., (1960) The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Sachs, J., (2005) The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for our Time, , Penguin Press, New York; Sachs, W., (1992) The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, , Zed Books, London; Scherer-Warren, I., Krischke, P.J., (1987) Uma Revolução no Cotidiano?: Os novos movimentos sociais na América Latina, , Editora Brasiliense, São Paulo; Smith, N., (1984) Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space, , Basil Blackwell, New York; Sundberg, J., Conservation, Globalization, and Democratization: Exploring the contradictions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala (2006) Globalization and the New Geographies of Conservation, pp. 259-276. , K. Zimmerer (ed.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago; (2007) The Global Literacy Challenge, , UNESCO, C. R. a. M. S.-I. Prepared and edited by Mark Richmond; Wallerstein, I., (1974) The Modern World System, , Academic Press, New York; Watts, M., (1983) Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria, , University of California Press, Berkeley; Watts, M., Development I: power, knowledge, discursive practice (1993) Progress in Human Geography, 17 (2), pp. 257-272; Watts, M., Development (2000) Dictionary of Human Geography, , D. Gregory, R.J. Johnston, G. Pratt, M. Watts (eds), Wiley-Blackwell, New York; Watts, M., (2001) 1968 and All That... Progress in Human Geography, 25 (2), pp. 157-188; Watts, M., Antimonies of Community: Some thoughts on geography, resources and empire (2004) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29, pp. 195-216; Williamson, J., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened? (1990) Institute for International Economics, , Washington; Woolcock, M., Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework (1998) Theory and Society, 27 (2), pp. 151-208; (2007) World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development, , World Bank, Washington, DC, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank},
correspondence_address1={Wolford, W.; Cornell UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Wiley-Blackwell},
isbn={9781405189897},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Hum. Geogr.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor201117,
author={U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration},
title={Flight plan 2009: Analysis of the U.S. aerospace industry},
journal={U.S. Aerospace Industry: Analysis and Prospects},
year={2011},
pages={17-90},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083932604&partnerID=40&md5=9a0344d5aec650c4bc1e6cb17e9c4ff2},
abstract={The year 2008 was an eventful twelve months for the U.S. and global aerospace industry. After several years of sustained growth, capped by the largest upturn in the U.S. aerospace market since World War II, the U.S. and global aerospace industry are facing challenges from a number of factors, the largest of which is the current global economic downturn. In spite of the unquestioned effect of the downturn, the U.S. aerospace industry actually experienced modest growth overall in 2008. Although the near-term outlook for 2009 remains somewhat uncertain, the global economic fundamentals remain in place to support long-term, sustained industry growth. Despite a number of factors driving down the overall global economy, the U.S. aerospace industry as a whole showed reasonable strength in 2008. When viewed in the context of recent record performance, the industry=s 2008 financial results are encouraging. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2008 total sales of U.S. aerospace products and parts were $257 billion, an increase of 3.4 percent over 2007. After-tax profits on these sales were $15.3 billion, which represented a decline of 16.3 percent over 2007.1 Aerospace industry exports remained relatively strong at $82.4 billion, which was a 5.2 percent decrease from 2007.2 Although the corporate parents of a number of aerospace manufacturers experienced declines in income for 2008, in some cases the aerospace segment of these manufacturers not only booked a profit but actually realized a profit increase in 2008 over 2007. Most notably, GE, which is the corporate parent of aircraft engine manufacturer GE Aviation, realized a 2008 income of $17.4 billion, which was a 21.60 percent decrease from 2007. GE=s stock value also fell in 2008, losing more than 50 percent of its market value by year end. For the same period, however, GE Aviation actually experienced a 14.3 percent profit increase.3 Aside from the global economic downturn, other factors impacted the U.S. and global aerospace market. As in 2007, continued weakness of the U.S. dollar against the euro and other major foreign currencies made U.S. products more affordable in foreign markets. Dollar-denominated goods such as large civil aircraft (LCA) manufactured by Boeing, aircraft engines from Pratt & Whitney and GE, rotorcraft produced by Bell/Textron and Sikorsky, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) produced by numerous smaller aerospace companies, benefitted from a favorable exchange rate in comparison to competitors from Europe, Japan and elsewhere. The exchange rate advantage likely mitigated to some degree the effects of the global economic downturn on the U.S. aerospace market. The rapid rise in oil prices during the first seven months of 2008, which capped a more steady increase since 2003, adversely impacted the global commercial aviation industry. Although oil prices moderated somewhat by the end of the year, the long-term impact of higher fuel costs on the global aerospace industry, which provides aircraft, parts and service for commercial aviation, is significant. As a result of rapidly increasing oil prices in the first half of the year, fuel expenses accounted for 32 percent of operating expenses for global aviation companies in 2008, which was almost double the 2004 level of 17 percent. Although fuel as a percentage of total operating expense is forecast to drop to 29 percent in 2009, the long-term upward trend is incentivizing civil aviation operators to look more aggressively for ways to reduce their fuel expenses.4 This search is driving demand for more fuel-efficient aircraft like Boeing=s 787 Dreamliner as well as new fuel efficient engines like Pratt & Whitney=s PW1000G PurePower Geared Turbofan and GE Aviation=s GEnx models. These new, more efficient aircraft and engines will help operators reduce fuel consumption and lower operating expenses. Finally, aircraft and engine manufacturers are engaged in research on use of alternative aviation fuels produced from a variety of non-petroleum sources. In the long term, these alternative fuels may also help operators reduce fuel costs and thus maximize profitability. Another factor driving the global aerospace market is the ongoing trend towards consolidation. Both domestic and international ventures that facilitate market access, as well as cost, risk and information sharing, are becoming more numerous. U.S.-only joint ventures (JV) like the Engine Alliance, a 50/50 JV between GE Aviation and Pratt & Whitney as well as international ventures like Supeiet International, formed by Italian aerospace company Alenia Aeronautica and Sukhoi Civil Aircraft to market and sell Sukhoi=s Superjet 100, are representative of this trend. The largest and potentially most influential consolidation, however, is Russia=s United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). UAC is a Russian government-owned joint stock company that consolidates the scientific and production potential of the Russian aircraft industry as well as the intellectual, industrial and financial resources for new aircraft development into a single state-owned and controlled entity.5 UAC has already negotiated design and production agreements with a number of U.S. and European aerospace companies, and UAC senior leadership has set a goal of becoming the world=s third largest aircraft manufacturer by 2015.6 As in years past, the issue perceived by the industry to have the largest impact on competitiveness is U.S. export control policy. Concerns about the ability to receive a U.S. export license for aerospace products, especially communications satellites, have caused foreign competitors to .design out. U.S. components, purchase products containing no U.S. parts, and strengthen partnerships with other countries in order to avoid the need to apply for a U.S. export license. Even though the U.S. State Department has worked diligently to process licenses faster and make the application process more transparent, the negative perception continues to encourage foreign counterparts to seek products elsewhere, thereby hurting U.S. competitiveness. The greatest impact has been felt by satellite components suppliers, but the impact of U.S. export control policies is widely shared by all aerospace sectors. Taking the uncertainty of current economic conditions into consideration, it is difficult to predict overall aerospace industry performance in the near term. In the longer term, however, prospects are good for continued, steady growth. Large civil aircraft, rotorcraft, general aviation aircraft, regional and business jets, engines/powerplants, communications satellites, military unmanned aerial systems (UAS), and airport infrastructure and safety equipment should continue to experience steady growth. Other sectors, such as launch services, are experiencing lower but steady growth as they recover from market disruptions and/or adapt to commercial markets. The launch services sector could experience faster growth if the demand for satellite telecommunications services increases. The maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) market has finally recovered to pre-9/11 levels, and growth in this sector will be led by expanding aircraft fleets in India, Eastern Europe, South America and China. The market for civil/commercial UAS remains stagnant in the absence of civil regulations for certification and operation in the national air space; however, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and civil aviation authorities in Europe and Asia are working towards rationalization of civil certification procedures. Key markets for U.S. aerospace exports remain India, China, Russia, Japan, and Europe. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Aerospace industry;  Aircraft engines;  Aircraft fuels;  Alternative fuels;  Antennas;  Civil aviation;  Communication satellites;  Competition;  Costs;  Engines;  International trade;  Manufacture;  Mergers and acquisitions;  Military communications;  Petroleum prospecting;  Product design;  Profitability;  Repair;  Sales;  Satellites;  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), Civil Aviation Authority;  Commercial aviation industry;  Communications satellite;  Federal Aviation Administration;  Maintenance , repair and overhauls;  Satellite telecommunication;  U.S. aerospace industry;  Unmanned aerial systems, Fighter aircraft},
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@ARTICLE{Morrissey2011874,
author={Morrissey, J.},
title={Closing the Neoliberal Gap: Risk and Regulation in the Long War of Securitization},
journal={Antipode},
year={2011},
volume={43},
number={3},
pages={874-900},
doi={10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00823.x},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955736634&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-8330.2010.00823.x&partnerID=40&md5=b94da444dd8fec40b61b62c57a867c3b},
affiliation={Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland},
abstract={When US military commanders refer today to the "long war", they could more instructively refer to the "long war of securitization", involving both practices of war and reconstruction that have always been based on a therapeutic logic of preemption and an endgame of protection from global economic risk. Since the early 1980s, the centrepiece of US foreign policy has been the securitization of the Persian Gulf region, with the newly created United States Central Command (CENTCOM) given the task of effecting a grand strategy that has subsequently been consistently based on two interrelated tactics: first, the discursive identification and positing of the Persian Gulf as a precarious yet pivotal geoeconomic space, essential to US and global economic health; and second, the enactment of a dual military-economic securitization strategy to secure, patrol and regulate designated "vital interests" in the region. With the rhetorical power of "risk management" perhaps more palpable today than ever, this paper reflects on the neoliberal discourses of "risk" and "regulation" that sustain a "long war" in which the perennial potentiality of a volatile global political economy necessitates securitization by US military force. © 2010 The Author Journal compilation © 2010 Editorial Board of Antipode.},
author_keywords={Geoeconomics;  Geopolitics;  Risk;  Securitization;  United States Central Command},
keywords={foreign policy;  geopolitics;  global economy;  national security;  neoliberalism;  political economy;  risk factor, Arabian Sea;  Indian Ocean;  Persian Gulf;  United States},
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correspondence_address1={Morrissey, J.; Department of Geography, , Galway, Ireland; email: john.morrissey@nuigalway.ie},
issn={00664812},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Antipode},
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@ARTICLE{Kim2011337,
author={Kim, N.},
title={Korea on the brink: Reading the yonp'yong shelling and its aftermath},
journal={Journal of Asian Studies},
year={2011},
volume={70},
number={2},
pages={337-356},
doi={10.1017/S0021911811000908},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960231364&doi=10.1017%2fS0021911811000908&partnerID=40&md5=ceb6aa08ae378e6dfb0ee65e2222db01},
affiliation={Department of History, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, United States},
abstract={By late December 2010, the truculence of brinkmanship between the two Koreas made it easy to forget that more auspicious signs of compromise had come as recently as this past autumn. The resumption of reunions among separated Korean families in late October and early November appeared to signal a modest improvement in inter-Korean cooperation, raising hopes that a program of cross-border family meetings would not only continue, but also expand. Yet, those hopes were dashed only weeks later when a military crisis escalated off the west coast of the Korean peninsula. On November 23 in a contested maritime zone, a South Korean military exercise was challenged by a North Korean artillery unit, which escalated the confrontation by shelling a South Korean island - killing four South Koreans including two civilians. In the artillery exchange that followed between the two sides, five North Korean soldiers were killed. The stark contrast between the pathos of the tearful family reunions and the panic and anger following the shelling of Yonp'yong Island, illustrated how quickly the inter-Korean situation had deteriorated. During the same month when South Korea hosted world leaders at the G-20 summit in Seoul to discuss the state of the global economy and the risks of a brewing "currency war," the family reunions and deadly artillery attack served as sobering reminders that the Korean War, never formally ended, still continues. © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011.},
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correspondence_address1={Kim, N.; Department of History, United States; email: ynkp@uwm.edu},
issn={00219118},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ginsburgh20111,
author={Ginsburgh, V. and Weber, S.},
title={How Many Languages Do We Need?: The Economics of Linguistic Diversity},
journal={How Many Languages Do We Need?: The Economics of Linguistic Diversity},
year={2011},
volume={9781400838905},
pages={1-232},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924244150&partnerID=40&md5=77bb04dbca9337b409ca14c539441c24},
abstract={In the global economy, linguistic diversity influences economic and political development as well as public policies in positive and negative ways. It leads to financial costs, communication barriers, divisions in national unity, and, in some extreme cases, conflicts and war--but it also produces benefits related to group and individual identity. What are the specific advantages and disadvantages of linguistic diversity and how does it influence social and economic progress? This book examines linguistic diversity as a global social phenomenon and considers what degree of linguistic variety might result in the greatest economic good. Victor Ginsburgh and Shlomo Weber look at linguistic proximity between groups and between languages. They describe and use simple economic, linguistic, and statistical tools to measure diversity's impact on growth, development, trade, the quality of institutions, translation issues, voting patterns in multinational competitions, and the likelihood and intensity of civil conflicts. They address the choosing of core languages in a multilingual community, such as the European Union, and argue that although too many official languages might harm cohesiveness, efficiency, and communication, reducing their number brings about alienation and disenfranchisement of groups. Demonstrating that the value and drawbacks of linguistic diversity are universal, How Many Languages Do We Need? suggests ways for designing appropriate linguistic policies for today's multilingual world. © 2011 by Princeton University Press. All Rights Reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Ginsburgh, V.},
publisher={Princeton University Press},
isbn={9781400838905; 9780691136899},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={How Many Lang. Do We Need?: The Econ. of Linguistic Divers.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ginsburgh2011,
author={Ginsburgh, V. and Weber, S.},
title={How many languages do we need?: The economics of linguistic diversity},
journal={How Many Languages Do We Need?: The Economics of Linguistic Diversity},
year={2011},
page_count={232},
note={cited By 79},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958028943&partnerID=40&md5=bc8be4a79ebc8017aac76f3d7ae77a3f},
affiliation={European Center for Advanced Research in Economics and Statistics, Brussels, Belgium; Center of Operations Research and Econometrics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Southern Methodist University, United States; New Economic School, Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={In the global economy, linguistic diversity influences economic and political development as well as public policies in positive and negative ways. It leads to financial costs, communication barriers, divisions in national unity, and, in some extreme cases, conflicts and war--but it also produces benefits related to group and individual identity. What are the specific advantages and disadvantages of linguistic diversity and how does it influence social and economic progress? This book examines linguistic diversity as a global social phenomenon and considers what degree of linguistic variety might result in the greatest economic good.Victor Ginsburgh and Shlomo Weber look at linguistic proximity between groups and between languages. They describe and use simple economic, linguistic, and statistical tools to measure diversity's impact on growth, development, trade, the quality of institutions, translation issues, voting patterns in multinational competitions, and the likelihood and intensity of civil conflicts. They address the choosing of core languages in a multilingual community, such as the European Union, and argue that although too many official languages might harm cohesiveness, efficiency, and communication, reducing their number brings about alienation and disenfranchisement of groups.Demonstrating that the value and drawbacks of linguistic diversity are universal,How Many Languages Do We Need?suggests ways for designing appropriate linguistic policies for today's multilingual world. © 2011 by Princeton University Press. All Rights Reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Ginsburgh, V.; European Center for Advanced Research in Economics and Statistics, Brussels, Belgium},
publisher={Princeton University Press},
isbn={9780691136899},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={How Many Lang. Do We Need?: The Econ. of Linguistic Diversit.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Halperin2011207,
author={Halperin, S.},
title={The political economy of Anglo-American War: The case of Iraq},
journal={International Politics},
year={2011},
volume={48},
number={2-3},
pages={207-228},
doi={10.1057/ip.2011.4},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955570166&doi=10.1057%2fip.2011.4&partnerID=40&md5=dd4e5ab3d451fd873449b158aa1c2edb},
affiliation={Department of Politics International Relations, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article relates the Anglo-American invasion of Iraq to fundamental aspects of Anglo-American political economy, including the increasing integration of the British and US economies, and the largely Anglo-American-led project of global economic restructuring currently taking place. Part I discusses the political economy of UK-US relations and the evolution of an Anglo-American military-industrial conglomerate. Part II links the Anglo-American relations and interests detailed in the first part of the article to an on-going project of global reconstruction. With this as a context, Part III reviews the history of British and US foreign policies towards Iraq and the culmination of these policies in the invasion of the country. The conclusions draw implications for the overall nature and direction of current trends of change. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.},
author_keywords={Anglo-American relations;  economic restructuring;  Iraq invasion;  Middle East;  political economy;  special relationship},
keywords={foreign policy;  global economy;  international relations;  political economy;  political relations;  war, Iraq;  United Kingdom;  United States},
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correspondence_address1={Halperin, S.; Department of Politics International Relations, , Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom},
issn={13845748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hoffman201134,
author={Hoffman, D.},
title={Violence, Just In Time: War and Work in Contemporary West Africa},
journal={Cultural Anthropology},
year={2011},
volume={26},
number={1},
pages={34-57},
doi={10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01079.x},
note={cited By 55},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551601617&doi=10.1111%2fj.1548-1360.2010.01079.x&partnerID=40&md5=27291f3bd0ba6f551706b9355fefbca7},
affiliation={University of Washington, United States},
abstract={The recent war in Sierra Leone and Liberia is connected in both the scholarly literature and the popular imaginary to the global economy via the diamond trade. Yet there is another way to think the connection between war and work. In this article, I ask what it would mean to think of the violence young men in the region's militia movements performed as a mode of post-Fordism. This stands in sharp contrast to recent writing on conflict in Africa, writing that focuses on how violence is a process of identity formation. By contrast, I suggest that "identity" was not a problematic category for fighters in this war. Their own identities could be comfortably contradictory, and the identities of their enemies were a minor issue at best. What mattered was the work of violence, work that increasingly took on the character of emergent modes of what has been called "just-in-time" production. © 2011 by the American Anthropological Association.},
author_keywords={Identity;  Labor;  Post-Fordism;  Violence;  War},
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correspondence_address1={Hoffman, D.; University of WashingtonUnited States},
issn={08867356},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cult. Anthropol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kan20111,
author={Kan, P.R. and Naím, M.},
title={Drugs and contemporary warfare},
journal={Drugs and Contemporary Warfare},
year={2011},
pages={1-194},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028887509&partnerID=40&md5=0ea8f0e784069b09d4da75beb1a62dcf},
affiliation={U.S. Army War College, United States; Carlisle, PA, United States},
abstract={The relationship between drugs and today’s wars has grown more noticeable since the end of the Cold War and will likely gather strength in this era of increased globalization. Many violent groups and governments have recently turned to illicit narcotics in their entrepreneurial quests to stay viable in the post-Cold War world. It is no coincidence that many of the most violent and ongoing conflicts, from the Balkans to the Hindu Kush, from the Andes to the Golden Triangle, occur in areas of widespread drug production and well-traveled distribution routes. Interdisciplinary in its approach, Drugs and Contemporary Warfare investigates the convergence of drugs and modern warfare, the violent actors involved in the drug trade, the drugs they produce and distribute, and how these drugs enter into battlefield conflicts and give rise to combat narcosis. Paul Rexton Kan then examines counternarcotics operations and suggests solutions to curb the drug trade’s effects on contemporary conflict. He offers several broad strategies that refine assessments, policies, and operations to promote improvement in social, economic, and political conditions. The hope is that these strategies will help citizens create sustainable societies and robust governments in war-afflicted countries struggling under the drug trade’s shadow. In a world searching for peace, the answer may not solely be on the battlefield but also on the front line against illegal narcotics. With a foreword by Moisés Naím, editor in chief of Foreign Policy magazine and the author of Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats Are Hijacking the Global Economy. © 2009 Paul Rexton Kan.},
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Norton; Mehlum, L., Alcohol and Stress in Norwegian United Nations Peacekeepers (1999) Military Medicine, , October; Merom, G., (2003) How Democracies Lose Small Wars: State, Society, and the Failures of France in Algeria, Israel in Lebanon, and the United States in Vietnam., , New York: Cambridge University Press; Meyer, J., Burdened U.S. Military Cuts Role in Drug War (2007) Los Angeles Times, , January 22; Meyer, K., Parssinien, T., (1998) Webs of Smoke: Smugglers, Warlords, Spies, and the History of the International Drug Trade., , New York: Rowman and Littlefield; Meyers, S., Top Chechen Rebel Dies in Russian Raid (2006) International Herald Tribune, , http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/18/news/chechnya.php, June 18; Midgley, M., (1978) Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature., , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Milligan, S., Drug Use Seen on the Rise in Iraq (2003) Boston Globe, , August 28; Mills, J., All the Elements of National Power: Reorganizing the Interagency Structure and Process for Victory in the Long War (2006) Strategic Insights, , July; Montblatt, S., Terrorism and Drugs in the Americas: The OAS Response (2004) Americas Forum, , http://www.oas.org/ezine/ezine24/Monblatt.htm, February-March; Morarjee, R., Taliban Goes for Cash Over Ideology (2006) London Financial Times, , July 26; Morarjee, R., Drug Lords Reap Human Rewards of Poor Afghan Opium Harvests (2006) Financial Times, , May 10; Morse, H.B., (1908) Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire., , Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh; Mueller, J., (2004) Remnants of War., , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Murphy, J., (2006) A White Paper on Economic Measures to Support the Counternarcotics Campaign in Afghanistan., , Brussels, October 20-24; Mutshcke, R., (2000) The Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drugs Trafficking and Terrorism., , Testimony to the Subcommittee on Crime of the Judiciary Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, December 13; Naím, M., (2005) Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats Are Hijacking the Global Economy., , New York: Doubleday; Nair, R., ‘The Courage to Be Myself’: The Life and Times of an Ex-Gangster Turned Peacemaker (1999) Track Two, , http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/two/8_3/p28_be_myself.html, December; Nankoe, H., Gerlus, J.-C., Murray, M.J., The Origins of the Opium Trade and Opium Regimes in Colonial Indochina (1993) The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming, , eds. John Butcher and Howard Dick. New York: St. Martin’s Press; Narconon, (2004) History of Methamphetamine., , http://www.friendsofnarconon.org/drug_education/drug_information; Napoleoni, L., (2003) Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Networks., , London: Pluto Press; Nordstrom, C., Out of the Shadows (2001) Authority and Intervention in Africa, , eds. Thomas Callaghy, Ronald Kassimir, and Robert Latham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Nunez, J., (2006) Challenges and Opportunities in the Americas: A Liberal Regime for Security and Defense Cooperation., , Ph. D. diss., University of Virginia, May; O’Gara, J., The Wrong Plan for Afghanistan (2007) Washington Post, , January 24; Olson, M., Dictatorship, Democracy and Development (1993) American Political Science Review, , September; O’Neill, B., (1990) Insurgency and Terrorism: From Revolution to Apocalypse., , Washington, DC: Brassey’s, Inc; Osterling, J., (1989) Democracy in Colombia: Clientelistic Politics and Guerrilla Warfare., , New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press; Paris, R., (2004) At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict., , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Conflict, Drugs and Mafia Activities (1999) Contribution to the Preparatory Work for the Hague Peace Conference May 11-16 1999, , http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/ille-e/presentation-e/labrousse2-e.htm, March; (2001) Sub-Saharan Africa Facing the Problems of Drugs., , http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/ille-e/presentation-e/labrousse1-e.htm, April; Pastor, M., Conroy, M., Distributional Implications for Macroeconomic Policy: Theory and Applications to El Salvador (1996) Economic Policy for Building Peace: The Lessons of El Salvador, , ed. James Boyce. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Pear, R., Shenen, P., Customs Switches Priority from Drugs to Terrorism (2001) New York Times, , October 10, national edition, section B; Perry, T., Fallouja Insurgents Fought Under Influence of Drugs, Marines Say (2005) Los Angeles Times, , January 13; Peters, G., Taliban Drug Trade: Echoes of Colombia (2006) Christian Science Monitor, , November 21; Pettifer, J., (2004) Asylum Seekers: Time for a New Approach., , Conflict Studies Research Center-United Kingdom Ministry of Defence (September; Pollan, M., (2001) The Botany of Desire., , New York: Random House; Porter, B., (1993) Blow: How a Small-Town Boy Made $100 Million with the Medellin Cocaine Cartel and Lost It All., , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Pugh, M., Cooper, N., (2004) War Economies in a Regional Context: Challenges of Transformation., , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Ramsbotham, O., Woodhouse, T., (1996) Humanitarian Intervention in Contemporary Conflict: A Reconceptualization., , Cambridge, MA: Polity Press; Rawaf, S., The Health Crisis in Iraq (2005) Critical Public Health, 15 (2). , June; Rashid, A., From Deobandism to Batken: Adventures of an Islamic Heritage (2000) Forum Transcripts, , Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, April 13; Rashid, A., Letter from Afghanistan: Are the Taliban Winning? (2007) Current History, , January; Renner, M., The Anatomy of Resource Wars (2002) World Watch Paper, 162. , Washington, DC: World Watch Institute; Restrepo, G., (2006) Interview, U.S. Army War College, , Carlisle Barracks, PA, March 24; Reuter, P., Truman, E., (2004) Chasing Dirty Money., , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; Rich, P., (1999) Warlords in International Relations., , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Robinson, J., (2000) The Merger: The Conglomeration of International Organized Crime., , New York: Overlook Press; Robinson, L., Terror Close to Home: In Oil-Rich Venezuela, A Volatile Leader Befriends Bad Actors from the Mideast, Colombia and Cuba (2003) U.S. News and World Report, , http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031006/usnews/6venezuela.htm, October 6, (accessed on October 9, 2003; Rogers, R., Some Troops Headed Back to Iraq are Mentally Ill (2006) San Diego Union Tribune, , March 19; Rohnde, D., Afghan Symbol for Change Becomes a Symbol of Failure (2006) New York Times, , September 5; Ross, M., Oil, Drugs and Diamonds: The Varying Roles of Natural Resources in Civil War (2003) The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance, , eds. Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Rotberg, R., Mills, G., (1998) War and Peace in Southern Africa: Crime, Drugs, Armies, and Trade., , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; Rubin, B., Zakhilwal, O., A War on Drugs, Or A War on Farmers? (2005) Wall Street Journal, , January 11; Sanderson, T., Transnational Terrorism and Organized Crime: Blurring the Lines (2004) SAIS Review, , Winter-Spring; Scheurer, M., Clueless into Kabul (2006) The American Interest, , September-October; Seal, K., Berenthal, D., Miner, C., Sen, S., Marmar, C., Bringing the War Back Home Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, p. 479; Segell, G., Warlordism and Drug Trafficking: From Southeast Asia to Sub-Saharn Africa (1999) Warlords in International Relations, , ed. Paul Rich. 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John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation; Williams, S., The Globalization of the Drug Trade (1999) Sources, (111). , April; Winer, J., Roule, T., Follow the Money (2003) Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions, , eds. Ian Bannon and Paul Collier. Washington, DC: The World Bank; (1989) Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth., , Washington, DC: The World Bank; Wright, T., (2007) Warlord Choices: An Inquiry into the Instititutional Choices in Post-Conflict State Building., , Paper presented at the Southern Political Science Association Annual Conference, January 4; Yarger, H., Toward a Theory of Strategy (2006) U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Policy and Strategy, , 2nd rev. ed., ed. J. Boone Bartholomees. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College; Yongming, Z., (1999) Anti-Drug Crusades in Twentieth-Century China: Nationalism, History, and State-Building., , New York: Rowman and Littlefield; Zahar, M.-J., Proteges, Clients and Cannon Fodder: Civil-Militia Relations in Internal Conflicts (2001) Civilians in War, , ed. Simon Chesterman. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Zoroya, G., Psychologist: Navy Faces Crisis (2007) USA Today, , January 17},
correspondence_address1={Kan, P.R.; U.S. Army War CollegeUnited States},
publisher={University of Nebraska Press},
isbn={1597976512; 9781597976510; 1597972568; 9781597972574},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Drugs and Contemporary Warfare},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Spencer201163,
author={Spencer, J.},
title={Terrorized by the war on terror: Mark Ravenhill’s Shoot / Get Treasure / Repeat},
journal={Political and Protest Theatre after 9/11: Patriotic Dissent},
year={2011},
pages={63-78},
doi={10.4324/9780203135655-11},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027516606&doi=10.4324%2f9780203135655-11&partnerID=40&md5=9a147ee8f46494231cfc20fee3ffd981},
affiliation={University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States},
abstract={Since the production of his earliest plays, Shopping and F**king (1996), Faust is Dead (1997), and Some Explicit Polaroids (1998), Mark Ravenhill has been associated with a new generation of provocative, “in yer face�? British dramatists whose dark and visceral work addresses the alienation of contemporary youth, the cruelty of a consumer-oriented global economy, and the crisis of masculinity as it affects both the personal and political realms.2 Ravenhill’s earliest plays deal, graphically and hyperrealistically, with characters living in an amoral, fragmented, and narcissistic culture obsessed, like the new Labour government at the time, with its own image. The realism of the portraits, combined with Ravenhill’s empathetic eye and ironic sense of humor, left him open to charges of condoning, as opposed to critiquing, the culture he depicted onstage. Indeed, the plays’ exploration of particular sensibilities associated with youth subcultures and the criminal underclass often overshadowed the implicit political critique. The stage brutality associated with British playwriting in the 1990s, however, pales in comparison to the brutality associated with the war on terror that dominated the news after 9/11: consider, for example, the widely publicized and brutal hostage videos, 3 the photographic revelations of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib, the media obsession with waterboarding and other forms of torture undertaken by the U.S. military at Guantánamo Bay (and by the CIA elsewhere), not to mention the rising death toll from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the proliferation of international terrorism. Like other angry and concerned playwrights, Ravenhill turned his attention to this new political reality well after the initial wave of antiwar protests, focusing his critical eye on the growing paranoia and ethical ambiguities produced by current governments’ obsession with security. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.},
references={Baudrillard, J., (2003) The Spirit of Terrorism, p. 67. , trans. Chris Turner, London:Verso; Siertz, A., (2001) In-yer-face Theatre, , London: Faber; (2008) Cool Britannia? British Political Drama in the 1990s, , eds. Rebecca D’Monté and Graham Saunders, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave; Al-Marashi, I., Iraq’s Hostage Crisis: Kidnappings, Mass Media and the Iraqi Insurgency (2004) MERIA: The Middle East Review of International Affairs, , http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2004/issue4/jv8no4a1.html#Ibrahim, 8.4, Dec., 7 May, 2011; Edgar’s, D., Unsteady States: Theories of Contemporary New Writing (2005) Contemporary Drama Review, pp. 297-308. , 15.3; Waters, S., The Truth behind the Facts (2004) Guardian, p. 1. , 11 Feb; Borradori, G., (2003) Philosophy in a Time of Terror, pp. 85-136. , Chicago: U of Chicago P; Spencer, J., (2008) Theatre Journal, pp. 285-288. , rev. of Shoot/Get Treasure/Repeat, 60.2, May; Hill, A., (2009) Reimagining the War on Terror: Seeing, Waiting, Travelling, pp. 80-82. , Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave; Biesecker, B., No Time for Mourning (2007) Philosophy and Rhetoric, p. 152. , 40.1; Willett, J., (1983) Brecht in Context, p. 189. , London: Methuen; Baudrillard, J., (2005) The Intelligence of Evil or the Lucidity Pact, p. 55. , New York: Berg; Paterson, R., Interview with Mark Ravenhill, Part I (2008) MusicOMH, , http://www.musicomh.com/theatre/features/ravenhill_0408.htm, April, 20 August 2009, 15 May 2011; Ahmed, S., (2004) The Cultural Politics of Emotion, pp. 68-80 and 91. , New York: Routledge; (2001), http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911-jointsessionspeech.htm, President Bush’s first speech to the joint session of Congress, 20 Sept, 19 July 2009; Borger, J., Rhetoric to arouse the Islamic world (2004) Guardian, p. 1. , 8 Oct; Lakoff, R., Johnson, M., (1980) Metaphors We Live By, , Chicago: U of Chicago P; (2003) ‘Million’ March against Iraq War, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2765041.stm, BBC News World Edition, 16 Feb, 8 May 2011; Kennedy, J., (2008) Shoot / Get Treasure / Repeat, , http://www.dailyinfo.co.uk/reviews/feature/3191/ShootGet_TreasureRepeat, 14 July, 9 May 2011; The basic values of America are our values too, British and European and they are good values. Democracy, freedom, tolerance, justice (2002) Guardian, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2002/oct/01/labourconference.labour14?INTCMP=SRCH, 1 October, 25 May 2011; Weinberg, L., Pedahzur, A., Hirsch-Heofler, S., The Challenges of Conceptualizing Terrorism (2004) Terrorism and Political Violence, p. 779. , http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/095465590899768, 16.4, 11 May 2011; Ravenhill, M., Me, My iBook, and Writing in America (2006) Contemporary Theatre Review, p. 132. , 16.1; Bauman, Z., Liquid Fear, p. 130. , Cambridge, UK: Polity},
correspondence_address1={Spencer, J.; University of MassachusettsUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781136484957; 9780415895514},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Political and Protest Theatre after 9/11: Patriotic Dissent},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor20111,
author={Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)},
title={Smart rules for fair trade: 50 years of export credits},
journal={Smart Rules for Fair Trade: 50 Years of Export Credits},
year={2011},
volume={9789264111745},
pages={1-235},
doi={10.1787/9789264111745-en},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957769774&doi=10.1787%2f9789264111745-en&partnerID=40&md5=8935a095aa6e3b03403cde30a3003cb6},
abstract={On the 50th anniversary of the OECD, we examine the unique work the organisation performs in regulating and rationalising government's use of export credits in support of exports, jobs, economic growth and national interests more broadly. This work is part of a global post war effort to emphasise multilateral co operation and sound economic policies to promote co operation, efficiency and prosperity rather than destructive competition, controversy and conflict. OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets. The objective is to eliminate subsidies and unfair practices in the economic competition that forms the foundation of a healthy and dynamic global economy. The elimination of official financing subsidies in global trade is only a part of the broader trade policy agenda, but it is a vital part, and has been delegated to the OECD by the WTO. Since financing is the life blood of trade flows, specialised OECD housed work allows trade to flow efficiently for aircraft and other capital goods while other trade policy work and litigation continue at the WTO. The export credits work at the OECD is described in this collection of essays. However it is about much more than the series of agreements described herein. It is more fundamentally about the governments and their people - policy makers and experts - who gather at the OECD to build collectively a system of export credits disciplines that is fair, transparent, adaptable and effective. It is therefore as much about people and ideas as anything else. The export credit secretariat pictured above represents only the latest in a long line of OECD staff committed to facilitate and advise this work. The OECD's motto on its 50th anniversary is "Better Policies for Better Lives." This reminds us that in the end, it is policies that are at the centre of human well being. And export credits work is about promoting these better policies by developing "smart rules" that open markets and maintain a level playing field and by bringing people and governments together to this end. © OECD 2011.},
publisher={Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)},
isbn={9789264111745; 9789264111738},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Smart Rules for Fair Trade: 50 Years of Export Credits},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Swearer2011273,
author={Swearer, D.K.},
title={Religion and globalization from the historical pespective of thai buddhism},
journal={The Anthropologist and the Native: Essays for Gananath Obeyesekere},
year={2011},
pages={273-290},
doi={10.7135/UPO9780857289919.015},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939863908&doi=10.7135%2fUPO9780857289919.015&partnerID=40&md5=da14f4f7912ae030ff67b6b81c3168a6},
affiliation={Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School, United States},
abstract={Globalization and Its Discontents The term, ‘globalization,’ has been located primarily in the discourse of economics and politics. In the arena of the global economy the word evokes the activities of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the global dominance of multinational corporations, and popular brand names the likes of Nike, Gucci, Chanel, Coca-Cola, and McDonald's. In the sphere of politics Jan Scholte's felicitous term, ‘super territoriality’ (Scholte 2000) calls to mind international and regional organizations and alliance such as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO or ASEAN, and the historical forces of colonial imperialism or post-cold war American hegemonic power. However, globalization should not be seen solely in economic and political terms. Its impact on culture, religion, personal and community identity has been profound. One has only to stroll through the mega-shopping centers in Bangkok or Chiang Mai to observe the pervasive influence of Western styles, tastes, and mores in that country —an example that can be multiplied many times over in locales around the globe. A recent study of young Thai nouveau riche finds that owning popular brands is not a simple display of materialism but represents a search for personal identity and a way of negotiating relationships (Sukrung 2003). Possessing luxury brands has become a modern talisman, replacing traditional amulets and tattoos as a way of warding off evil, protecting the owner from uncertainty, providing peace of mind, and engendering confidence before one's peers. © 2011 H. L. Seneviratne editorial matter and selection.},
references={Brereton, B.P., (1995) Thai Tellings of Phra Malai: Texts and Rituals concerning a Popular Buddhist Saint, , Tempe, Arizona: Arizona State University; Buddhadāsa, B., (1976) Sangkhomniyom Chanit Ti Chuai Lok Dai [The Kind of Socialism that Can Help the World], , Bangkok: Sublime Life Mission; Crosby, K., Tantric theravāda: A bibliographic essay on the writings of francois bizot and others on the yogavacara tradition (2000) Contemporary Buddhism an Interdisciplinary Journal, 1 (2), pp. 141-198; Engle, D.M., (1957) Law and Kingship in Thailand during the Reign of King Chulalongkorn, , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan; Giddens, A., (2001) Runaway World, , New York: Routledge; Gomb Rich, R., Obeyesekere, G., (1988) Buddhism Transformed: Religious Change in Sri Lanka, , Princeton: Princeton University; Horner, I.B., Jaini, P.S., (1985) Apocryphal Birth-Stories (Pannasa-Jātaka), 1-2. , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Hunta Nuwatr, P., To be a buddhist in the contemporary world (2002) Thai Buddhist Identity in the Modern World, , Bangkok: Wongsanit Ashram; Jackson, P.A., Thai-buddhist identity: Debates on the traiphuum phra ruang (1991) National Identity and Its Defenders. Thailand 1939-1989, pp. 191-231. , C.J. Reynolds (Ed.), Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm; Jackson, P.A., (2003) Buddhadāsa: A Buddhist Thinker for the Modern World, , Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm; Keyes, C.F., Buddhism and national integration in thailand (1971) Journal of Asian Studies, 30 (3), pp. 551-567; Keyes, C.F., (1999) Buddhism Fragmented: Thai Buddhism and Political Order since the 1970S, , Amsterdam: 7th International Conference on Thai Studies. (Unpublished paper); Kurth, J., Religion and globalization (1999) Foreign Policy Research Institute, 7 (7). , http://www.fpri.org/fpriwire/0707.199905.kurth,religionglobalization.html; Mackenzie, R., (2007) New Buddhist Movements in Thailand: Towards an Understanding of Wat Phra Dhammakaya and Santi Asoke, , Routledge: London & New York; Reynolds, C.R., Buddhist cosmography in thai history with special reference to nineteenth century cultural change (1976) Journal of Asian Studies, 25 (2), pp. 203-220; (1979) Autobiography: The Life of Prince-Patriarch Vajiranana of Siam, 1860-1921, , Athens: Ohio University Press; Reynolds, F.E., Reynolds, M.B., (1982) Three Worlds according to King Ruang, , Berkeley: Humanities Press; Rosenberg, T., (2002) New York Times Magazine, 22p; Scholte, J.A., (2000) Globalization: A Critical Introduction, , New York: Macmillan; Sivaraksa, S., (1998) Loyalty Demands Dissent: Autobiogrtaphy of an Engaged Buddhist, , Berkeley: Parallax Press; Spiro, M.E., (1982) Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes, , Berkeley: University of California; Sukrung, K., Behind the brands (2003) Bangkok Post, 29p. , April 2003; Swearer, D.K., Thēpwisutt Himēthi, P., (1989) Me and Mine: Selected Essays of Bhikkhu Buddhadāsa, , Albany: State University of New York Press; Swearer, D.K., (1995) The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia, , Albany: State University of New York; Swearer, D.K., Sulak Sivaraksa's Vision for Renewing Society (1996) Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia, pp. 195-235. , S.B. King, C.S. Queen (Eds.), Albany: State University of New York Press; Swearer, D.K., Center and periphery: Buddhism and politics in modern thailand (1999) Buddhism and Politics in Twentieth-Century Asia, pp. 194-228. , I. Harris (Ed.), London: Pinter; Wyatt, D.K., (1969) The Politics of Reform in Thailand: Education Iin the Reign of King Chulalongkorn, , New Haven: Yale University},
correspondence_address1={Swearer, D.K.; Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity SchoolUnited States},
publisher={Anthem Press},
isbn={9780857289919; 0857284355; 9780857284358},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Anthropologist and the Native: Essays for Gananath Obeyesekere},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Supple2011295,
author={Supple, B.},
title={War economies},
journal={The Cambridge History of the First World War: Volume II the State},
year={2011},
pages={295-324},
doi={10.1017/CHO9780511675676.016},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928636305&doi=10.1017%2fCHO9780511675676.016&partnerID=40&md5=a98eadcf9fd49c92c25a9753ae28f0fc},
abstract={In the economic historiography of the modern world, the Great War is frequently seen as a great transformation – destabilising the global economy, transforming the balance of international economic and financial power, and radically changing the economic and social role of the state. Such trends certainly characterised twentieth-century history and were clearly related to the destructive upheavals of 1914 to 1918. At the same time, however, they must be seen in a longer perspective. On the one hand, some of the relevant institutional and geopolitical shifts – the growth of large-scale capitalist enterprises, the need for governments to respond to an assertive labour movement and the welfare needs of a restless working class, the presence of international instability and the emergence of the United States as a world economic power – were already prefigured in the world before 1914. On the other hand, the potential embodied in wartime innovations and expectations did not always endure, as peace brought a revival of orthodoxy in economic and financial policy and in government and business institutions – at least until the pressure for far-reaching social and economic change emerged again when global recession and then renewed war struck in the 1930s. © Cambridge University Press 2014.},
references={French, D., The rise and fall of “business as usual (1982) War and The State: The Transformation of British Government, 1914–1919, p. 12. , Kathleen Burk (ed.), London: Allen & Unwin; Stubbs, K.D., Race to the front: The material foundations of coalition strategy in the great war (london: Praeger, 2002) Table, 2, p. 1; Winter, J.M., The great war and the british people (London: Macmillan, 1985), p. 30; arthur fontaine, french industry during the war (new haven, ct: Yale university press, 1926), pp. 29–30; stubbs, race to the front, pp. 34–8 The Relatively Short Period of the United States’ Participation in the War (Between the Spring of 1917 and the Armistice in November 1918), It Mobilised Almost 4 Million Men, of Whom about Half were in France at the End of the Hostilities, p. 169. , Kennedy, Over Here; Hennebicque, A., Albert thomas and the war industries Fridenson, French Home Front, Pp. 89–132, p. 192. , Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur, ‘Was the Great War a watershed? The economics of World War I in France’, in Broadberry and Harrison, Economics of World War I; Kocka, J., War, F.T., (1984) German Society, 1914–1918, p. 30. , Leamington Spa and Cambridge, MA: Berg and Harvard University Press; Marwick, A., (1968) Britain in the Century of Total War: War, Peace and Social Change, 1900–1967, p. 76. , London: Bodley Head; Arthur, C., (1921) The Political Economy of War, pp. 235-237. , London: Macmillan; Clark, J., (1917) The basis of war-time collectivism, pp. 772-790. , American Economic Review},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511675676; 9780521766531},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Camb. History of the First World War: Volume II the State},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Cardwell20111,
author={Cardwell, C.},
title={NSC 68 and the political economy of the early Cold War},
journal={NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War},
year={2011},
pages={1-298},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511835247},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924727911&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511835247&partnerID=40&md5=62b765522209642e399d571dc0079b94},
affiliation={Drake University, Iowa, United States},
abstract={NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War re-examines the origins and implementation of NSC 68, the massive rearmament program that the United States embarked upon beginning in the summer of 1950. Curt Cardwell reinterprets the origins of NSC 68 to demonstrate that the aim of the program was less about containing communism than ensuring the survival of the nascent postwar global economy, upon which rested postwar U.S. prosperity. The book challenges most studies on NSC 68 as a document of geostrategy and argues instead that it is more correctly understood as a document rooted in concerns for the U.S. domestic political economy. © Curt Cardwell 2011.},
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correspondence_address1={Cardwell, C.; Drake UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511835247; 9780521197304},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Edwards201154,
author={Edwards, J.A. and Wright, J.L.},
title={Meeting the challenge of globalization : President clinton's "double movement" discourse},
journal={The Megarhetorics of Global Development},
year={2011},
volume={9780822977414},
pages={54-74},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917665527&partnerID=40&md5=31787a399a917ef8e65b763792a4803d},
affiliation={Bridgewater State College, United States; St. John's University, United States},
abstract={In his book The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Thomas Friedman argues that the 1990s saw the age of globalization supplant the Cold War as the dominant international paradigm (3). This new age is largely characterized by the interdependence and integration of economies, institutions, and societies across the globe. However, imbalances in these structures-economic, political, cultural, and societal-manifest in the dislocation and disenfranchisement of entire bodies of people. Such imbalances lead to a concern, voiced by President Bill Clinton, about the form these opposing forces will take: "The great question before us is not whether globalization will proceed, but how, and what is our responsibility in the developed world to shape this process so that it lifts people of all nations" ("Remarks at the University of Warwick" 2698). Clinton's answer to this question, as expressed in his rhetoric and policies, is the subject of this chapter. Although a few rhetorical studies have taken up presidential rhetoric and free trade, even fewer have focused on the intersection of presidential rhetoric and globalization economics. We extend this work by examining Clinton's rhetoric as a device of (and counterpart to) globalization and its megarhetorics. This chapter explores Clinton's prescient attention to the consequences of his words. In his rhetorical construction of globalization, Clinton describes the phenomenon as inevitable and beneficial and, in doing so, draws on Hungarian intellectual Karl Polanyi's discussion of forces that will always and inevitably balance themselves. We seek to determine some of the political and material effects of the world Clinton rhetorically constructs. A gifted rhetorician, politician, and marketer, Clinton attempts to balance the need for "free" and regulated markets, globalization's opportunities and risks. The participation of American presidents, and particularly Clinton, in development's megarhetorics is important to study because of its enormous influence domestically and internationally (through, for example, trade policy, educational endeavors, and political ties). We specifi- cally focus on Clinton's presidential and postpresidential discourse because he was one of the great champions for Western-led global development and the first president to grapple substantively with contemporary globalization. His voice also continues to be powerful in global economic and political decisions through his postpresidential initiatives (i.e., the Clinton Global Initiative). We also turn to Clinton's globalization rhetoric because it is simultaneously constructive and performative, functional and theoretically rich. As the leader of one of the most powerful economic forces in the world, Clinton's language (still) wields great power. His rhetoric, we suggest, demonstrates the utilitarian application of Polanyi's "double movement" theory- wherein two opposing sociopolitical forces interact-because Clinton helps shape the world through the words he uses. According to Polanyi, the two opposing forces are the "principle[s] of economic liberalism, aiming at the establishment of a self-regulating market . . . using largely laissez-faire and free trade as its methods; [and] the principle of social protection aiming at the conservation of man and nature . . . using protective legislation, restrictive associations, and other instruments of intervention as its methods" (132). Polanyi recognizes the complex relationship between economy and politics-literally and figuratively. Although his work focuses on the literal intersections between these forces, we explore their more figurative functions, also attending to how they manifest material consequences. In his rhetorical construction of globalization, Clinton embraces and challenges the neoliberal understanding of "trade for trade's sake" and the notion of globalization as beneficial. As a result, the United States's perception of globalization's process belied the actual and material drawbacks of such policies. In our analysis we want to bring out not only the existence of double movement rhetoric in Clinton's presidential observations, but the historical and economic forces at work in such language; Clinton's rhetorical performances both reveal and enact historical forces at work-another type of double movement. We use Polanyi's rubric to analyze the megarhetoric of economic expansion and globalization as enacted by the so-called leader of the free world; we suggest that even though there might be a perceived separation between the language of Clinton and his actions, the effects of Clinton's megarhetoric can still be seen both in contemporary global politics and the twenty-first-century global economy. The key to this rhetorical process of double movement is balance.1 Our approach attempts to assess the balance (or lack thereof) between the forty-second president's discourse and policies and some of their material consequences. Rhetoricians and politicos alike should attend to the intersection of what is said and what is done. In the process of demonstrating historical forces at work in Clinton's rhetoric, we also investigate how that discourse creates and describes simultaneously, and how therefore the theoretical application of a double movement can inform rhetorical and political theory simultaneously. This chapter proceeds in three parts. First, we provide a theoretical orientation of Polanyi's notion of double movement. Next, through this theoretical prism we analyze Clinton's discourse by analyzing his ideas on globalization, free trade, and policies to deal with globalization's problems. Finally, we offer implications of our analysis. Clinton was very successful in conveying the value and importance of his plans for globalization, particularly in his "New River" speeches. Yet, after his presidency, we see in the language and proposed policies of his foundation a change in his approach. The success of this "New River" did not help balance the social costs as well as it promoted shifting markets in various new spaces, and he seeks a rhetorical answer to those results. © 2012, University of Pittsburgh Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Bacon, D., Displaced people: Nafta's most important product (2008) NACLA Report on the Americas, pp. 23-27. , Sept; Benjamin, M., Americans see widening rich-poor income gap as cause for alarm (2006) Bloomberg News, , http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive~=atGy4g3gcN41, 12 Dec; Bruner, M.L., Global constitutionalism and the arguments over free trade (2002) Communication Studies, 53, pp. 25-39; Clinton's foreign policy (2000) Foreign Policy, pp. 18-29. , http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2000/11/01/think_again_clintons_foreign_policy, Nov.-Dec; Clinton, W.J., Address before a joint session of congress on administration goals (1993) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 113-121. , 17 Feb. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Address before a joint session of congress on the state of the union (1995) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 75-86. , 27 Jan. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Commencement address at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois (1999) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 931-935. , 12 June, . Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., (2003) Global Challenges, , http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=2740, 31 Oct. no longer active; Clinton, W.J., (2006) Keynote Speech at Association of Alternative Newsweeklies Annual Convention, Little Rock, AR, , http://aan.org/alternative/Aan/ViewArticle?oid=oid:16649, 30 June, no longer active; Clinton, W.J., (2007) Landon Lecture at Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, , http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1199, 5 March; Clinton, W.J., Remarks at georgetown university (1994) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 2055-2060. , 10 Nov. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks at the American university centennial celebration (1993) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 206-214. , 26 Feb. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks at the University of Warwick (2000) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 2698-2706. , 14 Dec. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks at the world trade organization in Geneva, Switzerland The Public Papers of the President, pp. 807-811. , 18 May 1998. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks at the world trade organization luncheon in Seattle (1999) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 2189-2194. , 1 Dec. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks on the general agreement on tariffs on trade (1994) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 2126-2128. , 28 Nov. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks on the goals of the summit of the Americas in Miami (1994) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 2164-2168. , 2 Dec. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks on the new markets initiative (1999) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 737-738. , 11 May, . Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks on the upcoming economic summit (1994) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 1195-1198. , 5 July, . Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks on United States foreign policy in San Francisco (1999) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 271-279. , 26 Feb. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the APEC host committee (2013) The Public Papers of the President, , 17 Nov. 1993. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the 52nd session of the United Nations general assembly in New York City The Public Papers of the President, , 22 Sept. 1997. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office, 1205-1209; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the 48th session of the United Nations general assembly in New York City (1612) The Public Papers of the President, , 27 Sept. 1993. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the international business community in Jakarta The Public Papers of the President, , 16 Nov. 1994. Washington D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 2097-101; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the international monetary fund and the World Bank (1576) The Public Papers of the President, , 11 Oct. 1995. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the pacific basin economic council (1996) The Public Papers of the President, pp. 775-778. , 20 May, . Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., Remarks to the united nations millennium summit in New York City (1758) The Public Papers of the President, , 26 Sept. 2000. Washington D.C.: United States Government Printing Office; Clinton, W.J., (2004) Senior Class Convocation at Cornell University, , http://www.clintonfoundation.org/news/news-media/052904-sp-cf-gn-edu-usa-sp-2004-senior-class-convocation-at-cornell-university, 29 May, Cornell University, Ithaca; Clinton, W.J., (2007) Speech: 50th Anniversary Truman Presidential Museum and Library, , http://www.clintonfoundation.org/news/news-media/070507-sp-cf-gn-sp-50th-anniversary-truman-presidential-museum-and-library, 5 July; Clinton, W.J., Speech: Millennium network event (2007) New York, , http://www.clintonfoundation.org/news/news-media/073107-sp-cf-mn-sp-millennium-network-event, 31 July; Edwards, J.A., (2008) Navigating the Post-Cold War World: President Clinton's Foreign Policy Rhetoric, , Lanham: Lexington Books; Ferguson, N., (2002) Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, , New York: Basic Books; Fisher, W., Reaffirmation and subversion of the American dream (1973) Quarterly Journal of Speech, 59, pp. 160-167; (2009) Trade in Goods with World, Not Seasonally Adjusted, , http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c0015.html, Foreign Trade Statistics. U.S. Census Bureau, 18 May; Friedman, T.L., (2000) The Lexis and the Olive Tree, , New York: Random House; Hardt, H., (1998) Interactions: Critical Studies in Communication, Media, and Journalism, , Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield; Mittelman, J.H., Making globalization work for the have-nots (2002) International Journal on World Peace, 19, pp. 3-25; Moore, M.P., Ragsdale, J.G., International trade and the rhetoric of political myth in transition: NAFTA and the American dream (1997) World Communication, 26, pp. 1-14; Munck, R., Globalization and democracy: A new great transformation? (2002) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 581, pp. 10-21; Phillips, P., Seattle awakens working people to the dangers of globalization (2000) Social Policy, pp. 34-40. , 30.3; Pillay, D., Globalisation in the new millennium: Implications for development and democracy in Africa (2003) Society in Transition, 34, pp. 252-271; Polacios, J.J., Globalisation's double movement: Societal responses to market expansion in the 21st century (2002) Globalism Project Conference Challenging Neo-Liberal Globalism in the Semi-Periphery, , Paper presented at the, Mexico City; Polanyi, K., (1957) The Great Transformation, , Boston: Beacon; Procter, D.E., Ritter, K., Inaugurating the Clinton presidency: Regenerative rhetoric and the American community (1996) The Clinton Presidency: Images, Issues, and Communication Strategies, pp. 1-16. , Eds. Robert E. Denton Jr. and Rachel L. Holloway. Westport: Praeger; Scott, R.E., The high price of free trade: NAFTA's failure has cost the united states jobs across the nation (2005) Economic Policy Institute: Briefing Paper; Silver, B.J., Arrighi, G., Polanyi's 'double movement': The belle Epoque of British and U.S. Hegemony compared (2003) Politics and Society, 31, pp. 325-355; Waldman, M., (2002) POTUS Speaks: Finding the Words that Defined the Clinton Presidency, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Walt, S.M., Two cheers for Clinton's foreign policy (2000) Foreign Affairs, 79, pp. 79-87; Weber, S., Barma, N., Kroenig, M., Ratner, E., How globalization went bad (2007) Foreign Policy, 158, pp. 48-54. , Jan.-Feb},
correspondence_address1={Edwards, J.A.; Bridgewater State CollegeUnited States},
publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press},
isbn={9780822977414; 9780822961727},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Megarhetorics of Global Devmt.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Lowenstein201162,
author={Lowenstein, A.},
title={Transforming horror: David Cronenberg's cinematic gestures after 9 /11},
journal={Horror After 9/11 : World of Fear, Cinema of Terror},
year={2011},
volume={9780292735330},
pages={62-80},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917513623&partnerID=40&md5=d616ac1464d5bc09abead29ad3e6ff70},
affiliation={University of Pittsburgh, United States},
abstract={A History of Violence directly precedes Eastern Promises and demands contemplation alongside it. Based loosely on a graphic novel by John Wagner and Vince Locke adapted for the screen by Josh Olson, A History of Violence distills Cronenberg's most powerful themes and applies them, rather uncharacteristically, to an explicitly American context (as a Canadian director, Cronenberg tends to favor explicitly Canadian or vaguely defined "North American" settings for his films-even so, the locales of Millbrook, Indiana, and Philadelphia in A History of Violence were shot in Ontario).7 Eastern Promises extends the history of violence to London, Russia, Afghanistan, Chechnya, and elsewhere, but it, too, inevitably, addresses the United States' role in contemporary geopolitics. Eastern Promises insists that when Americanization both gives birth to and gives way to globalization, intertwined histories of violence become the global condition. If 9/11 and the Iraq War inform A History of Violence, as I will contend below, then the collapse of the Soviet Union informs Eastern Promises. What the two films accomplish as one conjoined work stems from how Cronenberg interweaves these two watershed geopolitical events to foster critical reflection on globalization. In both films, this work of reflection depends on the use of gestures first employed in Cronenberg's earliest horror films.
Gesture, as a mode of speaking with the body rather than with words, has always played a vital role in film art. For the philosopher Giorgio Agamben (extending the work of Gilles Deleuze), gesture constitutes not only the bedrock of cinematic expression but also the means by which cinema becomes political. Cinema rests on an "antinomic polarity" between images, which freeze gestural movements, and gestures, which preserve the dynamism of these movements. According to Agamben, "the former lives in magical isolation," while "the latter always refers beyond itself to a whole of which it is a part." Cinema's fundamental investment in the gesture, rather than the image, indicates how film "belongs essentially to the realm of ethics and politics (and not simply to that of aesthetics)." Why is this so? For Agamben, "What characterizes gesture is that in it nothing is being produced or acted, but rather something is being endured and supported. The gesture, in other words, opens the sphere of ethos as the more proper sphere of that which is human." Gestures, then, have political and ethical value in that they break with "the false alternative between ends and means that paralyzes morality." The "mediality" of gestures-their preservation of movement that endures and supports (means) instead of subjugating means to the finality of goals that produce and act (ends)-allows them to convey means and ends as a single, ongoing process. The result is that cinema, with the gesture as its core expres sion, invites spectators to perceive actions as a fluidity encompassing means and ends-"a pure and endless mediality" where ethical decisions present themselves at every juncture, not just the endpoint captured in the frozen image. Agamben concludes that "cinema leads images back to the homeland of gesture," but that "the duty of the director" (a political duty) resides with how that director's film will provoke "the liberation of the image into gesture." 8 To understand how Cronenberg fulfills this duty, one must trace the post- 9/11 gestures of A History of Violence and Eastern Promises through those of Shivers and The Brood.
In the wake of 9/11, a transformation of a different kind occurs in Cronenberg's work. With his remarkable, intimately linked films A History of Violence (2005) and Eastern Promises (2007), Cronenberg moves toward integrating the two halves of his career. One must add the caveat, however, that to divide his career into "halves" in the first place is not entirely accurate, since the art cinema proclivities were always there in the "horror films," and the horror tendencies remain present in the "art films." Yet the ability of A History of Violence and Eastern Promises to meld the sensational shocks of his early efforts with the art cinema trappings that characterize his later work, such as the presence of internationally renowned stars and controversial sexual themes, signals something new for Cronenberg. This essay analyzes these two films in terms of how the haunting echoes of 9/11 and the subsequent U.S. "War on Terror" in Afghanistan and Iraq figure in transforming horror genre vocabulary into provocations concerning globalized geopolitics in Cronenberg's cinema. These transformations in Cronenberg's films take on particular importance in the post- 9/11 cinematic landscape, where many explicit representations of the War on Terror fail to reach a substantial audience (e.g., most Iraq War films prior to The Hurt Locker [Kathryn Bigelow, 2008], and even that Academy Award winner was more of a critics' darling than a sweeping popular success), and many implicit representations face critical dismissal through unfortunate labels such as "torture porn" (see the critical reception of Hostel [Eli Roth, 2005] and its contemporary horror film brethren).4 Cronenberg's post- 9/11 films offer valuable opportunities for political engagement with the War on Terror by interweaving popular accessibility, critical admiration, and the confrontational aesthetics honed over more than three decades spent straddling the horror film and art cinema.
Eastern Promises transpires amid the sound and fury of clashing cultures in today's London. The film begins by introducing three bloodied bodies in succession: Soyka (Aleksander Mikic), a captain in the Russian organized crime syndicate vory v zakone, has his throat slit in a barbershop belonging to a Turkish immigrant; Tatiana (Sarah Jeanne Labrosse), a pregnant, fourteen- yearold Russian prostitute, bleeds between her legs and faints while asking for help from an Indian pharmacist; and Tatiana's daughter, born as her mother dies in Trafalgar Hospital, emerges tiny and helpless, awash in her mother's blood. The visual image of blood that binds these three scenes, which indicates a continuity between these three bodies, reasserts itself in the film's dialogue shortly afterward. Anna (Naomi Watts), the nurse supervising the birth of Tatiana's daughter, comes home from the hospital and presents Tatiana's diary to her own uncle Stepan (Jerzy Skolimowski). Although Anna's deceased father was Russian, her mother is English and she cannot read Russian herself; she hopes her Russian uncle will translate the diary for her.
Stepan refuses, however, accusing Anna of robbing the dead. He insists that the diary should be buried with Tatiana's "bodies." Anna corrects Stepan's English, reminding him that he means the singular "body," not the plural "bodies." He shrugs off her comment, a gesture that suggests she misses the point viewers already understand: blood connects each body to a series of bodies. By the same logic, Stepan's apparent infelicity with the English language, his inability to master it as an immigrant, points toward another language the audience must learn during the film-neither Russian nor English, both Russian and English-the language, in other words, spoken by Cronenberg's cinema.
When Eastern Promises redefines an apparently singular body by showing us the plural bodies that lend it meaning-and writes that redefinition on the body, in blood-it constitutes the latest iteration of Cronenberg's longstanding cinematic project. This project's roots in horror will be recognizable to anyone observing Cronenberg's career since he reframed the intellectual concerns of his experimental mini- features Stereo (1969) and Crimes of the Future (1970) to enter the commercial arena with Shivers. Whether we think of the phallic/fecal- looking parasites that induce sexual dementia in Shivers, or the radical psychotherapy that enables emotions of rage to be "born" as murderous children in The Brood (1979), or the matter transmitter that fuses human and housefly at the molecular- genetic level in The Fly, Cronenberg's horror confronts us with bodies that revolt. These are revolting bodies in a double sense: they rebel against their conventional identities and functions within the films, but they also prove difficult for us to watch. Given the confrontational nature of Cronenberg's cinematic project, it makes a certain amount of practical as well as poetic sense that his films would appeal to their widest audience in many years during the turbulent times dominated by the Iraq War, in the still- unfolding wake of 9/11. In this moment, Cronenberg turns his attention more specifically than ever before to the conjuncture of violence and globalized geopolitics.
According to the cultural anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, the key to defining what makes globalization "strikingly new" over the past century or so is "a technological explosion, largely in the domain of transportation and information, that makes the interactions of a print- dominated world seem as hard- won and as easily erased as the print revolution made earlier forms of cultural traffic appear."5 For Appadurai, the centrality of media such as cinema, television, and computers to the new global cultural economy demands that we shift our understanding of globalization from standard centerperiphery models, where concepts such as Americanization have explained how the center dominates the periphery, to a more "disjunctive" point of view. In disjunctive globalization, global flows move in multiple, uneven, and idiosyncratic directions simultaneously, not just from the center to the periphery. "The complexity of the current global economy," concludes Appadurai, "has to do with certain fundamental disjunctures between economy, culture, and politics that we have only begun to theorize."6 The events of 9/11 could be seen as inaugurating a heightened awareness of a particular form of disjunctive globalization, one where global flows operate according to the speed of digital media and the visual logic of spectacular violence. After 9/11, in other words, disjunctive globalization looks more than ever before "just like a movie"-a phrase used again and again to describe the awful carnage of that day. Cronenberg's post- 9/11 films go to the political heart of this violent, cinematized sense of globalization. The resulting illumination of how violence circulates in a global era where we are shown so much but see so little represents a crucial political turn for Cronenberg. Analyzing this turn invites consideration of how Cronenberg's presentation of violence, with its connections to his earlier horror films, shapes the way these new films imagine globalized geopolitics after 9/11.
From Shivers (1975) through The Fly (1986), the cinema of director David Cronenberg repeatedly depicted the human body thrust to such violent extremes of physical transformation that he earned nicknames like the "Baron of Blood" among horror fans.1 Cronenberg's films remained equally disturbing from Dead Ringers (1988) through Spider (2002), but they tended to channel the notion of transformation in less visceral ways.2 The result was a series of more critically acclaimed films closer in tone and reception to art cinema than the horror genre.3 Copyright © 2011 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved.},
references={Promises of violence: David cronenberg on globalized geopolitics (2009) Boundary 2, 36, pp. 199-208. , Summer; Drew, W., (1984) David Cronenberg, , London: BFI; Handling, P., (1983) The Shape of Rage: The Films of David Cronenberg, , Toronto: General Publishing; Morris, P., (1994) David Cronenberg: A Delicate Balance, , Toronto: ECW Press; Grünberg, S., (2006) David Cronenberg: Interviews with Serge Grunberg, , London: Plexus; Rodley, C., (1997) Cronenberg on Cronenberg, , rev. ed. (London: Faber and Faber); Mathijs, E., (2008) The Cinema of David Cronenberg: From Baron of Blood to Cultural Hero, , London: Wallflower Press; Beard, W., (2006) The Artist as Monster: The Cinema of David Cronenberg, , rev. ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press); Grant, M., (2000) The Modern Fantastic: The Films of David Cronenberg, , Westport, CT: Praeger; Lowenstein, A., Interactive art cinema: Between 'old' and 'new' media with Un Chien Andalou and Existenz (2010) Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories, pp. 92-105. , Rosalind Galt and Karl Schoonover (New York: Oxford University Press); Lowenstein, A., (2005) Shocking Representation: Historical Trauma, National Cinema, and the Modern Horror Film, pp. 145-175. , New York: Columbia University Press; Browning, M., (2007) David Cronenberg: Author or Film- Maker?, , Bristol, UK: Intellect Books; Prince, S., (2009) Firestorm: American Film in the Age of Terrorism, , New York: Columbia University Press; Dixon, W.W., (2004) Film and Television after 9/11, , Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univer sity Press; Lowenstein, A., Spectacle horror and hostel: Why 'torture porn' does not exist (2011) Critical Quarterly, 53 (1), pp. 42-60. , April; Appadurai, A., (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, pp. 27-29. , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Appadurai, A., (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, p. 33. , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, Ibid; Beaty, B., (2008) David Cronenberg's a History of Violence, , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Agamben, G., (2000) Means without End: Notes on Politics, pp. 54-59. , trans. Vincenzo Binetti and Cesare Casarino Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Landy, M., 'The dream of the gesture': The body of/in Todd Haynes's films (2003) Boundary 2, 30, pp. 123-140. , Fall; Cronenberg, D., (2005) Post- Screening Discussion of a History of Violence, Museum of the Moving Image, , Astoria, New York, September 13; Taubin, A., Model citizens (2005) Film Comment, 41, p. 24. , September- October; Dargis, M., Once disaster hits, it seems never to end (2006) American Movie Critics: An Anthology from the Silents Until Now, pp. 711-713. , rev. ed. ed. Phillip Lopate (New York: Library of America); Fuller, G., Good guy bad guy (2005) Sight & Sound, 15, pp. 12-16. , October; Wood's, R., (In)famous attack on the film in his an introduction to the American horror film (2004) Planks of Reason: Essays on the Horror Film, pp. 135-136. , rev. ed. ed. Barry Keith Grant and Christopher Sharrett (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press; Lowenstein, Shocking Representation, pp. 153-164; McLuhan, M., (1964) Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, , New York: McGraw- Hill; Kroker, A., (1985) Technology and the Canadian Mind: Innis/McLuhan/Grant, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Baudrillard, J., (1994) Simulacra and Simulation, , trans. Sheila Faria Glaser (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press); Suskind, R., Faith, certainty and the presidency of George W. Bush (2004) New York Times Magazine, , http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/17/magazine/17BUSH.html, October 17; Scott, A.O., (2007) On London's Underside, Where Slavery Survives, , http://movies.nytimes.com/2007/09/14/movies/14east.html, September 14; Paul, W., (1994) Laughing Screaming: Modern Hollywood Horror and Comedy, pp. 368-380. , New York: Columbia University Press; Creed, B., (1993) The Monstrous- Feminine: Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis, pp. 43-58. , London: Routledge; Sobchack, V., Bringing it all back home: Family economy and generic exchange (1996) The Dread of Difference: Gender and the Horror Film, pp. 143-163. , Barry Keith Grant (Austin: University of Texas Press); Williams, T., (1996) Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film, , Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Brophy, P., Horrality: The textuality of contemporary horror films (2000) The Horror Reader, pp. 276-284. , Ken Gelder London: Routledge; Shaviro, S., (1993) The Cinematic Body, pp. 127-156. , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Lambert, A., (2003) Russian Prison Tattoos: Codes of Authority, Domination, and Struggle, , Atglen, PA: Schiffer; Onstad, K., (2007) Exploring Humanity, Violence and All, , http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/movies/16onst.html?ref=movies, September 16; Goldfarb, A., Litvinenko, M., (2007) Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB, , London: Simon & Schuster; Thomson, D., (2007) David Cronenberg, Dead Serious, , http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2007/09/16/AR2007091601550.html, September 17; Agamben, Means without End, p. 56},
correspondence_address1={Lowenstein, A.; University of PittsburghUnited States},
publisher={University of Texas Press},
isbn={9780292735330; 9780292726628},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Horror After 9/11 : World of Fear, Cine. of Terror},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{DeRichelle2011146,
author={De Richelle, D.S.},
title={The OECD export credit regime: A bright past, what of the future?},
journal={Smart Rules for Fair Trade: 50 Years of Export Credits},
year={2011},
volume={9789264111745},
pages={146-149},
doi={10.1787/9789264111745-31-en},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909317776&doi=10.1787%2f9789264111745-31-en&partnerID=40&md5=0df2e2b725d5cb2ede5f0329b8d96fda},
affiliation={Société Générale, France},
abstract={The financial and economic crisis that the world has been experiencing in the wake of the sub-prime fallout - described as the most severe economic turmoil since World War II - has put the advantages of officially-backed export credits in the spotlight. When the interbank market froze after the Lehman collapse in September 2008, when the syndicated loan market vanished and underwriting disappeared, when capital markets plummeted and, finally, when the liquidity crunch got under way, export credit agencies (ECAs) stepped in. Their cover programmes and - for some of them - their direct funding or interest rate subsidy mechanisms helped sustain the global economy by enabling big long-term financing solutions. © OECD 2011.},
references={The Equator Principles are a voluntary set of standards for determining, assessing and managing social and environmental risk in project financing. Project financing is a method of funding in which the lender looks primarily to the revenues generated by a single project both as the source of repayment and as security for the exposure},
correspondence_address1={De Richelle, D.S.; Société GénéraleFrance},
publisher={Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)},
isbn={9789264111745; 9789264111738},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Smart Rules for Fair Trade: 50 Years of Export Credits},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Benatar2011129,
author={Benatar, S. and Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A.},
title={Global health ethics: The rationale for mutual caring},
journal={Global Health and Global Health Ethics},
year={2011},
pages={129-140},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511984792.012},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900217006&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511984792.012&partnerID=40&md5=8533fabf5dca38461773210686b5e92b},
affiliation={Bioethics Center, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada},
abstract={Introduction Despite impressive twentieth century scientific and technological progress, massive expansion of the global economy, enhanced methods of communication and transportation, and deepening insights into the forces that shape the lives and health of people, the world is more inequitable than it was 50 years ago both in terms of access to health care for individuals and in relation to the health of whole populations (Benatar, 1998; Marmot, 2006). While polarizing economic forces operate in a world of gross imbalances of wealth and power between the rich and poor (within and between countries) and are largely driven by the economic interests of wealthy nations, many political realities within developing countries have also contributed to the suffering of whole populations. These include corruption, ruthless military dictatorships, ostentatious expenditure by the ruling elite, under-investment in basic education and health, excessive military expenditures and ethnic strife and civil wars. Appropriate criticism of such deficiencies should be accompanied by acknowledgment that they are promoted by powerful nations pursuing their own economic and geo-political interests, often through collusion with despots who have much to gain in personal wealth and the maintenance of power at the expense of their citizens. Nevertheless, it is arguable that the primary responsibility for good governance surely must rest largely within individual nations – even the poorest – as good governance, like democracy, cannot be imposed from outside. © Cambridge University Press 2011.},
references={United States of America: Human Dignity denied–Torture and Accountability in the War on Terror, , www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/146/2004/en, (Accessed December 5, 2009); Benatar, S.R., Global disparities in health and human rights (1998) American Journal of Public Health, 98, pp. 295-300; Benatar, S.R., (2001) The Coming Catastrophe in International Health: An Analogy with Lung Cancer. International Journal Lv, 1 (4), pp. 611-631; Benatar, S.R., The hiv/aids pandemic: A sign of instability in a complex global system (2005) Ethics and AIDS in Africa: The Challenge to Our Thinking, pp. 71-83. , A. Van Niekerk & A. Kopelman (Eds.), Cape Town: David Philip Press; Benatar, S.R., Moral imagination: The missing component in global health (2005) Public Library of Science Medicine, 2 (12), p. e400. , www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0020400, (Accessed December 5, 2009); Benatar, S.R., Doyal, L., Human rights abuses: Towards balancing two perspectives (2009) International Journal of Health Services, 39, pp. 37-59; Benatar, S.R., Daar, A., Singer, P.A., Global health ethics: The rationale for mutual caring (2003) International Affairs, 79, pp. 107-138; Benatar, S.R., Gill, S., Bakker, I., Making progress in global health: The need for new paradigms (2009) International Affairs, 85, pp. 347-371; Brecher, J., Costello, T., Smith, B., (2000) Globalisation from Below: The Power of Solidarity, , Cambridge, MA: South End Press; Brock, G., Taxation and global justice: Closing the gap between theory and practice (2008) Journal of Social Philosophy, 39, pp. 161-184; Brock, G., (2009) Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Account, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Buchanan, A., Rawls’s law of peoples: Rules for a vanquished westphalian world (2000) Ethics, 110, pp. 697-721; Chan, M., (2008), www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2008/s12/en/index.html, Impact of the global financial and economic crisis on health: Statement by WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan. 12 November, (Accessed December 5, 2009); Chapman, A.R., Reintegrating rights and responsibilities (1996) International Rights and Responsibilities for the Future, pp. 3-28. , K. W. Hunter & T. C. Mack (Eds.), Westport, CT: Praeger; Daniels, N., Sabin, J., (2002) Setting Limits Fairly: Can We Learn to Share Medical Resources?, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Daniels, N., Light, D., Caplan, R., (1996) Benchmarks of Fairness for Health Care Reform, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Donnelly, J., Human rights: A new standard of civilization? (1998) International Relations, 74, pp. 1-24; Doyal, L., Gough, I., (1991) A Theory of Human Need, , London: Macmillan; Dunne, T., Wheeler, N.J., (1999) Human Rights in Global Politics, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Dunne, J., (1992) Democracy: The Unfinished Journey. 508BC-AD1993, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; www.ceedweb.org/iirp/factsheet.htm, (Accessed December 5, 2009); Falk, R.A., (2000) Human Rights Horizons: The Pursuit of Justice in a Globalising World, , New York: Routledge; Farmer, P., (2003) P Athologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor, , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Farmer, P., Challenging opportunities: The road ahead for health and human rights (2008) Health and Human Rights, 10, pp. 5-19; Fidler, D.P., After the revolution: Global health politics in a time of economic crisis and threatening future trends (2008) Global Health Governance, 2 (2). , http://ghgj.org/fidler2.2afterrevoluton.htm, (Accessed November 24, 2009); Fox, M.W., Rolin, B.E., (2001) Bringing Life to Ethics: Global Bioethics for a Human Society, , New York, NY: SUNY Press; Fox, R.C., Swazey, J., (2008) Observing Bioethics, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Garrett, L., (1994) The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World out of Balance, , New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux; Garrett, L., The challenge of global health (2007) Foreign Affairs, 86, pp. 1-17; Girling, J., (1997) Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy, , London: Routledge; Glover, J., (2001) Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; (2009) Helpdesk Research Report: The Impact of Financial Crises on Conflict and Social Stability 05.03.09, , www.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1231.pdf, (Accessed November 24, 2009); Green, R.M., Donovan, A., Jauss, S.A., (2008) Global Bioethics: Issues of Conscience for the 21St Century, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Harmon, S., Solidarity: A (new) ethic for global health policy (2006) Health Care Analysis, 14, pp. 215-236; Hosie, V., The third world as a philosophical problem (1992) Social Research, 52, pp. 227-262; Hutton, W., (2008) The Writing on the Wall. China and the West in the 21St Century, , London: Abacus; Kakutani, M., Inside the meltdown: Financial ruin and the race to contain it New York Times, , www.nytimes.com/2009/07/21/books/21kakutani.html?_r=1, July 21, 2009, (Accessed December 5, 2009); Kassalow, J.S., (2001) Why Health is Important to US Foreign Policy, , New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations and Milbank Memorial Fund; Katz, A., New global health: A reversal of logic, history and principles (2008) Social Medicine, 3 (1), pp. 1-3; Kickbush, I., The development of international health policies: Accountability intact? (2000) Social Science and Medicine, 51, pp. 978-989; Krugman, P., School for scoundrels (2009) New York Times, , www.nytimes.com/2009/08/09/books/review/Krugman-t.html, August 9, (Accessed November 4, 2009); Kung, H., (1997) A Global Ethic for Global Politics and Economics, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Leahy, J., Asia warned of growing poverty (2009) Financial Times, , www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3c40ec68–6408–11de-a818–00144feabdc0.html?nclick_check=I, June 28, (Accessed December 5, 2009); Louw, D.J., (2004) Ubuntu: An African Assessment of the Religious Other, , www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Afri/AfriLouw.htm, (Accessed November 24, 2009); Low, N., Gleeson, B., (1998) Justice, Society & Nature: An Exploration of Political Ecology, , London: Routledge; Marmot, M., Health in an unequal world (2006) Lancet, 368, pp. 2081-2094; Maslin, M., Prognosis for a sick planet (2008) Clinical Medicine, 8, pp. 569-572; McCGwire, M., Shifting the paradigm (2001) International Affairs, 77, pp. 1-28; McCGwire, M., The paradigm that lost its way (2001) International Affairs, 77, pp. 777-803; McMichael, A.J., Friel, S., Nyong, A., Corvalan, C., Global environmental change and health: Impacts, inequalities, and the health sector (2008) British Medical Journal, 336, pp. 191-194; Milner, B., Africa’s heavy toll (2009) Globe and Mail, p. 4. , Wednesday, June10; Navarro, V., (2007) Neoliberalism, Globalization and Inequalities: Consequences for Health and Quality of Life, , Amityville, NY: Baywood; Nixon, S.A., Upshur, R., Robertson, A., Public health ethics (2008) Public Health Law & Policy in Canada, pp. 39-59. , T. M. Bailey, T. Caulfield & N. M. Ries (Eds.), (2nd edn.), Canada: Lexis Nexis Butterworths; Pearson, L.B., (1972) Lester B Pearson’s Public Address at St Martin-In-The-Fields, , www.unac.org/en/link_learn/canada/pearson/speechgollancz.asp, London June 13, 1972 on the occasion of the presentation to him of the Victor Gollancz Humanity Award, (Accessed December 6, 2009); (2005) Global Health Watch 2005–2006, , London: Zed Books; (2008) Global Health Watch 2: An Alternative World Health Report, , London: Zed Books; Peter, F., Evans, T., Ethical dimensions of health equity (2001) Challenging Inequities in Health: From Ethics to Action, , T. Evans, M. Whitehead, F. Diderichsen, A. Bhuyia & M. Wirth (Eds.), 24–33). New York: Oxford University Press; Pogge, T., (2002) World Poverty and Human Rights, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Pogge, T., Recognized and violated by international law: The human rights of the global poor (2005) Leiden International Law Journal, 18, pp. 717-745; Potter, V.R., (1998) Global Bioethics: Building on the Leopold Legacy, , East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press; Powers, M., Faden, R., (2006) Social Justice: The Moral Foundations of Public Health and Public Health Policy, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Ralph, J., American democracy and democracy promotion (2001) International Affairs, 77 (1), pp. 129-140; Rieff, D., The precarious triumph of human rights (1999) The New York Times Magazine, pp. 37-41. , August 8; Robertson, A., Critical reflection on the politics of need: Implications for public health (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 47, pp. 1419-1430; Rorty, R., (1989) Contingency, Irony and Solidarity, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (2000) Building a Global Community: Globalisation and the Common Good, , Copenhagen: Royal Danish Ministry for Foreign Affairs; Sandbrook, R., Globalisation and the limits of neoliberal development doctrine (2000) Third World Quarterly, 21 (6), pp. 1071-1080; Sen, A., (1999) Development as Freedom, , New York, NY: Anchor Books; Singer, P., (2002) One World: The Ethics of Globalisation, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Soros, G., (2002) On Globalisation, , New York: Public Affairs; Taylor, C., (1989) Sources of The Self: The Making of Modern Identity, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Teeple, G., (2000) Globalisation and the Decline of Social Reform: Into the 21St Century, , Auroria, ON: Garamond Press; Wallerstein, I., (1999) The End of the World as We Know It: Social Science for the 21St Century, , Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; (2009) The Financial Crisis and Global Health: Report of a High-Level Consultation, , www.who.int/mediacentre/events/meetings/2009_financial_crisis_report_en_pdf, Geneva: WHO. January 19, (Accessed December 6, 2009)},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511984792; 9780521146777},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Health and Global Health Ethics},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Naas20111,
author={Naas, B. and Lysne, J.},
title={Financial markets and the global recession},
journal={Financial Markets and the Global Recession},
year={2011},
pages={1-264},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896580572&partnerID=40&md5=8ec23227bd8e067aac51dbc9c1cbeb78},
abstract={The recent credit crunch of 2008 ignited in 2009 one of the most severe economic slowdowns since World War II. In many countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, the intensity of the recession is such that comparisons are made with the Great Depression of 1929. This book will shed some light on the causes of the recession and its effects on the balance of international powers. Furthermore, many regions of the world, and developed countries in particular, are currently in the midst of significant population aging caused by falling fertility rates and increased life expectancy. This may cause a worldwide capital shortage in the long run. This book addresses this issue, as well as the extent to which policy reforms play a significant role in the international capital movement and the impact the worldwide short-term fiscal expansion has made on the global economy. Also examined is the impact of some possible options (US fiscal stimulus, monetary easing in the US, and foreign official purchases of US treasury securities) on the economies of the US and the rest of the world, and the US current account deficits by using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. This book also examines the depths and necessary measures for countries in the Eurozone, and the monetary union in particular, to control and counteract the global recession. Other chapters discuss the different methods of modeling volatility of stock prices and exchange rates, the correlation between individual investments, investor preferences and the relative size of risk weights and the effects of regulation, and the future of capital asset pricing models (CAPM0), one of the central areas of research in finance. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Naas, B.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781607419211},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Financ. Mark. and the Global Recession},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Boretos20111,
author={Boretos, G.P.},
title={Global recession: Just a glitch or is it here to stay?},
journal={Financial Markets and the Global Recession},
year={2011},
pages={1-29},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896574061&partnerID=40&md5=424ee6a66679b1c77e103f20c039df2c},
affiliation={47-49 Sevastoupoleos St, 11526 Ampelokipoi, Athens, Greece},
abstract={The recent credit crunch of 2008 ignited in 2009 one of the most severe economic slowdowns since the World War II. In many countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, the intensity of the recession is such that comparisons are made with the Great Depression of 1929. Once again, the Western economies are in the center of the recession with their financial systems collapsing and their economies strangling to minimize losses. The emerging markets on the other hand, such as China and India, although they also "feel" the burden of a global recession, they are expected to grow significantly even at lower than previous years rates. Even though there is a consensus that we have entered a serious global economic recession that will probably change the balance of power between emerging countries and Western economies, there are still many unanswered questions. What triggered the recession and what is its true nature? What are the similarities between the current recession and the Great Depression? Has the long-term growth trend of the global economy been compromised or is this recession a cyclical phenomenon? At what extent will it affect the balance of international powers? And the most important question of all: is it a random or a systematic phenomenon that we could have predicted? If so, what can we do now to minimize losses? In this chapter, we will try to shed some light on these questions based mainly on a recent study concerning the future of the global economy, published just a few days prior to the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 that signaled the beginning of the credit crisis. Furthermore, by combining data from this study and other sources, we will provide the reader with both qualitative and quantitative insights about the current recession. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={The History Channel website (2009), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=208201, ECONOMICS, Retrieved 01:09, Apr 4, 2009, from; Boretos, G.P., The future of the global economy (2009) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 76 (3), pp. 316-326; International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook, October 2008; Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy Declaration G20, November 2008; World Economic Outlook International Monetary Fund, April 2008; http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/index/CSHomePrice_History_033114.xls, Source: Standard and Poor's, S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices, Composite-20 (SPCS20R); Highfill, J., The Economic Crisis as of December 2008: The Global Economy Journal Weighs In (2008) Global Economy Journal, 8 (4). , Article 4; Dow Jones Industrial Average www.djindexes.com, Dow Jones & Company, April 2009; Group of Twenty, Meeting of the Ministers and Central Bank Governors http://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/pdf/031909a.pdf, March 13-14 2009, London, U.K., Global Economic Policies and Prospects, Note by the Staff of the International Monetary Fund, International Monetary Fund, March 2009; World Economic Outlook International Monetary Fund, January 2009; The Global Agenda 2009 www.weforum.org/pdf/globalagenda.pdf, World Economic Forum; Communication for the Spring European Council, Driving European recovery http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/press_20090304_en.pdf, Commission of the European Communities, March 2009; Global plan for recovery and reform: the Communiqué from the London Summit, , http://www.londonsummit.gov.uk/en/summitaims/summit-communique, G20, April 2009; Mankiw, N.G., Macroeconomics (1994), pp. 276-278. , 2nd ed., Worth Publishers, New York, 465-466; The History Channel website (2009), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=217576, NEW DEAL, Retrieved 03:08, Mar 30, 2009, from; Meyer, P.S., Yung, J.W., Ausubel, J.H., A Primer on Logistic Growth and Substitution: The Mathematics of the Loglet Lab Software (1999) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 61 (3), pp. 247-271; Modis, T., Conquering Uncertainty (1998), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY; The Conference Board and Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Total Economy Database http://www.ggdc.net, January 2007; Nakicenovic, N., Software package for the logistic substitution model (1979), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, IIASA Research Report RR-79-12; Marchetti, C., Nakicenovic, N., The dynamics of energy systems and the logistic substitution model, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (1979), Laxenburg, Austria, IIASA Research Report RR-79-13; Marchetti, C., Infrastructures for movement (1987) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 32 (4), pp. 373-393; Modis, T., Technological substitutions in the computer industry (1993) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 43 (2), pp. 157-167; Modis, T., Predictions-Society's Telltale Signature Reveals the Past and Forecasts the Future (1992), Simon and Schuster, New York; Debecker, A., Modis, T., Determination of the uncertainties in s-curve logistic fits (1994) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 46 (2), pp. 153-173; Barraclough, G., The Times Atlas of World History (1993), p. 197. , 4rth ed., Times Books, Hammersmith; Barraclough, G., The Times Atlas of World History (1993), pp. 196+197. , 4rth ed., Times Books, Hammersmith, 206-209,214-215; http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontalfile_03-2007.xls, Angus Maddison: Historical Statistics for the World Economy 1-2003 AD, March 2003; Barraclough, G., The Times Atlas of World History (1993), pp. 252-253. , 4rth ed., Times Books, Hammersmith; Robertson, R., Mapping the Global Condition: Globalization as the Central Concept, Theory, Culture and Society (1990), 7, pp. 15-30; Barraclough, G., The Times Atlas of World History (1993), pp. 248-249. , 4rth ed., Times Books, Hammersmith, 262-263,268-269, 275; The History Channel website (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=203824, BROADCASTING, RADIO AND TELEVISION, Retrieved 06:54, Jul 3, 2007, from; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=222803, SPACE EXPLORATION, The History Channel website. Retrieved 07:14, Jul 3, 2007, from; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=213203, JET PROPULSION, The History Channel website. Retrieved 07:17, Jul 3, 2007, from; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=206234, COMPUTER, The History Channel website. Retrieved 07:29, Jul 3, 2007, from; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=208389, ELECTRONICS, The History Channel website. Retrieved 07:31, Jul 3, 2007, from; The origins of mobile, Connected Earth http://www.connectedearth.com/Galleries/Frombuttonstobytes/Mobilecommunications/Theoriginsofmobile/index.htm; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=207706, DNA, The History Channel website. Retrieved 01:24, Jul 4, 2007, from; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=219014, PERSONAL COMPUTER, The History Channel website. Retrieved 01:54, Jul 4, 2007, from; (2007), http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=226141, WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW), The History Channel website. Retrieved 01:52, Jul 4, 2007, from; http://www.gsmworld.com/aboutus/history.htm, GSM Association 1999 - 2007; Barraclough, G., The Times Atlas of World History (1993), pp. 290-291. , 4rth ed., Times Books, Hammersmith; http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/index_en.htm, Member States of the European Union; Modis, T., The end of the Internet rush (2005) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 72 (8), pp. 938-943; Boretos, G.P., The future of the mobile phone business (2007) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 74 (3), pp. 331-340; Marchetti, C., Fifty-year pulsation in human affairs: Analysis of some physical indicators (1986) Futures, 18 (3), pp. 376-388; Marchetti, C., Swings, Cycles and the Global Economy (1985) New Scientist, 1454, pp. 11-15; Fisher, J.C., Pry, R.H., A simple substitution model of technological change (1971) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 3, pp. 75-88; National Geographic: National Geographic Visual History of the World, National Geographic Society (2005), pp. 416-417. , Washington D.C, 494-495; The Conference Board, Total Economy Database http://www.conference-board.org/economics, January 2009},
correspondence_address1={Boretos, G.P.47-49 Sevastoupoleos St, 11526 Ampelokipoi, Athens, Greece; email: georgeboretos@yahoo.gr},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781607419211},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Financ. Mark. and the Global Recession},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Louka2011,
author={Louka, E.},
title={Nuclear weapons, justice and the law},
journal={Nuclear Weapons, Justice and the Law},
year={2011},
page_count={448},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882005142&partnerID=40&md5=dd5bca75708ae4ff1529d9efe4b638b8},
affiliation={Alphabetics, United States},
abstract={'Dr Elli Louka has written a courageously realistic yet hopeful book on one of the central problems of the twenty-first century. Louka offers an unflinching examination of the uses and potential abuses of the nuclear instrument currently and in projected futures of the interlocking international war system and global economy... She looks squarely at the practice and inevitability of pre-emptive action in many of the contexts she projects. This is an important and timely study for anyone practicing or trying to understand international law and politics.' © Elli Louka 2011. All rights reserved.},
references={Hugo, S., (2008) Killing Civilians: Method, Madness, and Morality in War, p. 233; The quote attributed to Heraclitus is (i.e., you cannot step into the same river twice); The History of the Peloponnesian War, p. 80. , Thucydides, (M.I. Finley ed., 1954); United States Department of the Army, 'The 2008 United States Army Modernization Strategy,' at 5-6 (July 25, 2008) (hereinafter Army Modernization Strategy); Economist, , 'Aerial Bombardment: The Calibration of Destruction,' Jan. 30, 2010, at 87; The Predator, a United States produced UAV, has a dual function: (1) to conduct intelligence surveillance and (2) to launch missiles, the Hellfire missiles. A Predator armed with Hellfire missiles was used to target suspected terrorists in Yemen in 2002. UAVs (Pointer and Raven) have been used by the United States military to find, locate and destroy numerous targets. See United States General Accounting Office (GAO), 'Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Improved Strategic and Acquisition Planning Can Help Address Emerging Challenges' (Mar. 9, 2005); United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan (UNAMA), 'Afghanistan: Annual Report for the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008' (Jan. 2009). The idea of using uncontrolled slaughter to defeat an enemy is passé; Liang, Q., Xiangsui, W., (1999) Unrestricted Warfare, , at 28 (PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House, Feb.); For instance in the 2009 war in Gaza only ten Israeli soldiers were killed out of whom four were killed by friendly fire. On the other hand, 1,013 Palestinians were killed out of whom 670 were civilians; 'Civilian Casualties: Human Rights Groups Accuse Israelis of War Crimes,' (2009) The Independent, 15. , Jan; 'Space Control operations ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and its allies and, when necessary, deny an adversary freedom of action in space.'; The goal of unmanned vehicles is to provide soldiers with new capabilities and to lessen the burdens of dangerous, routine, and long-duration missions; 'Unmanned and Dangerous,' (2007) Economist Technology Quarterly, , Dec. 8, at 19; 'Warfare, Fighting with Photons,' (2008) Economist, pp. 79-80. , Nov. 1 (ATLs can also disable vehicles by destroying their wheels and can sever telephone lines. Boeing, the company that makes the ATL, rarely touts that one of the possible uses of ATL is to kill enemy combatants); Peters, R., (2004) 'Virtuous Destruction, Decisive Speed,' paper presented at workshop Changing Nature of Warfare, , (United States National Intelligence Council, May 25); The shock and awe campaigns launched in Iraq in 1991 and 2003 aimed at psychologically incapacitating the adversary; Some argue, for instance, that even if adversaries can buy some of the United States technology they do not have the institutional capacity to employ the technology in an effective way. Adversaries will have to 'spend themselves into penury' to acquire the level of sophistication of the west; Scales, R., (2004) 'Fighting on the Edges: The Nature of War in 2020,', , paper presented at workshop Changing Nature of Warfare (United States National Intelligence Council, May 25); In the war in Congo, UN workers 'tell of gang rapes, leaving victims with appalling physical and psychological injuries; rapes committed in front of families or whole communities; male relatives forced at gunpoint to rape their own daughters, mothers or sisters; women used as sex slaves forced to eat excrement or the flesh of murdered relatives. Some women victims have themselves been murdered by bullets fired from a gun barrel shoved into their vagina. Some men, says a worker for the UN's Children's Fund (Unicef), have been forced to simulate having sex in holes dug in the ground, with razor blades stuck inside.' These acts are not random acts of violence by misguided soldiers. They are premeditated attempts to dehumanize and wipe out entire communities; 'Congo, Atrocities Beyond Words: A Barbarous Campaign of Rape (2008) Economist, p. 45. , May 3; Medalia, J., 'The Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Budget Request and Plan, FY2005-FY2009,' CRS (Congressional Research Service) Report for Congress, May 24, 2004. The United States has in its arsenal the B61-11 nuclear bunker buster which has a 400 kiloton yield; (2005), United States National Research Council, 'Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons,' 26; (1991), Two of these weapons were dropped in Iraq during Operation Desert Storm; Cohen, E.A., 'A Revolution in Warfare,' (1996) Foreign Affairs, 75, p. 37. , at 51; Here the terms irregular warfare, unconventional warfare and counterinsurgency warfare will be used interchangeably. For the distinction between these terms; (2008), United States Department of the Army, 'Army Special Operations Forces, Unconventional Warfare,' at 1-7-1-8 (FM 3-05.130, Sept.); Pape, R.A., 'The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism,' (2003) American Political Science Review, 97 (3), p. 343. , (Aug.); 'Armies of the Future: Brains, not Bullets,' (2007) Economist, p. 15. , Oct. 27; Ignatius, D., 'The Right Iraq Footprint (2008) Washington Post, , June 19; Private contractors have been blamed for causing unnecessary civilian casualties by attempting to ensure zero casualties for the side that hires them. See, e.g., R.J. Hillhouse, 'Don't Blame Blackwater,' Christian Science Monitor, Nov. 2, 2007; Australian Government Department of Defence, 'Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030,' Defence White Paper 2009, at 70-74; 'Peril on the Sea: Naval Warfare (2010) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 22. , June 12; 'Armies for the Future: Brains, not Bullets,' (2007) Economist, p. 16. , Oct. 27; Scheuer, M., 'Break out the Shock and Awe,' (2008) Los Angeles Times, , Mar. 9; Gray, C., 'How has War Changed Since the End of the Cold War?' paper presented at workshop Changing Nature of Warfare (United States National Intelligence Council, Mar. 25, 2004); Chemical weapons are inert agents that can be classified in five categories depending on their effects: nerve, blistering, asphyxiating (damage to lungs), psychotomimetic (hallucinatory effects) and incapacitating (tear gas). See Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, Weapons of Terror: Freeing the World of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Arms, at 126 (2006) (hereinafter Weapons of Terror); (1993) (hereinafter CWC). It entered into force on April 29, 1997. Homepage of the convention, , http://www.opcw.org/, Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention), Jan. 13; Harris, R., (2002) A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret History of Chemical and Biological Warfare; http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/status-of-participation-in- the-cwc/, State parties to the CWC 'represent about 98% of the global population and landmass, as well as 98% of the worldwide chemical industry.'; (2010) available online, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/737483.stm, 'Iraq Timeline: A Chronology of Key Events,' BBC News, Mar. 9; Sterling, E.J., (2006) Vietnam: A Natural History, p. 38; http://www.vva.org/committees/agentorange/index.html, Agent Orange is a herbicide that is highly toxic. It was used by the United States during the Vietnam war to defoliate hiding places, rice paddies and fertile fields of the enemy. The chemical had many adverse effects on the US soldiers who used it, though. Based on the Agent Orange Act of 1991, some illnesses are presumptively attributed to Agent Orange exposure enabling war veterans to receive compensation for such exposure. See Vietnam Veterans of America available online; http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/, mission of OPCW available online; Precursor chemicals are compounds that can be used to make chemical weapons; For inspections carried out under the convention, see CWC, Verification; http://www.opcw.org/our-work/; Wheelis, M., 'Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of CAffa Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8 (9). , http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no9/01-0536.htm, (Sept. 2002) available online at United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; (2009) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 30. , The decrease in the costs of sequencing DNA (from about one dollar per base pair to a tenth of a cent today) has made it possible for amateurs to try biohacking. See 'Biohacking: Hacking Goes Squishy,'; http://www.opbw.org/, Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, Apr. 10, 1972. The convention entered into force on March 26, 1975. Homepage of the convention; Economist, , Tsutomu Yamaguchi (Obituary), Jan. 16, 2010, at 85 (Tsutomu Yamaguchi was a double nuclear-survivor who died on January 6, 2010, aged 93. Some argued that he was lucky as the nuclear blasts left him with only a deaf left ear, weak legs and later on stomach cancer); (2007) On Thermonuclear War, p. 43. , There is pervasive belief that human germplasm will not survive a thermonuclear war, see Herman Kahn(, originally published in 1960); Freedman, L., (2003) The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, p. 8; United States National Academy of Sciences (1997) The Future of US Nuclear Weapons Policy, p. 9. , (hereinafter Future); http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blitzkrieg, The term comes from German (Blitz means lightning + Krieg means war). The term was developed in 1939 to define 'war conducted with great speed and force; specifically: a violent surprise offensive by massed air forces and mechanized ground forces in close coordination.'; 'The explosion of Russia's 'Father of All Bombs' approaches that of a small nuclear weapon; it would flatten many city blocks.' See 'Aerial Bombardment: The Calibration of Destruction,' (2010) Economist, p. 87. , Jan. 30; http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/mp10.asp, 195 000, It is difficult to estimate the exact number of civilian casualties because of the extensive destruction and chaos that followed the attacks and some uncertainty about the population figures before the bombing. Best available estimates are: For Hiroshima: Pre-raid population: 255 000; Dead: 66 000; Injured: 69 000; Total casualties: 135 000. For Nagasaki: Pre-raid population: Dead: 39 000; Injured: 25 000; Total casualties: 64 000; http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab15.asp, Based on figures provided by non-governmental organizations, see Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) available online; Walker, W., 'Nuclear Order and Disorder (2000) International Affairs, 76 (4), p. 703. , 706-7 (Oct.); Waltz, K., (1981), 'The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better,' Adelphi Papers, Number 171 (International Institute for Strategic Studies); Tannenwald, N., 'The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non-Use,' (1999) International Organization, 53 (3); A Transformed World Global Trends 2025, , United States National Intelligence Council, at ix (Nov. 2008) (hereinafter Global Trends 2025); Nuclear yield is the energy released in the detonation of a nuclear weapon, measured in terms of the kilotons or megatons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) needed to produce the same energy release. Nuclear yields are categorized as follows: very low yield (less than 1 kiloton), low yield (1 kiloton to 10 kilotons), medium yield (more than 10 kilotons to 50 kilotons), high yield (more than 50 kilotons to 500 kilotons) and very high yield (more than 500 kilotons). See The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the US Military (2001); Cappello, J.T., 'Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Debunking the Mythology,' at 2, Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), Occasional Paper (Aug. 2002); Woolf, A.F., 'Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons' (Congressional Research Service) CRS Report for Congress, at 15 (July 29, 2008); 'Russia Could Focus on Tactical Nuclear Weapons for Subs,' RIA Novosti, Mar. 23, 2009; (2010), United States Department of Defense (DOD), 'Nuclear Posture Review Report,' at 27 (Apr.); Powell, R., 'Nuclear Deterrence and the Strategy of Limited Retaliation (1989) American Political Science Review, 83 (2), p. 503. , (June); Gray, C.S., 'Theater Nuclear Weapons: Doctrines and Postures,' (1976) World Politics, 28 (2), p. 309; Conrad, W., 'The Future of Tactical Nuclear Weapons,' (2001) Air and Space Power Journal, , (June 26); United States General Accounting Office (GAO), 'Operation Desert Storm: Army not adequately prepared to deal with depleted uranium contamination,' at 17-18 (Jan. 1993); During the Kosovo Conflict, DU weapons were fired from NATO aircraft. It has been assessed that over 30 000 rounds of DU were used. 'The type of DU round fired by NATO A-10 aircraft has a length of 173 mm and a diameter of 30 mm.' See UNEP, 'Depleted Uranium in Kosovo: Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment,' at 14 (2001); Scherpelz, R.I., http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/camp_doha_summary18may00.pdf, 'Depleted Uranium Exposures to Personnel Following the Camp Doha Fire, Kuwait, July 1991' (US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, June 2000) available online; The framework for these studies was the International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (Safety Series No. 115, IAEA, 1996); Report of the Secretary-General, 'Effects of the use of armaments and ammunitions containing depleted uranium,' General Assembly, Sixty-third session, Item 91 (p) of the provisional agenda, at 21, UN Doc. A/63/170 (July 24, 2008); Electronic warfare (EW) refers to any military action involving the use of the electromagnetic (EM) field to control the EM spectrum and launch an attack; Kennedy, B.T., 'What a Single Warhead Could Do,' (2008) Wall Street Journal, pp. A19. , Nov. 24; (1983), http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/23/newsid_2794000 /2794525.stm, 'Reagan Launches Cold War into Space,' BBC News, Mar. 23; http://www.mda.mil/, Information about the agency and its programs is available online; (2001) International Security, 26 (1), p. 40. , http://www.mda.mil/mdalink/html/faq.html, See also Charles L. Glaser and Steve Fetter, 'National Missile Defense and the Future of US Nuclear Weapons Policy,'; http://www.mda.mil/system/elements.html; http://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/stss.pdf, MDA, Fact Sheet 'Space Tracking and Surveillance System,' Feb. 2010 available online; Woolf, A.F., 'Missile Defense, Arms Control, and Deterrence: A New Strategic Framework,' CRS (Congressional Research Service) Report to Congress, at 4 (emphasis in the original) (Oct. 31, 2001); 'Disharmony in the Spheres,' (2008) Economist, p. 23. , Jan. 19; Byers, D., Macartney, J., http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article34081 55.ece, 'China and Russia Cry Foul After Over Satellite,' Timesonline, Feb. 21, 2008, available online; Roberts, K., (2008), http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN14507421, 'US Satellite Shooting to Raise Space Weapons Worry,' Reuters, Feb. 14; Kaufman, M., Pincus, W., 'Effort to Shoot Down Satellite Could Inform Military Strategy,' (2008) Washington Post, pp. A3. , Feb. 20; MacDonald, B.W., 'China, Space Weapons, and US Security,' CRS No. 38, at 5 (Council on Foreign Relations, Sept. 2008); http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html, Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, Jan. 27, 1967, reprinted in 18 UST 2410, 610 UNTS 205. The treaty entered into force on October 10, 1967. The treaty is available online, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA); Economist, , http://www.iadc-online.org/index.cgi, The multiplication of space debris is one of the reasons why space weaponization may be delayed. The increasing amount of space junk is making the use of low-earth orbit difficult. NASA is tracking about 3100 active and inactive satellites and some 9300 pieces of debris some of which are smaller than 5 cm. Even debris as small as 1 cm can damage a satellite because of its speed. See 'Disharmony in the Spheres, Jan. 19, 2008, at 23. It has been suggested that the Inter-Information on the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee is available online; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Incidents on and over the High Seas, May 25, 1972; DeSutter, P.A., 'Is An Outer Space Arms Control Treaty Verifiable?,', , Remarks, George C. Marshall Institute Roundtable at the National Press Club, Washington, DC, Mar. 4, 2008; Treverton, G.F., (2003) Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information, 3; Lowenthal, M.M., (2006) Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy, 86; 'Spies in the Sky,' (2009) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 6. , June 6; Wortzel, L.M., 'The Chinese People's Liberation Army and Space Warfare,' at 5 (Emerging United States -China Military Competition, a Project of the American Enterprise Institute, Oct. 17, 2007); 'The World on Your Desktop,' (2007) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 24. , Sept. 8; 'The World on Your Desktop,' (2007) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 24. , Sept. 8; http://www.unitar.org/unosat/what-we-do, The UNOSAT is the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Operational Satellite Applications Programme, implemented in cooperation with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); The images were released but later allegedly removed from the UNOSAT website. See Andrew Stroehlein, 'UN Blocking Release of Sri Lanka Satellite Images?' Reuters, Apr. 30, 2009; Chapter 5 section 1 on covert operations; http://www.defense.gov/qdr/images/QDR_as_of_12Feb10_1000.pdf, 'United States Quadrennial Defense Review Report,' at 73 (Feb. 2010) available online; (2009) Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding US Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities, , United States National Academy of Sciences; 'Tracking GhostNet: Investigating a Cyber Espionage Network,' at 5 (Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto & SecDev Group, Ottawa, May 29, 2009). A cyber espionage network involving over 1295 compromised computers in the ministries of foreign Affairs of Iran, Bangladesh, Latvia, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Barbados and Bhutan was unearthed. Hacked systems were found in the embassies of India, South Korea, Indonesia, Romania, Cyprus, Malta, Thailand, Taiwan, Portugal, Germany and Pakistan; Nagaraja, S., Anderson, R., 'The Snooping Dragon: Socialmalware Surveillance of the Tibetan Movement' (Cambridge Computer Laboratory, Technical Report Number 746, Mar. 2009); 'Cyberwarfare: Marching offto Cyberwar,' (2008) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 18. , Dec. 6; Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime, reprinted in CETS No. 185, Nov. 23, 2001. The convention entered into force on July 1, 2004; 'Cyberwarfare: Marching offto Cyberwar (2008) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 18. , Dec. 6; Gorman, S., Electricity Grid in US Penetrated by Spies Wall Street Journal, , http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123914805204099085.html, Apr. 8, 2009, at A1 available online; The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD Convention), May 18, 1977. The convention entered into force on October 5, 1978; According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) there are dozens of nations operating more than 100 weather modification projects. Such programs have mostly been developed in arid and semi-arid regions all over the world because of the lack of sufficient water resources. See also 'Executive Summary of the WMO Statement on Weather Modification,' WMO Documents on Weather Modification Approved by the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences Management Group, Second Session, Oslo, Norway, CAS-MG2/Doc 4.4.1, Appendix C, Sept. 24-26, 2007; House, C.T.J., http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/v3c15/v3c15-1.htm, 'Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025,' a Research Paper Presented to Air Force 2025, Aug. 1996 available online; United States National Security Strategy, at 1 ('The United States is in the early years of a long struggle, similar to what our country faced in the early years of the Cold War') (2006); Schelling, T.C., 'Thinking about Nuclear Terrorism (1982) Inter -national Security, 6 (4). , 73; The notions of preemption, preventive war, and anticipatory action (what in international legal circles is called anticipatory self-defense) do not mean the same thing. According to the United States Department of Defense (DOD) Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms: Preemptive Attack is an attack initiated on the basis of incontrovertible evidence that an enemy attack is imminent; Preventive War is a war initiated in the belief that military Conflict, while not imminent, is inevitable, and to delay would involve greater risk. See United States Department of Defense (DOD), Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms: Joint Publication 1-02 (Apr. 12, 2001, as amended through Aug. 26, 2008). Anticipatory self-defense was first articulated in the 1837 Caroline case when the United States claimed that a state does not need to suffer an actual armed attack before taking defensive action, but may engage in anticipatory self-defense, if the circumstances leading to the use of force are 'instantaneous, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means and no moment of deliberation.' Theoretically the terms 'preemptive attack,' 'preventive war' and 'anticipatory self-defense' are clearly defined. In practice, though, the boundaries between an imminent attack and the risk of an inevitable attack are almost never clear-cut. It can be argued, for instance, that the war in Afghanistan/Pakistan is of preemptive nature while others would categorize such war as preventive war or even precautionary war. For the concept of precautionary attacks, see Chapter 11; Freedman, L., (2005) The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, 72, p. 138. , 143, 236-7 (2003). See also David B. Rivkin et al., 'Preemption and Law in the Twenty-First Century,' 5 Chicago Journal of International Law 467, at 488; The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, at 15 (Sept. 2002); Woolf, A.F., 'Missile Defense, Arms Control, and Deterrence: A New Strategic Framework,' CRS (Congressional Research Service) Report to Congress, at 4 (Oct. 31, 2001); (2008) available online, , http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12061.html, The United States has been investing in a program called prompt global strike. The program envisions the use of hypersonic technology to develop a missile able to attack targets anywhere around the world within 60 minutes of a launch order. See United States National Research Council, 'US Conventional Prompt Global Strike: Issues for 2008 and Beyond'; http://www.defense.gov/qdr/images/QDR_as_of_12Feb10_1000.pdf, United States Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review Report, at 1 (Feb. 2010) (hereinafter US QD 2010) available online; http://www.defense.gov/qdr/report/report20060203.pdf, United States Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review Report, at v (Feb. 6, 2006) (hereinafter US QD 2006) available online; (2009) (hereinafter DOD on China) available online, 34. , http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Power_Report_2009.pdf, United States Department of Defense (DOD), Annual Report to Congress: Military Power of the People's Republic of China, at; Anti-access strategies are used to prevent enemy forces from entering a theatre of operations. Area-denial operations are used to prevent enemy's freedom of action in a smaller area under another's direct control. For example, area-denial operations may involve littoral mine fields; contamination of wide areas with chemical, biological, or radiological agents; the use of anti-ship missiles; the use of submarines and various guerrilla warfare tactics; http://www.defense.gov/news/nuclearweaponspolicy.pdf, United States Department of Energy (DOE) and United States Department of Defense (DOD), 'National Security and Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century,' at 7 (Sept. 2008) (hereinafter US 21st Century) available online; United States National Security Strategy, at 12 (Mar. 2006) (one of the goals of the United States is to 'prevent attacks by terrorist networks before they occur.' Such networks must be 'deterred, disrupted, and disabled' using a broad range of tools); http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_securi ty_strategy.pdf, United States National Security Strategy, at 17 (May 2010) (2010 US National Security Strategy) available online; The United States is keen on strengthening regional missile defense systems, particularly the one in Europe. The United States is to hedge against future regional uncertainties by developing missile defense systems that are easily mobile and relocatable. This will make their movement from one region to another possible if an unexpected crisis develops. The United States claims that its missile defense system is adequate to deal with current threats and that additional efforts must be undertaken to test the system before new capabilities are deployed. See 'United States Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report,' at 25, 39 (Feb. 2010); 'Anti-, IED., Technologies: Bombs Away,' (2010) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 13. , Mar. 6; http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/policy/dod/npr.htm, The old triad being that of the Cold War comprising intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) and longrange nuclear armed bombers. Now this old triad is to be integrated into the first leg of the new triad that includes non-nuclear capabilities. See Nuclear Posture Review (Dec. 2001). Excerpts of the review are available online; http://www.defense.gov/npr/docs/2010%20Nuclear%20Posture%20Review%20Repo rt.pdf, United States Nuclear Posture Review, at 15 (Apr. 2010) available online; http://y12web4.y12.doe.gov/capabilities/; http://www.china.org.cn/government/central_government/2009-01/20/content_17155577.htm, China's National Defense in 2008, at 1 (Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, Jan. 2009) (hereinafter China's National Defense in 2008) available online; Finkelstein, D.M., David M. Finkelstein, 'The Chinese People's Liberation Army in 2020,' paper presented in workshop Changing Nature of Warfare -Global Trends 2020 (United States National Intelligence Council, May 26, 2004); (2009) (hereinafter 2009 Russia National Security Strategy) available online, , www.scrf.gov.ru/documents/99.html, National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 approved by Presidential Decree, Numb. 537, para. 50, May 12; (2010) (hereinafter 2010 Russia Military Doctrine) available online, , http://news.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/461, Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, para. 12, Feb. 5; (hereinafter 2008 Russia Foreign Policy Concept) available online (2008) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, , http://www.mid.ru/ns-osndoc.nsf/osnddeng, The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, approved by Dmitry A. Medvedev, President of the Russian Federation, July 12; http://www.mil.ru/eng/12005/12064/index.shtml, Homepage of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defence, Defence Vision; http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/IMG/pdf/Livre_blanc_Press_kit_english_versi on.pdf, The French White Paper on Defence and National Security; http://interactive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/documents/security/national_secu rity_strategy.pdf, 'The National Security Strategy of the United Kingdom: Security in an Interdependent World' (Mar. 2008) available online; Kundu, A., 'India's National Security Strategy under the BJP/NDA: "Strong at Home, Engaged Abroad,"' at 4, European Institute for Asian Studies (June 2004); S.C. Res. 1172, U.N. S.C. S/RES/1172 (June 6, 1998); (1999), http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/CTBT/nuclear_doctrine_aug_17_1999.ht ml, 'Draft Report of National Security Advisory Board on Indian Nuclear Doctrine,' Aug. 17; (2003) Archives of the Ministry of External Affairs of India, , http://meaindia.nic.in/, 'The Cabinet Committee on Security Reviews Operationalization of India's Nuclear Doctrine,' para. 3, Jan. 4; Burgess, S.F., 'India's Emerging Security Strategy, Missile Defense, and Arms Control,' at 12 (INSS Occasional Paper, USAF Institute for National Security Studies, June 2004); (2008) (referring to a statement of former United States President Jimmy Carter) available online, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7420573.stm, 'Israel "Has 150 Nuclear Weapons,"' BBC News, May 26; Maoz, Z., 'The Mixed Blessing of Israel's Nuclear Policy (2003) International Security, 28 (2), p. 44. , at 53; Named after the Prime Minister of Israel, Menachem Begin; Brom, S., 'Is the Begin Doctrine Still a Viable Option for Israel?' in (2005) Getting Ready for a Nuclear-Ready Iran, 133. , (Henry Sokolski and Patrick Clawson, eds.); Cohen, S.A., 'David Rodman's "Israel's National Security Doctrine": Some Suggested Modifications (2001) Middle East Review of International Affairs, 5 (4). , http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2001/issue4/jv5n4a8.htm, (Dec.) available online; Economist, , also 'Israel's Military Strategy, Two Eyes for an Eye,'Jan. 10, 2009, at 23; (2008), 54. , http://www.mod.go.jp/e/publ/w_paper/2008.html, Part II, 2008 Digest, Defense of Japan, in 2008 National Defense of Japan, at; http://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/etc/c01.html, Art. 9, Japan's constitution available online; Fackler, M., 'Japan Says it Allowed US Nuclear Ships to Port,' (2010) New York Times, , Mar. 9, Harumi Ozawa, 'Japan Lifts Lid on Cold War Nuclear Pacts with US,' Agence France Presse, Mar. 9 2010; (2008) Homepage Military Education Research Library Network, 8. , http://merln.ndu.edu/whitepapers/Brazil_English2008.pdf, Ministério da Defesa, National Strategy of Defense: Peace and Security to Brazil, at; http://www.defence.gov.au/whitepaper/docs/defence_white_paper_2009.pdf, Australia Government Department of Defence, 'Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century, Force 2030,' Defense White Paper 2009, at 11-12 (hereinafter Australia National Defense) available online; http://www.silex.com.au/, Homepage of the company; 'Global Laser Enrichment Achieves Key Milestone in Licensing Path with Early Submittal of Environmental Report to NRC,' GE Press Release, Feb. 4, 2009; National Security Concept of the Republic of Azerbaijan, at 4, approved by Instruction No. 2198 of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (May 23, 2007) available online http://merln.ndu.edu/whitepapers/Azerbaijan2007.pdf ('The aggression against the Republic of Azerbaijan is a major determinant of the country's security environment and is a key factor in the formulation of the National Security Policy'); About 70 countries have freedom of information (FOI) laws and another; http://www.privacyinternational.org/foi/foisurvey2006.pdf, countries have pending FOI legislation, see David Banisar, 'Freedom of Information Around the World, A Global Survey of Access to Government Information Laws' 6 (Privacy International, 2006); (2006), Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, June 25, 1998, reprinted in 38 ILM 517 1999. See also Elli Louka International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order 129-40; Brin, D., (1998) The Transparent Society; http://eng.mod.gov.cn/; Wittner, L.S., 'The Forgotten Years of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1975-78,' (2003) Journal of Peace Research, 40 (4), p. 435. , (Special Issue on Peace History)at 438-9; The NIMBY syndrome describes the tendency of local communities to refuse to host unwanted but necessary facilities. Such facilities are usually hazardous waste disposal sites, incinerators, radioactive waste disposal sites, nuclear reactors and other facilities that have environmental impacts and could potentially Affect public health and safety; Louka, E., Elli Louka, Overcoming National Barriers to International Waste Trade: A New Perspective on the Transnational Movements of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes (1994). See also 'Warning over French Uranium Leak,' BBC News, July 9, 2008 available online http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7496998.stm; Julio Godoy, 'German Leaks Raise More Nuclear Fears,' Inter Press Service, July 8, 2008 available online http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=43108; 'Nuke Waste still a Thorny Issue for Taiwan,' China Post, June 7, 2008; 'EBRD to Help Russia Clean up Nuclear Legacy,' RIA Novosti, June 10, 2008 available online http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080610/109910303.html. Only Sweden seems to have found an answer to the problem of radioactive waste disposal, see Robin Pagnamenta, 'Deep under Sweden's Soil Could Lie a Solution to the UK's Nuclear Waste Problem,' Timesonline, Mar. 8, 2008 available online http://business.timesonline. co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/natural_resources/article3507463.ece ; and lasted until November 29, 2008 (2008) Hundreds of people were killed and wounded during the attacks. See 'India Closes Airspace over Key Nuclear Plant,' Global Security Newswire, Dec. 18, 2008, , http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20081218_2053.php, The 2008 Mumbai attacks were terrorist attacks that involved coordinated shooting and bombing all across Mumbai, one of the largest cities of India. The attacks started on November 26; Zenko, M., 'Nuclear Site is Breached, South African Attack Should Sound Alarms,' (2007) Washington Post, pp. A29. , Dec. 20; (2008), 'IAEA Experts Complete Visit to Pelindaba Nuclear Facility in South Africa,' IAEA Press Release, Jan. 25; IAEA, 'Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2008,' at 23, IAEA Doc. GC(53)/INF/2 (July 2009); Betts, P., 'Can Germany Afford to Phase out Nuclear Plants?' (2010) Financial Times, , http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3d503302-1678-11df-bf44-00144feab49a.html, Feb. 10; (2009), http://www.euronews.net/2009/11/09/uk-plans-to-speedup-planning-for-nucl ear-power/, 'UK Plans to Speed up Planning for Nuclear Power,' EuroNews, Nov. 9; (2010), http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf76.html, 'Nuclear Power in Finland, World Nuclear Association,' Feb. 10; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf47.html, 'Asia's Nuclear Energy Growth,' World Nuclear Association, Aug. 2008 available online; Klug, F., 'US-Vietnam Nuke Deal will Likely Allow Enrichment,' (2010) Washington Post, , http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/07/AR201008 0700413.html, Aug. 7; Hussain, R., 'Ministers of the Association of South East Asian Nations to Discuss Nuclear Power Use,' (2007) New York Times, , http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/business/worldbusiness/21ihtenergy.1.7 193948.html, Aug. 21; (2010), http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf88.html, 'Nuclear Power in South Africa,' World Nuclear Association, Feb. 10; Kazooba, C., (2008), http://allafrica.com/stories/200804211623.html, 'Uganda: Country Turns to Nuclear Power Plants,' all Africa.com, Apr. 21; 'Namibia Hopes to Build Nuclear Power Station: Official,' Agence France Presse, Feb. 15, 2008; US-Bahrain Memorandum of Understanding on Nuclear Energy Cooperation, Mar. 24, 2008; Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Arab Emirates concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (123 Agreement), Jan. 15, 2009. See also Fareed Mahdy, 'Mideast: France, US Pushing Arabs into Nuclear Race,' Inter Press Service, Oct. 25, 2009 available online http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=48990. The decision of the United Arab Emirates to build nuclear reactors has generated a competition among big corporations from France, the United States, Japan and South Korea to win contracts estimated at more than $40 billion; Smith, M.M., Ferguson, C.D., 'France's Nuclear Diplomacy,' (2008) New York Times, , http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/11/opinion/11iht-edfurguson.10925715.html, Mar. 11; 'Egypt Consolidates Lead in Arab Nuclear Power Race,' Agence France Presse, Mar. 27, 2008; (2009), http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL1169719020071211,ttp://www.reuters.co m/article/idUSTRE54543S20090506, 'Egypt won't Sign Nuclear Deal Protocol,' Reuters, Dec. 11, 2007 See also 'Highenriched Uranium Traces Found in Egypt: IAEA,' Reuters, May 6; Jordan's uranium deposits are estimated at 140 000, tons., See 'Areva Granted Uranium Mining Rights in Jordan (2010) World Nuclear News, , http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/ENF-Areva_granted_uranium_mining_right s_in_Jordan-2202104.html, Feb. 22; Beilin, Y., 'Let Jordan Enrich its Own Uranium (2010) New York Times, pp. A19. , June 28; Webb, S., 'Middle East Speeds Up Shift to Nuclear Power,' Reuters (2008), http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL2114685020080121, Jan 21; http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Libya/Nuclear/index.html, Libya agreed to abandon its nuclear weapons program on December 19, 2003. Gaddafi, Libya's leader, admitted that Libya was developing a nuclear weapons program breaching its obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). In 2004, the United States and Britain dismantled Libya's nuclear weapon installations under the supervision of the IAEA. See Libya Profile, Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) available online; 'Libya in Talks with Russia for Weapons, Nuclear Deal: Reports,' Agence France Presse, Aug. 31, 2008; (2008), NEA/OECD, 'Nuclear Energy Outlook 2008,' at 3; (2008), http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Olkiluoto_3_start-up_may_be_postpon ed_until_2012-1710084.html, The costs for Olkiluoto, a generation III nuclear power plant built in Finland, were estimated to be 3 billion. There have been, though, many costoverruns. See 'Olkiluoto 3 Start-up "may be Postponed until 2012,"' World Nuclear News, Oct. 17; 'AREVA/Bechtel Consortium, UniStar Agree on EPC Term Sheet for Calvert Cliffs 3 EPRTM Nuclear Energy Facility,' Marketwire, July 21, 2009; (2007) Economist Technology Quarterly, p. 24. , A 'pebble-bed' reactor in South Africa can be fueled by uranium encapsulated in pebbles having the size of tennis balls, making the reactor safer. See 'Nuclear Dawn'; The IAEA and the Multinational Design Evaluation Program (MDEP) provide reviews of the design of reactors to ensure that the design has adequate nuclear safety features; http://www.gen-4.org/; http://www.iaea.org/INPRO/; http://www.gneppartnership.org/; Cojazzi, G.G.M., 'Proliferation Resistance Characteristics of Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems: A Safeguardability Point of View,' ESARDA Bulletin, (39). , (Oct. 2009). at 34; infra section 2 on enrichment; infra section 2 on reprocessing; Budlong, K.W., Pilat, J.F., (2003), http://esarda2.jrc.it/events/other_meetings/inmm/2003-esarda-inmm-Como/2 -paper%20pdf/2-6-budlong-sylvester-040202-hispdf, 'Safeguards and Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems: Enhancing Safeguardability,' at 1, ESARDA/INMM 2003 Joint Nuclear Workshop on Safeguards Perspectives for a Future Nuclear Environment, Como, Italy, Oct. 14-16; Stein, M., (2008), 'Safeguards Instrumentation for Future Nuclear Fuel Cycles,' IAEA Workshop, Tokai, Japan (Nov. 13-15); The International Nuclear Regulators Association (INRA), an association of officials of well-established national nuclear regulatory organizations in Europe, America and Asia; the G-8 Nuclear Safety and Security Group (G8-NSSG); the Western European Nuclear Regulators Association (WENRA) that includes the heads of nuclear regulatory authorities in 17 European countries; the Ibero-American Forum of Nuclear and Radiological Regulators (including regulators from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Spain and Uruguay); The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (an independent group of experts that issues regulations on the principles of radiation protection), the International Nuclear Safety Group (INSAG), a group of experts working in the field of nuclear safety; The Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN) 'was launched in 2002 to pool, analyse and share nuclear safety information, existing and new knowledge and practical experience among specialists in Asian countries.' Participating countries include: China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. See Homepage http://wwwansn. iaea.org/. Other networks include: the Ibero-American Nuclear Radiation Network hosted by Brazil; the Global Nuclear Safety Network (GNSN) established by the G-8; the International Regulatory Knowledge Network to be hosted by the IAEA; EURATOM Supply Agency, Annual Report 2009, at 15 (2009). These three big producers are followed by Australia, Russia, Uzbekistan and the United States. Africa includes the states of South Africa, Namibia, Niger and Gabon; Total HEU in metric tons, all states, 2008: Russia 933; United States 645; France 36.4; UK 22.4; China 20; Pakistan 2; India 0.6; Israel 0.1; NNWS 10; total 1669.5. The numbers for the United States and the United Kingdom are official information. The numbers for the rest of NWS are mostly estimates by nongovernmental sources. The numbers for NNWS are based on their safeguards with the IAEA. See International Panel on Fissile Materials, 'Global Fissile Material Report 2008: Scope and Verification of a Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty,' at 10-11 (2008) (hereinafter 2008 Global Fissile Report); Urenco's shares are held one-third by the UK government, one-third by the Dutch government and one-third by the German utilities RWE AG and E.ON AG. See also Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on Collaboration in the Development and Exploitation of the Gas Centrifuge Process for Producing Enriched Uranium (Treaty of Almelo), Mar. 4, 1970. For more details on the treaty, see Chapter 7 section 4; Eurodif is owned by Areva, a publicly held French company (44.653 percent), Sofidif (25 percent), Synatom (Belgium) (11.111 percent), Enusa (Spain) (11.111 percent) and Enea (Italy) (8.125 percent). Regarding Sofidif, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) holds 40 percent of Sofidif and Areva holds 60 percent of Sofidif. On the Iranian stake in Eurodif through Sofidif, see Chapter 7 section 4; EURATOM Supply Agency, Annual Report 2009, at 17 (2009); Grossman, E.M., (2010), http://gsn.nti.org/gsn/nw_20100730_6449.php, 'Agency Forgoes Proliferation Review of New Nuclear Technology, Despite Worries,' Global Security Newswire, July 30; Both the countries have demonstrated interest in getting involved in the International Uranium Enrichment Center, see Chapter 7 section 4; The United States banned reprocessing in 1977. Other countries have viewed reprocessing as a way to take full advantage of the nuclear fuel cycle. Countries that have adopted reprocessing as part of the nuclear fuel cycle have argued that it makes more sense to reprocess spent fuel rather than to store it in pools of nuclear reactors. This is because as radioactivity in stored spent fuel declines, spent fuel storage sites become essentially plutonium mines (with all the implications that this has for the diversion to the production of nuclear weapons). See David Fischer, History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years 153 (1997); The Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, Weapons of Terror: Freeing the World of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Arms 77 (2006). Countries that have MOX fuel fabrication include Belgium, France, India, Japan, and the United Kingdom; EURATOM Supply Agency, 'Annual Report 2007,' at 25 (2007); Dispute concerning Access to Information under Article 9 of the OSPAR Convention (Ireland v. United Kingdom), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Final Award, July 2, 2003 available online http://www.pca-cpa.org/upload/files/OSPAR%20Award.pdf. For an analysis of the case, see Elli Louka, International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order 136-40 (2006); Civilian stocks of plutonium are based on the declarations of states for such stocks. These declarations are filed annually by states that have undertaken an obligation to file such declarations -Belgium, China, Germany, Japan, Russia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. See 'Communication Received from Certain Member States concerning their Policies regarding the Management of Plutonium,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/549 (Mar. 16, 1998); Stocks of separated plutonium in metric tons in 2007: Russia 187.4; United States 91.9; UK 84.8; France 57.4; Japan 44.7; Germany 15; India 7.08; China 4; Israel 0.6; Belgium 0.6; Pakistan 0.09; and North Korea 0.037. The numbers for the civilian stocks of separated plutonium are based on declarations of states with the exception of Germany. This is because Germany does not report its stocks held by other countries (for reprocessing). German fuel is reprocessed abroad by Cogema and BNFLand some of its separated plutonium is stored in other countries; http://www.jnfl.co.jp/english/reprocessing.html, Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited is the company involved in the construction and operation of the Rokkasho. Information about the Rokkasho plant is available online; The Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission (2006) Weapons of Terror: Freeing the World of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Arms, p. 100; 'The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management,' at 7 (IAEA Safety Series No. 111-F, 1995); 'The Long Term Storage of Radioactive Waste: Safety and Sustainability, A Position Paper of International Experts,' at 3 (IAEA, 2003); The IAEA has classified radioactive waste into: high level waste (HLW) for which deep geologic disposal is required; intermediate level waste (ILW) for which intermediate depth disposal is required; low level waste (LLW) for which near level disposal is sufficient. For very short lived waste (VSLW) only decay storage is required and for very low level waste (VLLW) landfill disposal is necessary. Exempt waste (EW) does not need to be treated as radioactive waste. For the classification of radioactive waste, see 'Classification of Radioactive Waste' (IAEA Safety Standards Series, No. GSG-1, 2009); 'Nuclear Fuel Dump in Russian Arctic in Danger of Exploding, Norwegian Group Says,' Associated Press, June 1, 2007; (1997) (hereinafter Spent Fuel Convention) available online, , http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/1997/infcirc546.pdf, Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Sept. 5, 1997, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/546, Dec. 24; http://www.un.org/events/npt2005/npttreaty.html, Preamble, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), July 1, 1968, reprinted in 21 UST 483, 729 UNTS 169 (hereinafter NPT) available online The treaty entered into force on March 5, 1970; During the negotiations of the NPT, several NNWS were critical of the imbalance between the concrete obligations of NNWS and the vague obligations of NWS. See also Zhang Xinjun, 'The Riddle of "Inalienable Right" in Article IV of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Intentional Ambiguity,'Chinese Journal of International Law 647 (2006); In the preamble of the treaty states express 'their support for research, development and other efforts to further the application, within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards system, of the principle of safeguarding effectively the flow of source and special fissionable materials by use of instruments and other techniques at certain strategic points.'; Ford, C.A., 'The Nonproliferation Bestiary: A Typology and Analysis of Nonproliferation Regimes,' 39 (2007) NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, p. 937. , at 942-3; Bosch, M.M., 'The Non-Proliferation Treaty and its Future,' in International Law, the International Court of Justice and Nuclear Weapons, 375, p. 379. , (Laurence Boisson de Chazournes et al., eds, 1999); infra section 3 on Export Controls; infra section 4 on Unleashing the Might of the Security Council; William Walker, 'Nuclear Order and Disorder,' 76(4) International Affairs 703 (2000). On forum shopping, see Elli Louka, International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order 63-4 (2006); Hall, K., (2003), http://www.wiseparis.org/index.html?/english/othersnews/index.html&a mp;/english/frame/menu.html&/english/frame/band.html, 'Missing Plutonium Probe Latest Flap for Japan's Beleaguered Nuclear Power Industry,' Associated Press, Jan. 28; Based on the statute of the IAEA, the agency is authorized: 'To establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials, services, equipment, facilities, and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose; and to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy.' See Art. III(A) (5), Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Oct. 26, 1956, reprinted in 276 UNTS 3 (hereinafter Statute) available online http://www.iaea.org/About/statute_text.html. It entered into force on July 29, 1957; States are to provide design information to the IAEA as soon as the decision to construct, to authorize construction or to modify an existing facility has been taken. The IAEA's authority to verify design information is a continuing right and does not expire when a facility goes into operation and/or when a facility closes down. See IAEA Doc. GOV/2554/Att.2/Rev. 2 (Apr. 1, 1992); Chapter 3 section 2. Reprocessing is the chemical treatment of irradiated fuel that is used to separate one or more elements (in most cases, plutonium and uranium) from unwanted radioactive by-products and from each other; Moreover, according to the IAEA statute, the IAEA is to act as depository of excess fissionable material so that dangerous stockpiling of such material is prevented. The function of the IAEA as depository of nuclear material has not been realized yet. Initiatives have been undertaken, though, in this direction. See Chapter 10 section 7, on the Trilateral Initiative; http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/safeg_system.pdf, IAEA, 'The Safeguards System of the International Atomic Energy Agency,' at 1 (no date) available online; http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/nvs-3-cd/PDF/NVS3_prn.pdf, 'IAEA Safeguards Glossary' 2001 edition, at 17, para. 3.7 (IAEA, 2002) (hereinafter Safeguards Glossary) available online; The material balance reports include: the beginning physical inventory; inventory changes; ending book inventory; shipper/receiver differences; adjusted ending book inventory; ending physical inventory; and material unaccounted for (MUF). See 'The Structure and Content of Agreements between the Agency and States Required in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/153 (Corrected), July 1972 (hereinafter Initial Safeguards) available online http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/infcirc153.pd f; http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Booklets/Safeguards3/safeguards0707.pdf, IAEA, 'IAEA Safeguards: Staying Ahead of the Game,' at 19 (July 2007) available online; 'The Agreement [between the IAEA and the State] should provide that safeguards shall be implemented in a manner designed: (a) To avoid hampering the economic and technological development of the State or international co-operation in the field of peaceful nuclear activities, including international exchange of nuclear material [footnote omitted]; (b) To avoid undue interference in the State's peaceful nuclear activities, and in particular in the operation of facilities; and (c) To be consistent with prudent management practices required for the economic and safe conduct of nuclear activities. 5. The Agreement should provide that the Agency shall take every precaution to protect commercial and industrial secrets and other confidential information coming to its knowledge in the implementation of the Agreement.'; Fischer, D., (1997) History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years, p. 456; States have refused to allow in inspectors because they come from states that do not accept the IAEA safeguards or because they come from states nonparties to the NPT. Some states have refused to allow in inspectors not fluent in Spanish. During the Cold War, NATO countries refused to accept inspectors from socialist countries; (1997), http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/1997/infcirc540c.pdf, Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/540 (Corrected), May 15, (hereinafter 1997 Additional Protocol); (2002), http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Booklets/TeamingInspectors/teaming_insp ectors.pdf, Not all states have ratified the 1997 Additional Protocol. As with the initial comprehensive safeguard agreement (CSA), each state has to sign and ratify an Additional Protocol. 28. See also 'New Safeguards Equipment Systems: Teaming IAEA Inspectors with Technology,' at 13; Carlson, J., (2002), http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/ss-2001/PDF%20files/Sessio n%203/Paper%203-02.pdf, 'Integrated Safeguards: Australia's Views and Experience,' IAEA-SM-367/3/02; IAEA, 'Plan of Action to Promote Conclusion of Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocol' (Sept. 2007); Annex, B., http://ola.iaea.org/OLA/documents/GINF276.pdf, 'Standard Text of a Protocol to an Agreement,' IAEA Doc. GOV/INF/276 (Aug. 22, 1974) available online; Beilin, Y., 'Let Jordan Enrich its Own Uranium,' (2010) New York Times, pp. A19. , June 28; (2010), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia_Pacific/10299982.stm, There have been suspicions that Myanmar, an isolated state and a dictatorship, that has signed an SQP, is cultivating nuclear weapons ambitions. See 'Burma Denies Nuclear Weapons Programme,' BBC News, June 11; http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/sir_table.pdf, Status List: Conclusion of safeguards agreements, additional protocols and small quantities protocols as of 5 August 2010 available online; The modifications of SQPs (1) make an SQP unavailable to a state with a planned or existing facility; (2) require states to provide initial reports on nuclear material, and to provide early design information in line with GOV/2554/Att.2/Rev.2 which has established that design information should be provided as soon as the decision to construct or to authorize construction of a new facility has been taken; and (3) allow for inspections. Therefore, while the SQPs remain part of the safeguards system, the practical implications of the changes are that the IAEA has acquired the authority to implement CSAs even in states with little or no nuclear material. See 'The Standard Text of Safeguards Agreements in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Revision of the Standardized Text of the "Small Quantities Protocol,"' IAEA Doc. GOV/INF/276/Mod.1 (Feb. 21, 2006) available online http://ola.iaea.org/OLA/documents/ginf276mod1.pdf; http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/infcirc66r2.p df, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/66/Rev.2 (Sept. 16, 1968) available online; Protocol Additional to the Agreement between the United States of America and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in the United States of America, June 11, 1998, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/288/Add.1 (Mar. 9, 2009) available online http://www. iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2009/infcirc288a1.pdf. The safeguards agreement signed between the IAEA and the United States contains a national security exception. As a result of the United States' adoption of the Additional Protocol, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which supervises civilian nuclear plants, has instructed such plants about the activities that they must report to the IAEA under the Additional Protocol. The United States Department of Energy is to spend $10 million to comply with the safeguards provisions for sites under its control, some of which are weapons sites. The Department of Defense has declared that all its facilities fall under the national security exception. See also Protocol between the Russian Federation and the International Atomic Energy Agency Additional to the Agreement between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Mar. 22, 2000, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/327/Add.1 (Jan. 8, 2008) available online http://www.iaea. org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2008/infcirc327a1.pdf; In-field activities include: review of facility accounting and operating records to confirm state reports; measurements of nuclear material items to confirm that declarations of MUF are within the expected limits and that diversion of nuclear material has not been concealed; review of records from surveillance devices; Verification of not tampering with sealing systems; and environmental sampling to ensure the absence of undeclared material at facilities; Conversion time is defined as the 'time required to convert different forms of nuclear material to the metallic components of a nuclear explosive device.' Conversion time is based on the following assumptions: it does not include the time required to transport diverted material to the conversion facility; it does not include the time required to assemble the device, or any subsequent period; the diversion activity is assumed to be part of a planned sequence of actions chosen to give a high probability of success in manufacturing one or more nuclear explosive devices with minimal risk of discovery until at least one such device is manufactured; Environmental sampling is used to find out whether undeclared activities take place at a facility or whether undeclared items are handled at specific locations. The majority of environmental sampling is done by swiping equipment and building structures; Dillon, G., 'Wide Area Environmental Sampling in Iran,' in (2006) Falling Behind: International Scrutiny of the Peaceful Atom, p. 85. , (Henry D. Sokolski, ed., 2008). New forensic techniques available include: optically stimulated luminescence, which is used to find out whether a location has been used for storing radiological material; and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which is used to establish the nature and history of compounds and elements found at a location. See also IAEA, 'Technical Meeting on Techniques for IAEA Verification of Enrichment Activities,' STR-349 (2005); IAEA, 'Technical Meeting on Application of Laser Spectrometry Techniques in IAEA Safeguards' 92-3; (2007), 'Illicit Nuclear Trafficking: Collective Experience and the Way Forward,' at 5, Proceedings of an International Conference held in Edinburgh, Nov. 19-22, (IAEA 2008); 'IAEA., and Iraq, Chronology of, IAEA., Inspections and Key Events,', Jan., 2003 available online http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/IaeaIraq/chrono_jan_04.shtml, See also infra section 4, Iraq Case Study; Carlson, J., 'Integrated Safeguards: Australia's Views and Experience' at 6 (IAEA-SM-367/3/02, 2002), , http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/ss-2001/PDF%20files/Sessio n%203/Paper%203-02.pdf; infra section 4, North Korea Case Study; 'The Agency's Regime for the Protection of Safeguards Confidential Information,' IAEA Doc. GOV/INF/2002/1 (Feb. 5, 2002); Rislove, D.C., 'Global Warming v. Non-Proliferation: The Time has Come for Nations to Reassert their Right to Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy (2006) Wisconsin International Law Journal, 24, p. 1069. , at 1087, 07; The Committee has been named after its first chairman Claude Zangger. On the establishment and rules of the Zangger Committee, see Ian Anthony et al., 'Reforming Nuclear Export Controls: The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group,' SIPRI Research Report No. 22, at 13-16 (2007); http://www.zanggercommittee.org/Zangger/default.htm, Zangger Committee Homepage; Wohlstetter, A., 'Spreading the Bomb without Quite Breaking the Rules,' 25 Foreign Policy, p. 88. , (Winter 1976-7); http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/Leng/default.htm, Homepage of Nuclear Suppliers Group; (2009) (hereinafter Origins) available online, , http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/Leng/PDF/infcirc539r4.pdf, 'The Nuclear Suppliers Group: Its Origins, Role and Activities,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/539/Rev.4, Nov. 5; (2007), http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/Leng/PDF/infcirc254r9p1-071107.pdf, Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/254, Part 1 1978. The guidelines were adopted in 1978 and were subsequently amended. For the amended version of the guidelines, see IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/254/Rev. 9/Part 1, Nov. 7 (hereinafter NSG Part 1); The annex to Part 2 guidelines includes a range of equipment, assemblies and components (such as valves, lasers, vacuum pumps and robots, which are designed to comply with national standards regarding the handling of high explosives or to withstand certain radiation doses); and materials (such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, tritium) that have both nuclear and non-nuclear applications; see 'Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-related Dual-use Equipment, Materials, Software and Related Technology,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/254, Part 2 (1992, as amended). The guidelines were adopted in 1992 and were subsequently amended, see IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/254/Rev.7/Part 2, Mar. 20, 2006 (hereinafter NSG Part 2) available online http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/Leng/PDF/infcirc254r7p2-060320.pdf; Thorne, C.E., 'Multilateral Nuclear Export Controls: Past, Present and Future,' in International Seminar on the Role of Export Controls in Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 25. , http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org/Leng/PDF/SeminarControl1.pdf, 26 (Oct. 7-8, 1997); After 1977, the number of states participating in the NSG grew steadily. After 1991, the group started to meet regularly. In order to facilitate coordination among members, the group has become more structured. Decisions on which countries can participate in the NSG are made by consensus and a number of preconditions have to be satisfied including: enforcement of a legally based domestic export control system; and adherence to and compliance with one or more of the NPT, the Treaties of Pelindaba, Rarotonga, Tlatelolco, Bangkok or an equivalent international nuclear non-proliferation agreement. See http://www.nuclear suppliersgroup.org/Leng/03-member.htm; States that have adopted the Additional Protocol agree to provide the IAEA with a declaration on the export of specified equipment and material listed in the annex of the Protocol; Council Regulation (EC) 1334/2000 of 22 June 2000 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports of dual-use items and technology, OJ L 159/1, 30.6.2000; For a state to become a member in MTCR, it must demonstrate a sustained and sustainable commitment to non-proliferation; and have a legally based effective export control system that puts into effect MTCR guidelines and procedures. Decisions on whether to admit states into the regime are taken by consensus; http://www.mtcr.info/english/objectives.html, The objectives of the MTCR regime are available online; http://www.mtcr.info/english/guidelines.html, Para. 2, 'Guidelines for Sensitive Missile-Relevant Transfers' (hereinafter MTCR Guidelines) available online; http://www.mtcr.info/english/MTCR-TEM-2009-Annex-002.pdf, Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), Equipment, Software and Technology Annex, MTCR/TEM/2009/Annex/002, Nov. 10, 2009; To evaluate applications to export annex items, a government must take into account the following factors: 'A. Concerns about the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; B. The capabilities and objectives of the missile and space programs of the recipient state; C. The significance of the transfer in terms of the potential development of delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for weapons of mass destruction; E. The applicability of relevant multilateral agreements;; The code was adopted in 2002. As of February 2008, 128 countries have agreed to abide by the terms of the code. The code was formerly known as the International Code of Conduct (ICOC). It is not a legally binding instrument. It encourages states to take measures to control missile proliferation such as: annual reporting of their ballistic missile programs; and alerting all signatories before conducting ballistic missile tests. See International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, Nov. 26, 2002; In addition to the regimes mentioned here there are a number of other export control regimes. The Australia Group is an informal arrangement that concentrates on the harmonization of export controls with regard to chemical and biological weapons. The Wassenaar Arrangement promotes transparency and greater responsibility in the transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies preventing, therefore, the 'destabilizing accumulations' of such goods and technologies. For a good analysis of the regimes, see United States General Accounting Office (GAO), 'Nonproliferation: Strategy Needed to Strengthen Multilateral Export Control Regimes' (Oct. 2002); Beck, M., 'Strengthening Multilateral Export Controls,' at 20, Center for International Trade and Security, University of Georgia (Sept. 2002); Under some countries' catch-all controls, the government must show that exporters had absolute knowledge that an export would support a WMD proliferation activity to prosecute them. Under other countries' catch-all controls, the government needs to show only that exporters knew or suspected that an export would support a WMD proliferation activity to take action against them; Hay, B.L., 'Allocating the Burden of Proof,' (1997) Indiana Law Journal, 72, p. 577; Chapter 7 section 3 on the liability of operators of nuclear power plants; On the transfer of the burden of proof under the precautionary principle, see Elli Louka (2006) International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order, pp. 50-51; Art. 25, UN Charter; The central role of the Security Council in the, UN., system was 'neither a mistake nor an, oversight., The whole idea was to marshal effective power in pursuit of, peace., ' See Michael Reisman, 'Amending the, UN., Charter: The Art of the Feasible,' (1994) American Society International Law Proceedings, 88, p. 108; S.C. Res. 678, U.N. Doc. S/RES/678 (Nov. 29, 1990); S.C. Res. 660, U.N. Doc. S/RES/660 (Aug. 2, 1990); S.C. Res. 687, U.N. Doc. S/RES/687 (Apr. 3, 1991); also S.C. Res. 715, U.N. Doc. S/RES/715 (Oct. 11, 1991); In 1993, a coalition of forces attacked Iraq because it was in violation of its obligations to destroy WMD. The 1998 Operation Desert Fox took place because of Iraq's denial to allow IAEA inspectors to access certain facilities. See William H. Taft IV and Todd F. Buchwald, 'Preemption, Iraq and International Law,' 97 American Journal of International Law 557, at 559 (2003); Iraq had launched a number of complaints against the UNSCOM claiming that the commission was an American espionage agency. See Ruth Wedgwood, 'The Enforcement of Security Council Resolution 687: The Threat of Force Against Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction,' 92 American Journal of International Law 724 (1998); S.C. Res. 1441, U.N. Doc. S/Res/1441 (Nov. 8, 2002); The extensive mandate of the IAEA is evident in paragraph 7 of the resolution. According to paragraph 7, due to 'the prolonged interruption by Iraq of the presence of UNMOVIC and the IAEA' the Security Council established the following authorities of UNMOVIC and IAEA: the UNMOVIC and the IAEA determine the composition of their inspection teams; they have unrestricted rights of entry into and out of Iraq, the right to free, unrestricted, and immediate movement to and from inspection sites, and the right to inspect any sites and buildings; they have the right to be provided by Iraq the names of all personnel associated with Iraq's WMD programmes and the associated R&D and production facilities; they have the right to declare exclusion zones in which Iraq must suspend ground and aerial movement so that nothing is altered of a site being inspected; they have free and unrestricted access to fixed-and rotary-winged aircraft, including manned and unmanned reconnaissance vehicles; they have the right at their sole discretion to remove, destroy, or render harmless all prohibited weapons and other related items, and the right to impound or close any related facilities or equipment; and they have the right to free import and use of equipment or materials for inspections and to seize and export any equipment. The security of UNMOVIC and IAEA facilities is ensured by sufficient UN security guards; Lobel, J., Ratner, M., 'Bypassing the Security Council: Ambiguous Authorizations to Use Force, Cease Fires and the Iraqi Inspection Regime,' (1999) American Journal of International Law, 93, p. 124; Warbrick, C., McGoldrick, D., 'The Use of Force against Iraq,' (2003) International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 52 (3), p. 811; Wedgwood, R., 'The Fall of Saddam Hussein: Security Council Mandates and Preemptive Self-Defense,' (2003) American Journal of International Law, 97, p. 576. , at 577; Gellman, B., 'Search in Iraq Fails to Find Nuclear Threat: No Evidence Uncovered of Reconstituted Program,' (2003) Washington Post, pp. A1. , Oct 26; Frantz, D., Collins, C., 55 (2007) The Nuclear Jihadist: The True Story of the Man who Sold the World's Dangerous Secrets. .. and How We Could Have Stopped Him; 'As the Enrichment Machines Spin On, Briefing Iran's Nuclear Program,' (2008) Economist, p. 31. , Feb 2; Report by the Director General, 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran,' IAEA Doc. GOV/2008/59 (Nov. 19, 2008); para. 8, S.C. Res. 1737, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1737 (Dec. 27, 2006) calling upon Iran to ratify promptly the Additional Protocol. See also para. 6, S.C. Res. 1696, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1696 (July 31, 2006) asking Iran 'to act in accordance with the provisions of the Additional Protocol and to implement without delay all transparency measures as the IAEA may request in support of its ongoing investigations [emphasis added]'; Para. 1, S.C. Res. 1803, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1803 (Mar. 3, 2008) in which the Security Council reaffirms that 'Iran shall without further delay take the steps required by the IAEA Board of Governors in its resolution GOV/2006/14, which are essential to build confidence in the exclusively peaceful purpose of its nuclear programme.. .' Iran signed the Additional Protocol on December 18, 2003 but as of 2010 it had not ratified the Protocol. Iran signed the Additional Protocol to fulfil the terms of an agreement it concluded with the E-3 (Germany, UK, France) on the suspension of its enrichment activities. According to that agreement, 'Iran will continue to implement the Additional Protocol voluntarily pending ratification.' See 'Iran-EU Agreement on Nuclear Programme,' Nov. 14, 2004 available online http://www. iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/IaeaIran/eu_iran14112004.shtm. Given the number of Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006 that ask Iran to implement the Additional Protocol, Iran has an obligation to implement the Protocol and the fact that it has yet to ratify it has become moot. For the binding character of UN Security Council resolutions; Bank Melli and Bank Saderat and their branches and subsidiaries, see, para 10 S. C. Res. U. N. Doc. S/Res/1803 (1803), (Mar. 3 2008); 'Diplomacy and Iran, Anything More to Declare?' (2009) Economist, p. 57. , Oct 3; Based on Article 42 of Iran's CSA agreement with the IAEA, information on the design of new facilities must be provided 'as early as possible before nuclear material is introduced into a new facility.' See 'The Text of the Agreement between Iran and the Agency for the Application of Safeguards in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/214, Dec. 13, 1974. Before 1992, the phrase 'as early as possible before nuclear material is introduced into a new facility' was interpreted to mean that design information on new facilities should be provided to the IAEA no later than six months before the introduction of nuclear material into a new facility. This interpretation was included in the subsidiary arrangements that were attached to each safeguards agreement. In 1992, however, the board of the IAEA adopted a new interpretation of this provision. According to this interpretation, the design information on new facilities is to be provided to the agency as soon as the decision to construct or authorize the construction of a new facility is taken -that is before construction actually begins. See IAEA Doc. GOV/2554/Att.2/Rev. 2 (Apr. 1, 1992). This interpretation was adopted as a confidence-building measure to ensure the implementation of safeguards in new facilities. Providing information before construction takes place should give the IAEA enough time to apply its safeguards system. All NNWS parties to the NPT were required to adapt their subsidiary arrangements to take into account this interpretation. By February 2003, all relevant states had done so. See 'Strengthening the Effectiveness and Improving the Efficiency of the Safeguards System including Implementation of Additional Protocols,' IAEA Doc. GC(47)/8 (July 23, 2003). Iran accepted this modification to its subsidiary arrangement (the so-called Code 3.1 of the subsidiary arrangement) by a letter to the IAEA dated February 26, 2003, see Report by the Director General, 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran,' para. 15, IAEA. Doc. GOV/2003/40 (June 6, 2003). In 2007, though, Iran claimed that the modification of Code 3.1 was never ratified by its legislative body, therefore, Iran was not bound by it. Iran consequently claims that it does not have the obligation to provide information as soon as the decision to construct or to authorize the construction of a facility is taken. It has only the obligation to provide information 180 days before nuclear material is introduced at a facility. See Report by the Director General, 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran,' IAEA Doc. GOV/2007/22 (May 23, 2007). The agency has asked Iran to reconsider its position and claimed that, according to Article 39 of its safeguards agreement, Iran could not unilaterally change the subsidiary arrangements. Article 39 of Iran's safeguards agreement provides: 'Subsidiary Arrangements may be extended or changed by agreement between the Government of Iran and the Agency.. .' See 'The Text of the Agreement between Iran and the Agency for the Application of Safeguards in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/214 (Dec. 13, 1974). The agency has claimed also that according to GOV/2554/Att.2/Rev. 2, its right to verify design information is a continuing right 'which is not dependent on the stage of construction of, or the presence of nuclear material, at a facility.' See also S.C. 1803, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1803 (Mar. 3, 2008); also Report by the Director General, 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran,' IAEA Doc./2010/28 (May 31, 2010). Based on the Report by the Director General, Iran has provided access to a number of declared facilities, but the IAEA has remained concerned that it is unable to verify the correctness and completeness of Iran's declaration as Iran does not implement the Additional Protocol, in violation of the Security Council resolutions; The resolution provides that Iran shall not acquire an interest in any commercial activity in another state that deals with uranium mining, uraniumenrichment and reprocessing activities or technology related to ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons. States shall prohibit the provision of bunkering services, such as fuel and supplies, to Iranian-owned or -contracted vessels, including chartered vessels, if they have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe they are carrying WMD materials and equipment. States must request inspections of vessels on the high seas with the consent of the flag state if there is information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that such vessels are carrying WMD materials or equipment. See S.C. Res. 9948, U.N. Doc. S/RES/9948 (June 9, 2010); S.C. Res. 825, U.N. Doc. S/RES/825 (May 11, 1993); http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/infcirc457.pd f, Agreed Framework of 21 October 1994 between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/457 (Nov. 2, 1994) (hereinafter NK Agreement); The agreement simply stated that the United States and North Korea are to cooperate to store safely the spent fuel, during the construction of the LWR project, and to dispose of it in a safe manner that does not entail reprocessing in North Korea; 'Timeline: N. Korea Nuclear Stand-off,' BBC News, Oct. 6, 2009 (hereinafter BBC NK Timeline) available online http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/mobile/asiaPacific/7265679.stm; The Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, 'Weapons of Terror: Freeing the World of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Arms' 67 (2006); S.C. Res. 1695, U.N. Doc. S/Res/1695 (July 15, 2006); Andreas L. Paulus and Jörn Muller, 'Security Council Resolution 1718 on North Korea's Nuclear Test,' ASIL Insights, 10(29), Nov. 3, 2006; S.C. Res. 1718, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1718 (Oct. 14, 2006); S.C. 1874, U.N. Doc. S/Res/1874 (June 12, 2009); Report by the Director General, 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Syrian Arab Republic,' para. 19 (emphasis added), IAEA Doc. GOV/2008/60 (Nov. 19, 2008); According to Article 41 of that agreement, Syria is to provide the IAEA with design information regarding new facilities 'as early as possible before nuclear material is introduced into a new facility.' See 'Agreement of 25 February 1992 between the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic and the International Atomic EnergyAgency for the Application of Safeguards in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/407 (July 1992). Before 1992, the phrase 'as early as possible before nuclear material is introduced into a new facility' was interpreted to mean that design information on new facilities should be provided to the IAEA no later than six months before the introduction of nuclear material into a new facility. This interpretation was included in the subsidiary arrangements that were attached to each safeguards agreement. In 1992, however, the board of the IAEA adopted a new interpretation of this provision. According to this interpretation, the design information on new facilities is to be provided to the agency as soon as the decision to construct or authorize the construction of a new facility is taken -that is before construction actually begins. See IAEA Doc. GOV/2554/Att.2/Rev. 2 (Apr. 1, 1992). This interpretation was adopted as a confidence-building measure to ensure the implementation of safeguards in new facilities. Providing information before construction takes place should give the IAEA enough time to apply the safeguards system to new facilities. All NNWS parties to the NPT were required to adapt their subsidiary arrangements to take into account this interpretation. By February 2003, all relevant states had done so. See 'Strengthening the Effectiveness and Improving the Efficiency of the Safeguards System including Implementation of Additional Protocols,' IAEA Doc. GC(47)/8 (July 23, 2003). Since information on the design of new facilities must be given before construction even begins, Syria was in violation of its safeguard agreement with the IAEA assuming it was building a nuclear reactor without notifying the IAEA, something that to this current date Syria denies; Preamble, S.C. Res. 1887, U.N. Doc. S/Res/1887 (Sept. 24, 2009); Para. 2, S.C. Res. 984, U.N. Doc. S/Res/984 (Apr. 11, 1995); According to ElBaradei, Director General of the IAEA, the UN resolutions against Iran have been largely 'expressions of frustration,' quoted in Mark Heinrich, Exclusive: 'ElBaradei Says West Won't Meet Iran Atom Demand,' Reuters, Nov. 25, 2009 available online http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5AO3DJ20091125; On the differentiation approach, see Chapter 5 section 5 on 'Strategies of Non-proliferation.'; [22] USC 3201 et seq; [42] USC 2153 et seq; Squassoni, S., 'US Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress,' at 16, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress (Jan. 12, 2006); (2005), 'Joint Statement between President George W. Bush and the Prime Minister Manmohan,' July 18, (White House, archives, news releases); For more details on the Fissile Material CutoffTreaty, see Chapter 10 section 8; Paul, T.V., 'The US-India Nuclear Accord: Implications for the Nonproliferation Regime,' 62 International Journal, 845 (2007). , at 860; www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/US-India-FinalTextof123Agreement.pdf, Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (123 Agreement), Aug. 3, 2007. The agreement is available online; Agreement between the Government of India and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards to Civilian Nuclear Facilities, paras 14, 22 (July 7, 2008) available online http://www.dae.gov.in/press/IaeaIndiaSGADrft.pdf. See also 'Communication dated 25 July 2008 received from the Permanent Mission of India concerning a document entitled "Implementation of the India-United States Joint Statement of July 18, 2005: India's Separation Plan,"' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/731 (July 25, 2008) available online http://www. iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2008/infcirc731.pdf; Nuclear Suppliers Group 'Statement on Civil Nuclear Cooperation with India,' Sept. 6, 2008; France was looking for a nuclear testing site since 1957 and decided by the end of 1963 to use the islands in the South Pacific. The removal by France of the leaders of New Caledonia and French Polynesia seems to have been motivated by considerations regarding nuclear testing. According to the French government, preventive action was necessary to hold these territories for France. See Jean-Marc Regnault, 'France's Search for Nuclear Test Sites, 1957-1963,' 67 Journal of Military History 1223, at 1247 (Oct. 2003); Iain Scobbie, 'Discontinuance in the International Court: The Enigma of the Nuclear Tests Cases,' 41 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 808, at 829 (1992); Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France), Interim Measures, June 22, 1973, (1973) ICJ Rep. 99 (hereinafter Australia Case). For a similar case brought by New Zealand and similar arguments made by New Zealand, see Nuclear Tests Case (New Zealand v. France), Interim Measures, June 22, 1973, (1973) ICJ Rep. 135; (1974) Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France), , Judgment, Dec. 20, 1974, ICJ Rep. 253, at 266, para 35; http://www.nuclearclaimstribunal.com/, Nuclear Claims Tribunal, Republic of the Marshall Islands; Section 177(a), Compact of Free Association of the United States of America and the Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, Oct. 1, 1982, June 25, 1983 respectively. See also Compact of Free Association Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-239), Jan. 14, 1986; Agreement between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Marshall Islands for the Implementation of Section 177 of the Compact of Free Association, June 25, 1983 available online http://www.nuclearclaimstribunal. com/; http://www.nuclearclaimstribunal.com/claim.htm, Conditions covered include leukemia, tumors of the brain, various other cancers, growth retardation and severe mental retardation; http://www.nuclearclaimstribunal.com/piawards.htm, Out of the 1999 people awarded compensation, more than 1000 died before receiving the full compensation awarded; http://www.nuclearclaimstribunal.com/text.htm; Medalia, J., 'Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Updated 'Safeguards' and Net Assessments,' at 5, Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report for Congress (June 3, 2009); (2009) (hereinafter Inventory), , http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/book.htm, 'Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations & Regimes,' at 459, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies; Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (Partial Test Ban Treaty -PTBT) also called Limited Test Ban Treaty, Aug. 5, 1963, reprinted in 14 UST 1313, 480 UNTS 43. The treaty entered into force on October 10, 1963 (131 states have joined the treaty including Russia, the United States and the United Kingdom which were the initial signatories); Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Sept. 24, 1996, reprinted in 35 ILM 1439 (1996) (hereinafter CTBT). The treaty was concluded in 1996 by the Conference on Disarmament (CD). The CD was developed in 1978 as the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum by the UN General Assembly. The CD makes decisions by consensus and this makes it difficult to adopt new treaties. After the finalization of the CTBT in 1996, the CD has been deadlocked in all other negotiations it has undertaken. A renewed interest of the United States in the work of the CD may assist in reviving its agenda; http://pws.ctbto.org/, The CTBTO has at its disposal a network of 337 facilities that monitor the globe for nuclear explosions. For more details on the IMS; http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Treaties/tlatelolco.html, Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco), Feb. 14, 1967, reprinted in 634 UNTS 326. The treaty entered into force on April 25, 1969. The treaty is effective in all 33 states in the region. The treaty; http://disarmament.un.org/treatystatus.nsf; South Pacific Nuclear-Free-Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga), Aug. 6, 1985, reprinted in 24 ILM 1442 (1985). The treaty entered into force on December 11, 1986. State parties to the treaty include Australia, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa. Tonga has signed but has not ratified the treaty. The treaty is available online http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/inf331.shtml; In addition to nuclear detonations on their territory, the Pacific islands have been concerned about the dumping of radioactive wastes and have developed the South Pacific Forum to deal with the issue. See Elli Louka, International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order 151-2 (2006); France, the United Kingdom and the United States signed the protocol on March 25, 1996. France ratified the protocol on September 20, 1996 and; Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaty (Treaty of Bangkok), Dec. 15, 1995, reprinted in 35 ILM 635 (1996). The treaty entered into force on March 28, 1997. State parties to the treaty include Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The treaty is available online http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Treaties/index.html; U.N. Doc. G.A. Res. 1652 (XVI) (Nov. 24, 1961); (1996), http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Treaties//pelindaba.html, African Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaty (Pelindaba Treaty), Apr. 11, 1996, reprinted in 35 ILM 698 The treaty entered into force on July 15 2009. The treaty is available online; Organization of African Unity, Assembly of Heads of State and Government, 'Resolution on the Diego Garcia,' AHG/Res. 99 (XVII) (July 1-4, 1980); (2009), http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/pdfs/aptcanwz.pdf, Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone (CANWFZ) Treaty, Sept. 8, 2006. The treaty entered into force on March 21, (hereinafter CANWFZ); http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/shared/canwfz/almatdec.htm, States in the region adopted the Almaty Declaration that endorsed the creation of the CANWFZ consisting of the states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. See 'Almaty Declaration adopted by the leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan,' Feb. 28, 1997. The declaration is available online; Art. 4 of the treaty provides that: 'In case an act of aggression is directed against any of the States Parties, all other States Parties shall provide it necessary assistance, including military assistance, and shall also support it by all means available in exercise of the right of collective defense under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations.' See Treaty on Collective Security (Tashkent Treaty), May 15, 1992. Military assistance may mean assistance with nuclear weapons; Potter, W.C., Kassenova, T., Loukianova, A., (2008) 'Central Asia Becomes a Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone,', , http://cns.miis.edu/stories/081201_canwfz.htm, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Dec. 11, available online James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)/Monterey Institute of International Studies; Parrish, S., Potter, W., (2006) available online James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)/Monterey Institute of International Studies, , http://cns.miis.edu/stories/060905.htm, 'Central Asian States Establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Despite US Opposition,' Sept. 8; Chapter 7 section 3 on physical protection of nuclear materials; The Antarctic Treaty, Dec. 1, 1959. The treaty entered into force on June 23, 1961; Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof (Seabed Treaty), Feb. 11, 1971, reprinted in 23 UST 701, 955 UNTS 115, 10 ILM 146 (1971). The treaty entered into force on May 18, 1972. The treaty is available online http://www.un-documents.net/seabed.htm; Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, Jan. 27, 1967, reprinted in 18 UST 2410, 610 UNTS 205. The treaty entered into force on October 10, 1967. The treaty is available online United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outer spt.html; Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (Moon Agreement), Dec. 18, 1979, reprinted in 1363 UNTS 3. The agreement entered into force on July 11, 1984. The agreement is available online http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/moon.html. The agreement has not been ratified by the top space-faring nations; Preamble, UN Charter; Nanda, V.P., 'Self-Determination under International Law: Validity of Claims to Secede,' (1981) Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 13, p. 257; Moltchanova, A., (2009) National Self-Determination and Justice in Multinational States; Art. 1(1), UN Charter; Thomas M. Franck, Recourse to Force: State Action against Threats and Armed Attacks 14-19 (2002) (discussing the shifting balance between peace and justice with regard to the law pertaining to the use of force); Art. 1(1), UN Charter; Chapter VI of UN Charter; Chapter VII of UN Charter is entitled 'Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Aggression.' See id; Art. 39 (emphasis added), UN Charter; Racism, colonialism, excessive violations of human rights, the overthrow of democratically elected governments and the harboring of terrorists have been regarded as threats to the peace. Examples include the racist regime of South Africa in 1977, the Somali civil war, the destruction of the New York World Trade Center that gave the impetus for the adoption of Security Council resolutions against terrorism; Art. 51, UN Charter; Art. 51, UN Charter; Jennings, R.Y., 'The Caroline and McLeod Cases,' (1938) American Journal of International Law, 32, p. 82. , 89; According to the United States Department of Defense (DOD) Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, a preemptive attack is 'An attack initiated on the basis of incontrovertible evidence that an enemy attack is imminent.' A preventive war is 'A war initiated in the belief that military Conflict, while not imminent, is inevitable, and that to delay would involve greater risk.' United States Department of Defense (DOD), Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms: Joint Publication 1-02 (Apr. 12, 2001, as amended through Aug. 26, 2008). Consequently, both the notions of preemption and prevention are based on a threat that has not yet become an act of aggression. For attempts to distinguish among the terms preemption, prevention and anticipatory self-defense, see Chapter 11 section 2. In 2002, the United States administration placed preemption at the forefront of the United States policy, see 'The National Security Strategy of the United States of America,' at 15 (Sept. 2002). This generated a number of articles on whether preemption is a good strategy for conducting foreign policy, see, e.g., John R. Bolton, 'Preemption as an Element of President Bush's Larger National Security Strategy,' 29 Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 13 (2005); Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky, 'Nuclear Insecurity: Correcting Washington's Dangerous Posture,' 86 Foreign Affairs 109 (2007); John Deutch, 'A Nuclear Posture for Today,' 84 Foreign Affairs 49 (2005); John Norton Moore, 'The Bush Administration Preemption Doctrine and the Future of World Order,' 98 American Society of International Law Proceedings 325 (2004); Robert S. Litwak, 'The New Calculus of Pre-emption,' 44(2) Survival 53 (International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2002-03); David B. Rivkin, Jr. et al., 'Preemption and the Law in the Twenty-First Century,' 5 Chicago Journal of International Law; (2004-5). More detailed analysis has demonstrated that preemption is not a novel feature of the United States policy and that it has been an ingredient of other countries' policies, see Michael Reisman and Andrea Armstrong, 'The Past and Future of the Claim of Preemptive Self-Defense,' 100 American Journal of International Law (2006); Gray, C., (2004) International Law and the Use of Force, p. 130; On the decisions of the ICJ, see Chapter 9; Because the attack was executed in a covert fashion but subsequently the United States revealed the attack, it could be said that the attack straddles the divide between covert action and open operations; Threat is defined as something concrete: (1) a statement or intention to punish or hurt or (2) a sign or warning of coming trouble or danger, for example the threat to the country's economy of inflation. See A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English (1974); Lobel, J., 'Preventive War and the Lessons of History (2006) University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 68, p. 307; Reiter, D., http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub651.pdf, 'Preventive War and its Alternatives: The Lessons of History,' Apr. 2006 available online; (2009) Economist, , Al Qaeda in Somalia: The Long Arm of America,'; 'Mysterious Air Raid on Sudan: A Battle between Two Long Arms,' Economist, p. 34. , Apr. 4, at 2009; Cowell, A., 'Radiation Poisoning Killed Ex-Russian Spy,' New York Times, , http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/24/world/europe/25spycnd.html, Nov. 24, 2006; 'Italy and the CIA: Conviction Time,' (2009) Economist, p. 51. , Nov. 7; Nagaraja, S., Anderson, R., 'The Snooping Dragon: Social-Malware Surveillance of the Tibetan Movement,' at 11 (Technical Report, Number 746, University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, Mar. 2009); A motorcycle was blown up by remote control in Tehran, Iran in January 2010 killing Masoud Alimohammadi, a professor of physics. Iran blamed 'the triangle of wickedness'-Israel, America and their 'hired agents' -for the assassination. 'A few days after the professor's death, Al-Ahram, an Egyptian newspaper that tends to echo the government, ran a glowing front-page story calling Meir Dagan, head of Mossad, Israel's spy service, the "Superman of the Jewish state". But for him, it said, "Iran's nuclear programme would long ago have been completed."' See 'Covert Action Against Iran: Who Killed the Professor?' Economist, Feb.13, 2010, at 50; Keegan, J., (1994) A History of Warfare, p. 337; Chapter 11 section 3 on the role of covert operations in preemption; According to certain accounts, failed states, like Somalia, are the best places to combat terrorists because, given the absence of local sovereignty and lack of media attention, virtually unrestricted Western counterterrorism efforts can take place. See Paul Salopek, 'U.S. Appears to be Losing its Secret War in Somalia,' Seattle Times, Nov. 29, 2008; Pria M. Louka, 'The Baby of Sparta' (2007, manuscript on file with the author); Through the application of humanitarian law, see Chapter 9 section 2; (2008) See also UN peacekeeping, , http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping, United Nations, '2008 UN Peace Operations Year in Review'; Louka, E., (2006) International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order, p. 68; Sen, A., (2009) The Idea of Justice, 21, p. 25; http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/due+process; 'All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.' See Art. 7, Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Art. 3(14), Constitution of Iran: 'the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has the duty of directing all its resources to the following goals. .. securing the multifarious rights of all citizens, both women and men, and providing legal protection for all, as well as the equality of all before the law.'; These are the people who usually hire legal expertise. Getting the right legal expertise can be quite expensive. Developing countries, for instance, do not have the legal and other expertise required to participate effectively in international courts. See, e.g., Christina L. Davis and Sarah Blodgett Bermeo, 'Who Files? Developing Country Participation in GATT/WTO Adjudication,' 71 Journal of Politics 1033 (2009); Art. 2(1), UN Charter ('The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members'); Kelsen, H., (1944) Peace Through Law, pp. 35-36; Failed states are categorized based on a number of demographic, economic and political indicators including massive movement of refugees or internally displaced persons, sharp and severe economic decline, the criminalization of the state and the demise of the rule of law. Top failed states for 2009 were Somalia, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Guinea and Pakistan. The Fund for Peace, an NGO, has developed an index for categorizing failed countries available online http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php; Art. 2(1), UN Charter; 'Uniting for Peace' resolution adopted by the General Assembly, U.N. Doc. G.A. Res. 377(V), GAOR, 5th Session, 302 Plenary Meeting, Nov. 3, 1950. See also Certain Expenses Case (Advisory Opinion), July 20, 1962 (1962) ICJ Reports 151; (2006) International Organizations as Law-makers, , For the important role that international organizations play in world Affairs, see José E. Alvarez; There have been proposals, for instance, to update the permanent membership of the Security Council by including countries such as India, Brazil, Germany and Japan -but not much has materialized in this direction; Pogge, T., 'World Poverty and Human Rights,' (2005) Ethics and International Affairs, 19, p. 1; Art. 34, UN Charter ('The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security [emphasis added]'); The notion of macro-prudential regulation has been used in finance. To simplify, a macro-prudential policy focuses on the financial system as a whole and has as a goal to limit system-wide distress in order to avoid costs associated with financial instability. See E. Philip Davis and Dilruba Karim, 'Macroprudential Regulation: The Missing Policy Pillar,' 211 National Institute Economic Review 67 (2010); In addition to the five permanent members of the Security Council that have veto power (United States, Russia, China, France and the United Kingdom), the General Assembly elects ten other states as non-permanent members taking into account, inter alia, equitable geographical distribution. See Art. 23, UN Charter; Nagel, T., 'The Problem of Global Justice,' (2005) Philosophy and Public Affairs, 33 (2), p. 113. , at 131; 'Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order,' U.N. Doc. G.A. A/RES/S-6/3201 (May 1, 1974). See also The New International Economic Order: The North-South Debate (Jagdish Bhagwati, ed., 1977); Louka, E., (2006) International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order, p. 70; Redrado, M., 'A Latin American View of the IMF Governance,' Reforming the IMF for the 21st Century, p. 271. , (Edwin M. Truman, ed., 2006); infra note 121; Cohen, S., (1983) The Truth about the Neutron Bomb: The Inventor of the Bomb Speaks Out, pp. 103-114; Sen, A., (2009) The Idea of Justice, p. 209; Waltz, K., 'The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May be Better,' Adelphi Papers Number, p. 171. , (International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981); Kahn, H., On Thermonuclear War, p. 155. , (2007, originally published in 1960); Thomas Schelling has elaborated on the difficulties of diplomacy based on a 'threat that leaves something to chance.' See Thomas C. Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict 187 (1981, originally published in 1960); also Chapter 2 section 3; Arts II and III, NPT, Chapter IV(1), nn. 3-4. See also Joseph F. Pilat, Virtual Nuclear Weapons 3-4 (United States Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1997) available online http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/la-ur-97-2380. pdf; Donald R. Olandera, 'The Theory of Uranium Enrichment by the Gas Centrifuge,' 8(1) Progress in Nuclear Energy 1 (1981); V.V. Shatalov et al., 'Improvement of the Technology of Radiometric Enrichment of Uranium Ores,' 90(3) Atomic Energy 184 (2001); The IAEA has requested of states to provide it with a declaration of their plans for the further development of the national fuel cycle and the R&D that will support such development. This is expected to assist the agency in its longterm planning and 'will augur well for increased transparency and assurance.' See GOV/2554/Att.2/Rev.2 (Apr. 1, 1992). See also Report by the Director General to the General Conference, 'Strengthening the Effectiveness and Improving the Efficiency of the Safeguards System,' IAEA Doc. GC(39)/7 (Aug. 22, 1995); Under additional protocols, states that conduct nuclear fuel cycle-related R&D activities have to provide a general description and the location of those activities, even if such activities are not funded, authorized/controlled by, or carried out on behalf of the state. Examples include research on the enrichment of uranium or reprocessing of spent fuel. See Art. 2(a)(i) and Art. 2(a) (x), Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards, IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/540 (Corrected) (May 15, 1997); 'Reassertion of the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons and practical measures toward achieving that goal would be, and would be perceived as, a bold initiative consistent with America's moral heritage. The effort could have a profoundly positive impact on the security of future generations. Without the bold vision, the actions will not be perceived as fair or urgent. Without the actions, the vision will not be perceived as realistic or possible.' George P. Shultz, William J. Perry, Henry A. Kissinger and Sam Nunn, 'World Free of Nuclear Weapons,' Wall Street Journal, Jan. 4, 2007, at A15; '[A]s the only nuclear power to have used a nuclear weapon, the United States has a moral responsibility to act. We cannot succeed in this endeavor alone, but we can lead it, we can start it. So today, I state clearly and with conviction America's commitment to seek the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons. (Applause.) I'm not naive. This goal will not be reached quickly -perhaps not in my lifetime.' Remarks by the United States President Barack Obama at Hradcany Square, Prague, Czech Republic, White House Press Release, Apr. 5, 2009 available online http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-O bama-In-Prague-As-Delivered/; 'Apart from the terrorist threat, unless urgent new actions are taken, the US soon will be compelled to enter a new nuclear era that will be more precarious, psychologically disorienting, and economically even more costly than was Cold War deterrence. It is far from certain that we can successfully replicate the old Soviet-American "mutually assured destruction" with an increasing number of potential nuclear enemies world-wide without dramatically increasing the risk that nuclear weapons will be used. New nuclear states do not have the benefit of years of step-by-step safeguards put in effect during the Cold War to prevent nuclear accidents, misjudgments or unauthorized launches [emphasis added].'; De Villiers, J.W., 'Why South Africa Gave Up the Bomb,' (1993) Foreign Affairs, 72, p. 98; Potter, W.C., 'The Politics of Nuclear Renunciation: The Cases of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine,' Henry L. Stimson Center, Occasional Paper No. 22 (Apr. 1995); Ukraine has plans to become an equity partner in the International Uranium Enrichment Centre (IUEC) in 2010. The IUEC is currently a joint endeavor of Russia and Kazakhstan. See 'Ukraine Set to Take Stake in IUEC,' World Nuclear News, Dec. 14, 2009 available online http://www.world-nuclearnews. org/ENF-Ukraine_set_to_take_stake_in_IUEC-1412095.html; Matthew Bunn, 'Securing the Bomb 2008,' at 51 (Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, commissioned by the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Nov. 2008); Report by the Director General, 'Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Republic of Korea,' para. 2, IAEA Doc. GOV/2004/84 (Nov. 11, 2004); http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2004/south_korea.htm, 'IAEA Board Concludes Consideration of Safeguards in South Korea,' IAEA Press Release, Nov. 26, 2004; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf81.html, Today 20 reactors provide almost 40 percent of South Korea's electricity. South Korea views nuclear power as important for energy security and plans to increase its nuclear capacity by 56 percent by 2020. South Korea is a big player in the nuclear market. It is to export to the United Arab Emirates that country's first nuclear reactors. See World Nuclear Association; Arts VI, XV, XVI, XVII, Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on Collaboration in the Development and Exploitation of the Gas Centrifuge Process for Producing Enriched Uranium (Treaty of Almelo), Mar. 4, 1970. See also Chapter 7 section 4; The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) in Russia and a similar center in Ukraine -the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) -were established at the beginning of the 1990s. These centers provide funding support to scientists and engineers from the defense sector of the former Soviet Union to engage in a wide range of civilian science and technology projects; Wittner, L.S., 'The Forgotten Years of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement (2003) Journal of the Peace Research (Special Issue on Peace History), 40 (4), p. 435. , at 436; 'A False Nuclear Start: Forty-one Senators vs. Biden on warhead modernization,' Wall Street Journal, Jan. 5, 2010. The United States National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 was signed into law by US President Obama on October 28, 2009. Based on section 1251 of the Act: (1) REPORT REQUIRED -Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act or at the time a follow-on treaty to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START Treaty) is submitted by the President to the Senate for its advice and consent, whichever is later, the President shall submit to the congressional defense committees, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on the plan to -(A) enhance the safety, security, and reliability of the nuclear weapons stockpile of the United States; (B) modernize the nuclear weapons complex; and (C) maintain the delivery platforms for nuclear weapons. (2) ELEMENTS -The report required under paragraph (1) shall include the following: (A) A description of the plan to enhance the safety, security, and reliability of the nuclear weapons stockpile of the United States. (B) A description of the plan to modernize the nuclear weapons complex, including improving the safety of facilities, modernizing the infrastructure, and maintaining the key capabilities and competencies of the nuclear weapons workforce, including designers and technicians. (C) A description of the plan to maintain delivery platforms for nuclear weapons. (D) An estimate of budget requirements, including the costs associated with the plans outlined under subparagraphs (A) through (C), over a 10-year period; Consider Hiroshima and Nagasaki; For example, the anti-satellite tests of US and China, see Chapter 1 section 5; For the missile defense posture of the United States, see Chapter 2 section 2; Statement of Lawrence Summers, US President Obama's chief economic advisor quoted in 'A Wary Respect: A Special Report on China and America,' Economist, Oct. 24, 2009, at 4; Bush, R.C., O'Hanlon, M.E., (2007) A War Like No Other: The Truth about China's Challenge to America; Orwell, G., (1984), (2003, originally published in 1949); This is so even if a post-nuclear-war environment could be considered tolerable and our society's resilience could accommodate the burdens caused by 'increased sickness, malformations and deaths.'; Brian D. Finlay, 'Russian Roulette: Canada's Role in the Race to Secure Loose Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons,' 61 International Journal 411, at 420-25 (2006). See also United States General Accounting Office (GAO), 'Combating Nuclear Smuggling: Challenges Facing the US Efforts to Deploy Radiation Equipment in other Countries and in the United States' (2006); The United States Defense Department mistakenly shipped secret nuclear missile fuses to Taiwan in 2006 and did not learn that the items were missing until March 2008, creating concerns about the security of the United States' nuclear arsenal. See Josh White, 'Nuclear Parts Sent to Taiwan in Error: US Just Learned of 2006 Mix-Up,' Washington Post, Mar. 26, 2008. Also in August 2007, a B-52 bomber flew from North Dakota to Louisiana with the crew unaware that six nuclear-tipped missiles were on board. See 'Air Force Officials Ousted over Nuclear GAffes,' CNN News, June 6, 2008. See also Thom Shanker, 'Gates Fires; Top Air Force Officials over Nuclear Mistakes: Investigation Found Systemic Problems (2008) New York Times, , June 6; http://www-ns.iaea.org/security/itdb.htm; 'The Nuclear Black Market: Still in Business,' Economist, May 5, 2007, at 74. See also Moisés Naím, Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy 220 (2005); Hasan, S.S., 'Will Pakistan's Nuclear Pioneer be Rehabilitated?,' BBC News (2008), June 2; On May 28, 2008 Pakistan hailed the anniversary of its nuclear testing. According to a statement issued by the foreign ministry, May 28, 1998 was a historic day in Pakistan's quest for security. See 'Pakistan Hails "Historic" Nuclear Tests 10 Years On,' Agence France Presse, May 28, 2008; Haefliger, H., 'Swiss Destroy Evidence in Nuclear Smuggling Case,' Associated Press (2008) May 23; 'Government Confirms Nuclear Papers Destroyed,' Swissinfo.ch, May 23, 2008; Ian Traynor, 'Nuclear Bomb Blueprints for Sale on the World Market, Experts Fear,' Guardian, May 31, 2008; Ian Anthony et al., 'Reforming Nuclear Export Controls: The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group,' SIPRI Research Report No. 22, at 106 (2007); Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins, The Nuclear Jihadist: The True Story of the Man Who Sold the World's Most Dangerous Secrets. .. And How We Could Have Stopped Him 41 (2007); S.C. Res. 1540, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1540 (Apr. 28, 2004). Its mandate was extended by S.C. Res. 1673, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1673 (Apr. 27, 2006) and by S.C. Res. 1810, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1810 (Apr. 25, 2008); 'Report of the Committee established pursuant to Security Council Resol ution 1540 (2004),' S/2008/403 (2008); S.C. Res. 1267, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1267 (Oct. 15, 1999). Resolution 1267 established the 1267 committee and imposed a limited air embargo and a funds and financial assets embargo on the Taliban. It was further amended by S/RES/1333 (Dec. 19, 2000) that imposed an air and arms embargo, travel sanctions and froze the funds of Usama Bin Laden and associates. Resolution S/RES/1363 (July 30, 2001) established a mechanism to monitor the implementation of measures imposed by Resolutions 1267 and 1333. Further amendments were adopted in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2006; Resolution 1373 was adopted to suppress the financing of terrorist acts. It also established a committee to oversee its implementation. See S.C. Res. 1373, U.N. Doc. S/RES/1373 (Sept. 28, 2001); Arts 25 and 103, UN Charter. See also Arts 24(1), 39, 2(7), UN Charter. For a discussion on the obligatory character of the UN Security Council resolutions, see Chapter 4 section 4 and Chapter 5 section 6; Resolution 1540 was adopted by consensus after an extensive consultation process during which the views of states that are non-permanent members of the Security Council were heard. As a result of the consultations, the text of the resolution was revised. It has been argued that when the Council is legislating for the international community, resolutions should be adopted after consultations with non-members of the Council. See Stefan Talmon, 'The Security Council as World Legislature,' 99 American Journal of International Law 175, at 188 (2005). For the argument that a consultation procedure will add legitimacy to the Security Council, see Ian Johnstone, 'Legislation and Adjudication in the UN Security Council: Bringing down the Deliberative Deficit,' 102 American Journal of International Law 275 (2008); For the discussion, see José, E., Alvarez (2006) International Organizations as Law-makers, 199-217, pp. 422-423; Joined Cases Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat, International Foundation v. Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities, C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, European Court of Justice, Sept. 3, 2008. The European Court of Justice annulled the European Council's regulation that was used to freeze Mr Kadi's and Al Barakaat's funds. The EC regulation was issued to implement Resolution 1267 of the UN Security Council. The Court ruled that it had jurisdiction to annul regulations of the EC, even regulations issued to implement Security Council resolutions, when such regulations infringe on fundamental human rights under Community law. The Court ruled that measures incompatible with the respect for human rights are not acceptable in the Community. For Resolution 1267; On legitimacy, see Mark, C., Suchman, 'Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches,' (1995) Academy of Management Review, 20, p. 571. , at 582; 'Opening Debate on Draft Convention for Suppression of Nuclear Terrorism, Sixth Committee Hears Calls For Definition of "Terrorism,"' General Assembly Press Release, GA/L/3093, Nov., 11, 1998; International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, Apr. 13, 2005, reprinted in 44 ILM 815 (2005). The convention entered into force on July 7, 2007. The convention is available online http://untreaty. un.org/cod/avl/ha/icsant/icsant.html; ' IAEA Press Release, May 27 2004, , http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2004/GTRI_Initiative.html, 'IAEA Welcomes US New Global Threat Reduction Initiative; Russia has a program called the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return; (RRRFR) Program. Under this program, Russia has accepted HEU from the following countries: Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Libya, the Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Poland, Germany, Vietnam, Latvia, Hungary and Kazakhstan. By the beginning of 2010 a total of 856.2 kilograms had been received. See 'Past and Current Efforts to Reduce Civilian HEU Use,' NTI, Apr. 2010, NTI available online http://www.nti.org/db/heu/pastpresent.html; The United States takes back the HEU it has supplied for reactors in other countries through the US Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (FRR SNF) Acceptance Program. See Charles E. Messick et al., 'The United States Foreign Research Reactor and Spent Fuel Acceptance Program: Progress and Midpoint,' 2003 International Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors, Chicago, Illinois (Oct. 5-10, 2003) available online http://www. rertr.anl.gov/RERTR25/PDF/Thrower.pdf; Since 1978, the United States has had in place the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program. Between 1978 and 2007, 56 research reactors were converted to LEU in the United States and other countries. See International Panel on Fissile Materials, 'Global Fissile Material Report 2008: Scope and Verification of a Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty,' at 14 (2008); http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/69016.htm, US Department of State Archive available online; http://www.state.gov/t/isn/rls/fs/125325.htm, Joint Co-Chair Statement at 2009 Plenary Meeting available online; http://www.state.gov/t/isn/rls/other/126995.htm, Statement of Principles available online; http://www.state.gov/t/isn/rls/other/128362.htm, Terms of Reference for Implementation and Assessment available online; For a vivid analysis of the development and evolution of the PSI, see Christer Ahlström, 'The Proliferation Security Initiative: International Law Aspects of the Statement of Interdiction Principles,' (2005) SIPRI Yearbook 2005 Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, p. 741; http://www.state.gov/t/isn/c10390.htm, United States Department of State, Proliferation Security Initiative; (2003), http://www.state.gov/t/isn/c10390.htm, Interdiction Principles for the Proliferation Security Initiative, Sept. 4; According to Article 23 of the UN Law of the Sea Convention: 'Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, carry documents and observe special precautionary measures established for such ships by international agreements.' See United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Dec. 10, 1982, reprinted in 21 ILM 1261 (1982). In other words, while such ships must observe special precautionary measures their right to innocent passage should not be denied; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Liberia concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Feb. 11, 2004; Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and the Government of the United States of America concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Aug. 11, 2008; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Aug. 13, 2004; Amendment to the Supplementary Arrangement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Panama to the Arrangement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Panama for Support and Assistance from the United States Coast Guard for the National Maritime Service of the Ministry of Government and Justice, May 12, 2004; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Malta concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Mar. 15, 2007; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Belize concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Aug. 4, 2005; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, July 25, 2005; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Croatia concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials, June 1, 2005; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Mongolia concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Oct. 23, 2007; http://www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/worldtrade/top-20-largest-shipping- flags.php/, Based on the top 20 largest shipping flags as of July 2009, International Chamber of Shipping available online; http://www.nti.org/f_wmd411/f1b4_6.html, Proliferation Security Initiative, NTI, Mar. 2010 available online; Lipson, M., 'Transgovernmental Networks and Nonproliferation,' (2005) International Journal, p. 179. , at 197-8 For a comprehensive analysis of maritime security non-proliferation regimes.-06; Allen, G.H., 'A Primer on the Nonproliferation Regime for Maritime Security Operation Forces,' 54 (2007) Naval Law Review, p. 51; The Group of 8 (G-8) consists of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Russia; Bunn, M., http://www.nti.org/e_research/Securing_the_bomb08.pdf, Securing the Bomb 2008,' at 59 (Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Commissioned by the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Nov. 2008); For more information on the initiative, see http://www.nsoi-state.net/. The United States has further developed the Nuclear Trafficking Response Group (NTRG) that is to cooperate with other governments and coordinate response to international incidents of nuclear smuggling. The NTRG operates 24 hours per day 365 days per year. See A. Semmel, 'US Initiatives to Combat Nuclear Smuggling,' in 'Illicit Nuclear Trafficking: Collective Experience and the Way Forward' 135, at 141, Proceedings of International Conference held in Edinburgh, Nov. 19-22, 2007 (IAEA, 2008); The Nuclear Smuggling International Technical Working Group (ITWG) is an informal association of nuclear forensic practitioners working with professionals in law enforcement and nuclear regulation to find techniques to detect the illegal trafficking of nuclear materials. Between 1996 and 2006, 30 nations and organizations have participated in the meetings of the group. See D.K. Smith et al., Recent Activities of the Nuclear Smuggling International Technical Working Group to Thwart Illicit Trafficking (United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007); Protection, Control, and Accounting of Nuclear Materials: International Challenges and National Programs, , at 27 (Christopher Eldridge, ed., 2006) (hereinafter MPC&A); For physical protection measures of nuclear materials, see Chapter 7 section 3; For the SSACs of states, see Chapter 4 section 2; The US Office of Nuclear Warhead Protection (ONWP) has as a goal to improve security in 73 Russian Ministry of Defense (MOD) nuclear warhead sites, including 39 Russian Navy sites, 25 Strategic Rocket Forces sites, and 9 sites in the organization responsible for nuclear munitions. See NNSA, Office of Nuclear Warhead Protection available online http://nnsa.energy.gov/nuclear_nonprolif eration/1838.htm; http://nnsa.energy.gov/nuclear_nonproliferation/1839.htm, The US Office of Weapons Material Protection (OWMP) enhances the security of Russia's nuclear material at 37 sites, including 11 Russian Navy fuel storage sites, 7 Rosatom weapons sites and 19 Rosatom civilian sites. See NNSA, Office of Weapons Material Protection available online; http://nnsa.energy.gov/nuclear_nonproliferation/1837.htm, NNSA, Material Protection, Control and Accounting Program available online; Louka, E., (2006) International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order, pp. 63-65; In the United States the budget dedicated to combating nuclear terrorism is less than one-quarter of one percent of the defense budget. For the 2009 fiscal year this translated to a request for $1.083 billion for programs that help improve controls over nuclear materials, weapons, and expertise; On reprocessing and MOX facilities, see Chapter 3; Fischer, D., (1997) History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years, pp. 20-21; http://www.iaea.org/About/index.html, IAEA Homepage; Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Sept. 26, 1986, reprinted in 25 ILM 1370 (1986); Convention on Assistance in the Case of Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Sept. 26, 1996, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/336 (Nov. 18, 1986), 25 ILM 1377 (1986). The convention entered into force on February 26, 1987. See also 'Severe Accident Management Programmes for Nuclear Power Plants, Safety Guide' (IAEA Safety Standards Series, No. NS-G-2.15, 2009); Convention on Nuclear Safety, June 6, 1994, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/449 (July 5, 1994), 1963 UNTS 293, 33 ILM 1514 (1994); 'Classification of Radioactive Waste' (IAEA Safety Standards Series, No. GSG-1, 2009); 'The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management' (IAEA Safety Series No. 111-F, 1995); infra notes 83-5; (1956) (hereinafter Statute). The statute entered into force on July 29, 1957. The statute is available online, , http://www.iaea.org/About/statute_text.html, Art. III(A), Statute of the IAEA, Oct. 23; In 2009, the 13 designated members to the board were Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States; These 13 countries that are designated by the board include all the states that in 1956 were assured a semi-permanent status on the board because of their expertise in nuclear power.The outgoing board designates the ten members which are the most advanced in atomic energy technology. The remaining three most advanced members come from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten: North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East and South Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific, and the Far East; members including five representatives of the area of Latin America, four representatives of the area of Western Europe, three representatives of the area of Eastern Europe, four representatives of the area of Africa, two representatives of the area of the Middle East and South Asia, one representative of the area of South East Asia and the Pacific, and one representative of the area of the Far East; (b) one member from among the members in the following areas: Middle East and South Asia, South East Asia and the Pacific, Far East; (c) one member from among the members in the following areas: Africa, Middle East and South Asia, South East Asia and the Pacific. In 2009 the elected members to the board were: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Burkina Faso, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana, Iraq, Ireland, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and Uruguay; Convention on Nuclear Safety, June 17, 1994, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/449 (July 5, 1994), 1963 UNTS 293, 33 ILM 1514 (1994). It entered into force on October 24, 1996; Nuclear installation under the convention means any land-based civil nuclear power plant including storage, handling and treatment facilities for radioactive materials located on the same site and directly related to the operation of a nuclear power plant. A nuclear power plant ceases to be a nuclear installation when all nuclear fuel elements have been removed permanently from the reactor core and have been stored safely in accordance with approved procedures, and a decommissioning program has been agreed to by the regulatory body. See Art; http://www.wano.org.uk/WANO_Documents/What_is_Wano.asp, Homepage of WANO; http://www.wano.org.uk/WANO_Programmes/Peer_Review_Programme.asp; IAEA, 'Nuclear Safety Review for the Year 2008,' at 12, IAEA Doc. GC(53)/INF/2 (July 2009); the Multinational Design Evaluation Programme (MDEP) available online http://www.nea.fr/mdep/welcome.html. The MDEP is a multinational initiative. The goal of the initiative is to create innovative approaches that will be useful to national regulatory authorities when they are reviewing new reactor power plant designs; IAEA 'Safety Standards for Protecting People and the Environment, Fundamental Safety Principles,' at 13 (Safety Fundamentals, No. SF-1, 2006). The standards establish that: the primary responsibility for safety rests with the person or organization who is responsible for activities or facilities that give rise to radiation risks; an independent regulatory body must be established (independent from a licensing body) that would regulate radiation risks; protection must be optimized to provide the highest level of safety that can reasonably be achieved; and all practical efforts must be undertaken to prevent and mitigate nuclear or radiation accidents; Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, Mar. 3, 1980, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/274/Rev.1 (May 1980) (hereinafter Initial CPPNM) available online http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/inf274r1.shtm l. The convention entered into force on February 8, 1987; According to annex I, measures during storage incidental to international transport include: '(a) For Category III materials, storage within an area to which access is controlled; (b) For Category II materials, storage within an area under constant surveillance by guards or electronic devices, surrounded by a physical barrier with a limited number of points of entry under appropriate control or any area with an equivalent level of physical protection; (c) For Category I material, storage within a protected area as defined for Category II above, to which, in addition, access is restricted to persons whose trustworthiness has been determined, and which is under surveillance by guards who are in close communication with appropriate response forces. Specific measures taken in this context should have as their object the detection and prevention of any assault, unauthorized access or unauthorized removal of material.'; Report by the Director General, 'Nuclear Security -Measures to Protect Against Nuclear Terrorism, Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material,' IAEA Doc. GOV/INF/2005/10-GC(49)/INF/6 (Sept. 6, 2005); Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities, July 8, 2005 reprinted in IAEA Doc. GOV/INF/2005/10-GC(49)/INF/6 (Sept. 6, 2005) (hereinafter Amended CPPNM) available online http://www.iaea. org/About/Policy/GC/GC49/Documents/gc49inf-6.pdf; The Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/225/Rev.4, 1999 (Corrected) (hereinafter IAEA Physical Protection); Matthew Bunn, 'Securing the Bomb 2008,' at 151, Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School (Commissioned by the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Nov. 2008) available online http://www.nti.org/e_research/Securing_the_bomb08.pdf; The International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships was adopted by a resolution of the Maritime Safety Committee, IMO Doc. MSC.88(71) (May 27, 1999) (hereinafter INF Code); International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Nov. 1, 1974, reprinted in 1184 UNTS 278, 14 ILM 959 (1975). The convention entered into force on May 25, 1980. Chapter VII of the convention addresses the transfer of dangerous goods to which irradiated fuel and radioactive wastes are now added. The INF Code was adopted by amending Chapter VII of the SOLAS convention; Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Sept. 26, 1986, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/335 (Nov. 18, 1986), 1439 UNTS 275, 25 ILM 1370 (1986); The international regime for the liability of nuclear operators is a rather complex regime including a number of conventions that supplement each other and are parallel to each other -establishing more or less similar norms. For a summary of the liability regime, see Elli Louka, International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order 462-6 (2006). The liability regime consists of the following treaties: Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, July 29, 1960, reprinted in 1041 UNTS 358. The convention was further amended in 1964, 1982 and 2004. See 2004 Protocol to Amend Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 29th July 1960, as amended by the Additional Protocol of 28th January 1964 and by the Protocol of 16th November 1982, Feb. 12, 2004. The Paris Convention was adopted under the auspices of the OECD. Brussels Convention Supplementary to the 1960 Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Paris Convention), Jan. 31, 1963, reprinted in 956 UNTS 264. The Brussels Convention was amended in 1964, 1982 and 2004. See 2004 Protocol to Amend the Convention of 31 January 1963 Supplementary to the Paris Convention of 29 July 1960 on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy as amended by the Additional Protocol of 28 January 1964 and by the Protocol of 16 November 1982, Feb. 12, 2004. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, May 21, 1963, reprinted in 1063 UNTS 265. The convention was amended in 1997. See Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Sept. 12, 1997, reprinted in 36 ILM 1454 (1997). The Vienna Convention was adopted under the auspices of the IAEA. See also Joint Protocol relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention, Sept. 21, 1988, reprinted in 42 Nuclear Law 56 (NEA, 1988). Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC), Sept. 12, 1997, reprinted in 36 ILM 1473 (1997); Convention relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material, Dec. 17, 1971, reprinted in 974 UNTS 255, 11 ILM 277 (1972). The convention entered into force on July 15, 1975. See also Convention on the Liability of Operators of Nuclear Ships, May 25, 1962. The convention provides for strict and limited liability of operators of nuclear ships (Arts 2-3). No other person except for the operator can be held liable (Art. 2). Operators of warships can also be held liable; For different proposals on how to control the nuclear fuel cycle, see The Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, Weapons of Terror: Freeing the World of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Arms, at 73-6 (2006); 'Multilateral Approaches to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle': expert group report submitted to the director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Feb. 22, 2005, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/640 (Feb. 22, 2005); The locations of the Angarsk Electrolysis Chemical Complex (AECC) that will be placed under safeguards are still under negotiations with the IAEA. See United States National Academy of Sciences & Russian Academy of Sciences, Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges, at 26 (2009); Loukianova, A., 'The International Uranium Enrichment Center at Angarsk: A Step Towards Assured Fuel Supply?', , http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_93.html, NTI, Nov. 2008; http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-57/index.html, Homepage of Areva; Scheinman, L., 'Multinational Alternatives and Nuclear Non-Proliferation,' (1981) International Organization, 35 (1), p. 77. , at 83; United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 'Multilateralization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: The Need to Build Trust,' at 34 (2010); Oliver Meier, 'Iran and Foreign Enrichment:, A., Troubled Model,' (2006) Arms Control Today, 1. , Jan; Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on Collaboration in the Development and Exploitation of the Gas Centrifuge Process for Producing Enriched Uranium (Treaty of Almelo), Mar. 4, 1970; http://www.urenco.com/, A fourth enrichment plant in New Mexico, United States started operations in June 2010, see Homepage of Urenco; Japan could host such a center since Japan controls both the front-end and back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. See Chapter 3; Through the cooperation of Brazil and Argentina. Both the countries are interested in the potential. See Chapter 8 section 2; Jordan, which has recently discovered uranium deposits in its territory, may be interested in playing such a role. See Yossi Beilin, 'Let Jordan Enrich its Own Uranium,' New York Times, June 28, 2010, at A19; Klydon, a South African company, is developing the Aerodynamic Separation Process (ASP), an enrichment technology; see http://www.klydon. co.za/isotope_applications_uranium.html. The government of South Africa plans to investigate its own uranium enrichment capabilities and to seek to acquire established uranium enrichment technologies to ensure security of supply; see South Africa Department of Minerals and Energy, 'Nuclear Energy Policy and Strategy for the Republic of South Africa,' Draft for Public Comment (July 2007); 'Reinforcing the Global Nuclear Order for Peace and Prosperity: The Role of the IAEA to 2020 and Beyond,' at 7-8 (Report by an independent commission at the request of the Director General of the IAEA, May 2008) (hereinafter Global Nuclear Order); The development of an IAEA-led fuel reserve bank was proposed in 2006 by the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), an NGO, which provided a $50 million contribution. The offer was conditional on securing an additional $100 million in matching funds. Pledges to the bank have been made by Norway ($5 million), the United States ($50 million), the United Arab Emirates ($10 million), the European Union (25 million) and Kuwait ($10 million); 'Multinational Fuel Bank Proposal Reaches Key Milestone Kuwait Pledge of US $10 Million Secures International Funding for Next Steps,', , http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2009/fbankmilestone.html, Mar. 2009; For details of the program and an appraisal, see United States General Accounting Office (GAO), 'Global Nuclear Energy Partnership: DOE Should Reassess its Approach to Designing and Building Spent Nuclear Fuel Recycling Facilities,' Apr. 2008; (2008) Review of DOE's Nuclear Energy Research and Development Program, , United States National Research Council; http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NP-DoE_cancels_GNEP_EIS-2906095.html, 'Fatal Blow to GNEP?,' World Nuclear News, June 29, 2009; Chapter 10 section 7, on Trilateral Initiative; The United States supports 25 percent of the IAEA's regular budget through the US Department of State. For 2009, the United States contributed to the IAEA regular budget about $103 million out of a total budget of about $412 million. In the same year, the US; (2009), http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Reports/Anrep2009/table_a5.pdf, The number of facilities under safeguards or containing safeguarded material on Dec. 31, was 1125; Christopher Eldridge (Rapporteur), 'Protection, Control, and Accounting of Nuclear Materials: International Challenges and National Programs, Workshop Summary,' at 34 (United States National Research Council, 2005); The sanctions imposed by the IAEA in case a member state is in noncompliance are: (1) curtailment or suspension of assistance provided by the agency; The NPT undergoes an official review every five years. The 2005 seventh NPT review conference failed to reach a substantive agreement; 'The 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document,' NPT/CONF.2010/L.2, May 27, 2010 (hereinafter Final Document). It was important to adopt the final document by consensus to demonstrate that all states (NWS and NNWS) are onboard with non-proliferation; http://www.nam.gov.za/background/history.htm, The Non-Aligned Movement is a movement of 115 members representing the interests and priorities of developing countries; 'Statement of H.E. Ambassador Maged Abdelaziz, Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations on behalf of the NAM State Parties to the NPT before the 16th Plenary Meeting of the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,' May 28, 2010; A Middle East free of nuclear weapons is a goal that has been sought since 1995 when the NPT was extended indefinitely. See Resolution on the Middle East, NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I), Annex, May 12, 1995; For the negotiating history, see Elaine M. Grossman, 'Nuclear Nonproliferation Conference Might Collapse on Final Day,' Global Security Newswire, May 28, 2010; (2009), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-O bama-In-Prague-As-Delivered/, Remarks by President Barack Obama, Hradcany Square, Prague, Czech Republic,' The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, Apr. 5; Chapter 10 section 4 on the START Process; 'NAM Position as of 18 May 2010, 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,' at 2, NPT/CONF2010/MC.III/CRP.2, May 14, 2010; The 2010 NPT Review Conference correctly noted that bilateral and regional safeguards can play a key role in the promotion of transparency and mutual confidence between states and can provide assurance against nonproliferation. See 'Final Document,' at 4, 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, NPT/CONF.2010/L.2 (May 27, 2010); Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, Mar. 25, 1957, 298 UNTS 167 (hereinafter Euratom Treaty) available online http://eurlex. europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/12006A/12006A.htm. The treaty entered into force on January 1, 1958; Mervyn O'Driscoll, 'The European Parliament and the Euratom Treaty: Past, Present and Future, Working Paper,' at vii, Directorate General for Research, European Commission, Energy and Research Series (2002) (hereinafter Euratom Past and Present); Protocole signé le 17 Janvier 1957 entre les Ministres de la Défense Allemand et Français sur les Questions Militaires. See Georges-Henri Soutou, 'Les Accords de 1957 et 1958: Vers une Communauté Stratégique Nucléaire entre la France, L'Allemagne et l'Italie?,' in 31(1) Matériaux pour l'Histoire de Notre Temps (1993) available online http://www.persee.fr; Initially the Euratom Treaty was administered by the Euratom Commission, the Euratom Council and the Euratom Parliament. The founding treaties of three European communities merged eventually and the separate institutions of the Euratom ceased to exist. The European Community was founded by three treaties: the treaty that established in 1952 the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC); the treaty that established the European Economic Community (EEC); and the treaty that established the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC, which is called Euratom) in 1958. The ECSC expired in 2002 while the EEC and the Euratom have no expiration dates; Current Article 115. See Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Apr. 30, 2008, OJ C115, 9.5.2008; Agreement for Co-operation between the Government of the United States of America and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) concerning Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Nov. 8, 1958, reprinted in 338 UNTS 136. Under Article III(A) of the agreement the United States and Euratom agree to develop a joint program for the development of nuclear reactors. In order to achieve the goals of the program, the 'United States Commission will sell to the Community uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 for use in projects designated by the Parties pursuant to the joint program up to a net amount of thirty thousand (30 000) kilograms of contained U-235 in uranium.'; According to Art. XI: 'The Community guarantees that: 1. No material, including equipment and devices, transferred pursuant to this Agreement to the Community or to persons within the Community, will be used for atomic weapons, or for research on or development of atomic weapons, or for any other military purpose; 2. No such material will be transferred to unauthorized persons or beyond the control of the Community, except as the Government of the United States of America may agree to such transfer and then only if the transfer of the material is within the scope of an Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and another nation or group of nations; 3. No source or special nuclear material utilized in, recovered from, or produced as a result of the use of materials, equipment or devices transferred pursuant to this Agreement to the Community or to persons within the Community will be used for atomic weapons, or for research on or development of atomic weapons, or for any other military purpose.. .'; According to Art. XII(A): 'The Community undertakes the responsibility for establishing and implementing a safeguards and control system designed to give maximum assurance that any material, equipment or devices made available pursuant to this Agreement and any source or special nuclear material derived from the use of such material, equipment and devices, shall be utilized solely for peaceful purposes. In establishing and implementing its safeguards and control system, the Community is prepared to consult with and exchange experiences with the International Atomic Energy Agency with the objective of establishing a system reasonably compatible with that of the International Atomic Energy; O'Driscoll, M., 'What is Euratom and How Does it Work?,' in EURATOM Conference 'After 45 Years of Nuclear Promotion: Time for Change , 10. , at 21. (Sept. 12 2002); When the Commission finds that the situation on the market shows a clear surplus of supply over demand, it may call upon the ESA to apply the simplified procedure. Based on this simplified procedure, contracts shall be 'communicated to the Agency and deemed to be concluded by it if no objection is notified by the Agency to the parties concerned within eight days from the time of receipt of the contracts.' However, this simplified procedure does not apply to supply contracts relating to special fissile materials. See Art. 5, Rules of the Supply Agency of the European Atomic Energy Community determining the manner in which demand is to be balanced against the supply of ores, source materials and special fissile materials, OJ L 32/777, 11.5.1960; The rules of supply were amended in 1975 due to the oil crisis and the ESA assumed a more interventionist role. The supplier had to provide a lot of information to the ESA such as the number of tenders received from producers; the quantities offered by producers; the range of tendering prices; and the details of the supply contract (including the nature of the materials to be supplied and country of origin of the materials to be supplied). See Art. 5 bis, Rules of the Supply Agency of the European Atomic Energy Community determining the manner in which demand is to be balanced against the supply of ores, source materials and special fissile materials as amended by Regulation of the Supply Agency of the European Atomic Energy Community, OJ L 193/37, 25.7.1975; The European Court of Justice has interpreted Art. 75 of Euratom so that the terms 'processing,' 'conversion' and 'shaping' encompass the enrichment of uranium. See para. 46, Judgment of the Court of 12 September 2006, Joined Cases C-123/04 and C-124/04, Industrias Nucleares do Brasil SA, Siemens AG v. UBS AG (C-123/04), Texas Utilities Electric Corporation (C-124/04) (this was a decision in response to a reference for a preliminary ruling under Art. 150 Euratom submitted by Oberlandesgericht Oldenburg, Germany), reprinted in OJ C 281/1, 18.11.2006. However, while Art. 75 exempts certain enrichment contracts from the Community supply policy, it leaves intact the responsibility of states to notify the ESA about the contracts and the quantities of materials involved in such contracts; Judgment of the Court of 14 December 1971, Commission of the European Communities v. French Republic, Case 7-71, 1971 European Court Reports 1003 (hereinafter Commission v. France); Elli Louka, Conflicting Integration: The Environmental Law of the European Union 244 (2004); Ruling of the Court of 14 November 1978 pursuant to the third paragraph of Art. 103 of the EAEC Treaty. Draft Convention of the International Atomic Energy Agency on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, Facilities and Transports, Ruling 1/78, 1978 European Court Reports 2151; The issue was brought before the Court by Belgium based on Art. 103 of the Euratom Treaty. According to Art. 103, a state shall not conclude an international agreement until it makes sure that there is compatibility between the international agreement and Euratom; Judgment of the Court of 11 March 1997, Empresa Nacional de Urânio SA (ENU) v. Commission of the European Communities, Case C-357/95 P, 1997 European Court Reports I-1329. The Court concluded that the Community supply policy does not mean that the Community must guarantee preferential treatment to Community producers and that the ESA has broad discretion on these matters; also Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 15 September 1995, Empresa Nacional de Urânio SA (ENU) v. Commission of the European Communities, para. 72, Joined Cases T-458/93 and T-523/93, 1995 European Court Reports II-2459; Council Resolution of 16 September 1986 concerning new Community energy policy objectives for 1995 and convergence of the policies of the Member States, OJ 1986 C 241/1, 25. 9.1986; In the late 1990s, the Community was inundated with supplies of cheap uranium coming from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. The CIS includes the Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Tajikistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Georgia. The Court used the Council's policy on the diversification of energy supply in combination with the broad discretion granted to the ESA by Euratom to uphold the decisions of the ESA to put a cap on the imports of cheap uranium coming from the CIS states. See Judgment of the Court of 22 April 1999, Kernkraftwerke Lippe-Ems GmbH v. Commission of the European Communities, paras 95, 97, Case C-161/97 P, 1999 European Court Reports I-2057; Council Decision of 12 February 2008 establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency, OJ L 41/15, 15.2.2008 (hereinafter Renewed ESA); Romana Jordan Cizelj (Rapporteur), 'Draft Report on the Proposal for a Council Decision Establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency,' Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, European Parliament, Provisional 2007/0043 (CNS), 15.6.2007 (hereinafter Parliament); Council Regulation (EC) No 58/2003 of 19 December 2002 laying down the statute for executive agencies to be entrusted with certain tasks in the management of Community programmes, OJ L 11/1, 16.1.2003; The safeguards are included in the Euratom Treaty and a regulation. See Commission Regulation (Euratom) No 3227/76 of 19 October 1976 concerning the application of the provisions on Euratom safeguards, OJ L 363/1, 31.12.1976. This regulation was replaced by Commission Regulation (Euratom) No 302/2005 of 8 February 2005 on the application of Euratom safeguards, OJ L 54/1, 28.2. 2005; The Safeguards Directorate of Euratom spends 70 percent of its resources on inspecting the reprocessing facilities of UK (Sellafield) and France (La Hague). See Mervyn O'Driscoll, 'What is Euratom and How Does it Work?,' in EURATOM Conference Proceedings 'After 45 Years of Nuclear Promotion: Time for Change,' 10, at 21 (Sept. 12, 2002); 'Communication of the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: 50 Years of the Euratom Treaty,' at 6, COM(2007) 124 final; Judgment of the Court of 21 January 1993, Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH v. Commission of the European Communities (action for annulment -Commission decision relating to a procedure in application of Article 83 of the Euratom Treaty), Case C-308/90, 1993 European Court Reports I-309; (2004), 'Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Euratom Safety and Security -Activities in 2003,' at 15, COM; http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/doc/2005_01_07_COM_2004_861_en.pdf; Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, Dec. 13, 2007, OJ C 306 (Dec. 17, 2007). The treaty entered into force on December 1, 2009; (2007), 'Communication of the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: 50 Years of the Euratom Treaty,' at 6, COM 124 final; Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom of 25 June 2009 establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations, OJ L 172/18, 2.7.2009. The directive provides a system of licensing of nuclear installations and rules for safety supervision. The directive provides for the prime responsibility of the license holder that cannot be delegated (Art. 6). Enforcement action may include the revocation of the license of a license holder (Art. 4). There are further provisions on making information available to the public (Art. 8). See also Judgment of the Court of 10 December 2002, Commission of the European Communities v. Council of the European Union, Case C-29/99, 2002 European Court Reports I-11221; 'IAEA Safety Standards for Protecting People and the Environment: Fundamen tal Safety Principles,' (IAEA Safety Fundamentals, Series No. SF-1, 2006); The Western European Nuclear Regulators' Association (WENRA) consists of senior stAffmembers of nuclear regulatory authorities of European countries with nuclear power plants. The goal of WENRA, when it was established in 1999, was to develop a common approach to nuclear safety in order to evaluate in an objective fashion nuclear safety in the countries that had applied to join the European Union. Today WENRA has evolved into a network of 17 countries that exchange information and experiences on nuclear safety. Information about WENRA is available online http://www.wenra.org; Bonino, A.D., http://200.0.198.11/MenoriaT/MT95-97/PI19-97.pdf, 'DOE-ARN Proposed Method to Verify Uranium Inventory at the Pilcaniyeu Gaseous Diffusion Enrichment Plant,' Annual Meeting of Institute of National Materials Management, July 21-24, 1994; In August 2006, Argentina declared that it wanted to use its own advanced diffusion enrichment technology at Pilcaniyeu and to restart enrichment with the goal to produce 3 million SWU/yr in three years. It is unclear, though, whether these efforts have produced results. See http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf96. html. In 2008 Brazil and Argentina conducted negotiations to link their enrichment programs. An enrichment plant at Pilcaniyeu may be built if such negotiations are successful; The plant started operations in 2009. See 'Brazil to Start Enriching Uranium at Resende,' World Nuclear News, Jan. 14, 2009 available online http://www. world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=24321. For the dispute between the IAEA and Brazil regarding inspections at Resende enrichment plant, see Daphne Morrison, 'Issue Brief: Brazil's Nuclear Ambitions, Past and Present,' Sept. 2006, available online http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_79.html; http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/inf395.shtml, Agreement between the Republic of Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil for the Exclusively Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, July 18, 1991, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/395 (Nov. 26, 1991) (hereinafter Brazil-Argentina Agreement); www.un.org/NPT2010/SecondSession/delegates%20statements/Brazilian-Argent ine%20Agency.pdf, 'Statement of Secretary of ABACC, Antonio Abel Oliveira, Second Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2010 NPT Review Conference,' Apr. 28-May 9 2008; http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/inf435.shtml, Agreement of 13 December 1991 between the Republic of Argentina, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards, Dec. 13, 1991, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/435 (Mar. 1994); www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/1998/infcirc25a7.pdf, Co-operation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials, May 25, 1998, reprinted in IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/25/Add.7 (June 25, 1998); Peixoto, O.J.M., (2006), 'Coordination Improvement on Safeguards Application Between the ABACC and the IAEA,' at 3, IAEA-SM-367/12/07; Kahn, H., On Thermonuclear War, pp. 66-67. , (emphasis in the original) (2007, originally published in 1960); World Health Organization, World Health Assembly, 'Health and environ mental effects of nuclear weapons,' WHO Doc. Res. WHA46.40 (May 14, 1993); Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict (Advisory Opinion), July 8, 1996, (1996) ICJ Reports 66, at 84, para. 31. See also Michael J. Matheson, 'The Opinions of the International Court of Justice on the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons,' 91 American Journal of International Law 417, at 419-20 (1997); Nicholas Grief, 'Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons,' 46 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 681, at 682 (1997); The General Assembly had already issued a number of resolutions that declared the use of nuclear weapons a violation of the UN Charter and a crime against humanity. See resolutions U.N. G.A. 1653 (XVI), Nov. 24 1961; U.N. G.A. 33/71 B, Dec. 14 1978; U.N. G.A. 34/83 G, Dec. 11 1979; U.N. G.A. 35/152 D, Dec. 12, 1980; U.N. G.A. 36/92 I, Dec. 9, 1981; U.N. G.A. 45/59 B, Dec. 4, 1990; and U.N. G.A. 46/37 D, Dec. 6, 1991. The resolutions were adopted by majority vote; The Court said that even if the question had 'political aspects' it was still a legal question. See Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion), July 8, 1996, (1996) ICJ Reports 226, at 234, para. 13 [hereinafter NW Opinion]. See also Michla Pomerance, 'The ICJ's Advisory Jurisdiction and the Crumbling Wall between the Political and the Judicial,' 99 American Journal of International Law 26, at 31 (2005); Art. 6, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Dec. 19, 1966, 999 UNTS 171, 6 ILM 368 (1967). It entered into force on March 23, 1976; Art. II, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Dec. 9, 1948, reprinted in 78 UNTS 277. The convention entered into force on January 12, 1951. 65. States that supported that nuclear weapons are lawful invoked the doctrine of deterrence claiming that they always reserved the right to use nuclear weapons in self-defense against an armed attack threatening their vital security interests; The Court referred, inter alia, to Article 22 of the 1907 Hague Regulations relating to the laws and customs of war that mentions that 'the right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited' and to Article 23 of the same regulations that prohibits the use of 'arms, projectiles, or material calculated to cause unnecessary suffering.'; The principle of neutrality aims at preventing the incursion of belligerent forces into neutral territory or attacks on the persons and ships of neutrals; In favor of the Court's opinion in paragraph E were the president of the Court, Bedjaoui, and the judges Ranjeva, Herczegh, Shi, Fleischhauer, Vereshchetin, Ferrari Bravo. Dissenting opinions were filed by vice-president Schwebel and judges Oda, Guillaume, Shahabuddeen, Weeramantry, Koroma and Higgins. Even the judges that voted in favor of paragraph E of the dispositif felt compelled to make a declaration or file a separate opinion; Christopher Greenwood, 'Jus Ad Bellum and Jus In Bello in the Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion,' in International Law, the International Court of Justice and Nuclear Weapons 247, at 262 (Laurence Boisson de Chazournes et al., eds., 1999) (hereinafter International Court of Justice and Nuclear Weapons); Falk, R., 'Nuclear Weapons, International Law and the World Court: A Historic Encounter,' (1997) American Journal of International Law, 91, p. 64. , at 74; 'At the other extreme [of the use of strategic nuclear weapons] is the use of tactical nuclear weapons against discrete military or naval targets so situated that substantial civilian casualties would not ensue. For example, the use of a nuclear depth-charge to destroy a nuclear submarine that is about to fire nuclear missiles, or has fired one or more of a number of its nuclear missiles, might well be lawful. By the circumstance of its use, the nuclear depth-charge would not give rise to immediate civilian casualties. It would easily meet the test of proportionality; the damage that the submarine's missiles could inflict on the population and territory of the target State would infinitely outweigh that entailed in the destruction of the submarine and its crew.' Dissenting Opinion of Judge Schwebel; On the abuses of the concept of self-preservation, see Roberto Ago (Special Rapporteur), Addendum, 'Eighth Report on State Responsibility,' para. 8, at 17, A/CN.4/318/Add. 5-7, II(1) Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1980) available online http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn 4_318_add5-7.pdf; Rosalyn Higgins, 'Policy Considerations and the International Judicial Process,' 17 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 58, at 82 (1968) (mentioning that 'Reasoned and flexible judgments are surely a better guarantee of progressive development [of law] than non-liquets'); People kill without remorse in time of war for various reasons: genocidal thinking and the conception of the enemy as a much lower species than they are; dualistic thinking that divides the society into worthy people and worthless people, the enemy belonging to the latter category; power dominance that is expressed in the total subjugation of others; revenge; military strategies based on the rationale that killing civilians works in war; performance violence, such as suicide bombing, that focuses on the spectacle and symbolism of killing; the logic of precaution and prevention of future war by ensuring that the enemy group never thrives again; the logic of overkill to protect oneself; conditions of necessity in time of war that make necessary some 'collateral damage'; collective and sacrificial thinking. See Hugo Slim, Killing Civilians: Method, Madness, and Morality in War 121-78 (2008); Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.) (1986) ICJ Reports, 14. , Merits, June 27, 1986; the maritime delimitation cases, for example, North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v. Netherlands), Feb. 20, 1969, (1969) ICJ Reports 3, at 54, para. 101; Louka, E., (2004) Conflicting Integration: The Environmental Law of the European Union, 10, p. 15; Judith Gardam (2004) Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force by States, p. 19; Enzo Cannizzaro, 'Contextualizing Proportionality: Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello in the Lebanese War,' 88 International Review of the Red Cross 779, at (Dec. 2006); The strategy of aerial bombardment is not new and was used widely during World War II; both the Allied and the Axis forces executed it. The use of aerial bombardment during World War I prompted the adoption of the 1923 Hague Rules of Air Warfare that were not ratified by states. See infra note 77; The United States and NATO have used drones to attack terrorist targets in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Drone attacks have been blamed for many civilian casualties. The attacks are hard to verify because the tribal areas targeted cannot be easily accessed by journalists. In many of these areas, the government is virtually absent. The fact that the strikes are launched remotely through drones helps to ensure their covert character and virtually no casualties to the attacking force. While the government of Pakistan has publicly denounced such strikes, it cooperates with the United States and provides intelligence for their execution. The United States tends to acknowledge drone strikes when it is confronted with a high number of civilian casualties that get some media attention. See Ishtiaq Mahsud, 'Drone Attack in Northwestern Pakistan Kills 6,' Associated Press, Aug. 27, 2009; http://www.icrc.org/IHL.NSF/FULL/130?OpenDocument, St Petersburg Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles under 400 Grammes Weight, Dec. 11, 1868. The declaration is available online, International Committee of the Red Cross; (1899) International Committee of the Red Cross, , http://www.icrc.org/IHL.nsf/FULL/170?OpenDocument, [1899] Hague Declaration III concerning Expanding Bullets, July 29; Convention (II) with respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its Annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, July 29, 1899 available online, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/150?OpenDocument. See also Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its Annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Oct. 18, 1907 available online, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/IHL.NSF/FULL/195?OpenDocument. The 1899 and 1907 versions of the convention and the attached regulations are not that different from each other. However, 17 states that have ratified the 1899 convention have not ratified the 1907 convention. Both the conventions and the regulations annexed to them are considered to embody rules of customary international law. See http://www.icrc.org/IHL.NSF/INTRO/195?OpenDocument; [1899] Declaration II concerning Asphyxiating Gases, July 29, 1899 available online, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/ihl. nsf/FULL/165?OpenDocument; http://www.icrc.org/IHL.NSF/FULL/275?OpenDocument, Rules concerning the Control of Wireless Telegraphy in Time of War and Air Warfare drafted by a Commission of Jurists at the Hague, Dec. 1922-Feb. 1923 available online; Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, Oct. 10 1980, reprinted in 19 ILM 1523 (1980) available online http://www.icrc.org/IHL.nsf/FULL/500?OpenDocument. The convention entered into force on December 2, 1983; Protocol I on Non-Detectable Fragments (Protocol I), Oct. 10, 1980, reprinted in 1342 UNTS 168, 19 ILM 1529 (1980). It entered into force on December 2, 1983; Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby Traps and other Devices (Protocol II), Oct. 10, 1980, reprinted in 1342 UNTS 168; ILM 1529 (1980). It entered into force on December 2, 1983; Protocol III on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons (Protocol III), Oct. 10, 1980, reprinted in 1342 UNTS 171, 19 ILM 1534 (1980). It entered into force on December 2, 1983; Protocol IV on Blinding Laser Weapons (Protocol IV), Oct. 13, 1995, reprinted in 35 ILM 1218 (1996). It entered into force on July 30, 1998; Protocol V on Explosive Remnants of War, CCW/MSP/2003/2, Nov. 27, 2003. It entered into force on May 16, 2006; Convention on Cluster Munitions, Dec. 3, 2008 The convention entered into force on August 1, 2010. Information about the convention is available online, , http://www.clusterconvention.org/index.php; Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), June 8, 1977, reprinted in 1125 UNTS 3 (hereinafter Additional Protocol I). The protocol entered into force on December 7, 1978; Gaudreau, J., 'The Reservations to the Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims,' International Review of the Red Cross, , http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/review-849-p143, at 143, No. 849, Mar. 2003; W. Michael Reisman, 'Holding the Center of the Law in Armed Conflict,' 100 American Journal of International Law 852, at 856-60 (2006) (explaining how 'supreme emergencies' and 'extreme circumstances of selfdefense' can lead us down a slippery slope that justifies the use of any means in war); Robin Coupland and Peter Herby, 'Review of the Legality of Weapons: a New Approach, The SIrUS Project,' International Review of the Red Cross No. 835, at 583, Sept. 30, 1999 available online http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList74/CF3D4E11317B8AE2C1256 B66005D8927; para. 2 of French Declaration to protocol I (translated from the French original). France ratified protocol I on April 11, 2001; The United Kingdom ratified protocol I in 1998. It issued this declaration on July 2, 2002; http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20081218_2053.php, 'India Closes Airspace over Key Nuclear Plant,' Global Security Newswire, Dec. 18, 2008; Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. US), Merits, June 27, 1986, (1986) ICJ Rep. 14; According to the United States: 'Pursuant to the inherent right of individual and collective self-defense, and in accordance with the terms of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, the United States has responded to these requests [requests for assistance by the governments of El Salvador, Costa Rica and Honduras].'; Bekker, P.H.F., http://www.asil.org/insigh119.cfmauthor, 'The World Court Finds that US Attacks on Iranian Oil Platforms in 1987-1988 were not Justifiable as Self-Defense, but the United States did not Violate the Applicable Treaty with Iran,' ASIL Insights (Nov. 2003); Oil Platforms (Iran v. US), Nov. 6, 2003, (2003) ICJ Reports 161; Chapter 5 section 1 on preemptive self-defense. See also Chapter 11; An example of therapeutic occupation is the occupation of Iraq after the 2003 war. A therapeutic occupation was imposed also on Japan and Germany after World War II. A therapeutic occupation is an 'occupation designed to permit the modification and reconstruction of certain basic enemy political, economic, social, and legal institutions, the reorientation of mass and elite perspectives, the removal or limitation of enemy potential for war, and so forth.' Myres S. McDougal and Florentino P. Feliciano, Law and the Minimum World Public Order (1967); Vogt, T.R., (2000) Denazification in Soviet-Occupied Germany: Brandenburg 1945-1948; On March 24, 1999, NATO resorted to the use of armed force in order to stop the violence in the former Yugoslavia. Both the United States and Europe had been bystanders, observing from a distance the atrocities happening during the Bosnian war. They decided to intervene, however, when they realized that the same fate was awaiting Kosovo, an area that was dominated by ethnic Albanians. In order to minimize the casualties to its forces, NATO's campaign relied heavily on aerial bombardment. See generally War Over Kosovo (Andrew J. Bacevich and Eliot A. Cohen, eds., 2001); Heidi Vogt, 'Afghan Warfare Gets Wired in Quest to Spare Lives,' Associated Press, Aug. 18, 2009; Michael Weissenstein, 'Western Airstrikes Kill Fewer Afghan Civilians,' Associated Press, Aug. 10, 2009; Jason Straziuso and Amir Shah, 'US Releases Video of Afghan Grenade Attack,' Associated Press, July 11, 2009; Thomas M. Franck, 'On Proportionality of Countermeasures in International Law,' 102 American Journal of International Law 715, at 734 (2008) (claiming that proportionality has become an undeniable part of the public assessment of state conduct); Carnesale, A., (1983) Living with Nuclear Weapons, p. 13; Lawrence Freedman (2003) The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, pp. 317-321; There are a number of institutions in NWS whose job is the management of nuclear weapons. Any attempt to get rid of nuclear weapons, therefore, will have to struggle with established turfs that go beyond a traditional department of defense. The United States' nuclear weapons complex, for example, is managed not only by the Department of Defense (DOD) but also by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the Department of Energy (DOE). The NNSA is in charge of the Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP) the purpose of which is to ensure the credibility of the US nuclear deterrent without nuclear testing. The three main nuclear laboratories in the United States are: the Los Alamos, New Mexico, Livermore, California and Sandia, New Mexico; Rothkopf, D., (2008) Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World they are Making, p. 214; Holtom, P., 'International Arms Transfers,' in (2008) SIPRI Yearbook 2008 Summary, 14; Sam Perlo-Freeman and Elisabeth Sköns, 'Arms Production,' in (2008) SIPRI Yearbook 2008 Summary, , at 12, 13; Stålenheim, P., 'Military Expenditure,' in (2008) SIPRI Yearbook 2008, , Summary, at 10, 10-11; Chulov, M., 'Blackwater Trial: 15 Minutes of Gunfire which Left 17 Dead,' Guardian, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/01/blackwater-trial-day-of-shoo tings, Jan. 1, 2010; Chapter 6. See also Peter Fritsch and David Crawford, 'Iran Nuclear Ring Probed: Western Authorities Investigate China Connection in Export of French Valves,' Wall Street Journal, Apr. 3, 2010, at A1; infra section 4 on Instruments of Nuclear Arms Control; William J. Broad, 'Nuclear Labs Raise Doubts Over Viability of Arsenals,' New York Times, Mar. 27, 2010, at A7; Volz, M., 'Nuclear Heartland Anxious about Missile Cuts,' (2010), Associated Press, Apr 4; Zdzislaw Lachowski, 'Conventional Arms Control,' in SIPRI Yearbook 2008, Summary, at 21 (2008); Wirtz, J.J., 'Conclusion: The Future of Arms Control,' Arms Control: Cooperative Security in a Changed Environment, p. 343. , (Jeffrey A. Larsen, ed., 2002). at 346-7; Amy F. Woolf, 'Missile Defense, Arms Control, and Deterrence: A New Strategic Framework,' CRS (Congressional Research Service) Report to Congress, at 4 (Oct. 31, 2001); infra section 4 on the START Process; infra section 4 on the SORT Treaty; Schelling, T.C., (1966) Arms and Influence, 234; Keegan, J., (1993) A History of Warfare, 384; United States National Academy of Sciences (1997) The Future of US Nuclear Weapons Policy, 90, p. 94; 'Maintaining two survivable nuclear ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) continuously at sea would require five in the inventory; at any given moment, two of the five may be assumed to be in port and one might be undergoing repairs or refitting. To maintain two fully survivable submarines at sea both in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans would require 10 total SSBNs in the US force.' Assuming a level of 24 missiles per Trident submarine and loading one warhead per missile, this force would possess 240 operational warheads of which 100 would be kept at sea and survivable at any given time; Today some NTMs can capture objects the size of a tennis ball; (1972), http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/salt1.html, Interim Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures with respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT I Agreement), reprinted in 23 UST 3463, TIAS No. 7504, May 26, (hereinafter SALT I). The treaty entered into force on October 3 1972. On the negotiating history see US Department of State; infra section 6 on the ABM Treaty; infra section 6 on the ABM Treaty; Treaty of the United States of America and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT II), June 18, 1979; Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, Dec. 8, 1987, reprinted in 27 ILM 84 (1987) (hereinafter INF Treaty). The treaty entered into force on June 1, 1988; http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/inf1.html, US Department of State available online (hereinafter US INF); By February 1994, the United States had conducted 452 inspections and the USSR/Russia 270. After February 1994, the United States started to perform inspections in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine; Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START I), July 31, 1991, reprinted in 31 ILM 246 (1992) (hereinafter START I Treaty). The treaty entered into force on December 5, 1994. An article-by-article analysis of the treaty is available online, US Department of State, http://www.state.gov/t/vci/trty/104056. htm (hereinafter US START I). The START I Treaty expired on December 5, 2009 and was followed by the 2010 START Treaty. See also infra note 138; Such restrictions include limits on non-deployed ICBMs, non-deployed mobile launchers, bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, space launch facilities, launchers at space launch facilities, and restrictions on the location of non-deployed ICBMs. Article IV(8) further limits each state to an aggregate of no more than 50 storage facilities and repair facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs. Article IV(11)(c) requires that test ranges and space launch facilities be separated by no less than 100 kilometers from the ICBM bases and deployment bases; This article bans providing airplanes, not initially constructed as bombers but having the range and platform characteristics of bombers, with nuclear capability. Article V(18)(b) prohibits the production, testing and deployment of launchers of ballistic or cruise missiles for emplacement on the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters and inland waters or for emplacement in the subsoil; Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START II), Jan. 3, 1993 (hereinafter START II Treaty). The treaty is available online at the US Department of State, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/starthtm/start2/strt2txt.html#1.0. The treaty was amended by Protocol to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms of January 3, 1993, Sept. 26, 1997 (hereinafter START II Treaty as amended) available online http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/starthtm/start2/siiproto.html#1.2; The United States ratified the START II Treaty in 1996. Russia ratified both the START II Treaty and the 1997 START II Protocol in 2000 along with certain agreed statements related to the ABM Treaty. The Russian ratification was conditional upon the US ratification of the 1997 START II Protocol plus the ABM agreed statements. The United States did not ratify the 1997 START II. It did not ratify the ABM agreed statements either. The agreed statements related to the ABM treaty were agreements that were adopted on September 26, 1997 by the United States, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The purpose of the agreements was to set a 'demarcation line' between theater missile defense (TMD) systems which were not restricted by the ABM Treaty and strategic missile defense which was restricted under the treaty. They included a Memorandum of Understanding that designated Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine the successor states to the ABM Treaty. The United States legislature was opposed to any sort of agreement that would provide further support for the ABM Treaty; (2010), http://www.state.gov/t/vci/trty/126118.htm, Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, Apr. 8, (hereinafter START 2010) available online US Department of State; United States Department of State, Article-by-Article Analysis of New START Treaty Documents, at 13-14 (hereinafter US START 2010) available online http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/142041.pdf. See also Part Four of the Protocol to Treaty, Section III, according to which notification must be given when an ICBM has moved to or from the range located outside a party's national territory which that party has used for conducting launches of ICBMs between December 5, 1994 and December 4, 2009. The practical effect of this notification is to require Russia to give notifications on the movement of ICBMs to and from the Leninsk Test Range in Kazakhstan. Russia has a long-term lease agreement to use the ICBM test range in Leninsk, Kazakhstan to test launch ICBMs; infra on SORT Treaty; There was some debate in the United States whether this provision limits the defense capabilities of that country. It seems that the United States has no plans to convert ICBM silos or to convert SLBMs into missile defense interceptors. See 'Statement of Patrick J. O'Reilly, Director, Missile Defense Agency, Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,' June 16, 2010; Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Strategic Offensive Reductions (SORT Treaty or Treaty of Moscow), May 24, 2002, reprinted in 41 ILM 799 (2002) (hereinafter SORT Treaty). The treaty entered into force on June 1, 2003. The treaty is available online, Arms Control Association, http://www.armscontrol.org/documents/sort; http://www.state.gov/t/vci/cca/os/106812.htm, Treaty on Open Skies: Article-by-Article Analysis (hereinafter US Open Skies) available online, US Department of State; Treaty on Open Skies, Mar. 24, 1992 (hereinafter Open Skies Treaty). The treaty entered into force on January 1, 2002. The treaty is available online http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/openski1.html. State parties to the treaty include Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Kyrgyzstan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States; (2009) 'Open Skies Treaty, Fact Sheet,', , http://www.state.gov/t/vci/rls/123551.htm, May 18, (hereinafter Fact Sheet) available online; The quality of satellite imagery that the United States receives through its reconnaissance satellites is classified information. It is estimated that the United States satellites are much superior to commercial satellites; Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, May 26, 1972, reprinted in 23 UST 3435, TIAS. No. 7503 (hereinafter ABM Treaty). The treaty entered into force on October 3, 1972. The treaty is available online, US State Department, http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/abm/abm2. html. The treaty ceased to be in force in 2002 after the United States formally withdrew from the treaty. Parties to the treaty were the United States and the USSR (and after the dissolution of USSR, the successor states Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine). The treaty was accompanied by Agreed Statements, Common Understandings, and Unilateral Statements regarding the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missiles, May 26, 1972; http://www.nti.org/e_research/cnwm/monitoring/dismantle.asp, 'Monitoring Stockpiles: Warhead Dismantlement Transparency,' Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI); (1997), http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fissmat/plutdisp/dispovr.htm, Adam Bernstein, 'Russia: Introduction to Plutonium Disposition,' Nov. 21; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation concerning the Management and Disposition of Plutonium Designated as No Longer Required for Defense Purposes and Related Cooperation, June 4, 2000 (hereinafter United States-Russia Plutonium Disposition Agreement); Panel on Reactor-Related Options for the Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium of National Research Council, Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium: Reactor-Related Options, at 47, n. 23 (1995). See also the Physics Department at Idaho State University available online http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/risk.htm. At doses up to 100 rem, the cells might not be able to repair the damage and may be changed permanently or die. This is the origin of increased risk of cancer because of radiation exposure. At doses higher than 100 rem, one may experience radiation sickness. Radiation sickness is the result of the damage to the intestinal lining so that it cannot perform the basic functions of water intake and nutrients intake. This leads to nausea, diarrhea and general weakness. With doses higher than 300 rem, the immune system is damaged. With doses near 400 rem, about 50 percent of the people are expected to die within 60 days after the exposure, mostly because of infections; (1997), http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fissmat/plutdisp/plutdevs.htm, Germany had signed a trilateral agreement with Russia and France on Russian plutonium disposition that it decided not to renew after its expiration in 2002. See 'Russia: Archived Plutonium Disposition Developments, NTI; http://nnsa.energy.gov/nuclear_nonproliferation/plutonium_disposition.ht m, United States National Nuclear Security Administration; http://www.ch.doe.gov/html/buttons/programs.htm, The plan is to construct the facility at the Savannah River site. See United States Department of Energy (DOE); http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/04/140120.htm, 'Signing of the Plutonium Disposition Protocol,' Press Release, United States Department of State, Apr. 13, 2010; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation concerning the Shutdown of Plutonium Production Reactors and the Cessation of Use of Newly Produced Plutonium for Nuclear Weapons, June 23, 1994; Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation concerning Cooperation Regarding Plutonium Production Reactors, Sept. 23, 1997; http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fissmat/plutprod/plutover.htm; (2010), http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE63E1VW20100415, Russia Shuts Last Weapons-grade Plutonium Reactor, Reuters, Apr. 15; (1993), http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fulltext/heudeal/heufull.htm, Russia-United States Highly Enriched Uranium Agreement, Feb. 18, (hereinafter HEU Deal); The deal was assessed at $8 billion. The United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC), which is the executive agency on the US side, is not subsidized by the government and its revenues come directly from customers to whom it sells LEU. Russian nuclear warheads are dismantled at four nuclear facilities: the Start Production Association in Zarechniy (also known as Penza-19), the Elektrokhimpribor Combine in Lesnoy (Sverdlovsk-45), the Instrument Making Plant in Trekhgornyy (Zlatoust-36), or the Avangard Electromechanical Plant in Sarov (Arzamas-16). The warhead components (HEU) are transferred to the Siberian Chemical Combine in Seversk (Tomsk-7) where they are converted to uranium oxide. The uranium oxide is transferred subsequently to the Ural Electrochemical Combine in Novouralsk (Verkh-Neyvinsk or Sverdlovsk-44) or to the Electrochemical Combine in Zelenogorsk (Krasnoyarsk-45) where it is converted to highly enriched uranium hexafluoride (UF6) and then diluted to LEU as UF6. The LEU is then packaged and shipped from St. Petersburg to the United States. Upon receipt of the LEU, the executive agent for the United States, the USEC, makes the payment to Tekhsnabeksport, the executive agent for Russia. Once in the United States, USEC converts the LEU as UF6 to LEU power reactor fuel, which USEC may then sell to commercial reactors on the open market. Information about Megatons to Megawatts is available online http://www.usec.com/megatonstomegawatts.htm; A number of issues emerged, though, on how Russia was to be compensated for the 'feed,' that is the material that Russia used to dilute its ex-warhead HEU. See Agreement between the United States Department of Energy and the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy concerning the Transfer of Source Material to the Russian Federation (HEU Feed Deal), Mar. 24, 1999 available online http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fulltext/heudeal/heufeed. htm#Minatom-DOE%20HEU%20Feed%20Deal; By 1999 the price for enrichment services decreased due to a competitive international market. This would have meant that the USEC would have to pay more for Russia's HEU to LEU conversion than the market price for new contracts. The USEC's Megatons to Megawatts program would have been unprofitable unless innovative solutions were found. In June 2002, the United States and Russia agreed on a contract amendment for the remaining 12 years of the program. The amendment included market-based pricing that went into effect in January 2003. The pricing terms of the agreement were modified in 2009 for the years 2010 through 2013 in order to ensure price stability for both states. See http://www.usec.com/megatonstomegawatts_faq.htm; http://www.nti.org/e_research/cnwm/monitoring/uranium.asp, 'Monitoring Stockpiles: Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency' available online; Highly Enriched Uranium: Striking a Balance -A Historical Report on the United States Highly Enriched Uranium Production, Acquisition, and Utilization Activities from 1945 through September 30, 1996 (United States Department of Energy (DOE), 2001). The report was publicly released in 2006 even though it had been unclassified since 2001. It took many years of appeals under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to release the document. See Steven Aftergood and Frank N. von Hippel, 'Report: The US Highly Enriched Uranium Declaration: Transparency Deferred but not Denied,' 14(1) Nonproliferation Review 149, Mar. 2007. See also Plutonium: The First 50 Years: United States Plutonium Production, Acquisition, and Utilization from 1944 through 1994 (DOE, 1996); Historical Accounting for UK Defence Highly Enriched Uranium, , (UK Ministry of Defence, Mar. 2006); 'Communication Received from Certain Member States concerning their Policies regarding the Management of Plutonium,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/549 (Mar. 16, 1998). The countries that have communicated that they undertake the obligation to report their stockpiles of plutonium are Belgium, China, Germany, France, Japan, Russia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States; 'Communication received from France concerning its Policies regarding the Management of Plutonium, Statements on the Management of Plutonium and of High Enriched Uranium,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/549/Add.5/12 (Oct. 30, 2008); 'Communication received from China concerning its Policies regarding the Management of Plutonium,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/549/Add.7/8 (Apr. 1, 2008); 'Communication received from Germany concerning its Policies regarding the Management of Plutonium,' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/549/Add.2/12 (Sept. 15, 2009). According to Germany, regarding 'any material that has been shipped abroad, especially for reprocessing, we would like to point out that the data on such material are not available at the German side.'; 'Monitoring Stockpiles: IAEA Monitoring of Excess Nuclear Material' (hereinafter Trilateral) available online http://www.nti.org/e_research/cnwm/monitoring/trilateral.asp. See also Thomas E. Shea, 'Report on the Trilateral Initiative: IAEA Verification of Weapon-Origin Material in the Russian Federation & the United States,' IAEA Bulletin, Apr. 2001; Sharon Squassoni, 'Banning Fissile Material Production for Nuclear Weapons: Prospects for a Treaty (FMCT),' at 3, CRS Report for Congress (July 14, 2006); Burgess, S.F., 'India's Emerging Security Strategy, Missile Defense, and Arms Control,' at 35 (INSS Occasional Paper, USAF Institute for National Security Studies, June 2004); http://geneva.usmission.gov/Press2006/0518DraftFMCT.html, Treaty on the Cessation of Production of Fissile Material for Use in Nuclear Weapons or Other Nuclear Explosive Devices (Draft), May 18, 2006; The United States has declared about 217 metric tons of HEU (out of a total 654 tons) in excess of defense needs which are scheduled to be downblended. Since HEU is used as naval fuel (i.e., to propel nuclear submarines), it may be needed in the future. At this point the United States navy retains 128 metric tons of HEU, a sufficient amount to fuel; 'Communication dated 25 July 2008 received from the Permanent Mission of India concerning a document entitled "Implementation of the India-United States Joint Statement of July 18, 2005: India's Separation Plan,"' IAEA Doc. INFCIRC/731 (July 25, 2008) available online http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2008/infcirc731.pdf; Safeguards at enrichment HEU centrifuge facilities have become standard and are applied in most centrifuge enrichment plants. They involve: (1) activities outside the centrifuge cascade that have to do with material accountancy and (2) activities inside the centrifuge cascade that ensure that no material is produced beyond the declared enrichment level. Access to the cascades can be achieved through Limited Frequency Unannounced Access (LFUA) inspections; Reprocessing plants that need to be safeguarded under the FMCT include: operating civilian plants; operating plants reprocessing fuels from military reactors (or a combination of civilian and military reactors); shutdown or closed plants; new civilian plants not yet in operation. Monitoring plutonium, to ensure that no plutonium is removed from reprocessing plants, can take place at all production phases and all Material Balance Areas (MBAs) including the receipt and storage of spent fuel; the main separation process (plutonium and uranium are separated from the fission products); waste treatment and storage; and MOX fuel fabrication. In reprocessing plants the continuous inspector presence, which can be very expensive, could be replaced by Short Notice Random Inspections (SNRI); Regarding the HEU used for naval fuel propulsion, the NPT allows states to use nuclear material for non-explosive military purposes. See also para. 14(a)-(c), Initial Safeguards, Chapter 4 section 2, n. 42. The IAEA does not have the power to veto the use of nuclear material in the military as long as the material is not used for explosive devices or to make nuclear weapons; Safeguards for the closed-down plants may involve a combination of methods such as remote monitoring, seals and SNRI; Air monitoring can be accomplished also by using probes inserted into the ventilation system. See 'Verification of nuclear disarmament: final report on the studies into the Verification of nuclear warheads and their components, Working Paper Submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,' 2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, at 4, NPT/CONF.2005/WP.1 (Apr. 18, 2005); Airborne gamma spectrometry (AGS) is based on the use of spectrometers that are highly sensitive to radiation. The technology can identify sources of radiation that may be unnatural for their environment. Therefore, AGS can be used to search for radioactive sources related to terrorism, radioactive sources lost in transport, undeclared nuclear mishaps and radioactive pollution from nuclear explosions; The Al Kibar facility was located in an isolated desert region of eastern Syria called Dayr az Zawr close to the Euphrates River; CNN first reported the strike as an attack targeting Hezbollah militants. See 'Syria Complains to UN about Israeli Airstrike,' CNN, Sept. 11, 2007 available online http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/09/11/israel.syria. In a letter to UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, Syria called the raid 'a breach of air space of the Syrian Arab Republic.' There was speculation that about ten North Koreans working at the facility died but these reports remained unverified. See Tak Kumakura, 'North Koreans May Have Died in Israel Attack on Syria, NHK Says,' Bloomberg.com, Apr. 28, 2008. See also Uzi Mahnaimi and Sarah Baxter, 'Israelis Seized Nuclear Material in Syrian Raid,' Timesonline, Sept. 23, 2007 available online http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2512380.e ce; Mark Mazzetti and Helene Cooper, 'Israeli Nuclear Suspicions Linked to Raid in Syria,' NY Times, Sept. 18, 2007 available online http://www.nytimes. com/2007/09/18/world/asia/18korea.html#; David E. Sanger and Mark Mazzetti, 'Israel Struck Syrian Nuclear Project, Analysts Say,' NY Times, Oct. 14, 2007 available online http://www.nytimes. com/2007/10/14/washington/14weapons.html; Marcus, J., http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7366868.stm, 'US Syria Claims Raise Wider Doubts,' BBC News, Apr. 25, 2008; 'Syrian Nuke Site Images Claim Scrutinized,' CBS News, Oct. 24, 2007 available online http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/24/world/main3402004. shtml?source=related_story (the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) obtained the satellite imagery from DigitalGlobe, a commercial provider of satellite imagery). See also David Albright and Paul Brannan, 'The Al Kibar Reactor: Extraordinary Camouflage, Troubling Implications,' Institute for Science and International Security, at 2, May 12, 2008 available online http://www.isis-online.org/publications/syria/SyriaReactorReport_12May20 08.pdf; (2007), http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iPSxU5Nlch6Nzo-6RPwuhDbjZb1Q, 'Israel Says Deterrent Ability Recovered after Syria Strike,' Agence France Presse, Sept. 16; Bret Stephens, 'Osiraq II?,' Wall Street Journal, Sept. 18, 2007. See also Leonard S. Spector and Avner Cohen, 'Israel's Airstrike on Syria's Reactor: Implications for the Nonproliferation Regime,' July/August 2008 available online http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2008_07-08/SpectorCohen; (2008) Washington Times, , http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/apr/25/israelis-upset-us-divulg ed-strike-details, 'Israelis Upset US Divulged Strike Details,' Apr. 25; 'Korea and Syria: Oh What a Tangled Web They Weave,' Economist, May 1, 2008, at 68; The close collaboration between the United States and Israel has led some to claim that Israel often acts as a surrogate for the United States. See 'Former UN Ambassador John Bolton Gauges Global Impact of Gaza Crisis' (Interview), Fox News, Dec. 30, 2008; Kessler, G., Wright, R., 'Israel, US, Shared Data on Suspected Nuclear Site,' (2007) Washington Post, pp. A1. , Sept 21; http://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3695754&page=1, 'High Level Debate Stalled Syria Air Strike: US was Concerned over Intelligence, Stability to Region, Officials Tell ABC News,' ABC News, Oct. 5, 2007; http://www.dni.gov/interviews/20080424_interview.pdf, (hereinafterBackgroundBriefing). Based on the briefing, North Korea&#x2019;s and Syria&#x2019;s cooperation dated from as early as 1997 'Background Briefing with Senior US Officials on Syria's Covert Nuclear Reactor and North Korea's Involvement,' at 5, Apr. 24, 2008; The purpose of the heat exchange system is to transfer heated carbon dioxide gas from the reactor core to water drawn from the close-by river. See David Albright and Paul Brannan, 'The Al Kibar Reactor: Extraordinary Camouflage: Troubling Implications,' at 26, Institute for Science and International Security, May 12, 2008; 'Syria:, US., Nuclear Reactor Allegations Aim to Create Mideast Crisis,' Associated Press, May 3 (2008); MacAskill, E., Batty, D., 'UN Censures US and Israel over Syria Nuclear Row (2008) Guardian, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/25/syria.usa, Apr 25; 'Statement by IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei,' IAEA Press Release 2008/06, Apr. 25, 2008 (emphasis in the original); Joby Warrick and Robin Wright, 'Search is Urged for Syrian Nuclear Sites: US Presses UN on 3 Alleged Facilities,' Washington Post, May 29, 2008, at A14; George Jahn, 'Diplomats: Syria Passes 1st Test of Nuclear Probe,' Associated Press, Sept. 20, 2008; 'Report by the Director General, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Syrian Arab Republic,' para. 12, IAEA Doc. GOV/2008/60 (Nov. 19, 2008) (hereinafter Syria NPT Report); In the meantime, the IAEA director informed the IAEA board that the agency's main contact in Syria had been killed and that this would slow down the work of the IAEA in Syria. The person killed facilitated the IAEA's access to Syria's alleged nuclear facilities. It has been speculated that the director general implied the assassination of Brigadier General Mohammad Suleiman, a senior security advisor to President Bashar al-Assad, at a beach resort, in the city of Tartous in Syria. Suleiman was in charge of Syria's nuclear and chemical weapons program. See Mark Heinrich and Sylvia Westall, 'Assad Aide Killing Hurts UN Probe in Syria: Diplomats,' Reuters, Sept. 25, 2008 available online http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE48O6W720080925?sp= true; Israel had engaged in a number of overt and covert actions in order to prevent the building of the reactor in Iraq. It was speculated, for instance, that Israeli agents destroyed the core of the reactor when it was still located in Toulon about to be shipped to Iraq and that Israeli agents might have been involved in the assassination of key scientists. The Israeli press, at the instigation of the Israeli government, had launched a crusade against building the reactor. See Amos Perlmutter, Michael Handel and Uri Bar-Joseph, Two Minutes over Baghdad 68-71, 73, 74-5 (1982); Dan Reiter, 'Preventive Attacks against Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Programs: The Track Record,' at 8, Working Paper, Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies at the University of Pittsburgh (2006); Chapter 5 section 1 on State Practice: Preemptive Self-Defense; Litwak, R.S., 'The New Calculus of Pre-emption,' 44(4) Survival, p. 53. , http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/newcalc.pdf, (International Institute for Strategic Studies, Winter 2002-3) at 67; http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA, 'Press Conference with Prime Minister Begin, IDF Chief of StAffEitan, IAF Commander Irvi and Director of Military Intelligence Saguy,' June 9, 1982, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs; S.C. Res. 487, U.N. Doc. S/RES/487 (June 19, 1981); A proposition that was eventually defeated. Article XIX(B) of the statute of the IAEA states that a member of the IAEA can have its rights and privileges suspended if found in persistent violation of the statute of the IAEA. The United States argued that the attack on Iraq's nuclear facility was not a violation of the IAEA statute since the statute contains no provision regarding the use of force against nuclear facilities of member states. Furthermore, the United States argued that punitive action against Israel would do great harm to the IAEA and the NPT regime. On September 26, 1981, the IAEA conference condemned Israel for the attack and voted to suspend all technical assistance to Israel. The conference deferred for its next session (which was held in 1982) the decision whether to suspend Israel from exercising its privileges and rights of IAEA membership; General Conference, Twenty-sixth regular session, Agenda item 15, para, 6, IAEA Doc. GC(XXVI)/682 (Sept. 24, 1982); http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC25/GC25Records/English/gc25or-237_ en.pdf, also 'Record of the Two Hundred and Thirty-Seventh Plenary Meeting,' para. 53, Sept. 26, 1981, IAEA Doc. GC(XXV)/OR.237, May 1982 a; Fischer, D., (1997) History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years, pp. 107-108; A similar attack was executed against a chemical factory in Sudan. On August 20, 1998, United States Tomahawk missiles destroyed the El Shifa pharmaceutical plant in Khartoum, Sudan. The attack was launched 13 days after the bombing of the United States embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania that killed 224 people, including United States citizens. The United States claimed that the plant was linked to the terrorist Osama bin Laden's network and was producing a precursor chemical for VX nerve gas. The attack destroyed the factory, though the evidence that the factory produced chemical weapons and had links to the bin Laden network was assessed as weak. The United States blocked Sudan's efforts to launch a Security Council factfinding investigation on whether the El Shifa plant produced lethal VX gas. The United States claimed self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. The attack generated mixed responses and there was no clear consensus that the violation of Sudan's sovereignty was illegal. States expressed concerns mostly about the use of the factory for terrorist purposes and the violation of Sudan's sovereignty was not that much discussed. Commentators debated, instead, whether the United States possessed sufficient evidence that would support the claim that the pharmaceutical plant was used in terrorist activities. See Jules Lobel, 'The Use of Force to Respond to Terrorist Attacks: The Bombing of Sudan and Afghanistan,' 24 Yale Journal of International Law 537 (1999). See also Ruth Wedgwood, 'Responding to Terrorism: The Strike Against bin Laden,' 24 Yale Journal of International Law (1999); The attacks at Osiraq and Al Kibar are not the only attacks that have been contemplated against nuclear facilities. Attacks were contemplated against the North Korean nuclear program but were not undertaken because of fears that they might provoke retaliation that could escalate into a full-scale war in the Korean peninsula. In addition, there was concern that the lack of accurate intelligence would increase the probabilities that not all the right targets would be hit. An attack was contemplated against the nascent Chinese nuclear program in the 1950s but the attack was not undertaken because the strategic threat of acquisition of nuclear weapons by China ceased to be that relevant. See Robert S. Litwak, 'The New Calculus of Pre-emption,' 44(4) Survival 53, 61, 64-5 (2002-3). Attacks have been launched against WMD facilities within the context of regular warfare. Five separate Allied attacks were launched against Germany's nuclear weapon programs during World War II. The goal of operation Desert Storm in 1991 was not only to liberate Kuwait but also to disrupt the WMD program of Iraq. Operation Iraqi Freedom was ostensibly carried out based on fears that Iraq had WMD. During the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war, Iraq launched seven separate air strikes on Bushehr, the Iranian nuclear reactor. See Dan Reiter, 'Preventive Attacks Against Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Programs: The Track Record,' at 8, Working Paper, Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies at the University of Pittsburgh (2006); For attempts to distinguish between these two terms, see Chapter 5 section 1 on State Practice: Preemptive Self-Defense. See also Michael Reisman and Andrea Armstrong, 'The Past and Future of the Claim of Preemptive Self-Defense,' 100 American Journal of International Law 525, at 526 (2006); In addition to the unilateral use of force in self-defense, under the UN Charter, the Security Council can use force to preserve peace -which has been called collective self-defense. See Chapter 5 section 1 on Preventing Threats to the Peace: Collective Action; The facts of the Caroline case: in 1837 during a rebellion against the British occupation in Canada, rebels were assisted by United States sympathizers and the steamer Caroline was used to transport supplies from the United States to Canada. The British protested the transfer of supplies to no avail. Subsequently British forces entered the United States, took over Caroline and sent it ablaze over the Niagara Falls. As a result of this action, several United States citizens were killed and injured. The United States launched a formal complaint with the British government, which claimed self-defense. In response, the United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster stated that for a self-defense claim to be valid, the British had to demonstrate a 'necessity of self-defence, instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation.' See R.Y. Jennings, 'The Caroline and McLeod Cases,' 32 American Journal of International Law 82, at 89 (1938); McDougal, M.S., Feliciano, F.P., (1961) Law and Minimum World Public Order, 67, p. 184; It has been argued, for instance, that annoyance actions, which do not involve offensive operations by the forces of a state, do not constitute an armed attack. However, a 'coordinated and general campaign by powerful bands of irregulars' with the 'easily proven' complicity of a state would constitute an armed attack especially if the objective is the forcible settlement of a dispute or the acquisition of a territory. See Ian Brownlie, 'The Use of Force in Self-Defense,' 37 British Yearbook of International Law 183, at 245 (1961); The use of the word 'inherent' has been interpreted to mean that the Charter left largely unchanged the law on self-defense as it existed before the adoption of the Charter. It has been argued that Article 51 has not extinguished the right to self-defense as developed by customary international law and that that right is wider than the right to self-defense under Article 51; Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. US), Merits, June 27, 1986, (1986) ICJ Rep. 14; Oil Platforms (Iran v. US), Merits, Nov. 6, 2003, (2003) ICJ Rep. 161; Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (DRC v. Uganda), Dec. 19, 2005, (2005) ICJ Rep. 168. For a detailed analysis of these cases, see Chapter 9 section 2; generally Timothy L.H. McCormack, Self-Defense in International Law: The Israeli Raid on the Iraqi Nuclear Reactor (1996); Yoram Dinstein, 'The Legal Issues of 'Para-War' and Peace in the Middle East,' 44 St John's Law Review 466, at 469-70 (1970). See also 'The Hundred Years' War,' Economist, Jan. 10, 2009, at 9; Anthony D'Amato, 'Israel's Air Strike against the Osiraq Reactor: A Retrospective,' 10 Temple International and Comparative Law Journal; (1996). See also Charles Pierson, 'Preemptive Self-Defense in an Age of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Operation Iraqi Freedom,' 33 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 150, at 168 (2004); Michael Reisman, W., 'International Legal Responses to Terrorism,' (1999) Houston Journal of International Law, 22, p. 3. , at 18-19; Beres, L.R., Tsiddon-Chatto, C.Y., 'Reconsidering Israel's Destruction of Iraq's Osiraq Nuclear Reactor,' (1995) Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, 9, p. 437. , at 438; http://www.foia.cia.gov/, 'Interagency Intelligence Assessment; Implications of Israeli Attack on Iraq,' at 2, 8, July 1, 1981; Pierson, T.A., 'Saddam Hussein: Operational Artist or Madman?' Naval War College Newport, Rhode Island, Joint Military Operations Department (Feb. 13, 1998); Eichensehr, K.E., 'Targeting Tehran: Assessing the Lawfulness of Preemptive Strikes Against Nuclear Facilities,' (2007) UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 11, p. 59. , (making the argument that states embedded in the international system may have plans to develop nuclear weapons, but they are unlikely to use such weapons); The legal advisors to Great Britain in the Caroline case included a footnote in their report to the British government that deserves to be mentioned for the role of precaution in self-defense: 'We feel bound to suggest to your Lordship that the grounds on which we consider the conduct of the British Authorities to be justified is that it was absolutely necessary as a measure of precaution for the future and not as a measure of retaliation for the past [emphasis in the original].'; Despite official statements against nuclear weapons proliferation, the attitude of states has been marred by fatalism that nuclear technology will spread, bringing with it the spread of nuclear weapons. Stopping the spread of nuclear weapons is a priority for the United States but often not at the expense of other interests that loom more urgent. See Chapter 6; Michael Reisman, W., 'Criteria for the Lawful Use of Force in International Law,' (1985) Yale Journal of International Law, 10, p. 279. , at 281; Michael Reisman, W., 'Article 2(4): The Use of Force in Contemporary International Law,' (1984) American Society of International Law Proceedings, 78, p. 74; Michael Reisman, W., 'Old Wine in New Bottles: The Reagan and Brezhnev Doctrines in Contemporary International Law and Practice,' (1988) Yale Journal of International Law, 13, p. 171. , at 184; Michael Reisman, W., Baker, J.E., (1992) Regulating Covert Action: Practices, Contexts, and Policies of Covert Coercion Abroad in International and American Law, p. 113; 'Report by the Director General, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Syrian Arab Republic,' para. 19 (emphasis added), IAEA Doc. GOV/2008/60 (Nov. 19, 2008); Israel and Syria Armistice Agreement, July 20, 1949, 42 UNTS 327. An armistice agreement means that the parties to a Conflict put down their arms, but it does not necessarily mean the end of war. Accordingly, 'belligerent parties may resume operations at any time, provided always that the enemy is warned within the time agreed upon, in accordance with the terms of the armistice.' See Art. 36, Hague Convention (IV), Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, with Annex and Regulations, Oct. 18, 1907. For more details on this convention, see Chapter 9 section 2; For example, the 2006 war in Lebanon. The Conflict lasted 33 days and ended through a ceasefire brokered by the UN Security Council on August 14, 2006. The Conflict was between the Israeli military and the Hezbollah paramilitary forces that were armed with advanced weapons including unmanned aerial vehicles. Syria and Iran supplied arms to Hezbollah during the Conflict. See, e.g., 'Conal Urquhart, Computerized Weaponry and High Morale,' Guardian, Aug. 11, 2006; Freedman, L., (2003) The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, p. 459; Michael Reisman, W., 'Criteria for the Lawful Use of Force in International Law,' (1985) Yale Journal of International Law, 10, p. 279; also Chapter 5 section 1 on covert operations; Ernle Bradford, Thermopylae: The Battle for the West 148 (1980) (often overt attacks create common bonds of pride and honour and generate a larger national identity); Before attacking Osiraq openly, Israel evaluated the possibilities of covert action to conclude that a secret raid, with the goal of disguising the identity of the attacker, would be more costly in terms of its own casualties and Iraq's casualties and likely to attract more attention than an overt operation. See Amos Perlmutter, Michael Handel and Uri Bar-Joseph, Two Minutes over Baghdad 88-100 (1982). Covert actions must meet the standards for armed Conflict, namely proportionality and discrimination regarding the target; Chapter 5 section 1 on covert operations; Remarks by, W., Michael Reisman, 'Covert Action,' (1995) Yale Journal of International Law, 20, p. 419. , at 419-20; 'Group Asks Google to Stop Map Image Service,' Reuters, Dec. 19, 2008 available online http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSTRE4BI5A120081219 (Google Earth has 'drawn criticism from a variety of countries for providing images of sensitive locations, such as military bases or potential targets of terror attacks'). See also Rina Chandran, 'Mumbai Attacks Show up India's Technology Shortcomings,' Reuters, Dec. 11, 2008 available online http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSBOM339447 (after the Mumbai terrorist attacks of 2008, it was argued that Google Earth should be banned because it provides easy access to the location of defense and civilian facilities, creating security hazards); 'IAEA Chief Baffled Over Lack of Syria Nuclear Info,' Associated Press, Nov. 28, 2008; According to certain accounts, failed states, like Somalia, are the best places to combat terrorists because, given the absence of local sovereignty and the lack of media attention, virtually unrestricted Western counterterrorism efforts can take place. See Paul Salopek, 'US Appears to be Losing its Secret War in Somalia,' Seattle Times, Nov. 29, 2008; Philip C. Jessup, A Modern Law of Nations 166 (1948); Ian Brownlie, 'The Use of Force in Self-Defence,' 37 British Yearbook of International Law (1961); Glennon, M.J., 'The Fog of Law: Self-Defense, Inherence, and Incoherence in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter,' (2002) Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 25, p. 539; Franck, T.M., 'Who Killed Article 2(4)? or: Changing Norms Governing the Use of Force by States,' 64 (1970) American Journal of International Law, p. 809; Wright, Q., 'The Cuban Quarantine,' (1963) American Journal of International Law, 57, p. 546; Henkin, L., (1979) How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy, p. 295; McDougal, M.S., Feliciano, F.P., (1961) Law and Minimum World Public Order: The Legal Regulation of International Coercion, 67, p. 184. , 234; Schachter, O., 'The Right of States to Use Armed Force,' (1984) Michigan Law Review, 82, p. 1620; Derek Bowett, 'Reprisals Involving Recourse to Armed Force,' 66 American Journal of International Law 1, at 4 (1972) (mentioning that rejecting an anticipatory right is 'in this day and age, totally unrealistic and inconsistent with state practice'). For an insightful discussion on the concept of self-defense and its evolution in international law, see Emmanuel Roucounas (Rapporteur), 'Present Problems of the Use of Force in International Law', Sub-group on Self-defence, Institut de Droit International, 10th Commission (2007); also Chapter 5 section 1 on State Practice: Preemptive Self-Defense; Oscar Schachter, 'The Right of States to Use Armed Force,' (1984) Michigan Law Review, 82, p. 1620; Rothkopf, D., (2008) Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They are Making, p. 185; Kaveh L. Afrasiabi and Mustafa Kibaroglu, 'Negotiating Iran's Nuclear Populism,' 12 Brown Journal of World Affairs 255 (2005). Furthermore, Iran may honestly want to reduce its internal consumption of oil and gas in order to increase the export of its energy resources. Nuclear power has been projected by Iran as a way to modernize its economy and provide jobs for a rapidly growing workforce, see Amir Azaran, 'NPT, Where Art Thou? The Nonproliferation Treaty and Bargaining: Iran as a Case Study,' 6 Chicago Journal of International Law 415, at 417 (2005); Similar concerns were prevalent in Europe during the Cold War. There was a fear that if Europe denuclearized it would be reduced to the level of countries ridden with local Conflicts. See Lawrence Freedman, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy 286 (2003). See also Chapter 8; Chapter 5 section 4 on the Semi-Open Club of TNWS; The technical capacity to manufacture a relatively simple nuclear device is within the reach of about forty to fifty countries. Given the nuclear renaissance, and the promotion of nuclear energy as a means to decarbonize the economy, the technical capability of countries to produce nuclear weapons will grow. See Chapter 3; A great power is 'a state with a resource base and an internal political organization that enables its elite to clarify its global interests and, if necessary, to deploy significant force to protect them.' See Michael Reisman, 'Amending the UN Charter: The Art of the Feasible,' 88 American Society of International Law Proceedings 108, at 110 (1994); The risk management paradigm is prevalent in the finance and economic sector. See George Cooper, The Origin of Financial Crisis: Central Banks, Credit Bubbles and the Efficient Market Fallacy 4 (2008) ('In recent years this lopsided approach to monetary and fiscal policy has been further refined into what has been described as "a risk management paradigm", where policy makers attempt to get their retaliation in early by easing policy in anticipation of an economic slowdown, even before firm evidence of the slowdown has been accumulated. This strategy is best described as pre-emptive asymmetric monetary policy [emphasis added]'). On the global financial crisis and how precautionary reserves contributed to it, see 'Global Economic Imbalances: When a Flow Becomes a Flood,' Economist, Jan. 22, 2009 (while the vast precautionary reserves of developing countries are a prudent safeguard against a sudden crisis in foreign finance and a protection against the sudden flight of domestic savers, they contribute to global financial instability); The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, at 15 (Sept. 2002). See also National Security Strategy of the United States of America, at 28 (Mar. 2006); Reducing the number of civilian casualties in Afghanistan, for instance, would mean putting more Western soldiers on the ground and at risk; a risk not acceptable compared to risking the lives of the civilian population in Afghanistan. See 'Western Forces in Afghanistan, Unfriendly Fire,' Economist, June 23, 2007, at 51; also Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui, Unrestricted Warfare (Beijing: PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House, Feb. 1999) (referring to surgical strikes as a new method of warfare); Human dignity establishes a standard about the acceptable behavior of states, groups and individuals when competing worldviews vie for preponderance. Given that cultural relativism is still fashionable and it is used to suppress minorities, women and children, human dignity is the most important standard to uphold. The premise 'law should serve human beings,' as the goal of international law, transforms that law -from an instrument in the hands of some elites to a means for social change in the betterment of humanity. See Myres S. McDougal, Harold D. Lasswell and Lung-Chu Chen, Human Rights and World Public Order: The Basic Policies of an International Law of Human Dignity (1980); see also W. Michael Reisman, Siegfried Wiessner and Andrew R. Willard, 'The New Haven School: A Brief Introduction,' 32 Yale Journal of International Law 575, at 576-80 (2007); (2008) Global Trends 2025 A Transformed World, , United States National Intelligence Council (NIC); Henkin, L., 'The Use of Force: Law and US Policy,' in Right v. Might: International Law and the Use of Force, p. 37. , (Louis Henkin et al., eds., 1991). at 60; Corfu Channel Case (UK v. Albania), Apr. 9, 1949, (1949) ICJ Rep. 4, at 22; For example, the Monroe doctrine, the Reagan doctrine, the Bush doctrine. See generally Presidential Doctrines: National Security from Woodrow Wilson to George W. Bush (Robert P. Watson et al., eds., 2003); Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 'The Responsibility to Protect' (2001). The United Nations Secretary General KofiAnnan, in his report to the 2000 General Assembly, challenged the international community to develop a consensus on how nations are to intervene in the Affairs of other states. In September 2000, the government of Canada established the independent International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty to respond to that challenge. The commission built its report around the responsibility-to-protect principle. This principle holds that UN member states have a responsibility to protect the lives, liberty, and basic human rights of their citizens. If states fail or are unable to carry out the responsibility to protect their own citizens, the international community has a responsibility to intervene to do so; Bowett, D.W., 'International Incidents: New Genre or New Delusion?' (1987) Yale Journal of International Law, p. 386. , at 388; Chapter 5 section 3 on Global Justice and Nuclear Weapons; E.g., the Russian empire, the British empire or, more benevolently, Pax Americana, Pax Sinica; A precautionary society is extremely risk averse especially toward risks that threaten a certain standard of living or lifestyle. On the application of the precautionary principle/approach in environmental law, see Elli Louka, International Environmental Law: Fairness, Effectiveness and World Order 50-51 (2006). See also Chapter 4 section 4 on transparency, delegitimation, BPSP; Diamond, J.M., (2005) Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed},
correspondence_address1={Louka, E.; AlphabeticsUnited States},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9780857931085},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nucl. Weapons, Justice and the Law},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Liu2011188,
author={Liu, C. and Liu, J. and Uchida, K.},
title={Do independent boards effectively monitor management? Evidence from Japan during the financial crisis},
journal={Corporate Governance and the Global Financial Crisis},
year={2011},
pages={188-214},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511736599.010},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862798341&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511736599.010&partnerID=40&md5=1a7812bd7d7912070b1ef99e5005f336},
affiliation={Kyushu University, Japan},
abstract={The financial crisis that originated in the collapse of the US subprime loan market had a serious impact on the global economy; various companies in all industries experienced serious performance declines. For example, Toyota Motor Corp., a Japanese representative automobile manufacturer, fell into a negative operating income situation for the accounting year ended March 2009, reporting red ink for the first time since the end of World War II. Such serious performance decline engenders severe conflicts among corporate stakeholders. This chapter investigates whether outside directors effectively monitor management in the interest of shareholders. Specifically, the chapter examines the relationship between board independence, management turnover and dividend policy in Japan during the financial crisis. Corporate board structures recently have received much research attention. This increased attention is largely attributable to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), which mandates that the audit committees of listed companies comprise a majority of independent members. © Cambridge University Press 2011.},
references={Abe, Y., Chief executive turnover and firm performance in japan (1997) Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 11 (1), pp. 2-26; Allen, F., Zhao, M., The corporate governance model of japan: Shareholders are not rulers (2007) PKU Business Review, 36, pp. 98-102; Aoki, M., Toward an economic model of the japanese firm (1990) Journal of Economic Literature, 28 (1), pp. 1-27; Baba, N., Increased presence of foreign investors and dividend policy of japanese firms (2009) Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 17 (2), pp. 163-174; Baek, J.-S., Kang, J.-K., Park, K.S., Corporate governance and firm value: Evidence from the korean financial crisis (2004) Journal of Financial Economics, 71 (2), pp. 265-313; Bennedsen, M., Kongsted, H.C., Nielsen, K.M., The causal effect of board size in the performance of small and medium-sized firms (2008) Journal of Banking and Finance, 32 (6), pp. 1098-1109; Boone, A., Field, L., Karpoff, J., Raheja, C., The determinants of corporate board size and composition: An empirical analysis (2007) Journal of Financial Economics, 85 (1), pp. 66-101; Byrd, J.W., Hickman, K.A., Do outside directors monitor managers? Evidence from tender offer bids (1992) Journal of Financial Economics, 32 (2), pp. 195-221; Coles, J., Daniel, N., Naveen, L., Boards: Does one size fit all? (2008) Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2), pp. 329-356; DeAngelo, H., DeAngelo, L., Dividend policy and financial distress: An empirical investigation of troubled nyse firms (1990) Journal of Finance, 45 (5), pp. 1415-1431; Denis, D., Sarin, A., Ownership and board structure in publicly traded corporations (1999) Journal of Financial Economics, 52 (2), pp. 187-223; Dewenter, K.L., Warther, V.A., Dividends, asymmetric information, and agency conflicts: Evidence from a comparison of the dividend policies of japanese and u.s. firms (1998) Journal of Finance, 53 (3), pp. 879-904; Eisenberg, T., Sundgren, S., Wells, M., Larger board size and decreasing firm value in small firms (1998) Journal of Financial Economics, 48 (1), pp. 35-54; Fenn, G.W., Liang, N., Corporate payout policy and managerial stock incentives (2001) Journal of Financial Economics, 60 (1), pp. 45-72; Goyal, V.K., Park, C.W., Board leadership structure and ceo turnover (2002) Journal of Corporate Finance, 8 (1), pp. 49-66; Guest, P.M., The determinants of board size and composition: Evidence from the uk (2008) Journal of Corporate Finance, 14 (1), pp. 51-72; Hiraki, T., Inoue, H., Ito, A., Kuroki, F., Masuda, H., Corporate governance and firm value in japan: Evidence from 1985 to 1998 (2003) Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 11 (3), pp. 239-265; Ivashina, V., Scharfstein, D., Bank lending during the financial crisis of 2008 (2010) Journal of Financial Economics, 97 (3), pp. 319-338; Jensen, M., The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems (1993) Journal of Finance, 48 (3), pp. 831-880; Kang, J.-K., Shivdasani, A., Firm performance, corporate governance, and top executive turnover in japan (1995) Journal of Financial Economics, 38 (1), pp. 29-58; Kang, J.-K., Shivdasani, A., Corporate restructuring during performance declines in japan (1997) Journal of Financial Economics, 46 (1), pp. 29-65; Kaplan, S.N., Top executive rewards and firm performance: A comparison of japan and the united states (1994) Journal of Political Economy, 102 (3), pp. 510-546; Kaplan, S.N., Minton, B.A., Appointments of outsiders to japanese boards: Determinants and implications for managers (1994) Journal of Financial Economics, 36 (2), pp. 225-258; Kato, H., Lemmon, M., Luo, M., Schallheim, J., An empirical examination of the costs and benefits of executive stock options: Evidence from japan (2005) Journal of Financial Economics, 78 (2), pp. 435-461; Lambert, R.A., Lanen, W.N., Larcker, D.F., Executive stock option plans and corporate dividend policy (1989) Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 24 (4), pp. 409-425; La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Vishny, R.W., Agency problems and dividend policies around the world (2000) Journal of Finance, 55 (1), pp. 1-33; Lehn, K., Patro, S., Zhao, M., Determinants of the size and structure of corporate boards: 1935–2000 (2004) Working Paper, , University of Pittsburgh; Lemmon, M.L., Lins, K.V., Ownership structure, corporate governance, and firm value: Evidence from the east asian financial crisis (2003) Journal of Finance, 58 (4), pp. 1445-1468; Linck, J.S., Netter, J.F., Yang, T., The determinants of board structure (2008) Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2), pp. 308-328; Lipton, M., Lorsch, J., A modest proposal for improved corporate governance (1992) Business Lawyer, 48 (1), pp. 59-77; Mak, Y., Li, Y., Determinants of corporate ownership and board structure: Evidence from singapore (2001) Journal of Corporate Finance, 7 (3), pp. 231-256; Mitton, T., A cross-firm analysis of the impact of corporate governance on the east asian financial crisis (2002) Journal of Financial Economics, 64 (2), pp. 215-241; Miwa, Y., Ramseyer, J.M., Who appoints them, what do they do? Evidence on outside directors from japan (2005) Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 14 (2), pp. 299-337; Miyajima, Y., Nitta, K., Nihongata torishimariyakukai no tagenteki shinka: Sono ketteiyoin to performance koka (‘multilateral evolution of japanese corporate boards: Determinants and performance effects’) (2006) Working Paper 06–003, , Waseda University, Japan (in Japanese); Morck, R., Nakamura, M., Banks and corporate control in japan (1999) Journal of Finance, 54 (1), pp. 319-339; Morck, R., Nakamura, M., Shivdasani, A., Banks, ownership structure, and firm value in japan (2000) Journal of Business, 73 (4), pp. 539-567; Musteen, M., Datta, D.K., Kemmerer, B., Corporate reputation: Do board characteristics matter? (2010) British Journal of Management, 21 (2), pp. 498-510; Nogata, D., Uchida, K., Goto, N., Is corporate governance important for regulated firms shareholders? Evidence from japanese mergers and acquisitions’ (2011) Journal of Economics and Business, 63 (1), pp. 46-68; Perry, T., Shivdasani, A., Do boards affect performance? Evidence from corporate restructuring (2005) Journal of Business, 78 (4), pp. 1403-1431; Pinkowitz, L., Williamson, R., Bank power and cash holdings: Evidence from japan (2001) Review of Financial Studies, 14 (4), pp. 1059-1082; Rosenstein, S., Wyatt, J.G., Outside directors, board independence, and shareholder wealth (1990) Journal of Financial Economics, 26 (2), pp. 175-191; Ryan, H.E., Wiggins, R.A., Who is in whose pocket? Director compensation, board independence, and barriers to effective monitoring (2004) Journal of Financial Economics, 73 (3), pp. 497-524; Sheard, P., The main bank system and corporate monitoring and control in japan (1989) Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 11 (3), pp. 399-422; Uchida, K., Determinants of stock option use by japanese companies (2006) Review of Financial Economics, 15 (3), pp. 251-269; Uchida, K., Reduction in bank ownership and firm performance: Evidence from japan (2009) Working Paper 1460344, , SSRN; Uchida, K., Does corporate board downsizing increase shareholder value? Evidence from japan (2009) International Review of Economics and Finance, , press; Warner, J.B., Watts, R.L., Wruck, K.H., Stock prices and top management changes (1988) Journal of Financial Economics, 20, pp. 461-492; Weisbach, M.S., Outside directors and ceo turnover (1988) Journal of Financial Economics, 20, pp. 431-459; Yermack, D., Higher market valuations of companies with a small board of directors (1996) Journal of Financial Economics, 40 (2), pp. 185-212; Yoshimori, M., Whose company is it? The concept of the corporation in japan and the west (1995) Long Range Planning, 28 (4), pp. 33-44},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511736599; 9781107001879},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Corporate Gov. and the Global Financial Crisis: International Perspectives},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nogueira201147,
author={Nogueira, E.N.C.},
title={The offshore structures as one mecanism for displacement and tax planning in a global economics [As estruturas offshore como un mecanismo de planificación e deslocalización fiscal nunha economía globalizada]},
journal={Revista Galega de Economia},
year={2011},
volume={20},
number={2},
pages={47-84},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857180903&partnerID=40&md5=fc267d0d74b44a4fcdd8b3398f893a0a},
affiliation={Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain},
abstract={The main aim of this work is to estimate the tax differences through an international tax planning without and with an intervention of one Tax Heaven/Offshore International Financial Center (TH/OIFC). Advanced techniques for international tax planning will make it possible to use those offshore structures that are the best suited to each concrete situation.However, it is debatable whether this the best means for achieving economic development, as there is an abundance of legislation originating from international organisations hindering and restricting the activities of TH/OIFC.With a space age approaching, we reassert our hopes in the use of existing potentialities and those yet to be created, in order to overcome global asymmetries between "rich countries" and "poor countries", in an environment of peace, as war is contrary to civilisation.},
author_keywords={Global economics;  Offshore structures;  Tax heaven and offshore in-ternational financial center (TH/OIFC);  Tax planning},
keywords={economic development;  global economy;  offshore structure;  tax system},
references={Albi, E., González, M., Zubiri, I., (2000) Economía Pública II, , Barcelona: Ariel; Bendelow, E., International Trends in Offshore Trading Structures; The Off-shore World in the Next Millenium (2000) Conference Offshore 2000, , Lisboa; Chong, D., Far Eastern Tax Planning Structures (2000) Conference Offshore 2000, , Lis-boa; Chryso, D., International Asset Protection and Estate Planning (2000) Conference Off-shore 2000, , Lisboa; de la Dehesa, G., (2003) Globalización, desigualdad y pobreza, , Madrid: Alianza; de la Dehesa, G., (2007) Comprender la globalización, , Madrid: Alianza; de la Dehesa, G., (2010) La primera gran crisis financiera del siglo XXI, , Madrid: Alian-za; Eastaway, N., The UK in International Tax Planning (2000) Conference Offshore 2000, , Lisboa; Eitman, D., Stonehill, A., Moffet, M., (1994) Multinational Business Finance, , 7a ed. Edison Wesley; Ezquerro, T., (2001) Manual de fiscalidad internacional, , Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales; Gomes, M., (2004) Leis marítimas, , Almedina; Hampton, M., Abbott, J., (1999) Offshore Finance Centers And Tax Havens: The Rice of Global Capital, , Ichor Business Books; (2004) Anuário estatístico da Região Autónoma da Madeira, 2003, , INE; Leitão, L., (1993) Evasão e fraude fiscal internacional, , Lisboa: DGI; Levasser, M., Quintart, A., (1992) Finance, , 2a ed. Paris; (2003) Código do imposto sobre rendimento das pessoas colectivas (CIRC), , Livraria Almedina; (2004) Código do imposto sobre rendimento das pessoas colectivas (CIRC), , Anotado. Livraria Almedina; (2005) CIRC. Anotado, , Livraria Almedina; Lohman, S., Anti-Money Laudering Compliance, Practical Due Dilligence and Managing Exposure (2000) Conference Offshore 2000, , Lisboa; Musgrave, R., (1959) The Theory of Public Finance, , New York: MacGraw-Hill; Musgrave, R., Musgrave, P., (1989) Public Finance in Theory and Practice, , 5a ed. New York: MacGraw-Hill; Comentários relativos aos artigos do modelo de Convenção da OCDE destinada a evitar as duplas tributações em matéria de impostos sobre o rendimento e o capital (1977) Ciência e Técnica Fiscal, 351, pp. 319-408. , OCDE; Modelo de Convenção de dupla tributação sobre o rendimento e o capi-tal (1977) Ciência e Técnica Fiscal, 159. , OCDE, Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Fiscais; (1987) L'évasion et la fraude fiscale internacionales. Quatre études, , OCDE; (2000) Could Institutional Reform Have Saved Easter Island?, , OCDE; Porter, M., (1980) The Competitive Advantage of Nations, , New York: Free Press; (2003) Corporate Taxes, 2003-2004. Worldwide Summaries, , Pricewaterhouse Coopers, Wiley; (2005) Corporate Taxes, 2005-2006. Worldwide Summaries, , Pricewaterhouse Coopers, Wiley; Silva, J., (2005) Testamentos e herdanças, , 2a ed. Proteste; Spitz, B., (1999) Guía de paraísos fiscales, , Madrid: Harcourt; Torres, J., (2001) Legislação portuária, , Almedina; Varanda, N., (2003) Regulamento Geral das Capitanias, , Porto: Almedina; Vázquez Taín, M.A., (1998) La tributación del capital en una economía globalizada: Es-pecial referencia a la eficiencia en la asignación, , (Tese de doutoramento). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Villares, R., Bahamonde, A., (2001) El mundo contemporáneo: Siglos XIX y XX, , Ma-drid: Taurus; Xavier, A., (1993) Direito tributário internacional. Tributação das operações internacio-nais, , Coimbra: Almedina},
correspondence_address1={Nogueira, E. N. C.; Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain},
publisher={Universidade de Santiago de Compostela},
issn={11322799},
language={English; Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Galega Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{West201167,
author={West, J.},
title={The OECD and Asia: Worlds apart in today's globalization? [La OCDE y Asia: ¿dos mundos apartes en la globalización actual?]},
journal={Revista de Economia Mundial},
year={2011},
number={28},
pages={67-92},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054809336&partnerID=40&md5=4499ee5cfbcb22307d0919092e3bb5e3},
affiliation={Asian Development Bank Institute, Japan},
abstract={When the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was created half a century ago in 1961, its members accounted for the lion's share of the world economy and that remained the case for almost three decades. Major international developments occurred from the late 1980s like the end of the Cold War; and the return of stability, open markets and democracy to Latin America. But the OECD countries' global economic predominance was only really challenged by the rise of East Asia through its export-oriented growth strategies.The OECD responded to all these developments by inviting countries to join the Organisation and participate in outreach activities. But what is striking in this opening of the OECD membership is the lack of a visible presence of Asia and a growing "eurocentricity". The OECD's membership has grown by 10 countries (to 34) over the past 17 years, but only one of these new members (Korea) comes from Asia. Based on current trends, the OECD seems condemned to represent an ever declining share of the world economy. As the OECD enters its second half century, it is very much at a crossroads. This paper argues that for the OECD to be a more effective and legitimate player in global governance, it needs to make a major and immediate effort to recruit large Asian countries as members, even if it means adopting a more flexible approach to membership criteria and adapting the organisation. While Asia's leading economies would have much to gain from joining the OECD and accepting and committing to the Organisation's policy standards, the OECD has to recognize that the global financial crisis has brought the "Western brand" (which the OECD represents) into serious disrepute. This underlines the argument for greater flexibility with respect to membership criteria. As major beneficiaries of globalization, Asia's leading economies arguably have a responsibility to adopt more of the OECD's values-based culture in terms of good governance and transparency. Just as importantly Asia can contribute to this organizational culture which has always evolved and needs to evolve further. This would ultimately be beneficial to them and the global economy, and they would thereby become more responsible stakeholders in the global system.},
author_keywords={Asia;  International organisations;  International political economy;  International relations;  OECD},
references={(2008) Top 20 Emitting Countries By Total Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions For 2007, , http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_tp20.html, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Available online on; Clifton, J., Díaz-Fuentes, D., La Nueva política económica de la OCDE ante el cambio en la economía mundial (2011) Revista De Economía Mundial, p. 28; (2007) Cities In China, Gross Domestic Product Per Capita, , http://www.demographia.com/db-chinacitygdp.pdf, Demographia; (2009) Leaders' Statement, , G20, the Pittsburgh Summit, September 24-25; Gurria, A., (2008) Globalisation: A Learning Curve, , University of Sydney's International Forum, 8 August 2008; Gurria, A., Making the world economy work better (2007) OECD Observer, , http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/2294/Making_the_world_economy_work_better.html, No. 262, July 2007; Gurria, A., (2009) Message to OECD Forum 2009, , www.oecdforum.org, accessed 8 January 2010; Gurria, A., (2007) The Shifting Power Equation: Implications For Smaller Countries, , http://www.oecd.org/document/63/0,3343,en_2649_201185_38377151_1_1_1_1,00.html, Speech at "Avenir Suisse" Foundation Zürich, 6 March, 2007; (2010) World Economic Outlook Update, , IMF, 7 July 2010; Kellow, A., Carroll, P., Australia and the OECD (2011) Revista De Economía Mundial, p. 28; Lombardi, D., Woods, N., The politics of influence: An analysis of IMF surveillance (2008) Review of International Political Economy, 15 (5), pp. 711-739; Maddison, A., (2010) Historical Statistics For the World Economy: 1 to 2003 AD, , http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_03-2007.xls, Accessed on 6 August 2010; Martinez-Diaz, L., Ngaire, W., The G20 - the perils and opportunities of network governance for developing ccountries (2009) Briefing Paper. Global Economic Governance Programme, , www.globaleconomicgovernance.org; (2007) A General Procedure For Future Accessions, , www.oecd.org, OECD, adopted by the Council at its 1155th session of 10-13 May 2007), C(2007)31/FINAL, accessed 8 January 2010; (1960) Convention On the Organisation For Economic Cooperation and Development, , www.oecd.org, OECD, Paris, 14th December 1960; (1990) Meeting of the Council At Ministerial Level In May 1990, Communique, , http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/oecd/oecd90.htm, OECD; (1993) Meeting of the Council At Ministerial Level In May 1993, Communique, , http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/oecd/oecd93.htm, OECD; Peer review: An OECD tool for co-operation and change (2003), http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0103083E.PDF, OECD; (2006) Science Competencies For Tomorrow's World, , http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd53/39725224.pdf, OECD, Programme for International Student Assessment. 2006; (2007) The Marshall Plan: Lessons Learned For the 21st Century, , http://www.oecd.org/document/63/0,3343,en_21571361_38695295_41320319_1_1_1_1,00.html, OECD; (2008) On-Line Guide to OECD Intergovernmental Activity, , http://www2.oecd.org/OECDGROUPS2/Bodies/ListByNameView.aspx, OECD, accessed 23 September 2010); (2009) OECD Staff Profile Statistics 2009, , OECD; (2009) The OECD's Global Relations Programme 2009-10, , OECD; OECD enlargement and engagement with non-members (2010), www.oecd.org, OECD, - accessed 8 January 2010; (2010) Strategic Orientations By the Secretary-General, , http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=c/min(2010)1&doclanguage=en, OECD, Meeting of the Council at Ministerial Level, 27-28 May 2010; Sussangkarn, C., The Chiang Mai initiative multilateralization: Origin, development and outlook (2010) Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper; (2009) International Trade Statistics 2009, , www.wto.org, WTO; (2010) World Development Indicators 2010, , World Bank; Yoon, B.J., (2010) The IMF Bailout in Korea: A Socialist Poison, , http://mises.org/journals/scholar/asia.PDF},
correspondence_address1={West, J.; Asian Development Bank InstituteJapan; email: john-mangwest@gmail.com},
publisher={Universidad de Huelva},
issn={15760162},
language={English; Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Revista de Economia Mundial},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dunford201122,
author={Dunford, M. and Yeung, G.},
title={Towards global convergence: Emerging economies, the rise of China and western sunset?},
journal={European Urban and Regional Studies},
year={2011},
volume={18},
number={1},
pages={22-46},
doi={10.1177/0969776410382596},
note={cited By 38},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551563237&doi=10.1177%2f0969776410382596&partnerID=40&md5=a5002e995a594c6ef61fee36e59f8ad8},
affiliation={Key Laboratory of Sustainable Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QN, United Kingdom; National University of Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={The financial crisis indicates the underlying bankruptcy of the last of a series of attempts to restore sustained growth in advanced countries since the end of the post-war Golden Age: Italian flexible specialization, Japanese and Rhine-style lean production, the new economy and Anglo-American financialization. Over the same period a number of emerging economies and in particular China have sustained high rates of growth. In the years to come, developed country growth is likely to remain slow because no alternative high-growth model is on the horizon. A country such as China conversely has the potential to continue to grow relatively fast provided it can profoundly alter its model of development in ways that address global and national imbalances. If it and other large emerging economies do achieve further sustained growth, this will in effect reverse the gap created by industrial revolution, colonialism and imperialism. The aim of this paper is to explain the reasons for and the possibilities of such global convergence, paying particular attention to the reasons for and implications of the financial crisis and the extent to which China's fiscal stimulus contributes to a new model of Chinese development. © The Author(s) 2011.},
author_keywords={China;  convergence;  Europe;  financial crisis;  financialization;  North America;  sustainable development;  varieties of capitalism},
keywords={capitalism;  convergence;  economic development;  economic growth;  financial crisis;  global economy;  sustainable development, China;  Europe;  North America},
funding_details={Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic and Social Research Council, ESRC, ES/G020701/1},
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correspondence_address1={Dunford, M.; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, , Beijing, China; email: M.F.Dunford@sussex.ac.uk},
issn={09697764},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eur. Urban Reg. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huff201120,
author={Huff, G. and Angeles, L.},
title={Globalization, industrialization and urbanization in Pre-World War II Southeast Asia},
journal={Explorations in Economic History},
year={2011},
volume={48},
number={1},
pages={20-36},
doi={10.1016/j.eeh.2010.08.001},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650735272&doi=10.1016%2fj.eeh.2010.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=4d8aafd53602a4f8d69546c8f092056a},
affiliation={Pembroke College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1DW, United Kingdom; Department of Economics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RT, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article uses new data to analyze the impact on Southeast Asian urbanization of globalization and industrialization in the world economy's core countries between the 1870s and World War II. Dramatic falls in transport costs and free trade, enforced, if necessary, by colonial rule, combined to open vast frontier areas throughout Southeast Asia to global commerce and create a handful of large urban centres. These cities, through linking Southeast Asian primary commodity exporters to world markets, grew predominantly as part of the global economy. Our econometric analysis shows that measures of globalization - in particular industrial production in the world core and international transport costs - are much better predictors of the size of Southeast Asia's main cities than domestic factors such as total population, GDP per capita, land area or government expenditure. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Industrialization;  Lewis' grand Third World agenda;  N90;  N95;  Southeast Asia;  Urbanization},
funding_details={Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic and Social Research Council, ESRC, ES/G005389/1},
funding_details={British AcademyBritish Academy},
funding_text 1={This article originated in a paper for a session at the 2007 Economic History Association meeting in Austin. Thanks are due to session participants and to Campbell Leith, Jack Parr, David Weiman, two anonymous referees and the editor, Tim Leunig, for detailed comments on earlier versions of the paper. Research was carried out with a grant to Gregg Huff from the Southeast Asia Research Committee, British Academy which is gratefully acknowledged.},
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correspondence_address1={Huff, G.; Pembroke College, , Oxford OX1 1DW, United Kingdom; email: gregg.huff@pmb.ox.ac.uk},
issn={00144983},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Explor. Econ. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McCann201117,
author={McCann, P. and Acs, Z.J.},
title={Globalization: Countries, cities and multinationals},
journal={Regional Studies},
year={2011},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={17-32},
doi={10.1080/00343404.2010.505915},
note={cited By 148},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650482255&doi=10.1080%2f00343404.2010.505915&partnerID=40&md5=53ca551c18b48f02d676394448e5a1d4},
affiliation={Department of Economic Geography, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Economics, Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States},
abstract={Globalization: Countries, cities and multinationals, Regional Studies. This paper explores the relationship between the size of a country, the size of its cities, and the importance of economies of scale in the modern era of globalization. In order to do this, it integrates three different literatures, namely the literature on the optimal size of a country, the literature on historical processes of urbanization and the performance of cities, and the literature on the role of multinational firms in the global economy. Using an economic geography perspective, but looking at these issues through the lens of economic history, it is demonstrated that the importance of agglomeration effects, and in particular relationship between city size and the prosperity of the nation-state, has changed over the different eras of globalization. In earlier eras of globalization, the importance of agglomeration was represented by a fairly simple relationship between the scale of the city and the scale of country-empire, whereas during the inter-war years of the twentieth century, this relationship began to change and to evolve into a much more complex set of relationships that are seen today. In the modern era of globalization the role of multinational companies has become critical for the global connectivity of a city-region, and city-regions in turn are seen increasingly to drive national economies. For industrialized countries the size of a city is nowadays much less important than its level of global connectivity, whereas the size of the city is still dominant in newly industrializing countries. As such, the relationships between firms, cities, and countries have in many ways been largely reversed, thereby casting doubt on various institutional economic theories regarding the optimal size of a country. © 2011 Regional Studies Association.},
author_keywords={Cities;  Countries;  Globalization;  Multinational firms;  Scale},
keywords={agglomeration;  connectivity;  economic geography;  economy of scale;  globalization;  multinational enterprise;  nation state;  size effect},
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WORLD GAZETTEER (n.d.) World Gazetteer (available at)},
correspondence_address1={McCann, P.; Department of Economic Geography, , Groningen, Netherlands; email: p.mccann@rug.nl},
issn={00343404},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Reg. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Larson201132,
author={Larson, B.},
title={Capturing Indian bodies, hearths, and minds: The gendered politics of rural school reform in Bolivia, 1920s-1940s},
journal={Natives Making Nation: Gender, Indigeneity, and the State in the Andes},
year={2011},
volume={9780816506040},
pages={32-59},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350085993&partnerID=40&md5=cafd378a6824d95470cd53de60418e34},
affiliation={Stony Brook University, United States},
abstract={For a good while now, feminist scholars have illuminated the complicated gendered processes that accompanied modern state-building and development policies in twentieth-century Latin America. Just as modernizing a European nation's devised social policies to cope with an emerging mass society pressing new political claims and bringing social ills into close proximity of urban educated elites, so too did Latin America's liberal and populist states develop educational, immigration, and eugenic plans to manage their explosive demographic, social, and political problems associated with all the opportunities and ills of modernity. In the era of World War I, government reformers drew from biomedical and social ideas articulated in a transnational professional milieu and adapted them to suit their definition of national need or racial heritage. Latin America's varied postcolonial contexts therefore shaped and mediated the political and social significance, and outcome, of those reform efforts in the interwar era. According to Nancy Stepan, Brazil's reformism proved to be the vanguard of tropical medicine policies and sanitation sciences, whereas Argentina cast its fate with the eugenic process of whitening through aggressive immigration policies and military violence against its interior indian population (1991). The Mexican Revolution, by contrast, made its development policies progressive compared with those of Argentina and Brazil. The revolutionary rupture of its oligarchic liberal state permanently altered the ideological landscape and transformed the national state, making it more beholden to the country's laboring classes and anxious to bring them into the ambit of the populist state. This it largely accomplished through federal agencies of education, agrarian reform, and health under Cárdenas during the 1930s (Stepan 1991; Vaughan 1997). In the Andes, modernizing and reformist elites confronted a more difficult task. On the one hand, they lacked the institutional or ideological resources that neighboring nations enjoyed-Chile's relatively stable political system, Brazil's biomedical establishment, Argentina's immigration option, or Mexico's unifying revolutionary state apparatus-in order to mobilize their own societies for purposes of social control and economic development in an increasingly competitive global economy. On the other, Bolivia's creole reformers (that is, Spanish-speaking Bolivians of European descent who considered themselves to be progressive nationalists) were deeply preoccupied with the "dead weight" that their own racially heterogeneous, poor, and illiterate populations had placed on their modernizing and culturally homogenizing projects. As they gazed upon their interior landscapes of mountains, provincial potentates, and indians mired in feudal servitude or else erupting in episodic upheaval, creole elites often turned pessimistic about their nation's racial unfitness or diseased body politic (Arguedas 1909). Anxiety about the future progress of Andean society might then provoke deeper unease about modernity itself. Was Mexico's postrevolutionary paradigm of mestizaje (that is, racial- cultural fusion) to serve as the Andean template of integration, or did race mixture hasten nineteenth-century "degenerative processes" of racial and republican decline? How might the Andean nation-state uplift and integrate its indigenous populations while preempting a Mexican-styled social revolution? Might Andean scientists and health workers manage to engineer sanitary cities and healthy bodies, purged of disease, alcoholism, and other vices, without the kind of public health campaigns that Brazil boasted? No less urgent, if attempts to attract white European immigration to the Andes were proving to be a colossal failure, how might public education be made to civilize, moralize, and uplift the Andean nations? These questions vexed and divided creole elites (see de la Cadena 2000). Furthermore, as Nancy Stepan notes, tropes of economic and cultural progress could easily be reversed as "degeneration [became] the major metaphor of the day, with vice, crime, immigration, women's work, and the urban environment variously blamed as its cause" (1991:24). At any historical moment or place, social policy making might be motivated by a fragile calculus of optimism and pessimism, hope and fear-and never more so than in the Andes, where weak states and fractured elites competed with each other over regional/racial projects (as in the polarizing Lima/ Cuzco struggle in Peru), or where international conflicts or internal rural uprisings suddenly altered internal political balances (as in Bolivia after the 1899 indigenous uprisings or the Chaco War in the early 1930s). But sooner or later, modernizing states began to expand the notion of "public interest" to encompass realms once thought of as "private." As the old patriarchal and seigneurial order crumbled, peasants flooded into the cities, and urban laboring groups mounted all sorts of democratizing challenges, Latin America states and social reformers sought new modes of "population management," which could burrow into the intimate interior of the family. Nationalist ideologies quickly fastened on family, as they did on race, to promote cultural reforms designed to reproduce healthy, efficient, patriotic citizen-workers or peasants. Brazil and Mexico offer striking historical examples of strong corporatist states taking aggressive measures to "rationalize domesticity" in the service of broader political, economic, and eugenic projects. As Mary Kay Vaughan writes, "Public appropriation of reproductive activities such as education, hygiene and health care demanded new interactions between households and the public sphere: [and] the appointed household actor was the woman, the mother" (Vaughan 2000:196). State policies therefore fastened onto gender as both a precept and a tool in their attempts to subordinate popular households to the interests of national development, social order, and patriarchal power (see also Besse 1996; Dore 1997; Dore and Molyneux 2000; Klubock 1998; Mayer 2002; Rosemblatt 2000; Stephenson 1999; Weinstein 1996). There is no doubt that the new gendered policies had tangible, often beneficial, effects. Public health programs of disease control, the introduction of rural schools, and the regulation of work did improve living standards for certain social sectors and did empower women and children in new ways. But feminist scholarship has shown that the states' efforts to rationalize the household and, in Eileen Findlay's words, "impose decency" on the gendered body politic were hardly driven by emancipatory aims (Findlay 1999). On the contrary, progressive social reforms hoped to reconfigure gender inequality during Latin America's turbulent passage to industrial capitalism and corporatist state building. This paper explores the Bolivian state's halting efforts to burrow into the intimate spaces of the rural Aymara world in order to remake indians into productive peasants over the course of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Although the Bolivian state was riddled by partisan and ideological conflicts, and singularly impoverished and ineffectual in comparison to Mexico or Brazil, it managed to mount an extraordinary project of rural education, which ultimately came to target el hogar campesino (variously connoting peasant hearth, household, family) as the terminal point of the state's evolving "cultural revolution" in the countryside (the term "cultural revolution," although most often associated with Maoist reform is, here, borrowed from Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer's [1985] idea of the slow, contested process by which the modernizing state imposed a normative [hegemonic] order). Rural school reform was aimed at the cultural production of Bolivia's modern campesino class, but it was not simply about "incorporating indians into the national culture." It was equally driven by the need to fix racial, class, and gender hierarchies in ways that subordinated the indian peasantry to the state, especially as rural insurgents pounded on the gates of Bolivian cities in the 1930s and 1940s. Paying close attention to shifting social fields, I examine how the changing calculus of elite needs, aspirations, and fears shaped rural school reform, which became a crucial site for rearticulating gender and race categories in the process of educating campesinos. © 2005 The Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.},
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La Paz: Institute of Inter-American Affairs; Sider, G., When parrots learn to talk, and why they can't: Domination, deception, and self-deception in indian-white relations (1987) Comparative Studies in Society and History, 29, pp. 3-23; Silverblatt, I., (2004) Modern Inquisitions: Peru and the Colonial Origins of the Civilized World, , Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; Stepan, N., (1991) The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America, , Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press; Stephenson, M., (1999) Gender and Modernity in Andean Bolivia, , Austin: University of Texas Press; Stoler, A.L., (1996) Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things, , Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; Szasz, M., (1974) Education and the American Indian: The Road to Self-Determination, 1928-1973, , Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; Tamayo, F., (1988) Creación de Una Pedagogía Nacional, , [1910]. La Paz: Juventud; Indigenous women and community resistance: History and memory (1994) Women and Social Change in Latin America, pp. 151-183. , Taller Andino de Historia Oral [THOA] ed. Elizabeth Jelín, London: Zed Books; (1945) Record Group, 39 (824), pp. 3-145. , United States Record Administration., 401/, Adam to Secretary of State, March 1; Vaughan, M.K., (1997) Cultural Politics of Revolution: Teachers, Peasants, and Schools in Mexico, 1930-1940, , Tucson: University of Arizona Press; Vaughan, M.K., Modernizing patriarchy: State policies, rural households, and women in mexico, 1930-1940 (2000) Hidden Histories of Gender and the State in Latin America, pp. 194-214. , Elizabeth Dore and Maxine Molyneux, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; Weinstein, B., Remaking the worker at home and at play (1996) For Social Peace in Brazil: Industrialists and the Remaking of the Working Class in Sao Paulo, 1920-1964, pp. 219-249. , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press},
correspondence_address1={Larson, B.; Stony Brook UniversityUnited States},
publisher={University of Arizona Press},
isbn={9780816506040; 9780816530137},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Natives Mak. Nation: Gender, Indigeneity, and the State in the Andes},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ingalls2010160,
author={Ingalls, G.L. and Heard Jr., I.},
title={Developing a typology of African American neighborhoods in the American South: The case of charlotte},
journal={Charlotte, NC: The Global Evolution of a New South City},
year={2010},
pages={160-188},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905133037&partnerID=40&md5=707ac1a80537fa4085e71029359ff3ce},
affiliation={Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, United States},
abstract={African American neighborhoods of southern cities grew at a slower pace, from more varied spatial foundations, and under different social, economic, and historic conditions than did black neighborhoods in northern cities. While, at first glance, the present-day pattern of African American neighborhoods of southern cities such as Charlotte resembles that of their northern counterparts, beneath the surface lies a rich historical diversity. In this chapter we contend that the longer history of African American residential experience in southern cities offers a fertile research opportunity to understand how such communities are affected by the efforts of cities to position themselves within the developing global economy. Cities such as Charlotte provide a rich laboratory for exploring diversity in the residential experiences of African Americans in urban America. Our investigation in Charlotte suggests that the African American residential experience is not as one-dimensional as is often depicted in the literature. In fact, Charlotte offers a range of residential types, and we have developed a typology of African American residential areas based primarily on the timing of their initial development. We propose a typology of five African American residential types: In-Town Residential Concentrations, Rural Villages and Concentrations, Separate Villages (Rim Villages and Streetcar Suburbs), and more recent, Auto-Oriented Suburbs. All of these types saw their genesis during the period from immediately after the end of the Civil War until about 1920. In Charlotte black suburbs did not emerge until the late 1890s and early 1900s. However, all five neighborhood types underwent significant changes in spatial form and character as Charlotte and most of North Carolina experienced its own brand of economic (industrial) development around the turn of the centur y. A nd in Cha rlotte's current explosive urban g row th, generated in large measure by Charlotte's efforts to compete within a restructuring, internationalizing economy, these neighborhoods are seriously threatened. Beginning in the mid to late 1960s, most, but not all, of the African American neighborhoods in our typology witnessed significant changes induced by significant urban restructuring under way in Charlotte's urban core, some of its older suburbs, and its new suburbs exploding outward into surrounding rural areas. We describe each of these five types of pre-urban, pre-1965 African American neighborhoods, offer examples of each type taken from the present-day landscape of Charlotte, and describe the changes currently under way. © 2010 by University of Georgia Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Hartshorn, T.A., (1992) Interpreting the City: An Urban Geography, p. 289. , 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; Young, A.A., Social isolation, and concentration effects: William julius wilson revisited and re-applied (2003) Ethnic and Racial Studies, 26 (6), pp. 1073-1087; Rose, H.M., Are non-race specific policies the key to resolving the plight of the inner-city poor? (1988) Policy Studies Review, 7 (4), pp. 859-864; Wilson, W.J., (1980) The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions, , 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Wilson, W.J., (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass and Public Policy, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Wilson, W.J., (1996) When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor, , New York: Knopf; Massey, D.S., Denton, N.A., Suburbanization and segregation in U.S. Metropolitan areas (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (3), pp. 592-626; Jargowsky, P.A., Take the money and run: Economic segregation in U.S. Metropolitan areas (1996) American Sociological Review, 61 (5), pp. 984-998; Strait, J.B., The impact of compositional and redistributive forces on poverty concentration: The case of the atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region: 1980-1990 (2001) Urban Affairs Review, 37 (1), pp. 19-42; Silver, C., Moeser, J.V., (1995) The Separate City: Black Communities in the Urban South, 1940-1968, , Lexington: University Press of Kentucky; Rose, H.M., Social Processes in the City: Race and Urban Residential Choice, , Commission on College Geography, Resource Paper No. 61969; Rose, H.M., (1971) The Black Ghetto: A Spatial Behavioral Perspective, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Rose, H.M., (1976) Black Suburbanization: Access to Improved Quality of Life or Maintenance of the Status Quo?, , Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger; Darden, J.T., (1973) Afro-American in Pittsburgh, , Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Boos/Heath; Darden, J.T., Blacks and other racial minorities: The significance of color in inequality (1989) Urban Geography, 10 (6), pp. 562-577; Davis, G., Fred Donaldson, O., (1975) Blacks in the United States: A Geographic Perspective, , Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Ford, L., Griffin, E., Ghettoization of paradise (1979) Geographical Review, 69 (2), pp. 140-178; Groves, P., Muller, E., The evolution of black residential areas in late nineteenth century cities (1975) Journal of Historical Geography, 1 (2), pp. 169-191; Ward, D., (1971) Cities and Immigrants: A Geography of Change in Nineteenth Century America, , New York: Oxford University Press; Ward, D., (1989) Poverty, Ethnicity and the American City, 1840-1925: Changing Conceptions of the Slum and the Ghetto, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Rose, Black Suburbanization, pp. 14-15; Muller, P.O., (1981) Contemporary Suburban America, , New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; Muller, Contemporary Suburban America, p. 82; O'Hare, W., Frey, W., Booming, suburban, and black (1992) American Demographics, 14 (9), p. 30; Owens, M.L., Wright, D.J., The diversity of majority-black neighborhoods (1992) Rockefeller Institute Bulletin, p. 1. , Albany, N.Y.:; Pattillo, M., Extending the boundaries and definition of the ghetto (2003) Ethnic and Racial Studies, 26 (6), pp. 1046-1057; Hartshorn, Interpreting the City, p. 290; Aiken, C., A new type of black ghetto in the plantation south (1990) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 80 (2), pp. 223-246; Kellogg, J., Negro urban clusters in the postbellum south (1977) Geographical Review, 67 (2), pp. 310-321; Lee, D., Black districts in southeastern florida (1992) Geographical Review, 82 (4), pp. 375-387; Kellogg, Negro Urban Clusters in the Postbellum South, p. 311; Goldfield, D., (1982) Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980, p. 3. , Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press; Larsen, L.H., (1985) The Rise of the Urban South, p. 2. , Lexington: University Press of Kentucky; Gotham, K.F., Urban space, restrictive covenants and the origins of racial residential segregation in a U.S. City, 1900-50 (2000) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24 (3), pp. 616-633; Rose, H.M., Christian, C.M., Race and ethnicity: A competitive force in the evolution of American urban systems (1982) Modern Metropolitan Systems, , ed. Charles M. Christian and Robert A. Harper Columbus, Ohio: Merrill; Myrdal, G., (1944) An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, p. 88. , New York: Harper; Silver, Moeser, The Separate City, p. 188; Brownell, B.A., The urban South comes of age, 1900-1940 (1977) The City in Southern History: The Growth of Urbanization in the South, , ed. Blaine A. Brownell and David R. Goldfield Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat; Silver, Moeser, The Separate City, p. 6; http://sdc.state.nc.us, Data Services Unit, Office of State Budget and Management; Kellogg, J., The formation of black residential areas in lexington, Kentucky, 1865-1887 (1982) Journal of Southern History, 48 (1); Hanchett, T.W., (1993) Sorting Out the New South City: Charlotte and its Neighborhoods, , PhD diss., University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Wade, R.C., (1964) Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860, p. 275. , New York: Oxford University Press; Kellogg, Negro Urban Clusters in the Postbellum South, p. 311; Lee, D., Black districts in southeastern florida (1992) Geographical Review, 82 (4), p. 375; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, p. 3; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, p. 262; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, p. 262; Clark, K., (1965) Dark Ghetto: Dilemmas of Social Power, p. 22. , New York: Harper and Row; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, pp. 129-134; (1972) Census of Population and Housing: 1970 Census Tracts, Final Report Phc (1)-41, pp. 1-64. , Charlotte, N.C. smsa Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; (2002) Engaging the Private Sector in Hope VI, pp. 35-41. , Washington, D.C.: uli-The Urban Land Institute; Census of Population and Housing: 1970 Census Tracts, pp. 1-64; (2002) Census of Population and Housing: 2000 Census Tracts, Final Report Phc (1)-41, pp. 1-45. , Charlotte, N.C. smsa Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; (2006) Charlotte Neighborhood Quality of Life Study, , http://www.ui.uncc.edu, Metropolitan Studies Group, UNC Charlotte Urban Institute; Woodyard, C., Written testimony submitted to the U.S. House of representatives committee on financial services (2007) Subcommittee for Housing and Community Opportunity; (2002) Charlotte-Mecklenburg Landmarks Commission, , http://www.historiccharlotte.org/; Wyly, E.K., Hammel, D.J., Gentrification, segregation, and discrimination in the American urban system (2004) Environment and Planning A, 36 (7), pp. 1215-1241; Lee, D., Black districts in southeastern florida (1992) Geographical Review, 82 (4), pp. 375-387; Wade, Slavery in the Cities, p. 275; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, p. 285; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, pp. 43-45; Hanchett, Sorting Out the New South City, pp. 134-139},
correspondence_address1={Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, , Charlotte, United States},
publisher={University of Georgia Press},
isbn={9780820335612},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Charlotte, NC: The Global Evol. of a New Astralia. City},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kirton20101,
author={Kirton, J. and Larionova, M. and Savona, P.},
title={Making global economic governance effective: Hard and soft law institutions in a crowded world},
journal={Making Global Economic Governance Effective: Hard and Soft Law Institutions in a Crowded World},
year={2010},
pages={1-345},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900051771&partnerID=40&md5=329e302c13761be61e749b50d3012362},
affiliation={G8 Research Group, Munk Centre for International Studies, Trinity College, University of Toronto, Canada; International Organizations Research Institute, National Training Foundation, State University-Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; LUISS University, Rome, Italy},
abstract={Today's world is crowded with international laws and institutions that govern the global economy. This post-World War II accumulation of hard multilateral and soft plurilateral institutions by no means constitutes a comprehensive, coherent and effective system of global economic governance. As intensifying globalization thrusts many longstanding domestic issues onto the international stage, there is a growing need to create at the global level the more comprehensive, coherent and effective governance system that citizens have long taken for granted at home. This book offers the first comprehensive look at this critical question of international relations. It examines how, and how well, the multilateral organizations and the G8 are dealing with the central challenges facing the contemporary international community, how they have worked well and poorly together, and how they can work together more effectively to provide badly needed public goods. It is an ideal reference guide for anyone interested in institutions of global governance. © John Kirton, Marina Larionova and Paolo Savona 2010. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={G8 Research Group, Munk Centre for International Studies, Canada},
publisher={Ashgate Publishing Ltd},
isbn={9780754676713},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mak. Global Economic Gov. Effective: Hard and Soft Law Institutions in a Crowded World},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Hegde2010154,
author={Hegde, R.S.},
title={Eyeing new publics: Ceiling and the performance of civic visibility},
journal={Public Modalities: Rhetoric, Culture, Media, and The Shape of Public Life},
year={2010},
pages={154-172},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899614241&partnerID=40&md5=7dc4242745c4005c0f4496b205592ba0},
affiliation={New York University, United States},
abstract={Colonial legacies and the demands of the global economy have led to vast demographic movements of people in new directions and pathways. These new patterns of migration have stirred debates on border controls, and the implications are being felt in the rhythms of everyday life in various corners of the world. In these connections and collisions of people, issues of nationalism, identity, and belonging are brought into visibility in complex ways while at the same time creating new forms of invisibility. Infl ected by local politics, the subject of immigration is inevitably entangled with issues concerning religious, racial, and gendered identities. Sensationalized by the media, the scripting of immigration by different constituencies serves as a point of departure to address how cultural and social issues are drafted into public debate in the complex, transnational environment that we are in today. The growing presence of transnational Muslim communities in the West has sparked explosive discussions about the politics of citizenship and the integration of immigrants. New migrants articulate modes of civic participation and assert claims on nationhood that run counter to normative frames of public life. The patterns of Muslim migration in both Europe and the United States have to be situated within the current geopolitical context of war, terrorism, and the currents of neoliberal capitalism. The desire and effort to de fi ne the national body is accompanied by aggressive identifi cation of the nonassimilative Other. How do issues of Islam, especially with respect to gender, surface in the public realm of Western modernity? How does Islam test the limits of the secular, liberal state? How does the West perceive Islamic identity as a viable modality of public presence and engagement? How does this impact the enactment of citizenship and its performative possibilities available to Muslims in the West? The encounter between Islam and the West is routinely described in polarities that reinforce existing stereotypes of Muslims as antithetical to the rational subject of the West. Ahistorical explanations of the friction that ensues from these points of contact only serve to quarantine Muslims in a culturalist discourse which legitimizes their exclusion and exaggerates their Otherness. A politics of cultural avoidance, according to Nilüfer Göle, is no longer possible, yet there is a growing anxiety about "a perceived breakdown of boundaries, a loss of identity that accompanies the dynamics of this encounter and is leading to the reinforcement of national and religious identities."1 Over the years, Muslim women have been used strategically as a rationale for the exertion of benevolent power. A predictable, civilizational logic inevitably accompanies dominant Western discourse describing Islam's stance toward women. In particular, the dress codes of Muslim women have come to signify their subordinate status and lack of agency. The veil has been endowed with a formidable range of political and symbolic meaning, and the practice of veiling almost instantaneously marks the Muslim woman as a premodern subject by embedding her within a religious system that is portrayed as inherently illiberal and oppressive.2 The rhetoric about veiling, which has surfaced in various registers throughout European colonial history, is currently being reshaped and deployed within the context of global migration and the security state. This chapter will discuss the politics of the veil from the point of view of the limits that are enforced on the processes through which immigrants can engage modalities of public participation. These patterns of representation about Islamic communities and their presence in the Western liberal state force a reexamination of the presence of alterity in public life. In a time of transnational mobility and complex forms of national affi liation, the transparency of the public sphere cannot be assumed. By foregrounding the processes of public engagement, it is possible to understand how social worlds are reproduced and regulated. The manner in which questions are being raised about citizenship, integration, and community has serious consequences for democratic public engagement. The tensions between national master narratives and transnational cultural processes heighten the contested nature of public life in contemporary European society.3 When the topic of Muslim women appears in the media, cultural differences are cast in terms of a civilizational clash, and the gendered body of the Other surfaces only in terms of rescue. The narrative is typically of the enlightened West exerting its pastoral power to save the gendered body from a putative premodern and oppressive religious structure. A stand on the veil becomes an ideological "litmus test, " according to Joan Scott, who writes that "having an opinion about it serves to establish one's credentials on the heady topics of individualism, secularism, and the emancipation of women."4 Global diasporic movements have set a very complex transnational circuitry in motion through which various discourses about nation, belonging, citizenship, and community travel. This chapter specifi cally examines comments made by two British politicians about Islam and the veiling practices of Muslim women. The comments serve as a point of departure to elaborate on how questions of difference and religio-political issues are publicized in a global context, especially with respect to Muslim women. In late 2006, Jack Straw, a senior British politician, wrote a newspaper column that sparked intense discussion around the world. Straw confessed that he felt "uneasy talking to someone face-to-face who I could not see."5 This was immediately followed by a speech highly critical of multiculturalism by the then-prime minister Tony Blair, who admonished immigrants to adhere to the nation's "essential values."6 The column by Straw presents the actual demand to conform to performative conventions, and Blair's remarks about integration set the abstractions about the imagined community of the nation. Together they advance a discussion about the nature and form of publicness and its largely unquestioned universality. Michael Warner argues that there are "ambiguities, even contradictions" in the idea of the public and notes that as it extends "to new contexts and new media, new polities and new rhetorics, its meaning can be seen to change in ways that we have scarcely begun to appreciate."7 Responding to this challenge, this chapter discusses these questions: What do forms of publicity and public belonging mean in the transnational context when global Islamic communities are scripting new forms of public comportment and presence? What are the modalities of public engagement that are set into motion when actors with distinct cultural and political trajectories interact? Particularly, how are questions of modernity and tradition inserted into the discussion and managed both in terms of symbolic and material meaning?. © 2010 by The University of Alabama Press. All rights reseved.},
references={Göle, N., Islam in public: New visibilities and new imaginaries (2002) Public Culture, 14, p. 12; Ayotte, K.J., Husain, M.E., Securing Afghan women: Neocolonialiam, epistemic violence, and the rhetoric of the veil (2005) NWSA Journal, 17, pp. 112-133; Ezekiel, J., French dressing: Race, gender and the hijab story (2006) Feminist Studies, 32, pp. 256-278; Ware, V., Info-war and the politics of feminist curiosity: Exploring new frameworks for feminist intercultural studies (2006) Cultural Studies, 20, pp. 526-551; Appadurai, A., Breckenridge, C.A., Public modernity in India (1995) Consuming Modernity: Public Culture in Contemporary India, , ed. Carol A. Breckenridge (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press); Scott, J., (2007) Politics of the Veil, p. 17. , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Straw, J., (2006) I Want to Unveil My Views on An Important Issue, , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/06/ nveils106.xml, October 10, (accessed August 3, 2007); Blair, T., (2006) Full Text of Blair's Multiculturalism Speech, , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/08/ ublair208.xml, September 12, (accessed December 13, 2006); Warner, M., (2002) Publics and Counter Publics, p. 8. , New York: Zone Books; Williams, P.J., (2006) Keeping up Appearances, p. 9. , November 27; (2006) Muslims Must Feel British, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6110798.stm, November 2, (accessed November 10, 2008); Cowell, A., (2006) For Multiculturalist Britain, Uncomfortable New Clothes, , http://select.nytimes.com/, October 22, accessed August 2, 2007; Cowell, A., (2006) Blair Criticizes Full Islamic Veils as 'Mark of Separation, , http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/18/world/europe/18britain.html, October 18, accessed February 8, 2007; Göle, N., Islam resettling the european agenda? (2006) Public Culture, 18, p. 14; Johnston, P., (2006) Blair: Paying Religious Groups is a Mistake, , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/core/content/displayPrintable.jhmtl?xml, September 12, accessed December 13, 2006; Ong, A., (1999) Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality, , Durham: Duke University Press; Huntington, S.P., (2004) Who are We: The Challenges to America's National Identity, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Fraser, N., (2005) Transnationalizing the Public Sphere, , http://www.republicart.net/disc/publicum/fraser01_en.htm, March, accessed December 5, 2005; Asen, R., Brouwer, D.C., (2001) Counterpublics and the State, , eds., Albany: State University of New York Press; Sassen, S., (1999) Guests and Aliens, , New York: New Press; Gilroy, P., (2004) Postcolonial Melancholia, p. 148. , New York: Columbia University Press; Ahmed, L., (1993) Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Bush, L., (2001) Radio Address to the Nation, , http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/11/20011117.html, November 17, accessed June 15, 2005; Najmabadi, A., Gender and secularism of modernity: How can a muslim woman be French? (2006) Feminist Studies, 32, p. 244; Berlant, L., Warner, M., Sex in public (1998) Critical Inquiry, 24, p. 187; (2006) Davis in UK Apartheid Warning, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6052232.stm, October 15, accessed August 3, 2007; Abu-Lughod, L., Do muslim women really need saving? anthropological reflections on cultural relativism and its others (2002) American Anthropologist, 104, pp. 783-790; Bunting, M., (2006) Jack Straw Has Unleashed a Storm of Prejudice and Intensifi Ed Division, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,1890698,00.html, October 9, accessed August 2, 2007; Mitchell, T., Introduction (2000) Questions of Modernity, pp. xi. , ed. Timothy Mitchell (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press); Mamdani, M., (2005) Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War and the Roots of Terror, , New York: Doubleday; Chakrabarty, D., (2000) Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Scott, J., Feminist reverberations (2002) Differences, 13, p. 9; Moallem, M., (2005) Between Warrior Brother and Veiled Sister: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Politics of Patriarchy in Iran, p. 62. , Berkeley: University of California Press; Hanman, L., Haque, S., Veil Sales Surge Post Straw's Comment, , http://www.channe14.com/news/articles/society/religion/ veil+sales+surge+post+straw+comments/570367, accessed September 7, 2007; McDonald, M., Muslim women and the veil: Problems of image and voice in media representations (2006) Feminist Media Studies, 16, p. 19; Benhabib, S., (2002) The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Armstrong, K., (2006) My Years in a Habit Taught Me the Paradox of Veiling, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/oct/26/comment.politics1, October 26, accessed August 29, 2007; (2006) Remove Full Veils Urges Straw, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5411954.stm, October 6, accessed November 13, 2008},
correspondence_address1={Hegde, R.S.; New York UniversityUnited States},
publisher={The University of Alabama Press},
isbn={9780817355852},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pub. Modalities: Rhetoric, Culture, Media, and The Shape of Pub. Life},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sawalha20101,
author={Sawalha, A.},
title={Reconstructing Beirut: Memory and space in a postwar Arab city},
journal={Reconstructing Beirut: Memory and Space in a Postwar Arab City},
year={2010},
pages={1-176},
note={cited By 76},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898554798&partnerID=40&md5=8d5c40a64d4d879199ed9241cea343fa},
abstract={Once the cosmopolitan center of the Middle East, Beirut was devastated by the civil war that ran from 1975 to 1991, which dislocated many residents, disrupted normal municipal functions, and destroyed the vibrant downtown district. The aftermath of the war was an unstable situation Sawalha considers "a postwar state of emergency," even as the state strove to restore normalcy. This ethnography centers on various groups' responses to Beirut's large, privatized urban-renewal project that unfolded during this turbulent moment. At the core of the study is the theme of remembering space. The official process of rebuilding the city as a node in the global economy collided with local day-to-day concerns, and all arguments invariably inspired narratives of what happened before and during the war. Sawalha explains how Beirutis invoked their past experiences of specific sites to vie for the power to shape those sites in the future. Rather than focus on a single site, the ethnography crosses multiple urban sites and social groups, to survey varied groups with interests in particular spaces. The book contextualizes these spatial conflicts within the discourses of the city's historical accounts and the much-debated concept of heritage, voiced in academic writing, politics, and journalism. In the afterword, Sawalha links these conflicts to the social and political crises of early twenty-first-century Beirut. © 2010 by University of Texas Press. All rights reserved.},
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In Arabic; Werbner, R., (1998) Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power, , London: Zed Books; Williams, R., (1989) The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists, , London: Verso; Wilson, E., (1991) The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, the Control of Disorder, and Women, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Wright, G., (1991) Politics of Design in French Colonial Urbanism, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Yeoh, B., (1996) Contesting Space: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment in Colonial Singapore, , s. a, New York, Kuala Lumpur, and Singapore: Oxford University Press; Yiftachel, O., The dark side of modernism: Planning as control of an ethnic minority (1995) Postmodern Cities and Spaces, pp. 216-242. , Sophie Watson and Katherine Gibson, Malden, MA: Blackwell},
correspondence_address1={Sawalha, A.},
publisher={University of Texas Press},
isbn={9780292721876},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Reconstructing Beirut: Mem. and Space in a Postwar Arab City},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Payne20101,
author={Payne, B.J.},
title={Fishing a borderless sea: Environmental territorialism in the north Atlantic, 1818-1910},
journal={Fishing a Borderless Sea: Environmental Territorialism in the North Atlantic, 1818-1910},
year={2010},
pages={1-164},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898515906&partnerID=40&md5=2a75596f92343a45263f3563fd64a506},
abstract={Over the centuries, processing and distribution of products from land and sea has stimulated the growth of a global economy. In the broad sweep of world history, it may be hard to imagine a place for the meager little herring baitfish. Yet, as Brian Payne adeptly recounts, the baitfish trade was hotly contested in the Anglo-American world throughout the nineteenth century. Politicians called for wars, navies were dispatched with guns at the ready, vessels were seized at sea, and violence erupted at sea. Yet, the battle over baitfish was not simply a diplomatic or political affair. Fishermen from hundreds of villages along the coastline of Atlantic Canada and New England played essential roles in the construction of legal authority that granted or denied access to these profitable bait fisheries. Fishing a Borderless Sea illustrates how everyday laborers created a complex system of environmental stewardship that enabled them to control the local resources while also allowing them access into the larger global economy. © 2010 by Michigan State University Press. All Rights Reserved.},
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Campbell, and David Frank, Fredericton, NB: The Acadiensis Press; Samson, R., (1984) Fishermen and Merchants in Nineteenth Century Gaspé: The Fishermen-Dealers of William Hyman and Sons, , Ottawa: National Historic Parks and Site Branch, Parks Canada; Saunders, S.A., The maritime provinces and the reciprocity treaty (1934) Dalhousie Review, 14, pp. 22-43. , October; Saunders, S.A., The reciprocity treaty of 1854: A regional study (1936) Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science, 2, pp. 41-53. , February; Schwartz, M.A., NAFTA and the fragmentation of Canada (1998) American Review of Canadian Studies, 28 (1-2), pp. 11-28. , Spring/Summer; Scott, J.B., (1912) Argument of the Honorable Elihu Root on Behalf of the United States: before the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration Tribunal at the Hague, 1910, , ed. Washington, DC: The World Peace Foundation; See, S.W., (2001) The History of Canada, , Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Setser, V.G., (1937) The Commercial Reciprocity Policy of the United States, 1774-1829, , New York: Da Capo Press; Stacey, C.P., (1984) Canada and the Age of Conflict, 1, pp. 1867-1921. , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Steinberg, T., (1991) Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and the Waters of New England, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Stevenson, G., Canadian regionalism in continental perspective (1980) Journal of Canadian Studies, 15 (2), pp. 25-51. , Summer; Stewart, A.R., A regional approach for new england and the atlantic provinces (1966) Canadian Historical Association, Annual Report, pp. 187-191; Sturgis, J., The opposition to confederation in nova scotia, 1864-1868 (1990) The Causes of Canadian Confederation, , edited by Ged Martin. Fredericton, NB: Acadiensis Press; Swainger, J., (2000) The Canadian Department of Justice and the Completion of Confederation, 1867-78, , Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press; Tallman, R.D., Annexation in the maritimes? The butler mission to charlottetown (1973) Dalhousie Review, 53, pp. 97-112. , Spring; Tallman, R.D., (1971) Warships and Mackerel: The North Atlantic Fisheries in Canadian-American Relations, 1867-1877, , Ph.D. diss. University of Maine; Tennyson, B.D., Economic nationalism, confederation and Nova Scotia (1990) The Causes of Canadian Confederation, , edited by Ged Martin. Fredericton, NB: Acadiensis Press; Thompson, J.H., Randall, S.J., (1997) Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies, , 2nd ed. Athens: University of Georgia Press; Tulloch, J., The new england fishery and trade at canso, 1720-1744 (1997) How Deep is the Ocean? Historical Essays on Canada's Atlantic Fishery, , edited by James Candow and Carol Corbin. Sydney, NS: University College of Cape Breton Press; (1873) U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commission, , Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Vaughan, F., (2003) The Canadian Federalist Experiment: from Defiant Monarch to Reluctant Republic, , Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press; Vickers, D., (1994) Farmers and Fishermen: Two Centuries of Work in Essex County, Massachusetts, 1630-1850, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Vickers, D., (1995) Marine Resources and Human Societies in the North Atlantic Since 1500, , ed. St. John's, NF: Memorial University of New foundland; Vickers, D., The price of cod: A price index for cod, 1505-1892 (1996) Acadiensis, 25 (2), pp. 92-104. , Spring; Waite, P.B., (1962) The Life and Times of Confederation, 1864-1867: Politics, Newspapers and the Union of British North America, , 3rd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Wallace, F.W., (1955) Roving Fisherman: An Autobiography, Recounting Personal Experience in the Commercial Fishing Fleets and Fish Industry of Canada and the United States, 1911-1924, , Gardenvale, QC: Canadian Fishermen; Ward, J.M., (1976) Colonial Self-Government: The British Experience, 1759-1856, , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Webb, P., British squadrons in North American waters, 1783-1797 (1995) Northern Mariner, 5 (2), pp. 1-18. , April; Weber, M.L., (2002) From Abundance to Scarcity: A History of U.S. Marine Fisheries Policy, , Washington, DC: Island Press; Wells, K., (1986) The Fisheries of Prince Edward's Island, , Charlottetown, PEI: Ragweed Press; White, P.C.T., (1970) The Critical Years: American Foreign Policy, 1793-1823, , New York: Wiley; Winsor, F.A., (1997) The Newfoundland Bank Fishery: Government Policies and the Struggle to Improve Bank Fishing Crews' Working, Health, and Safety Conditions, 1876-1920, , Ph.D. diss. Memorial University of Newfoundland; Woodbury, C.L., (1880) The Relations of the Fisheries to the Discovery and Settlement of North America; Delivered before the New Hampshire Historical Society, at Concord, June, 1880, and the Massachusetts Fish and Game Protection Society, at Boston, 1880, , Boston: Alfred Mudge & Son, Printers; Van Woodward, C., (1968) The Comparative Approach to American History, , New York: Basic Books; Worster, D., (1979) Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s, , New York: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Payne, B.J.},
publisher={Michigan State University Press},
isbn={9780870138744},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fish. a Borderless Sea: Environ. Territorialism in the N. Atlantic, 1818-1910},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Allen201082,
author={Allen, J.S.},
title={Blackness, sexuality, and transnational desire: Initial notes toward a new research agenda},
journal={Black Sexualities: Probing Powers, Passions, Practices, and Policies},
year={2010},
pages={82-95},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898100364&partnerID=40&md5=b761d6431df77e81a2aaa4ea67408984},
affiliation={Yale University, United States},
abstract={The space economy of capitalism that exploits natural resources of poorer nations to maintain rich ones, rendering poor nations and their people both consumers and "the consumed" is not new, but it certainly has exploded in recent years in a process of multiple ruptures, ripples, and other movement that has come to be called globalization. Globalization and the movement and trade that results are certainly not new for Blacks. Paul Gilroy's (1993) Black Atlantic has become the representative text for the academic "movement" of Black or African diasporas, although it is certainly not its most well received, especially by scholars of the Atlantic below U.S. borders. In it, Gilroy traces ground that Pan-Africanists such as Martin R. Delany, Edward W. Blyden and W.E.B. Du Bois fi rst explored, describing an alternate public sphere that forms a community consciousness and solidarity that maintains identifi cation outside the national time/space in order to live inside, with a diff erence. The Caribbean region is an example, par excellence, of transnationalism. Having fi rst participated in the making of a global economy as colonial outposts of European imperialist expansion, which involved the violent depopulation of the indigenous people and the extraction of raw materials by kidnapped enslaved Africans (and later indentured Southeast Asians and Chinese), the region was a crucial node in the Triangle Trade between consumers in Europe and the consumed in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Today, owing to this history or paradigm, it is a central hub of movement among islands, other places in the Americas, and former European colonial masters-mostly in reverse. Scholars have turned to the transnational to name and conceptualize the rapid back and forth movement of individuals, groups, commodities, and ideas between and across national borders. This conceptual framing was concurrent with the explosion of literatures on globalization that attempt to name, in various ways, the massive expansion, lightning speed, and far reach of global capital that carries with it the cultural imperatives of its making. In her review essay of current works on nationalism, migration, and cultural production within the Black Atlantic world, "Politics Beyond Boundaries," Caribbean anthropologist Deborah Thomas (2000) repositions hegemonic discourses of movement that too often exclude Black subjects. According to Thomas, "hegemony and resistance, modernity and tradition, global and local, secular and sacred, nation and state are seen as fl uid relationships, as mutually constituting conceptual tools rather than oppositional categorization poles" (p. 266). Her concerns center on people's relationship to the state and linkages among persons across national boundaries. She expands this project in a recent anthology. However, only two chapters specifi cally address intersections among globalization, Blackness, and gender. Sexuality is much more inclusive a concept than the limited reading of "sexual orientation" or "preference," and the confl ation of the concept with homosexuality or with disease vectors. To talk about sexuality, therefore, is to talk not only about the everyday lived experience of the sexual(ized) body, but also about the imagination, desires, and intentions of the sexual(ized) subject. These are constructed by very particular confl uences of power/culture/history and are made daily by the individual within these grossly unequal webs of structuration. Support for further research and training will certainly make a measurable increase in the number of publications and will push considerably forward studies of sexuality, globalization, and blackness. One example of the way in which focused support for research projects has moved forward social theory and concomitant on-the-ground work is research on queer sexualities that has recently made important contributions to analyses on immigration, globalization and transnationalism. Various streams of theorization-globalization, queer, postcolonial, transnational- use a number of populations in Europe, the Americas, and especially South Asia as examples of cosmopolitanism and dynamism. The dearth of studies of African and African-descended subjects seems to suggest that Blacks do not move (except in the wake of cataclysmic factors such as famine, war, and natural disasters, for example-and then are only described as collateral to the disaster), despite realities of vigorous immigration patterns and a vigorous body of creative literature that documents and imagines those realities. Therefore, before we can trace relationships between the diasporic Black experience in the United States and new (im)migrations, we must unpack, briefl y, conceptual fl aws that result in a brand of scholarly refusal that presents Blackness as primordial, unchanging, and bound to the United States-thus, inimical to the notion of Black transnational participation in globalization. This refusal constitutes a sturdy barrier obstructing contextual and engaged research and theorization of current transformations of U.S. racial, gender, and sexual formations as a result of historical and rapidly expanding transnational fl ows of Black persons and notions of Blackness. Copyright © 2010 by Rutgers, The State University. All rights reserved.},
references={Alexander, M.J., Not just (any) body can be a citizen: The politics of law, sexuality, and postcoloniality in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas (1994) Feminist Review, 48, pp. 5-23; Allen, J.A., Venceremos? Sexuality, Gender and Black Self-making in Cuba, , Forthcoming. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Allen, J.A., The means of desire's production: Male sex workers in Cuba. Special Issue: Caribbeanist anthropologies at the crossroads: Revisiting themes, revising concepts (2007) Identities, 14 (1-2), pp. 82-202; Allen, J.A., Looking black at revolutionary Cuba special issue (2009) Cuba: Interpreting a Half Century of Revolution and Resistance of Latin American Perspectives, 164 (165), pp. 53-62; (2006) For All the Ways They Say We Are, No One is Illegal, , http://www.alp.org/statements/nooneisillegal.php, Audre Lorde Project Community Organizing Center for Lesbian Gay Bisexual Two Spirit and Transgender People of Color; Bashni, V., Global anti-blackness: Transnationalizing western immigration law, policy, and practice (2004) Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27, pp. 584-606; (1995) The Black Public Sphere: A Public Culture Book, , Black public sphere collective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Brown, J.N., (2005) Dropping Anchor, Setting Sail: Geographies of Race in Black Liverpool, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Clarke, K., Thomas, D., (2006) Globalization and Race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Cohen, C.J., Deviance as resistance: A new research agenda for the study of Black politics (2004) Dubois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 1 (1), pp. 27-45; Cruz-Malave, A., Manalansan, M., (2002) Queer Globalizations, , Eds. New York: New York University Press; D'Emilio, J., Capitalism and gay identity (1993) The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, pp. 467-476. , H. Abelove, M. Aina Barale & D. Halperin (Eds.), New York: Routledge; Ferguson, J., (2006) Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, , Durham: Duke University Press; Gilroy, P., (1993) Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Glazer, N., Moynihan, D.P., (1963) Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Hanchard, M., (1999) Orpheus and Power, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; James, J., (1999) Shadowboxing, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Kempadoo, K., (2004) Sexing the Caribbean: Gender, Race, and Sexual Labor, , New York: Routledge; Lowe, L., (1996) Immigrant Acts: on Asian American Cultural Politics, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Luibheid, E., Heteronormativity and immigration scholarship: A call for change, Thinking sex/thinking gender (2004) GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 10 (2), pp. 227-235; Manalansan, M.F., (2003) Global Divas: Filipino Gay Men in the Diaspora, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Manalansan, M.F., Queer intersections: Sexuality and gender in migration studies (2006) IMR, 40, pp. 224-249; Morrison, T., On the backs of blacks (1993) Time, pp. 21-57. , December 2; Pedraza, S., Women and migration: The social consequences of gender (1991) Annual Review of Sociology, 17, pp. 303-325; Petchesky, R.P., Sexual rights: Inventing a concept, mapping an international practice (2000) Framing the Sexual Subject: The Politics of Gender, Sexuality and Power, pp. 81-103. , R. Parker, R. Barbosa & P. Aggleton (Eds.), Berkeley: University of California Press; Pierre, J., Black immigrants in the United States and the "cultural narratives" of ethnicity (2004) Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 11, pp. 141-170; Povinelli, E.A., Chauncey, G., Thinking sexuality transnationally: An introduction (1999) GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, pp. 439-450; Puar, J.K., Circuits of queer mobility: Tourism, travel, and globalization (2002) GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 8 (1-2), pp. 101-137; Sedgwick, E.K., (1990) Epistemology of the Closet, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Silverstein, P.A., Immigrant racialization and the new savage slot: Race, migration, and immigration in the New Europe (2005) Annual Review of Anthropology, 34, pp. 363-384; Thomas, D.A., Politics beyond boundaries: A review essay of current works on nationalism, migration, and cultural production within the Black Atlantic world (2004) Identities, 11 (2), pp. 265-283; Wallace, M., (1999) Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman, , New York: Dial Press; Wekker, G., (2006) The Politics of Passion: Women's Sexual Culture in the Afro-Surinamese Diaspora, , New York: Columbia University Press; Wilderson, F., Gramsci's black Marx: Whither the slave in civil society? (2003) Social Identities, 9 (2), pp. 225-240},
correspondence_address1={Allen, J.S.; Yale UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Rutgers University Press},
isbn={9780813546018},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Black Sexualities: Probing Powers, Passions, Practices, and Policies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss20101,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={The global financial crisis: The role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)},
journal={U.S. Financial Crisis: Global Dimension and U.S. Policy Implications},
year={2010},
pages={1-8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896436897&partnerID=40&md5=a41e0aaf070b95826e9c7866cb87d48e},
abstract={This chapter discusses two potential roles the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may have in helping to resolve the current global financial crisis: (1) immediate crisis control through balance of payments lending to emerging market and less-developed countries and (2) increased surveillance of the global economy through better coordination with the international financial regulatory agencies. The current global financial crisis, which began with the downturn of the U.S. subprime housing market in 2007, is testing the ability of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in its role as the central international institution for oversight of the global monetary system. Though the IMF is unlikely to lend to the developed countries most affected by the crisis and must compete with other international financial institutions1 as a source of ideas and global macroeconomic policy coordination, the spillover effects of the crisis on emerging and less- developed economies gives the IMF an opportunity to reassert its role in the international economy on two key dimensions of the global financial crisis: (1) immediate crisis management and (2) long-term systemic reform of the international financial system. The role of the IMF has changed significantly since its founding in July 1944. Late in World War II, delegates from 44 nations gathered in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to discuss the postwar recovery of Europe and create a set of international institutions to resolve many of the economic issues-such as protectionist trade policies and unstable exchange rates-that had ravaged the international economy between the two world wars. As the global financial system has evolved over the decades, so has the IMF. From 1946 to 1973, the main purpose of the IMF was to manage the fixed system of international exchange rates agreed on at Bretton Woods. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce and all other member countries' currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. The IMF monitored the macroeconomic and exchange rate policies of member countries and helped countries overcome balance of payments crises with short-term loans that helped bring currencies back in line with their determined value. This system came to an abrupt end in 1973 when the United States floated its currency and subsequently introduced the modern system of floating exchange rates. Over the past three decades, floating exchange rates and financial globalization have contributed to, in addition to substantial wealth and high levels of growth for many countries, an international economy marred by exchange rate volatility and semi-frequent financial crises. The IMF adapted to the end of the fixed-exchange rate system by becoming the lender of last resort for countries afflicted by such crises. Current IMF operations and responsibilities can be grouped into three areas: surveillance, lending, and technical assistance. Surveillance involves monitoring economic and financial developments and providing policy advice to member countries. Lending entails the provision of financial resources under specified conditions to assist a country experiencing balance of payments difficulties. Technical assistance includes help on designing or improving the quality and effectiveness of domestic policy-making. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/cofer/eng/index.htm; Pineau, G., Dorruci, E., The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves European Central Bank, , March 2006; http://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/tad/extcred1.aspx; Oakley, D., Emerging Nations hit by growing debt fears (2008) Financial Times, , October 14; http://www.imf.org; IMF reaffirms role in the global economy (2008), Oxford Analytica October 15; Crisis, (2008) IMF Survey Online, , October 29; Truman, E., On What Terms is the IMF Worth Funding Peterson Institute for International Economics, , December 2008; As Contingency, IMF Aims to Double its Lendable Resources (2008) IMF Survey Magazine: Policy, , February 2; IMF talks to borrow $100 billion from Japan almost completed (2009) Japan Times, , February 4; Davis, B., IMF Considers Issuing Bonds to Raise Money (2009) Wall Street Journal, , February 1; Davis, B., International Groups Offer Latin America More Loans (2008) Wall Street Journal, , October 14; Crisis, (2008) Inter Press Service News Agency, , October 14; Moore, M., Asia Mounts its own Bank Bailout (2008) The Daily Telegraph, , October 15; Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the IMF (2006) An Evaluation of the IMF's Multilateral Surveillance, , September 1; Anderson, C., Future Role of IMF Debated As Financial Crisis Takes Toll (2008) IMF Survey Online, , October 16},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, M.A.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781607413547},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={U.S. Financ. Crisis: Global Dimens. and U.S. Policy Implic.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kracht201083,
author={Kracht, T. and Bethkenhagen, E.},
title={Globalization and demographic change - A new age for human resource management},
journal={Globalization 2.0: A Roadmap to the Future from Leading Minds},
year={2010},
pages={83-97},
doi={10.1007/978-3-642-01178-8_7},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84889990933&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-01178-8_7&partnerID=40&md5=86f72eecf9d71154fb0e286878bff73a},
abstract={What is currently happening is comparable with the discovery of America. Under the flag of happy-go-lucky modernisation, we set sail for India and we got to the One-World society where a deterritorialised socio-spatial order still remains unchartered - including its new transnational power games, ways of life and lifestyles, cultural landscapes, elite management, contrasts, cross-border social movements and ways of governance beyond the national state. In the meanwhile, we are all global players in some sense, according to the sociologist Ulrich Becker who described the phenomenon that had its first entry in an English dictionary under the term: globalization. If the discovery of America introduced modern times in historical and geographical terms, then globalization is a dramatic socio-economic break. It poses new tasks, particularly for the strategic management. It is a synonym for the integration of national economies into a shared global economy with intensive transnational trade-offs regarding goods and services, capital, knowledge, and people as well as the often-cited War for Talents. However, in contrast to the common perception, this is not merely the continuation of an internationalisation process, but instead a completely new phenomenon as national economies, societies, value systems as well as political regulation frameworks are deeply affected, if not erased. The key challenge for humankind will be the capability to manage global interdependence. This concise statement by Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, addresses the challenge of globalization faced by business management. The skill to influence new global connections and dependencies will be of absolute importance for modern HR management. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.},
references={Ulrich: sociologist Bertelsmann Foundation, , www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/cps/rde/xchg/SID-1A029D58-71360676/bst/hs. xsl/nachrichten_17266.htm, Becker; http://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/cps/rde/xchg/SID-90DA355D-431BF0D0/ bst_engl/hs.xsl/nachrichten_49895.htm; www.arbeitsagentur.de/zentraler-Content/Veroeffentlichungen/ Mobil-in-Europa/Mobil-Europa-Your-Job-in-Germany.pdf, Bundesagentur für Arbeit (German Labour Agency); BMW, , http://www.demographicchange.info/solutions.asp#bmw; , p. 7. , www.dbresearch.de/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_DE-PROD/PROD0000000000044180.pdf; www.diw.de/deutsch/99_42_1/30567.html#HDR1, (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin); Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, , www.prognos.com/Detailansicht.436+M599256dfc95.0.html, Ford, Henry; German Federal Statistical Office, p. 21. , www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/EN/Content/ Publikationen/SpecializedPublications/Population/GermanyPopulation2050,property= file.pdf; http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/ Presse/pm/2008/05/PD08_185_12711.psml; www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/ Publikationen/Quersch-nittsveroeffentlichungen/Datenreport/Downloads/ Datenreport2008Bevoelkerung,property=file.pdf, p. 18f; , p. 1144. , www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/ Publikationen/Quersch-nittsveroeffentlichungen/WirtschaftStatistik/Bevoelkerung/ NeuzuwandererDeutschland,property=file.pdf; www.iwkoeln.de, (Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft, Institute for the German Economy, Cologne); www.kfw.de/DE_Home/Research/KfW-Indika17/GermanPriv77/Ergeb-nisse_2006. jsp; www.maschinenmarkt.vogel.de/themenkanaele/mmmaintainer/management/ betreibermodelle/articles/51088/; , p. 31. , www4.kienbaum.de/shopweb/index.aspx?action=show_product_detail& product=151; , p. 4. , http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/0/39317132.pdf; Schwab, K., Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, p. 33. , www.wiwi.uni-augsburg.de/pdf/fast%20forward_07.03.08.pdf, Professor; www.prognos.com/fileadmin/pdf/publikationsdatenbank/ Prognos_Studie_Fachkraefte-migration.pdf, p. 23f; Bert: Economic Expert, , http://www.ruerup-altersvorsorge.de/; www.weforum.org},
correspondence_address1={Kracht, T., Gummersbach, Germany},
publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
isbn={9783642011771},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Globalization 2.0: A Roadmap to the Fut. from Lead. Minds},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Smith201024,
author={Smith, N.},
title={Remapping area knowledge},
journal={Remaking Area Studies: Teaching and Learning across Asia and the Pacific},
year={2010},
pages={24-40},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84055216446&partnerID=40&md5=f217d8294b5d59c85d2c5920fe1b86a0},
affiliation={Department of Anthropology and Geography, Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States; Center for Place, Culture and Politics, United States},
abstract={A good argument can be made that area studies emerged in the United States in part because of the weakness of that country?s academic geography by the 1940s. The instrumental need for knowledge of the postwar world, which largely drove the founding of area studies, was poorly served by U.S. geography. The situation was very different in Europe, where intellectuals fed institutions such as the Royal Geographical Society, the Societa Geografica Italiana, the Societe de Geographie de Paris, to name but three, and these societies were in turn the think tanks of national imperial ambition in the nineteenth and into the twentieth century. The reason for the weakness of U.S. geography is itself a long story that has to do with specific academic and national histories, but also the particular form U.S. global ambition took. It would be a diversion to relate that history here; suffice it to say that this helps to explain why area studies are such a specifically, if not exclusively, U.S. phenomenon. Part of my argument here is that questions of social geographical theory, which began to develop seriously only in the past three decades, now have a lot to offer toward the reconstitution of area knowledge. In a peculiar way, the situation today is reversed from that of, say, 1945: geographical theory is now strong and area studies finds itself in crisis. It is now conventional wisdom that since the 1970s the organization of the global political economy according to a system of national states has broken down. Whether captured under the rubric of ?globalization,? a ?borderless world,? or the ?end of the nation-state,? the common assumption is that national boundaries are far less potent obstacles to the movement of goods, capital, ideas, and people than in earlier times. This argument spans the political spectrum. Inspired in large part in the halls of financial capital as a corollary to global marketing, financial and currency deregulation, and the financialization of everyday life (c.f. O?Brien, 1992; Ohmae 1990, 1995), this argument also has more progressive variants that are just as influential (Castells 1996?1998; Virilio 1997; Hardt and Negri 2000). The reality however is much more complicated, and there is a complex relationship between three kinds of contemporary shifts: first, the restructuring of geographical space implied in claims of globalization or a borderless world; second, the restructuring of geographical scale that frames new patterns of spatial differentiation; and third, the powerful social flows that directly challenge inherited configurations of local, regional, national, and transnational boundaries. In short, received categories of area, whether defined at the national or continental scale, are no longer as stable as they may once have been, and the organization of area studies based on these categories?Asia Pacific Studies, African Studies, Latin American Studies, Russian Studies, etc.?is in turn destabilized. A desideratum of a rethought area knowledge therefore is a rethinking of the area categories according to which that knowledge is organized. This is not merely a methodological exercise or conceptual updating, but insofar as a new suite of areal categories ought to express real-world transformations, it will involve an examination of the ways in which the map of the world, at all scales, is being redrawn. We can put this argument more graphically. The relatively stable global system of national political economies, clumped into First, Second, and Third Worlds, that dominated the postwar period has clearly come apart. However passing and geographically partial, this system of states formed the organizing cartography for area studies. What counts as an area or even as a border around a certain area has been radically transformed. It is as if the whole global jigsaw puzzle was thrown in the air and we are currently trying to put the pieces back together again, conceptually as well as in practice. The rhetoric of globalization represents one such attempt to do precisely this. The problem is, of course, that the jigsaw pieces that went up during the economic and political crisis of the late 1960s to the 1980s are not the same pieces that came down. On the one hand, supra-national units?the European Union, Association of South East Asian Nations, North American Free Trade Agreement, etc.?have usurped some of the economic prerogatives of nation-states, while global para-state institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization have enjoyed increased power. On the other hand, the power of metropolitan areas in the global economy has also increased vis-a-vis nation-states. As the events of September 11th, 2001, and the subsequent wars against Afghanistan and Iraq suggest, these shifts are obviously quite uneven with some national states losing power to the global scale while others actually gain power. By the same token some cities have prospered in the new globalism while others have lost out. To understand the scope and significance of these developments vis-a-vis transnational flows of goods, capital, ideas, and people, and the constitutive effects of these flows vis-a-vis different areas, it is vital to get a sense of the broader outlines of these shifts. In the first place, it is important to understand the ways in which social flows are implicated in the making of geographical space. Second, it is important to know how spatial differences are dissolved and reconstructed, and this involves centrally the making of geographical scale. Put differently, how do certain kinds of areas and borders get constructed, others eroded, still others reconstructed in the context of specific, shifting, and intensified transnational flows associated with a new globalism? An examination of the processes involved in making this new global geography provides a vital foundation for rethinking how area knowledge in turn should be formulated. There is of course a whole raft of other kinds of critiques of traditional area studies, ranging from its U.S.-centric origins, its political collaboration (also uneven and not total) with the interests of the U.S. state and capital, its exclusion of the objects of knowledge who are prevented from becoming its subjects, and so forth, but in this essay I focus on the specifically spatial critique of area studies, preferring to think in terms of the reconstruction of ?area knowledge.? I use this language to begin to focus on some of the new conceptual departures that need to be made from the established institutional framework of area studies. As such, this argument draws heavily on the exciting new theoretical work that has revivified geography, broadly conceived, over the past two or three decades. By the same token, and so as not to create false expectations, there is no magic answer that emerges from geographic theory for how to reconstruct the areal categories of area knowledge. But it does provide a rigorous perspective and alert us to many false assumptions that lie embedded in our current division of the world into area specialties. © 2010 by University of Hawai'i Press. All Rights Reserved.},
references={Appadurai, A., Globalization and the research imagination (1999) International Social Science Journal, 160, pp. 229-238; Arrighi, G., The three hegemonies of historical capitalism (1993) Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, pp. 148-185. , Edited by Stephen Gill, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Brenner, R., Turbulence in the world economy (1999) Challenge, 24 (3); Castells, M., (1996) The Information Age: Economy. Society, and Culture. Three Volumes. Oxford and Malden, , Mass.: Blackwell Publishers; Dalby, S., Critical geopolitics: Difference, discourse and dissent (1991) Environment. and Planning D Society and Space, 9 (3), pp. 261-283; Diamond, J., (1997) Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W. Norton.; Eagleton, T., (1997) The Illusions of Postmodernism, , Oxford: Blackwell; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2000) Empire, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Katz, C., Smith, N., Grounding metaphor: Towards a spatialized politics (1993) Place and the Politics of Identity, pp. 67-83. , edited by Michael Keith and Steve Pile. London:Routledge; Kern, S., (1983) The Culture of Time and Space 1880-1918, , Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; Landes, D., (1998) The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, , New York: W. W. Norton and Company; Lefebvre, H., (1991) The Production of Space Translated by Donald Nicholson- Smith, , Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers; (2002) Critique of Everyday Life, Volume II: Foundations for A Sociology of the Everyday, , Translated by John Moore. London and New York: Verso; O'Brien, R., (1992) Global Financial Integration: The End of Geography, , London: Pinter Publishers; Ohmae, K., (1990) The Borderless World, , London: Collins; (1995) The End of the Nation-State: The Rise of Regional Economies, , New York: The Free Press; Smith, N., Homeless/global: Scaling places (1993) Mapping the Futures. Local Cultures, Global Change, , Edited by Jon Bird et al., 87-119. London: Routledge; American empire: Roosevelt's geographer and the prelude to globalization (2003) California Studies in Critical Human Geography Number 9, , Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; Swyngedouw, E., Neither global nor local: 'Glocalisation' and the politics of scale (1997) Spaces of Globalization, pp. 137-166. , Edited by K. Cox. New York: Guilford Press; Virilio, P., (1997) Open Sky, , New York: Verso},
correspondence_address1={Smith, N.; Department of Anthropology and Geography, United States},
publisher={University of Hawai'i Press},
isbn={9780824833213},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Remaking Area Studies: Teach. and Lrng. across Asia and the Pac.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Römhild201023,
author={Römhild, R.},
title={Precariousness and creativity in Europe. The social erosion of the nation state and the mobilisation of social practice in a political anthropological perspective [Prekarität und kreativität in Europa. Die soziale erosion des nationalstaats und die mobilisierung sozialer praxis in der perspektive einer politischen anthropologie]},
journal={Zeitschrift fur Volkskunde},
year={2010},
volume={106},
number={1},
pages={23-44},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959364782&partnerID=40&md5=46fae22bfdedd08c33afac00d140ac7d},
affiliation={Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Mohrenstraße 41, D-10117 Berlin, Germany},
abstract={This article seeks to Europeanise and to "anthropologise" the current debate on precariousness: a debate which is, predominantly, led under the premise of the (Western European) nation state, and its concepts of a national solidarity among national subjects with national rights to citizenship. By contrast, and by drawing on ethnographic research in Belgrade, the article argues towards a transcendent perspective focussing on the increasing interdependencies, and in that sense, the emerging "assemblages" of local, national, transnational, and global economies, politics, and social practices within and beyond the shifting borders of the European Union. What tends to be overseen at the "centre" becomes obvious at the "periphery" of the New Europe: the fundamental precarisation of the relationship between citizen and state, due to multiple pressures on the nation state: from being exposed to political Europeanisation and neoliberal economic globalization to being globalized "from below" by way of transnational migration. In Belgrade, i. e. in one of the new nation states of the post-socialist, post-war fringes of the shifting EU borders, the social erosion of the nation state and the resulting precariousness is not a marginal feature but the central common ground of social practice among all subjects involved, be they "proper" citizens with a national passport, internally displaced persons of the former Yugoslavian state, or migrants with an "illegal" status. In this comparatively advanced context of a fluid, dispersed state power, citizenship is no longer granted an exclusive privilege but subject to creative and collaborative forms of social self-organisation, including migration as a major tactic of realizing a transnational, "flexible citizenship" across the borders of increasing European and global inequalities. Rather than being restricted to the "periphery", this ethnographic view from the margins may well contribute to a broader understanding of social precariousness: as a general symptom of the current transformation of nationhood and statehood.},
references={Bojadzijev, M., Najkraci put u svet - Der kürzeste Weg in die Welt. Migration, Bürgerrechte und die EU in den Staaten des ehemaligen Jugoslawien (2007) Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven Auf Migration An Den Rändern Europas, pp. 89-108. , Transit Migration Forschungsgruppe (Hrsg.): Bielefeld; Blok 70 Sound Journal Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven Auf Migration An Den Rändern Europas, pp. 109-122. , Ultra-red; Römhild, R., Alte Träume, neue Praktiken. Migration und Kosmopolitismus an den Grenzen Europas Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven Auf Migration An Den Rändern Europas, pp. 217-233; Römhild, R., Migranten als Avantgarde? (2008) Blätter für Deutsche und Internationale Politik, 52 (5), pp. 618-624; Römhild, R., Aus der Perspektive der Migration: Die Kosmopolitisierung Europas (2009) No Integration?! Kulturwissenschaftliche Beiträge Zur Integrationsdebatte in Europa, , Jana Binder, Sabine Hess, Johannes Moser (Hrsg.): Bielefeld; Andrijasevic, R., Das zur Schau gestellte Elend. Gender, Migration und Repräsentation in Kampagnen gegen Menschenhandel Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven Auf Migration An Den Rändern Europas, pp. 123-144. , Transit Migration Forschungsgruppe; Römhild, R., Turbulente Ränder. Ethnographische Einsichten in die bewegten Grenzen Europas (2007) Europa und Seine Fremden. Die Gestaltung Kultureller Vielfalt Als Herausforderung, p. 131. , Reinhard Johler u. a. (Hrsg.): Bielefeld; Hess, S., Karakayali, S., New Governance oder Die imperiale Kunst des Regierens. Asyldiskurs und Menschenrechtsdispositiv im neuen EU-Migrationsmanagement Turbulente Ränder. Neue Perspektiven Auf Migration An Den Rändern Europas, pp. 41-58. , Transit Migration Forschungsgruppe; Sassen, S., (2008) Das Paradox des Nationalen. Territorium, Autorität und Rechte Im Globalen Zeitalter, p. 9. , Frankfurt a. Main; Beck, U., Sznaider, N., Unpacking Cosmopolitanism for the Social Sciences (2006) The British Journal of Sociology, 57 (1), pp. 1-24; Beck, U., Grande, E., (2004) Das Kosmopolitische Europa, , Frankfurt a. Main; Welz, G., Ethnografien europäischer Modernen (2005) Ort. Arbeit. Körper. Ethnografie Europäischer Modernen, pp. 19-31. , Beate Binder u.a. (Hrsg.): Münster u. a; Welz, G., Lottermann, A., (2009) Projekte der Europäisierung. Kulturanthropologische Forschungsperspektiven, , Frankfurt a. Main; Trouillot, M.-R., The Anthropology of the State in the Age of Globalization. Close Encounters of the Deceptive Kind (2001) Current Anthropology, 42 (1), pp. 125-133; Götz, I., Lemberger, B., (2009) Prekär Arbeiten, Prekär Leben. Kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven Auf Ein Gesellschaftliches Phänomen, , Frankfurt a. Main, New York; Bröckling, U., (2007) Das Unternehmerische Selbst. Soziologie Einer Subjektivierungsform, , Frankfurt a. Main; Lessenich, S., (2008) Die Neuerfindung des Sozialen. Der Sozialstaat Im Flexiblen Kapitalismus, p. 73. , Bielefeld; Bittner, R., Postsozialistisches Markttreiben - Überlebensökonomien im transnationalen Raum Prekär Arbeiten, Prekär Leben. Kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven Auf Ein Gesellschaftliches Phänomen, p. 246. , I. Götz, B. Lemberger; Boltanski, L., Chiapello, E., (2003) Der Neue Geist des Kapitalismus, , Konstanz; Sassen, S., Immigrants and citizens in the global city (2005) Projekt Migration, pp. 630-637. , Kölnischer Kunstverein u.a. (Hrsg.): Köln; Marshall, T.H., (1992) Bürgerrechte und Soziale Klassen. Zur Soziologie des Wohlfahrtsstaats, pp. 33-94. , Frankfurt a. Main u. a; Poferl, A., Solidarität ohne Grenzen? Probleme sozialer Ungleichheit und Teilhabe in europäischer Perspektive (2006) Die Europäisierung Sozialer Ungleichheit. Zur Transnationalen Klassen- und Sozialstrukturanalyse, p. 235. , Martin Heidenreich (Hrsg.): Frankfurt a. Main u. a; Francis, E., (1965) Ethnos und Demos. Soziologische Beiträge Zur Volkstheorie, , Berlin; Appadurai, A., (2008) Die Geographie des Zorns, , Frankfurt a. Main; Wolf, E.R., Gefährliche Ideen: Rasse, Kultur, Ethnizität (1993) Historische Anthropologie, 1 (3), pp. 331-346; Benhabib, S., (2008) Die Rechte der Anderen. Ausländer, Migranten, Bürger, , Frankfurt a. Main; Kaldor, M., (2000) Neue und Alte Kriege: Organisierte Gewalt Im Zeitalter der Globalisierung, , Frankfurt a. Main; Castel, R., Dörre, K., Einleitung (2009) Prekarität, Abstieg, Ausgrenzung. Die Soziale Frage Am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, p. 17. , Dies. (Hrsg.): Frankfurt a. Main u. a; Hürtgen, S., Prekarität als Normalität. Von der Festanstellung zur permanenten Erwerbsunsicherheit (2008) Blätter für Deutsche und Internationale Politik, (4), pp. 113-119; Günter Voß, G., Pongratz, H.J., Der Arbeitskraftunternehmer. Eine neue Grundform der Ware Arbeitskraft? (1998) Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, (1), pp. 131-158; Katschnig-Fasch, E., (2003) Das Ganz Alltägliche Elend. Begegnungen Im Schatten des Neoliberalismus, , Wien; Bourdieu, P., Prekarität ist überall (1998) Gegenfeuer. Wortmeldungen Im Dienst des Widerstands Gegen Die Neoliberale Invasion, pp. 96-102. , Ders.: Konstanz; Bourdieu, P., (1997) Das Elend der Welt. Zeugnisse und Diagnosen Alltäglichen Leidens An der Gesellschaft, , Konstanz; Bojadzijev, M., (2008) Die Windige Internationale. Rassismus und Kämpfe der Migration, , Münster; Wacquant, L., Die Wiederkehr des Verdrängten - Unruhen, "Rasse" und soziale Spaltung in drei fortgeschrittenen Gesellschaften Prekarität, Abstieg, Ausgrenzung. Die Soziale Frage Am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, pp. 85-112. , R. Castel, K. Dörre; Römhild, R., Vertovec, S., Borberg, K., "Frankfurt vernetzt". Vernetzungs-und Vielfaltspolitik in Frankfurt am Main (2009) Entwurf Eines Integrations- und Diversitätskonzepts für Die Stadt Frankfurt Am Main, pp. 21-82. , http://www.mmg.mpg.de/documents/Integrationskonzept.pdf, Stadt Frankfurt am Main - Dezernat Integration (Hrsg.): Frankfurt a. Main; Soysal, Y.N., (1995) Limits of Citizenship. Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, , Chicago; Goldring, L., Power and Status in Transnational Social Spaces (1997) Transnationale Migration, pp. 179-196. , Ludger Pries (Hrsg.): Baden-Baden; Hess, S., (2005) Globalisierte Hausarbeit. Au-pair Als Migrationsstrategie Von Frauen Aus Osteuropa, , Wiesbaden: VS; Lenz, R., Hess, S., Das Comeback der Dienstmädchen. Zwei ethnographische Fallstudien in Deutschland und Zypern über die neuen Arbeitgeberinnen im Privathaushalt (2001) Geschlecht und Globalisierung. Ein Kulturwissenschaftlicher Streifzug Durch Transnationale Räume, pp. 128-165. , Dies. (Hrsg.): Königstein im Taunus; Nowicka, M., Zielinska, M., Selbständigkeit und Firmengründung - Zur neuen sozialen Lage der polnischen Migranten in München (2007) Von Polen Nach Deutschland und Zurück. Die Arbeitsmigration und Ihre Herausforderungen für Europa, , Magdalena Novicka (Hrsg.): Bielefeld; Beck, U., Poferl, A., Große Armut, Großer Reichtum: Zur Transnationalisierung Sozialer Ungleichheiten, , Frankfurt a. Main (im Erscheinen); Berger, P., Weiß, A., (2008) Transnationalisierung Sozialer Ungleichheit, , Wiesbaden; Heidenreich, M., (2006) Die Europäisierung Sozialer Ungleichheit. Zur Transnationalen Klassen- und Sozialstrukturanalyse, , Frankfurt a. Main u. a; Held, D., Globale Ungleichheiten (2007) Generation Global. Ein Crashkurs, pp. 95-119. , Ulrich Beck (Hrsg.): Frankfurt a. Main; Beck, U., (2008) Die Neuvermessung der Ungleichheit Unter Den Menschen, p. 11. , Frankfurt a. Main; Delhey, J., Kohler, U., Europäisierung sozialer Ungleichheit. Die Perspektive der Referenzgruppen-Forschung Die Europäisierung Sozialer Ungleichheit. Zur Transnationalen Klassen- und Sozialstrukturanalyse, pp. 339-358. , M. Heidenreich; Appadurai, A., (1996) Modernity at Large. Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, p. 3. , Minneapolis; Warneken, B.J., (2006) Die Ethnographie Popularer Kulturen. Eine Einführung, , Wien u. a; Von Osten, M., (2002) Be Creative! Der Kreative Imperativ: Anleitung, , Zürich; Von Osten, M., (2003) Norm der Abweichung, , Zürich; Althaus, B., Kreativität. Eine Rückrufaktion (2008) Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften, 1; Karamustafa, G., Objects of Desire - A Suitcase Trade (100 Dollars Limit) (2001) Geschlecht und Globalisierung, pp. 166-181. , Sabine Hess, Ramona Lenz (Hrsg.): Königstein; Ong, A., (1999) Flexible Citizenship. The Cultural Logics of Transnationality, , Durham; Tsing, A.L., (2005) Friction. An Ethnography of Global Connection, , Princeton u. a; Anderson, B., (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and the Spread of Nationalism, , London; Gellner, E., (1991) Nationalismus und Moderne, , Berlin; (1983) Nationalismus und Moderne},
correspondence_address1={Römhild, R.; Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Mohrenstraße 41, D-10117 Berlin, Germany},
issn={00443700},
language={German},
abbrev_source_title={Z. Volkskd.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vlcek2010429,
author={Vlcek, W.},
title={Alongside global political economy - A rhizome of informal finance},
journal={Journal of International Relations and Development},
year={2010},
volume={13},
number={4},
pages={429-451},
doi={10.1057/jird.2010.17},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78349301127&doi=10.1057%2fjird.2010.17&partnerID=40&md5=30784396d02047fd650146445fb4b521},
affiliation={School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AX, United Kingdom},
abstract={One contemporary issue confronting global finance is the nature and extent of its participation in and contribution to a global war on terror. To date, efforts have involved a variety of methods, including both an increase in the surveillance of financial transactions and the regulation of previously unregulated methods of financial exchange. This paper offers a conceptualisation of one informal value transfer method (known by its Arabic name - hawala) in the form of a rhizome, using the concept as developed by Deleuze and Guattari in A Thousand Plateaus. This paper argues that the ability of hawala to regenerate itself along multiple paths situates the procedure as a rhizome, and that standard methods for financial regulation fail to appreciate the crucial difference this regenerative ability makes for attempts at control and regulation. Consequently, the activity that the state is seeking to control will merely be displaced, to reform and regenerate itself yet again. To ground this argument in the present condition of the global political economy, the specific example considered is Al Barakaat, a transnational Somali firm that fell victim to the global war on terror in late 2001. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.},
author_keywords={Deleuze and Guattari;  hawala;  remittances;  rhizome;  terrorist finance},
keywords={finance;  global economy;  political economy;  remittance;  terrorism},
funding_details={Sixth Framework ProgrammeSixth Framework Programme, FP6},
funding_text 1={Previous versions of this paper were presented at the International Studies Association Conference (Chicago, 2007) and Political Studies Association (UK) Annual Conference (University of Reading, 2006). It has benefited from related research conducted for the CHALLENGE project (The Changing Landscape of European Liberty and Security) with the financial support of the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission’s DG for Research, see www.libertysecurity.org. I appreciate the comments and suggestions made by my fellow panel members — David Bailey, Earl Gammon, Seán Molloy and Julian Reid — along with Andreas Antoniades, Roger Ballard, Antoine Bousquet, and the journal’s editors and anonymous reviewers. Naturally, all errors and misconceptions found in this paper remain my responsibility.},
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Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar; David, C., The security-development nexus and the rise of "anti-foreign policy" (2007) Journal of International Relations and Development, 10 (4), pp. 362-86; Notes on Regulation of Branchless Banking in the Philippines, 2008. , http://www.cgap.org/p/site/c/template.rc/1.26.2118, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor Washington, DC: Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), / (accessed 17 May, 2009; Bob, D., Direct deposits: Migrants money is imperfect cure for poor nations (2006) Wall Street Journal, 1. , 1 November; De Boyrie Maria, E., Pak, S., Zdanowicz, J.S., The impact of Switzerlands money laundering law on capital flows through abnormal pricing in international trade (2005) Applied Financial Economics, 15 (4), pp. 217-30; De Boyrie Maria, E., Pak, S., Zdanowicz, J.S., (2005) Estimating the Magnitude of Capital Flight Due to Abnormal Pricing in International Trade: The Russia-USA Case, 29 (3), pp. 249-70. , Accounting Forum; Goede Marieke, D., Hawala discourse and the war on terrorist finance (2003) Environment and Planning D, 21 (5), pp. 513-532; Goede Marieke, D., Underground money (2007) Cultural Critique, 65, pp. 140-163; Dekieffer Donald, E., Trade diversion as a fund raising and money laundering technique of terrorist organizations (2008) Countering the Financing of Terrorism, pp. 150-173. , Thomas J. Biersteker and Sue E. Eckert, eds London and New York: Routledge; Gilles, D., Guattari, F., (2003) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, , London: Continuum; Sending money home (2005) A Survey of Remittance Products and Services, , Department for International Development (DFID UK, London: Department for International Development (DFID); Peter, D., Philip, F., Kris Olds, K., Wai-Chung Yeung, H., Chains and networks, territories and scales: Towards a relational framework for analysing the global economy (2001) Global Networks, 1 (2), pp. 89-112; (2006) Study on Improving the Efficiency of Workers Remittances in Mediterranean Countries Rotterdam: European Investment Bank, , http://www.eib.org/attachments/country/femip_workers_remittances_en.pdf, ECORYS-NEI (accessed 12 May 2006); Rachel, R., Funding evil: How terrorism is financed and the nexus of terrorist and criminal organizations (2007) Terrornomics, pp. 27-48. , Sean S. 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correspondence_address1={Vlcek, W.; School of International Relations, , St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AX, United Kingdom; email: wbv2@st-andrews.ac.uk},
issn={14086980},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Relat. Dev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Grossman2010318,
author={Grossman, R.S. and Meissner, C.M.},
title={International aspects of the Great Depression and the crisis of 2007: Similarities, differences, and lessons},
journal={Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
year={2010},
volume={26},
number={3},
pages={318-338},
doi={10.1093/oxrep/grq021},
art_number={grq021},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78149485804&doi=10.1093%2foxrep%2fgrq021&partnerID=40&md5=2f8122506bac2962c805c35db3de93c6},
affiliation={Wesleyan University, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Middletown, CT, United States; University of California, National Bureau of Economic Research, Davis, United States},
abstract={We focus on two international aspects of the Great Depression-financial crises and international trade-and try to discern lessons for the current economic crisis. Both downturns featured global banking crises which were generated by boom-slump macroeconomic cycles. During both crises, world trade collapsed faster than world incomes and the trade decline was highly synchronized across countries. During the Depression income losses and rises in trade barriers explain trade's collapse. Owing to vertical specialization and more intense trade in durables, today's trade collapse is due to uncertainty and small shocks to trade costs hitting international supply chains. So far, the global economy has avoided the global trade wars and banking collapses of the Depression, perhaps owing to improved policy. Even so, the global economy remains susceptible to large shocks owing to financial innovation and technological change, as recent events illustrate. © The Authors 2010. Published by Oxford University Press.},
author_keywords={Banking crises;  Gold standard;  Tariff retaliation;  Trade collapse;  Trade costs;  Vertical specialization},
keywords={banking;  economic instability;  financial crisis;  global economy;  Great Depression;  international trade;  macroeconomics;  tariff structure;  technological change},
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(2003) Journal of Political Economy, 111 (1), pp. 52-102; Yi, K.M., The Collapse of Global Trade: The Role of Vertical Specialization (2009) The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis: Recommendations for the G20, , R. Baldwin and S. Evenett (eds), a VoxEU.org publication},
correspondence_address1={Grossman, R.S.; Wesleyan University, , Middletown, CT, United States; email: rgrossman@wesleyan.edu},
issn={0266903X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{King2010880,
author={King, A.},
title={After the crunch: A new era for the beautiful game in Europe?},
journal={Soccer and Society},
year={2010},
volume={11},
number={6},
pages={880-891},
doi={10.1080/14660970.2010.510751},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958596572&doi=10.1080%2f14660970.2010.510751&partnerID=40&md5=03ebbd545eeb1f0b6705c4eac9e92637},
affiliation={Department of Sociology and Philosophy, University of Exeter, United Kingdom},
abstract={In the last two years, the global economy has suffered a major financial crisis which has precipitated a world-wide recession. The 'credit crunch' has been widely seen as the end of the neo-liberal regulatory regime introduced in the 1980s by Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher and a return to the Keynesian management of the immediate post-War period. There is a wide consensus among scholars writing on football that the organization of the professional game has paralleled wider regulatory regimes. Accordingly, during the 1990s, professional football in Europe was organized on a neo-liberal, transnational basis in which economic and playing power congregated among a group of super clubs. Following the credit crunch, it seems likely that a new regulatory regime will appear in football. On the basis of current debates and trends, this article explores the character of the emergent political economy of football. Against the sometimes self-interested claims of administrators like Michel Platini or Sepp Blatter, it is proposed that football is not re-entering an era of Keynesian management by national and international federations. Super-clubs will remain a dominant force in European football. Rather, the new era might be characterized as one of 'regulated transnationalism'. The major clubs and their transnational interconnections will remain central features of the new era but their activities will be monitored and controlled by a regulatory complex consisting of national and international federations, European institutions, national governments and the clubs themselves. Finally, the article explores how fan cultures are likely to change in the coming decade in the light of the new regulatory regime. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.},
references={Geertz, C., Deep play: Notes on the Balinese cockfight (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures, pp. 412-453. , ed. C. Geertz, New York: Basic Books; Giulianotti, R., (1999) Football: A Sociology of the Global Game, , Cambridge: Polity; Giulianotti, R., Robertson, R., The Globalization of Football: A Study in the Glocalization of the "Serious Life" (2004) British Journal of Sociology, 55 (4), pp. 545-568; Goldblatt, D., (2007) The Ball is Round, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; (2006) Sports Mega-Events. Social Scientific Analyses of a Global Phenomenon, , Horne, J., and W. Manzenreiter, eds., Oxford: Blackwell; King, A., (1998) The End of the Terraces: The Transformation of English Football In The, 1990. , London: Leicester University Press; King, A., The European Ritual, 2003; Maguire, J., (1999) Global Sport, , Cambridge: Polity},
correspondence_address1={King, A.; Department of Sociology and Philosophy, United Kingdom; email: a.c.king@exeter.ac.uk},
issn={14660970},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soccer Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Steinbock2010406,
author={Steinbock, D.},
title={China's Next Stage of Growth: Reassessing U.S. Policy toward China},
journal={American Foreign Policy Interests},
year={2010},
volume={32},
number={6},
pages={406-408},
doi={10.1080/10803920.2010.535768},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960454506&doi=10.1080%2f10803920.2010.535768&partnerID=40&md5=3614762d7148d37a8958bd74875f592d},
affiliation={OECD, EU, Nordic Council, Baltic Development Forum, United States},
abstract={After three decades of economic reforms and opening-up policies, China is entering a new stage of development. As a result of the third wave of globalization and the ongoing global crisis, the large emerging economies are catching up. China is now moving from industrial take-off to technological maturity. This transition has been the fastest in China's more prosperous coastal regions. It is driven by an investment-led national strategy reinforced by industrialization, urbanization, and the emergence of a new middle class. Because of extraordinarily rapid growth, China is set to overtake the United States in terms of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the 2020s. In the most prosperous urban regions, prosperity levels will catch up with those of some European nations in the course of the 2010s. The basic framework of U.S. policy toward China was created amid the peak of the cold war. There is a case to be made that basic elements should be reassessed in light of China's next stage of growth and structural shifts in the global economy. That reassessment is vital especially in U.S.-Chinese economic relations because they hold the potential to facilitate global recovery-or constrain it. © 2010 NCAFP.},
references={Kissinger, H., China: Containment won't work (2005) The Washington Post, , June 13; Note; Collier, P., Dollar, D., (2002) Globalization, Growth, and Poverty, , On globalization, see, (New York); Note; Steinbock, D., (2010) The New Stages of Growth in the Multipolar World, , Note. See, (New York); (2010) Asia and Pacific: Leading the Global Recovery, Rebalancing for the Medium Term, , See IMF, Regional Economic Outlook, April 2010; (2010) World Economic Outlook: Rebalancing, , IMF, IMF, April 2010; Note; Note; Note; Note; Steinbock, D., The rest and the west (2010) The Globalist, , See, May 12; Steinbock, D., Europe's debt crisis (2010) The Globalist, , May 27; Note; Wang, Z., National humiliation, history education, and the politics of historical memory: Patriotic education campaign in China (2008) International Studies Quarterly, 52 (4), pp. 783-806. , See, (December); The Financial Times, , On global companies, innovation, and high-tech competitiveness, see; Science and Engineering Indicators 2010, , World Intellectual Property Organization, and, respectively; Jacobs, A., Chinese factories now compete to woo laborers (2010) The New York Times, pp. A1. , July 12; Note; Note; Lardy Nicholas, R., (2006) China: Toward a Consumption-Driven Growth Path, , See, for example, Policy Brief, Peterson, Institute for International Economics, Number PB06-6, October; Steinbock, D., China's world-historical Urban challenge: Balancing sustainable economic growth and soaring property prices (2010) New Geography, , On China's volatile property markets, see, June 18; (2010) Shanghai and Hong Kong and China's Global Financial Hubs, , See also the author's, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, January; Hu Jintao addresses provincial leaders on building society with harmony (2005) Xinhua News Agency, , February 19; Powell, B., Paulson in China: The monster under the bed (2008) Time, , December 5; Note; Note; Blair, D.C., (2009) Director of National Intelligence, , See Annual Threat Assessment of the Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, February 12; Note; Note; Note; Note; Note; Note; Note; Note; (2010) Chinese FDI in the U.S, , See, AmCham Shanghai, Viewpoint, June; Note; Note; Jackson, J.K., Foreign ownership of U.S. financial assets: Implications of a withdrawal (2008) Congressional Research Service, , See, January 14; Note; Bergsten, C.F., Correcting the Chinese Exchange Rate: An action plan Peterson Institute for International Economics, , See, for example, Testimony before the Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, March 24; Goldstein, M., Lardy, N.R., Future of China's exchange rate policy (2009) Policy Analyses in International Economics, 87. , July; Note; Note; Xiaochuan, Z., Reform the international monetary system (2009) The People's Bank of China, , See, March 23; Note; Ernst, C.D., A smart response to China's 'indigenous innovation policies (2010) East-West Center, Honolulu, , May 21; Note; Note},
correspondence_address1={Steinbock, D.; OECD, EU, United States},
issn={10803920},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. Foreign Policy Interests},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss201021,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={The global financial crisis: The role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)},
journal={The International Monetary Fund (IMF): Financial Crisis and Select Issues},
year={2010},
pages={21-28},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946823760&partnerID=40&md5=15e82209357bd2c911d4686c050ed8bb},
abstract={This chapter discusses two potential roles the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may have in helping to resolve the current global financial crisis: (1) immediate crisis control through balance of payments lending to emerging market and less-developed countries and (2) increased surveillance of the global economy through better coordination with the international financial regulatory agencies. The current global financial crisis, which began with the downturn of the U.S. subprime housing market in 2007, is testing the ability of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in its role as the central international institution for oversight of the global monetary system. Though the IMF is unlikely to lend to the developed countries most affected by the crisis and must compete with other international financial institutions1 as a source of ideas and global macroeconomic policy coordination, the spillover effects of the crisis on emerging and less-developed economies gives the IMF an opportunity to reassert its role in the international economy on two key dimensions of the global financial crisis: (1) immediate crisis management and (2) long-term systemic reform of the international financial system. The role of the IMF has changed significantly since its founding in July 1944. Late in World War II, delegates from 44 nations gathered in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to discuss the postwar recovery of Europe and create a set of international institutions to resolve many of the economic issues-such as protectionist trade policies and unstable exchange rates-that had ravaged the international economy between the two world wars. As the global financial system has evolved over the decades, so has the IMF. From 1946 to 1973, the main purpose of the IMF was to manage the fixed system of international exchange rates agreed on at Bretton Woods. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce and all other member countries' currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. The IMF monitored the macroeconomic and exchange rate policies of member countries and helped countries overcome balance of payments crises with short-term loans that helped bring currencies back in line with their determined value. This system came to an abrupt end in 1973 when the United States floated its currency and subsequently introduced the modern system of floating exchange rates. Over the past three decades, floating exchange rates and financial globalization have contributed to, in addition to substantial wealth and high levels of growth for many countries, an international economy marred by exchange rate volatility and semi-frequent financial crises. The IMF adapted to the end of the fixed-exchange rate system by becoming the lender of last resort for countries afflicted by such crises. Current IMF operations and responsibilities can be grouped into three areas: surveillance, lending, and technical assistance. Surveillance involves monitoring economic and financial developments and providing policy advice to member countries. Lending entails the provision of financial resources under specified conditions to assist a country experiencing balance of payments difficulties. Technical assistance includes help on designing or improving the quality and effectiveness of domestic policy-making. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Weiss, M.A.},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781617284991},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Int. Monet. Fund (IMF): Financ. Crisis and Sel. Issues},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Agbola2010327,
author={Agbola, F.W. and Lambert, D.K.},
title={Skilling Australia for the future? A study of quality assurance in Australia's vocational education and training},
journal={Journal of Vocational Education and Training},
year={2010},
volume={62},
number={3},
pages={327-349},
doi={10.1080/13636820.2010.509805},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957818555&doi=10.1080%2f13636820.2010.509805&partnerID=40&md5=fd73bf44688587c163f90bf633725383},
affiliation={Newcastle Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia},
abstract={From the end of World War II until the early 1970s, vocational education and training (VET) in Australia was surprisingly static and resilient to government-led reform, due to the dominance of industry and union power. Following the oil shocks of 1973 and associated unemployment and declining union power, there have been calls on the federal and state governments to adopt a more proactive approach to dealing with quality assurance in the VET sector. In recent times, private registered training organisations (RTOs) are increasingly being used by federal and state governments to directly address the unemployment problem through programs such as the Productivity Places Program. As a result, an examination of quality assurance in the VET sector is increasingly important. This paper reviews the evolution of VET in Australia and examines what impact policy reforms have had on quality assurance in VET, identifying some opportunities and challenges facing the Australian VET sector in the changing global economy. © 2010 The Vocational Aspect of Education Ltd.},
author_keywords={Australia;  Quality assurance;  Vocational education and training},
references={(2005) Australian Social Trends 2005, , http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/D3D7FAA735DDA645CA25703B00774A0B/$File/41020_2005.pdf, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Press; (2008) Adult Learning, , http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/C617A03C5C06B489CA2573B70011D427/$File/42290_2006-07.pdf, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Press; (1987) Australia Reconstructed: ACTU & TDC Mission to Western Europe, , Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and Trade Development Council (TDC), A report by the Mission Members of the ACTU & Australian Council of Trade Unions (TDC). Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service; (2008) Australian Apprenticeships - School Student, , http://www.australianapprenticeships.gov.au/student/, Australian government; (2005) Standards For Registered Training Organisations, , http://www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/15CC7417-1804-4592-92FA-A86F582B30E5/10888/AQTF_2005_RTO_standards.pdf, Australian National Training Authority (ANTA), Canberra, Australia: Australian National Training Authority, Commonwealth of Australia; (2007) Australian Quality Training Framework: Essential Standards For Registration, , http://www.training.com.au/documents/aqtf2k7_ess-std-reg_final2.pdf, Australian National Training Authority (ANTA), Canberra, Australia: Australian National Training Authority; Beattie, A., (1968) The Apprenticeship System In New South Wales: A Report By the Commission to The Minister For Labour and Industry, , Sydney, Australia: Victor C.N. Blight, government printer; Blom, K., (2001) The Demands of 'quality': Serving Whose Interests In the 'new Economy'?, , http://www.cit.act.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/3859/The_Demands_of_Quality.pdf, Paper presented at the 9th Annual International Conference on Post-compulsory Education and Training, in Gold Coast, December 3-5, in Brisbane, Australia; Braithwaite, J., (1985) To Punish Or Persuade: Enforcement of Coal Mine Safety, , New York: State University of New York Press; Brown, M., Sutton, D., (2008) Serving Multiple Masters: Reviewing the Role and Recognition of VET Within the Victorian Senior Secondary School Certificates, , http://www.avetra.org.au/AVETRA%20WORK%2011.04.08/CS5.1%20-%20Mike%20Brown%20&%20Daryl%20Sutton.pdf, Refereed paper presented at AVETRA Conference, April 3-4, in Adelaide; Burke, G., Noonan, P., (2008) Financing Vocational Education and Training In Australia: Present and Future, , http://education.monash.edu.au/centres/ceet/docs/conferencepapers/2008burkenoonannov08.pdf, Paper presented at the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training CEDEFOP Agora Conference, May 19-20, in Thesaloniki, Greece; Cobb, J., (2000) Sweet Road to Progress: The History of State Technical Education In New South Wales to 1949, , Sydney, Australia: Marketing and Business Development Directorate; (2009) Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) On Federal Financial Relations, , http://www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/index.cfm, Council of Australian Governments (COAG), Canberra, Australia: Council of Australian Governments, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet; (2009) Council of Australian Governments' Meeting, 2 July 2009, , http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2009-07-02/index.cfm#apprentice, Council of Australian Governments (COAG), Canberra, Australia: Council of Australian Governments, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet; (2009) National Partnership Agreement On Youth Attainment and Transitions, , http://www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2009-07-02/docs/NP_youth_attainment_transitions.pdf, Council of Australian Governments (COAG), Canberra, Australia: Council of Australian Governments, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet; (2008) NSW Apprenticeship and Traineeship Training Program Arrangements - 2009, , https://www.training.nsw.gov.au/forms_documents/industry_programs/business_services/2009_attp_ewt_requirements.pdf, Department of Education and Training (DET) New South Wales (NSW), Sydney, Australia: Department of Education and Training, New South Wales; (2008) ApprentiCentre, , Department of Education and Training (DET) Western Australia (WA), Perth, Australia: Department of Education and Training, Western Australia; (2008) Productivity Places Program, , http://www.productivityplaces.deewr.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/1FB46BC3-1F99-4053-BDBF-363DC5450067/20903/SAFF_discussion_paper_020408.pdf, Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR), Canberra, Australia: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations; (2006) Skilling Australia: 2005-2008 Commonwealth-state Agreement For Skilling Australia's Workforce, , http://www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/A478ADFF-A582-4628-B191-E69F7380684F/12740/CommStateAgreementPaper_full1.pdf, Department of Education, Science and Technology (DEST), Canberra, Australia: Department of Education, Science and Technology (DEST), Commonwealth of Australia; (2008) Productivity Places Program, , http://www.dfeest.sa.gov.au/Programs/ProductivityPlacesProgram/tabid/96/Default.aspx, Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology (DFEEST), Department of Further Education, Employment, Science and Technology; (2008) Request For Funding Applications, , https://secure.otte.vic.gov.au/gftp/Tims/2009GFTP/Resources/2009RFA.pdf, Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development (DIIRD), Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development, Canberra; Deveson, I., (1990) Deveson Report: Training Costs of Award Restructuring, , Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Printing Service; Dumbrell, T., (2004) Resourcing Vocational Education and Training In Australia, , Adelaide, Australia: National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER); Finn, T.B., (1991) Finn Review: Young People's Participation In Post-compulsory Education and Training, , http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/dest/TD_LMR_85_641.pdf, Report of the Australian Education Council Review Committee, July. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service; Flannery, T., (2000) Transcript of Interview Broadcast In 2000 On the ABC, , http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/info/q95-19-5.htm; Gallagher, C., Anderson, D., (2005) The Virtual it Training Affair: A Case Study of Market Failure and Neoliberalism In VET, , http://avetra.org.au/documents/PA096Gallagher.PDF, Melbourne: Monash University; Gurría, A., (2007) Vocational Education and Training: Opening Remarks to The Informal Meeting of OECD Education Ministers On Vocational Education and Training, Copenhagen, Denmark, , http://www.oecd.org/document/60/0,3343,en_2649_201185_37969852_1_1_1_1,00.html; Hendy, P., (2003) User Choice: Fact Or Fiction?, , http://www.acci.asn.au/text_files/speeches_transcripts/PH_UserChoice_290803.pdf, Speech by Peter Hendy, Chief Executive of the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACPET). National Conference Education and Training: It's Your Business, 29 August, in Brisbane; (2007) User Choice: An Examination of Market Management and The Thin Markets Policy, , http://www.det.wa.gov.au/training/training/docs/User%20Choice%20Review%20Final%20Report.pdf, Huntly Consulting Group, The Department of Training and Workforce Development; Kangan, M., (1974) Kangan Report: TAFE In Australia: Report On Needs In Technical and Further Education: Report, 1. , Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; Kearns, P., Hall, W.C., (1994) Kangan: 20 Years On: A Commemoration: TAFE 1974-1994, , Leabrook, Australia: National Centre for Vocational Education and Research; Keating, P.J., Foreword (1994) Kangan: 20 Years On: A Commemoration: TAFE 1974-1994, , http://www.voced.edu.au/docs/landmarks/TD_TNC_39_16.pdf, ed. P. Kearns and W.C. Hall. Leabrook, Australia: National Centre for Vocational Education and Research; Keating, J., Qualifications frameworks in Australia (2003) Journal of Education and Work, 16 (3), pp. 271-288; Kirby, P., An overview of Australian experience with manpower programmes (1981) Youth Employment, Education and Training, , Conference papers, ed. C.E. Baird, R.G. Gregory, and F. H. Gruen, 4.1-4.37. Canberra, Australia: Centre for Economic Policy Research, Australian National University; Kirby, P., (1985) Kirby Report, , Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Labour Market Programs. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service; Meyers, D., Blom, K., (2004) Quality Indicators Used In International VET Systems, , http://www.avetra.org.au/abstracts_and_papers_2002/meyersbloom.pdf, Centre Undertaking Research in Vocational Education (CURVE), Canberra Institute of Technology; Nicoll, C., (2008) New VET World, , Speech delivered at the 2008 Voc Ed Learning Group National Conference, August 7, in Gold Coast, Australia; Plack, M., (2005) The Reflective Practitioner: Reaching For Excellence In Practice, , http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/extract/116/6/1546; Ray, J., (2001) Apprenticeship In Australia: A Historical Snapshot, , Leabrook, Australia: National Centre for Vocational Education and Research (NCVER); Schofield, K., (2000) The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Perspectives From Three States On the Quality of Australia's Apprenticeship and Traineeship System, , http://www.voced.edu.au/td/tnc_62.988, Address to 9th Annual VET Researchers Conference, July 4-7, in Coffs Harbour, Australia; Scott, R., (2002) TAFE Gears Up to Offer Degrees, , http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/07/24/1027332400427.html; Scott, A., Social democracy in Northern Europe: Its relevance for Australia (2006) Australian Review, 7 (1), pp. 1-17; (2000) Aspiring to Excellence: Report of the Inquiry Into the Quality of Vocational Education and Training In Australia - Overview and Recommendations, , http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/eet_ctte/completed_inquiries/1999-02/vet/report/b02.pdf, Senate Committee, Senate Employment Workplace Relations Small Business and Education References Committee; (2008) Securing Jobs For Your Future - Skills For Victoria, , http://www.skills.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/15969/SecuringJobsforYourFuture-SkillsforVictoria.pdf, Skills Victoria, Victoria Government Corporate; White, M.A., (1993) Vocationalism Revisited In Australian Secondary Education In Three Depression Decades - the 1890s and The 1980s, , Refereed paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education conference, November 22-25, in Fremantle, Australia},
correspondence_address1={Agbola, F. W.; Newcastle Business School, , Callaghan, Australia; email: frank.agbola@newcastle.edu.au},
issn={13636820},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vocat. Educ. Train.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gadbaw2010551,
author={Gadbaw, R.M.},
title={Systemic regulation of global trade and finance: A tale of two systems},
journal={Journal of International Economic Law},
year={2010},
volume={13},
number={3},
pages={551-574},
doi={10.1093/jiel/jgq031},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649923415&doi=10.1093%2fjiel%2fjgq031&partnerID=40&md5=6eacc8751ce6969c997e7addbf511c63},
affiliation={Georgetown University Law Center, United States; Institute for International Economic Law, United States},
abstract={The recent financial crisis has put enormous strains on the global systems governing international finance and trade. These two important international regulatory systems, created after World War II to promote growth and stability in the global economy, were put to the test in ways unprecedented since the 1930s. This article seeks to analyze and compare their performance as systemic regulators in the course of the crisis and concludes that the trading system performed quite well while the financial system virtually collapsed. This article seeks to account for this difference by looking at the nature of the rules and the institutions governing each and how they evolved so differently over the past 70 years. Central to the success of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a regulatory approach that includes rules designed, and tested in practice, to align incentives with the public good and prevent regulatory capture and a self-enforcing dispute settlement mechanism that ensures accountability and enforceability. The article concludes that these differences hold important lessons for the reform of the rules and institutions governing finance and trade in the global economy, and the role the WTO should play in this reform. © Oxford University Press 2010, all rights reserved.},
references={Bernstein, W.J., (2008) A Splendid Exchange; How Trade Shaped the World, p. 18. , interplay of trade and finance is as old as economic history itself. See, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 'First, trade is an irreducible and intrinsic human impulse, as primal as the needs for food, shelter, sexual intimacy, and companionship. Second, our urge to trade has profoundly affected the trajectory of the human species.'; Ferguson, N., (2008) The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World, p. 2. , See also, New York: The Penguin Press, 'Despite our deeply rooted prejudices against "filthy lucre", however, money is the root of most progress.'; Gardner, R.N., The bretton woods-GATT system after sixty-five years: A balance sheet of success and failure (2008) 47 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 26, p. 27. , For an excellent review of the origins of Bretton Woods and the challenges facing the system in the aftermath of the financial crisis, see; , pp. 575-595. , see also the paper by Andreas Lowenfeld in this issue; Jackson, J.H., Davey, W.J., Sikes, A.O.J., (2008) Legal Problems of International Economic Relations, pp. 1098-1109. , One of the key linkages between trade and finance has been the use of trade measures for balance of payments reasons, the most significant case of which was the 10% import surcharge imposed by President Nixon in 1971. See, and, 5th edn St. Paul, MN: Thomson West; (1999), http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19990215,00.html, This reference comes from the cover of Time, 15 February, visited 3 August 2010 which featured Robert Rubin, Lawrence Summers and Alan Greenspan for their work in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis; Alexander, K., Dhumale, R., Eatwell, J., (2006) Global Governance of Financial Systems; the International Regulation of Systemic Risk, p. 24. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1930) Stat, 46, p. 685. , United States: Tariff Act of 1930, Act of June 17; Ruddy, B., The critical success of the WTO: Trade policies of the current economic crisis (2010) Journal of International Economic Law, 13 (2), p. 287. , performance of the WTO in the course of the crisis has been ably analyzed in, 475-95. Ruddy looks at the economic literature and the tracking systems that document and measure the effect of protectionist measures and concludes: 'unlike the trade restrictive measures of the Great Depression, measures taken during the current economic crisis have not materially contributed to the decline in trade volume and GDP'. This conclusion is also supported by the WTO's own analysis; Ruddy, B., The critical success of the WTO: Trade policies of the current economic crisis (2010) Journal of International Economic Law, 13 (2), p. 287. , performance of the WTO in the course of the crisis has been ably analyzed in, 475-95. Ruddy looks at the economic literature and the tracking systems that document and measure the effect of protectionist measures and concludes: 'unlike the trade restrictive measures of the Great Depression, measures taken during the current economic crisis have not materially contributed to the decline in trade volume and GDP'. This conclusion is also supported by the WTO's own analysis, Ibid, fn 48 and accompanying text; (2009) Effective Crisis Response and Openness: Implications for the Trading System, p. 5. , For a very thorough analysis of the failure of protectionism to manifest in the course of the recent crisis, with a very low-key endorsement of the WTO's role, see Simon J. Evenett, Bernard M. Hoekman and Olivier Cattaneo eds, Washington, DC: World Bank and Center for Economic and Policy Research, at, The countries that were most protectionist in their responses were not members of the WTO Algeria and Russia p. 5; Sorkin, A.R., (2009) Too Big to Fail, , To assist the reader, the primary sources for this description of the crisis are collected here. For a first hand account of the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the ensuing collapse of the financial markets, see, New York: Viking; Lewis, M., (2009) The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine, , Michael Lewis has looked at the small group of hedge fund managers who saw the coming crisis and took advantage of it by betting against it in, London: Allen Lane; Taleb, N.N., (2007) The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, , Nassim Nicholas Taleb has looked at the role of financial models for valuing assets and risks and how these models miscalculated the probability of events with catastrophic consequences in, New York: Random House; Posner, R.A., (2009) A Failure of Capitalism: The Crisis of '08 and the Descent Into Depression, , Richard A. Posner documents his own conversion from a Chicago school critic of excessive financial regulation to a more pragmatic advocate for the proper balance of regulations and the market in a capitalist system, first in, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Posner, R.A., (2010) The Crisis of Capitalist Democracy, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Johnson, S., (2010) 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown, , Simon Johnson has analyzed the concentration of the banking industry and the role of campaign contributions in shaping the regulatory framework for finance in, New York: Pantheon Books; Stat, 91, p. 1147. , Some of the major regulatory failings cited as causes of the crisis: the failure of the monetary system to deal with global imbalances which facilitated the lax monetary policy of the Federal Reserve and the unwillingness to recognize the systemic risk of excessive credit leading to excessive risk taking; the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in subsidizing home ownership and the role of their implicit government guarantee in excessive risk taking, the role of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 Codified to 12 U. S. C. 2901 note; Section 801 et seq. of title VIII of the Act of October 12, 1977; Davies, H., Green, D., (2008) Global Financial Regulation: The Essential Guide, , See generally, and, Cambridge: Polity Press; Barth, J., Caprio Jr., G., Levine, R., (2006) Rethinking Bank Regulation: Till Angels Govern, , New York: Cambridge University Press, which presents a comparative study of bank regulation across 150 countries; Acharya, V.V., Richardson, M., (2009) Restoring Financial Stability: How to Repair a Failed System, , New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; Savage, H., Current housing reports (2009) Who Could Afford to Buy a Home in 2004, , In California, in 2007, over 90% of the securitized mortgages were so-called thin file mortgages, that is, there was no verification of the income of the borrower; most of the mortgages insured by Freddie and Fannie were subprime mortgages since only 12% of the Californian population could afford a median priced home See, US Census Bureau, Issued May 9; Rampell, C., GDP revision suggests a long, steep downfall (2009) New York Times, , http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/28/business/economy/28econ.html, 27 February, visited 10 September 2010; Gadbaw, R.M., The WTO as a systemic regulator? (2010) The Globalist, , http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=8214, See, 16 February, visited 3 August 2010; (2009), Paragraph 48 of the Pittsburgh Summit Communique, September 25; Gardner, (1948), pp. 28-32. , See, above n 2, at, Gardner points out the changes to the world order that have occurred since, particularly: the 'money bags', the 'brains', the economic weight and the political influence are all more evenly distributed today than they were. Yet the old and difficult issues that confronted the founding fathers of the Bretton-Woods system are still with us-how to reconcile freedom of international trade and payments with full employment and social justice at home, how to balance the need for effective international economic institutions with still-powerful demands for national economic sovereignty, and how to relate regional and bilateral economic arrangements to a global economic order; Gardner, , p. 28. , Powerful political and intellectual currents on both sides of the Atlantic opposed the creation of these institutions, See, above n 2, Ibid, at; Gardner, , p. 31. , See, above n 2, Ibid, at; Gardner, , p. 32. , See, above n 2, Ibid, at; Gardner, , p. 36. , See, above n 2, Ibid, at; Helleiner, E., (1994) States and the Reemergence of Global Finance; from Bretton Woods to the 1990s, p. 45. , Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; Gardner, , p. 38. , Cited in, above n 2, at; Gardner, , p. 5. , Cited in, above n 2, Ibid, at; Gardner, , p. 4. , Cited in, above n 2, Ibid, at; Gardner, , p. 5. , Cited in, above n 2, Ibid, at; Gardner, , pp. 50-51. , See, above n 2, at; Jackson, J.H., (2006) Sovereignty, the WTO, and Changing Fundamentals of International Law, p. 261. , New York: Cambridge University Press; Helleiner, , pp. 112-115. , above n 21; Destler, I.M., (2005) American Trade Politics, , For a detailed account of the political history of trade politics, see, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; Canedo, E., The Rise of the Deregulation Movement in Modern America 1957-1980, p. 97. , See, 2009 PhD dissertation on file at Columbia University, Department of History, at, cited with the permission of the author; Green, J., Inside man (2010) The Atlantic Monthly, , http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/04/inside-man/7992, See also, April; Cassidy, J., After the blowup; Laissez-faire economists do some soul-searching - and finger-pointing The New Yorker, , and a description of the defections from the Chicago School in, 11 January 2010, 28. John Cassidy recounts a history lesson from Richard A. Posner, a jurist and intellectual leader of the Chicago School; http://mfs.uchicago.edu/pastworkshops/capitalisms/readings/ After-the-Blowup.pdf, By the late 1980s, with the collapse of Communism, the basic insights of the Chicago School about deregulation and incentives had been accepted worldwide, he recalled, and the bitter enmity between Chicago and its rival economics departments had faded. Eventually, many of the founders of the Chicago School died, and were replaced by more moderate figures, such as Thaler and Levitt. Now, largely as a result of misguided efforts to extend deregulation to the finance industry, we have experienced the biggest economic blowup since the nineteen-thirties. Posner, who appeared to be enjoying his role as a heretic, paused, then said, 'So probably the term "Chicago School" should be retired'. Available at:, visited 3 August 2010; Johnson, , (10), pp. 60-61. , at; Alexander, , p. 7. , See, above n 5, at, 'The recent history of capital market liberalization has coincided with a swing in the balance of intellectual influence from a postwar theory of economic policy that urged national governments to limit international capital movements to the present-day theory that encourages free capital movements and the abdication of national regulatory powers. So financial stability is largely a matter of convention. ' Written in 2006, these authors make one of the most compelling predictions at page 9: 'Recent crises suggest the current international efforts to regulate financial systems lack coherence and legitimacy and fail to effectively manage systemic risk.'; Financial Service portion of the GATS deals narrowly with measures that limit the cross border establishment and operation of financial institutions but the obligations are implemented not on a generalized basis but country by country and measure by measure, depending on the willingness of countries to incorporate the obligation into their schedule. The prudential exception General Agreement on Trade in Services, Annex on Financial Services, para. 2 a could be a framework for incorporating rules on prudential supervision and this exception is subject to WTO dispute settlement, however, there has been little interest in this possibility to date. For the most part, countries have simply incorporated into their schedules their existing framework of regulations; Green, J., Inside man (2010) The Atlantic Monthly, , http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/03/inside-man/7992, April, visited 3 August 2010; (2010) Annual Report for 2009, , See WTO Appellate Body, WT/AB/13, 17 February; There is an interesting view that the IMF started as a rule-based system while the GATT started on a more flexible, 'ideas-based' system but they reversed their characters over time; Eichengreen, B., Kenen, P.B., Managing the world economy under the bretton woods system: An overview (1994) Managing the World Economy: Fifty Years After Bretton Woods, 3-57, p. 7. , See, and, in Peter B. Kenen ed, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; International Monetary Fund was a formal structure intended to enforce an explicit set of rules; its Articles of Agreement contained a detailed list of international monetary do's and don'ts and established enforcement capabilities. Some of the rules were not enforceable, however, and they failed to anticipate all the subsequent problems. The GATT, by contrast, was an ad hoc agreement intended mainly to provide a framework for pursuing nondiscriminatory, multilateral trade liberalization. Many observers would now conclude that the GATT was the more effective arrangement. The strength of a formal arrangement such as the IMF is its rigidity; that of an informal, ideas-based institution such as the GATT is its adaptability. The greater success of the GATT thus illustrates the importance for post-war economic performance of an adaptable institutional framework; Greenspan, A., (2008) Prepared Testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, , http://oversight.house.gov/index.php?option=com-content&view= article&id=3470&catid=42:hearings&Itemid=2, 23 October, visited 6 October 2010; Greenspan, A., (2008) Prepared Testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, , http://oversight.house.gov/index.php?option=com-content&view= article&id=3470&catid=42Hearings&Itemid=2, 23 October, Ibid, visited 6 October 2010; Greenspan, A., (2008) Prepared Testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, , http://oversight.house.gov/index.php?option=com-content&view= article&id=3470&catidS=42hearings&Itemid=2, 23 October, Ibid. In his prepared testimony, Greenspan concentrates on the market for securitized subprime loans: It was the failure to properly price such assets that precipitated the crisis.... The modern risk management paradigm held sway for decades. The whole intellectual edifice, however, collapsed in the summer of last year 2007 because the data inputted into the risk management models generally covered only the past two decades, a period of euphoria. Had instead the models been fitted more appropriately to historic periods of stress, capital requirements would have been much higher and the financial world would be in far better shape today, in my judgment, visited 6 October 2010; Andrews, E.L., Greenspan concedes errors on regulation (2008) New York Times, 23. , http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/business/economy/24panel.html, See, October, visited 30 September 2010; Andrews, E.L., Greenspan concedes errors on regulation (2008) New York Times, 23. , http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/business/economy/24panel.html, See, October, visited 30 September 2010; See n 43 below; (2010) Robert Rubin Testimony to the Financial Crisis Investigative Commission, , http://www.cspan.org/Watch/Media/2010/04/08/HP/R/31560/ Govt+officials+testifying+Frmr+Citi+execs+apologize.aspx, 8 April, transcribed from the audio available at, visited 3 August 2010; (2009), Paragraph 48 of the Pittsburgh Summit Communique, 25 September; Blustein, P., (2010) The Misadventures of the Most Favored Nations; Clashing Egos, Inflated Ambitions and the Great Shambles of the World Trading System, p. 8. , New York: Public Affairs, Ultimately, Blustein comes to the conclusion that the question is not how to save the Doha Round, but, in the words of Ernesto Zadillo, 'how can the WTO be saved from the Doha Round?' at page 281. The answer, says Blustein, seems to belie his characterization of the system: 'The most important goal is to ensure the survival of the rules-based trading system. It is unwise to devote a lot of energy to opening markets more than they already are; after eight rounds, global trade is already reasonably free. The focus should be on keeping protectionism, and quasi-protectionism, from becoming long-lasting features of the international economy, so that globalized trade can help the world recover and prosper anew' at page 286; Blustein, P., (2010) The Misadventures of the Most Favored Nations; Clashing Egos, Inflated Ambitions and the Great Shambles of the World Trading System, p. 8. , New York: Public Affairs; , p. 280. , Ultimately, Blustein comes to the conclusion that the question is not how to save the Doha Round, but, in the words of Ernesto Zadillo, 'how can the WTO be saved from the Doha Round?' at page 281. The answer, says Blustein, seems to belie his characterization of the system: 'The most important goal is to ensure the survival of the rules-based trading system. It is unwise to devote a lot of energy to opening markets more than they already are; after eight rounds, global trade is already reasonably free. The focus should be on keeping protectionism, and quasi-protectionism, from becoming long-lasting features of the international economy, so that globalized trade can help the world recover and prosper anew' at page 286, Ibid, at; Acharya, V.V., Wachtel, P., Walter, I., International alignment of financial sector regulation (2009) Restoring Financial Stability: How to Repair a Failed System, 76-365, p. 372. , Viral V. Acharya and Matthew Richardson eds, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; Evenett, , p. 218. , See, above n 9, at; Akerlof, G.A., Shiller, R., (2009) Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism, p. 5. , Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press; Akerlof, G.A., Shiller, R., (2009) Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism, p. 4. , Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, Ibid, at; Akerlof, G.A., Shiller, R., (2009) Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism, pp. xiii. , Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, Ibid, at; Jackson, , p. 88. , See, above n 27, at; phrase 'rule orientation' is used here to contrast with phrases such as 'rule of law', and 'rule-based system'. Rule orientation implies a less rigid adherence to 'rule' and connotes some fluidity in rule approaches which seems to accord with reality especially since it accommodates some bargaining or negotiations. Phrases that emphasize too strongly the strict application of rules sometimes scare policy makers, although in reality they may amount to the same thing; Dam, K.W., (1970) The GATT: Law and International Economic Organization, p. 6. , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Dam, K.W., (1970) The GATT: Law and International Economic Organization, p. 7. , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Ibid, at; Bown, C.P., (2009) Self-enforcing Trade: Developing Countries and WTO Dispute Settlement, p. 16. , See, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 'There is nothing in the GATT texts that requires countries to reciprocally negotiate market access liberalization. '; (2010), Financial reform legislation has been enacted in the United States which creates a Financial Services Oversight Council to go with its European counterpart, the European Systemic Risk Board. The focus of these regulatory bodies could well be the source of international initiatives to strengthen the international regulatory system as advocated in this paper. Dodd-Frank Consumer Protection and Financial Reform Act, Public Law 111-203, 21 July; Bown, , p. 19. , above n 55, at; Bown, , p. 20. , above n 55, Ibid, at; Siebert, H., (2009) Rules for the Global Economy, p. 76. , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Jackson, , p. 135. , See, above n 27, at; (2010) Russia to Pursue Separate WTO Bid, , http://www.wto.ru/en/news.asp?msg-id=26135, Russia remains the last major hold-out and has recently announced that it will proceed with its own accession without linking its accession to that of its customs union partners-Belarus and Kazakhstan: see, April 26, visited 3 August 2010; Article XXIII:1 c of the GATT 1994 and Article 26.2 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes; Van Den Bossche, P., (2008) The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, p. 185. , New York: Cambridge University Press; Bergsten, C.F., Managing the world economy of the future (1994) Managing the World Economy: Fifty Years After Bretton Woods, pp. 3-57. , See, in Peter Kenan ed, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, at 342: 'International economic negotiations now routinely address, and even sometimes alter, policies traditionally viewed as "purely domestic." '; GATT Article II; See generally Bown, above n 55 for the view that these constituencies did not develop in those developing countries that were given special and differential treatment and were not required to offer concessions in negotiations; Reinhart, C.M., Rogoff, K.S., (2009) This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, p. 282. , See, and, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 'One has only to look at how opaque the United States government's books have become during the 2007 financial crisis to see how helpful an outside standard would be. The task of enforcing transparency is easier said than done, for governments have many incentives to obfuscate their books.'; Barth, , p. 312. , See, et al., above n 11, at; , (5), p. 261. , See discussion of the importance of heterogeneity in markets and the problem created by equal information in Alexander et al., above, 'But the attainment of equal information is bought at a cost-increased homogeneity and, hence, potentially reduced liquidity.'; Welch, J., (2001) Straight from the Gut, , Jack Welch was the CEO of General Electric from 1981 to 2001. See, Warner Books Inc},
correspondence_address1={Gadbaw, R. M.; Georgetown University Law CenterUnited States; email: mgadbaw@verizon.net},
issn={13693034},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Int. Econ. Law.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Langford2010,
author={Langford, B.},
title={Post-classical Hollywood},
journal={Post-Classical Hollywood},
year={2010},
page_count={321},
note={cited By 29},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879345597&partnerID=40&md5=ba85efb8ce1175cdd30d9befc52a3487},
affiliation={Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom},
abstract={At the end of World War II, Hollywood basked in unprecedented prosperity. Since then, numerous challenges and crises have changed the American film industry in ways beyond imagination in 1945. Nonetheless, at the start of a new century Hollywood's worldwide dominance is intact - indeed, in today's global economy the products of the American entertainment industry (of which movies are now only one part) are more ubiquitous than ever. © Barry Langford, 2010.},
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Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Arroyo, J., (2000) Action/Spectacle Cinema, , (ed.) London: BFI; Diawara, M., (1993) Black American Cinema, , (ed.) London: Routledge; Dixon, W.W., (2000) Film Genre 2000: New Critical Essays, , (ed.) Albany: State University of New York Press; Jeffords, S., (1989) The Remasculinization of America: Gender and the Vietnam War, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Jeffords, S., (1994) Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Era, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Klein, M., 'Beyond the American dream: fi lm and the experience of defeat' (1994) An American Half- Century: Postwar Culture and Politics, , Michael Klein (ed.) the U.S.A., London: Pluto; Nadel, A., (1997) Flatlining on the Field of Dreams: Cultural Narratives in the Films of President Reagan's America, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Neale, S., (2002) Genre and Contemporary Hollywood, , (ed.) London: BFI; Pfeil, F., 'From pillar to postmodern: race, class, and gender in the male rampage fi lm' (1998) The New American Cinema, pp. 146-186. , Jon Lewis (ed.), Durham: Duke University Press; Prince, S., (1992) Visions of Empire: Political Imagery in Contemporary American Film, , New York: Praeger; Tasker, Y., 'Zooming out: the end of offscreen space' (2004) The New American Cinema, pp. 248-272. , Action and Adventure Cinema London: Routledge.Bukatman Scott (1998)(ed.) Jon Lewis (ed.), Durham: Duke University Press; Bordwell, D., (2005) The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Buckland, W., 'A close encounter with Raiders of the Lost Ark: notes on narrative aspects of the new Hollywood blockbuster' (1998) Contemporary Hollywood Cinema, pp. 166-177. , Steve Neale and Murray Smith (eds), London: Routledge; Elsaesser, T., Buckland, W., (2002) Studying Contemporary American Film: A Guide to Movie Analysis, , London: Arnold; King, G., (2000) Spectacular Narratives: Hollywood in the Age of the Blockbuster, , London: I. B. Tauris; King, G., 'Spectacle and narrative in the contemporary blockbuster' (2005) Contemporary American Cinema, pp. 334-352. , Linda Ruth Williams and Michael Hammond (eds), Maidenhead: McGraw- Hill; Knapp, L., (2008) 'Tony Scott and Domino - Say hello (and goodbye) to the postclassical', , http://ejumpcut.org/archive/jc50.2008/DominoKnapp/index.html, Jump Cut 2008; 50(Spring); Smith, M., 'Theses on the philosophy of Hollywood history' (1998) Contemporary Hollywood Cinema, pp. 3-20. , Steve Neale and Murray Smith (eds), London: Routledge; Pierson, M., (2002) Special Effects: Still In Search of Wonder, , New York: Columbia University Press; Stringer, J., (2003) Movie Blockbusters, , London: Routledge. Thompson, Kristin (1999), Storytelling in the New Hollywood: Analyzing Classical Narrative Technique, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Epstein, E.J., (2005) The Big Picture: Money and Power in Hollywood, , New York: Random House; Grainge, P., (2008) Brand Hollywood: Selling Entertainment in a Global Media Age, , London: Routledge; Miller, T., Govil, N., McMurria, J., Maxwell, R., Wang, T., (2005) Global Hollywood 2, , London: BFI; Scott, A.J., (2005) On Hollywood: The Place, , the Industry, Princeton: Princeton University Press; Wasko, J., (2003) How Hollywood Works, , London: Sage; Wasko, J., McDonald, P., (2007) The Contemporary American Film Industry, , (eds) Oxford: Blackwell},
correspondence_address1={Langford, B.; Royal Holloway, University of LondonUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Edinburgh University Press},
isbn={9780748638581},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Post-Classical Hollywood},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Epstein2010293,
author={Epstein, G.},
title={The david gordon memorial lecture: Finance without financiers: Prospects for radical change in financial governance},
journal={Review of Radical Political Economics},
year={2010},
volume={42},
number={3},
pages={293-306},
doi={10.1177/0486613410375416},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955885720&doi=10.1177%2f0486613410375416&partnerID=40&md5=4ba8123b3ea3ccb6a0c5755b0f012872},
affiliation={University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States},
abstract={In response to the financial crisis of 2007-2010, governments in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere have invested billions of dollars in financial institutions to prevent them from going bankrupt and from further disrupting the global economy. Despite these massive public bail-outs, a government and "elite" consensus has emerged that these nationalized or quasi-nationalized financial institutions should be privatized as soon as possible, and that, apart from modest changes in financial regulation, our economies should return to the status quo ante financial structure. I disagree. As the crisis reveals, "financier" dominated finance has a number of devastating flaws: it creates major externalities that contribute to financial and real economic instability; it promotes short-term investment strategies; it contributes to inequality; and it undermines economic efficiency and the achievement of social goals in the real economy. I argue that a better strategy for achieving economic recovery, restructuring, and widely shared, sustainable prosperity is to use public investments in the financial sector to build on the successful post-World War II experiences of publicly oriented financial institutions to create a stronger presence of "finance without financiers.". © 2010 Union for Radical Political Economics.},
author_keywords={David Gordon;  finance;  financial restructuring},
references={Amsden, A.H., (2001) The Rise of the Rest: Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2009) Financial Stability Report (25), , Bank of England., June; Bernanke, B., Community development financial institutions: Challenges and opportunities (2009) Community Development Investment Center, The Economic Crisis and Community Development Finance: An Industry Assessment, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, pp. 2-5. , http://frbsf.org/cdinvestments, In, Working Paper 2009-05, June; Butkiewicz, J., (2002) Reconstruction Finance Corporations. EH.Net Encyclopedia, , http://eh.net/encyclopedia, ed. R. Whaples, July 19. accessed, June 14, 2009; Capie, F., Goodhart, C., Fischer, S., Schnadt, N., (1994) The Future of Central Banking: The Tercentenary Symposium of the Bank of England, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (2009) Special Report on Regulatory Reform, , http://cop.senate.gov/documents/cop-012909-report-regulatoryreform.pdf, Congressional Oversight Panel (COP); Crotty, J., Structural causes of the global financial crisis: A critical assessment of the new financial architecture (2009) Cambridge Journal of Economics, , PERI Working Paper No. 180, September 2009; Crotty, J., (2009) The Rainmaker Financial Firm, , www.peri.umass.edu, PERI Working Paper; Crotty, J., Epstein, G., Avoiding a financial meltdown (2009) Challenge Magazine, , (January/February); D'Arista, J., Rebuilding the framework for financial regulation (2009), EPI Briefing Paper #231, May 1; (1993) Transforming the U.S. Financial System: Equity and Efficiency for the 21st Century, , Dymski, G. A., G. Epstein, and R. Pollin, eds, Washington: Economic Policy Institute; Dymski, G.A., (1993) How to rebuild the U.S. financial system: Level the playing field and renew the social contract, pp. 101-131. , In Dymski, et al; Eichengreen, B., (2007) The European Economy since 1945, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Epstein, G., Plihon, D., Giannola, A., Weller, C., (2009) Finance without Financiers. Papeles De Europa 19 (September), , (in Spanish), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid; Epstein, G., (2009) Taming High Finance: Why the Obama-Geithner Plan Won't Work, , (September), New Labor Forum; (2009) Financial Stability Review, , European Central Bank (ECB), (June); Housing government-sponsored enterprises: A single regulator will better ensure safety and soundness and mission achievement (2008) GAO Testimony, , Government Accountability Office (GAO), March 6; Gerschenkron, A., (1962) Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press; Gordon, D.M., (1996) Fat and Mean: The Corporate Squeeze of Working Americans and the Myth of Managerial Downsizing., , New York: The Free Press, Martin Kessler Books; Grabel, I., Creating 'Credible' Economic Policies in Developing and Transitional Economies (1997) Review of Radical Political Economics, 29 (3), pp. 70-78; Grabel, I., (2000) Savings, Investment and Functional Efficiency: A Comparative Examination of National Financial Complexes, pp. 251-298. , In Pollin, ed; Knodell, J., Financial institutions and contemporary economic performance (1994) Understanding American Economic Decline, pp. 114-160. , In, ed. M. A. Bernstein and D. E. Adler, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Krugman, P., Making banking boring New York Times, , April 9; Mishkin, F., (2008) Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, , 8th ed; Moseley, F., Time for permanent nationalization of the banks: If the banks are too big to fail, they should be public (2009) Dollars and Sense Magazine, , (March/April); Moss, D., Bolton, C., Fannie Mae: Public or private? (2009) Harvard Business School Case 9-709-025, , February 10; Pollin, R., Financial structures and egalitarian economic development (1995) New Left Review, 214, pp. 26-61. , (November/ December); Pollin, R., Wicks-Lim, J., Garrett-Peltier, H., Green Prosperity: How Clean-Energy Policies Can Fight Poverty and Raise Living Standards in the United States. Report (2009), Prepared under commission from the Natural Resources Defense Council & Green For All; Seidman, E., Executive summary (2009) Community Development Investment Center, The Economic Crisis and Community Development Finance: An Industry Assessment. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, pp. 6-7. , http://frbsf.org/cdinvestments, In, Working Paper 2009-05, June; (2007) Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends in the United States, , http://www.socialinvest.org/pdf/SRI_Trends_ExecSummary_2007.pdf, Social Investment Forum; Tett, G., (2009) Fool's Gold, , London: Little, Brown; Thurow, L., Proposals for re-channeling funds to meet social prioritie (1972), In Policies for a more competitive financial system, conference proceedings of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston; U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, 92nd Congress, 2nd Session. 1972. Foreign experiences with monetary policies to promote economic and social priority programs; (1981) Monetary Policy, Selective Credit Policy and Industrial Policy in France, Britain, West Germany and Sweden, , Congress Joint Economic Committee. U.S., Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Zysman, J., (1983) Governments, Markets and Growth: Financial Systems and the Politics of Industrialization, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press},
correspondence_address1={Epstein, G.; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States; email: gepstein@econs.umass.edu},
issn={04866134},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Radic. Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arena2010869,
author={Arena, R.},
title={Corporate limited liability and Cambridge economics in the inter-war period: Robertson, Keynes and Sraffa},
journal={Cambridge Journal of Economics},
year={2010},
volume={34},
number={5},
pages={869-883},
doi={10.1093/cje/beq021},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955954307&doi=10.1093%2fcje%2fbeq021&partnerID=40&md5=f2fad73787f53fa2feb86b5221aba0fb},
affiliation={GREDEG-DEMOS, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, France},
abstract={This article investigates the contribution of three well-known Cambridge economists-Dennis Robertson, John Maynard Keynes and Piero Sraffa-to the analysis of limited corporate liability in relation to the separation of ownership from control. The paper argues that although, as is to be expected, these economists develop different approaches and overall conclusions on the issue of corporate limited liability and the separation of ownership from control, their interpretations converge, nevertheless, on important points. Put differently, Robertson, Keynes and Sraffa raised the same micro- and macro-economic issues but came up with different answers. Their shared concerns, as well as their varied answers, display an undeniable modernity and thus remain very relevant to contemporary considerations on firm governance, especially in the context of the present global economic crisis. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Cambridge;  Corporate limited liability},
keywords={economic theory;  financial crisis;  global economy;  governance approach;  liability;  macroeconomics;  microeconomics;  modernity;  ownership;  theoretical study},
references={Arena, R., Investment decisions in circuit and post Keynesian approaches: a comparison (1996) Money in Motion, , Deleplace, G. and Nell, E. (eds), London, Macmillan; Kalecki, M., (1971) Selected Essays on the Dynamics of the Capitalist Economy, , Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press; Keynes, J.M., Introduction of the series (1923) The Control of Industry, Cambridge Economic Handbooks Series, , Robertson D.H. 1923[1928], Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Keynes, J.M., Social consequences of changes in the value of money (1923) (1923) Essays in Persuasion, , [1931/1963], London, Macmillan 1931, reprinted by The Norton Library, New York and London, 1963; Keynes, J.M., The End of Laissez-faire (1926) (1926) Essays in Persuasion, , [1931/1963]. London, Macmillan 1931, reprinted by The Norton Library, New York and London, 1963; Keynes, J.M., (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, , London, Macmillan; Marshall, A., (1916) Principles of Economics, An Introductory, , 7th edn, London, Macmillan; Marshall, A., (1920) Principles of Economics, An Introductory Volume, , 8th edn, London, Macmillan; Marshall, A., (1920) Industry and Trade: A Study of Industrial Technique and Business Organization, and of the Other Influences on the Conditions of Various Classes and Nations, , [1949]. 3rd edn, London, Macmillan; Robertson, D.H., (1923) The Control of Industry, , Cambridge Economic Handbooks Series, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Sraffa, P., D 1/18. Sraffa pre/1928: Money, , Sraffa Archives, Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge, UK; Sraffa, P., (1940) Lectures on Industry, , Cambridge, UKin Sraffa Archives, Wren Library, Trinity College},
correspondence_address1={Arena, R.; GREDEG-DEMOS, France; email: arena.unice@gmail.com},
issn={0309166X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. J. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ayers2010153,
author={Ayers, A.J.},
title={Sudan's uncivil war: The global-historical constitution of political violence},
journal={Review of African Political Economy},
year={2010},
volume={37},
number={124},
pages={153-171},
doi={10.1080/03056244.2010.483888},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953515181&doi=10.1080%2f03056244.2010.483888&partnerID=40&md5=bda67fbaccb39fd6c8bd94c604dd29d9},
affiliation={Departments of Political Science, Sociology and Anthropology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada},
abstract={It is commonplace to characterise political violence and war in Africa as 'internal', encapsulated in the apparently neutral term 'civil war'. As such, accounts of political violence tend to focus narrowly on the combatants or insurrectionary forces, failing to recognise or address the extent to which political violence is historically and globally constituted. The article addresses this problematic core assumption through examination of the case of Sudan, seeking to contribute to a rethinking of protracted political violence and social crisis in post-colonial Africa. The article interjects in such debates through the use and detailed exposition of a distinct methodological and analytical approach. It interrogates three related dimensions of explanation which are ignored by orthodox framings of 'civil war': (1) the technologies of colonial rule which (re)produced and politicised multiple fractures in social relations, bequeathing a fissiparous legacy of racial, religious and ethnic 'identities' that have been mobilised in the context of post-colonial struggles over power and resources; (2) the major role of geopolitics in fuelling and exacerbating conflicts within Sudan and the region, particularly through the cold war and the 'war on terror'; and (3) Sudan's terms of incorporation within the capitalist global economy, which have given rise to a specific character and dynamics of accumulation, based on primitive accumulation and dependent primary commodity production. The article concludes that political violence and crisis are neither new nor extraordinary nor internal, but rather, crucial and constitutive dimensions of Sudan's neo-colonial condition. As such, to claim that political violence in Sudan is 'civil' is to countenance the triumph of ideology over history. © 2010 ROAPE Publications Ltd.},
author_keywords={'Civil war';  Conflict;  Global political economy;  Sudan},
keywords={civil war;  geopolitics;  global economy;  political economy;  political violence;  post-colonialism, Sudan},
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Tvedt, eds., Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Harker, J., (2000) Human Security In Sudan: The Report of A Canadian Assessment Mission, , Ottawa: Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade; Holt, P.M., Daly, M.W., (2000) A History of the Sudan: From The Coming of Islam to The Present Day, , Harlow: Pearson; Homer-Dixon, T., Environmental scarcities and violent conflict (1994) International Security, 19 (1), pp. 5-40; Horowitz, D.L., (2000) Ethnic Groups In Conflict, , University of California Press; (2003) Sudan, Oil and Human Rights, , HRW, New York: Human Rights Watch; Hunt, B., (2007) Understanding AFRICOM: A Contextual Reading of Empire's New Combatant Command [online], , http://www.moonofalabama.org/2007/02/understanding_a_1.html, Parts I-III, 21-22 February. 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Muqtedar Khan, ed., Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press; Mamdani, M., Saviors and survivors: Darfur (2009) Politics, and The War On Terror, , New York: Pantheon Books; Markakis, J., (1987) National and Class Conflict In the Horn of Africa, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Medani, K., Sudan's human and political crisis (1993) Current History, 42 (574), pp. 203-207; Mutua, M., Racism at root of Sudan's Darfur crisis (2004) The Christian Science Monitor, 14 July, p. 10; Nafziger, E.W., Auvinen, J., Economic development, inequality, war and state violence (2002) World Development, 30 (2), pp. 153-163; Niblock, T., (1987) Class and Power In Sudan: The Dynamics of Sudanese Politics, 1898-1985, , Albany: State University of New York Press; O'Fahey, R.S., Islamic hegemonies in the Sudan: Sufism, Mahdism and Islamism (1993) Muslim Identity and Social Change In Sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 21-35. , In: L. Brenner, ed., London: Hurst; Pantuliano, S., Comprehensive peace? An analysis of the evolving tension in Eastern Sudan (2006) Review of African Political Economy, 33 (110), pp. 709-720; Patey, L.A., State rules: Oil companies and armed conflict in Sudan (2007) Third World Quarterly, 28 (5), pp. 997-1016; Peterson, S., Me against my brother: At war in Somalia (2000) Sudan and Rwanda, , New York: Routledge; Reno, W., (1998) Warlord Politics and African States, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner; Ross, M., The political economy of the resource curse (1999) World Politics, 51 (2), pp. 297-322; Sachs, J.D., Sustainable developments: Ecology and political upheaval [online] (2006) Scientific American, 295 (37). , http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=ecology-and-political-uph, Available from, [Accessed 28 November 2009]; Salih, M.A., Harir, S., Tribal militias: The genesis of national disintegration (1994) Short-cut to Decay: The Case of Sudan, pp. 186-203. , In: S. Harir and T. Tvedt, eds., Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Salih, K.O., British policy and the accentuation of inter-ethnic divisions: The case of the Nuba Mountains region of Sudan, 1920-1940 (1990) African Affairs, 89, pp. 417-436. , July; Sharkey, H.J., Sudan: Oil and water (2004) Africa Contemporary Record, 27, pp. B651-B67. , In: C. Legum, ed., 1998-2000. New York: Africana/Holmes and Meier; Sharkey, H.J., Arab identity and ideology in Sudan: The politics of language, ethnicity and race (2008) African Affairs, 107 (426), pp. 21-43; Sidahmed, A.S., (2004) Politics and Islam In Contemporary Sudan, , London: Routledge; Silverstein, K., Official pariah Sudan valuable to America's war on terrorism [online] (2005) Los Angeles Times, , http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/154/26759.html, 29 April, Available from, [Accessed 12 November 2007]; de Soysa, I., The resource curse: Are civil wars driven by rapacity or paucity? (2000) Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas In Civil Wars, , In: M. Berdal and D. Malone, eds., Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner; Suliman, M., Civil war in the Sudan: From ethnic to ecological conflict (1993) The Ecologist, 23 (3), pp. 104-109; Suliman, M., Civil war in Sudan: The impact of ecological degradation [online] (1994) London: Institute For African Alternatives (IFAA), , www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/cvlw_env_sdn.html, [Accessed 4 November 2008]; Suliman, M., Resource access: A major cause of the armed conflict in the Sudan - the case of the Nuba Mountains [online] (1998) International Workshop On Community-Based Natural Resource Management, , http://srdis.ciesin.colombia.edu/cases/Sudan-Paper.html, 10-14 May 1998, Washington, DC. 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Snyder, eds., New York: Columbia University Press; Woodward, P., (1988) Sudan Since Independence, , London: Gower; Woodward, P., (2006) US Foreign Policy and The Horn of Africa, , Aldershot: Ashgate; Yohannes, O., (1997) The United States and The Horn of Africa: An Analytical Study of Pattern and Process, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Yohannes, O., (2008) Water Resources and Inter-riparian Relations In the Nile Basin, , Albany: State University of New York Press},
correspondence_address1={Ayers, A. J.; Departments of Political Science, , Burnaby, BC, Canada; email: ajayers@sfu.ca},
issn={03056244},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chan2010689,
author={Chan, K.S. and Dang, V.Q.T.},
title={Multilateral trade and export-led growth in the world economy: Some post-war evidence},
journal={Empirical Economics},
year={2010},
volume={38},
number={3},
pages={689-703},
doi={10.1007/s00181-009-0285-7},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951204892&doi=10.1007%2fs00181-009-0285-7&partnerID=40&md5=ba482972786b6dfa94554c4c61d5d1d9},
affiliation={Department of Economics and Finance, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Jiulong, Hong Kong; Department of Economics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada},
abstract={In this paper, we address an empirical question: is there evidence to substantiate the assumption that the post-war liberalization of world trade has actually led to a significant increase in the world GDP? In our attempt to answer that question, time series data in the Penn World Table 6. 1 are aggregated across countries to obtain a measure of world trade and output, and the total number of GATT/WTO member countries is employed as an explanatory variable to account for the impact of multilateral trade agreements, such as the Kennedy Round, Tokyo Round, and the Uruguay Round, on the trade-growth nexus. We then examine the relationship between world trade and the post-war GDP per worker across the world through the multivariate cointegration and error correction modeling and the Granger causality test. The results suggest that, at the global level, the post-war liberalization of multilateral trade has promoted both GDP and trade activities. There is also evidence that supports the export-led growth hypothesis in the world economy. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},
author_keywords={GATT/WTO;  World growth;  World trade},
keywords={export led development;  GATT;  global economy;  Granger causality test;  Gross Domestic Product;  multilateral trade;  post-war;  time series analysis;  trade agreement;  trade liberalization;  trade performance;  World Trade Organization},
references={Ahmad, J., Causality between exports and economic growth: What do the econometric studies tell us? (2001) Pac Econ Rev, 6, pp. 147-168; Bhagwati, J., (1988) Protectionism, , London: MIT Press; Dolado, J.J., Lutkepohl, H., Making wald test work for cointegrated VAR systems (1996) Econom Rev, 15, pp. 369-386; Granger, C.W.J., Lin, J.L., Causality in the long run (1995) Econom Theory, 11, pp. 241-263; Hall, P., (1992) The Boostrap and Edgeworth Expansion, , New York: Springer; Harrison, A., Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries (1996) J Dev Econ, 48, pp. 419-447; Johansen, S., Testing weak exogeneity and the order of cointegration in UK money demand data (1992) J Policy Modeling, 14, pp. 313-334; Johansen, S., Juselius, K., Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration-with application to the demand for money (1990) Oxf Bull Econ Stat, 52, pp. 169-210; Johansen, S., Mosconi, R., Nielsen, B., Cointegration analysis in the presence of structural breaks in the deterministic trend (2000) Econom J, 3, pp. 216-249; Lutkepohl, H., (2005) New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis, , Berlin: Springer; (2004) Applied Time Series Econometrics, , H. Lutkepohl and M. Kratzig (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lutkepohl, H., Reimers, H.-E., Granger-causality in cointegrated VAR processes: The case of the term structure (1992) Econ Lett, 40, pp. 263-268; Mackinnon, J., Numerical distribution functions for unit root and cointegration tests (1996) J Appl Econom, 11, pp. 601-618; Mackinnon, J., Haug, A., Michelis, L., Numerical distribution functions of likelihood ratio tests for cointegration (1999) J Appl Econom, 14, pp. 563-577; Perron, P., The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis (1989) Econometrica, 57, pp. 1361-1401; Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate modes (1998) Econ Lett, 58, pp. 17-29; Rogdriguez, F., Rodrik, D., (2000) Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic's Guide to the Cross-National Evidence. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, , Cambridge: MIT Press; Summers, R., Heston, A., The Penn-World table (Mark 5): An expanded set of international comparison, 1950-1988 (1991) Q J Econ, 106, pp. 327-368; Toda, H.Y., Yamamoto, T., Statistical inference in vector autoregression with possibly integrated processes (1995) J Econom, 66, pp. 225-250; Vamvakidis, A., (1999) Regional Trade Agreements or Broad Liberalization: Which Path Leads to Faster Growth?, , IMF Staff Papers 46, No. 1},
correspondence_address1={Chan, K. S.; Department of Economics and Finance, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Jiulong, Hong Kong; email: kschan@cityu.edu.hk},
issn={03777332},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Empir. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Strachan20103,
author={Strachan, H.},
title={The First World War as a global war},
journal={First World War Studies},
year={2010},
volume={1},
number={1},
pages={3-14},
doi={10.1080/19475021003621036},
note={cited By 38},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959248539&doi=10.1080%2f19475021003621036&partnerID=40&md5=f4aa398590d91d4287d344ffa0454d62},
affiliation={All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article discusses the widening of the First World War from a European war to a global war and what that meant for the participants. Today's politicians, who talk (albeit tautologically) of an 'increasingly globalized world', forget how already 'globalized' the world seemed in 1914, especially if you happened to live in London. The fact that the First World War was a global war was itself the product of a global order, shaped by the European great powers and held together by an embryonic economic system. The title 'the world war' was a statement about its importance, not a statement about its geographical scale. And yet the French and British official histories, unlike the German, did not use 'world war' in their titles, any more than they had used the phrase during the war itself. They preferred the title 'the Great War', and in English the war only became widely known as the First World War after 1945, in other words after there had been a Second World War. The article explores the implications of the title 'the Great War' and the idea that the war of 1914-1918 was a great European war (a name also used in Britain, especially during the war itself). The article also examines the role of finances in the widening of the war and the global economy during a worldwide conflict. It also discusses the role of empires in the expanding war. However, the financial situation of participants, including those who entered the war at a later date, and the desire for empire were not the only factors in the creation of a global conflict. Decisions made in the interest of individual nations also had an effect on the widening of the war from a regional dispute. The corollary of the article's argument, that the First World War was in some respects an aggregation of regional conflicts, was that the war would not simply end when the European war ended. All that was agreed on 11 November 1918 was the surrender of Germany, largely on terms which reflected the situation within Europe and specifically on the western front. Only here did the guns fell silent at 11am on that day. However, so imperative were the immediate demands of the conflict that there was scant consideration of their long-term effects. Some of the consequences of the fact that the First World War was waged as a global war remained with Europe throughout the ColdWar, and others remain in the Middle East to this day. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={economics;  empire;  global war;  neutrality},
references={Bobbitt, P., (2002) The Shield of Achilles, , London: Alfred A. Knopf; Boell, L., (1951) Die Operationen in Ostafrika, , Hamburg: Dachert; Burk, K., (1985) Britain, America and the Sinews of War, 1914-1918, , Boston: Allen & Unwin; Clarke, I.F., (1997) The Great War with Germany, 1890-1914: Fictions and Fantasies of the Warto- Come, , Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; Cooper, J.M., The power of gold reversed: American loans to Britain, 1915-1917 (1976) Pacific Historical Review, 45 (1), pp. 209-230; De Cecco, M., (1984) The International Gold Standard: Money and Empire. 2nd Ed., , London: Palgrave Macmillan; Dülffer, J., Kriegserwartung und Kriegsbild in Deutschland vor 1914 (1994) Der Erste Weltkrieg: Wirkung, Warnehmung, Analyse, pp. 778-798. , ed. Wolfgang Michalka, Munich: Piper; Echevarria, A.J., (2007) Imagining Future War: The West's Technological Revolution and Visions of War to Come, 1880-1914, , Westport, CT: Praeger; Eichengreen, B., (1992) Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919-1939, , New York: Oxford University Press; Falls, C., (1930) War Books: A Critical Guide. 2nd Ed., , London: Peter Davies; Ferguson, N., (1998) The Pity of War, , London: Allen Lane; Frey, M., Deutsche finanzinteressen an der vereinigten staaten und den niederlanden im ersten weltkrieg (1994) Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen, 53, pp. 327-353; Gehrke, U., (1960) Persien in der Deutschen Orientpolitik Während des Ersten Weltkrieges, , 2 vols. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer; Goodspeed, D.J., (1978) The German Wars 1914-1945, , London: Orbis Books; Green, A., (2003) Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories 1915-1948, , London: Routledge; Herwig, H., The German reaction to the Dreadnought revolution (1991) International History Review, 13 (2), pp. 273-283; Jeffrey, K., (1985) The Military Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson 1918-1922, , London: The Bodley Head for The Army Records Society; Jerabek, R., (1991) Potiorek. General im Schatten von Sarajevo, , Graz: Styria; Knauss, R., (1923) Die Deutsche, Englische und Französische Kriegsfinanzierung, , Berlin: W. de Gruyter; Lewis, G., The Ottoman proclamation of Jihad in 1914 (1977) Arabic and Islamic Garland: Historical, Educational and Literary Papers Presented to Abdul-Latif Tibawi by Colleagues, Friends, and Students, pp. 159-165. , ed. Abdul-Latif Tibawi, London: The Islamic Cultural Centre; Lukacs, J., (1977) The Last European War, , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Michel, M., (1982) L'Appel À l'Afrique: Contributions et Réactions À l'Effort de Guerre en AOF (1914-1919), , Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne; Mombauer, A., (2001) Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Mühlmann, C., (1942) Oberste Heeresleitung und Balkan im Welkrieg 1914-1918, , Berlin: Wilhelm Limpert; Nouailhat, Y.-H., (1979) France et Etats-unis Août 1914-avril 1917, , Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne; Pöhlmann, M., (2002) Kriegsgeschichte und Geschichtspolitik: Der Erste Weltkrieg. Die Amtliche Deutsche Militärgeschichtsschreibung 1914-1956, , Paderborn: Schöningh; Schulte, B.E., (1980) Vor Dem Kreigsausbruch, 1914: Deutschland, Die Türkei und der Balkan, , Dusseldorf: Droste; Tomlinson, H.M., (1930) All Our Yesterdays, , London: Harper and Brothers; Von Moltke, H., (1922) Erinnerungen-Briefe-Dokumente1877-1916, , ed. Eliza von Moltke. Stuttgart: Der Kommende Tag; Wallach, J., (1976) Anatomie Einer Militärhilfe: Die Preussisch-deutschen Militärmissionen in der Türkei 1835-1919, , Dusseldorf: Droste; (1922) Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War 1914-1920, , War Office, London: HMSO},
correspondence_address1={Strachan, H.; All Souls College, , Oxford, United Kingdom; email: hew.strachan@all-souls.ox.ac.uk},
issn={19475020},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={First World War Stud.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sperling201053,
author={Sperling, J.},
title={Germany and America in the twenty-first century: Repeating the post-war patterns of conflict and cooperation},
journal={German Politics},
year={2010},
volume={19},
number={1},
pages={53-71},
doi={10.1080/09644001003588598},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956256262&doi=10.1080%2f09644001003588598&partnerID=40&md5=c11fa867ebd94e8a056e8477e587c8d0},
abstract={Two events have fundamentally altered the trajectory of the post-war German- American relationship into the twenty-first century: the American response to the existential challenge posed to open societies by those aligned with the purposes and methods of al-Qaeda and the Taliban; and the destabilisation of the global economy initiated with the collapse of the international financial system in 2008 conjoined to the largely uncoordinated national policy responses to the ensuing global recession that bears realistic comparison with the twentieth century's Great Depression. Both episodes illustrate Germany's relative decline as a key partner on many issues at the top of the American foreign policy agenda and may be traced to the changed strategic context of the transatlantic area, the rising strategic and economic importance of China for the United States, and Germany's continuing inability and unwillingness to assume a proportionately robust and responsible role towards meeting the challenges posed by growing global disorder. © 2010 Association for the Study of German Politics.},
references={(2006) White Paper 2006 on German Security Policy and the Future of the Bundeswehr, p. 56. , note; Harnisch, S., Internationale Politik unter Verfassung: Die Domestizierung der deutschen Sicherheits-und Europapolitik, p. 286. , note; (1990) 1990 Burdensharing Report: Appendix A, , note; Mauer, V., German Defence Policy: Continuity and Change (2007) CSS Analyses in Security Policy, 2 (14), p. 2. , note; Stephen, F.S., The German American Relationship after Iraq (2007) Germany's Uncertain Power: Foreign Policy of the Berlin Republic, , note; Sperling, J., Webber, M., NATO-From Kosovo to Kabul (2009) International Affairs, 85 (3), pp. 491-512. , note; Gerleman, D.J., Stevens, J.E., Operation Enduring Freedom: Foreign Pledges of Military and Intelligence Support (2001) CRS Report for Congress, , note; (2001) The Petersberg (Bonn-) Accord, , http://www.ag-afghanistan.de/files/petersberg.htm, note; (2009) Revised operational plan for NATO's expanded mission in Afghanistan, , http://www.nato.int/issues/afghanistan_stage3/index.html, note; (2008) ISAF's Strategic Vision, , http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8444.htm, note; (2008) North Atlantic Council Foreign Ministers Meeting, 'Final Communique, , http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_46247.htm?mode=pressrelease, note; Smith, J., Williams, M., (2008) What Lies Beneath: The Future of NATO through the ISAF Prism, p. 3. , note; Morelli, V., Gallis, P., (2008) NATO in Afghanistan: A Test of the Transatlantic Alliance, pp. 34-35. , note; (2009) Fact Sheet: Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (OMLT) Programme, , note; (2004) International Afghanistan Conference, 'Berlin Declaration, , http://www.ag-afghanistan.de/berlindeclaration.pdf, note; (2006) The London Conference on Afghanistan, 'The Afghanistan Compact, , http://www.nato.int/isaf/docu/epub/pdf/afghanistan_compact.pdf, note; (2006) White Paper, pp. 20-23. , note; Jung, F.J., (2007) Globale Aufgaben der NATO, , http://www.bmvg.de, note; Korski, D., (2008) Afghanistan: Europe's Forgotten War, , note; Noetzel, T., Scheipers, S., Coalition Warfare in Afghanistan: Burden-sharing or Disunity? (2007) Briefing Paper, p. 6. , note; Katzman, K., Afghanistan: Post-war Governance, Security, and US Policy (2008) CRS Report for Congress, p. 32. , note; OECD. Stat: Trade in Value by Partner Countries, , http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/Index.aspx?usercontext=sourceoecd, note; (2008) TradeStats Express, , http://www.tradestatsexpress.gov, note; OECD. Stat: Trade in Value by Partner Countries, , note; Morrison, W.M., Labonte, M., (2008) China's Holdings of U.S. Securities: Implications for the U.S. Economy, , note; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (2008) Schlaglichter der Wirtschaftspolitik: Sonderheft Finanzkrise, , note; Merkel, C.A., (2009) Speech at the World Economic Forum, , note; Interview of Angela Merkel (2009) Financial Times, , note; Keitel, H.-P., German Industry Chief hits out at US Stimulus (2009) Financial Times, , note; Furceri, D., Mourougane, A., Financial Crises: Past Lessons and Policy Implications (2009) Economics Department Working Papers No. 668, 9, pp. 15-25. , note; Interview of Angela Merkel (2009) Financial Times, , note; Sanger, D.E., Landler, M., In Europe, Obama Faces Calls for Rules on Finance (2009) New York Times, , note; Benoit, B., Bryant, C., Merkel Warns on Stimulus (2009) Financial Times, , note; Wolf, M., Why G20 Leaders will fail to deal with the Big Challenge (2009) Financial Times, , note; Munchau, W., Germany needs more than an Accounting Trick (2009) Financial Times, , note; Benoit, B., Berlin Forced to Dilute Bad Bank Scheme (2009) Financial Times, , note; Daneshkhu, S., Barber, T., Larsen, P.T., Europe Told to Run Stress Tests (2009) Financial Times, , note; Benoit, B., Daneshkhu, S., Steinbrück says US Tests Worthless (2009) Financial Times, , note; (2009) London Summit-Leaders' Statement, , note; Benoit, B., Bryant, C., German Woes Spark Talk of Weimar (2009) Financial Times, , note; Prasad, E., Sorkin, I., (2009) Assessing the G-20 Economic Stimulus Plans: A Deeper Look, p. 3. , note; Benoit, B., Merkel's Bold Gamble (2009) Financial Times, , note; note; Benoit, B., Berlin Warns US on Inflation Spiral (2009) Financial Times, , note; Kulish, N., Dempsey, J., Merkel is Set to Greet, then Resist, Obama (2009) New York Times, , note; Leonhardt, D., Stimulus Thinking and Nuance (2009) New York Times, , note; Dyer, G., China's Dollar Dilemma (2009) Financial Times, , note; Guha, K., Bernanke Warns on Deficit (2009) Financial Times, , note; (2006) White Paper, p. 22. , note},
correspondence_address1={Sperling, J.},
issn={09644008},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ger. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Walker201052,
author={Walker, R.},
title={Karl Marx between two worlds: The antinomies of Giovanni Arrighi's Adam Smith in Beijing},
journal={Historical Materialism},
year={2010},
volume={18},
number={1},
pages={52-73},
doi={10.1163/156920610X489153},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952530505&doi=10.1163%2f156920610X489153&partnerID=40&md5=a6568152ba3292ba659edbcc19eabd73},
affiliation={University of California-Berkeley, United States},
abstract={Adam Smith in Beijing is a huge and sprawling book, but Giovanni Arrighi has done a great service with his world-historical vision of today's capitalism and the growing rivalry between a fading American empire and the rising power of China. This is a task beyond most of us, and one bound to put the writer at risk of criticism from many quarters. The book shines in two regards. One is to make geographical dynamics central to world-history - which means seeing the global economy as more than the sum of development-histories of many places or, worse, the spread of capitalism from one country to another. A second virtue is embedding economic history in the politics of the international state-system, featuring the use of force, imperial expansion, and the role of hegemonic powers. Nevertheless, Arrighi's economic-geographic analysis fails to convince on a number of critical points, such as the origins of industrial revolution, why Europe overtook China in early modern times, why the US economy faltered after 1970, why finance has run amuck in our time, how Japan grew so enormously after World War II, or why China is expanding so prodigiously today. © 2010 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.},
author_keywords={A.smith;  Capitalism;  China;  D.harvey;  Development;  Empire;  F.braudel;  G.arrighi;  Global economy;  R.brenner;  Space;  World-history},
references={Amsden, A., (1989) Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2001) The Rise of 'the Rest': Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Anderson, P., (1974) Lineages of the Absolutist State, , London: New Left Books/Verso; Jottings on the conjuncture (2007) New Left Review, 2 (48), pp. 5-38; Armstrong, C., Contested peninsula (2008) New Left Review, 2 (51), pp. 115-135; Arrighi, G., (1994) The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times, , London: Verso; (2007) Adam Smith in Beijing: Lineages of the Twenty-First Century, , London: Verso; Baran, P., (1957) The Political Economy of Growth, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Brenner, R., The Agrarian roots of European Capitalism (1982) Past and Present, 97, pp. 16-113; (1993) Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Uneven development and the long downturn: The advanced capitalist economies from boom to stagnation, 1950-1998 (1998) New Left Review, 1 (229), pp. 1-264; (2002) The Boom and the Bubble: The US in the World Economy, , London: Verso; New boom or new bubble? the trajectory of the US economy (2004) New Left Review, 2 (25), pp. 57-99; (2006) The Economics of Global Turbulence: The Advanced Capitalist Economies from Long Boom to Long Downturn, 1945-2005, , London: Verso; Isett, C., England's divergence from China's Yangzi Delta (2002) Journal of Asian Studies, 61 (2), pp. 609-662; Buck, D., The subsumption of space and the spatiality of subsumption: City, country, and the transition to capitalism in Shanghai, China (2007) Antipode, 39 (4), pp. 757-774; Jason, D., Kraemer, K., (1998) Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World?, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Fields, G., (2004) Territories of Profit: Communications, Capitalist Development and the Innovative Enterprises of G.F, Swift and Dell Computer, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Gerlach, M., (1992) Alliance Capitalism: The Social Organization of Japanese Business, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Harvey, D., (1982) The Limits to Capital, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; (2003) The New Imperialism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Herrigel, G., (1996) Industrial Constructions: The Sources of German Industrial Power, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Hounshell, D., (1984) From the American System to Mass Production, 1800-1932, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Hsing, Y.-T., (2010) The Great Urban Transformation: Land Development and Territorial Politics in China, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Huang, P., Development or involution in eighteenth century Britain and China? A review of kenneth pomeranz's the great divergence (2002) Journal of Asian Studies, 61 (2), pp. 501-538; Peter, K., Medich, H., Schlumbolm, J., (1981) Industrialization before Industrialization, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Marglin, S., What do bosses do? (1974) Review of Radical Political Economy, 6 (2), pp. 60-92; McNally, D., (1988) Political Economy and the Rise of Capitalism: A Reinterpretation, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Moore, J., (2007) Ecology and the Rise of Capitalism, , Doctoral dissertation, Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley; North, D., Location theory and regional economic growth (1955) Journal of Political Economy, 63, pp. 243-258; Brian, P., Walker, R., From settlement to fordism: The agro-industrial revolution in the American Midwest (1991) Economic Geography, 67 (4), pp. 281-315; Pomeranz, K., (2000) The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Rosenberg, N., (1982) Inside the Black Box, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Charles, S., Zeitlin, J., Historical alternatives to mass production: Politics, markets and technology in nineteenth century industrialization (1985) Past and Present, 108, pp. 133-176; Sayer, A., (2005) The Moral Significance of Class, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Scranton, P., (1997) Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization, 1865-1925, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Michael, S., Walker, R., (1989) The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology and Industrial Growth, , Cambridge, MA. Basil Blackwell; Strange, S., (1986) Casino Capitalism, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Sung, Y.-W., (2005) The Emergence of Greater China: The Economic Integration of Mainland China, , Taiwan and Hong Kong, Basingstoke: Palgrave; Tabb, W., (1995) The Postwar Japanese System, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Tedlow, R., (1990) New and Improved: The Story of Mass Marketing in America, , New York: Basic Books; (2006) The Economist, 'Survey of China', , 25 March; Von Tunzelmann, G.N., (1978) Steam Power and British Industrialization to 1860, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Wade, R., (1990) Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Wade, R., Veneroso, F., The Asian Crisis: The high debt model versus the wall street-treasury-IMF complex (1998) New Left Review, (228), pp. 3-24; Walker, R., Capitalism's recurrent self-criticism: An evaluation of bob brenner's origins of global turbulence (2000) Historical Materialism, 5, pp. 179-210; California's golden road to riches: Natural resources and regional capitalism, 1848-1940 (2001) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91 (1), pp. 167-199; Buck, D., The Chinese road: Cities in the transition to capitalism (2007) New Left Review, 2 (46), pp. 39-66; Walton, W., (1992) France at the Crystal Palace: Bourgeois Taste and Artisan Manufacture in the 19th Century, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Wong, R.B., (1997) China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press},
correspondence_address1={Walker, R.; University of California-BerkeleyUnited States; email: walker@berkeley.edu},
issn={14654466},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hist. Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Harris2010211,
author={Harris, J. and Davidson, C.},
title={Obama: The new contours of power},
journal={Perspectives on Global Development and Technology},
year={2010},
volume={9},
number={1-2},
pages={211-231},
doi={10.1163/156914910X488013},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950531869&doi=10.1163%2f156914910X488013&partnerID=40&md5=cdf72b2f9ba941a8451536e732cabad8},
affiliation={Department of History, Devry University, Chicago, IL, United States; Networking for Democracy, Chicago, IL, United States},
abstract={Barack Obama's election as US president marks a historic cultural shift in US political life, and is a major victory for progressive forces. But what is the nature of the broad-based alliance that placed him in the White House, how was it forged and from what did it derive its strength? The global economic crisis has shockingly exposed the bankruptcy of hitherto dominant and unfettered neoliberalism and opened the way for setting a genuinely progressive social and economic agenda. This article analyzes the challenges that face the new administration and the balance of progressive forces that could make a profound and lasting difference to US society. © 2010 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.},
author_keywords={'soft' power;  Apollo Alliance;  BRICs;  Civil Rights movement;  Global economic crisis;  Iraq war;  John McCain;  Neoliberalism},
keywords={administration;  civil rights;  civil society;  financial crisis;  global economy;  leadership;  neoliberalism;  political power;  social movement;  war, United States},
references={Anderson, S., Cavanagh, J., Collins, C., Muhammad, D., Pizigati, S., (2008) A Sensible Plan for Recovery, , Washington, Institute for Policy Studies. October 7; Boone, P., Johnson, S., Kwak, J., (2008) An Economic Strategy for Mr. Obama, , www.petersoninstitute.org/publications, Accessed November 11, 2008 at; Brezezinski, Z., Four steps towards calming the chaos in Iraq (2007) Financial Times, , February 2; Brooks, D., (2008) Obama's Money Class, , New York Times. July 1; Bumiller, E., In Afghanistan, Gates talks of troop increases (2008) New York Times, , December 11; Davis, M., (2008) Why Obama's Futurama Can Wait, Schools and Hospitals Should Come First in Any Stimulus Package, , www.tomdispatch.com, Accessed November 19, 2008 at; Foshay, E., Data points: Economic outcomes of the apollo economic recovery act (2008) Apollo News Service, , December 6; Friedman, M., (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, p. 135. , Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Frum, D., Republicans must change to win (2008) Financial Times, p. 11. , July 5; Garten, J., Think globally on financial regulation (2008) Financial Times, , April 4; Geithner, T., (2007) Developments in the Global Economy and Implications for the United States, , New York and Washington, Council on Foreign Relations. January 11; Guerrera, F., Goldman set to sever IIF links (2008) Financial Times, , May 23; Haass, R., What follows American dominion? (2008) Financial Times, p. 11. , April 16; Harris, J., The US military in the era of globalisation (2002) Race and Class, 44 (2), pp. 1-22. , DOI 10.1177/0306396802044002972; Hormats, R., O'Neill, J., A new world faces the next leader (2008) Financial Times, p. 9. , June 27; Johnson, S., (2008) Faltering Economic Growth and the Need for Economic Stimulus, , www.petersoninstitute.org/publications, Testimony before the Hearing of the US Congress Joint Economic Committee on Faltering Economic Growth and the Need for Economic Stimulus. Accessed at; Kotz, D., (2008) Shocked Disbelief, , www.truthout.org/110208B, Accessed November 3 at; Krugman, P., (2008) What to Do, , www.truthout.org/1130008Y, Accessed December 1 at; Landler, M., Global fears of a recession grow (2008) New York Times, , October 7; Moon, B., (2008) We Need A Big Green Jobs Machine, pp. B-9. , San Francisco Chronicle. November 26; Ortiz, P., (2008) On the Shoulders of Giants: Senator Obama and the Future of American Politics, , www.truthout.org, Accessed November 25 at; Plender, J., The return of the state (2008) Financial Times, p. 9. , August 21; Robinson, W., Harris, J., Towards a global ruling class: Globalization and the transnational capitalist class (2000) Science & Society, 64 (1), p. 43. , Spring; Rodrik, D., (2008) No Cheers for Globalisation, , Guardian. July 31; Rubin, B., Rashid, A., From Great Game to grand bargain (2008) Foreign Affairs, , November/December; Sevastopulo, D., Here, we are not launching missiles, we are launching ideas (2008) Financial Times, p. 6. , July 2; Shane, S., Global forecast by American intelligence expects Al Qaeda's appeal to falter (2008) New York Times, , November 21; Skapinker, M., Virtue's reward (2008) Financial Times, p. 8. , April 28; Stiglitz, J., (2008) Reversal of Fortune, , www.truthout.org/103108R, Accessed November 3 at; Summers, L., A strategy to promote healthy globalisation (2008) Financial Times, p. 9. , May 5; Wolf, M., The rescue of Bear Stearns marks liberalisation's limit (2008) Financial Times, , March 26; Wong, E., Booming, China faults U.S. policy on the economy (2008) New York Times, , June 17; Zakaria, F., The post-American world (2008) New York Times, , May 6; Zweig, M., Zhu, J., Wolman, D., (2008) Economic Stimulus and Economically Distressed Workers, , New York, Center for Study of Working Class Life, University of New York Stony Brook. September 29},
correspondence_address1={Harris, J.; Department of History, , Chicago, IL, United States; email: gharris234@comcast.net},
issn={15691500},
coden={PGDTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Perspect. Global Dev.Technol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Becker2010251,
author={Becker, D.},
title={The neoliberal moment: Communicative interaction and a discursive analysis of the global political economy},
journal={International Politics},
year={2010},
volume={47},
number={2},
pages={251-268},
doi={10.1057/ip.2010.1},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950524276&doi=10.1057%2fip.2010.1&partnerID=40&md5=8aae095576f1591649584bfc532f8aa6},
affiliation={College of St Benedict, Saint John's University, PO Box 2000, Collegeville, MN 56321, United States},
abstract={This article is motivated by two trends in international relations (IR): the general trend toward global neoliberalism, and the discursive turn in IR scholarship. Neoliberalism, while not fully practised anywhere, has become the dominant discourse and normative measure of economic policy ideas around which policy debates coalesce. This all is the more noticeable among the lesser-developed countries. This article attempts to explain this gradual shift in the global political economy where most discussions centre around a core set of ideas and beliefs about how the system ought to function. Given that evidence of this ideational/discursive shift predates the end of the Cold War and changed out of step with the steady growth in economic interdependence, new approaches are warranted. What is argued here is that the study of social interaction among states will shed considerable light onto how the international system has developed into its current state. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.},
author_keywords={Global political economy;  International relations;  International system;  Neoliberalism},
keywords={developing world;  economic policy;  global economy;  international relations;  neoliberalism;  paradigm shift;  political discourse;  political economy;  state role},
references={Adler, E., Haas, P., Conclusion: Epistemic communities, world order, and the creation of a reflective research program (1992) International Organization 46, (WINTER), pp. 367-390; Alfred, T., (1999) Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto, , New York: Oxford University Press; Archarya, A., How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism (2004) International Organization, 58 (SPRING), pp. 239-275; Biersteker, T., The triumph of neoclassical economics in the developing world: Policy convergence in bases of governance in the international economic order (1992) Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics, , J. Rosenau and E. Czempiel (eds.). 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Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Escobar, A., (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Foucault, M., (1972) The Archaeology of Knowledge: And the Discourse on Language, , New York: Pantheon Books; Foucault, M., (1973) The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, , New York: Vintage Books; Fraser, N., Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere, , C. Calhoun (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Fraser, N., Politics, culture, and the public sphere: Toward a postmodern conception (1995) Social Postmodernism: Beyond Identity Politics, , L. Nicholson and S. Seidman (eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press; Gadzey, A., The political economy of centralization and delayed capitalism in sub-Saharan Africa (1995) The Changing Political Economy of the Third World, , M. Dorraj (ed.). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Giddens, A., (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Giddens, A., (1984) The Constitution of Society, , Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; (1964) Joint Declaration of the Seventy-seven Developing Countries Made at the Conclusion of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, , Group of 77. 15 June, Geneva, Switzerland; (1967) First Ministerial Meeting of the Group of 77: Charter of Algiers, , Group of 77. 10-25 October, Algiers, Algeria; (1975) Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development Cooperation, , Group of 77. Algiers, Algeria, 15-18 February; (1989) Caracas Declaration of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Group of 77 on the Occasion of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Group, , Group of 77. 21-23 June, Caracas, Venezuela; (2000) Group of 77 South Summit: Havana Programme of Action, , Group of 77. 10-14 April, Havana, Cuba; Haas, P., (1990) Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation, , New York: Columbia University Press; Haas, P., Introduction: Epistemic communities and international policy coordination (1992) International Organization, 46 (WINTER), pp. 1-35; Haas, P., Banning chlorofluorocarbons: Epistemic community efforts to protect stratospheric ozone (1992) International Organization, 46 (WINTER), pp. 187-224; Habermas, J., (1984) The Theory of Communicative Action, , Translated by T. McCarthy Boston. MA: Beacon Press; Halberstam, J., (1998) Female Masculinity, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Holzscheiter, A., Discourse as capability: Non-state actors' capital in global governance (2005) Millennium, 33 (3), pp. 723-746; Jackson, P.T., (2006) Civilizing the Enemy: German Reconstruction and the Invention of the West, , Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press; (1997) Journal of the Group of 77, , 10(March/April); Non-alignment movement summit closes with call for a new global human order (2003) Journal of the Group of 77, , Journal of the Group of 77. 16(January-March) 7-8; Kratochwil, F., (1989) Rules, Norms, and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Krebs, R., Jackson, P.T., Twisting tongues and twisting arms: The power of political rhetoric (2007) European Journal of International Relations, 13 (1), pp. 35-66; Milliken, J., The study of discourse in international relations: A critique of research and methods (1999) European Journal of International Relations, 5 (2), pp. 225-254; Mitzen, J., Reading habermas in anarchy: Multilateral diplomacy and global public spheres (2005) American Political Science Review, 99 (3), pp. 401-418; Nandy, A., The beautiful, expanding future of poverty: Popular economics as a psychological defense (2002) International Relations and the New Inequality, , M.K. 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(2006) European Journal of International Relations, 12 (3), pp. 307-340. , DOI 10.1177/1354066106067345; Rothstein, R., (1977) The Weak in the World of the Strong: The Developing Countries in the International System, , New York: Columbia University Press; Rothstein, R., (1979) Global Bargaining: UNCTAD and the Quest for A New International Economic Order, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Scott, J., (1985) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Simmons, B.A., Elkins, Z., The globalization of liberalization: Policy diffusion in the international political economy (2004) American Political Science Review, 98 (1), pp. 171-189; Shapiro, M., (1981) Language and Political Understanding: The Politics of Discursive Practices, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Shapiro, M., Social science, geophilosophy and inequality (2002) International Relations and the New Inequality, , M. Pasha and C. Murphy (eds.). New York: Blackwell Publishing; Stone, R.W., The political economy of IMF lending in Africa (2004) American Political Science Review, 98 (4), pp. 577-591; Taylor, I., Nel, P., 'New Africa', globalisation and the confines of elite reformism: 'Getting the rhetoric right', getting the strategy wrong (2002) Third World Quarterly, 23 (1), pp. 163-180. , DOI 10.1080/01436590220108225; (1975) Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Cooperation, , United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Lima, Peru 12-26 March; Wavell, B., (1986) Language and Reason, , New York: M De Gruyter; Weldes, J., (1999) Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis, , Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; (1987) Our Common Future, , World Commission on Environment and Development. New York: Oxford University Press. Ž; Žižek, S., (2009) Twenty Years of Collapse New York Times, , 9 November},
correspondence_address1={Becker, D.; College of St Benedict, PO Box 2000, Collegeville, MN 56321, United States; email: derickbecker@gmail.com},
issn={13845748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mawdsley201081,
author={Mawdsley, E. and McCann, G.},
title={The Elephant in the Corner? Reviewing India-Africa Relations in the New Millennium},
journal={Geography Compass},
year={2010},
volume={4},
number={2},
pages={81-93},
doi={10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00300.x},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954236821&doi=10.1111%2fj.1749-8198.2009.00300.x&partnerID=40&md5=1ee2f010b9abace1a5d3fe2ad530a4ad},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom},
abstract={As countries of the 'global South' seek to challenge existing uneven architectures of economic, political and institutional power, now under different circumstances to those prevailing during the Cold War, relations between African countries and various 'Rising Powers' have drawn a great deal of academic and public attention. This scrutiny has been heavily tilted towards analysis of China's African activities. This paper aims to partially redress this balance with an introductory review of India's contemporary relations with sub-Saharan Africa. A number of analysts suggest that in the longer term, India may well achieve a more prosperous and stable economy than China, while in the shorter term, its economic and political profile may result in a more productive relationship for many different African countries, sectors and constituencies. But India will also bring its own challenges in its African commercial interactions, bilateral relations and through its part in shaping the multilateral polity and global economy. This paper therefore aims to critically review contemporary India-Africa relations on four broad thematic points.1. Changing geographies of Indo-African relations; 2. Trade and foreign direct investment; 3. Development cooperation; and. 4.Geopolitics and diplomacy. India's confidence as a global political and economic actor is apparent in its African diplomacy and economic engagements, but claims to exceptionalism (relative both to Chinese and Western actors) in such relations are not as self-evident as some have asserted. Whether recent shifts in relations between African nations and India will work in the interests of less privileged citizens, workers and consumers in Africa and in India also remain unclear. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={bilateral agreement;  diplomatic relations;  economic relations;  foreign direct investment;  geopolitics;  global economy;  institutional framework;  international relations;  political relations;  power relations;  trade flow, Africa;  China;  India},
references={Aalen, L., Tronvoll, K., The 2008 Ethiopian local elections: the return of electoral authoritarianism (2009) African Affairs, 108 (430), pp. 111-120; Abbink, J., Discomfiture of democracy? The 2005 election crisis in Ethiopia and its aftermath (2006) African Affairs, 105 (419), pp. 173-199; Abraham, T., Reviving an old dream of Afro-Asian Cooperation (2005) YaleGlobal, 24. , http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/reviving-old-dream-afro-asian-cooperation, [online]. Retrieved on 26 November 2008 from; Agrawal, S., (2007) Emerging donors in international development assistance: the India case, , Ottawa, International Development Research Centre; (2008) China returns to Africa: a superpower and a continent embrace, , Alden C, Large D, Soares de Oliveira R. eds, London, Hurst; Alves, P., India and South Africa: shifting priorities? (2007) South African Journal of International Affairs, 14 (2), pp. 87-110; Ampiah, K., Japan and the development of Africa: The Tokyo International Conference on African Development (2005) African Affairs, 104 (414), pp. 97-115; Armijo, L.E., The BRICs countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) as an analytical category: mirage or insight (2007) Asian Perspectives, 31 (4), pp. 7-42; Arrighi, G., Hegemony unraveling - I (2005) New Left Review, 32, pp. 23-80. , March-April; Arrighi, G., Hegemony Unraveling - II (2005) New Left Review, 33, pp. 83-116. , May-June; Beri, R., Africa's energy potential: prospects for India (2005) Strategic Analysis, 29 (3), pp. 370-394; Beri, R., India's role in keeping peace in Africa (2008) Strategic Analysis, 32 (2), pp. 197-221; Bose, S., (2006) A hundred horizons: the Indian Ocean in the age of global empire, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Bourantonis, D., Magliveras, K., The enlargement of the UN Security Council: reflections from the current debate (2002) Politics, 22 (1), pp. 24-30; Bradford, C.I., Linn, J.F., Global economic governance at a crossroads: replacing the G-7 with the G-20 (2004), Brooking Institute Policy Brief 131; Brautigam, D., (1998) Chinese aid and African development: exporting green revolution, , London, Macmillan Press; Brautigham, D., (2009) The dragon's gift. The real story of China in Africa, , Oxford, Oxford University Press; Braveboy-Wagner, J., (2009) Institutions of the global South, , London and New York, Routledge; Broadman, H.G., (2007) Africa's silk road: China and India's new economic frontier, , Washington, World Bank; Carmody, P., An Asian-driven economic recovery in Africa? The Zambian case (2009) World Development., 37 (7), pp. 1197-1207; Chan, S., (2008) China, the U.S., and the power-transition theory, , Abingdon, UK, Routledge; India as an emerging donor (2009) Economic and Political Weekly, 64, pp. 11-14; Chhabra, H.S., (1989) Nehru and resurgent Africa, , Delhi, Kalinga Publications; Chhabra, H.S., South-South Cooperation - India and Africa (1997) Africa, India & South-South Cooperation, pp. 485-498. , Vohra N N, Mathews K. eds, New Delhi, Har-Anand; Aid: old morality and new realities (2003) Economic and Political Weekly, 38 (4). , June 14; Donnelly, E., Japan-African engagement and TICAD IV: can Japan lead the way on African development? (2008) Chatham House Briefing Paper, , 08/01. July 2008; Dowden, R., (2009) Africa: altered states, ordinary miracles, , London, Portobello; Goldstein, A., Pinaud, N., Reisen, H., (2006) The rise of India and China: what's in it for Africa?, , Paris, OECD; Grimm, S., Humphrey, J., Lundsgaarde, E., John de Sousa, S.-L., European development cooperation to 2020: challenges by new actors in international development (2009), EDC Working Paper; Harris, D., Vittorini, S., Slow but steady, like the elephant': Indian trade, aid and investment in West Africa (2008), Seminar paper delivered to Africa Asia Centre, School of Oriental and African Studies, 9 December 2008; (2008) India in Africa, Africa in India: Indian Ocean cosmopolitanisms, , Hawley J C. ed, Bloomington, Indiana University Press; Asian drivers: opportunities and threats (2006) IDS Bulletin, 37 (1), pp. 1-160; Jobelius, M., New powers for global change? (2007) Challenges for international development cooperation: the case of India, , FES Briefing Paper 5, Berlin, March 2007; Kaplinsky, R., Farooki, M., (2009) Africa's cooperation with new and emerging development partners: options for Africa's development, , New York, United Nations; Kragelund, P., The return of the Non-DAC donors to Africa: new prospects for African development (2008) Development Policy Review, 26 (5), pp. 555-584; Kraxberger, B.M., The United States and Africa: shifting geopolitics in an 'Age of Terror' (2005) Africa Today, 52 (1), pp. 47-68; Kurlantzick, J., (2007) Charm offensive: how China's soft power is transforming the World, , New Haven, Yale University Press; Lall, M., (2001) India's missed opportunity. India's relations with the non-resident Indians, , London, Ashgate; Langhammer, R.J., China and the G-21: a new North-South divide in the WTO after Cancun? (2005) Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 10 (3), pp. 339-358; Large, D., China and the contradictions of 'Non-interference' in Sudan (2008) Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 93-106; (2007) African perspectives on China in Africa, , Manji F, Marks S. eds, Oxford, Fahamu; Manning, R., Will 'Emerging' donors challenge the face of international co-operation? (2006) Development Policy Review, 24 (4), pp. 371-383; Mawdsley, E., China and Africa: emerging challenges to the geographies of power (2007) Geography Compass, 1 (3), pp. 405-421; Mawdsley, E., Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the dark continent? Representing China, Africa and the West in British broadsheet newspapers' (2008) Political Geography, 27 (5), pp. 509-529; Metcalf, T.R., (2007) Imperial connections: India in the Indian Ocean arena, 1860-1920, , Berkeley, University of California Press; Mohan, G., Power, M., New African choices? The politics of Chinese engagement in Africa and the changing architecture of international development (2008) Review of African Political Economy, 35 (1), pp. 23-42; Nye, J., (2005) Soft power: the means to success in world politics, , Washington, Public Affairs Press; Pan, C., The 'China Threat' in American self-imagination: the discursive construction of the tother as power politics (2004) Alternatives, 29, pp. 305-331; Pham, J.P., India's expanding relations with Africa and their implications for U.S. interests (2007) American Foreign Policy Interests, 2, pp. 341-352; Price, G., Diversity in donorship: the changing landscape of official humanitarian aid: India's official aid programme (2005), Overseas Development Institute HPG Background Paper; Ramo, J.C., (2005) The Beijing consensus: notes on the new physics of Chinese power, , London, The Foreign Policy Centre; Reddy, E.S., (1987) Struggle for freedom in southern Africa: its international significance, , New Delhi, Mainstream; Sahni, V., India's foreign policy: key drivers (2007) South African Journal of International Affairs, 14 (2), pp. 21-35; Sheth, V.S., Factoring energy security in India-Africa relations (2007) The Icfai Journal of International Relations, 1 (3), pp. 60-66; Singh, S.K., India and West Africa: a burgeoning relationship (2007), Chatham House Africa Programme, Briefing Paper, April 2007; Sinha, P., Looking beyond India's development cooperation program: opportunities and threats for East Africa (2009), Conference paper presented at 'Contemporary India-East Africa: Shifting terrains of engagement', BIEA, April 2009; Taylor, I., (2006) China and Africa: engagement and compromise, , Abingdon, Routledge; Tinker, H., (1974) A new system of slavery. The export of Indian labour overseas 1830-1920, , London, Oxford University Press; Tull, D., China's engagement in Africa: scope, significance and consequence (2006) Journal of Modern African Studies, 44 (3), pp. 459-479; Vines, A., Sidiropolous, E., Africa: 'Quiet' India could offer lessons to continent (2008), http://allafrica.com/stories/200804070001.html, [guest column]; Wilson, D., Purushotaman, R., Dreaming with BRICs: the path to 2050 (2003), Goldman Sachs: Global Economics Paper 99; (2006) Draft report of the meeting of the task force in Africa's strategic partnership with emerging powers: China, India and Brazil, , Addis Adaba, African Union Commission; Baker, K., Edmonds, R.L., Transfer of Taiwanese ideas and technology to The Gambia, West Africa. A viable approach to agricultural development (2004) Geographical Journal, 170 (3), pp. 189-211; Bava, U.S., New powers for global change? India's role in the emerging world order (2007), FES Briefing Paper, Berlin, March 2007; Bullion, A., India in Sierra Leone: a case of muscular peacekeeping (2001) International Peacekeeping, 8 (4), pp. 77-91; Carmody, P., Owosu, F., Competing hegemons? Chinese vs. American geo-economic strategies in Africa (2007) Political Geography, 26 (5), pp. 504-524; Guenther, B., 'The Asian drivers and the resource curse in Sub-Saharan Africa: the potential impacts of rising commodity prices for conflict and governance in the DRC' (2008) The European Journal of Development Research, 20 (2), pp. 347-363; Harris, J., Emerging third world powers: China, India and Brazil (2005) Race and Class, 46 (3), pp. 7-27; Humphrey, J., Messner, D., China and India as emerging global governance actors: challenges for developing and developed countries. Asian drivers: opportunities and threats (2006) IDS Bulletin, 37 (1), pp. 107-114; (2005) India and Africa: partners in peace and progress, , New Delhi, Government of India; Price, G., India's aid dynamics: from recipient to donor? (2004), RIIA Asia Programme Working Paper; Sharma, D., Mahajan, D., Energising ties: the politics of oil (2007) South African Journal of International Affairs, 14 (2), pp. 37-52; Sheth, V.V., (2000) Globalisation and interdependence: Africa and India, , Mumbai, Center for African Studies; (2007) Indian foreign policy: challenges and opportunities, , Sinha A, Mohta M. eds, New Delhi, Academic Foundation; (1976) India and the African liberation struggle, , Delhi, Indian National Congress; Singh, R.I., (2005) India, Africa ready to embrace global destiny, , Delhi, Ministry of External Affairs},
correspondence_address1={Mawdsley, E.; Department of Geography, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, United Kingdom; email: eem10@cam.ac.uk},
issn={17498198},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geogr. Compass},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Herd2010193,
author={Herd, G.P.},
title={Great powers: Towards a “cooperative competitive” future world order paradigm?},
journal={Great Powers and Strategic Stability in the 21st Century: Competing Visions of World Order},
year={2010},
pages={193-208},
doi={10.4324/9780203865828-22},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122382494&doi=10.4324%2f9780203865828-22&partnerID=40&md5=17b938f4a46abd817336f0c28b0dc3e4},
affiliation={Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP), International Training Course in Security Policy (ITC), Switzerland},
abstract={It is almost axiomatic in international relations to argue that the current international system and power relations between states are shaped by two dynamic trends - the centrifugal force inherent in the move to a multipolar world and the centripetal impulse of interdependence. The first is generated by a shift in the relative balance of global power to East Asia and South Asia from the West, hitherto the center of gravity of political and economic activity and international affairs. The second is a deepening economic, environmental and energy interdependence as demand outstrips supply, leading to the convergence of national and global interests. Under such conditions, the previous durable, tolerable hegemony exercised by a single state - the US - is understood to be “decreasingly sustainable.”1 Past practice is challenged by present realities: emergent centers of global power may create an institutionalized directorate of Great Powers acting in concert or as a coalition-based hegemony. A US National Intelligence Council report, aptly entitled Global Trends 2025 - A Transformed World, predicts a revolutionized international system, as new players gain seats at the international high table to which they will bring new stakes and rules of the game.2 In an era of growing complexity and dislocation, the emergence of China, India and the EU as new Great Powers - and the re-emergence of Russia as an old one - constitutes the central dynamic of the current and future global system. Indeed, global financial crisis is understood to have powerfully reinforced - psychologically, politically and economically - this underlying global strategic paradigm shift. Javier Solana has observed that “the crisis is accelerating the power shift from the West to the East. This is true both in terms of material resources and ideological pull.”3 Niall Fergusson has characterized the crisis as an “axis of upheaval, " with unpredictable and unintended geopolitical consequences, as it coincides with the depletion of non-renewable energy sources, a tipping point for global climate change and turbulence associated with a declining world hegemon - the US.4 The crisis does indeed appear to have caused a realignment of influence of various countries and highlighted a structural change in the global economy, characterized by an accelerated power shift toward Asia and a multipolar global order. BRICs, especially China, enjoy a stronger relative global position to the US and Europe, whose standing as a credible model has been weakened. Creditor autocracies now enjoy greater influence over, and independence from, debtor democracies and are less constrained in their behavior. Protectionism, resource nationalism, the continued Balkanization of the Internet and the weakening of core alliances all testify to the reassertion of state control over economies and societies. Such policies risk creating an inwardlooking “beggar-thy-neighbor” environment, in which zero-sum balance of power logic is the dominant force. If this becomes the predominant trend, challengers to US hegemony may well loosen ties with the political West, and emergent Great Powers could increase political, security and financial ties between each other, creating a parallel order. Certainly, increasing power and status is the stated national strategic goal of all emergent Great Powers, as the authors who focused on the emergent Great Powers in Part III of this volume have observed. Bates Gill argues that China is as an emergent center of global power, with its growing diplomatic and economic weight in global affairs, deepening integration into a more globalized world, and its increasing ability to shape the future world order. Pavel Baev notes that Russia seeks a restoration of its Great Power status within a globalized multipolar rather than unipolar or non-polar world. Russia believes that the “post-Cold War model of globalization shaped by US domination and based on Western norms and values is breaking down” and interstate relations in the 2010s will be characterized by “tougher competition and less binding cooperation.” Thierry Tardy argues that, with 27 states, the EU is one of a kind in the international system, a unique hybrid actor that has the potential to act as an independent pole within a multipolar system. In a globalizing world, it can maximize its soft power and translate its global economic role into global political influence, so consolidating its role as a nascent global player. Siddharth Varadarajan discusses India as an emerging economic and democratic Great Power, arguing that “since the end of the Cold War and especially after India tested a series of nuclear devices in May 1998 and openly proclaimed its nuclear weapons status, Indian strategic thinkers have argued that the world is ‘multipolar’ or ‘polycentric’.” Historically, with few exceptions, hegemonic transition has occurred as challengers accumulate political-ideological, military and economic power until a tipping point is reached and a paradigm shift enacted through violent overthrow. Hegemonic transition is therefore considered inherently destabilizing and turbulent. However, in an age of nuclear deterrence, military and coercive force-led hegemonic challenge is untenable. Such an approach would destroy the very object that the transition would seek to secure - the leadership of a viable and functional global system. Moreover, when we examine market-authoritarian Russia and China, there appears to be no ideational challenge from these emergent Great Powers and potential hegemonic challengers, with free-market capitalism the accepted global default system.5 Pavel Baev characterizes Russia’s governance model as a “quasi-democratic and hyper-centralized system of power based on a symbiosis between top bureaucracy and big business, " which has proven vulnerable in the face of the global financial crisis. Indeed, in September 2009 President Medvedev himself, in a remarkably frank article, criticized Rus- sia’s “humiliating” dependence on raw materials, as well as its “inefficient economy, a semi-Soviet social sphere, an immature democracy, negative demographic trends, an unstable Caucasus.”6 Bates Gill emphasizes the importance China places on bilateral and multilateral cooperation within key international organizations and international law, as they are considered the most appropriate instruments to mediate challenges to global and regional stability within a “democratic world order.” When turning to India and the EU, we can also note qualifications and restraints that undercut Great Power hegemonic challenger considerations. Siddharth Varadarajan recognizes that India, as a rising power, “is not preoccupied with peer competitors and is wary of getting ensnared in rivalry between the Great Powers. The Indian conception of a stable world order, at the end of the day, is one that is based on cooperation driven by shared interests and common perceptions about where the principal threats and challenges to security lie. Such a framework will still allow for the pursuit of national interests by individual countries, so long as the temptation to think of power in zero-sum terms is kept firmly at bay.” Thierry Tardy argues that the EU, while being “potentially wellequipped and relatively strong” in practice, suffers from a number of key weaknesses that are true limitations to the expression of its potential. More worrying is the fact that the decades ahead will in all likelihood offer an international environment that will not work to Europe’s advantage. © 2010 Selection and editorial matter, Graeme P. Herd.},
correspondence_address1={Herd, G.P.; Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP), Switzerland},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135233402; 9780415560542},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Great Powers and Strategic Stab. in the 21st Century: Competing Visions of World Order},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Zhenglai20101,
author={Zhenglai, D.},
title={Introduction to series on developing china vol. 2: State and civil society: The chinese perspectives},
journal={State and Civil Society: The Chinese Perspective},
year={2010},
pages={1-22},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116573255&partnerID=40&md5=6b3d87cbc5df435bea19dcbe1a5c972e},
affiliation={Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China},
abstract={Since the 1980s, the end of ideological warfare characterized by the Cold War and the Iron Curtain has enabled globalization to manifest itself in two dimensions. Firstly, the transformation to market economy in postsocialist countries accelerated global economic interdependency. Globality as encapsulated in such international organizations as the WTO, theWorld Bank and the IMF, together with the emergence of global issues and common crises, has an enhanced capacity to weaken national sovereignty. As Robert Reich pointed out, “[t]he transformation we are experiencing now will reshuffle politics and economy in the new age, which will render a series of traditional concepts obsolete, such as national product, technology, company, industry or economy. Within national boundaries will only be left the people that form the country… The centrifugal force of global economy has been trying to weaken the bond that traditionally holds a nation together”. As a matter of fact, billions of people, in almost every nation the world over, have their daily life affected to a certain degree by the globalization that has been unprecedentedly omnipotent and ubiquitous. © 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.},
references={Beck, U., The desirable growth of democracy in globalization (2000) Globalization and Politics, , Beck, U. and J. Habermas (eds.). Translated by Wang, Xuedong; Chai, Fangguo. Beijing: Central Compilation and Translation Press; Beck, U., (2000) What is Globalization?, , London: Polity; Chen, J., The hegelian civil society and its relation with other countries (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (3); Cox, R., Different perspectives on globalization (2002) The Discourse on Globalization, , Wu, S. (ed.). Shanghai: DSX Joint Press; Dahrendorf, R., Globalization (1998) Re-Inventing Europe: A Cosmopolitan Vision, , Beck, U. and E. Grande (eds.). Frankfurt: Suhrkamp; Deng, Z., Civil society and state (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (3); Deng, Z., Study of civil society in taiwan (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (4); Deng, Z., State and society (1996) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1996 (5); Deng, Z., (2006) China Jurisprudence: Where to Go? (Zhongguo Faxue Xiang Hechu Qu), , Beijing: Commercial Press; Deng, Z., Advanced study and the development of chinese social science (27 dec 2008) (2008) Wenhui Bao; Deng, Z., (2009) Whose Globalization? Which Jurisprudence? (Shui Zhi Quanqiuhua? Hezhong Fazhexue?), , Beijing: Commercial Press; Deng, Z., Yuejin, J., The construction of the chinese civil society (1996) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1992 (1); Fang, C., Civil society and legitimacy of capitalist nations (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (3); Giddens, A., (2001) Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives, , Translated by Zhou, Hongyun. Nanchang: Jiangxi People’s Publishing House; Habermas, J., Habermas on globalism, neoliberalism and modernity. Translated by shen, hongwen (2002) International Theoretical Frontiers (Guowai Lilun Dongtai), p. 1; He, B., The ideas of civil society in mainland china and taiwan, 1986-92 (1995) Issues & Studies, 1995. , (June); He, Z., Civil society and cultural leadership (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (3); Held, D., McGrew, A.G., (2001) Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture, , Translated by Yang, Xuedong. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press; Jiang, Q., Confucianism (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (3); Jing, Y., The symposium on “civil society and china’s modernization” (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (4); Lin, Y., Backward advantage and disadvantages (Houfa youshi yu houfa lieshi) (8 july 2002) (2002) News Weekly (Xinwen Zhoukan), pp. 68-69; Lu, P., China’s history and the construction of civil society (1994) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1994 (3); Martin, H.P., Schumann, H., (1998) The Global Trap: Globalization and the Assault on Prosperity and Democracy, , Translated by Zhang, Shipeng. Beijing: Central Compilation and Translation Press; McChesney, R.W., Introduction (2000) Neoliberalism and the Global Order, , Chomsky, N. (ed.). Translated by Xu, Haiming and Ji, Haihong. Nanjing: Jiangsu People’s Press; Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., (2000) The Limits to Growth, , Translated by Li, Tao. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press; Mesarovic, M.D., Pestel, E., (1987) Mankind at The Turning Point: The Second Report to The Club of Rome, , Translated by Lin, Changyi. Beijing: China Peace Press; Qin, H., The origin and prospect of the miracle of china (Zhongguo qiji de xingcheng yu weilai) (21 feb 2008) (2008) South Weekend (Nanfang Zhoumo); Reich, R., (1994) Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21St-Century Capitalism, , Translated by Xu, Dizhou. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House; Scholte, J.A., (2003) Globalization, , Translated by Wang, Yanli. Changchun: Jilin People’s Press; Shi, X., Modernization and chinese civil society (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (2); Sklair, L., Several sociological concepts on globalization (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly (HK), p. 5; Smith, P., One world: Globality and generality (2001) Symptoms of Globalization; Tong, S., Civil society in the post-marxist perspective (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (4); Waters, M., (1995) Globalization, , London: Routledge; Xia, W., Civil society to china: A dream hard to fulfil in the short term (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (4); Xiao, G., Civil society and china’s modernization: Three barriers (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (4); Xie, W., The mobility of social resources and social stratification (1993) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (3); Zhang, S., What is globalization? (2000) Europe (Ouzhou), p. 1; Zhu, Y., Several preliminary suggestions on the chinese civil society (1994) China Social Sciences Quarterly, 1993 (2)},
correspondence_address1={Zhenglai, D.; Fudan UniversityChina},
publisher={World Scientific Publishing Co.},
isbn={9789814313582},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={State and Civil Society: The Chinese Perspective},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Grigoriev201031,
author={Grigoriev, L. and Ivashchenko, A.},
title={The theory of cycle under the crisis blow},
journal={Voprosy Ekonomiki},
year={2010},
volume={2010},
number={10},
pages={31-55},
doi={10.32609/0042-8736-2010-10-31-55},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065756471&doi=10.32609%2f0042-8736-2010-10-31-55&partnerID=40&md5=c8f1820611385455ff906d6b64fae2f1},
affiliation={International University in Moscow, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation},
abstract={The modern theory of cyclical fluctuations and its relevancy to actual processes in the global economy are discussed in the article. It points to the limited applicability of the theory to practical needs of households, businesses and governments. Possible directions of the theory evolution are considered: More focus on financial shocks, strengthening microeconomic foundations, selection of more homogeneous periods with specific features and shocks for analysis. The breakdown of post-war period into three relatively homogeneous sub-periods named "stationary regimes" is proposed. These sub-periods are separated on the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the group of economic indicators. The global crisis of 2008-2009 is defined as a turning point between the 3rd and the expected 4th "stationary regimes". Assumptions are suggested concerning possible features of economic growth in the next "stationary regime" as well as their reflection in the theory of cycle. © 2010, Russian Presidental Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Crisis;  Stationary regime;  Theory of cycle},
references={Balashova, E., Finn Kyudland i Edvard Preskott: Dvizhushchie sily ekonomicheskikh tsiklov (Nobelevskaya premiya 2004 g. po ekonomike) (2005) Voprosy Ekonomiki, 1, pp. 133-143; Blaug, M., (2004) Metodologiya Ekonomicheskoi Nauki, Ili Kak Ekonomisty Ob"Yasnyayut, , M.: Zhurnal Voprosy ekonomiki; Grigor'ev, L.M., (1988) Tsiklicheskoe Nakoplenie Kapitala (Na Primere Nefinansovykh Korporatsii Ssha), , M.: Nauka; Grigor'ev, L., Salikhov, M., Mesto i rol' SShA v mezhdunarodnoi finansovoi sisteme (2010) Ssha V Poiskakh Otvetov Na Vyzovy XXI Veka (Sotsial'no-Ekonomicheskii Aspekt)/Pod Red E. V. Kirichenko, , M.: IMEMO RAN; Grigor'ev, L., Salikhov, M., Finansovaya arkhitektura: Ekstrennyi remont (2009) Rossiya V Global'noi Politike, p. 4; Entov, R.M., Nekotorye problemy issledovaniya delovykh tsiklov (2009) Finansovyi Krizis V Rossii I V Mire, , Pod red. E. T. Gaidara. M.: Prospekt; Aguiar, M., Gopinath, G., Emerging Market Business Cycles: The Cycle Is the Trend (2007) The Journal of Political Economy, 115 (1), pp. 69-102; Blanchard, O., Dellariccia, G., Mauro, P., Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy (2010) IMF Staff Position Note, (10); Blanchard, O., Simon, J., The Long and Large Decline in U.S. Output Volatility (2001) Brookingspapers on Economic Activity, 32 (1), pp. 135-164; Burns, A., Mitchell, W., (1946) Measuring Business Cycles, , N. Y.: NBER; Burnside, S., Eichenbaum, M., Rebelo, S., Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle (1993) The Journal of Political Economy, 101 (2), pp. 245-273; Christiano, L., Motto, R., Rostagno, M., Shocks, Structures or Monetary Policies? The Euro Area and US after 2001 (2008) Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 32 (8), pp. 2476-2506; Cooley, T., Hansen, G., The Inflation Tax in a Real Business Cycle Model (1989) The American Economic Review, 79 (4), pp. 733-748; Correia, I., Neves, J., Rebelo, S., Business Cycles in a Small Open Economy (1995) European Economic Review, 39 (6), pp. 1089-1113; Finn, M., Perfect Competition and the Effects of Energy Price Increases on Economic Activity (2000) Journal of Money Credit and Banking, 32 (3), pp. 400-416; Gali, J., Monacelli, T., Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate Volatility in a Small Open Economy (2005) Review of Economic Studies, 72 (3), pp. 707-734; Garcia-Cicco, J., Pancrazi, R., Uribe, M., Real Business Cycle in Emerging Countries? (2006) NBER Working Paper, (12629); Jaimovich, N., Rebelo, S., Can News about the Future Drive the Business Cycle (2009) American Economic Review, 99 (4), pp. 1097-1118; King, R., Plosser, C., Rebelo, S., Production, Growth and Business Cycles (1988) Journal of Monetary Economics, 21, pp. 195-232; Krugman, P., How Did Economists Get It So Wrong? (2009) The New York Times; Kydland, F., Prescott, E., Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations (1982) Econometrica, 50 (6), pp. 1345-1370; Lucas, R., Expectations and the Neutrality of Money (1972) Journal of Economic Theory, 4 (2), pp. 103-124; McCandless, G., The ABC's of RBC's: An Introduction to Dynamic Macroeconomic Models (2008) Cambridge, MA; L.: Harvard University Press; Meltzer, A., Origins of the Great Inflation (2005) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 87, pp. 145-175; Muth, J.F., Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements (1961) Econometrica, 29 (3), pp. 315-335; Rebelo, S., Real Business Cycle Models: Present, Past and Future (2005) Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107 (2), pp. 217-238; Romer, C., Changes in Business Cycles: Evidence and Explanations (1999) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (2), pp. 23-44; Romer, C., Romer, D., The Evolutionof Economic Understanding and Postwar Stabilization Policy (2002) NBER Working Paper, (9274)},
publisher={Russian Presidental Academy of National Economy and Public Administration},
issn={00428736},
language={Russian},
abbrev_source_title={Vopr. Ekon.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Casper2010425,
author={Casper, S.E. and Rubin, J.S.},
title={The history of the book in America},
journal={The Oxford Companion to the Book},
year={2010},
pages={425-442},
doi={10.1093/acref/9780198606536.001.0001},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059724369&doi=10.1093%2facref%2f9780198606536.001.0001&partnerID=40&md5=1fe83eaaabe88f094a5252ce155e6756},
affiliation={University of Nevada, Reno, United States; University of Rochester, United States},
abstract={For nearly four centuries, the production and distribution of books has occurred within broader transformations of the American economy. Colonists in British North America depended on London for their bibles and much other reading matter, even as local printers produced many of the secular staples of everyday life. Those colonial printers and their successors in the new United States worked within the craft economy that typified most early American manufacturing. During the nation’s industrial revolution of the 19 th century, capitalist publishing firms came to dominate an increasingly sophisticated trade that encompassed sometimes complex author–publisher relations, mechanized production processes, and nationwide networks of distribution and credit. Modern business methods and the ascendancy of *advertising reshaped publishing and bookselling in the first half of the 20 th century, even as publishers sought to preserve the notion of books and literature as a realm apart from the marketplace. Since World War II, American books have more and more become the products of a global economy, where publishing conglomerates and, more recently, the *World Wide Web blur the boundaries between nations. © Oxford University Press 2010.},
references={Augst, T., Carpenter, K., (2007) Institutions of Reading; Bailyn, B., Hench, J.B., (1981) The Press and the American Revolution; Beales, R.W., Monaghan, E.J., (2000) Literacy and Schoolbooks, 1. , HBA; Benton, M., (2000) Beauty and the Book; Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information (1991, 2002); Brodhead, R.H., (1993) Cultures of Letters; Brown, R.D., (1989) Knowledge is Power; Carpenter, K.E., American Libraries’, , HBA 2; Carpenter, K.E., Libraries’, , HBA 3; Casper, S.E., (1999) Constructing American Lives; Casper, S.E., (2002) Perspectives on American Book History; Charvat, W., (1968) The Profession of Authorship in America, , ed. M. J. Bruccoli; Cornelius, J.D., (1991) When I Can Read My Title Clear; Coser, L.A., (1982), Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing; Dain, P., The Great Libraries, , HBA 4; Danky, J.P., Wiegand, W.A., (1998) Print Culture in a Diverse America; Davidson, C.N., (1989) Reading in America; Davis, K.C., (1984) Two-Bit Culture; DLB 46, 49; Eddy, J., (2006) Bookwomen; Epstein, J., (2001) Book Business; Fink, S., Williams, S.S., (1999) Reciprocal Influences; Gilreath, J., American Book Distribution, pp. 501-583. , PAAS 95 (1985-6); Green, J.N., The Book Trade in the Middle Colonies, , HBA 1; Green, J.N., English Books and Printing in the Age of Franklin, , HBA 1; Green, J.N., Stallybrass, P., Franklin, B., (2006) Writer and Printer; Gutjahr, P.C., (1999) An American Bible; Gutjahr, P.C., The Perseverance of Print-Bound Saints, , HBA 5; Hackenberg, M., (1987) Getting the Books Out; Hall, D.D., (1989) Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment; Hall, D.D., (1996) Cultures of Print; Hall, D.D., A History of the Book in America, 5. , 2000-2010; Hening, W.W., The Statutes at Large; Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, 13. , 1819-23; Hochman, B., (2001) Getting at the Author; Joyce, W.L., (1983) P Rinting and Society in Early America; Kaestle, C.F., (1991) Literacy in the United States; Kelley, M., (2006) Learning to Stand and Speak; Lehmann-Haupt, H., (1990) The Book in America, , 2e (1951) [Library of Congress, Center for the Book and Book-of-the- Month Club,] Survey of Lifetime Readers; Long, E., (2003) Book Clubs; Luey, B., The Organization of the Book Publishing Industry, , HBA 5; McHenry, E., (2002) Forgotten Readers; Madison, C.A., (1966), Book Publishing in America; Miller, L.J., (2006) Reluctant Capitalists; Monaghan, E.J., (2005) Learning to Read and Write in Colonial America; Moran, G.F., Vinovskis, M.A., Schooling, Literacy, and Textbooks, , HBA 2; Moylan, M., Stiles, L., (1996), Reading Books; Nord, D.P., (2004) Faith in Reading; Pawley, C., (2001) Reading on the Middle Border; Radway, J.A., (1989), Reading the Romance; Radway, J.A., (1997) A Feeling for Books; Raven, J., The Importation of Books in the Eighteenth Century, , HBA 1; Reilly, E.C., Hall, D.D., Customers and the Market for Print, , HBA 1; Remer, R., (1996) Printers and Men of Capital; Roeber, A.G., Readers and Writers of German in the Early United States, , HBA 2; Rubin, J.S., (1992) The Making of Middlebrow Culture; Rubin, J.S., (2007) Songs of Ourselves; Ryan, B., Thomas, A.M., (2002) Reading Acts; Satterfield, J., (2002) The World’s Best Books; Schiffrin, A., (2000) The Business of Books; Sheehan, D., (1952) This was Publishing; Shera, J.H., (1949) Foundations of the Public Library; Shields, D.S., (1997) Civil Tongues and Polite Letters in British America; Sicherman, B., Ideologies and Practices of Reading, , HBA 3; Soltow, L., Stevens, E., (1981) The Rise of Literacy and the Common School in the United States; Stiverson, C.Z., Stiverson, G.A., The Colonial Retail Book Trade (1983) Printing and Society in Early America, , ed. W. L. Joyce et al; Sweet, L.I., (1993) Communication and Change in American Religious History; Tanselle, G.T., (1971) Guide to the Study of United States Imprints, 2; Tebbel, J., , 4. , A History of Book Publishing in the United States, 1971-81); Thomas, I., (1810) History of Printing in America (2 Vols; Thompson, J.B., (2005), Books in the Digital Age; Turner, C., (2003) Marketing Modernism; West, J.L.W., III, (1988) American Authors and the Literary Marketplace since 1900; Wiegand, W.A., (1986), The Politics of an Emerging Profession; Winship, M., (1995) American Literary Publishing in the Mid- Nineteenth Century; Winship, M., ‘ the Rise of a National Book Trade System in the United States, 1880–1920, , HBA 4; Wolf, E., (1988) The Book Culture of a Colonial American City, , 2 nd; Wroth, L.C., (1931) The Colonial Printer; Zboray, R.J., (1993) A Fictive People; Zill, N., Wingler, M., (1990) Who Reads Literature?},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780198606536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Oxf. Companion to the Book},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Weiss2010155,
author={Weiss, M.A.},
title={THE Global financial crisis: The role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)},
journal={Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade},
year={2010},
pages={155-162},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043303980&partnerID=40&md5=58b71c46a514992d065327c8564fd52e},
abstract={This chapter discusses two potential roles the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may have in helping to resolve the current global financial crisis: (1) immediate crisis control through balance of payments lending to emerging market and less-developed countries and (2) increased surveillance of the global economy through better coordination with the international financial regulatory agencies. The current global financial crisis, which began with the downturn of the U.S. subprime housing market in 2007, is testing the ability of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in its role as the central international institution for oversight of the global monetary system. Though the IMF is unlikely to lend to the developed countries most affected by the crisis and must compete with other international financial institutions1 as a source of ideas and global macroeconomic policy coordination, the spillover effects of the crisis on emerging and lessdeveloped economies gives the IMF an opportunity to reassert its role in the international economy on two key dimensions of the global financial crisis: (1) immediate crisis management and (2) long-term systemic reform of the international financial system. The role of the IMF has changed significantly since its founding in July 1944. Late in World War II, delegates from 44 nations gathered in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to discuss the postwar recovery of Europe and create a set of international institutions to resolve many of the economic issues-such as protectionist trade policies and unstable exchange rates-that had ravaged the international economy between the two world wars. As the global financial system has evolved over the decades, so has the IMF. From 1946 to 1973, the main purpose of the IMF was to manage the fixed system of international exchange rates agreed on at Bretton Woods. The U.S. dollar was fixed to gold at $35 per ounce and all other member countries’ currencies were fixed to the dollar at different rates. The IMF monitored the macroeconomic and exchange rate policies of member countries and helped countries overcome balance of payments crises with short-term loans that helped bring currencies back in line with their determined value. This system came to an abrupt end in 1973 when the United States floated its currency and subsequently introduced the modern system of floating exchange rates. Over the past three decades, floating exchange rates and financial globalization have contributed to, in addition to substantial wealth and high levels of growth for many countries, an international economy marred by exchange rate volatility and semifrequent financial crises. The IMF adapted to the end of the fixed-exchange rate system by becoming the lender of last resort for countries afflicted by such crises. Current IMF operations and responsibilities can be grouped into three areas: surveillance, lending, and technical assistance. Surveillance involves monitoring economic and financial developments and providing policy advice to member countries. Lending entails the provision of financial resources under specified conditions to assist a country experiencing balance of payments difficulties. Technical assistance includes help on designing or improving the quality and effectiveness of domestic policy-making. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
references={Setser, B., Extraordinary Times (2008) Council on Foreign Relations, , September 29; (2008) IMF reaffirms role in global economy., , October 15; http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/cofer/eng/index.htm; Pineau, G., Dorruci, E., The Accumulation of Foreign Reserves (2006) European Central Bank, , March; Total IMF Credit Outstanding for all members from 1984-2008, , http://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/tad/extcred1.aspx; Oakley, D., Emerging Nations hit by growing debt fears (2008) Financial Times, , October 14; http://www.imf.org; (2008) IMF reaffirms role in the global economy., , October 15; (2008) IMF Survey Online, , October 29; Truman, E., On What Terms is the IMF Worth Funding (2008) Peterson Institute for International Economics, , December; (2008) IMF Survey Magazine: Policy, , February 2; IMF talks to borrow $100 billion from Japan almost completed (2009) Japan Times, , February 4; Davis, B., IMF Considers Issuing Bonds to Raise Money (2009) Wall Street Journal, , February 1; Davis, B., International Groups Offer Latin America More Loans (2008) Wall Street Journal, , October 14; (2008) Inter Press Service News Agency, , October 14; Moore, M., Asia Mounts its own Bank Bailout (2008) The Daily Telegraph, , October 15; (2006) An Evaluation of the IMF’s Multilateral Surveillance, , September 1; Anderson, C., Future Role of IMF Debated As Financial Crisis Takes Toll (2008) IMF Survey Online, , October 16},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781614700999; 9781607411192},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intellect. Property Rights and International Trade},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Yu2010239,
author={Yu, V.P.B., III},
title={Unity in diversity: South coalitions as governance adaption vehicles in global trade governance},
journal={Power Shifts and Global Governance: Challenges from South and North},
year={2010},
pages={239-264},
doi={10.7135/UPO9781843318842.015},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940039627&doi=10.7135%2fUPO9781843318842.015&partnerID=40&md5=cd3d4df987ec69a0a369fd8d810d46ce},
affiliation={Global Governance for Development Programme of the South Centre, Switzerland},
abstract={Introduction: Rapidly Changing Global Economic Scene The geo-political and economic map of the world is rapidly changing. Global institutional arrangements borne out of the historical experiences of the midto late twentieth century will need to adjust to the new global political and economic context that is now evolving, even as the post-World War II issue of promoting the development of developing countries continues to remain at the centre of international economic policy debates. A major aspect of this new context is the development of new international policy regimes and the institutional architecture relating to these regimes that have an impact on developing countries' development policies and prospects. These include a new institutional architecture on global trade policy represented by the World Trade Organization (WTO), complete with a more comprehensive set of trade rules that are binding on countries, and whose work both influences and is influenced by the work of other existing trade-related global institutions such as the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Another aspect of this new context is the increasing share and influence of developing countries in global economic affairs – both in terms of shaping global economic policy and in terms of actual weight in the global economy. © 2011 Ashwani Kumar editorial matter and selection.},
references={Aggarwal, R., Dynamics of Agriculture Negotiations in the World Trade Organization (2005) Journal of World Trade, 4 (39); Barnett, M., Duvall, R., Power in International Politics (2005) International Organization, 59p; Bernal, L., (2004) South-South Cooperation in the Multilateral Trading System: Cancun and Beyond, , South Centre TRADE Working Paper No. 21, May 2004; Boutros-Ghali, B., (2006) Reinventing UNCTAD, , South Centre Research Paper 7; Draper, P., Sally, R., Developing-Country Coalitions (2005) Multilateral Trade Negotiations’, , South African Institute of International Affairs; Gosovic, B., (1972) UNCTAD Conflict and Compromise: The Third World's Quest for an Equitable World Economic Order through The United Nations; Iida, K., Third World Solidarity: The Group of 77 in the UN General Assembly (1988) International Organization, 2 (42); Lavelle, K.C., Ideas with a context of power: The African group in an evolving UNCTAD (2001) The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39, 1p. , (2001); Narlikar, A., (2003) International Trade and Developing Countries: Coalitions in the GATT and WTO, , London: Routledge; Ricupero, R., Nine Years at UNCTAD: A Personal Testimony-Preface to UNCTAD (2004) Beyond Conventional Wisdom in Development Policy: An Intellectual History of UNCTAD, pp. 1964-2004; Institutional Governance and Decision-Making Processes in the WTO (SC/TADP/AN/IG/7). South Centre 2004 (2003) The Group of 77 at Forty: Championing Multilateralism, , South Centre, A Democratic and Equitable World Order, South-South Cooperation, and Development; (2006) Trade and Development Report 2006: Global Partnership and National Policies for Development, , UNCTAD; (2007) Report of the Secretary-General of UNCTAD to UNCTAD Xii-Globalization for Development: Opportunities and Challenges, , UNCTAD, TD/413; (2006) World Economic and Social Survey 2006: Diverging Growth and Development, , UN DESA; (2003) Making Global Trade Work for People, , UNDP; (2005) Human Development Report 2005: International Cooperation at a Crossroads-Aid, Trade and Security in an Unequal World, , UNDP; Walters, R., International Organization and Political Communications: The Use of UNCTAD by Less Developed Countries (1971) International Organization, 25 (4); Wolfe, R., (2006) New Groups in the WTO Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Power, Learning and Institutional Design, , CATPRN Commissioned Paper CP 2006-2},
correspondence_address1={Yu, V.P.B.; Global Governance for Development Programme of the South CentreSwitzerland},
publisher={Anthem Press},
isbn={9781843318842; 9781843318316},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Power Shifts and Global Governance: Challenges from South and North},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Deshpande20101,
author={Deshpande, A.},
title={Capital without borders: Challenges to development},
journal={Capital Without Borders: Challenges to Development},
year={2010},
pages={1-238},
doi={10.7135/UPO9780857289575},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940037484&doi=10.7135%2fUPO9780857289575&partnerID=40&md5=0e0412078efd89e23ca810e498228e40},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India},
abstract={The introduction to this volume was first written in August 2008 with this opening paragraph: ‘The global economy is reeling under one of the severest crises since the Great Depression of the 1930s, with record high oil prices, the global food crisis and a financial crisis, reverberating across the globe. As the US economy slides deeper towards a full-fledged recession, precipitated by the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the ability of financial markets to play havoc with the “real” economy could not have been more apparent. While some commentators, especially those associated with the mainstream media, are still debating the extent of the downturn in the US economy and defending the innovative aspects of financial markets, inside the US, the grim reality seems to have hit home. The implications of the collapse of the housing boom, the associated collapse of major banks with high exposure in the housing markets, coupled with the financial burden of the Iraq war has meant rising unemployment, cut back in consumer spending and overall economic downturn, with no signs of reversal in sight. These events bring to the fore the myriad connections between the “real” and the “financial” – and point to the urgency of understanding these connections, especially in the present era of globalization and financial deregulation.’ Exactly a year later, with a series of bank collapses, as the developed economies grapple with stimulus/rescue packages and bail-out measures to counter the cascading impact of lay-offs and closures, the debate is not whether this is a recession but on how bad it will get before it starts to get better. © 2010 Ashwini Deshpande editorial matter and selection.},
correspondence_address1={Deshpande, A.; Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of DelhiIndia},
publisher={Anthem Press},
isbn={9780857289575; 9781843318385},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cap. Without Borders: Challenges to Development},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Deshpande20101,
author={Deshpande, A.},
title={Introduction},
journal={Capital Without Borders: Challenges to Development},
year={2010},
pages={1-10},
doi={10.7135/UPO9780857289575.001},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940025653&doi=10.7135%2fUPO9780857289575.001&partnerID=40&md5=6e20f792950a3d1928bb883b6c2c1bfe},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India},
abstract={The introduction to this volume was first written in August 2008 with this opening paragraph: ‘The global economy is reeling under one of the severest crises since the Great Depression of the 1930s, with record high oil prices, the global food crisis and a financial crisis, reverberating across the globe. As the US economy slides deeper towards a full-fledged recession, precipitated by the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the ability of financial markets to play havoc with the “real” economy could not have been more apparent. While some commentators, especially those associated with the mainstream media, are still debating the extent of the downturn in the US economy and defending the innovative aspects of financial markets, inside the US, the grim reality seems to have hit home. The implications of the collapse of the housing boom, the associated collapse of major banks with high exposure in the housing markets, coupled with the financial burden of the Iraq war has meant rising unemployment, cut back in consumer spending and overall economic downturn, with no signs of reversal in sight. These events bring to the fore the myriad connections between the “real” and the “financial” – and point to the urgency of understanding these connections, especially in the present era of globalization and financial deregulation.’ Exactly a year later, with a series of bank collapses, as the developed economies grapple with stimulus/rescue packages and bail-out measures to counter the cascading impact of lay-offs and closures, the debate is not whether this is a recession but on how bad it will get before it starts to get better. © 2010 Ashwini Deshpande editorial matter and selection.},
references={Deshpande, A., (2007) Globalisation and Development: A Handbook of New Perspectives, , See, example, studies included, Oxford University Press, New Delhi},
correspondence_address1={Deshpande, A.; Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of DelhiIndia},
publisher={Anthem Press},
isbn={9780857289575; 9781843318385},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cap. Without Borders: Challenges to Development},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Fung2010289,
author={Fung, V.},
title={Conclusion: The imperative of inclusive global growth},
journal={Peace and Prosperity through World Trade},
year={2010},
pages={289-292},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511723285.064},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84932114626&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511723285.064&partnerID=40&md5=8675d179a901b73157614db1973491c5},
affiliation={International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), France; ICC Research Foundation, United Kingdom; Li and Fung Group of companies, Hong Kong; Evian Group, Switzerland},
abstract={As the world enters the second decade of the twenty-first century and approaches the hundredth anniversary of the founding of the ICC, in 2019, there are good reasons why one should feel optimistic. In citing just a few, one would highlight the tremendous impact that information and communication technologies have had on society. The mobile phone has become ubiquitous in all parts of the world and has succeeded in reaching millions of people at the bottom of the pyramid, thereby improving productivity, connectivity and opportunities. Without by any means seeking to minimize the considerable geopolitical threats, comparatively speaking the world is at peace; there are fewer wars currently than at any time since the end of World War II. In particular, there can be hope that the imploding states that seemed endemic to Africa in the 1990s and early 2000s have stabilized and that the continent could be on the verge of sustained growth. China's trade and investments in Africa have contributed considerably to its greater integration in the global economy. Throughout the global South there is the emergence of a new ‘middle class’, which The Economist has estimated at some 1.2 billion people. And without doubt one very important reason for optimism is that the world economy seems to have withstood the greatest shock it has experienced since 1929. The global economic system, therefore, would appear to be resilient. © The Evian Group 2010.},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511723285; 9781107000421},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Peace and Prosperity through World Trade},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Fung2010xxi,
author={Fung, V.},
title={Preface: The ICC vision},
journal={Peace and Prosperity through World Trade},
year={2010},
pages={xxi-xxiv},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511723285.002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84932111048&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511723285.002&partnerID=40&md5=c27fbd298462d01ec35a4884f3fd1134},
affiliation={ICC Research Foundation, United Kingdom; Li and Fung Group of companies, Hong Kong; Evian Group, Switzerland},
abstract={In 1919, in the wake of World War I, a group of business leaders from Belgium, Italy, France, the UK and the USA, met in Atlantic City, New Jersey, to found the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). They identified themselves as ‘merchants of peace’ and adopted the motto ‘world peace through world trade’. The following year, under the aegis of the French statesman and entrepreneur Etienne Clémentel, the ICC established its headquarters in Paris, where it has remained ever since. The ICC mission from its inception was to champion an open global economy as a force for economic growth, job creation and prosperity. These three elements, reasonably distributed, are the fundamental ingredients for peace. In the tenth year of the ICC, in 1929, the Great Depression occurred and in the twentieth year, 1939, World War II broke out. In the ­intervening decade the global economy contracted dramatically as countries engaged in trade wars and unemployment soared. Though the causes of World War II are obviously multiple and complex, there can be no doubt that the breakdown of trade and the surging protectionism that ensued were important causal factors. On the thirtieth anniversary of the ICC, in 1949, the world economy seemed to be back on track. Following the first round in Geneva in 1947 that formally established the GATT (General Agreement for Tariffs and Trade), a second round was launched in the French city of Annecy, which proceeded to expand membership and reduce tariffs. © The Evian Group 2010.},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511723285; 9781107000421},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Peace and Prosperity through World Trade},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Leffler20101,
author={Leffler, M.P. and Westad, O.A.},
title={The Cambridge history of the Cold War},
journal={The Cambridge History of the Cold War},
year={2010},
volume={3},
pages={1-694},
doi={10.1017/CHOL9780521837217},
note={cited By 121},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927109065&doi=10.1017%2fCHOL9780521837217&partnerID=40&md5=ea7c6dd2a339d86bb58b5c7aec377de8},
affiliation={Department of History, University of Virginia, United States; London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom},
abstract={This volume examines the evolution of the Cold War from the Helsinki Conference of 1975 until the Soviet collapse in 1991. Leading scholars analyze the economic, social, cultural, religious, technological, and geopolitical factors that shaped the policies that ended the Cold War, looking at the personalities and policies of Carter and Reagan, Brezhnev and Gorbachev, Thatcher, Kohl, and Deng Xiaoping. They show how events throughout the world shaped the evolution of Soviet-American relations and also explore the legacies of the super-power confrontation in a comparative and trans-national perspective. Penetrating chapters examine how the Cold War affected and was affected by the environment, the global economy, consumer capitalism, human rights and non-governmental organizations. The authors also deal with demographic trends, capital flows, multilateral institutions, and geopolitical configurations. This is international history at its best: emphasizing social, intellectual, economic and geostrategic trends without losing focus on personalities, politics, and human agency. © Cambridge University Press 2010.},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139056106; 9780521837217},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Camb. History of the Cold War},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Broadberry20101,
author={Broadberry, S. and O′ Rourke, K.H.},
title={The cambridge economic history of modern europe Volume 2: 1870 to the present},
journal={The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe Volume 2: 1870 to the Present},
year={2010},
pages={1-468},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511794841},
note={cited By 36},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925609856&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511794841&partnerID=40&md5=0c028f6f8b5e45708044871f22dc9127},
affiliation={University of Warwick, United Kingdom; Trinity College Dublin, Ireland},
abstract={Unlike most existing textbooks on the economic history of modern Europe, which offer a country-by-country approach, The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe rethinks Europe's economic history since 1700 as unified and pan-European, with the material organized by topic rather than by country. This second volume tracks Europe's economic history through three major phases since 1870. The first phase was an age of globalization and of European economic and political dominance that lasted until the First World War. The second, from 1914 to 1945, was one of war, deglobalization, and depression and the third was one of growing integration not only within Europe but also between Europe and the global economy. Leading authors offer comprehensive and accessible introductions to these patterns of globalization and deglobalization as well as to key themes in modern economic history such as economic growth, business cycles, sectoral developments, and population and living standards. © Cambridge University Press 2010.},
correspondence_address1={Broadberry, S.; University of WarwickUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511794841; 9780521882033},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Camb. Economic History of Modern Europe Volume 2: 1870 to the Present},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Schrijver201043,
author={Schrijver, N.},
title={Foreword},
journal={Investment Law Within International Law: Integrationist Perspectives},
year={2010},
pages={43-52},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781139855921.002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923477124&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781139855921.002&partnerID=40&md5=27e9ad5b889ea0f0c71fc4c41a9169ca},
affiliation={Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, Leiden University, Senate of the Dutch Parliament, Netherlands; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Permanent Court of Arbitration, Institut de droit international, Netherlands},
abstract={Introduction, The ever-increasing internationalisation of the global economy that has taken place since the end of the Second World War has led to an enormous growth in foreign investment. This became particularly pronounced during the 1990s, when foreign investment quadrupled. Yet the phenomenon of foreign investment has long been known to the Dutch. The construction in 1619 of a train-oil factory on Smeerenburg in the Spitsbergen islands by the Noordsche Compagnie, and the acquisition in 1626 of Manhattan Island by the Dutch West Indies Company are proudly referred to as the earliest cases of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Dutch history. Throughout the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West Indies Company also began to create trading settlements around the globe. Their trading activities generated enormous wealth, making the Netherlands one of the most prosperous countries of that time. Even after the end of the colonial era, the Netherlands remained a significant player in the world economy. Ranking today as the fifteenth largest economy in the world measured by its gross domestic product, it continues to be among the largest sources, as well as recipients, of investment in the world, in both absolute and relative terms. In terms of FDI stocks, in 2010 the Netherlands ranked as the eighth largest recipient of investments (US$589.8 billion) and seventh largest source of investments (US$890.2 billion). In 2009, it had a reported inflow of approximately US$34.5 billion and an outflow of US$26.9 billion. And while FDI inflows showed a negative figure in 2010, FDI outflows in the same year rose even further, to US$31.9 billion. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Netherlands has long had a special interest in both the promotion and protection of foreign investment. © Cambridge University Press 2013.},
references={(2005) World Investment Report 2005, 2p. , Geneva: UNCTAD; De Goey, F., Dutch overseas investments in the very long run (C. 1600–1990) (1999) Multinational Enterprises from the Netherlands, pp. 32–60 at p. 35. , R. van Hoesel and R. Narula (eds), London: Routledge; (2011) World Investment Report 2011, , Geneva: UNCTAD; Van Hoesel, R., Narula, R., (1999) Multinational Enterprises from the Netherlands, , London: Routledge; Handelspolitiek, B., Eindrapport, policy review commercial policy (2007) Final Report, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 30p. , www.rijksbegroting.nl/binaries/pdfs/beleidsdoorlichtingen/ez-handelspolitiek.pdf, November; Protectionisme dreigt nu mai is mislukt (1998) Economische Zaken, 19, 13p; The constitution of the kingdom of the netherlands (1983) Netherlands International Law Review, 30, 387p; Van Wijmen, P., Loof, J.P., The influence of article 1 protocol no. 1 on the dutch legislation concerning expropriation (2000) The Right to Property: The Influence of Article 1 Protocol No. 1 ECHR on Several Fields of Domestic Law, pp. 111-126. , J. P. Loof, H. Ploeger and A. van der Steur, Maastricht: Shaker Publishing; Alkema, E.A., Foreign relations in the netherlands constitution of 1983 (1984) Netherlands International Law Review, 31, 307p; Schrijver, N.J., Prislan, V., The netherlands (2013) Commentaries on Selected Model Investment Treaties, pp. 535-591. , C. Brown and D. Krishan, Oxford University Press; Spears, S.A., The quest for policy space in a new generation of international investment agreements (2010) Journal of International Economic Law, 13, 1037p; Van Os, R., Knottnerus, R., (2011) Dutch Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Gateway to ‘Treaty Shopping’ for Investment Protection by Multinational Companies, , Amsterdam: SOMO; Skinner, M., Miles, C.A., Luttrell, S., Access and advantage in investor–state arbitration: The law and practice of treaty shopping (2010) Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 3, pp. 260, at pp. 275–6; Ortino, F., The social dimension of international investment agreements: Drafting a new bit/mit model? (2005) International Law FORUM Du Droit International, 7, 243p; Spears, The quest for policy space (2009) New Generation of Bilateral Investment Treaties: Consensus Or Divergence?, pp. 5.25. , J. Beechey and A. Crocket, in Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation: The Fordham Papers 2008 (Leiden: N.hoff; Handelspolitiek, B., (2007) Eindrapport, Ministry of Economic Affairs, pp. 8, 16, 29–30. , www.rijksbegroting.nl/binaries/pdfs/beleidsdoorlichtingen/ez-handelspolitiek.pdf, November; Schr.ver, N.J., A missionary burden or enlightened self-interest?: International law in dutch foreign policy (2010) Netherlands International Law Review, 57, 209p; Van Den Bossche, P., Schrijver, N., Faber, G., Unilateral measures addressing non-trade concerns: A study on wto consistency (2007) Relevance of Other International Agreements, Economic Effectiveness and Impact on Developing Countries of Measures concerning Non-Product-Related Processes and Production Methods, , The Hague: Ministry of Foreign Affairs},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139855921; 9781107038882},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Invest. Law Within International Law: Integrationist Perspectives},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Mills20101,
author={Mills, T.C.},
title={Post-war planning on the periphery: Anglo-American economic diplomacy in South America, 1939–1945},
journal={Post-War Planning on the Periphery: Anglo-American Economic Diplomacy in South America, 1939-1945},
year={2010},
pages={1-283},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922652820&partnerID=40&md5=d151977a476fa21b3050595c87c81a88},
affiliation={Lancaster University, United Kingdom},
abstract={The alliance between the United States and Great Britain during the Second World War continues to be a source of great interest to scholars of Anglo-American relations. While in one sense a temporary pact based on the shared purpose of defeating the Axis powers, the Anglo-American alliance during World War II subsequently turned out to be of much greater significance. As well as forging the so-called ‘special relationship’ between the US and Britain, diplomacy between the two countries during the war was also the principal forum in which planning for the post-war era took place. Nowhere was this more so than in the sphere of commerce. Negotiations took place both at the highest levels of government, over the general principles that would shape the post-war global economy, and throughout the lower rungs of governmental bureaucracy, concerning specific industries and geographic regions in which both countries had significant interests.
Inevitably, Anglo-American economic diplomacy took place within the broader context of the changing economic fortunes of the two powers during the Second World War. The experiences of the US and Britain in this respect were vastly different. The US was not subject to the kind of economic hardships suffered by all of the other major belligerents in the war. On the contrary, the demand for weaponry created by the outbreak of war stimulated the US economy, finally lifting the country out of the Great Depression. Between 1940 and 1945 US gross national product rose from $99.7 billion to $211.9 billion. © Thomas C. Mills, 2012.},
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Paterson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Hopkins, M.F., Young, J.W., The anglo-american “special relationship (2005) A Companion to Contemporary Britain, 1939–2000, pp. 499-516. , Paul Addison and Harriet Jones, Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell; Ikenberry, G.J., Rethinking the origins of american hegemony (1989) Political Science Quarterly, 104, pp. 375-400; Inman, S.G., Planning pan-american trade (1940) Harvard Business Review, 18 (2), pp. 137-147; Kennedy, G., Lord halifax: Wartime ambassador to the united states (2008) Diplomats at War: British and Commonwealth Diplomacy in Wartime, pp. 109-126. , Christopher Baxter and Andrew Stewart, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff; Kimball, W.F., The juggler: Franklin d. roosevelt and anglo- american competition in latin america’ (1989) Argentina between the Great Powers, 1939–46, pp. 18-33. , Guido di Tella and D. Cameron Watt, Basingstoke: Macmillan; Kimball, W.F., Us economic strategy in world war ii: Wartime goals, peacetime plans (1992) America Unbound: World War II and the Making of a Superpower, pp. 139-157. , Warren F. Kimball (ed.), New York: St Martin’s Press; Kramer, P., Nelson rockefeller and british security coordination (1981) Journal of Contemporary History, 16, pp. 73-88; Kunz, D.B., The power of money: The historiography of american economic diplomacy (1995) America in The World: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations since 1941, pp. 536-561. , Michael J. Hogan (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; LaFeber, W., Roosevelt, churchill, and indochina, 1942–1945 (1975) American Historical Review, 80, pp. 1277-1295; Ledbetter, R., Itt: A multinational corporation in latin america during world war ii (1985) The Historian, 47, pp. 524-537; Louis, W.R., American anti-colonialism and the dissolution of the british empire (1985) International Affairs, 61, pp. 395-420; McCann, F.D., Aviation diplomacy: The united states and brazil, 1939–1941 (1968) Inter-American Economic Affairs, 21 (4), pp. 35-50; MacDonald, C.A., The politics of intervention: The united states and argentina, 1941–1946 (1980) Journal of Latin American Studies, 12, pp. 365-396; Maier, C.S., The politics of productivity: Foundations of american international economic policy after world war ii (1977) International Organization, 31, pp. 607-633; Mariano, M., The us discovers europe: Life and the invention of the atlantic community in the 1940s’ (2007) The Place of Europe in American History: Twentieth Century Perspectives, pp. 161-185. , Maurizio Vaudagna (ed.), Turin: Otto; Mills, T.C., Anglo-american economic diplomacy during the second world war and the electrifi cation of the central brazilian railway (2009) Diplomacy and Statecraft, 20, pp. 69-85; Mills, T.C., The “hemisphere isolationists and anglo-american economic diplomacy during the second world war’ (2011) Journal of Transatlantic Studies, 9, pp. 63-75; Mills, T.C., Mobilising the americas for war: Jefferson caffery in brazil, 1937–1944 Diplomats at War: The American Experience, , J. Simon Rofe and Andrew Stewart, Dordrecht: Republic of Letters Press, forthcoming; Mount, G.S., Chile: An effort at neutrality (2007) Latin America during World War II, pp. 162-182. , Thomas M. Leonard and John F. Bratzel, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefi eld; Overy, R.J., Great britain: Cyclops (1994) Allies at War: The Soviet, American and British Experience, 1939–1945, pp. 113-144. , David Reynolds, Warren F. Kimball and A. O. Chubarian, Basingstoke: Macmillan; Paterson, T.G., The quest for peace and prosperity: International trade, communism and the marshall plan (1971) Cold War Critics: Alternatives to American Foreign Policy in the Truman Years, pp. 78-112. , Thomas G. 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John Ikenberry (ed.), Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman; Whitehead, L., Britains economic relations with latin america’ (1978) Latin America and World Economy: A Changing International Order, pp. 73-97. , Joseph Grunwald (ed.), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Wilcox, F.O., The monroe doctrine and world war ii (1942) American Political Science Review, 36, pp. 433-453; Williams, W.A., The large corporation and american foreign policy (1969) Corporations and the Cold War, pp. 71-104. , David Horowitz (ed.), New York: Monthly Review Press; Woods, R.B., Fdr and the new economic order (2008) FDR’s World: War, Peace, and Legacies, pp. 175-192. , David B. Woolner, Warren F. Kimball and David Reynolds, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Woods, R.B., Fdr and the triumph of american nationalism (1989) Presidential Studies Quarterly, 19, pp. 567-581; Woods, R.B., Hull and argentina: Wilsonian diplomacy in the age of roosevelt (1974) Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 16, pp. 350-371; Bowen, N., (1975) Britain, Argentina, and the United States, 1938– 1946: Confl Ict and Collaboration with the Atlantic Triangle, , unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge University; Seddon, M., (2010) Anglo-us oil diplomacy and the battle for venezuela, 1941–1944, , paper delivered at the annual conference of the Transatlantic Studies Association, Durham University, July; (2012) Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, , http://bioguide.congress.gov; (2012) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, , http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/index.html?url=%2Findex.jsp; (2012) Time Magazine Archive, , http://www.time.com/time/archive},
correspondence_address1={Mills, T.C.; Lancaster UniversityUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Edinburgh University Press},
isbn={9780748643899; 9780748643882},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Post-War Plan. on the Periphery: Anglo-American Economic Dipl. in S. Am., 1939-1945},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{WagnerJr20103,
author={Wagner Jr, J.R. and Marks, S.B.},
title={Introduction},
journal={Multilayer Flexible Packaging},
year={2010},
pages={3-11},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-8155-2021-4.10001-2},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882560747&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-8155-2021-4.10001-2&partnerID=40&md5=408a39cd1f88723188aece7ee6fd3c78},
affiliation={Crescent Associates Inc., Rochester, NY, United States},
abstract={This chapter introduces the various multilayer flexible films and their applications. Currently, various polymers such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PET (polyester), and PS (polystyrene) are used to produce clear films for packaging. While these polymers are commonly used in monolayer format, they are also used in multilayer films produced by coextrusion and/or lamination processes. The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis was discovered by Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at the ICI works in Northwich, UK in 1933. Subsequent landmarks in polyethylene synthesis have revolved around the development of several types of catalyst that promote ethylene polymerization at more mild temperatures and pressures. The first of these was a chromium trioxide-based catalyst discovered in 1951 by Robert Banks and J. Paul Hogan at Phillips Petroleum. Until recently, the metallocene systems were the most actively used single-site catalysts for ethylene polymerization. Much effort is currently being exerted on developing new, single-site (so-called postmetallocene) catalysts that may allow greater tuning of the polymer structure than is possible with metallocenes. The dynamics of the industrialized nations post World War II have led to a plethora of applications for many polymers from the mid-20th century continuing into the 21st century. The flexible packaging industry has been one significant part of this engine of growth and adoption for use in many applications has expanded into a global economy, as many newly industrialized nations have become global players in this trade. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Catalysts;  Chromium compounds;  Coextrusion;  Ethylene;  Military operations;  Multilayers;  Organometallics;  Polyethylene terephthalates;  Polyethylenes;  Polymerization;  Polypropylenes, Chromium trioxide;  Ethylene polymerization;  Flexible packaging industry;  Industrialized nations;  Lamination process;  Mild temperatures;  Phillips petroleums;  Single-site catalysts, Multilayer films},
references={http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene; http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpolyester.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene; Global Industry Analysts Inc. Flexible plastic packaging films market in the United States: breakdown of volume sales by material type for the years 2002 & 2007. Converted flexible packaging - market - Table 5. (2008) March 1; http://www.census.gov/epcd/ec97/us/US000_31.HTM; http://www.miseryindex.us/irbyyear.asp; Cloeren Jr., P., (2008), pp. 21-22. , Application driven coextrusion. SPE Extrusion Division TopCon 2008, Cincinnati, OH, Oct; Xaio, K., (2008), pp. 21-22. , Blown film coextrusion. SPE Extrusion Division TopCon 2008 Cincinnati, OH, Oct; Marks, S.B., (2008), pp. 21-22. , Material selection for coextrusion. SPE Extrusion Division TopCon 2008 Cincinnati, OH, Oct; Marks, S.B., Tappi PLACE Short Course 2008 (2008) Specialty resins for film & extrusion coating, , Colorado Springs, CO, Apr 29-May 1; Marks, S.B., (2009), pp. 28-29. , Barrier in flexible packaging. Tappi PLACE Flexible packaging summit 2009, Columbus, OH, Apr},
correspondence_address1={Wagner Jr, J.R.; Crescent Associates Inc., Rochester, NY, United States},
publisher={Elsevier Inc.},
isbn={9780815520214},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Multilayer Flexible Packaging},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Steinbock2010347,
author={Steinbock, D.},
title={China’s next stage of growth: Reassessing u.s. policy toward china},
journal={American Foreign Policy Interests},
year={2010},
volume={32},
number={6},
pages={347-362},
doi={10.1080/10803920.2010.535761},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82455257427&doi=10.1080%2f10803920.2010.535761&partnerID=40&md5=0aae13db5238056ad4c75d0b23bfe2f2},
affiliation={America Institute, United States},
abstract={After three decades of economic reforms and opening-up policies, China is entering a new stage of development. As a result of the third wave of globalization and the ongoing global crisis, the large emerging economies are catching up. China is now moving from industrial take-off to technological maturity. This transition has been the fastest in China’s more prosperous coastal regions. It is driven by an investment-led national strategy reinforced by industrialization, urbanization, and the emergence of a new middle class. Because of extraordinarily rapid growth, China is set to overtake the United States in terms of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the 2020s. In the most prosperous urban regions, prosperity levels will catch up with those of some European nations in the course of the 2010s. The basic framework of U.S. policy toward China was created amid the peak of the cold war. There is a case to be made that basic elements should be reassessed in light of China’s next stage of growth and structural shifts in the global economy. That reassessment is vital especially in U.S.–Chinese economic relations because they hold the potential to facilitate global recovery—or constrain it. © 2010 NCAFP.},
correspondence_address1={Steinbock, D.; America InstituteUnited States},
issn={10803920},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. Foreign Policy Interests},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kim20101,
author={Kim, S.Y.},
title={Power and the governance of global trade: From the GATT to the WTO},
journal={Power and the Governance of Global Trade: From the GATT to the WTO},
year={2010},
pages={1-182},
note={cited By 29},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052346498&partnerID=40&md5=b3fdfb6ab79406f026bcea7c7d9d92c9},
abstract={In Power and the Governance of Global Trade, Soo Yeon Kim analyzes the design, evolution, and economic impact of the global trade regime, focusing on the power politics that prevailed in the regime and shaped its distributive impact on global trade. Using documents now available from the archives of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Kim examines the institutional origins and critical turning points in the evolution of the GATT, as well as preferences of the lesser powers of the developing world that were the subject of heated debate over the International Trade Organization (ITO), which failed to materialize. Using quantitative analysis, Kim assesses the impact of the global trade regime on international trade and finds that the rules of trade forged by the great powers resulted in a developmental divide, in which industrialized countries benefited from trade expansion but developing countries reaped far fewer gains. The findings indicate that a successful conclusion to the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is urgently needed to mitigate the developmental divide by increasing trade between the industrialized and developing worlds. Kim offers a timely reading of the GATT/WTO system as a way to think about how trade and globalization more broadly may be governed in this post-Cold War century, as the global economy contends with a new geopolitical configuration featuring rising powers from the developing world. Important trading nations such as China, India, and other emergent actors in the G-20 countries, Kim argues, reflect the new power politics that will shape the course of global trade governance in the years to come. © 2010 by Cornell University. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Kim, S.Y.},
publisher={Cornell University Press},
isbn={9780801460005; 9780801448867},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Power and the Gov. of Glob. Trade: From the GATT to the WTO},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Peterson2010271,
author={Peterson, V.S.},
title={Global Householding amid Global Crises},
journal={Politics and Gender},
year={2010},
volume={6},
number={2},
pages={271-281},
doi={10.1017/S1743923X10000073},
note={cited By 37},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956254385&doi=10.1017%2fS1743923X10000073&partnerID=40&md5=31e80b9ccd3937dbd89f682aa0c2b09e},
affiliation={University of Arizona, United States},
abstract={Households are an enduring feature of human history. They are the building blocks of social formations in every era and at all scales: from small communities to the global economy. Like families, they “order” social relations in particular ways. But households differ from families by allowing for nonkinship members and by not presuming shared group residence. The emphasis lies, rather, in the pooling of diverse (material and nonmaterial) resources with the purpose of ensuring the continuity of the collective unit. Michael Douglass (2006, 423) deploys the term householding to underscore how “creating and sustaining a household is a continuous process of social reproduction that covers all life-cycle stages and extends beyond the family.” Global householding references the many ways in which these processes increasingly occur across national boundaries, for example, through transborder marriages, overseas education, labor migration, and war displacements. The psychological, sociocultural, economic, and political implications of these processes are extraordinarily complex and arguably involve as much as one-quarter of the world's population. © 2010, The Women and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association. All rights reserved.},
references={Bakker, I., Gill, S., (2003) Power, Production and Social Reproduction, , Houndsmill, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan; Bakker, I., Silvey, R., (2008) Beyond States and Markets, , London, Routledge; Barker, D.K., Feiner, S.F., (2004) Liberating Economics: Feminist Perspectives on Families, Work, and Globalization, , Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press; Beneria, L., The Crisis of Care, International Migration and Public Policy (2008) Feminist Economics, 14, pp. 1-21. , July; Berik, G., Meulen Rodgers, Y., Seguino, S., Feminist Economics of Inequality, Development, and Growth (2009) Feminist Economics, 15, pp. 1-33. , July; (2009) World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, , New York, United Nations; Douglass, M., Global Householding in Pacific Asia (2006) International Development Planning Review, 28 (4), p. 421; Dunaway, W.A., The Double Register of History (2001) Journal of World-Systems Research, 7, pp. 2-29. , Spring; Ehrenreich, B., Hochschild, A.R., (2002) Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy, , New York, Metropolitan Books; Hoskyns, C., Rai, S.M., Recasting the Global Political Economy: Counting Women's Unpaid Work (2007) New Political Economy, 12 (3), pp. 297-317; Kingma, M., (2006) Nurses on the Move: Migration and the Global Health Care Economy, , Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press; Parreñas, R.S., (2001) Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration and Domestic Work, , Stanford, Stanford University Press; Parreñas, R.S., (2008) The Force of Domesticity: Filipina Migrants and Globalization, , New York, New York University Press; Peterson, V.S., (2003) A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy: Integrating Reproductive, Productive, and Virtual Economies, , London and New York, Routledge; Peterson, V.S., A Long View of Globalization and Crisis (2010) Globalizations, 7 (1), p. 179; Peterson, V.S., Informalization, Inequalities and Global Insecurities (2010) International Studies Review, 12 (2), pp. 243-269; Peterson, V.S., Runyan, A.S., (2010) Global Gender Issues in the New Millennium, , Boulder, CO, Westview; Sassen, S., Women's Burden: Counter-geographies of globalization and the Feminization of Survival (2000) Journal of International Affairs, 53 (2), pp. 503-524; Smith, J., Wallerstein, I., (1992) Creating and Transforming Households: The Constraints of the World-Economy, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Standing, G., Global Feminization through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited (1999) World Development, 27 (3), pp. 583-602; Zimmerman, M.K., Litt, J.S., Bose, C.E., (2006) Global Dimensions of Gender and Care Work, , Stanford, Stanford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Peterson, V.S.; University of ArizonaUnited States},
issn={1743923X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Polit. Gender},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stutz201049,
author={Stutz, J.},
title={The three-front war: Pursuing sustainability in a world shaped by explosive growth},
journal={Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy},
year={2010},
volume={6},
number={2},
pages={49-59},
doi={10.1080/15487733.2010.11908049},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650539854&doi=10.1080%2f15487733.2010.11908049&partnerID=40&md5=72f6c631215223a025a5d602b27c2d2d},
affiliation={Tellus Institute, 11 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116, United States},
abstract={This article characterizes the pursuit of sustainability as a three-front war. Success requires reductions not only in the environmental impact per unit of economic activity, but also in the economic growth to which we have become accustomed and the inequality that has accompanied it. To explain the difficulty in responding to this threefold challenge, the article reviews historical data on the evolution of the global economy. In the subsequent discussion, I argue that the explosive growth experienced since 1950 has created a world in which rapid progress toward and beyond affluence is "business as usual." The pursuit of sustainability is difficult in large part because it takes place within this world shaped by explosive growth. An income transition is suggested as part of the effort to win the three-front war. © 2010 Stutz.},
author_keywords={Affluence;  Economic growth;  Environmental impact;  Resource consumption;  Social behavior;  World economy},
references={Alesina, A., Glaeser, E., Sacerdote, B., (2005) Work and Leisure in the U.S. and Europe: Why So Different?, , NBER Working Paper No. 11278. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; Alesino, A., Giavazzi, F., (2006) The Future of Europe: Reform or Decline, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Berry, A., Serieux, J., World economic growth and income distribution, 1980-2000 (2007) Flat World, Big Gaps: Economic Liberalization, Globalization, Poverty & Inequality, pp. 74-98. , In K. Jomo (Ed.), London: Zed; Bradsher, K., Green power takes root in the Chinese desert (2009) The New York Times, 3, pp. B1. , July; Brown, C., (1994) American Standards of Living 1918-1988, , Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Castells, M., Fernández-Arděvol, M., Linchuan Oiu, J., Sey, A., (2007) Mobile Communication and Society: A Global Perspective, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Chen, S., Ravallion, M., (2008) The Developing World is Poorer Than We Thought, But No Less Successful in the Fight against Poverty, , http://www.wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2010/01/21/000158349_20100121133109/Rendered/PDF/WPS4703.pdf, Policy Research Working Paper No. 4703. Washington, DC: World Bank Development Research Group; Clark, G., (2007) A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; (2008) The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development, , Commission on Growth and Development., Washington, DC: World Bank; Cowart, R., (2001) Efficient Reliability: The Critical Role of Demand-Side Resources in Power Systems and Markets, , Washington, DC: The National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners; Dominus, S., $80,000 for a year off? She'll take it! (2009) The New York Times, 13, pp. A1. , April; Burgeoning bourgeoisie (2009) The Economist, , Economist., February 14; Eichengreen, B., (2007) The European Economy Since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Evans, L., (1998) Feeding the Ten Billion: Plants and Population Growth, , New York: Cambridge University Press; (2006) The New Economic Geography: Effects and Policy Implications, , Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City., A Symposium Sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. August 24-26. Jackson Hole, WY; Fogel, R., Capitalism and democracy in 2040 (2007) Daedalus, 136 (3), pp. 87-89; Frank, R., (2007) Falling Behind: How Rising Inequality Harms the Middle Class, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Frey, B., Stutzer, A., (2002) Happiness and Economics: How the Economy and Institutions Affect Well-Being, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Friedman, B., (2005) The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, , New York: Knopf; Galbraith, J., (1958) The Affluent Society, , New York: Houghton-Mifflin; Gottron, F., (2001) Energy Efficiency and the Rebound Effect: Does Increasing Efficiency Decrease Demand?, , Congressional Research Service RS20981. Washington, DC: National Council for Science and the Environment; Green, F., (2007) Demanding Work: The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Helman, C., (2007) Culture, Health and Illness, , 5th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; Hughes, B., Hillebrand, E., (2006) Exploring and Shaping International Futures, , Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers; (2006) The Sustainable Development Timeline, , http://www.iisd.org/rio+5/timeline/sdtimeline.htm, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), June 5, 2010; Jackson, T., (2009) Prosperity Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet, , London: Earthscan; Jacobs, J., Gerson, K., (2004) The Time Divide: Work, Family, and Gender Inequality, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Kahneman, D., Krueger, A., Schkade, D., Schwartz, N., Stone, A., Toward national wellbeing accounts (2004) American Economic Review, 94 (2), pp. 429-434; Kates, R., Parris, T., Leiserowitz, A., What is sustainable development: Goals, indicators, values and practice (2005) Environment, 47 (3), pp. 8-21; Krugman, P., Empire of carbon (2009) The New York Times, 15, pp. A39. , May; Layard, R., (2005) Happiness: Lessons from a New Science, , New York: Penguin Press; Maddison, A., (2003) The World Economy: Historical Statistics, , Paris: OECD; Maddison, A., (2007) Contours of the World Economy, 1-2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History, , New York: Oxford University Press; Meadows, D., (1994) Envisioning a Sustainable World, , International Society for Ecological Economics Third Biennial Meeting. October 24-28. Universidad Nacional, San Jose, Costa Rica; Milanovic, B., (2005) Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Muhlke, C., (2008) Bag man. The New York Times, , May 18; Myers, N., Kent, J., (2004) The New Consumers: The Influence of Affluence on the Environment, , Washington, DC: Island Press; Newman, K., Jacobs, E., (2010) Who Cares? Public Ambivalence and Government Activism from the New Deal to the Second Gilded Age, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Pomeranz, K., (2000) The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Postrel, V., (2003) The Substance of Style: How the Rise of Aesthetic Value is Remaking Commerce, Culture and Consciousness, , New York: HarperCollins; Princen, T., (2005) The Logic of Sufficiency, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Princen, T., Speaking of sustainability: The potential of metaphor (2010) Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, 6 (2), pp. 60-65. , http://sspp.proquest.com/archives/vol6iss2/communityessay.princen.html; Ravallion, M., (2009) The Developing World's Bulging (but Vulnerable)"Middle Class", , Policy Research Working Paper No. 4816. Washington, DC: World Bank; Reddy, S., Pogge, T., (2005) How Not to Count the Poor, , New York: Social Science Electronic Publishing; Riley, J., (2001) Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F., Lambin, E., Lenton, T., Foley, J., A safe operating space for humanity (2009) Nature, 461 (24), pp. 472-475; Rosen, R., Electris, C., Raskin, P., (2010) Global Scenarios for the Century Ahead: Searching for Sustainability, , Boston, MA: Tellus Institute; Schor, J., Sustainable consumption and worktime reduction (2005) Journal of Industrial Ecology, 9 (1-2), pp. 37-50; Schor, J., (2010) Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth, , New York: Penguin Press; Stearns, P., (2006) Consumerism in World History: The Global Transformation of Desire, , 2nd ed. New York: Routledge; Thaler, R., (1992) The Winner's Curse: Paradoxes and Anomalies of Economic Life, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; (2007) State of World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth, , United Nations Population Fund (UNPF)., New York: UNPF; Victor, P., (2008) Managing Without Growth: Slower by Design, Not Disaster, , Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar; Wilk, R., Consumption embedded in culture and language: Implications for finding sustainability (2010) Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, 6 (2), pp. 38-48. , http://sspp.proquest.com/archives/vol6iss2/0912-040.wilk.html; (2007) Global Economic Prospects: Managing the Next Wave of Globalization, , World Bank., Washington, DC: World Bank; (2008) State of the World: Innovations for a Sustainable Economy, , Worldwatch Institute., New York: W.W. Norton; (2009) State of the World: Into a Warming World, , Worldwatch Institute., New York: W.W. Norton},
correspondence_address1={Stutz, J.; Tellus Institute, 11 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116, United States; email: jstutz@tellus.org},
publisher={ProQuest},
issn={15487733},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sustainability Sci. Pract. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sanga2010403,
author={Sanga, J. and Retna, K.S.},
title={An exploratory case study: Cultural effects of knowledge management practices in the Solomon Islands},
journal={International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management},
year={2010},
volume={10},
number={1},
pages={403-416},
doi={10.18848/1447-9524/CGP/v10i01/49908},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957680488&doi=10.18848%2f1447-9524%2fCGP%2fv10i01%2f49908&partnerID=40&md5=a128769c6c0930836189b06d6025f4cd},
affiliation={International Company -Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands; Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand},
abstract={In recent years Knowledge Management(KM) has received increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. The global economy has compelled organisations to develop approaches to KM to stay competitive. Despite the central role of culture in knowledge, limited attention has been given to its impact on the practice of KM. Drawing on research in an organisation in Solomon Islands, the paper examines the role of national culture. In this paper, Solomon Islands' national culture with its main features of multiplicity of subcultures, big-manism, wantokism, pijin and the people's experiences through mission work, government and war are highlighted as providing encouragement but also barriers to KM. The qualitative research drew on methodological triangulation which included semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observations. The findings show that culture plays an important role in how organizational members perceive the importance and value of knowledge. Important knowledge is perceived to be 'cognitive' acquired through education and indigenous knowing is socially constructed and is mainly underappreciated in its tacit form. The paper contributes to theory and practice, arguing for the relevance of understanding cultural dynamics in KM. © Common Ground, Joseph Sanga, Kala S. Retna.},
author_keywords={Knowledge management;  National culture;  Solomon islands},
references={Alasia, S., Politics (1989) Ples Blong Iumi, p. 164. , In H. Laracy (Ed.), Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific; Alvesson, M., Karreman, D., Odd couple: Making sense of the curious concept of knowledge management (2001) The Journal of Management Studies, 38 (7), p. 995; Bruner J., S., (1996) The culture of education, , Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; Constas, M.A., Qualitative analysis as a public event: The documentation of category development procedures (1992) American Educational Research journal, 29 (2), pp. 253-266; De Long D., W., Fahey, L., Diagnosing cultural barriers to knowledge management (2000) The Academy of Management Executive, 14 (4), p. 113; Fugui J., M., (2007) Culture of Solomon Islands, , Advameg Inc; Geetz, C., (1993) The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays, , London: Fontana; Gegeo D., W., Watson-Gegeo K., A., "How we know?" Kwara'ae Rural Villagers doing Indigenous Epistemology (2001) The Contemporary Pacific, 13 (1), pp. 55-88; Godelier, M., (1982) The Making of Great Men, 56. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Grossman, M., The Emerging Academic Discipline of Knowledge Management (2007) Journal of Information Systems Education, 18 (1), p. 31; Hall E., T., (1976) Beyond Culture, , (1st Ed.)., Garden City, NY: Anchor Press; Hasan, H., Gould, E., Support for the sense-making activity of managers (2001) Decision Support Systems, 31 (1), pp. 71-86; Hedlund, G., A model of knowledge management and the N-form Corporation (1994) Strategic Management Journal, 15, pp. 73-90; Hofstede G., H., (1980) Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values, , Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications; Holden, N., Knowledge management: Raising the spectre of the cross-cultural dimension (2001) Knowledge and Process Management, 8 (3), p. 155; Hull, R., Knowledge management and the conduct of expert labour (2000) Managing Knowledge, , In C. E. A. Prichard (Ed.), Basingstoke: MacMillan; Keesing R., M., (1988) Melanesian Pidgin and the oceanic substrate, , Stanford, California: Stanford University Press; Kogut, B., Zander, U., What firms do? Coordination, identity and learning (1996) Organization Science, 7 (5), p. 502; Maurial, M., Indigenous knowledge and schooling: A continuum between conflict and dialogue (1999) What is Indigenous Knowledge? Voice from the Academy, p. 381. , In L. M. Semali & J. L. Kincheloe (Eds.), New York: Flamer Press; Muhlhausler, P., Muhlhausler B., S., Simple English in the South Seas Evangelical Mission (2005) Language Problems & Language Planning, 29 (1), pp. 1-30; Nonaka, I., Konno, N., The concept of "ba": Building a foundation for knowledge creation (1998) California Management Review, 40 (3), p. 40; Nonaka, I., Peltokorpi, V., Objectivity and subjectivity in knowledge management: A review of 20 top articles (2006) Knowledge and Process Management, 13 (2), p. 73; O'Dell, C., Grayson C., J., (1998) If only we knew what we know: The transfer of internal knowledge and best practice, , New York: Simon & Schuster; O'Leary, Z., (2004) The essential guide to doing Research, , London: Sage Publication Ltd; Pauleen D., J., Wu L., L., Dexter, S., Exploring the relationship between national and organisational culture, and knowledge management (2007) Cross-cultural perspectives on Knowledge Management, p. 259. , In D. J. Pauleen (Ed.), Westport: Libraries Unlimited; Polanyi, M., (1967) The tacit dimension, , London: Routledge & K. Paul; (2004) 2004 Annual Report, , Report, Honiara: Solomon Islands National Provident Fund; Retna K., S., Bryson J., E., Asian organisations meet North American Theory: The case of Singapore and Senge (2007) Cross-cultural perspectives on Knowledge Management, p. 259. , In D. J. Pauleen (Ed.), Westport: Libraries Unlimited; Ruggles, R., The state of the nation: Knowledge management in practice (1998) California Management Review, 40 (3), pp. 80-89; Sand, C., Melanesian tribes vs. Polynesian chiefdoms: Recent archaeological assessment of a classic model of socio-political types in Oceania (2002) Asian Perspectives, 41 (2), p. 284; Sanga, J., Remembering (1989) Ples Blong Iumi, p. 176. , In H. Laracy (Ed.), Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific; Sahlins, M., Poor man, rich man, big-man, chief: Political types in Meanesia and Polynesia (1963) Comparative Studies of Society and History, (5), pp. 285-303; Schultze, U., Boland Jr., J., Knowledge management technology and the reproduction of knowledge work practices (2000) Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9 (2-3), pp. 193-212; Tsoukas, H., The missing link: A transformational view of metaphors in organizational science (1989) Organization Studies, 23, pp. 211-248},
correspondence_address1={Sanga, J.; International Company -Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands},
publisher={Common Ground Publishing},
issn={14479524},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Knowl. Cult. Change Manage.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sandvik2010251,
author={Sandvik, P.T.},
title={Multinationals, host countries and subsidiary development: Falconbridge Nikkelverk in Norway, 1929-39},
journal={Business History},
year={2010},
volume={52},
number={2},
pages={251-267},
doi={10.1080/00076791003610667},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951738034&doi=10.1080%2f00076791003610667&partnerID=40&md5=83c47bc9f8a384f8fd6a54f880a01137},
affiliation={Department of History and Classical Studies, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway},
abstract={Multinational companies and their subsidiaries have been important actors in the world economy. However, we know relatively little about the evolution of subsidiaries and their adaption to host country conditions. This article is a case study of a Norwegian subsidiary of the Canadian mining multinational Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd. It examines what autonomy the subsidiary had, how the autonomy was used, its development of knowledge and how it adapted to Norwegian ways of doing business. The article shows that subsidiaries may contribute significantly to the development of their mother companies. It highlights four factors that influenced the degree of autonomy and the evolution of subsidiaries in the inter-war era; namely host country politics, the line of business, the configuration of knowledge within the given multinational company and in case of acquisitions; the prehistory of the subsidiary. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={Falconbridge;  Host countries;  Multinational companies;  Nickel industry;  Subsidiaries;  Subsidiary autonomy},
keywords={autonomy;  economic history;  global economy;  industrial development;  mining industry;  multinational enterprise, Norway},
references={Ananiassen, E., (1983) Rettsgrunnlag Og Konsesjonspraksis (MA Thesis), , University of Oslo; (1998) Multinational Corporate Evolution and Subsidiary Development, , Birkinshaw, J., & Hood, N., (Eds.). London: Macmillan; Bjørgum, J., (1973) Norsk kjemisk industriarbeiderforbund 50 år, , Oslo: Norsk Kjemisk Industriarbeiderforbund; Bregaint, D., Det uønskede barnet: DNN og Péchiney 1913-1958 (2008) Globalisert I Et Rhundre, Norsk Aluminiumsindustri 1908-2008, pp. 101-136. , In H.O. Frøland, J. Henden, & A. Karlsen (Eds.), Bergen: Fagbokforlaget; Christensen, S., (2006) Switching Relations, , (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Norwegian School of Management; Colussi, J., (1988) The Rise and Fall of The British America Nickel Corporation 1913-24, , (MA thesis). Laurentian University; D'Crutz, J., Strategic management of subsidiaries (1986) Managing the Multinational Subsidiary, pp. 75-89. , In H. Etemad & L. Dulude (Eds.), London: St. Martin's Press; Edwards, T., Multinationals, international integration and employment practices in domestic plants (2000) Industrial Relations Journal, 31, pp. 115-129; Edwards, T., Ferner, A., The renewed 'American Challenge': A review of employment practice in US multinationals (2000) Industrial Relations Journal, 33 (2), pp. 94-111; Fløgstad, K., (1990) Arbeidets Lys, Tungindustrien I Sauda Gjennom 75 år, , Oslo: Samlaget; Hall, P., Soskice, D., (2001) Varieties of Capitalism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hodne, F., (1981) Norges økonomiske Historie 1815-1970, , Oslo: Cappelen; Hodne, F., (1983) The Norwegian Economy 1920-1980, , London: Croom Helm; Jones, G., (2005) Multinationals and Global Capitalism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Jones, G., (2005) Renewing Unilever, Transformation and Tradition, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kay, N., The resource-based approach to multinational enterprise (1986) Multinationals and Theory, pp. 142-163. , In P. Hertner & G. Jones (Eds.), Aldershot: Ashgate; Keilhau, W., (1938) Det norske folks liv og historie, I vår egen tid, , Oslo: Cappelen; Kristensen, P., Zeitlin, J., (2005) Local Players in Global Games: The Strategic Constitution of a Multinational Corporation, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lange, E., The concession laws of 1906-1909 and Norwegian industrial development (1977) Scandinavian Journal of History, 2, pp. 311-330; Main, O.W., (1955) The Canadian Nickel Industry, , Toronto: Toronto University Press; Masdalen, K.O., (1991) Agders Historie 1920-1945, , Kristiansand: Agder Historielag; Maurseth, P., (1987) Gjennom Kriser Til Makt 1920-35, Arbeiderbevegelsens Historie I Norge Bd. 3, , Oslo: Tiden forlag; Nilsson, C., Employers' strategies against unionism and socialism 1899-1940 (2001) Convergence, Industrialisation In Denmark, Finland and Sweden 1870-1940, , In H.K. Larsen (Ed.), Helsinki: Suomen Tiedesaura; (1948) Norsk Kjemisk Industriarbeiderforbund Gjennom 25 år 1923-1948, , Oslo; Pearce, R., The evolution of technology in MNE: The role of creative subsidiaries (1999) International Business Review, 8 (2), pp. 125-148; Penrose, E., Foreign investment and the growth of the firm (1956) Economic Journal, 66, pp. 220-235; Perlmutter, H., (1969) The Tortuous Evolution of The Multinational firm, pp. 295-308. , Columbia Journal of World Business, (January-February); Pryser, T., (1988) Klassen Og Nasjonen 1935-46, Arbeiderbevegelsens Historie I Norge Bd. 4, , Oslo: Tiden Forlag; Notater Vdr. Hybinette-prosessen, , Rykkelid, H. (n.d.), Unpublished manuscript, Falconbridge Archive Kristiansand; Rinde, H., (1995) Fylkeskraft Og Folkestyre, , Kristiansand: Vest Agder Energiverk; Sandvik, P.T., (1999) Kristiansands Historie 1945-1999, , Kristiansand: Sparebanken Pluss; Sandvik, P.T., (2004) Falconbridge Nikkelverk 1910-1929-2004, , Kristiansand: Falconbridge Nikkelverk; Sandvik, P.T., Folldal Gruver (2008) Industrispor, fra Melbu til Lindesnes, pp. 67-87. , In G. Gursli & E. Thorup (Eds.), Oslo: Aschehoug; Sandvik, P.T., (2008) The Making of A Subsidiary, Falconbridge Nikkelverk 1910-1929-2004, , (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Sandvik, P.T., Facing oligopoly and protectionism: The fate of small producers in the interwar nickel industry (2009) Scandinavian Journal of History, 4, pp. 376-393; Sandvik, P.T., (2010) Såpekrigen 1930-31, Lilleborgsaken, Venstrestaten Og Norsk økonomisk Nasjonalisme, , Unpublished manuscript; Sandvik, P.T., Andresen, E., (2000) Kristiansand Energiverk 1900-2000, , Kristiansand: Kristiansand Energiverk; Sejersted, F., (1996) Demokratisk Kapitalisme, , Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; Skelton, A., Nickel (1937) International Control In the Non Ferrous Metals Industry, pp. 109-209. , In W. Elliott (Ed.), New York: Macmillan; Stock, G., (1954) Falconbridge's History, , Unpublished manuscript, Falconbridge Archive Toronto; Stonehill, A., (1965) Foreign Ownership in Norwegian Enterprises, , Oslo: Statistisk Sentralbyrå; Tandberg, T., Eriksen, R., Tolfsen, L., Sandersen, E., (1991) Kronos Titan A/S Gjennom 75 år, 1916-1991, , Fredrikstad: Kronos Titan; (1992) The European Business Systems, firms and Markets in their National Contexts, , Whitley, R. (Ed.). London: Sage; Whitley, R., (1999) Divergent Capitalisms: The Social Structuring and Change of Business Systems, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Whitley, R., How and why are international firms different? The consequences of crossborder managerial coordination for firm characteristics and behaviour (2001) The Multinational firm: Organising Across Institutional and National Divides, pp. 27-68. , In G. Morgan, P.H. Kristensen, & R. Whitley (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Wilkins, M., (2004) The History of Foreign Investment in the United States 1914-1945, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Wubs, B., (2007) Comparing US Multinationals in a Dutch Business Environment: IBM, Dow and Sara Lee, , Unpublished manuscript},
correspondence_address1={Sandvik, P. T.; Department of History and Classical Studies, , Trondheim, Norway; email: paal.sandvik@hf.ntnu.no},
publisher={Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
issn={00076791},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{O'Bryan20091,
author={O'Bryan, S.},
title={The growth idea: Purpose and prosperity in postwar Japan},
journal={The Growth Idea: Purpose and Prosperity in Postwar Japan},
year={2009},
pages={1-261},
note={cited By 31},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906374300&partnerID=40&md5=8cd714a61d092d9a3805a28ffc668b86},
affiliation={Indiana University, United States},
abstract={Our narratives of postwar Japan have long been cast in terms almost synonymous with the story of rapid economic growth. Scott O'Bryan reinterprets this seemingly familiar history through an innovative exploration, not of the anatomy of growth itself, but of the history of growth as a set of discourses by which Japanese "growth performance" as "economic miracle" came to be articulated. The premise of his work is simple: To our understandings of the material changes that took place in Japan during the second half of the twentieth century we must also add perspectives that account for growth as a new idea around the world, one that emerged alongside rapid economic expansion in postwar Japan and underwrote the modes by which it was imagined, forecast, pursued, and regulated. In an accessible, lively style, O'Bryan traces the history of growth as an object of social scientific knowledge and as a new analytical paradigm that came to govern the terms by which Japanese understood their national purposes and imagined a newly materialist vision of social and individual prosperity. Several intersecting obsessions worked together after the war to create an agenda of social reform through rapid macroeconomic increase. Epistemological developments within social science provided the conceptual instruments by which technocrats gave birth to a shared lexicon of growth. Meanwhile, reformers combined prewar Marxist critiques with new modes of macroeconomic understanding to mobilize long-standing fears of overpopulation and "backwardness" and argue for a growthist vision of national reformation. O'Bryan also presents surprising accounts of the key role played by the ideal of full employment in national conceptions of recovery and of a new valorization of consumption in the postwar world that was taking shape. Both of these, he argues, formed critical components in a constellation of ideas that even in the context of relative poverty and uncertainty coalesced into a powerful vision of a materially prosperous future. Even as Japan became the premier icon of the growthist ideal, neither the faith in rapid growth as a prescription for national reform nor the ascendancy of social scientific epistemologies that provided its technical support was unique to Japanese experience. The Growth Idea thus helps to historicize a concept of never-ending growth that continues to undergird our most basic beliefs about the success of nations and the operations of the global economy. It is a particularly timely contribution given current imperatives to reconceive ideas of purpose and prosperity in an age of resource depletion and global warming. © 2009 University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved.},
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LTCB International Library Trust/International House of Japan; Köichi, Y., (1959) Zen Keinosuke Tsuisöroku, , Nihon Dantai Seimei Hoken Kabushiki Kaisha; Young, L., (1998) Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Keinosuke, Z., Beikoku tökei shisetsudan shöen ni okeru söri daijin dairi zen kokumu daijin aisatsu (1963) Nihon Tökei Seido Saikenshi: Tökei Iinkai Shikö, Shiryö Hen, 2, pp. 79-81. , Jan. 17, 1947, In Nihon Tökei Kenkyüjo, Nihon Tökei Kenkyüjo; Keinosuke, Z., Nihon keizai no saiken (1946) Nihon Keizai Shinbun, pp. 168-177. , (Dec. 9). Reprinted in Zen Keinosuke tsuisöroku, edited by Yoshino Köichi, Nihon Dantai Seimei Hoken Kabushiki Kaisha, 1959},
correspondence_address1={O'Bryan, S.; Indiana UniversityUnited States},
publisher={University of Hawai'i Press},
isbn={9780824832827},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Growth Idea: Purpose and Prosperity in Postwar Japan},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kfir200936,
author={Kfir, I.},
title={Southeast Asia, the United states and the war on terror: Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia},
journal={Orient},
year={2009},
volume={50},
number={2},
pages={36-46},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952730779&partnerID=40&md5=974f64bc2ddc990ce50c856b742563ce},
keywords={administration;  democratization;  global economy;  Islamism;  social organization;  strategic approach;  terrorism, Indonesia;  Malaysia;  Thailand;  United States},
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(2003) Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 16 (3), pp. 436-437. , October; Jones, S., Briefing for the new president: The terrorist threat in Indonesia and Southeast Asia (2008) The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 618 (1), pp. 69-78. , July; Hashim, C.N., Langgulung, H., Islamic religious curriculum in muslim countries: The experiences of Indonesia and Malaysia (2008) Bulletin of Education and Research, 30 (1), pp. 1-19. , June; Desker, B., The Jemaah Islamiyah (Jl) Phenomenon in Singapore (2003) Contemporary Southeast Asia, 25 (3), pp. 489-507. , December; Ismail, N.H., Schooled for a house of Islam (2005) The Jakarta Post, , http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050827.E03, [Indonesia] August 27; Daniels, T.P., Liberals, moderates and jihadists: Protesting Danish cartoons in Indonesia (2007) Contemporary Islam, 1 (3), pp. 231-246. , December; Abuza, Z., Tentacles of terror: Al-Qaeda's Southeast Asian network (2004) Contemporary Southeast Asia, 24 (3), p. 452. , December; Marsot, A.-G., Political Islam in Asia: A case study (1992) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 524, pp. 156-169. , especially pp. 159160; Murphy, A.M., Indonesia returns to the international stage: Good news for the united states (2009) Orbis, 53 (1), pp. 72-73. , January; (2008) Statement for the Record by Gina K. Abercrombie-Winstanley Deputy Coordinator for Counterterrorism, US State Department., , http://nationalsecurity.oversight.house.gov/documents/20080604115139.pdf, Testimony given before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs. June 4; Gemelas, T.C., Indonesia challenge (2002) Washington Times, , http://www.cfr.org/publication/4528/indonesia_challenge.html?breadcrumb= %2Fpublication%2Fpublication_list%3Fgroupby%3D0%26type%3Dop_ed%26filter%3D263, April 30; Watson, P., Indonesia antiterrorism chief says monitoring and trust are key (2009) Los Angeles Times, , http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/lafg-indonesia-police-qa15- 2009mar15,03932185.story?track=rss, March 15; (2004) Patterns of Global Terrorism, , Report issued by the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, April 29; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 221. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 285. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 231. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 221. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 285. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 231. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 221. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 285. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 231. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2009), https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html, Accessed March 15; Balasubramaniam, V., A divided nation: Malay political dominance, bumiputera material advancement and national identity in Malaysia (2007) National Identities, 9 (1), pp. 35-36. , March; Balasubramaniam, V., A divided nation: Malay political dominance, bumiputera material advancement and national identity in Malaysia (2007) National Identities, 9 (1), pp. 35-36. , March; Graham, B.N., Brown, K., Federal and state elections in Malaysia, March 2008 (2008) Electoral Studies, 27, pp. 741-742; note; Brown, G.K., (2008) Federal and State Elections in Malaysia, March 2008, 27, pp. 740-741; Walsh, B., Malaysia at 50: Midlife crisis ahead? (2007) Current History, 106 (699), pp. 173-179. , April; Fazul, A., Hamid, A., Islamist realignments and the of the reranding of the muslim youth movement of Malaysia (2008) Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30 (2), p. 216. , and throughout (pp. 215-240); Ibrahim, A., Universal values and muslim democracy (2006) Journal of Democracy, 17 (3), p. 8. , July; Kortteinen, T., It Is Generally Regarded That, over the Past Twenty-five Years or So, Islam Has Become More Pervasive in Malaysian Society. This Means, among Other Things, More Veiled Women in the Streets As Well As Efforts to Increase the Role of Islam in Codifying Social Behaviour in All Spheres of Life, , has written; Kortteinen, T., Islamic resurgence and the ethnicization of the Malaysian State: The case of lina joy (2008) Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 23 (2), p. 218; Chew, E., Malaysia stimulus tops $16 billion (2009) The Wall Street Journal, , http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123667522312181571.html?mod= googlenews_wsj, March 11; Walsh, B., Malaysia at 50: Midlife crisis ahead? (2007) Current History, 106 (699), pp. 173-179. , April; Case, W., Malaysia in 2007: High corruption and low opposition (2007) Asian Survey, 48 (1), pp. 47-54; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 220. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 284. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 230. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 220. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 284. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 230. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 220. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2009), https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html, Accessed March 15; The occupation of the Bangkok airport had a severe affect on Thailand's tourism industry; Kazmin, A., A setback for Thai democracy: The rise, rule and overthrow of Thaksin shinawatra (2007) Asian Survey, 38 (2), pp. 222-223. , July; Khamchoo, C., Political participation and governance in Thailand (2006) Governance and Democracy, pp. 107-130. , Takashi Inoguchi and Matthew Carlson (ed.) Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press; Connors, M.K., Goodbye to the security State: Thailand and ideological change (2003) Journal of Contemporary Asia, 33 (3), pp. 431-448; Kazmin, A., A setback for Thai Democracy: The rise, rule and overthrow of Thaksin Shinawatra (2007) Asian Survey, 38 (2), pp. 211-224. , July; Connors, M.K., Goodbye to the security State: Thailand and ideological change (2003) Journal of Contemporary Asia, 33 (3), pp. 431-448; Cline, L.E., Thailand and the insurgency in the South (2005) Small Wars & Insurgencies, 18 (2), pp. 275-287; Croissant, A., Muslim insurgency, political violence, and democracy in Thailand (2007) Terrorism and Political Violence, 19 (1), pp. 1-20; Gunaratna, R., Acharya, A., (2006) Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism, , "Thailand" . Derek S. Reveron and Jeffrey Stevenson Murer. London: Routledge; Liow, J.C., The security situation in Southern Thailand: Toward an understanding of domestic and international dimensions (2004) Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 27 (6), pp. 531-548. , November-December; McCargo, D., Thaksin and the resurgence of violence in the Thai South: Network monarchy strike back (2006) Critical Asian Studies, 38 (1), pp. 39-71; Srisompob, J., Panyasak, S., Unpacking Thailand's Southern conflict: The poverty of structural explanations (2006) Critical Asian Studies, 38 (1), p. 98. , and through out (pp. 95-117); This is suggested in the heavily criticized book of Rohan Gunaratna, Arabinda Acharya, and Sabrina Chua. Conflict and Terrorism in Southern Thailand. (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 2005); Connors, M.K., War on terror and the southern fire: How terrorism analysts get it wrong (2006) Critical Asian Studies, 38 (1), pp. 151-175; Abuza, Z., Tentacles of terror: Al-Qaeda's Southeast Asian network (2004) Contemporary Southeast Asia, 24 (3), p. 459. , December; Southern Thailand: Insurgency not Jihad (2004) ICG Report No. 98, p. 1. , International Crisis Group Singapore/Brussels: May 18, 33-35; Pathmanand, U., Thaksin's policy's go South (2005) Far Eastern Economic Review, 168 (7), p. 8. , July/August; Southern Thailand: Insurgency not Jihad (2004) ICG Report No. 98, p. 38. , International Crisis Group. Singapore/Brussels: May 18; Montesano, M.J., Thailand: A reckoning with history begins (2007) Southeast Asian Affairs, pp. 311-339; Pongsudhirak, T., Thailand since the coup (2008) Journal of Democracy, 19 (2), pp. 140-153. , October; (2005) Human Development Report 2005., , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05-complete.pdf], 220; (2006) Human Development Report 2006., p. 284. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 230. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 220. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 284. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 230. , http://hdr.undorg/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2005) Human Development Report 2005, p. 220. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2006) Human Development Report 2006, p. 284. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2007) Human Development Report 2007-2008, p. 230. , http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf, New York: Palgrave Macmillan; (2009), https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html, Accessed March 15},
correspondence_address1={Kfir, I.},
issn={00305227},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Orient},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yeh20092880,
author={Yeh, W.-M.},
title={Association of the dslrs and dslr confidence level using proportional odds model},
journal={Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics},
year={2009},
volume={5},
pages={2880-2885},
doi={10.1109/ICMLC.2009.5212586},
art_number={5212586},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2009 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics ; Conference Date: 12 July 2009 Through 15 July 2009;  Conference Code:78063},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350714567&doi=10.1109%2fICMLC.2009.5212586&partnerID=40&md5=a92b828cd367391d2f752bc3cafa7595},
affiliation={Department of Radio and Television, National Taiwan University of Arts, Taipei, Taiwan},
abstract={Since the beginning of deep impression in the late 2008. It could be the most severe recession since World War II, the global economy is projected to shrink by 1.3 percent in 2009, with a slow recovery expected to take hold next year, according to the IMF's April World Economic Outlook (WEO) . Therefore, some small video production units are thinking a dynamic, reasonable price with good quality DSLRs -Nikon D90 and Canon 5D Mark II with built in video chip, in stead of current expensive video systems since the winter of 2008. The photography world is beginning to adapt to a new phase in the marriage of cameras and computing technology: the arrival of SLRs that can shoot not just still images, but video too. The change began with the arrival of image sensors, the light-sensitive microchips that replaced film. Now, two new DSLRs are taking another step away from the film paradigm, following in the footsteps of point-and-shoot cameras by recording continuous video and not just still images. Doubtless video will gradually spread to other DSLR models and makers, which would create more impacts not only the consumer and professional market of photography but video market. In our experiment, we collect 227 cases from the telephone survey during Apr., 2009 and Feb, 2009. All cases are 300, a total of 220 cases comply with the conditions. To probe mainly into the relationship between DSLR Confidence level and three DSLRs potential customer, A(Traditional Consumer or Photographer, TCP), B(Multimedia Specialist, MS) and C(Video Cameraman,VC). The profiles of contingency table were used to explore the relationship between DSLRs' confidence level and DSLRs, and proportional odds model were used to confirm the relationship. The result presents DSLRs' confidence level is related with DSLRs. The A(TCP) are less high on confidence level than B(MS) and C. It is an effective method that may help to improve management qualities and push media management forward. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Profile of contingency table;  Proportional odds model;  Test of independence},
keywords={Computing technology;  Confidence levels;  Contingency table;  Economic outlook;  Global economies;  Management quality;  Media management;  Potential customers;  Professional markets;  Profile of contingency table;  Proportional odds model;  Still images;  Telephone survey;  Test of independence;  Video markets;  Video production;  Video systems;  World war II, Control theory;  Cybernetics;  Multimedia systems;  Photography;  Robot learning;  Transmission control protocol, Cameras},
references={Diggle, P.J., Liang, K.Y., Zeger, S.L., (1994) Analysis of Longitudinal Data, , Oxford Press; Jobson, J.D., (1992) Applied Multivariate Data Analysis Volume :Categorical and Multivariate Methods, , Springer-Verlag New York, Inc; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, , Chapman and Hall, New York; McCullagh, P., Regression models for ordinal data (with discussion) (1980) Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Ser. B, 42, pp. 109-142},
correspondence_address1={Yeh, W.-M.; Department of Radio and Television, , Taipei, Taiwan; email: t0150@mail.ntua.edu.tw},
address={Baoding},
isbn={9781424437030},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. Cybern.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wilkinson2009597,
author={Wilkinson, R.},
title={Language, power and multilateral trade negotiations},
journal={Review of International Political Economy},
year={2009},
volume={16},
number={4},
pages={597-619},
doi={10.1080/09692290802587734},
note={cited By 40},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74949088311&doi=10.1080%2f09692290802587734&partnerID=40&md5=0446b30923f5c733b014628b9d1647f4},
affiliation={School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom},
abstract={Warnings that a breakdown in multilateral trade liberalization would bring about an upsurge in protectionist sentiment, the possible collapse of the multilateral trading system and, in the most doomsday of scenarios, the fragmentation of the global economy have been an intrinsic part of trade negotiations since the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was first negotiated.What is seldom acknowledged, however, is the role that this language of crisis and collapse - what might be called a 'crisis discourse' - has had on framing trade negotiations and in maintaining forward momentum in the liberalization process. This discourse has played a role in facilitating the kind of institutional development that the GATT and the World Trade Organization (WTO) has undergone - helping to push through bargains among GATT contracting parties and WTO members that have been (and remain) deeply asymmetrical - and driving the trade agenda forward at moments when the institution appears deadlocked; and it has continued to play a role in the current round of negotiations. The aims of the paper are twofold. First, the paper explores the content of the crisis discourse. Second, it examines the way in which the discourse has been deployed as a means of reframing trade negotiations in such a way that the likelihood of their continuation and ultimate conclusion increases. The paper does this by focusing on the collapse and resumption of the negotiations in the wake of the WTO's 2005 Hong Kong ministerial meeting, though the crisis discourse and its intensification at moments of intransigence has been a key feature of trade negotiations since the Allies first sat down to develop a trade architecture in the wartime and early post-war years. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.},
author_keywords={Developing countries;  Discourse;  Doha development agenda;  Language;  Power;  Trade negotiations;  WTO},
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Levinson (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Mandelson, P., A deal can still be salvaged from the Ashes (2006) Financial Times, , 31 July; Mandelson, P., Press statement (2006), http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/newround/dohada/pr240706_en.htm, 24 July; Mandelson, P., (2006), Speech to the Haus der Deutschen Wirtschaft, Berlin, 23 January; Moore, M., (2003) A world Without walls: Freedom, Development, Free Trade and Global Governance, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Nath, K., (2005), http://commerce.nic.in/dec05/index.htm, Statement in Lok Sabha, 21 December; Orwell, G., (1939) 'Boys' Weeklies', reprinted in Inside the Whale and Other Essays, , London: Penguin; Orwell, G., Politics and the english language (1946) Inside the Whale and Other Essays, , reprinted in, London: Penguin; Ostry, S., (1997) The Post-cold War Trading System, , London: University of Chicago Press; (2002) Try Telling him that Trade Liberalisation is Like Riding a Bicycle, , http://www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/oxfamwwf_leaflet_final01.pdf, Oxfam/WWF; Pauwelyn, J., New trade politics in the 21st century (2008) Journal of International Economic Law, 11 (3), pp. 559-573; Portman, R., Keeping Doha Alive (2006) Washington Times, , 6 January; Ricupero, R., Rebuilding Confidence in the Multilateral Trading System: Closing the "Legitimacy Gap"' (2001) Therole of The World Trade Organization in Global Governance, , in G. P. Sampson (ed.), Tokyo: United Nations University Press; Rodik, D., Don't Cry for Doha (2008) The Guardian, , 8 August; Said, E.W., (1978) Orientalism: Western Conceptions of The Orient, , London: Penguin; Sapir, E., (1970) Edward Sapir. Culture, Language and Personality: Selected Essays, , edited by D. G. Mandelbaum, Berkeley: University of California Press; Schott, J., Costs of failure of global trade negotiations have been understated (2006) Financial Times, , 23 June; (2008) The Wto's Last Gasp?, , http://www.socialistappeal.org/content/view/597/65/, Socialist Appeal, 1 August; Sontag, S., (2002) Illness as Metaphor and Aids and its Metaphors, , London: Penguin Books; Supachai, P., (2005) Statement to Informal Meeting at The Level of Heads of Delegation, , http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp40_e.htm, Geneva, 8 July; Sutherland, P., Correcting misperceptions (2005) Foreign Affairs, , special edition, December; Thirlwell, M., Doha closes, another opens (2006) The Australian, , 27 July; Thurow, L.C., (1992) Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan,europe and America, , New York: Morrow; (2006) World Trade Organization: Limited Progress At Hong Kong Ministerial Clouds Progress For Doha Agreement, , http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06596.pdf, US GAO, Report to the Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, GAO-06-596, April; Viner, J., Conflicts of principle in drafting a trade charter (1947) Foreign Affairs, 25 (4), pp. 612-628; (2006) British Mps Accuse Mandelson of Causing WTO Crisis, , War on Want, General Press Release, 27 April; Wharf, B.L., (1973) Language,thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf, , edited by J. B. Carroll, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Wilcox, C., (1949) A Charter For World Trade, , New Work: Macmillan; Wilkinson, R., (2006) The WTO: Crisis and The Governance of Global Trade, , London: Routledge; Wilkinson, R., The WTO in Hong Kong:What it really means for the Doha development agenda (2006) New Political Economy, 11 (2), pp. 291-304; Williams, F., Beattie, A., Poor Nations Left Swimming in "Spaghetti Bowl" of Rules (2006) Financial Times, , 26 July; Wolfowitz, P., (2005), http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/TRADE/EXTTOPHKMIN/0,contentMDK:20746823~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:1638660,00.html, Message from the World Bank President, Paul Wolfowitz, on the Doha Development Round, 6 December; Daily summary of events at the Hong Kong MinisterialMeeting: Day 6: Ministers Agree on Declaration that 'Puts Round Back on Track' (2005), http://192.91.247.23/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min05_e/min05_18dec_e.htm, WTO, 18 December; Zeiler, T.W., (1999) Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of The Gatt, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Zoellick, R., (2001) Speech Given to the Council on Foreign Relations, , http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/USTR_Speeches/2001/asset_upload_file821_4260.pdf, Washington, DC, 30 October},
correspondence_address1={Wilkinson, R.; School of Social Sciences, United Kingdom},
issn={09692290},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Int. Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Reuter2009857,
author={Reuter, T.},
title={Globalisation and local identities: The rise of new ethnic and religious movements in post-suharto Indonesia},
journal={Asian Journal of Social Science},
year={2009},
volume={37},
number={6},
pages={857-871},
doi={10.1163/156848409X12526657425181},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74049111837&doi=10.1163%2f156848409X12526657425181&partnerID=40&md5=36755d3c2c7e3d2845b045bff9831656},
affiliation={Monash University, School of Social and Political Inquiry, Australia},
abstract={A worldwide resurgence of local ethnic or religious identities has led to numerous conflicts locally, and also globally, since the end of the Cold War. This trend is exemplified by Indonesia, where political liberalisation after 32 years of authoritarian rule have allowed local identities and political aspirations to be expressed more freely and in new ways. In this paper, I look at new social movements that are demanding regional autonomy, more local control of local resources and greater recognition for traditional institutions. Such movements shed light on the challenges faced by the multi-ethnic nation of Indonesia today and, more generally, on shifting local identities in developing nations in a globalising world. An example of regional cultural revival movements in Indonesia is the Ajeg Bali Movement. This movement stems from a growing sense of disenfranchisement and desire for self-empowerment among Hindu Balinese. Contributing factors are political liberalisation and decentralisation, the 'touristification' of local culture, increasing dependence on the global economy, the threat of terrorism after the Bali bomb, the influx of Muslim labour migrants and fears of an Islamisation of the Indonesian state. © Koninklijke Brill NV, 2009.},
author_keywords={Bali;  Indonesia;  Post-modernity;  Religious change;  Revitalisation},
keywords={cultural identity;  empowerment;  globalization;  political change;  post-modernism;  religion;  social change;  social movement, Bali;  Indonesia;  Lesser Sunda Islands;  Sunda Isles},
funding_details={Australian Research CouncilAustralian Research Council, ARC},
funding_text 1={1 Dr Thomas Reuter is a Senior Research Fellow at Monash University in the School of Social and Political Inquiry. Research for this project was facilitated by research grants and fellowships from the Australian Research Council. His work has focused most prominently on the anthropology of religion, status systems and the cultural politics of representation in a context of globalisation.},
references={Aragon, L., (2000) Fields of the Lord: Animism, Christian Minorities, and State Development in Indonesia, , Honolulu: Hawaii UP; Bawa, W., "apa yang dimaksud dengan Ajeg Bali" (2004) Garitan Budaya Nusantara Dalam Perspektif Kebinekaan, , Cika, Putrayasa, Tegah and Mastriaduyani (eds), Jakarta: Peberbit Lokasan; (1991) Islam and the Panca Sila, , Bocquet-Siek, M. and Cribb, R. (eds) Townsville: James Cook University; Bubandt, N., (1991) Soa: The Organisation of Political and Social Space in the North Moluccas, , M.A. thesis, University of Melbourne; (1999) Reformasi: Crisis and Change in Indonesia, , Budiman, A. Hatley, B. and Kingsbury D. (eds) Clayton, Vict.: Monash Asia Institute Press; Comaroff, J.L., Comaroff, J., The colonization of consciousness (1992) Ethnography and the Historical Imagination, , Comaroff , J. L. and Comaroff , J., Boulder: Westview Press; Couteau, J., After the kuta bombing: In search of the balinese soul (2003) Antropologi Indonesia, 70, pp. 41-59; Crouch, H., (1987) The Politics of Islam in Southeast Asia, , Bedford Park: Flinders University of South Australia; Darma Putra, N., Bali Pascabom: Konfi lk, kekerasan dan rekonstruksi identitas budaya seputa Ajeg Bali (2004) Garitan Budaya Nusantara Dalam Perspektif Kebinekaan, , Cika, Putrayasa, Tegah and Mastriaduyani (eds), Jakarta: Penerbit Lokasan; Horkheimer, M., Adorno, T., (1979) Dialectic of Enlightenment, , London: Verso; (2002) Indonesia Briefing, , ICG Report by the International Crisis Group Jakarta/Brussels: ICG; (2003) The Perils of Private Security: Guards and Militias on Bali and Lombok, , Jakarta/ Brussels: ICG; Lee, K., (1999) A Fragile Nation: The Indonesian Crisis, , River Edge, N. J.: World Scientific; (2002) Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the Good Governance Paradigm, , Lindsey, T. and Dick, H. (eds) Annandale, NSW: Federation Press; Naradha, S., (2004) Ajeg Bali: Sebuah Cita-Cita, , Commemorative volume for the 55th Anniversary of the Bali Post. Denpasar: Bali Post; Picard, M., (1996) Bali: Cultural Tourism and Touristic Culture, , Singapore: Archipelago Press; Touristification and balinization in a time of reformasi (2003) Indonesia and the Malay World, 31, pp. 108-118; Reuter, T., The bali bombing: Understanding the tragedy beyond al-Qaida and Bush's 'War on Terror' (2003) Inside Indonesia, 73; Schulte Nordholt, H., The making of traditional Bali: Colonial ethnography and bureaucratic reproduction (1999) Colonial Subjects. Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology, pp. 241-281. , P. Pels and O. Salemink (eds), Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press; Suasta, P., Connor, L., Democratic mobilization and political authoritarianism: Toursim on Bali (1999) Staying Local in the Global Village. Bali in the Twentieth Century, pp. 91-122. , R. Rubinstein and L. Connor (eds), Honolulu: Hawaii University of Press; Suryawan, N., (2004) Ajeg Bali Dan Lahirnya Jago-jago Kebudayaan, , Kompas, 7 January 2004; Vickers, A., Being modern in Bali after suharto (2003) Inequality, Crisis and Social Change in Indonesia: The Muted Worlds of Bali, , T. Reuter (ed.), London: Routledge-Curzon Press; Wallace, A.F.C., (1966) Religion: An Anthropological View, , New York: Random House; Warren, C., Centre and periphery in Indonesia: Environment, politics and human rights in the regional press (Bali) (1994) Working Paper 42, , Perth: Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University; Weber, M., (1904) The Protestant Work Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, , New York: T. Parsons; Wijaya, N., Melawan Ajeg Bali: Antara Eksklusivitas dan Komersialisasi (2004) Tantular Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah, 2, pp. 154-179},
correspondence_address1={Reuter, T.; Monash University, Australia},
issn={15684849},
coden={AJSSA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asian J. Soc. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bala2009903,
author={Bala, D.J. and Lu, W.},
title={Integrating Africa to global economy: Seeking a trilateral partnership of Sino-US and European Union},
journal={African Journal of Agricultural Research},
year={2009},
volume={4},
number={10},
pages={903-912},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049179876&partnerID=40&md5=322f1ee50b3b101ace870fc812715522},
affiliation={Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD), Zhejiang University, Hua-jia-chi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, China},
abstract={This paper looks at the emerging presence of China in Africa along the parallel presence of U.S for raw materials and energy. While China's presence has been perceived in the west as colonizing Africa that of America is suspicious, even though their quests and strategies are at variance, U.S preaches "good governance with responsibility", transparency and accountability, China prefers the "soft power" and non-interference. At official levels, there is no "cold war" the mutual suspicions, is likely to endanger the sustainability of such resources, thus there is need for a collaboration in partnership between China, the U.S and the European Union, using Africa's Road Map for economic integration, especially effective use of oil revenues and agricultural reforms and trade liberalization for economic integration for the mutual benefits Africa and the partners. This would present formidable opportunities and challenges that would profoundly alter the process of economic growth of the continent. © 2009 Academic Journals.},
author_keywords={"soft power";  Consumption patterns;  Economic integration;  Production and;  Responsible governance;  The continent},
references={Besada, H., Wang, Y., Whalley, J., China's Growing Economic Activity in Africa (2008) National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14020, , http://www.nber.org/papers/w14024; Brisciani, F., Valdes, A., Beyond Food Production: The Role of Agriculture in Poverty (2007) Food and Agric, , Organization of the United Nations and Edward Elgar: Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, M A, USA; Carbaugh, R.J., (2005) International Economics 10th Edn, , South-Western Thomson Corporation: Mason, Ohio, USA; Cedoz, F., Heiler, R.E., Lewis, W.E., Meadow, T.K., Wihbey, P.W., Egbogah, E., Onwudiwe, E., Breaking the Oil Syndrome: Responsible Hydrocarbon Development in West Africa (2005) Inc. Center for Policy Analysis and Res, , (ed) Maya Rockeymoore., Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, Washington, DC, USA; Copson, R.W., Africa: U.S Foreign Assistance Issues (2005) Foreign Affairs, , Defense and Trade Division: CRS Issue Brief for Congress the Library of Congress; Davis, P., China and the end of poverty in Africa--towards mutual benefit (2007) A Report by the Swedish Development Aid Organization, , Diakonia in Collaboration with European Network on Debt Development (EURODAD); Dieye, C.T., Hanson, V., MFN Provisions in EPAS: A threat to the South -south trade? (2008) Trade Negotiations Insights, 7 (2). , March, 2008; Diao, X., Hazell, P., Resnick, D., Thurlow, J., The role of Agriculture in development: Implications for Sub-Sahara Africa (2006) Int. Policy Res, , Institute: Dev. Strategy, DSGD Discussion Paper Washington, DC, USA; Easton, A.T., (2007) Clashing views on environmental issues-12th Edn, , McGraw Hill Comptemporary Learning Series: Dubuque, Iowa, USA; Erixon, F., Aid and Development: Will it Work this Time (2005) Int. Policy Network; (2008) Africa and the Monterrey Consensus: Tracking Performance and Progress, , Economic Report on Africa, Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) Publications and Conference Management Section (PCMS): Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Fues, T., Grimm, S., Laufer, D., (2006) China's Africa policy: Opportunities and challenges for European development cooperation, , http//www.die-gdi.de, Briefing Paper, German Dev. Institute; Juma, C., (2006) Redesigning African economics: The role of engineering in international development, , http//www.raeng.org.uk, The 2006 Hinton Lecture at The Royal Academy of Engineering; Kotsopoulos, J., The E.U and Africa: Coming together at last (2007) Policy Briefing, , European Policy Center; Lantis, J.L., The Global Challenge of Weapons Proliferation (1998) Introducing Global Issues, , (editors): Michael T. Snarr and D. Neil Snarr, Lynne Rienner Publisher Inc: Boulder, Colorado USA; Kahn, J.R., (2005) The Economic Approach to Environmental and Natural Resources, , 3rd Edn. Thomson South-Western: Mason, Ohio, USA; Marks, J., Evans, W., (2007), Summary Report, the Brent Hurst Foundation, Chinese Academic of Social Sci. Council on Foreign Relations and Leon H.Sullivan Foundation; Mellor, J.W., Faster More Equitable Growth-The Relationship Between Growth in Agriculture and Poverty Reduction (1999) Agric. Policy Dev. Res., , Report No. 4 Abt Associates Inc: Cambridge, UK; Miller, G.T., (2006) Environmental Science: Working with the Earth, , 3rd Edn. Thompson Learning Inc: Belmont, CA, USA; Norwood, F.B., Lusk, L.J., (2006) Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis, , Pearson Prentice Ltd: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA; Pasicolan, P.S.J., Fitzgerald, S.J., The Millennium Challenge Account: Linking Aid with Economic Freedom (2002) The Heritage Foundation Leadership for Am; Solana, J., Challenges for EU-China Cooperation in Africa (2007) China Daily, , 7th Feb. 20007; Usrey, K., China and America: Partners in African enterprises (2008) A paper prepared by the author, , Dean of the College of Business, Arts and Sci. Education at Friends University: Wichita, Kansas, USA; Copson, D., China's Emerging Interests in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa and the United States (2005) African Renaissance J; Tietenberg, T., (2004) Environmental Economics and Policy 4th Edn, , Pearson Addison Wesley: Boston, USA; Tutwiler, M.A., Straub, M., Making Agricultural Trade Work for the Poor (2005) An IPC Position Paper of the Food and Agric. Trade; Warren, J., Lawson, C., Belsher, K., (2008) The 'Agri-Environment, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; Weil, D.N., Economic Growth 1st Edition (2005) Pearson Education Inc, , Publishing: Boston, MA, USA},
correspondence_address1={Bala, D. J.; Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD), Hua-jia-chi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, China; email: dibahjb@yahoo.com},
issn={1991637X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. J. Agr. Res},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wagner20093,
author={Wagner, J.R., Jr. and Marks, S.B.},
title={Introduction},
journal={Multilayer Flexible Packaging: Technology and Applications for the Food, Personal Care, and Over-the-Counter Pharmaceutical Industries},
year={2009},
pages={3-11},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-8155-2021-4.10001-2},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135729116&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-8155-2021-4.10001-2&partnerID=40&md5=06f2190e0ca1e02e4eca9bf9c334d5a5},
affiliation={University of Notre Dame, United States; E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co, United States},
abstract={This chapter introduces the various multilayer flexible films and their applications. Currently, various polymers such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PET (polyester), and PS (polystyrene) are used to produce clear films for packaging. While these polymers are commonly used in monolayer format, they are also used in multilayer films produced by coextrusion and/or lamination processes. The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis was discovered by Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at the ICI works in Northwich, UK in 1933. Subsequent landmarks in polyethylene synthesis have revolved around the development of several types of catalyst that promote ethylene polymerization at more mild temperatures and pressures. The first of these was a chromium trioxide-based catalyst discovered in 1951 by Robert Banks and J. Paul Hogan at Phillips Petroleum. Until recently, the metallocene systems were the most actively used single-site catalysts for ethylene polymerization. Much effort is currently being exerted on developing new, single-site (so-called postmetallocene) catalysts that may allow greater tuning of the polymer structure than is possible with metallocenes. The dynamics of the industrialized nations post World War II have led to a plethora of applications for many polymers from the mid-20th century continuing into the 21st century. The flexible packaging industry has been one significant part of this engine of growth and adoption for use in many applications has expanded into a global economy, as many newly industrialized nations have become global players in this trade. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene; http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpolyester.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene; Flexible plastic packaging films market in the United States: breakdown of volume sales by material type for the years 2002 & 2007. (2008) Converted flexible packaging - market - Table 5., , March 1; http://www.census.gov/epcd/ec97/us/US000_31.HTM; http://www.miseryindex.us/irbyyear.asp; Cloeren, P., Jr., Application driven coextrusion. (2008) SPE Extrusion Division TopCon 2008, Cincinnati, OH, Oct, pp. 21-22; Xaio, K., Blown film coextrusion. (2008) SPE Extrusion Division TopCon 2008 Cincinnati, OH, Oct, pp. 21-22; Marks, S.B., Material selection for coextrusion. (2008) SPE Extrusion Division TopCon 2008 Cincinnati, OH, Oct, pp. 21-22; Marks, S.B., Tappi PLACE Short Course 2008, (2008) Specialty resins for film & extrusion coating, Colorado Springs, CO,, , Apr 29-May 1; Marks, S.B., Barrier in flexible packaging. (2009) Tappi PLACE Flexible packaging summit, pp. 28-29. , Columbus, OH, Apr (2009)},
correspondence_address1={Wagner, J.R.; University of Notre DameUnited States},
publisher={Elsevier},
isbn={9780080951966; 9780815520214},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Multilayer Flex. Packag.: Technol. and Appl. for the Food, Pers. Care, and Over-the-Count. Pharm. Ind.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Thompson200941,
author={Thompson, P.},
title={The German left, the Berlin wall and the second great crash},
journal={Debatte},
year={2009},
volume={17},
number={1},
pages={41-54},
doi={10.1080/09651560902778352},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67651163841&doi=10.1080%2f09651560902778352&partnerID=40&md5=b15e70cfca508967f81b700d92584ef6},
abstract={This article puts the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 into its historical context. It points out that the developments that led to the demise of communism were not restricted to the Soviet Bloc but were part of a longer term crisis of the global economy. Using Kondratieff's Long Wave theory, this article shows how the end of the long post-war boom in 1974 represented to the high-point of the productivist model of capitalism and the shift to the Wall Street Consensus and global financialisation. It is argued that this development was what both undermined the uncompetitive and structurally productivist Soviet economy, which could not be saved by Gorbachev's Perestroika, and led to the letting go of Eastern Europe. It is further argued that this long downward wave is also what has fed into the current financial crisis, thus linking 1974, 1989 and 2009 in one structural conjuncture. It then goes on to argue that this situation has the potential to bring with it fundamental political and social change in which the role of the state and political control of the economy could be re-imposed over free markets and that this leaves the way open for a party such as the German Linke to take up this challenge.},
references={Blackburn, R., The Subprime Crisis (2008) New Left Review, 50, pp. 63-108; Bobbit, P., (2002) The Shield of Achilles, , Knopf, London; Gowan, P., Crisis in the Heartland (2009) New Left Review, 55, pp. 5-30; Gowan, P., (1999) The Global Gamble, , Verso, London; Staud, T., PDS. Auf dem Weg zur ostdeutschen CSU (2000) Die Zeit, 43, p. 1; Thompson, P., (2005) The Crisis of the German Left, , Berghahn, London and New York; Walter, F., (2006) Die Ziellose Republik, , Kiwi, Cologne},
issn={0965156X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Debatte},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Flint2009150,
author={Flint, C. and Radil, S.M.},
title={Terrorism and counter-terrorism: Situating al-Qaeda and the Global War on Terror within geopolitical trends and structures},
journal={Eurasian Geography and Economics},
year={2009},
volume={50},
number={2},
pages={150-171},
doi={10.2747/1539-7216.50.2.150},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649909260&doi=10.2747%2f1539-7216.50.2.150&partnerID=40&md5=cc0b531e731578b9bdcdd83665226be3},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 607 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States},
abstract={Two North American political geographers situate contemporary terrorism in the world within broad historical trends and geopolitical structures. They employ Rapoport's "four waves of terrorism" to illustrate the changing geography of terrorism (from an intrastate to an international phenomenon) and place it within the context of broad historical shifts in modes of warfare that envisages terrorism as a form of war stemming from imperialism and state-building. The authors broaden the structural setting of terrorism to include geoeconomics and the concept of relative deprivation, using empirical analysis to argue that contemporary terrorism is primarily a feature of the semi-periphery of the world-economy (middle-income countries). Specific characteristics of the Global War on Terror are interpreted by relating processes of imperialism and state-building to a situation in which the U.S. is facing geopolitical challenges and a possible decline in global-power status. Copyright © 2009 by Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Al-Qaeda;  Global War on Terror;  Political geography;  Terrorism;  World-systems theory},
keywords={geopolitics;  global economy;  Islamism;  political geography;  state building;  terrorism;  war;  world system, North America;  United States},
references={Amster, R., Perspectives on Ecoterrorism (2006) Contemporary Justice Review, 9 (3), pp. 287-301; Baudrillard, J., L'esprit du terrorisme (2002) The South Atlantic Quarterly, 101 (2), pp. 403-415; Bergesen, A.J., Lizardo, O., International Terrorism and the World-System (2004) Sociological Theory, 22 (1), pp. 38-52; Booysen, F., An Overview and Evaluation of Composite Indices of Development (2002) Social Indicators Research, 59 (2), pp. 115-151; Boyns, D., Ballard, J.D., Developing a Sociological Theory for the Empirical Understanding of Terrorism (2004) The American Sociologist, 35 (2), pp. 5-25; Bravo, Ana Bela Santos and Carlos Manuel Mendes Dias, An Empirical Analysis of Terrorism: Deprivation, Islamism, and Geopolitical Factors, Defence and Peace Economics, 17, 4:329-341, 2006; Bush, G.W., (2002) The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, , http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf; Callaway, R.L., Harrelson-Stephens, J., Toward a Theory of Terrorism: Human Security as a Determinant of Terrorism (2006) Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 29 (7), pp. 679-702; Chomsky, N., (2000) Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs, , Boston, MA: South End Press; (2008) The 2008 World Factbook, , https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook, CIA U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC: U.S; Cooper, H.H.A., Terrorism: The Problem of Definition Revisited (2001) American Behavioral Scientist, 44 (6), pp. 881-893; Cutter, Susan L., D. B. Richardson, and T. J. Wilbanks, eds., The Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003; Elden, S., Terror and Territory (2007) Antipode, 39 (5), pp. 821-845; (2005) Congressional Testimony: Addressing the Threat of Animal Rights Extremism and Eco-Terrorism, , http://www.fbi.gov/congress/congress05/lewis051805.htm, FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation; Flint, C., Geographies of Inclusion/Exclusion (2003) The Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism, pp. 53-58. , Susan L. Cutter, Douglas B. Richardson, and Thomas J. Wilbanks, eds, New York, NY: Routledge; Flint, C., Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Geographic Research Questions and Agendas (2003) The Professional Geographer, 55 (2), pp. 161-169; Flint, Colin, Netwar, the Modern Geopolitical Imagination, and the Death of the Civilian, in M. Innes, ed., Denial of Sanctuary: Understanding Terrorist Safe Havens. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2007, 34-48; Flint, C., Falah, G.-W., How the United States Justified Its War on Terrorism: Prime Morality and the Construction of a 'Just War' (2004) Third World Quarterly, 25 (8), pp. 1379-1399; Flint, C., Taylor, P.J., (2007) Political Geography: World-Economy, Nation-State, and Locality, , fifth ed. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited; Gregory, D., (2004) The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq, , Oxford, UK: Blackwell; Grenfell, D., James, P., Debating Insecurity in A Globalizing World (2009) Rethinking Insecurity, War, and Violence: Beyond Savage Globalization? Abingdon, UK and New York, , D. Grenfell and P. James, eds, NY: Routledge, in press; Gurr, T.R., (1971) Why Men Rebel, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Hannah, M., Torture and the Ticking Bomb: The War on Terrorism as a Geographical Imagination of Power/Knowledge (2006) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96 (3), pp. 622-640; Harbom, L., Melander, E., Wallensteen, P., Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946-2007 (2008) Journal of Peace Research, 45 (5), pp. 697-710; Hoffman, B., (1999) Inside Terrorism: From the Iran Hostage Crisis to the World Trade Center Bombing, , New York, NY: Columbia University Press; Holsti, K.J., (1991) Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648-1989, , New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; Joseph, M., Srivasatava, D., Left Extremism: The Naxal Conflict in India (2008) Armed Conflict in South Asia 2008: Growing Violence, , D. Suba Chandran and P. R. Chari, eds, New Delhi, India and London, UK: Routledge; Johnston, R.J., O'Loughlin, J., Taylor, P.J., The Geography of Violence and Premature Death (1987) The Quest for Peace, pp. 241-259. , Rumo Väyrynen, Dieter Senghaas, and Christain Schmidt, eds, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage and the International Social Science Council; Juergensmeyer, M., Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence (2003) Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles, , CA: University of California Press; Krueger, A.B., Laitin, D.D., Kto Kogo? A Cross-Country Study of the Origins and Targets of Terrorism (2008) Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness, pp. 149-173. , P. Keefer and N. Loayza, eds, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; Krueger, A.B., Malečková, J., Does Poverty Cause Terrorism?: The Economics and Education of Suicide Bombers (2002) The New Republic, 226, pp. 27-33; Laquer, W., (1987) The Age of Terrorism, , Boston, MA: Little, Brown; Laquer, W., A History of Terrorism (2001) New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books; Mathewson, K., Steinberg, M., Drug Production, Commerce, and Terrorism (2003) The Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism, pp. 59-66. , Susan L. Cutter, Douglas B. Richardson, and Thomas J. Wilbanks, eds, New York, NY: Routledge; Mosse, G.L., (1975) The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars Through the Third Reich, , New York, NY: Howard Fertig; Murphy, A.B., The Space of Terror (2003) The Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism, pp. 47-52. , Susan L. Cutter, Douglas B. Richardson and Thomas J. Wilbanks, eds, New York, NY: Routledge; O'Loughlin, John and Herman van der Wusten, Political Geography of War and Peace, in Peter J. Taylor, ed., Political Geography of the Twentieth Century: A Global Analysis. London, UK: Belhaven, 1993, 63-114; Piazza, J.A., Rooted in Poverty?: Terrorism, Poor Economic Development, and Social Cleavages (2006) Terrorism and Political Violence, 18 (1), pp. 159-177; Post, J., (2001) Congressional Testimony: The Mind of the Terrorist: Individual and Group Psychology of Terrorist Behavior, , http://crab.rutgers.edu/~goertzel/PostTerrorism.htm; RAND-MIPT/START, RAND-MIPT Terrorism Incident Database/START Global Terrorism Database, 2008 [http://www.start.umd.edu/]; Rapoport, David C., The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism, in Audrey Cronin and J. Ludes, eds., Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2004, 46-73; Said, E., (1978) Orientalism, , New York, NY: Vintage Books; Schmid, A.P., Jongman, A.J., Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature (1988) New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books; Silke, A., The Devil You Know: Continuing Problems with Research on Terrorism (2001) Terrorism and Political Violence, 13 (2), pp. 1-14; (2002) Terrorism: Perspectives from the Behavioral and Social Sciences, , Smelser, Neil J. and Faith Mitchell, eds, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; Synder, D., Kick, E.L., Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth, 1955-1970: A Multiple-Network Analysis of Transactional Interactions (1979) American Journal of Sociology, 84 (5), pp. 1096-1126; Tilly, C., (1990) Coercion, Capital, and the European States, AD 990-1990, , Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Turk, A.T., Sociology of Terrorism (2004) Annual Review of Sociology, 30, pp. 271-286; (2004) A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, , UN United Nations, Executive Summary. New York, NY: United Nations Press; Annual volumes of the Human Development Report, , http://hdr.undp.org/eu, UNDP United Nations Development Programme, 1998-2006; van der Wusten, Herman, Violence, Development, and Political Order, in Colin Flint, ed., The Geography of War and Peace: From Death Camps to Diplomats. Oxford, UK and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005, 61-84; Victoroff, J., Managing Terror: The Devilish Traverse from a Theory to a Plan (2007) Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism, pp. 1-19. , Jeff Victoroff, ed, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press},
correspondence_address1={Flint, C.; Department of Geography, 607 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; email: flint@illinois.edu},
issn={15387216},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eurasian Geogr. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sweeney200956,
author={Sweeney, J.},
title={A stress test for the OECD?},
journal={OECD Observer},
year={2009},
number={273},
pages={56-57},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-69949105389&partnerID=40&md5=288b13526c00b6e97a8b720b217f9322},
affiliation={AFL-CIO, United States; American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations, United States},
abstract={John Sweeney discusses how the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) needs to study its own history as an organization to bail out countries of the current economic crisis. John asserts that at the OECD meeting, the organization will be staring at the beginning of a new phase of history and that it cannot fall back on narrow interpretation of Keynesian policies created for a much simpler period. It cannot at the same time ignore the lack of effective global economic management and the excesses of free markets. John believes that OECD needs to understand and react to the reasons behind present crisis just like founders of the post-war economy understood and reacted to the causes of Global Depression and World Ward. The OECD is well-established to guide the process of engaging governments on the global crisis.},
keywords={economic development;  financial crisis;  global economy;  Keynesian theory;  OECD;  post-war;  stress;  testing method},
correspondence_address1={Sweeney, J.; American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial OrganizationsUnited States},
issn={00297054},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={OECD Obs.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Boorman2009127,
author={Boorman, J.},
title={The Current Financial Crisis: Its Origins, Its Impact, and the Needed Policy Response},
journal={Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies},
year={2009},
volume={1},
number={2},
pages={127-135},
doi={10.1177/097491010900100202},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957747445&doi=10.1177%2f097491010900100202&partnerID=40&md5=30a53baf1e77415449b13c7fe90d00f9},
affiliation={Policy Development and Review Department, IMF, United States},
abstract={It is now clear that the global economy is facing the worst economic and financial crisis since the Second World War. The crisis manifested itself initially in the subprime mortgage market in the US, but quickly spread to Europe; in the breakdown in the market for credit default swaps—a huge, unregulated and thoroughly opaque market; and in the general collapse of the markets for securitised instruments across the global financial system. It was aggravated, most analysts agree, by the initial policy missteps in handling the crisis, including in dealing with the problems at Lehman Brothers, which effectively froze the interbank market. This article discusses the origins, its impact as well as its policy implications of these developments. The article postulates that there were three basic root causes of the crisis: (a) the ‘search for yield’ and a weakening of—and lack of understanding of—risk management during the expansion phase of the credit cycle from 2002 to 2006; (b) the international fragmentation and lack of harmonisation of financial supervision and regulation in the face of rapid innovation in the financial markets—a phenomenon that gave rise to regulatory arbitrage by the global financial institutions; and (c) weaknesses in certain aspects of surveillance conducted by the IMF. It goes on to describe the unprecedented monetary and fiscal measures taken by the major countries since September 2008 to contain the crisis. It further lists the remaining policy agenda, including the reform of the global financial architecture and the author's views on how to move forward. © 2009, SAGE Publications Ltd.},
references={Boorman, J., Global Imbalances and Capital Flows to Emerging Market Countries (2006) Emerging Markets Forum, , Washington, D.C},
correspondence_address1={Boorman, J.; Policy Development and Review Department, United States},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={09749101},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global J. Emerg. Market Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Estevadeordal20091,
author={Estevadeordal, A. and Suominen, K.},
title={The Sovereign Remedy?: Trade Agreements in a Globalizing World},
journal={The Sovereign Remedy?: Trade Agreements in a Globalizing World},
year={2009},
pages={1-288},
doi={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199550159.001.0001},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954882136&doi=10.1093%2facprof%3aoso%2f9780199550159.001.0001&partnerID=40&md5=67c2ca24ea015205c8bcdb25e43595e3},
abstract={Preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) have arisen to become one of the most important phenomena in today's global economy. The number of PTAs notified to the World Trade Organization (WTO) surged to 200 by the end of 2007, and will soar to 400 by 2010. The wave of enthusiasm for PTAs has swept throughout the world. Some one-half of global trade is carried among partners to a trade agreement; for some countries that have formed PTAs with the main trading powers, the bulk of foreign trade flows with their trade agreement partners. The content of PTAs has become more complex and encompassing. Most agreements have advanced beyond market access for goods to so-called 'behind-the-border' issues, such as investment, intellectual property rights, competition policy, and government procurement. Sub-regional pacts have taken collaboration even further to issues ranging from macroeconomic cooperation and labor mobility to coordination of positions in multilateral trade negotiations. Why do countries keep forming PTAs? What are the most constructive ways to harness the good and pre-empt the bad of the rapidly growing trade agreement network? Can PTAs be the 'Sovereign Remedy' that will fuel economic exchanges and perpetuate peace, as Winston Churchill surmised at the dawn of the post-war era? The purpose of this book is to open avenues to answering these questions. The book is about the systemic issues surrounding PTAs - the contours, characteristics, and implications of the now global web, or 'spaghetti bowl', of PTAs. It examines PTAs in a historical context, maps out their key contents, analyzes their effects, and proposes ways to make more of them for the benefit of global free trade and welfare. The main argument is that in the presence of right designs and sound accompanying domestic, regional, and multilateral policies, PTAs can be conducive to global trade, further the development of multilateral trade rules, cut costs for global companies, and engender international cooperation in non-trade policy areas. © A. Estevadeordal and K. Suominen 2009. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Investment;  Multilateralism;  Preferential trading arrangements;  Regional integration;  Rules of origin;  Services;  Tariffs;  Trade;  WTO},
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correspondence_address1={Estevadeordal, A.},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780191720253; 9780199550159},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Sover. Rem.?: Trade Agreements in a Glob. World},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chitiba2009130,
author={Chitiba, C.-A. and Oluru, O.-L.},
title={Where is going the world economy?},
journal={Metalurgia International},
year={2009},
volume={14},
number={SPEC. ISS. 7},
pages={130-134},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64649088051&partnerID=40&md5=92e0062961f93d875de442422efd6081},
affiliation={Christian University Dimitrie Cantemir, Bucharest, Romania; International Economic Relations Faculty},
abstract={In accordance with the last projections drawn up in January this year by the specialists of the International Monetary Fund, the world economy is facing a deep downturn in 2009, global growth being expected to fall to 0.5%, its lowest rate since the World War II. Helped by continued efforts to ease credit strains as well as expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, the global economy is projected to experience a gradual recovery in 2010, with growth picking up to 3 percent. However, the outlook is highly uncertain, and the timing and pace of the recovery depend critically on strong policy actions. Reform of financial market supervision and regulation is clearly necessary to build a more resilient financial system. Here, the efforts need to focus on identifying the market imperfections that gave rise to the incentives for excess risk taking and high leverage, as well as the regulatory failures that together caused this unprecedented global financial crisis. The recent G20 meetings initiated an action plan and a process aiming to continue furthering multilateral coordination to overcome the immediate problems facing the global economy and to strengthen the international financial architecture over the medium term.},
author_keywords={Downturn;  Financial crisis;  Financial market;  Growth rate;  Monetary policies;  World economy},
references={Eurostat - Europe in Figures - Eurostat Yearbook, 2008; (2009), Eurostat, Statistics in Focus 17; New York - World Economic Outlook, , International Monetary Fund, 2008 Edition; (2009), International Monetary Fund, New York, World Economic Outlook Update, January; International Monetary Fund, New York - Global Financial Stability Report - Market Update January 2009; (2008), OECD, Economic Outlook 84; Geneva - World Trade Report, , World Trade Organization WTO, 2008 Edition},
correspondence_address1={Chitiba, C.-A.; Christian University Dimitrie Cantemir, Bucharest, Romania},
issn={15822214},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Metal. Int.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Barkan2009243,
author={Barkan, J.},
title={Use beyond value: Giorgio agamben and a critique of capitalism},
journal={Rethinking Marxism},
year={2009},
volume={21},
number={2},
pages={243-259},
doi={10.1080/08935690902743450},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950732907&doi=10.1080%2f08935690902743450&partnerID=40&md5=aff2e24edb0c6df9933612759a350d8a},
abstract={Interest in Giorgio Agamben’s work is related to concerns about law in the aftermath of September 11 and the global war on terror. This article redirects the critical engagement with Agamben by exploring his relevance for understanding the politics of inclusion and abandonment in capitalist economies. Taking accounts of abandonment in the global economy as a provocation, I offer a rereading of Agamben that makes visible the specificity of capitalism as a mode for establishing and transgressing the border between proper and abandoned lives. Such a reading is already operative in Agamben’s work, specifically in his engagement with Walter Benjamin and Guy Debord and his assertion that the exception has become the norm in spectacular societies. Recognizing this relationship requires qualification of Agam- ben’s claim of an originary link between sovereign power and bare life, and allows us to reconsider the usefulness of his thought for a critique of political economy. © 2009, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Giorgio agamben;  Nomos;  Police powers;  Spatial order;  Value},
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@BOOK{Ginty20091,
author={Ginty, R.M.},
title={Conflict and development},
journal={Conflict and Development},
year={2009},
pages={1-209},
doi={10.4324/9780203880005},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917459922&doi=10.4324%2f9780203880005&partnerID=40&md5=6f4f51216e78d183f61723e611b54942},
affiliation={School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom},
abstract={Over the past decade, a new awareness of the relationship between conflicts and development has grown. Developmental factors can act as a trigger for violence, as well as for ending violence and for triggering post-conflict reconstruction. This book explores the complexity of the links between violent conflict (usually civil wars) and development, under-development and uneven development. It emphasizes the connections between stable developed economies and civil wars in other parts of the world, and examines how structural factors (such as the organization of the global economy) virtually condemn some regions to conflict and under-development. This valuable introductory text explains, reviews and critically evaluates this complex relationship. It focuses on intra-state conflicts and complex political emergencies that combine transnational and internal characteristics. Attention is also given to inter-state conflicts. Chapters emphasize how the relationship between conflict and development traverses many scales (macro, meso and micro) and dimensions (economic, political and cultural). Furthermore it explains how different developmental challenges and opportunities emerge along the full life-cycle of conflict. Specifically, the role of poverty, state, market, civil society, globalization, humanitarian aid, refuges, gender and health within conflict dynamics are examined. The book also investigates specific developmental issues emerging during conflict management and post conflict reconstruction. Both authors have a background in conducting research in deeply divided societies, and argue that many of the processes connected with war and peace making deliberately write people out of the equation. This book attempts to 'write people in'. By drawing on contemporary theoretical debates and examining current policies and events, the text unpacks the difficult and complex aspects of the relationships between armed conflict and development and makes them accessible, interesting and policy relevant. It considers how peace making, peace building, and post-war reconstruction are usually more sustainable and successful if politicians, policy makers, entrepreneurs and those working for international NGOs take on board local opinion and capacity. Written in an accessible style, the book considers the main contemporary theories and arguments on conflict, development and the interactions between the two. The text is illuminated throughout with case studies drawn from Africa, the Balkans, Asia and the Middle East. © 2009 Roger Mac Ginty and Andrew Williams. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Ginty, R.M.; School of International Relations, University of St AndrewsUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Routledge},
isbn={0203880005; 9780203880005},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Confl. and Dev.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Boretos2009316,
author={Boretos, G.P.},
title={The future of the global economy},
journal={Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
year={2009},
volume={76},
number={3},
pages={316-326},
doi={10.1016/j.techfore.2008.06.003},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60649111469&doi=10.1016%2fj.techfore.2008.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=256631a04eea45fdcd6acbe1a8ad63c0},
affiliation={67 Dexamenis St., 14452, Metamorfosi, Athens, Greece},
abstract={Although world growth is continuous throughout history, the balance of power is constantly shifting from one nation to another. From Egypt to Ancient Greece and Rome, all the way through modern western civilization, different nations struggle for power through various ways such as: war, science and technology, arts, commerce, economical transactions, and other forms of interaction. In this article we use the assumption that global activity, as measured by real GDP, follows the well known s-curve of natural growth. Furthermore in order to model the relative power of specific regions, namely Western Countries, China and the rest of the world, we use the Logistic Substitution method developed by Nakicenovic and Marchetti. Estimates from the derived models are tested against actual data and linked to real historical events where appropriate. The bottom line of these forecasts is that World GDP will continue to rise in the next years, and will probably reach its peak growth by the end of the next decade. China's emergence as a superpower is verified and could have been predicted even as way back as 1985 by using the Logistic Substitution method. If the current trend persists it is expected to more than double its percentage contribution to the World's gross domestic product during the next two decades and exceed Western Countries' aggregated GDP by 2034 at a level of almost 40%. By the year 2024 though China's economy is expected to enter the substitution phase, as our world will most likely experience the emergence of a new "superpower" that will take its place, and once more will change the international landscape as we know it today. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={China;  Economic growth;  Economy forecasting;  European Union;  GDP;  Globalization;  Japan;  Logistic curve;  Logistic substitution;  Natural growth;  Power struggle;  Purchase power parity;  S-curve;  Seasons of growth;  USA;  USSR;  West;  World;  World history},
keywords={Aviation;  Electric load forecasting;  History;  Military operations, China;  Economic growth;  Economy forecasting;  European Union;  GDP;  Globalization;  Japan;  Logistic curve;  Logistic substitution;  Natural growth;  Power struggle;  Purchase power parity;  S-curve;  Seasons of growth;  USA;  USSR;  West;  World;  World history, Economics, economic growth;  estimation method;  global economy;  globalization;  Gross Domestic Product;  modeling;  superpower},
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(Ed), Times Books, Hammersmith 262-263,268-269; BROADCASTING, RADIO AND TELEVISION, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=203824, Retrieved 06:54, Jul 3, 2007, from; SPACE EXPLORATION, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=222803, Retrieved 07:14, Jul 3, 2007, from; JET PROPULSION, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=213203, Retrieved 07:17, Jul 3, 2007, from; COMPUTER, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=206234, Retrieved 07:29, Jul 3, 2007, from; ELECTRONICS, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=208389, Retrieved 07:31, Jul 3, 2007, from; The origins of mobile, Connected Earth, , http://www.connected-earth.com/Galleries/Frombuttonstobytes/Mobilecommunications/Theoriginsofmobile/index.htm; DNA, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=207706, Retrieved 01:24, Jul 4, 2007, from; PERSONAL COMPUTER, (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=219014, Retrieved 01:54, Jul 4, 2007, from; WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW), (2007) The History Channel website, , http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=226141, Retrieved 01:52, Jul 4, 2007, from; © GSM Association 1999 - 2007, http://www.gsmworld.com/about/history.shtml; (1993) The Times Atlas of World History. 4rth ed., pp. 290-291. , Barraclough G. (Ed), Times Books, Hammersmith; Member States of the European Union, http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/index_en.htm; Marchetti, C., Fifty-year pulsation in human affairs: analysis of some physical indicators (1986) Futures, 18 (3), pp. 376-388; Marchetti, C., (1985) Swings, Cycles and the Global Economy, 1454, pp. 11-15. , New Scientist; National Geographic, (2005) National Geographic Visual History of the World, pp. 416-417. , National Geographic Society, Washington D.C. 494-495},
correspondence_address1={Boretos, G.P.67 Dexamenis St., 14452, Metamorfosi, Athens, Greece; email: georgeboretos@yahoo.gr},
issn={00401625},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goswami2009219,
author={Goswami, R. and De, S.K. and Datta, B.},
title={Linguistic diversity and information poverty in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa},
journal={Universal Access in the Information Society},
year={2009},
volume={8},
number={3},
pages={219-238},
doi={10.1007/s10209-008-0139-7},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68349157254&doi=10.1007%2fs10209-008-0139-7&partnerID=40&md5=0c080c6aa04bf47bba1a84f3c418f5f7},
affiliation={Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India},
abstract={This communication starts with a fundamental question that drives the actions of most local and global policy-makers: out of two categories of people (not mutually exclusive), the 'have nots' and the 'know nots', which one is more difficult to eradicate (one may pose the question differently-solving which of these two problems is likely to solve the other). A lot of attention and resources have been deployed and are committed on the challenge of uplifting the 'have nots' to the section of bare minimum 'haves' category. A cause and effect study between these two sections of people essentially show a mutual dependency that eventually leads to a vicious cycle of poverty to information poverty to back again poverty which has historically been difficult to eradicate, and studies have often established education and access to timely information to be a long term sustainable remedy to both these perpetual problems. The role that the Internet can play in this background towards empowering the billions of impoverished across two of the most underdeveloped regions, namely South Asia (SA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), home to world's largest number of illiterates and poor people (70% or even more together) is immense. With anywhere, anytime accessibility of rich Internet content, aided by its falling prices and increased connectivity and easy to use features, to parts of rural and even to inaccessible remote areas, online content can effectively act as a low-cost feasible solution not only to provide basic education, but also to deliver meaningful information and content to the millions of primary-level educated people within the underprivileged sections of SA & SSA, thereby enabling them to integrate and exploit various socio-economic opportunities arising from growth in global economies. However, rich linguistic diversity, both in SA and SSA, poses a challenge to that opportunity. Content development to information access to literacy, all leading to socio-economic developments, do face additional difficulties arising from linguistic diversity for SA and SSA, regions already plagued with low level of content generation and access in local languages. A closer examination of the 'sea' of online content reveals that SA scores poorly in local language content development, whereas English is primarily used for Internet usage, though nearly 90% of people of India do not use English as a 2nd or 3rd languages. For SSA, a study reported here qualitatively examines whether linguistic diversity indeed has any negative correlations with gross national income and Internet penetration, and finds that they indeed are inversely related in 80% or more cases. One case-effort is also examined to develop local language content, critical to reap benefits from content for development for SA and SSA, in South Asia, but it was found to be inadequate in proportion to the severity and scale of the problem. It is alarmingly concluded that unless war-footing action is adopted to generate relevant local language content (or effectively supported by software like Google Translation) in the linguistically diverse backward regions of the world, much of the benefits that could have been derived from increased reach of freely available online content would be lost, causing an escalation of information poverty to the 'bottom of the pyramid' section of people in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},
author_keywords={Information poverty;  Informationin equality;  Linguistic diversity;  Medium of content and native language;  Online content;  South Asia;  Sub-Saharan Africa;  Utility of information},
keywords={Information poverty;  Informationin equality;  Linguistic diversity;  Medium of content and native language;  Online content;  South Asia;  Sub-Saharan Africa;  Utility of information, Economics;  Internet;  Query languages;  Simulated annealing, Linguistics},
references={Lyman, P., How Much Information, , http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/ how-much-info/internet.html; Roy, W., Data Powers of Ten, , http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info/ datapowers.html; Lloyd, S., Programming the Universe, , http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Universe-Quantum- Computer-Scientist/dp/1400040922; (2006) BusinessWeek: Using What You Know, , http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/ apr2006/tc20060421_26_260198.htm?campaign_id_id= hp_vi_views&campaign_cr_creative=Paul%20Horn, Accessed 21 Apr; South Asia had a per-capita GNI of $766 whreas Sub-Saharan Africa had it $842 in US dollars; and in PPP Sub-Saharan Africa had per-capita GNI of $2031 against that of $3443 for South Asia. Source: GNI per capita (2006) Atlas Method and PPP, , http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GNIPC.pdf, Accessed 30 Aug 2007; Pigato, M., (2001) Information and Communication Technology, Poverty, and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, , http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/decentralization/library1/pigato.pdf; Tenmost Linguistically Diverse Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa Sociolingo's Africa, , http://sociolingo.wordpress.com/2007/04/18/ ten-most-linguistically -diverse-countries-in-sub-saharan-africa/, Accessed 30 Aug 2007 Source of information is population figures - UNPD 2001; language information & GDI - Ethnologue 2000 CDROM; Internetworldstats.com: Africa Internet Usage and Population Statistics, , http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa, Accessed 28 Aug 2007; South Africa Alone Accounted for Almost One-third of All African Internet Connection in 2000, , http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1079109268.php, (for most Africans, Internet access is little more than a pipe dream.); http://labs.google.co.in/indic.html, Google indic on-screen key boards used on 23 August 2007 for Bengali and Hindi as authors were familiar with these two languages, other than English. Media coverage showed that the google indic on-screen key boards application itself was introduced in August 2007 helping user type keywords in Google search using local Indian languages even from an English-language keyboard; National Geography: Lesson Plans - African Language Diversity, , http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/ 18/g912/afrolanguage.html, The linguistic diversity of Africa is considered by some to be a problem for its people. Accessed 30 Aug 2007; Internetworldstats.com, , http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm, op.cit; Stephen, A., The Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger of Disappearing, , http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ ev.php-URL_ID_ID=13144& URL_DO_DO=DO_TO_TOPIC&URL_SE_SECTION=201.html ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_la_language; Yu, L., Understanding information inequality: Making sense of the literature of the information and digital divides (2006) J. Librarianship Inf. Sci., 38 (4), pp. 229-252. , http://lis.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/4/229; The Only Four Languages That Feature in Top Ten Languages Used in the Web, , http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm, and Internet statistics: distribution of languages on the Internet, chart of web content (millions of webpages by language). (http:// www.netz-tipp.de/languages.html, based on content categorization in different languages) which again includes Japanese, Chinese and Korean in top 11 languages as per pages available (2002); Forbes.com: China Surpasses US in Internet Use Dated 04.03.06, , http://www.forbes.com/2006/03/31/ china-internet-usage-cx_nw_nwp_04_0403china.html, The article talked about two different estimates - as per official. The China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) estimate it still lags when it comes to numbers of users. However as per another estimate by Dr. Zhang, Chairman and CEO of Sohu.com, in terms of Internet usage (and even in number), China may already be much ahead; One Billion Internet Users, , http://www.useit.com/alertbox/internet_growth.html; Definition Of: Surface Web Content on the Web That Is Found in Search Engine Results, , http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/ 0,2542,t=surface+Web&i=52273,00.asp, (Source:) whereas deep Web is defined as Content on the Web that is not found in most search engine results, because it is stored in a database rather than on HTML pages. Viewing such content is accomplished by going to the web site's search page and typing in specific queries. LexiBot was the first search engine to actually make individual queries to each searchable database that it finds. Deep Web also includes password-protected content on the Web available only to members and subscribers (Source); Internet Archive (IA): Wayback Machine, , http://www.archive.org/web/web.php, As per IA, 85 billion web-pages have been archived since 1996 and therefore does not include prior period pages as on 22 August 2007; WWW FAQs: How Many Websites Are There, , http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/misc/sizeofweb.html, Accessed 22 Aug 2007; Wikipedia on Google Search, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_search; Gulli, A., Signorini, A., The Indexable Web Is More Than 11.5 Billion Pages, , http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~asignori/ web-size/size-indexable-web.pdf, WWW 2005, May 10-14, 2005, Chiba, Japan. ACM 1-59593-051-5/05/0005; World Internet Usage Statistics, , http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm, Accessed 22 Aug 2007; Internet Growth 2000-2005, , http://www.internetworldstats.com/pr/edi008.htm, Accessed 22 Aug 2007; (1999) Challenges to the Network: Internet for Development, , International Telecommunications Union; Rushe, D., (2007) Online Encyclopedia Aims to Roll over Google Accesses from Today's Zaman' Dated, , http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/ detaylar.do?load=detay&link=121066, 2 September; http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias, Kist of Wikipedia showed a total of 8349480 articles as on 4 September 2007 against English language articles of 1987632. Accessed 4 Sept 2007; The Size of the World Wide Web, , http://www.pandia.com/sew/383-web-size.html, Accessed 22 Aug 2007; How much information? op.cit; Wang, G., Servaes, J., Goonasekera, A., The New Communications Landscape: Demystifying Media Globalization, pp. 1-18. , Routledge, London; Crystal, D., Language and the Internet Google Books, p. 3. , http://books.google.com/books?hl= en&lr=&id=cnhnO0AO45AC&oi=fnd&pg =PA3&dq=regional+content+internet+ language+development&ots=ajWVPyfxl -&sig=FIlXy0z8HeuJnd1rB1R6yGlmQsU; Most Widely Spoken Languages, , http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm, and 30 most widely spoken languages in the world (http:// www.krysstal.com/spoken.html) with world Internet statistics top languages; Top Ten Internet Languages, , http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm, Accessed 26 Oct 2008; As Per CIA World Factbook Entries on South Asia, , http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/ southasia/cuvl/Fact.html, However United Nations further includes Afghanistan and Iran within Southern Asia. http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/ m49regin.htm#asia. Certain other classifications of South Asia does further include Myanmar and Tibet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ South_Asia). We have excluded British Indian Ocean Territory from South Asia though logically (and as per UN), its part of South Asia. Accessed 29 Aug 2007; Carl, H., (2007) World Population Data Sheet, , http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/623HIVAIDS.aspx?p=1, (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau) accessed from Print World Population Highlights. 2006 estimation as per population aging in Sub-Saharan Africa - emographic dimensions 2006 (http://www.census.gov/ prod/2007pubs/p95-07-1.pdf) was given as nearly 753 million (2007); The Hunger Project - Frequently Asked Questions, , http://www.thp.org/faq.html, Accessed 30 Aug 2007; Internetworldstats.com, , op.cit; EFA Global Monitoring Report 2006 - Literacy for Life - Regional Overview - For South Asia, , http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001497/149783E.pdf, and for Sub-Saharan Africa. http://www.unesco.org/education/GMR2006/full/ africa_eng.pdf. Another study by Oyeyinka & Lal (part of UN University study) stated average adult literacy in SSA to be around 49% compared to 81% for other developing countries with similar enrollment ratios in schools (The Internet diffusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cross country analysis; (2007) India - Development Policy Review, , http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/ COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,, contentMDK:20980493~pagePK:146736~ piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html?cid=sarjune, The World Bank; Wagner, D.A., IT and education for the poorest of the poor: Constraints, possibilities and principles TechKnowLogia, p. 48. , http://www.techknowlogia.org/TKL_active_pages2/ CurrentArticles/main.asp? IssueNumber=12&FileType=PDF&ArticleID=304, July/August, 2001; International Telecommunication Union, , http://www.itu.int/wsis/index.html; Thas, A.M.K., (2005) Paddling in Circles While the Waters Rise: Gender Issues in ICTs and Poverty Reduction, , http://www.genderit.org/en/index.shtml?w=r&x=91782; McLuhan, M., Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 1964, , http://books.google.com/books?id=R2bqSaC5TlkC, in Google books; Koert, R.V., Providing Content and Facilitating Social Change: Electronic Media in Rural Development Based on Case Material from Peru in First Monday, , http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_2/ vankoert/index.html#author; http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/dp23/chapter_1.pdf, World Bank: World development indicators 2001 sourced from rural development and poverty in South Asia by Syed M. Naseem. Maldives and Bhutan not included, data is for 1999; (2007) Regional Factsheet from the World Development Indicators Sub-Saharan Africa, , http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/ Resources/ssa_wd_wdi.pdf, The World Bank; op.cit. Internetworldstats.org: The analysis also showed that Africa and Asia ranked lowest in Internet penetration, at 3.6 and 11.8% respectively. For SA and SSA - excluding South Africa, the penetration would be much lower than these figures as South Africa alone accounted for nearly one-third of African Internet penetration. For South Asia, in its two largest populous nations, India had the maximum Internet users with about 40 million, which is only (3.65%) of the population whereas Pakistan had about 12 million Internet users with a population penetration of 7.23%; IBM: The Net Trumps Television, , http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/08/22/ ibm-the-net-trumps-television/, The New York Times Accessed 22 Aug 2007; (1999), op.cit: How much information sourced from statistical abstract of the United States; Uimonen, P., (1997) The Internet As a Tool for Social Development Annual Conference of the Internet Society, INET, , http://www.isoc.org/isoc/whatis/conferences/ inet/97/proceedings/G4/G4_1._1.htm; Singh, P.M., Wight, C.A., Sercinoglu, O., Wilson, D.C., Boytsov, A., Raizada, M.N., Language preferences on websites and in Google searches for human health and food information (2007) J. Med. Internet Res., 9 (2), pp. e18. , http://www.jmir.org/2007/2/e18/, URL: >; Fink, C., Keeny, C.J., W(h)ither digital divide (2003) J. Policy Regul. Strateg. Telecommun., 5 (6), pp. 15-24; http://www1.worldbank.org/disted/glossary.html, Accessed 31 Aug 2007; Christopher, J.C., Peter, T.L., Read all about it! Understanding the role of media in economic development (2004) Kyklos, 57 (1), pp. 21-44. , http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/ 10.1111/j.0023-5962.2004.00241.x; Information and communication technology, poverty, and development in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia , p. 6. , op.cit:; Information and communication technology, poverty, and development in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia op.cit:; http://www.thefreedictionary.com/content, Accessed 29 Aug 2007; Shannon, C.E., A mathematical theory of communication (1948) Bell. Syst. Tech. J., 27, pp. 623-656. , 379-423 July, October; Britz, J.J., To know or not to know: A moral reflection on information poverty (2004) J. Inf. Sci., 30 (3), pp. 192-204. , http://jis.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/30/3/192; Wikipedia on Google Search, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_search, op.cit; Google Dodges Knowledge Management Question, , http://news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/ 0,1000000308,39255519,00.htm, ZDNet.co.uk Accessed 3 Mar 2006; Krippendorff, D.K., Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, , http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id= q657o3M3C8cC&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq =Definition+content&ots=bIgjw4H7xW&sig= QpEMQC6L-gpr5PhMZ9_nv_nvfHOozA, Google Books, 2nd edn; The Motley Fool: Google + CNN = Good for You, , http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2007/08/28/ google-cnn-good-for-you.aspx, Accessed 28 Aug 2007; Ten Most Linguistically Diverse Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, , op.cit:; Wikipedia, Languages of Pakistan, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan, Accessed 29 Aug 2007; The Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger of Disappearing, , op.cit; Wikipedia on Swahili Language, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_language; Is Number of Speakers Really So Important, , http://www.antimoon.com/forum/t8181-0.htm, Accessed 3 Sept 2007; Bangladesh_language, Culture, Customs, and Etiquette, , http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/ global-etiquette/bangladesh.html, Accessed 24 Aug 2007; Bengali Orientation, , http://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/ Bengali-Orientation.html, Accessed 24 Aug 2007; (1999) Most Widely Spoken Languages, Summer Institute for Linguistics (SIL) Ethnologue Survey, , http://www2.ignatius.edu/faculty/turner/languages.htm, Accessed 24 Aug 2007; Ethnologue Report for Language Code: Hin, , http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hin; Lazarus, W., Mora, F., (2000) Online Content for Low-income and Underserved Americans: The Digital Divide's New Frontier: A Strategic Audit of Activities and Opportunities, , http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_st_storage_01_01/ 0000019b/80/16/2a/3d.pdf, Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), US Department of Education; Rao, M., Struggling With the Digital Divide: Internet Infrastructure, Content, and Culture, , op.cit; Goswami, R., (2006) It's E-media, Stupid, , http://www.ohmynews.com/articleview/ article_vi_view.asp?at_co_code=374763; op.cit. netz-tipp-de; How much information? op.cit; Providing content and facilitating social change op.cit; (2004), Yaleglobal: Subcontinent raises its voice, it estimated a 350 million people within India to speak English; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ countries_by_by_En_English-speaking_po_population, Accessed 3rd Sept. It also had figures for other nations from SA and SSA; http://bn.globalvoicesonline.org/lingua-project/, Global Voices Lingua Project; Rao, M., (2000) Struggling With the Digital Divide: Internet Infrastructure, Content, and Culture, , https://www.isoc.org/oti/printversions/1000rao.html, On the internet, Isoc.org suggested amount of subnational content (about states, provinces and cities; and we followed cities in local language) as one of the seven measures to judge maturity of Internet content in a country},
correspondence_address1={Goswami, R.; Vinod Gupta School of Management, , Kharagpur 721302, India; email: Ranjit.goswami@gmail.com},
issn={16155289},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Univers. Access Inf. Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Coşar200919,
author={Coşar, N. and Demirci, S.},
title={Incorporation into the world economy: From railways to highways (1850-1950)},
journal={Middle Eastern Studies},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={19-31},
doi={10.1080/00263200802547636},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149468805&doi=10.1080%2f00263200802547636&partnerID=40&md5=ec50abce9b6a5f58a90763c8f6d10428},
abstract={The impact of globalization on the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey was first observed broadly in the railways of the transportation sector in the 1850s, and eventually shifted towards highways by the 1950s. This change profoundly affected the structure of the economy, ultimately leading to its integration into the global system. In this article, we look at three questions: what was the role of railways in the Ottoman Empire from the 1850s to 1914? What were the characteristics of modern Turkey's railway policies following the War of Independence? And, finally, how did transport policies shift from railways to highways following the Second World War? The Ottoman railway network held special importance for the Empire's economic integration into world markets. Foreign capital was invested in railways to provide crucial links between production areas and harbours with the goal of facilitating the export of raw materials and agricultural goods with the government's financial support. Until the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, the rail network was unbalanced and lines were unconnected, damaging both the economic unity and integration of the Ottoman economy. Forming a nation state on the basis of a national economy was the primary goal of Republican government. As such, all of the early Republican governments continued building and funding the rail network despite problems allocating sufficient financial resources and pressing needs for social (i.e. a lack of health and education services) and economic development. After the Second World War, following liberalization in economic and political life and an infusion of foreign aid (heavily invested in agriculture and road transportation networks), Turkey saw its economy grow. With this economic expansion, modern Turkey began to shift the focus of its transportation policies from railways to highways. As demand increased and highway investments skyrocketed, a highly developed road transport network began to take shape in Turkey, ultimately at the expense of the railway system.},
keywords={economic history;  economic integration;  global economy;  globalization;  Ottoman empire;  railway transport;  road transport;  transportation policy, Eurasia;  Turkey},
references={The Ottoman Empire was a multinational Empire covering a wide area from the Balkans, Thrace, North Africa, and the Middle East. In our study we will be focusing on Anatolia which constituted the main land for the new Republic since 1923; D. Quataert, 'The Age of Reform 1812-1914', in Halil Inalcik and D. Quataert (eds.), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914 (Cambridge, 1994), p.770; Maddison, A., (2001) The World Economy, A Millenial Perspective, p. 98. , Paris: OECD Publishing; Cameron, R.E., (1993) A Concise Economic History of the World, p. 204. , New York; Kasaba, R., (1988) The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy - the Nineteenth Century, p. 42. , New York; The commercial sector was the fastest growing sector in the economy. In fact, growth rates of the Ottoman economy stemmed from international trade. From 1830 to 1900 the total Ottoman international trade increased 4.2 times. The compound annual growth rates of the Ottoman trade in constant 1880 prices for exports and imports are respectively 5.3 and 6.4 in the periods 1839-41 and 1852-54, and 6.2 and 5.2 from 1857-60 to 1871-73. During the nineteenth century, the of trade increased eightfold in current prices in the Ottoman economy. Ş. Pamuk, Ottoman Foreign Trade in the 19th Century, Historical Statistics Series I (Ankara, 1995); For the Commercial Convention of 1838, see J.C. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East, I (Princeton, NJ, 1956), pp.110-11; The economic links including trade between local regions of the Ottoman Empire and various parts of Europe later came to be fundamentally different from the earlier links: I. Wallerstein, The Ottoman Empire and the Capitalist World Economy: Some Questions for Research, Social and Economic History of Turkey, 1071-1920, Papers presented to the First International Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey, eds. O. Okyar and H. Inalcik, 1980 Ankara, 1977; D.C. Blaisdell, European Financial Control in the Ottoman Empire (New York, 1929), p.19. Subsequent loans from the Western countries, mostly invested in financing the budget deficit, brought about bottlenecks in Ottoman finances in 1875. The Ottoman Empire was integrated into the world economy not only by trade, it also became a debtor by increasing debts and direct investments. According to Blaisdell, the rise of surplus capital in western Europe was a very important element affecting the Ottoman Empire of the nineteenth century. Since the railroads were built, financed and operated by foreign companies using foreign capital, that expanded dependency on the side of the Empire; See C. Issawi, The Economic History of Turkey 1800-1914 Chicago, 1980, p.146. Roads were important for a militaristic state and the Ottoman Empire had a network of roads and communication stations and systems. Determining the route and providing for the needs of the Ottoman army was one of the most important elements of the success of the state. There were special missions for providing the maintenance of the roads, bridges, etc. Peasants contributed to the mainentanence of the roads in some areas. There were also commercial routes for camel caravans. Camel and bull caravans in Anatolia travelled in the daytime, and there were guilds for camel and bull owners. Freight transportation was very difficult and the Ottoman economy required that products must be consumed locally. Any surplus in production could be marketable. After 1850 highpike roads started to be built in short distances and in the trade centres, i.e. the Aegean region. The Ottoman goverment issued a new chart conc; Quataert, The Age of Reform, p. 819; Karkar, Y.N., (1972) Railway Development in the Ottoman Empire:1856-1914, An Economic Interpretation, pp. 214-215. , New York; In 1857, the 130 km-long Izmir-Aydin railway project commenced and began operating in 1866. The Izmir-Aydin railway network was constructed on the caravan trade route. Railway lines extended to Aydin-Kuyucak in 1881, to Saraköy in 1882, to Dinar and Denizli in 1888 and to Tire and Ödemiş. In 1912 the Aydin network reached 610 km. In Figure 1, the Izmir-Aydin railway network shows one of the railway and trading webs of western Anatolia. The other railroad network in Western Anatolia was 704 km-long Izmir-Kasaba line; Kurmuş, O., (1982) Emperyalizmin Türkiyeye Girişi, p. 55. , Ankara; Quataert, The Age of Reform, p. 821; Karkar, Railway Development, p. 215; The length of the railway lines in the Ottoman Empire in 1870 was 557 km; it expanded 1,372 km in 1890 and investment in railways grew in the 1890s. At the end of the 1890s there were 2,623 km of railway lines. British companies had built 440 km, French companies 1,266 km and German companies 1,020 km between 1860 and 1898. On the eve of the First World War (1914), there were 6,309 km railroads in the Ottoman Empire and 3,940 km of it were owned by the foreign firms; Akyildiz, A., (2005) Demiryollari ve Deǧişme, Bati Anadolu, Anka'nin Sonbahari, p. 55. , Iletişim, s; A. Zarakolu, Memleketimizde Demiryolu Politikas, Aü Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, Nos.3-4 (1950, p.579. Railway constructions were realized by three five-year plans. Foreign technical and financial support was also important. Turkey borrowed $55 million from a Belgium firm, and DM65 million from a German group, both of which were used as medium-term equipment credit under the guarantee of the Ziraat Bank state bank, Following the 1929 World Economic Crises, long-term domestic bonds were used to finance railway construction. In the first years of the Republic, railway investments realized by foreign firms, later it was passed on to Turkish companies. East to west, north to south by the Ankara-Kayseri-Sivas-Erzurum line, Çetikaya-Malatya-Diyarbakir-Kurtalan line, and Malatya-Yolçati-Gençroutes. Second, combining the disconnected lines built by different European countries into a network of lines: Afyon-Karakuyu, Fevzi Paşa-Malaty; Tekeli, I., Ilkin, S., (2005) Cumhuriyetin Harci 3, p. 366. , Istanbul; Tekeli, I., Ilkin, S., , p. 438; According to M.W. Thornburg, Turkey: An Economic Appraisal (New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1949). 'There are 15,000 miles of roads in the country, Only 380 miles of these are surfaced with asphalt or stone, and 150 miles are treated with tar. Another 6,800 miles of road are surfaced with waterbound macadam and reputed to be in fair condition. The rest are badly deteriorated or unsurfaced and merely graded, with culverts and bridges.'; Hershlag, Z.Y., (1968) Turkey: The Challenge of Growth, p. 235. , 2nd edn Leiden; At the beginning of the twentieth century, railways entered a slow decline owing to a lack of investment and changes in transport technologies. The increasing importance of the auotomotive industry emphasized highways and road transportation, which inevitably led to the decreasing importance of railways and related industries since the second decade of the twentieth century. As to the status of the roads, the 1920s was a decade of rapid progress in the automative industry and trucks and truck transport in the world. With respect to rapid changes in the automative industry, road transportation was expanding all over the world. The number of passenger cars in western Europe rose from 300,000 to nearly 6 million in 1950, and from 1.1 million to 40 million in the United States. There was a parallel transformation of roads in freight transport and tractors had a significant impact in replacing horses in agriculture; Tekeli, I., Ilkin, S., Türkiye'de Demiryolu Öncelikli Ulaşim Politikasindan Karayollari Öncelikli Ulaşim Politikasina Geçiş Cumhuriyetin Harci, 3, p. 411; The USA had 80 per cent of the automative industry and controlled the international order according to the needs of its economy by creating new demands and shaping new markets all over the world; (1951) The Economy of Turkey, pp. 121-138. , IBRD, Washington, DC; The government saw the necessity of improving the quality of the roads and passed the new law allowing the development of roads and road transport in 1925. In 1929, a new law concerning the roads and bridges came into effect dividing the roads into two categories: National roads (2,300 km) and provincial roads 2,500 km, According to this classification there were 2,300 km national roads and 2,500 km provincial roads. The length of roads rose to 41,582 in 1940, even though most of them were dirt roads; between 1923 and 1940 the average road construction was 1,300 km per year and the money spent on it was TL137,405,000. As for railways, for the same period TL294,100,000 was spent and 3,277 km of railway was built. This was approximately equal to 200 km railway a year. Tekeli and Ilkin, Türkiye'de Demiryolu, p.382; Zarakolu, Memleketimizde Demiryolu Politikasi, p. 573; For developing road system in Turkey, two engineers went to the USA in order to investigate the US road system, they met Hilts there and invited him to Turkey for the road programme. Turkey accepted Hilts' propositions and road programme; See F. Schippers, 'Changing the Face of Europe, European Road Mobility during the Marshall Plan Years', The Journal of Transport History, 28, No.2 (2007), pp.212-28. To execute the road programme the State Department signed a memorandumof understanding with the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) in late 1947. BPR provided highway engineering specialists and co-ordinated a training programme for Turkish engineers in order to establish a long-range highway improvement programme and undertake construction and maintenance; With the road project, passable roads were extended and priority was given to connect the villages to towns, towns to cities and markets to agricultural production spheres. In order to provide education and health services to the farthest regions of the country, first priority was reachable roads. From 1948 to 1957 total surfaced roads went up to from 14,961 km to 21,266 km. In state highways stabilized road was 430 km in 1948 rise to 15,698 km in 1957, asphalt roads increased from 816 km to 4,123 km. Dirt roads and stone block and stone crushed roads decreased. In this period, total length of the roads went up from 22,826 km to 24,624 km, but quality of the roads improved. In provincial highways earth roads and stabilized roads had the largest share. Provincial highways measured 21,360 km in 1948 and went up to 32,874 km in 1957. In 1960, there were 26,711 km state highways, 34,831 km provincial highways in Turkey. In 1990s, there were 31,149 state and 27,960 provincial highways. The; Tekeli and Ilkin, 'Türkiye'de Demiryolu Öncelikli Ulaşim', p.403; Sezgin, O., (1979) Kalkinma Acş isindan Ulaştirma Sektörü ve Türkiye Yönünden Deǧerlendirme, p. 141. , PhD thesis, Istanbul University; Schippers, Changing the Face of Europe, p. 221; Erel, A., Yüksel, H., Travel Demand Management (1998) Dördüncü Ulaştirma Kongresi, pp. 13-37; Turkey has a very high rate of motor vehicle accidents and fatalities. Road accidents increased from 7,493 in 1955 to 115,295 in 1990. Road transportation causes congestion; furthermore it is source of pollution and environmental degradation. The expansion of road infrastructure investments affected the urbanization rates also. It was 25 per cent in 1950 went up to 31.9 per cent in 1960, 43 per cent in 1980 and 53 per cent in 1985. Roads had positive effects on destination times: I.e. in 1950 destination to Istanbul from Ankara was 18 hours, now in 6 hours, to Erzurum (east) it was 50 hours, now it is 9 hours},
issn={00263206},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Middle East. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Sola20091,
author={Sola, N.F. and Smith, M.},
title={Introduction: Perceptions and policy in transatlantic relations},
journal={Perceptions and Policy in Transatlantic Relations: Prospective Visions from the US and Europe},
year={2009},
pages={1-4},
doi={10.4324/9780203891698-8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121563351&doi=10.4324%2f9780203891698-8&partnerID=40&md5=db82f1ceef8ee5d59cd3f94d66a2cbde},
affiliation={University of Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Politics, International Relations and European Studies, Loughborough University, United Kingdom},
abstract={During the period of the George W. Bush presidencies, there has been continuous debate about the development of European-American relations and about the future of the Atlantic alliance. Much of this debate has been centred on the different perceptions of and dispositions towards security that can be discerned on the two sides of the Atlantic; thus we have seen the apparent opposition of ‘Mars and Venus’ and the often vicious transatlantic exchanges linked to successive crises, especially that over the decision to invade Iraq in 2003. On the other hand, and despite differences over specific policy issues, there has been apparent continuity and commonality of interests in a series of major policy areas spanning not just security, but trade, investment, and the future of the global economy. How are we to square the circle of seeming opposition and apparent commonality of interests, in a way that enables us to analyse and evaluate not only the Bush years but the prospects for future transatlantic cooperation, especially but not only in security issues? This volume arises out of this question, and it proposes an approach based on perception and misperception as one way of extending our understanding of the Atlantic partnership. The conference at which the papers comprising this volume were originally presented took place in 2006; this marked the 30th anniversary of the publication of Robert Jervis’ classic work on perception and misperception, 1 which gave additional point to the attempt to understand the transatlantic relationship in the terms he proposes. The volume, therefore, brings together two strands: first, the analysis of perceptions and misperceptions in the world arena, and second, the desire to understand and evaluate the current transatlantic relationship and its possible future development. In this way, we propose, we can understand not only the operation of formal alliance, expressed especially through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), but also the less formal ways in which transatlantic partners learn about each other, frame expectations of behaviour, and shape their policy actions. This approach promises a number of analytical payoffs. First, it introduces into the study of alliance or partnership an approach that has historically been more often used to understand those involved in adversarial relationships. This dimension is clearly of potential significance to the views we form of crises within the ‘western alliance’, and of the ways in which those crises are managed by the participants. The approach based on perceptions and misperceptions does not eliminate the need for analysis of institutions and the evaluation of broader international structures, but it does promise to give us an additional insight into the kinds of processes that attend alliance politics, and which can in principle be evaluated by reference to what the alliance members thought they were doing in specific situations. Second, the approach takes us away from an analysis based solely on material interest and power, although of course it does not replace such an approach. It enables us to build into our appreciation of power and interests a sense of history through which we can assess the impact both of specific conjunctures and of the parallels or analogies mobilized by policy-makers - in other words, the impact of ‘lessons of the past’ and their application to the present and the future. This in turn links to the analysis of learning and adaptation by participants in the changing transatlantic relationship, and to the ways in which they shape their expectations of appropriate behaviour within it. As noted above, there has been extensive use of a perceptions/ misperceptions framework in dealing with these issues as they make themselves felt in adversarial relationships, but it is our contention that alliance relationships and those of partnership, as expressed in transatlantic relations, can be usefully studied through this framework. Both of the payoffs outlined above can be linked to a third: one that might broadly be described as the changing meaning of transatlantic relations. During the first decade of the twenty-first century, those relations have been put under enormous pressure, but we must remember that ‘terminal’ crises for the transatlantic relationship have been identified almost on a one-perdecade basis since the 1950s. What a perceptions/misperceptions approach promises is that we can place these crises and their outcomes into a framework dealing with the development of diverse - and often competing - meanings held by the participants. Not only this, but we can address an arguably more fundamental issue: the nature of security itself as perceived by the members of the ‘transatlantic community’. To understand this aspect of the relationship, we need to be aware of developments not only at the transatlantic level, but also within the broader global arena and within the domestic contexts of decision-making on both sides of the Atlantic. When we build these developments at various levels into our analysis of perceptions and misperceptions, such an analysis is enriched with a heightened awareness of the constraints and opportunities perceived by policy-makers, and thus we are enabled to gain an understanding of the ways in which alliance tensions can be dealt with or exploited. The volume thus engages in a distinctive way with some of the key questions that have been raised by the turbulent years of the George W. Bush presidencies. Why have American policy-makers taken unilateral and apparently dismissive positions on the development of transatlantic relations? Why have European policy-makers been apparently incapable of developing consistent and collectively agreed policies towards the United States? Can the Bush years be taken apart from the broader development of the transatlantic relationship over the past 60 years? Are there really fundamentally different perceptions of power and security on the two sides of the Atlantic? How much might or might not change when the Bush years are gone and we are faced with a new President? How do US and European policy-makers respond - and how might they respond in the future - to key challenges such as those posed by a newly assertive Russia, or the persistent threat of global terrorism? The chapters that follow address all of these issues in a variety of ways. In line with the aims of the volume, we begin with the views of Robert Jervis himself on the ways in which theories of perception and misperception might help us to understand recent US foreign policy and transatlantic relations. This is followed by the ‘European’ view of Rubén Herrero de Castro, which focuses not only on the application of theories of perception and misperception, but also on the ways in which they can be applied to the policy clashes that have characterized recent transatlantic relations. In Chapter 4, Robert J. Lieber advances a robust argument about the ways in which transatlantic relations express enduring commonalities of interest and perception, but also notes a number of the enduring imbalances that characterize the ‘western alliance’. Michael Smith, in Chapter 5, sets out to explore the ways in which theories of perception and misperception can be used to understand the historical evolution of transatlantic relations in the light of broader international relations approaches, and suggests that these ways can be extended to explore notions of alliance learning and institutionalization. In Chapter 6, Natividad Fernández Sola explores the specific issue of the European collective presence within transatlantic relations, and asks whether current and recent tensions have led to the empowerment of the European Union as a major participant in the relationship. In Chapter 7, David García Cantalapiedra presents a detailed study of the ways in which ideas of perception and misperception can be related to problems of security and to the kinds of ‘alliance security dilemmas’ that emerge from the pursuit of alliance in a rapidly changing global arena. Carla Monteleone, in Chapter 8, takes the analysis further by focusing on the broader social foundations of transatlantic relations and relating these to processes of change in international structure and domestic interests - a key dimension in the social context of policy-maker perceptions. The two final chapters in the volume, by Carlos Echevarria Jesús (Chapter 9) and Alex Marshall (Chapter 10), focus on two key current policy issues: the ‘war on terror’ and responses to change in Russia. They note important disparities of perception between European and US policy-makers, and argue for the need for the reappraisal of policies and institutions in the light of changing contexts. The result of these several and different ‘cuts’ at the problem of perceptions and policy in transatlantic relations is perhaps a sharper set of questions for further research and analysis, rather than a definitive set of answers to the key questions set out earlier in this Introduction. It does appear that transatlantic relations can be explored through the lens of perception and misperception, and that this gives a new perspective on the evolution and functioning of the ‘western alliance’. This general conclusion gives rise to a number of more specific conclusions: that history does matter in transatlantic relations; that policy-makers can not escape easily from the structural and material constraints within which they work; that divergent perceptions in key policy areas can coexist with strong underlying perceptions of common interest; that self-perception on the part of the Europeans and the Americans is a key element to a richer understanding of the ways in which transatlantic relations work; that the nature of power, security, society, and global change are important in shaping perceptions within the transatlantic relationship; and that dealing with specific challenges to transatlantic solidarity will remain a key dimension of the relationship for the foreseeable future. It is our contention that long-established theories of perception and misperception can thus be applied with fresh impact and insight to this most enduring yet turbulent partnership. © 2009 Natividad Fernández Sola and Michael Smith for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors, their contributions.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134051007; 9780415454872},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Perceptions and Policy in Transatlantic Relations: Prospective Visions from the US and Europe},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kirshner2009151,
author={Kirshner, O.},
title={Going global: The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1945},
journal={Policy and Politics},
year={2009},
volume={37},
number={1},
pages={151-176},
doi={10.1332/030557309X397973},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114653199&doi=10.1332%2f030557309X397973&partnerID=40&md5=6dd1fe997113c3750494f9f900762420},
affiliation={Department of American Government and Politics, Soka University of America, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States},
abstract={The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA) of 1945 revolutionized U.S. trade policy and global economic order. Based upon a new conception of the United States' national trade interest and role in world economic affairs, the RTAA of 1945 initiated the nation's postwar drive to construct an open world trading system. Yet despite its epoch-making character, the history of this statute has not been subjected to sustained analysis. Building upon the three dominant political science explanations for U.S. trade politics and policy formation - system, society, and state - this study traces the origins of the RTAA of 1945 to the impact of World War II on the formulation and enactment of this statute at the domestic level. It argues that it is impossible to explain the genesis of the RTAA of 1945 absent a consideration of the influence of World War II on the pattern of domestic politics that produced it. © The Policy Studies Organization. All rights reserved.},
keywords={civil war;  global economy;  national politics;  policy making;  trade agreement;  trade policy, United States},
references={ACHESON, DEAN. 1969. Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New York: W. W. Norton & Company; ARNDT, H.W., (1944) The Economic Lessons of the Nineteen-Thirties, , London: Oxford University Press; BAUER, R.A., DE, I., POOL, S., ANTHONY DEXTER, L., (1963) American Business & Public Policy: The Politics of Foreign Trade, , Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, Inc; BEASLEY, W.G., (1987) Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, , New York: Oxford University Press; CARR, E.H., (1946) The Twenty Years' Crisis: 1919-39, , New York: Harper Collins; COLLINS, R.M., (1981) The Business Response to Keynes, 1929-64, , New York: Columbia University Press; Legislative Program for Renewal and Expansion of Trade Agreements Authority and for Multilateral Negotiations, February 6 (1945) National Archives, International Trade Files, Box, 101. , COMMITTEE ON TRADE AGREEMENTS AND COMMITTEE ON TRADE BARRIERS, Trade Barriers Minutes; COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS. 1945a. U.S. House of Representatives, 79th Cong., 1st sess. on H.R. 2652, superseded by cH.R. 3240. 1945 Extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act: Hearings before the Committee on Ways and Means; -, 1945b. 79th cong., 1st sess. Foreign Trade Agreements, Report from the Committee on Ways and Means to Accompany H.R. 3240; CONGRESSIONAL, Q., Extension of Reciprocal Trade Agreements (1945) Congressional Quarterly Annual Report, pp. 305-317. , Washington, DC: CQ Press; (1946) The War and Peace Studies of the Council on Foreign Relations, , COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, New York: Council on Foreign Relations; DESTLER, I.M., (1986) American Trade Politics: System under Stress, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; DESTLER, I.M., ODELL, J.S., (1987) Anti-Protection: Changing Forces in United States Trade Politics, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; (1941) Economic War Aims: General Considerations, Memorandum E-B 32, , ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL GROUP, New York: Council on Foreign Relations; (1941) Economic War Aims: Main Lines of Approach, Memorandum E-B 36, , New York: Council on Foreign Relations; (1942) International Control of Trade Policies, Memorandum E-B 55, , New York: Council on Foreign Relations; (1942) Possible Revisions of the Trade Agreements Act, Memorandum E-B 57, , New York: Council on Foreign Relations; (1945) Coupling Economic Adaptation with Trade Policy, Memorandum E-B 76, , New York: Council on Foreign Relations; EICHENGREEN, BARRY, and DOUGLAS A. IRWIN. 1995. Trade Blocs, Currency Blocs and the Reorientation of World Trade in the 1930s. Journal of International Economics 38 (February): 1-24; Legislative Program on Trade Barriers, February 8 (1945) National Archives, Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees, Box, 47. , EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC FOREIGN POLICY, ECEFP Docs; Objectives of a Legislative Program on Trade Barriers, March 2 (1945) National Archives, Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees, Box, 47. , ECEFP Docs; (1945) Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee on Economic Foreign Policy, March 9, , National Archives, Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees, Box 57, ECEFP Minutes; (1945) Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee on Economic Foreign Policy, March 16, , National Archives, Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees, Box 57, ECEFP Minutes; FOWLER, W.A., (1945) Legislative Program on Trade Barriers, February 8, , National Archives, Interdepartmental and Intradepartmental Committees, ECEFP DOCS, Box 47; FRIEDEN, JEFF. 1988. Sectoral Conflict and U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1914-40. In The State and American Foreign Economic Policy, edited by G. John Ikenberry, David A. Lake, and Michael Mastanduno. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 59-90; GOLDSTEIN, J., (1993) Ideas, Interests, and American Trade Policy, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; GOWA, J., (1994) Allies, Adversaries, and International Trade, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; HIRSCHMAN, A.O., (1981) National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade, , Berkeley: University of California Press; HISCOX, M.J., (2002) International Trade & Political Conflict: Commerce, Coalitions, and Mobility, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; HODY, C.A., (1996) The Politics of Trade: American Political Development and Foreign Economic Policy, , Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; HULL, C., National Foreign Trade Week (1944) Department of State Bulletin, 10 (256), p. 480; HULL, C., (1948) The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, 2. , New York: The Macmillan Company; KINDLEBERGER, C.P., (1986) The World in Depression, 1929-39, , Berkeley: the University of California Press; KRASNER, STEPHEN D. 1976. State Power and the Structure of International Trade. World Politics 28 (April): 317-347; LAKE, DAVID A. 1988. Power, Protection, and Free Trade: International Sources of U.S. Commercial Strategy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; MADDISON, A., (1995) Monitoring the World Economy, 1820-1992, , Paris: OECD; MILNER, H.V., (1988) Resisting Protectionism: Global Industries and the Politics of International Trade, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; NOTTER, H.A., (1949) Postwar Foreign Policy Preparation, 1939-45, , Washington, DC: GPO; O'HALLORAN, S., (1994) Politics, Process, and American Trade Policy, , Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press; PASTOR, ROBERT A. 1980. Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Economic Policy. Berkeley: University of California Press; PENROSE, E.F., (1953) Economic Planning for the Peace, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; POLANYI, K., (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, , Boston: Beacon Press; ROGOWSKI, R., (1989) Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; SCHATTSCHNEIDER, E.E., (1935) Politics, Pressures and the Tariff, , New York: Prentice Hall, Inc; SCHULZINGER, R.D., (1984) The Wise Men of Foreign Affairs: The History of the Council on Foreign Relations, , New York: Columbia University Press; SHOUP, L.H., WILLIAM, M., (1977) Imperial Brain Trust: The Council on Foreign Relations & United States Foreign Policy, , New York: Monthly Review Press; (1979) A History of Economic Analysis of the Great Depression in America, , and, eds, New York: Taylor and Francis, Inc; TAFT, ROBERT A. 1945. 1945 Extension of Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act. Hearings before the Committee on Ways and Means, Statement of the Senator. House of Representatives, 79th Cong., 1st sess. on H.R. 2652, Superseded by H.R. 3240; Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industrial Division: 1919 to 1949 (1950) 1949 Statistical Abstract of the United States, , U.S. CENSUS BUREAU, Washington, DC: GPO; National Income by Industrial Origin (1929) 1949 Statistical Abstract of the United States, , Washington, DC: GPO. 46; Agricultural Products Exported - Value, by Major Groups: 1921 to 1946 (1950) 1949 Statistical Abstract of the United States, , Washington, DC: GPO; Labor Force and Its Components (1900) Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970, , Washington, DC: GPO. 47; Jobs Attributable to Exports, by Industries (1948) Participation in International Trade Organization, , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Washington, DC: GPO; (1951) Foreign Trade of the United States, 1936-49, , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE, Washington, DC: GPO; U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1945. Message from the President of the United States urging Extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Program. 79th Cong., 1st sess., March 26. Document No. 124; WALA, M., (1994) The Council on Foreign Relations and American Foreign Policy in the Early Cold War, , Providence: Berghahn Books; WILCOX, C., (1949) A Charter for World Trade, , New York: The MacMillan Company},
correspondence_address1={Kirshner, O.; Department of American Government and Politics, , Aliso Viejo, CA, United States},
publisher={Policy Press},
issn={03055736},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Policy Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Hayter2009381,
author={Hayter, R.},
title={Resource Industries},
journal={International Encyclopedia of Human Geography},
year={2009},
pages={381-389},
doi={10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00224-8},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069613842&doi=10.1016%2fB978-008044910-4.00224-8&partnerID=40&md5=33777436fc15fd9eef407bcfd3e87d09},
affiliation={Simon Fraser University, Byrnaby, BC, Canada},
abstract={Resource industries comprise an extraordinary diversity of activities within the primary and primary manufacturing sectors that sustain the global economy through localized and dispersed production chains. Resource industries are influenced by various economic, environmental, cultural, and political processes and are particularly distinguished by their embeddedness in nature and by patterns of exploitation (resource cycles) that deplete resources and threaten both industrial competitiveness and nature's 'nonindustrial values'. This article unravels the location dynamics of resource-based activities from a political economy or institutional perspective that privileges how resource exploitation is controlled and organized. To explore these location dynamics and impacts, the distinction between 'plantation' and 'entrepreneurial' models of resource exploitation is emphasized. The discussion notes how location based on cost-minimizing behavior, conceptually rooted in the entrepreneurial model, is modified by corporate strategies and geopolitics of the plantation model. Finally, within the context of resource cycles, the article discusses the vulnerabilities of resource industries and the resource peripheries they define. If mass production has been the dominating trajectory for resource industries, alternatives exist that need to be given more consideration. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Corporate strategy;  Cost minimizing;  Entrepreneurial model;  Geopolitics;  Green paradigm;  Location dynamics;  Plantation model;  Resource curse;  Resource cycles;  Resource exports;  Resource rights;  Resource wars},
references={Auty, R.M., (1995) Patterns of development: Resources, policy and economic growth, , Arnold, London; Auty, R.M., (2001) Resource abundance and economic development, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bakker, K., Neoliberalizing nature? Market environmentalism in water supply in England and Wales (2005) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95, pp. 542-565; Baldwin, R.E., Patterns of development in newly settled regions (1956) Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 24, pp. 161-179; Ballard, C., Banks, G., Resource wars: The anthropology of mining (2003) Annual Review of Anthropology, 32, pp. 287-313; Bradbury, J., Toward an alternative theory of resource-based town development in Canada (1979) Economic Geography, 55, pp. 147-166; Bradbury, J., Sendbuehler, M., Restructuring asbestos mining in Western Canada (1988) The Canadian Geographer, 42, pp. 129-144; Bradshaw, B., Questioning the credibility and capacity of community-based resource management (2003) The Canadian Geographer, 47, pp. 137-150; Bridge, G., Grounding globalization: The prospects and perils of linking economic processes of globalization to environmental outcomes (2002) Economic Geography, 78, pp. 361-386; Clapp, R.A., The resource cycle in forestry and fishing (1998) The Canadian Geographer, 42, pp. 129-144; Clapp, R.A., Wilderness ethics and political ecology; remapping the Great Bear rainforest (2005) Political Geography, 23, pp. 839-862; Crook, C., Clapp, R.A., Is market-oriented forest conservation a contradiction in terms? (1998) Environmental Conservation, 25, pp. 131-145; Edgington, D., Hayter, R., International trade, production chains and corporate strategies: Japan's timber trade with British Columbia (1997) Regional Studies, 31, pp. 149-164; Fleming, D., Costal steelworks in the Common Market (1967) Geographical Review, 576, pp. 48-72; Freeman, C., (1992) The economics of hope, , Pinter, London; Freundenburg, W.R., Addictive economies: Extractive industries and vulnerable localities in a changing world economy (1992) Rural Sociology, 57, pp. 305-332; Hanink, D.M., Resources (2000) A companion to economic geography, pp. 227-241. , Blackwell, Oxford, E. Sheppard, T.J. Barnes (Eds.); Hay, A., A simple location theory for mining (1976) Geography, 71, pp. 65-76; Hayter, R., "The war in the woods": Post-fordist restructuring, globalization and the contested remapping of British Columbia's forest economy (2003) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93, pp. 706-729; Hayter, R., Barnes, T., Bradshaw, M., Relocating resource peripheries to the core of economic geography's theorizing: Rationale and agenda (2003) Area, 35, pp. 15-23; Hayter, R., Le Heron, R.B., Industrialization, techno-economic paradigms and the environment (2002) Knowledge, industry and environment: Institutions and innovation in territorial perspective, pp. 11-30. , Ashgate, London, R. Hayter, R. Le Heron (Eds.); Hecht, S.B., Cockburn, A., (1989) The fate of the forest: Developers, destroyers and defenders of the amazon, , Verso, New York; Lahiri-Dutt, K., Informal coal mining in Eastern India: Evidence from the Raniganj Coalbelt (2003) Natural Resources Forum, 27, pp. 68-77; Le Billon, P., The political ecology of war: Natural resources and armed conflict (2001) Political Geography, 20, pp. 561-584; Leslie, D., Reimer, S., Situating design in the Canadian household furniture industry (2006) The Canadian Geographer, 50, pp. 319-341; McCarthy, J., Neoliberalism and the politics of alternatives: Community forestry in British Columbia and the United States (2006) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96, pp. 84-104; Odell, P.R., (1963) An economic geography of oil, , Bell, London; Polanyi, K., (1944) The great transformation, , Rinehart, New York; Parker, P., Canada-Japan coal trade: An alternative form of staple-production model (1995) The Canadian Geographer, 41, pp. 248-267; Patchell, J., Hayter, R., Japanese precious wood and the paradox of added value (1997) Geographical Review, 87, pp. 375-395; Peet, J.R., The spatial expansion of commercial agriculture in the nineteenth century; a Von Thünen interpretation (1969) Economic Geography, 45, pp. 282-301; Prudham, W.S., Downsizing nature: Managing risk and knowledge economies through production subcontracting in the Oregon logging sector (2002) Environment and Planning A, 34, pp. 145-166; Rees, K.G., Hayter, R., Flexible specialization, uncertainty and the firm: Enterprise strategies and structures in the wood remanufacturing industry of the Vancouver metropolitan area, British Columbia (1996) The Canadian Geographer, 40, pp. 203-219; Reiffenstein, T., Hayter, R., Domestic timber auctions and flexibly specialized forestry in Japan (2006) The Canadian Geographer, 50, pp. 503-525; Skúlason, J.B., Hayter, R., Industrial location as a bargain: Iceland and the aluminum multinationals (1998) Geografisca Annaler, B80, pp. 29-48; Storey, K., Fly-in/fly-out and fly-over: Mining and regional development in Western Australia (2001) Australian Geographer, 32, pp. 133-148; (2005) UNCTAD Handbook of statistics 2005, , UNCTAD, United Nations Publications, New York; Vernon, R., (1971) Sovereignty at bay: The multinational spread of US enterprises, , Basic Books, New York; Watkins, M., A staple theory of economic growth (1963) The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 29, pp. 141-148; http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35389/2000/natural-resources.html; http://www.fao.org; http://www.fao.org; http://comtrade.un.org/db/},
correspondence_address1={Hayter, R.; Simon Fraser UniversityCanada},
publisher={Elsevier Inc.},
isbn={9780080449104; 9780080449111},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Encycl. of Hum. Geogr.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Gramer2009287,
author={Gramer, R.U.},
title={From decartelization to reconcentration: The mixed legacy of American-Led Corporate reconstruction in Germany},
journal={The United States and Germany in the Era of the Cold War, 1945-1990: A Handbook: Volume 1: 1945-1968},
year={2009},
pages={287-292},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781139052436.034},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929278330&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781139052436.034&partnerID=40&md5=b102c7677589db0575984b044b15dc9a},
affiliation={Department of History, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States},
abstract={The liberalization of international trade and the creation of an open world economic order were principal objectives of U.S. foreign policy after 1945. A consistent but often overlooked facet of the American attempt to restructure the global economy was the demand for international control of private cartel agreements. Cartels are defined as “agreements between firms in the same branch of trade limiting the freedom of these firms in the production and marketing of their products.” Ranging in form from centralized purchasing and distribution organizations to informal gentlemen's agreements, cartels aim to restrict output, allocate market shares, and fix product prices. According to various estimates, on the eve of World War II, international cartels controlled 30 to 50 percent of world trade, and American businesses participated in 107 out of 179 international cartels. Even though cartels were especially pronounced in sectors such as raw materials, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and electrical equipment, they “reached into practically every branch of the modern economy.” The impetus for global decartelization after World War II originated in the American antitrust tradition and the New Deal. In the United States, corporate mergers had been the characteristic form of market regulation and economic concentration, in contrast to Britain and continental Europe, where industrial combinations traditionally had taken the form of syndicates and cartels. Although the Sherman Act of 1890 prohibited monopolization and collusion in restraint of trade, the Clayton Act of 1914 forbade price discrimination, tying contracts, and certain types of intercorporate concentration only in cases where anticompetitive or monopolistic effects could be demonstrated. © The German Historical Institute 2004 and Cambridge University Press, 2007.},
references={Taylor, G.D., Debate in the united states over the control of international cartels, 1942–1950 (1981) International History Review, 3, pp. 385-398; Mason, E.S., The future of international cartels (1944) Foreign Affairs, 22, pp. 604-615; Pribram, K., (1935) Cartel Problems: An Analysis of Collective Monopolies in Europe with American Application, , Washington, D.C; Machlup, F., The nature of the international cartel problem (1945) A Cartel Policy for the United Nations, pp. 1-24. , Corwin D. Edwards et al, New York; Hexner, E., (1945) International Cartels, , Chapel Hill, N.C; Rahl, J.A., International cartels and their regulation (1981) Competition in International Business: Law and Policy on Restrictive Practices, pp. 244-245. , Oscar Schachter and Robert Hellawell, eds., New York; Stocking, G.W., Watkins, M.W., Cartels or competition? (1948) The Economics of International Controls by Business and Government, pp. 68–98, 92. , New York; Sklar, M.J., (1988) The Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism, 1890–1916: The Market, The Law, and Politics, pp. 106, 154–66, 330–1, 381. , Cambridge, Mass; Keller, M., Regulation of large enterprise: Theunited states experience in comparative perspective (1980) Managerial Hierarchies: Comparative Perspectives on the Rise of Modern Industrial Enterprise, pp. 161-181. , Alfred D. Chandler Jr. and Herman Daems, eds, Cambridge; Jones, R.T., American anti-trust and eec competition law in comparative perspective (1974) Law Quarterly Review, 90, 192p; Hofstadter, R., What happened to the antitrust movement? Notes on the evolution of an american creed (1964) The Business Establishment, pp. 114-151. , Earl F. Cheit, ed., New York; Hawley, E.W., (1966) The New Deal and the Problem of Monopoly: A Study in Economic Ambivalence, pp. 412, 421. , Princeton, N.J; Taylor, Control of International Cartels, 386p; Brown, W.A., (1950) The United States and the Restoration of World Trade: An Analysis and Appraisal of the ITO Charter and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, pp. 125–31, 222–6. , Washington, D.C; Rosenman, S.I., (1950) The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 13, pp. 255-259. , New York; Domeratzky, L., Cartels and the business crisis (1931) Foreign Affairs, 10, pp. 34–53, 37; Maier, C.S., The politics of productivity: Foundations of american international economic policy afterworldwar ii (1977) International Organization, 31, pp. 607-633; König, H., Kartelle und konzentration (1960) Die Konzentration in Der Wirtschaft, 1, 304p. , Helmut Arndt, Berlin; Schröter, H., Kartellierung und dekartellierung 1890–1990 (1994) Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial-Und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 81, pp. 457-483; Feldenkirchen, W., Concentration in german industry, 1870–1939 (1988) The Concentration Process in the Entrepreneurial Economy since the Late 19Th Century, pp. 118-119. , Hans Pohl, ed., Stuttgart; Berge, W., (1944) Cartels: Challenge to a Free World, , Washington, D.C; Borkin, J., Welsh, C.A., (1943) Germany's Master Plan: The Story of Industrial Offensive, , New York; Martin, J.S., (1950) All Honorable Men, , Boston; Berghahn, V.R., (1986) The Americanisation of West German Industry, 1945–1973, pp. 90–110, 283–304. , Leamington Spa; Taylor, G.D., The rise and fall of antitrust in occupied germany, 1945–1948 (1979) Prologue, 11, pp. 23-39; Gillen, J., (1953) Deconcentration and Decartelization in West Germany, 1945–1953, pp. 25-26; Schwartz, I.E., Antitrust legislation and policy in germany: A comparative study (1957) University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 105, pp. 643-648; Schulz, G., Die entflechtungsmassnahmen und ihre wirtschaftliche bedeutung (1985) Kartelle Und Kartellgesetzgebung in Praxis Und Rechtsprechung Vom 19. Jahrhundert Bis Zur Gegenwart, pp. 210-222. , Hans Pohl, ed., Stuttgart; Marburg, T.F., Government and business in germany: Public policy toward cartels (1964) Business History Review, 38, pp. 88-93; Robert, R., (1976) Konzentrationspolitik in Der Bundesrepublik: Das Beispiel Der Entstehung Des Gesetzes Gegen Wettbewerbsbeschr änkungen, pp. 102-343. , Berlin; Blum, R., (1969) Soziale Marktwirtschaft: Wirtschaftspolitik Zwischen Neoliberalismus Und Ordoliberalismus, pp. 38-142. , Tübingen; Hüttenberger, P., Wirtschaftsordnung und interessenpolitik in der kartellgesetzgebung der bundesrepublik (1976) Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 24, pp. 287-307; Nicholls, A.J., (1994) Freedom with Responsibility: The Social Market Economy in Germany, 1918–1963, pp. 325-338. , Oxford; Bock, H.K., Korsch, H., Kartellauflösung und konzernentflechtung in der westdeutschen wirtschaft seit 1945 (1957) Wirtschaft Und Wettbewerb, 7, pp. 411-437; Backer, J.H., (1971) Priming the German Economy: American Occupational Policies, 1945–1948, , Durham, N.C; Balabkins, N., (1964) Germany under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament, 1945–1948, , New Brunswick, N.J; Gimbel, J., (1968) The American Occupation of Germany: Politics and the Military, 1945–1949, , Stanford, Calif; Montgomery, J.D., (1957) Forced to Be Free: The Artificial Revolution in Germany and Japan, , (Chicago; Abelshauser, W., (1983) Wirtschaftsgeschichte Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1945–1980, , Frankfurt am Main; Djelic, M.-L., (1998), Exporting the American Model: The Postwar Transformation of European BusinessOxford; Rahl, J.A., International application of american antitrust laws: Issues and proposals (1980) Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 2, pp. 336–64, 353; Schröter, H.G., Cartelization and decartelization in europe, 1870–1995: Rise and decline of an economic institution (1996) Journal of European Economic History, 25, pp. 129-153; Gerber, D.J., Antitrust and the challenge of internationalization (1988) Chicago-Kent Law Review, 64, pp. 689-709; Jones, G., (1996) The Evolution of International Business: An Introduction, 52, 56p. , London; Adams, W., Brock, J.W., Revitalizing a structural antitrust policy (1994) Antitrust Bulletin, 39, pp. 235-271. , Spring; De Jong, H.W., Market structures in the european economic community (1988) The Structure of European Industry, pp. 4–5, 37–8. , Henk Wouter de Jong, 2d edDordrecht; Griffin, J.P., Ec and u.S. extraterritoriality: Activism and cooperation (1994) Antitrust in a Global Economy: Annual Proceedings of the Fordham Corporate Law Institute, pp. 43-78. , Barry E. Hawk, ed., New York; Hawk, B.E., Eec and u.S. competition policies –contrast and convergence (1980) Enterprise Law of the 80S: European and American Perspectives on Competition and Industrial Organization, pp. 39-62. , Frederick M. Rowe, Francis G. Jacobs, and Mark R. Joelson, eds., Luxembourg; Wilks, S., McGowan, L., Disarming the commission: The debate over a european cartel office (1995) Journal of Common Market Studies, 32, pp. 259-273; Fiebig, A., The german federal cartel office and the application of competition law in reunified germany (1993) University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Business Law, 14, pp. 373-407; Hossenfelder, S., Müller, M., Parlasca, S., Das kartellverbot und seine ausnahmen: Unternehmenskooperationen im spannungsfeld zwischen nationalem und europäischemwettbewerbsrecht (1996) Zeitschrift für Das Gesamte Handelsrecht Und Wirtschaftsrecht, 160, pp. 1-30; Hawk, B.E., The american (Anti-trust) revolution: Lessons for the eec? (1988) European Competition Law Review, 9, pp. 53-87},
correspondence_address1={Gramer, R.U.; Department of History, Temple UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139052436; 052179112X; 9780521791120},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The U.S. and Ger. in the Era of the Cold War, 1945-1990: A Handb.: Volume 1: 1945-1968},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Fink2009285,
author={Fink, C.},
title={The search for peace in the interwar period},
journal={The Cambridge History of War: War and the Modern World},
year={2009},
pages={285-309},
doi={10.1017/CHO9781139021203.015},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928053991&doi=10.1017%2fCHO9781139021203.015&partnerID=40&md5=1b85e67f59c80f81713e500567075d7a},
affiliation={Department of History, Ohio State University, United States},
abstract={War has not only escaped direction and control, it involves all civilization and its elimination is a question of practical politics. It wasn’t worth it. World War I ended on an ominous note, with divided victors, unrepentant losers, and a shattered global economy. After unprecedented military and civilian casualties and huge physical destructiveness – followed by brutal armed conflicts in eastern Europe, the Near East, and Northern Asia – history’s first total war came to an official end almost a decade after the shots in Sarajevo. Throughout the war anguished combatants and neutrals had made proposals to prevent future explosions of violence, and they expected a more peaceful world to emerge. The length, ferocity, and inconclusive outcome of World War I guaranteed, however, that the quest for a permanent peace would be arduous. Ultimately, it was also unsuccessful. There is now a scholarly consensus that its failure was due to the punitive peace treaties, the victors’ unwillingness or inability to enforce or revise these documents in the 1920s, and their craven surrender to aggressive states in the 1930s. Underlying this failure were the postwar national realities: Germany’s drive to regain world power, France’s futile efforts to maintain a costly victory, imperial Britain’s obsession with maintaining a power balance in Europe, the United States’ withdrawal from the obligations of treaty enforcement, the Soviet Union’s destabilizing influence, Fascist Italy’s adventurism, disunity in the new east-central and southern Europe, and the increasingly volatile non-western world. With a massive supply of diplomatic and political records, scholars have now examined the goals and methods of statesmen, private figures, and organizations that spoke in the name of peace but failed to forge a durable order. © Cambridge University Press 2012.},
references={Adam, M., (2004) The Versailles System and Central Europe, , Aldershot; Andrew, C., Kanya-Forstner, A.S., (1981) The Great War and the Climax of French Imperial Expansion, , London; Azcárate, P.D., (1945) The League of Nations and National Minorities: An Experiment, , New York; Barros, J., (1969) Betrayal from Within: Joseph Avenol, Secretary General of the League of Nations, 1933–1940, , New Haven; Barros, J., (1979) Office without Power: Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond, 1919–1933, , Oxford; Birn, D.S., (1981) The League of Nations Union, 1918–1945, , Oxford; Boemeke, M.F., Feldman, G.D., Glaser, E., (1998) The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years, , New York; Boyce, R., (2009) The Great Interwar Crisis and the Collapse of Globalization, , Basingstoke; Boyce, R., Robertson, E.M., (1989) Paths to War: New Essays on the Origins of the Second World War, , Basingstoke; Callahan, M.D., (1999) Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa, 1914–1931, , Brighton and Portland; Ceadel, M., (1980) Pacifism in Britain, 1914–1945: The Defining of a Faith, , Oxford; Churchill, W.S., (1948) The Gathering Storm, , Boston; Dockrill, M.L., Fisher, J., (2001) The Paris Peace Conference, 1919: Peace without Victory?, , New York; Dunn, S., Fraser, T.G., (1996) Europe and Ethnicity: World War I and Contemporary Ethnic Conflict, , London and New York; Fischer, C., Sharp, A., (2008) After the Versailles Treaty: Enforcement, Compliance, Contested Identities, , London; Fromkin, D., (2001) A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of The Ottoman Empire and The Creation of The Modern Middle East, , New York; Gökay, B., (1997) A Clash of Empires: Turkey between Russian Bolshevism and British Imperialism, 1918–1923, , London and New York; Grünewald, G., Van Den Dungen, P., (1995) Twentieth-Century Peace Movements: Successes and Failures, , Lewiston; Heater, D., (1994) National Self-Determination: Woodrow Wilson and His Legacy, , New York; Iriye, A., (2002) Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in The Making of The Contemporary World, , Berkeley and Los Angeles; Jacobson, J., (1994) When the Soviet Union Entered World Politics, , Berkeley; Johnson, G., (2004) Locarno Revisited: European Diplomacy, 1920–1929, , London and New York; Keynes, J.M., (1919) The Economic Consequences of the Peace, , London; Kissinger, H., (1994) Diplomacy, , New York; Kitching, C.J., (1999) Britain and the Problem of International Disarmament, 1919–1934, , London and New York; Kramer, A., (2010) Dynamic of Destruction: Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War, , Oxford and New York; Leitz, C., (2004) Nazi Foreign Policy: The Road to Global War, , London and New York; Lentin, (2001) Anthony Lloyd George and the Lost Peace, , New York; Lynch, C., (1999) Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics, , Ithaca; Macartney, C.A., (1968) National States and National Minorities, , New York; MacMillan, M., (2001) Peacemakers: The Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War London; Marks, S., (2002) The Ebbing of European Ascendancy: An International History of the World 1914–1945, , London and New York; Marks, S., (2003) The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918–1933, , 2nd edn. New York; Martel, G., (2006) A Companion to Europe, 1900–1945, , Malden, MA; Mayer, A.J., (1967) Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counter-Revolution at Versailles, 1918–1919, , New York; Mommsen, W., Kettenacker, L., (1983) The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement, , London and Boston; Northedge, F.S., (1986) The League of Nations: Its Life and Times, 1920–1946, , Leicester; Pederson, S., Back to the league of nations (2007) American Historical Review, 112, pp. 1091-1117; Schuker, S.A., (1976) The End of French Predominance in Europe: The Financial Crisis of 1924 and The Adoption of The Dawes Plan, , Chapel Hill; Sharp, A., (2008) The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923, , 2nd edn. Basingstoke; Sharp, A., (2010) The Versailles Settlement: Aftermath and Legacy, 1919–2010, , London; Siegel, M., (2004) The Moral Disarmament of France: Education, Pacifism, and Patriotism, 1914–1940, , Cambridge and New York; Skran, C.M., (1995) Refugees in Inter-War Europe: The Emergence of a Regime, , New York; Steiner, Z., (2005) The Lights that Failed: European International History, 1919–1933, , Oxford; Steiner, Z., (2011) The Triumph of the Dark: European International History, 1933–1939, , New York; Thorne, C., (1972) The Limits of Foreign Policy: The West, The League, and The Far Eastern Crisis of 1931–1933, , London; Walters, F., (1960) History of the League of Nations, , London; Wasserstein, B., (1978) The British in Palestine: The Mandatory Government, and The Arab-Jewish Conflict, 1917–1929, , London; Weinberg, G.L., (2005) Hitler’s Foreign Policy, 1933–1939: The Road to World War II, , New York; Willis, J.F., (1982) Prologue to Nuremberg: The Politics and Diplomacy of Punishing War Criminals of The First World War, , Westport, CT},
correspondence_address1={Fink, C.; Department of History, Ohio State UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139021203; 9780521875776},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Camb. History of War: War and the Modern World},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kyriakakis2009108,
author={Kyriakakis, J.},
title={Prosecuting corporations for international crimes: The role for domestic criminal law},
journal={International Criminal Law and Philosophy},
year={2009},
pages={108-138},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511642265.007},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927075374&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511642265.007&partnerID=40&md5=5a16209f8d1f47bd1f82e2a8da564251},
affiliation={Monash University, Australia},
abstract={The permissive conditions for business-related human rights abuses today are created by a misalignment between economic forces and governance capacity. Only realignment can fix the problem. In its operations in the Indonesian province of Papua, the U.S. mining company Freeport-McMoRan has been accused of assisting in serious human rights abuses, including torture committed by military and private security forces in Freeport facilities and on Freeport property. In the Sudan, a number of corporations, including the Canadian company Talisman Energy and the Swedish company Lundin Oil AB, have been the targets of campaigns claiming that the companies willfully ignored, or positively assisted in, forcible depopulations occurring in and around their oil mining concession regions. The U.S. company Unocal Corporation settled out of court a lawsuit alleging that it had knowingly used forced labor in its extractive operations in Myanmar. More recently, the Australian company Anvil Mining came under investigation for providing the vehicles that facilitated a military operation by state forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, an operation that allegedly involved the commission of a number of war crimes, including rape, arbitrary detentions, and summary executions. In the context of contemporary global economies, allegations of corporate involvement in breaches of international human rights standards are unfortunately not uncommon. In some cases the nature and extent of wrongful conduct in which corporations are being implicated might be classified as international crimes. International crimes include slavery, crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide, and torture. © Cambridge University Press 2010.},
references={Brundige, E., Indonesian Human Rights Abuses in West Papua: Application of the Law of Genocide to the History of Indonesian Control, pp. 39-40. , April 2004; http://www.bergermontague.com/pdfs/SecondAmendedClassActionComplaint.pdf, Human Rights Watch, Sudan, Oil and Human Rights (2003). Such allegations, among others, formed the basis of a United States Alien Tort Claims Act lawsuit. See for example Plaintiffs’ Second Amended Class Action Complaint, Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy (United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Civil Action No. 01 CV 9882 (DLC)), accessed April 28, 2008; For Materials on the Unocal Lawsuit, See the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, , http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/UnocallawsuitreBurma, accessed April 28, 2008; Kyriakakis, J., Australian Prosecution of Corporations for International Crimes: The Potential of the Commonwealth Criminal Code (2007) Journal of International Criminal Justice, 5 (4), pp. 811-814. , 809; http://www.business-humanrights.org/Home, See, for example, the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, accessed April 28, 2008) (presenting allegations and responses by companies regarding human rights abuses connected with their business operations; (2004) International Peace Academy and Fafo AIS, Business and International Crimes: Assessing the Liability of Business Entities for Grave Violations of International Law, , http://www.fafo.no/, accessed April 28, 2008; Final Report on the Exercise of Universal Jurisdiction in Respect of Gross Human Rights Offences (2000) International Law Association Reports of Conferences, 69, pp. 406-411. , 403; Forcese, C., Deterring ‘Militarized Commerce’: The Prospect of Liability for ‘Privatized’ Human Rights Abuses (2000) Ottawa Law Review, 31, pp. 174-175. , 171; Forcese, C., Militarized Commerce’ in Sudan’s Oilfields: Lessons for Canadian Foreign Policy (2001) Canadianforeign Policy, 8-37 (3), pp. 37-41. , Spring; Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights, , http://www.voluntaryprinciples.org/principles/index.php, accessed April 28, 2008; Ratner, S.R., Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Responsibility (2001) The Yale Law Journal, 111, pp. 461-473. , 443; Schutter, O.D., The Accountability of Multinationals for Human Rights Violations in European Law Non-State Actors and Human Rights, pp. 230-240. , Philip Alston (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, 227; Joseph, S., An Overview of the Human Rights Accountability of Multinational Enterprises Liability of Multinational Corporations under International Law, 75, pp. 78-80. , Menno T. 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correspondence_address1={Kyriakakis, J.; Monash UniversityAustralia},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511642265; 9780521191517},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Criminal Law and Philosophy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Reyntjens20091,
author={Reyntjens, F.},
title={The great African war: Congo and regional geopolitics, 1996–2006},
journal={The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006},
year={2009},
pages={1-327},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511596698},
note={cited By 188},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926113994&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511596698&partnerID=40&md5=410f2ed01cb10eab93547bc739359c6f},
affiliation={Institute of Development Policy and Management, University of Antwerp, Belgium},
abstract={This book examines a decade-long period of instability, violence and state decay in Central Africa from 1996, when the war started, to 2006, when elections formally ended the political transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A unique combination of circumstances explain the unravelling of the conflicts: the collapsed Zairian/Congolese state; the continuation of the Rwandan civil war across borders; the shifting alliances in the region; the politics of identity in Rwanda, Burundi and eastern DRC; the ineptitude of the international community; and the emergence of privatized and criminalized public spaces and economies, linked to the global economy, but largely disconnected from the state – on whose territory the ‘entrepreneurs of insecurity’ function. As a complement to the existing literature, this book seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of concurrent developments in Zaire/DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda in African and international contexts. By adopting a non-chronological approach, it attempts to show the dynamics of the interrelationships between these realms and offers a toolkit for understanding the past and future of Central Africa. © Filip Reyntjens 2009.},
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The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire, , Madison, University of Wisconsin Press; Nations, U., (1996) Commission of Inquiry on Burundi, , Final Report, New York, 23 July; Nations, U., (1996) Commission on Human Rights, , Report on the situation of human rights in Zaire, prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Roberto Garretón, in accordance with Commission resolution 1995/69, 29 January (E/CN.4/1996/66); Nations, U., (1997) Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Zaire, , prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Robert Garretón, in accordance with Commission Resolution 1996/77, 28 January (E/CN.4/1997/6); Nations, U., (1997) Commission on Human Rights, Report on the mission carried out at the request of the High Commissioner for Human Rights between 25 and 29 March 1997 to the area occupied by rebels in eastern Zaire, , 2 April (E/CN.4/1997/6/Add.2); United Nations, Economic and Social Council, (1997) Report of the joint mission charged with investigating allegations of massacres and other human rights violations occurring in eastern Zaire, , (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) since September 1996, 2 July (A/51/942); Nations, U., (1997) General Assembly, Interim Report on the human rights situation in Burundi submitted by the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, , pursuant to Economic and Social Council decision /280, 7 October 1997(A/52/505); Nations, U., (1997) General Assembly, Report of the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Rwanda, , 22 October (A/52/522); United Nations, Security Council, (1998) The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa, , Report of the Secretary General, April (S/1998/318); United Nations, Security Council, (1998) Report of the Investigative Team Charged with Investigating Serious Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law in the Democratic Republic of Congo, , 29 June (S/1998/581); United Nations, Security Council, (1998) Final Report of the International Commission of Inquiry (Rwanda), , 18 November (S/1998/1096); United Nations, Security Council, (2000) Report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA, , 10 March (S/2000/203); United Nations, Security Council, (2001) Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 12 April (S/2001/357); United Nations, Security Council, (2002) Final Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 16 October (S/2002/1146); United Nations, Security Council, (2003) Final Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 23 October (S/2003/1027); United Nations, Security Council, (2004) Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 15 July (S/2004/551); United Nations, Security Council, (2005) Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 25 January (S/2005/30); United Nations, Security Council, (2005) Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 26 July (S/2005/436); United Nations, Security Council, (2007) Final Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, , 18 July (S/2007/423); (1996) Masisi. Down the Road from Goma: Ethnic Cleansing and Displacement in Eastern Zaire, , Washington, June; (1996) Military Deployment in Eastern Zaire Would Be Misguided, , Talk of Deployment Threatens to Impede Humanitarian Relief, 28 November; (1997) Site Visit to Eastern Congo/Zaire: Analysis of Humanitarian and Political Issues, , 10 June; U. S. Institute of Peace, (1997) Special Report, , Zaire's Crises of War and Governance, Washington D.C., April; U.S, (1997) Military Activities in Rwanda since 1994, , Summary, 19 August; Van Acker, F., Vlassenroot, K., Les "maï-maï" et les fonctions de la violence milicienne dans l'Est du Congo (2001) Politique Africaine, 84, pp. 103-116. , December; Vandeginste, S., L'approche "vérité et réconciliation" du génocide et des crimes contre l'humanité au Rwanda (1998) L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998, pp. 97-140. , Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), Paris, L'Harmattan; Van Dyck, H., (1997) Rapport sur les violations des droits de l'homme dans le Sud- Equateur, , 29 September; Van Leeuwen, M., Rwanda's Imidugudu programme and earlier experiences with villagisation and resettlement in East Africa (2001) Journal of Modern African Studies, pp. 623-644; Verschave, F.-X., (1998) La Françafrique. Le plus long scandale de la République, , Paris, Stock; Vircoulon, T., République démocratique du Congo: La démocratie sans démocrates (2006) Politique étrangère, (3), pp. 569-581; Vlassenroot, K., (2002) The Making of a New Order, , Dynamics of Conflict and Dialectics of War in South Kivu (DR Congo), University of Ghent, Ph.D. Thesis; Vlassenroot, K., Citizenship, Identity Formation & Conflict in South Kivu: The Case of the Banyamulenge (2002) Review of African Political Economy, pp. 499-515; Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., Le conflit en Ituri (2003) L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 2002-2003, pp. 207-233. , Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), Paris, L'Harmattan; Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., The Politics of Rebellion and Intervention in Ituri: The Emergence of a New Political Complex? (2004) African Affairs, pp. 385-412; Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., Emerging Complexes in Ituri (2004) Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo, pp. 177-196. , Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T. (Eds.), Ghent, Academia Press; Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., (2004) Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo, , Ghent, Academia Press; Pemako, V.T., (2000) A l'ombre du Léopard. Vérités sur le régime de Mobutu Sese Seko, , Brussels, Editions Zaire Libre; Weiss, G., (1959) Le pays d'Uvira, , Brussels, ARSC; Willame, J.-C., (1997) Banyarwanda et Banyamulenge. Violences ethniques et gestion de l'identitaire au Kivu, (25). , Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains; Willame, J.-C., Laurent-Désiré Kabila: Les origines d'une anabase (1998) Politique Africaine, 72, pp. 68-80. , December; Willame, J.-C., (1999) L'odyssée Kabila. Trajectoire pour un Congo nouveau?, , Paris, Karthala; Willame, J.-C., (2002) L'Accord de Lusaka. Chronique d'une négociation internationale, (51-52). , Brussels- Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains; Winter, R., How Human Rights Groups Miss the Opportunity to Do Good (1998) The Washington Post, , 22 February; Wolters, S., (2004) Update on the DRC: Is the Transition in Trouble?, , Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 20 July; Wolters, S., Boshoff, H., (2006) The Impact of Slow Military Reform on the Transition Process in the DRC, , Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 10 July; Lye, Y., (1995) Lettres d'un Kinois à l'oncle du village, (15). , Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain- L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains; Young, C., Contextualizing Congo Conflicts. Order and Disorder in Postcolonial Africa (2002) The African Stakes of the Congo War, pp. 13-31. , Clark, J. F. (Ed.), New York-Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan; Zolberg, A.R., Suhrke, A., Aguayo, S., (1989) Escape from Violence: Conflict and Refugee Crisis in the Developing World, , New York, Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Reyntjens, F.; Institute of Development Policy and Management, University of AntwerpBelgium},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511596698; 9780521111287},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Flandreau20091,
author={Flandreau, M. and James, H.},
title={Introduction},
journal={International Financial History in the Twentieth Century System and Anarchy},
year={2009},
pages={1-16},
doi={10.1017/CBO9781139052375.002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924094310&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9781139052375.002&partnerID=40&md5=81adcef819e59b9fc39978d28f6c6037},
affiliation={Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, France; Princeton University, United States},
abstract={The long-run history of the international financial system in the course of the twentieth century can be described in terms of the current debate about globalization and its limits. At the beginning of the new century, there existed a substantially integrated world economy, tied together through more or less unconstrained flows of capital, goods, and labor. During the next decades that “one world” economy disintegrated, in part as a response to World War I, in part as a result of growing political expectations about how the state might limit the shocks emanating from the global economy. The years after 1945 saw the creation of an institutional infrastructure - in particular the Bretton Woods institutions - that altered the calculations about appropriate state policy and permitted the recreation of a world in which trade expanded more quickly than production, capital flows increased (especially after the 1970s), and labor also began to move. The course of the twentieth century can be described from this perspective as a U-shape. First integration collapsed, and then the pendulum swung back. Can there be another dip in the U? If so, what does history tell us about “backlashes” against globalization (to use the expression of Kevin O'Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson)? What exactly is a “backlash” - an attempt to reverse the previous course of globalization, or an attempt to secure that course by directing it along more stable tracks? © German Historical Institute 2003.},
references={O’Rourke, K.H., Williamson, J.G., (1999) Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth Century Atlantic Economy, , Cambridge, Mass; (1878) La Diplomatie Monetaire En 1878, , Paris; Flandreau, M., The french crime of 1873? An essay on the emergence of the international gold standard, 1870–1880 (1996) Journal of Economic History, pp. 862-897; Flandreau, M., Zumer, F., Stability without a pact? Lessons from the european gold standard (1998) Economic Policy, 26, pp. 117-162; Holtfrerich, C.-L., Alternativen zu brunings wirtschaftspolitik in der weltwirtschaftskrise (1982) Historische Zeitschrift, 235, pp. 605-631; Borchardt, K., Constraints and room for manoeuvre in the great depression of the early thirties: Towards a revision of the received historical picture (1991) Perspectives on Modern German Economic History an Policy, pp. 143-160. , Knut Borchardt, Cambridge; Kindleberger, C.P., (1986) The World in Depression, , Berkeley, Calif; (1947) Princeton Alumni Weekly, p. 13. , Feb. 28; Berger, H., Ritschl, A., Germany and the political economy of the marshall plan: A re-revisionist view (1995) Europe’s Postwar Recovery, p. 210. , Barry Eichengreen, ed., Cambridge; Camdessus, M., (1998) The IMF and Good Governance, , address given at Transparency International, Paris, Jan. 21; Volcker, P.A., Gyohten, T., (1992) Changing Fortunes: The World’s Money and The Threat to American Leadership, p. 143. , New York},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139052375; 9780521819954},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Financial History in the Twent. Century System and Anarchy},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Rowley20091,
author={Rowley, C. and Truong, Q.},
title={The Changing Face of Vietnamese Management},
journal={The Changing Face of Vietnamese Management},
year={2009},
pages={1-271},
doi={10.4324/9780203868409},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917267547&doi=10.4324%2f9780203868409&partnerID=40&md5=a53e67b973761a7ff7d6c15e3990e130},
affiliation={City University, United Kingdom; Maastricht School of Management, Netherlands},
abstract={Vietnam has emerged from long periods of colonialization, wars and ideological conflicts to become an important economic force within Asia and a promising destination for international business ventures. The latest book in the popular Working in Asia series, The Changing Face of Vietnamese Management, draws on the experiences of local, Vietnamese experts to offer a unique perspective on the opportunities, challenges and issues facing managers and organizations operating in this fascinating emerging market. The book: Contextualizes political, economic and social traditions Discusses Vietnam’s competitiveness within the global economy Analyzes key functional areas, including HRM, marketing, finance and strategy Examines key issues and new developments in management and business This key text includes illustrative case studies and vignettes to provide broad coverage and content that would serve the needs of students and managers alike. © 2009 Chris Rowley and Quang Truong. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135245306; 9780203868409},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Changing Face of Vietnamese Management},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Raley20091,
author={Raley, Y. and Preyer, G.},
title={Philosophy of Education in the Era of Globalization},
journal={Philosophy of Education in the Era of Globalization},
year={2009},
pages={1-238},
doi={10.4324/9780203871119},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917054249&doi=10.4324%2f9780203871119&partnerID=40&md5=f6d97af191f73cd6832b28da028b025f},
affiliation={Philosophy Department, Felician College, Lodi, NJ, United States; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany},
abstract={Terrorism, ethnocentrism, religious tension, competition over limited resources, war - these are just a few of the problems and challenges that have emerged in today’s global economy. Globalization both implies and requires economic interdependence; and this should bring with it a heightened sense of the interconnectedness of the participating societies. But unfortunately, as recent events indicate, rather than our having formed a global community, today’s society is more fragmented than ever. In light of this, education faces some formidable new challenges. How do we prepare future citizens for the world they will live in? How do we teach future generations to embrace the paradox of accepting the value of multiculturalism despite the conflicts it has produced? How do we instill religious tolerance in a time when fundamentalism has become inextricably tied with terrorism? How do we promote economic growth in the face of overpopulation and its depletion of resources? The authors of this collection of essays explore these and related challenges, and they suggest some novel ways of dealing with them. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135227388; 9780415996068},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Philosophy of Education in the Era of Globalization},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Neal2009450,
author={Neal, L.},
title={Lessons from history for the twenty-first century},
journal={The Origins and Development of Financial Markets and Institutions: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present},
year={2009},
pages={450-464},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511757419.016},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909604318&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511757419.016&partnerID=40&md5=6ef46984d2f79f11d1af7dfd8299ee45},
affiliation={London School of Economics, United Kingdom},
abstract={Just before the sub-prime crisis broke in August 2007, an op-ed piece by David Hale in the Wall Street Journal boldly asserted that never in the history of the world has the human race enjoyed such material prosperity. The facts back him up. With a record population of 6.6 billion and an average per capita income of $10, 200 in 2006, the world's gross domestic product was still growing at over 5 percent annually in real terms and thus at 2–4 percent per capita. Never has there been so many people living and never has their per capita income been so high. Moreover, never before have there been such bright prospects for the future. Driving this phenomenal achievement, most economists agree, is the rise of trade, starting with the industrialized West after World War II, including the oil producing countries in the 1970s, and finally encompassing the centrally-planned economies of China, India, and the former Soviet Union in the 1990s. Despite occasional tremors in the stock markets of the world, the global economy is awash in liquidity as a result of the unprecedented breadth and depth of prosperity, which has generated high profits in all the countries participating in increased trade. The resulting savings, Hale argued, as have others, are directed by the increasingly efficient financial markets of the world toward their most efficient investment opportunities. Global finance, in short, provides the basis for continued prosperity. © Cambridge University Press 2009.},
references={Aghion, P., Williamson, J.G., (1998) Growth, Inequality, and Globalization: Theory, History, and Policy, , Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press; (2003) Bank for International Settlements, , http://www.bis.org/publ/annualreport.htm, Annual Report, (BIS: Basel:; Baskin, J.B., Miranti, P.J., (1997) A History of Corporate Finance, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Bernanke, B.S., (2004) Essays on the Great Depression, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Bordo, M., Rockoff, H., The gold standard as a ‘good housekeeping seal of approval (1996) Journal of Economic History, 56 (2). , June; Bordo, M., Eichengreen, B., (2002) “Crises Now and Then: What Lessons from the Last Era of Financial Globalization, (8716). , NBER Working Paper; Bordo, M., Eichengreen, B., Klingebiel, D., Martinez-Peria, M.S., Is the crisis problem growing more severe? (2001) Economic Policy, 16, 32 (51), pp. 53-82. , April; Calomiris, C., Mason, J., (2003) How to Restructure Failed Banking Systems: Lessons from the US in the 1930S and Japan in the 1990S, 9624p. , NBER Working Paper; (2007) World Factbook, , https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook; Davis, L.E., Gallman, R., (2001) Evolving Capital Markets and International Capital Flows: Britain, the Americas, and Australia, 1865–1914, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Davis, L., Neal, L., The evolution of the structure and performance of the london stock exchange in the first global financial market, 1812–1914 (2006) European Review of Economic History, 10 (3), pp. 279-300; Eichengreen, B., Hausman, R., (2005) Other People's Money: Debt Denomination and Financial Instability in Emerging Market Economies, , Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press; Friedman, M., Schwartz, A.J., (1963) A Monetary History of the US, 1867–1960, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Grossman, P.Z., The market for shares of companies with unlimited liability: The case of american express (1995) The Journal of Legal Studies, 24 (1), pp. 63-85; Hale, D., The best economy ever (2007) Wall Street Journal. July, 31, pp. A15; Healey, T.J., Sarbox was the right medicine (2007) Wall Street Journal, pp. A.13. , August 9; Hickson, C.R., Turner, J.D., The rise and decline of the irish stock market, 1865–1913 (2005) European Review of Economic History, 9 (1), pp. 3-33; (2007) Annual Report, 2006, , London: International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation; Methods of raising revenue, estimates and statistics (1914) National Archives, 1. , United Kingdom, Finance Bill, IR 63/46; (2007) Reaping the Benefits of Financial Globalization, , Discussion Paper, June; (2007), July, Washington, DC: IMF; Mason, J.R., The political economy of the reconstruction finance corporation during the great depression (2003) Explorations in Economic History, 40 (2), pp. 101-121; Michie, R.S., (1987) The London and New York Stock Exchanges, 1850–1914, , London and Boston: Allen & Unwin; Michie, R.S., (2006) The Global Securities Market: A History, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mishkin, F.S., (2006) The Next Great Globalization, How Disadvantaged Nations Can Harness Their Financial Systems to Get Rich, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Neal, L., (1990) The Rise of Financial Capitalism, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Neal, L., (2007) The Economics of Europe and the European Union, , Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press; Neal, L., Quinn, S., Networks of information, markets and institutions in the rise of london as a financial centre, 1660– 1720 (2001) Financial History Review, pp. 7-26; Neal, L., Weidenmier, M., Crises in the global economy from tulips to today: Contagion and consequences (2003) Globalization in History, , Michael Bordo, Alan Taylor, and Jeffrey G. Williamson, eds., Chicago: NBER and University of Chicago Press; Odell, K.A., Weidenmier, M.D., Real shock; monetary aftershock: The 1906 san francisco earthquake and the panic of 1907 (2004) Journal of Economic History, 64 (4), pp. 1002-1027; Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., The great reversals: The politics of financial development in the twentieth century (2003) Journal of Financial Economics, 69 (1), pp. 5-50; Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., (2004) Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists. London: Random House. Taylor, John B. 2007. Global Financial Warriors, , The Untold Story of International Finance in the Post-9/11 World. New York: W.W. Norton; Turner, J.D., (2007) “Protecting outside Investors in a Laissez-Faire Legal Environment: Corporate Governance in Victorian Britain, , paper delivered at Business History Conference; Zhang, I.X., (2005) Economic Consequences of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, , February, unpublished paper},
correspondence_address1={Neal, L.; London School of EconomicsUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511757419; 9780521895170},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Origins and Development of Financial Markets and Institutions: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Golan20091,
author={Golan, G.J. and Johnson, T.J. and Wanta, W.},
title={International Media Communication in a Global Age},
journal={International Media Communication in a Global Age},
year={2009},
pages={1-480},
doi={10.4324/9780203881286},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909027796&doi=10.4324%2f9780203881286&partnerID=40&md5=97143a1d1ef4b55d15b453973ae696d4},
affiliation={Department of Communication, Seton Hall University, United States; College of Mass Communications, Texas Tech University, United States; Oklahoma State University, United States},
abstract={This volume provides a comprehensive examination of key issues regarding global communication, focusing particularly on international news and strategic communication. It addresses those news factors that influence the newsworthiness of international events, providing a synthesis of both theoretical and practical studies that highlight the complicated nature of the international news selection process. It also deals with international news coverage, presenting research on the cross-national and cross-cultural nature of media coverage of global events, in the interdisciplinary context of research on political communication, war coverage, new technologies and online communication. The work concludes with a focus on global strategic communications: In the age of globalization, global economies and cross-national media ownership, chapters here provide readers with some of the most up-to-date research on international advertising, public relations and other key issues in international communications. With contributions from many of the leading scholars in the field of international media communication research, this collection presents a valuable resource for advancing knowledge and understanding of the complicated international communication phenomenon. It will be of value to upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in mass media and communication programs, and to scholars whose research focuses on global communication research. © 2010 Taylor and Francis. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781135838836; 0415998999; 9780415998994},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={International Media Communication in a Glob. Age},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu200980,
author={Wu, G.},
title={A Shadow over western democracies: China's political use of economic power},
journal={China Perspectives},
year={2009},
volume={2009},
number={2},
pages={80-90},
doi={10.4000/chinaperspectives.4810},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906453980&doi=10.4000%2fchinaperspectives.4810&partnerID=40&md5=746b31fe20babb442c4decbd5857ff13},
affiliation={Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives, University of Victoria, Canada},
abstract={This paper investigates how China's success in economic development negatively influences civil liberties and democracy as practiced in the West, and asks why the growing economic interdependence between China and the global economy enables China to intervene in the political conduct of leading democracies but not vice versa. Empirically, the paper examines cases of Chinese foreign relations behaviour in which China uses its economic connections with various leading industrial democracies to bend their international political behaviour regarding visits by the Dalai Lama. It also highlights how economic interests relating to the Chinese market make multinational corporations vulnerable to Beijing's political pressure, and analyses why international capital is easily lured to cooperate with the Chinese repressive state to curb freedom in and outside China. It argues that the new political economy of globalisation in the post-Cold War era explains the rise of this kind of dictator's diplomacy, and that post- Tiananmen China has greatly contributed to the shaping of a new political economy characterised by state-market collaboration in promoting material prosperity.},
references={Fukuyama, F., "The End of History?" (1989) The National Interest, (16 SUMMER), pp. 3-18; Minzhu, H., (1990) Cries for Democracy: Writings and Speeches from the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement, , Princeton, Princeton University Press; Suettinger, R.L., (2003) Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000, , Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press; Brown, M.E., Cote, O.R., Jr., Lynn-Jose, S.M., Miller, S.E., (2000) The Rise of China, , Cambridge, MA, MIT Press; (2009), http://911.twforum.com/forums/archive/index.php?t-9375.html, accessed 16 February; Henderson, R., "Canada Weighs Taiwan Affairs Act," (2009), http://taiwanjournal.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=21605&CtNode=122, published 21 October 2005; accessed 15 April; (2009), http://www.thestar.com/article/271561, accessed 16 February; Smiles, S., "Rudd's Dalai Lama Drama," (2007), http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/rudds-dalai-lama-drama/2007/05/16/1178995236229.html, posted 17 May 2007; accessed 17 February; Reynolds, J., "Hillary Clinton's visit to Beijing," (2009), http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/jamesreynolds/2009/02/hillary_clintons_visit_to_beij.html, posted 19 February 2009, accessed 25 February; Macartney, J., "Compliments, not controversy, mark Hillary Clinton's Beijing visit," (2009), http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5786644.ece, posted 23 February 2009; accessed 25 February; Kusumi, J., "Hillary Clinton visits her Communist masters in Beijing," (2009), http://www.opednews.com/articles/Hillary-Clinton-Visits-Her-by-John-Kusumi-090221-626.html, posted 21 February 2009, accessed 15 April; Li, C., "Internet Content Control in China," International Journal of Communications Law and Policy, (8). , (Winter 2003/2004);; Watson, G., (2001) China's Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People's Republic of China, , http://go.openflows.org/; Bianco, A., (2007) Wal-Mart: The Bully of Bentonville: How the High Cost of Everyday Low Prices Is Hurting America, , New York, Doubleday; Quinn, B., (2005) How Wal-Mart Is Destroying America (and the World), , Berkeley, CA, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed; Segal, G., "Still a Fragile Power," (1998) New Political Economy, 3 (3), pp. 442-443. , November; Segal, G., "Does China Matter? Middle Kingdom, Middle Power," (1999) Foreign Affairs, 78 (5), pp. 24-34. , September/October; Geddes, B., (1994) Politician's Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America, pp. 38-41. , Berkeley, University of California Press; Galston, W.A., (1991) Liberal Purposes: Goods, Virtues, and Diversity in the Liberal State, , New York, Cambridge University Press; Jessop, B., "Capitalism and Democracy: The Best Political Shell?" (1978) Power and the State, pp. 10-51. , in G. Littlejohn, ed., London, Croom Helm},
correspondence_address1={Wu, G.; Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives, Canada},
publisher={Francais sur la Chine Contemporaine China},
issn={20703449},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={China Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Li2009169,
author={Li, Q.},
title={The effect of transnational terrorism on bilateral trade},
journal={Global Business and the Terrorist Threat},
year={2009},
pages={169-186},
doi={10.4337/9781848449350.00014},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881917931&doi=10.4337%2f9781848449350.00014&partnerID=40&md5=e331733fa9b47de8b1ac5db6a6e77613},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, Texas A & M University, United States},
abstract={Quan Li Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the economic consequences of terrorism have attracted wide public and scholarly attention. The global ‘war on terror’ has led to tightened security almost around the world, increasing the costs of conducting international business. Many are concerned that international trade, an important component of the global economy, will suffer due to terrorism and counter-terrorism. A 2003 report, prepared by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and delivered at an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) trade and security forum in Bangkok in 2003, estimated that the United States economy is losing up to US$75 billion a year because of terrorism. The popular view is that terrorism leads to lost business. Several econometric studies (Nitsch and Schumacher, 2004; Fratianni and Kang, 2006; Blomberg and Hess, 2006) demonstrate that terrorism reduces the volume of trade. According to these studies, a doubling in the number of terrorist incidents in two countries of a dyad is associated with a decrease in bilateral trade by about 4 percent. The presence of terrorism together with internal and external conflict is equivalent to as much as a 30 percent tariff on trade in a given country year. And the negative effect of terrorism for trade is stronger for contiguous countries. In this chapter, I re-examine the effect of terrorism on trade. Previous studies have ignored the direction of terrorist attacks, failed to control for dyad-specific unobserved characteristics, and treated pairs of countries at different development stages equally. This research corrects…. © Harry W. Richardson, Peter Gordon and James E. Moore II 2009.},
references={Aitken, N.D., The effect of the EEC and EFTA on European trade: A temporal and cross section analysis (1973) American Economic Review, 63, pp. 881-892. , December; Anderson, J.E., A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation (1979) American Economic Review, 69, pp. 106-116. , March; Bennett, D.S., Stam, A.C., (1999) EUGene: Expected utility generation and data management program, , http://wizard.ucr.edu/cps/eugene/welcome.html; Blomberg, S.B., Hess, G.D., How much does violence tax trade? (2006) Review of Economics and Statistics, 88 (4), pp. 599-612; Braithwaite, A., Li, Q., Transnational terrorism hot spots: Identification and impact evaluation (2007) Conflict Management and Peace Science, 24 (4), pp. 281-296; Cheng, I.-H., Wall, H.J., Controlling for heterogeneity in gravity models of trade and integration (2005) Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review, 87 (1), pp. 49-64; Deardorff, A.V., Determinants of bilateral trade: Does gravity work in a neoclassical world? (1998) The Regionalization of the World Economy, pp. 7-28. , Chicago, IL, USA and London, UK: University of Chicago Press; Dixon, W.J., Moon, B.E., Political similarity and American foreign trade patterns (1993) Political Research Quarterly, 46 (1), pp. 5-25; Enders, W., Sandler, T., Transnational terrorism in the post-Cold War era (1999) International Studies Quarterly, 43, pp. 145-167; Enders, W., Sandler, T., Patterns of transnational terrorism 1970-99: Alternative time series estimates (2002) International Studies Quarterly, 46, pp. 145-165; Frankel, J.A., (1997) Regional Trading Blocs in the World Economic System, , Washington, DC: Institute of International Economics; Frankel, J., Globalization of the economy (2000) Governance in a Globalizing World, , Joseph Nye and John Donahue (eds), Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; Fratianni, M., Kang, H., International terrorism, international trade, and borders (2006) Research in Global Strategic Management, Vol. 12, Regional Economic Integration, pp. 203-224. , Michele Fratianni and Alan M. Rugman (eds), Oxford: Elsevier; Glick, R., Rose, A., Does a currency union affect trade? The time-series evidence (2002) European Economic Review, 46 (6), pp. 1125-1151; Gowa, J., Bipolarity, multipolarity, and free trade (1989) American Political Science Review, 83 (4), pp. 1245-1256; Gowa, J., Mansfield, E.D., Power politics and international trade (1993) American Political Science Review, 87 (2), pp. 408-420; Li, Q., Political violence and foreign direct investment (2006) Research in Global Strategic Management, Vol. 12, Regional Economic Integration, pp. 225-249. , Michele Fratianni and Alan M. Rugman (eds), Oxford: Elsevier; Li, Q., Sacko, D., The (ir)relevance of interstate militarized disputes to international trade (2002) International Studies Quarterly, 46 (1), pp. 11-44; Mansfield, E., Bronson, R., Alliances, preferential trading arrangements, and international trade (1997) American Political Science Review, 1, pp. 94-107; McDonald, M., Checkpoint terror: Border searches snarl the free flow of goods (2002) US News and World Report, , 11 February; Mickolus, E.F., Sandler, T., Murdock, J.M., Fleming, P., (2002) International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events, 1991-2000 (ITERATE 5), , Dunn Loring, VA: Vinyard Software; Morrow, J.D., Siverson, R.M., Tabares, T.E., The political determinants of international trade: The major powers, 1907-90 (1998) American Political Science Review, 92 (3), pp. 649-661; Morrow, J.D., Siverson, R.M., Tabares, T.E., Correction to “The political determinants of international trade” (1999) American Political Science Review, 93 (4), pp. 931-934; Nitsch, V., Schumacher, D., Terrorism and international trade: An empirical investigation (2004) European Journal of Political Economy, 20 (2), pp. 423-433; Pollins, B.M., Does trade still follow the flag? (1989) American Political Science Review, 83 (2), pp. 465-480; Rose, A., Do we really know that the WTO increases trade? (2004) American Economic Review, 94 (1), pp. 98-114},
correspondence_address1={Li, Q.; Department of Political Science, United States},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9781848449350; 9781847208507},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Business and the Terrorist Threat},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Taylor200990,
author={Taylor, G.M.},
title={Systems thinking: The key to survival},
journal={53rd Annual Conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences 2009: Making Liveable, Sustainable Systems Unremarkable},
year={2009},
volume={1},
pages={90-115},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 53rd Annual Conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences 2009: Making Liveable, Sustainable Systems Unremarkable ; Conference Date: 12 July 2009 Through 17 July 2009;  Conference Code:92245},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865630131&partnerID=40&md5=da6c141896fcc8d28a033e4d83b97732},
affiliation={23/12 Bryce Street, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia},
abstract={While most people support sustainable development, many believe that its benefits must be weighed against other objectives such as economic growth and consumer desires for recreation, comfort and status. However, sustainability is not an option but a requirement. Any economy that is not sustainable will go bankrupt: any biological system that is not sustainable will die. Human societies are living social systems that completely depend on their environments for the resources needed to survive. But evolution is a ruthless process: most of the species and human societies that have ever existed are extinct because they either destroyed their environments or could not adapt to changing conditions. Our industrial societal system is designed for constant expansion. While this model was viable in a world of few people and many resources, it is now obsolete because the global economy is consuming more resources and discarding more waste than our planet's ecosystems can sustainably produce and recycle. In the coming decades a combination of global warming, resource shortages and species loss will create growing environmental, economic and social crises. This is a global emergency. If we continue with business as usual major ecosystems will collapse by mid-century. This will destroy the global economy and end our complex civilizations. But disaster is not inevitable. At the same time as industrial civilization has outgrown its biophysical limits, a new type of sustainable societal system has begun to evolve. Systems-based views, values, social structures, technologies and economic processes are rapidly emerging. The future is our choice: if we fail to act our children will be doomed to live on a dying planet; if we make the right interventions we can accelerate the evolution of a holistic societal system. Constructive intervention is possible because societal systems do not have random designs. Human societies have evolved through distinct stages (historical "ages"). Societal systems with similar worldviews and structures emerge and endure in each age because they have environmentally relevant configurations. Their congruent and stable patterns constitute system attractors. For example, similar conditions and stages of development created the long-lasting agrarian kingdoms of Egypt, China, and Central America. Societal systems are unified and organized around worldviews, which are overarching conceptions of reality that explain the place of humans in the world. Worldviews and cultures (learned traditions of thought and behavior) provide meanings and symbolic tools for organizing the social institutions that in turn organize and regulate group and individual behaviors. For this reason the key to the evolution of a sustainable global system is the spread of a holistic worldview - a systems perspective that recognizes the interdependence of all life on Earth. Evolution always involves both individual and group selection - since the survival of a species depends on group fitness, competition between individuals usually occurs within a wider framework of group (and ecosystem) cooperation. Most people are willing to make sacrifices for their children, community or faith. In times of war entire societies are asked to subordinate their personal desires to the needs of their nations. In the long history of humanity, the individualism of our consumer culture is an aberration. The survival of our species is now at stake. This threat has the potential to unite humanity around a common task - developing a sustainable culture and economy. Our challenge is to clearly explain the global emergency and provide alternative pathways to a viable future. If we recognize that a systems-based worldview is the key to the organization of a sustainable society, we can help develop congruent social structures and technologies. Once a new system attractor has evolved, rapid structural transformation will be possible.},
author_keywords={Attractor;  Holistic;  Social system;  Sustainable;  Worldview},
keywords={Biology;  Economics;  Ecosystems;  Global warming;  History, Attractor;  Holistic;  Social systems;  Sustainable;  Worldview, Sustainable development},
references={Brinkerhoff, D., White, L., Riedmann, A., (1997) Sociology, p. 93. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA; Cohen, M., (1997) Well Mind, Well Earth, , World Peace University Press, Roche Harbor, WA; Dimitrov, V., Woog, R., Kuhn-White, L., The divergence syndrome in social systems (1996) Complexity International, 3. , April 1996; Eisler, R., (2007) The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics, , Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco; Future generations (2008) SEED-SCALE Process of Change Overview, , future.org/pages/04_process_of_change/01_processofchange.html; Galtung, J., Inayatullah, S., (1997) Macrohistory and Macrohistorians, , Praeger, London; Gunderson, L., Holling, C., (2002) Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems, , Island Press, Washington, DC; Johnson, V., Simms, A., (2008) 100 Months: Technical Note, , www.onehundredmonths.org; Habermas, J., (1981) Theorie des Kommunikativen Handelns i und II, , Suhrkamp, Frankfurt; Hawken, P., (2007) Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in History Is Restoring Grace, Justice and Beauty to the World, , Viking, New York; Kluver, J., (1999) The Dynamics and Evolution of Social Systems, , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht; Kluver, J., Schmidt, J., Social differentiation as the unfolding of dimensions of social systems (1999) Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 23 (4), pp. 308-325; Kuhn, T., (1996) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, , 3rd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Laszlo, E., (1987) Evolution: The Grand Synthesis, , Shambhala Publications, Boston; Levenston, M., How far can urban agriculture go? Bogotá, columbia (2008) City Farmer News, , cityfarmer.info/how-far-can-urban-agriculturego%C2%A0-bogota-columbia, April 10, 2008; Luhmann, N., (1984) Sociale Systeme, , Suhrkamp, Frankfurt; Lynas, M., (2008) Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet, , National Geographic, Washington, DC; Meadows, D., Places to intervene in a system: Strategic levers for managing change in human systems (1997) Whole Earth Review, , Winter 1997; Meadows, D., Randers, J., Meadows, D., (2004) Limits to Growth: The 30-year Update, , Chelsea Green, White River Junction, VT; Melko, M., (1969) The Nature of Civilizations, p. 42. , Porter Sargent, Boston; Spratt, D., Sutton, P., (2008) Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action, , Scribe Publications, Victoria, Australia; Taylor, A., Time-space-technics: The evolution of societal systems and worldviews (1999) World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution, pp. 21-102. , www.bestfutures.org, 54#1; Taylor, D., Taylor, G., The collapse and transformation of our world (2007) Journal of Futures Studies, , Tamkang University, Taipei. Available online at www.bestfutures.org; Taylor, D., Taylor, G., The requirements of a sustainable planetary civilization (2007) Social Alternatives, pp. 10-16. , www.bestfutures.org, 26#3; Turner, G., (2008) A Comparison of the Limits to Growth with Thirty Years of Reality, , www.csiro.au/files/files/plje.pdf, CSIRO Paper; Vail, J., Envisioning a hamlet economy: Topology of sustainability and fulfilled ontogeny (2006) Rhizome, , jeffvail.net/2006/04/envisioning-hamlet-economy-topology-of.html, April 12; Vail, J., The design imperative (2007) Rhizome, , April 8, 2007. jeffvail.net/2007/04/design- imperative.html; Wilber, K., (1998) The Marriage of Sense and Soul, , Random House, New York; Living Planet Report 2008, , www.panda.org, World Wildlife Fund},
correspondence_address1={Taylor, G.M.23/12 Bryce Street, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; email: graeme@bestfutures.org},
publisher={International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS)},
address={Brisbane, QLD},
isbn={9781615678334},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Annu. Conf. Int. Soc. Syst. Sci.: Mak. Liveable, Sustainable Syst. Unremarkable},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gancheng2009127,
author={Gancheng, Z.},
title={China-Russia-India trilateral relations: Realities and prospects},
journal={China Report},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={127-133},
doi={10.1177/000944550904500203},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952935319&doi=10.1177%2f000944550904500203&partnerID=40&md5=9fd83ee41eb2a1ea09b0a1ff13fe54e5},
affiliation={South Asian Studies, Shanghai Institutes of International Studies, Shanghai, China},
abstract={This article seeks to raise some fundamental conceptual issues underlying the trilateral project. Theoretically, big country relationships-especially neighbouring ones-have to be built on common interests, mutual trust and greater interdependence in mutual interests so that it cannot be set aside unilaterally by any one of the parties. This article questions whether trilateral cooperation was sustainable since China, India and Russia were neither strategic allies nor enemies; none of them shared common friends or enemies and it were only potential common interests that underpinned their interaction. The author envisages the basis of their cooperation in terms of a reaction to the post-Cold War, US-dominated world but argues that such a structure was not a pre-determined imperialist scheme which had to be changed through opposition and conflict. This reflected the traditional view of international politics and needed to be modified in a scenario where the US was also promoting a market economy-based system, endorsed by the others. Trilateral cooperation, the author contends, should be seen as a new model of cooperation, seeking common economic benefits but also operating on the basis of a broad consensus about seeking improvement in the imbalanced world order, without challenging the stability of the existing order. A potentially strong bond was their shared critique of the neo-liberal trend in international relations and while it could be seen as a minimum consensus, its significance should not be underestimated. Equally important was that the economic standing of all three in the global economy was fairly high and they were seen as the big emerging markets, even as the West generally remained dominant in the world economy.},
keywords={future prospect;  geopolitics;  global economy;  international conflict;  international cooperation;  international relations;  sustainable development, China;  India;  Russian Federation},
correspondence_address1={Gancheng, Z.; South Asian Studies, , Shanghai, China; email: siisa@online.sh.cn},
publisher={Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd},
issn={00094455},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={China Rep.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lanciotti200937,
author={Lanciotti, N. and Lluch, A.},
title={Foreign direct investment in Argentina: Timing of entry and business activities of Foreign cimpanies (1860-1950)},
journal={Entreprises et Histoire},
year={2009},
volume={54},
number={1},
pages={37-66},
doi={10.3917/eh.054.0037},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77249138802&doi=10.3917%2feh.054.0037&partnerID=40&md5=dade88a806caed5b628abfca19e8fe7d},
affiliation={Department of economic history and the history of economic thought, Department of Economics, Universidad Nacional del Rosario, Argentina; Research fellow in business history, Harvard Business School, United States},
abstract={In the first global economy, Argentina qualified as one of the most dynamic economies, attracting a record volume of foreign investment. It ranked fourth in terms of the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) by 1914. The article aims to present an overview of the relationships between multinationals (mainly American and European) and the host country during the first half of the twentieth century. The paper is organized into two sections. The first presents a general overview of foreign firms doing business in Argentina (in terms of sectors and origins). The second focuses on two sectors: manufacturing/selling companies and public utility companies. The intention is to compare the organization and evolution of each sector and identify the business strategies companies used to adapt to changing economic and political contexts. The period under analysis covers: a) the 1890s through the 1920s, b) the Great Depression and the 1930s, and c) during and after World War II, when economic policy shifted.We evaluate the country specific advantages (CSAs) that might determine the decision to invest in Argentina, as well as the internalization advantages developed by the foreign companies as a response to the shift in government policies that could have affected the investment flows and the intra firm trade. The research is based primarily on private company records; the records of foreign chambers of commerce, official sources, and statistical information; trade reports; and business magazines and newspapers. The literature about multinationals and FDI in Latin America is extensive; however, from the perspective of business history, an analysis of their economic, cultural, and political impacts on the host economies is not. So, this paper seeks to contribute to wider debates over the strategies and role of foreign direct investment and business-state relations in Latin America.},
references={We would like to thank Per Boje and Maria Inés Barbero for their invaluable comments and suggestions to a previous version of the paper. Of course, all errors are our own responsibility; (1959) El Desarrollo Económico de la Argentina, , United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America, México, CEPAL; (1955) Foreign Capital in Latin America, , United Nations, New York, Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs; (1973) Las Inversiones Extranjeras en la Argentina, , Fundación de Investigaciones Económicas Latinoamericanas, Buenos Aires, La Fundación; (1995) Las Inversiones Extranjeras en América Latina, 1850-1930: Nuevos Debates y Problemas en Historia Económica Comparada, , The volume compiled by Carlos Marichal is one of the best works on the subject, mainly concerned with European investments in Latin America, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica; Miller, R., Inversión extranjera en América Latina, 1870-1930 Historia General de América Latina, 7. , For an overview of foreign investments in Latin America, E. Ayala Mora & E. Posada (eds.), Paris, UNESCO, chapter 5 (forthcoming); (2005) Leviathans. Multinational Corporations and the New Global History, , For a recent compilation on multinationals, see A. D. Chandler and B. Mazlish (eds.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Jones, G., (2005) Multinationals and Global Capitalism: From the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century, , Oxford-New York, Oxford University Press; Wilkins, M., (1970) The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from the Colonial Era to 1914, , For American multinational investments, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press; (1974) The maturing of multinational enterprise: American business abroad from 1914 to 1970, , Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press; (1998) The Free Standing Company in the World Economy, 1830-1996, , For free standing companies, see M. Wilkins and H. Schröter (eds.) ,Oxford, Oxford University Press; Casson, M., Institutional diversity in overseas enterprise: Explaining the free-standing company (1994) Business History, 36 (4), pp. 95-108. , October; Dunning, J.H., (1993) Multinational Enterprise and the Global Economy, , Cheltenham, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; Colli, A., (2008) Investing in a Developing Economy. FDIs in Italy, 1913-1972. Early findings and conjunctures, , Mimeo; Corley, T.A.B., Britain's overseas investments in 1914 revisited (1994) Business History, 36 (1), pp. 71-88. , October; Jones, Ch., Institutional forms of British foreign direct investment in South America (1997) Business History, 39 (2), pp. 21-24. , December; Wilkins, M., Multinational enterprise to 1930. Discontinuities and continuities (1997) Leviathans ⋯, 39 (2), p. 45. , A. Chandler and B. Mazlish (eds.); (1977) Business Imperialism 1840-1930. An inquiry based on British experience in Latin America, , D. C. M. Platt (ed.), Oxford, Oxford University Press; Jones, Ch., British Financial Institutions in Argentina, 1860-1914, 1973. , PhD thesis, University of Cambridge; Lewis, C., British Railways in Argentina, 1857-1914: A Case Study of Foreign Investment, 1983. , London, The Athlone Press; Míguez, E., Las Tierras de Los Ingleses en la Argentina 1880-1914, 1985. , Buenos Aires, Ed. De Belgrano; García Heras, R., (1994) Transporte, Negocios y Política. La Compan̄ía Anglo-Argentina de Tranvías, 1876-1981, , Buenos Aires, Sudamericana; Greenhill, R., Investment group, free-standing company or multinational? Brazilian warrant: 1909-52 (1995) Business History, 37 (1); Miller, R., (1993) Britain and Latin America in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, , London, Longman; Lanciotti, N., Empresas autónomas y grupos de inversión. Las empresas del Grupo Morrison en Rosario, Argentina (1890-1930) (2007) Investigaciones de Historia Económica, 3 (8), pp. 109-140. , Madrid; Regalsky, A., Mercados, Inversores y elites. Las inversiones francesas en la Argentina, 1880- 1914, 2002. , Buenos Aires, Eduntref; Barbero, M.I., Impacto de la inversión extranjera directa en la industria argentina en la década de 1920. Estrategias empresariales y sus efectos sobre el sector productivo local (2004) Revista CEIS, (20); Lluch, A., The investment strategies of American companies operating in Argentina, 1890-1930 Business History Review, , Forthcoming; Lanciotti, N., Foreign investments in electric utilities: A comparative analysis of Belgian and American companies in Argentina, 1890-1959 (2008) Business History Review, 82 (3). , Autumn; Regalsky, A., (1986) Las Inversiones Extranjeras en la Argentina (1860-1914), , For a general analysis of foreign investments in Argentina, Buenos Aires, CEAL; Barbero, M.I., Regalsky, A., Las inversiones extranjeras y el comercio exterior (2002) Nueva Historia de la Nación Argentina, 9. , Buenos Aires, Planeta; See Appendix for more information on the data base and the methodology of data collection; Regalsky, A., Las inversiones extranjeras y el comercio exterior (2002) Mercados, Inversores y Elites, 9, pp. 69-85. , Investment in Argentina represented a huge share of Great Britain's total overseas investment during that period. In 1890, investment in Argentina accounted for 37% of Great Britain's investments in Latin America; Regalsky, A., (2002) Mercados, Inversores y Elites, 9, pp. 86-90; Las inversiones extranjeras y el comercio exterior (2002) Foreign capital in Latin America, 9, pp. 7-10. , United Nations; Regalsky, A., Las inversiones extranjeras y el comercio exterior (2002) Las Inversiones Extranjeras en la Argentina ⋯, 9, p. 51; Las inversiones extranjeras y el comercio exterior (2002) Foreign Capital in Latin America, 9, p. 7. , United Nations; Mikesell, R., (1955) Foreign investments in Latin America, , Washington, Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, Pan American Union; Grosse, R., (1989) Multinationals in Latin America, p. 10. , London-New York, Routledge; Diaz Alejandro, C., (1970) Essays on the Economic History of the Argentine Republic, p. 98. , New Haven, Yale University Press; Della Paolera, G., Taylor, A., Economic recovery from the Argentine great depression: Institutions, expectations, and the change of macroeconomic regime (1999) The Journal of Economic History, 59 (3), pp. 567-599; O'Connell, A., Argentina into the depression: Problems of an open economy (1984) Latin America in the 1930s: The Role of the Periphery in World Crisis, , R. Thorp (ed.), London, Macmillan in association with St. Antony's College; Jorge, E., (1971) Industria y Concentración Económica, , Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI Editores; Jorge, E., (1955) Industria y Concentración Económica, p. 40. , US Report; Belini, C., Reestructurando el estado industrial: El caso de la privatización de DiNIE, 1955-1962 (2006) Desarrollo Económico, 81 (1), pp. 89-116. , April-June; Gatto, F., Kosacoff, B., (1984) Inversiones Extranjeras en América Latina: Política Económica, Decisiones de Inversión y Comportamiento Económico de las Filiales, , For the period after 1950s, see, Buenos Aires, Instituto para la Integración de América Latina, Inter American Development Bank; (1959) El Desarrollo Económico de la Argentina, , United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America, México, CEPAL; Tafunell, X., Carreras, A., Capital goods imports and investments in Latin America in the mid 1920s (2005) Working Paper 873, , Recent research focused on the foreign trade data of the importing countries and of the major exporting countries would probably contribute to review the estimations of foreign capital in Latin America in the near future, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, June; Maddison, A., La economía mundial, 1820-1992. Análisis y Estadísticas, 1997, p. 27. , Madrid, OCDE; Gerchunoff, P., Rocchi, F., Rossi, G., (2008) Desorden y Progreso. Las Crisis Económicas Argentinas 1870-1905, , For the crisis of 1890, Buenos Aires, Edhasa; Della Paolera, G., Taylor, A., (2001) Straining at the Anchor: The Argentine Currency Board and the Search for Macroeconomic Stability 1880-1935, , Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Cortés Conde, R., (1989) Dinero, Deuda y Crisis. Evolución Fiscal y Monetaria en la Argentina 1862-1890, , Buenos Aires, Sudamericana; (1989) El Desarrollo Económico de la Argentina, p. 256. , These data corroborate the conclusions outlined by ECLA: other nations' investments increased relatively more than those from the U.K. in 1900-1909. United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America; Villanueva, J., El origen de la industrialización argentina (1972) Desarrollo Económico, 47, pp. 451-476. , October-December; Weil, F., (1944) Argentine Riddle, pp. 119-121. , New York, The John Day Company; Halperin Donghi, T., (1999) Vida y Muerte de la República Verdadera, pp. 253-257. , Buenos Aires, Ariel; Jones, G., Nationality and Multinationals in Historical Perspective, , For the ambiguous relationship between multinationals and nationality, see, Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 06-052, 2006; Memoria Año 1937, 1938, pp. 134-151. , For example, in 1937 the government authorized 87 Argentine incorporated companies and only 6 foreign ones. Ministerio de Justicia e Instrucción Pública de la Nación, Departamento de Justicia, Buenos Aires, Talleres Gráficos de la Penitenciaria Nacional; Miller, R., (2006) British Firms and Populist Nationalism in Post-War Latin America, , This strategy was based on good long-term prospects; and most importantly, as Miller mentioned, on the absence of expropriation threats over the manufacturing companies assets, paper presented at the XIV International Economic History Congress, Helsinki, Finland; Barbero, M.I., Grupos empresarios, intercambio comercial e inversiones italianas en la Argentina. El caso de Pirelli (1910-1920) (1990) Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos, pp. 267-340. , Italian entrepreneurs had been the main promoters of Argentinean industry since the beginning, 15-16; Scarzanella, E., Industriales y comerciantes italianos en Argentina: El apoyo al fascismo, 1922-1955 (2004) Revista Ciclos XIV, 28, pp. 143-154; Mato Daniel, D., Colman, M., Características y Análisis Histórico de las Inversiones Extranjeras en la Argentina 1930-1973, 1974, p. 29. , Buenos Aires, Editorial El Coloquio; Barjot, D., Le tout à l'exportation: Hildevert Hersent et ses fils (1860-1913) La Grande Entreprise Française de Travaux Publics (1883-1974), (2006), pp. 171-179. , D. Barjot, Paris, Economica; The Bank of London and South America Ltd., the London & River Plate Bank, and the London & Brazilian Bank arrived in 1862 the British Bank of South America in 1863 and the Anglo South American Bank n 1888; Jones, G., (1993) British Multinational Banking 1830-1990, p. 68. , Oxford, Clarendon Press, 97; Regalsky, A., Banking, trade and the rise of capitalism in Argentina 1850-1930 Banking, Trade and Industry: Europe, America and Asia from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century, 1997, pp. 370-375. , A. Teichova et al. (eds.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Regalsky, A., La evolución de la banca privada nacional en Argentina (1880-1914). Una introducción a su estudio (1995) La formación de los Bancos Centrales en España y América Latina (Siglos XIX y XX), 2, pp. 35-59. , P. Tedde and C. Marichal (eds.), Madrid, Banco de España; Banco Hipotecario Franco Argentino (1905), Banco de la Unión de Francia y de la Argentina (1912) and Banco Francés Italiano para la América del Sud (1914); From Belgium: Sociedad Hipotecaria Belga Americana (1899), Crédit Foncier Sud-Américain (1903), Sociétecute; Fonciecute;re Belge-Argentine (1911), Banco Inmobiliario Hipotecario Argentino (1913), Banco Italo - Belga (1914), Sociecute;tecute; Sud-Amecute;ricaine H. W. Ackermans et Van Haaren (1920), Banque Belge de Prêts Fonciers (1921). From Germany: Banco Alemacute;n Transatlacute;ntico (1893) and Banco Germacute;nico de Ameríca del Sud (1906); Young, G., British overseas banking in Latin America and the encroachment of German competition, 1887-1914 (1991) Albion: Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 23 (1), pp. 75-99. , For a comparative analysis of British and German Banks in Latin America, see; Casson, M., Institutional Diversity in Overseas Enterprise ⋯, pp. 95-99. , art. cit; Conversely, German companies operated differently. They were organized as conventional multinationals, and their overseas operations were financed by the German investment banks or by holding companies with controlling interests in the investment banks; Lanciotti, N., De Rentistas a Empresarios. Inversión Inmobiliaria y Urbanización en la Pampa Argentina. Rosario 1880-1914, , Centro de Publicaciones, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe (forthcoming); (1919) The Economic Development of the Argentine Republic in the Last Fifty Years, p. 242. , E. Tornquist & Co. Ltd., Buenos Aires, Ernesto Tornquist & Co; Regalky, A., (1919) Mercados, Inversores y Elites, p. 428; River Plate Fresh Meat Co Ltd. (1882); Argentine Meat Preserving Company (1889); British and Argentine Meat Co., and Liebig's Extract of Meat Co. (1893); The Smithfield and Argentine Meat Company Ltd. and The La Plata Cold Storage Company Ltd. (1903); The Pa agonia Meat Preserving Co. Ltd. (1904); The New Patagonia Meat and Cold Storage Co. Ltd (1910); English and Dutch Meat Co. (1923); The River Plate British and Continental Meat Co. (1925); Armour, Hanson, M.S., (1938) Argentine Meat and the British Market. Chapters in the History of the Argentine Meat Industry, p. 149. , The National Packing Company was a merger of Swift, Morris and Armour. When the company was dissolved in 1912 to avoid a civil suit, Swift withdrew from La Blanca and it became a property of, Stanford, Stanford University Press; Mayer, R., The origins of the American banking empire in Latin America: Frank A. Vanderlip and the national city bank (1973) Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 15 (1), pp. 60-76. , February; Villanueva, J., El Origen de la Industrialización Argentina, pp. 450-476. , art. cit; Barbero, M.I., Rocchi, F., Industry and industrialization in Argentina in the long run: From its origins to the 1970's (2003) The New Economic History of Argentina, , G. Della Paolera and A. Taylor (eds.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Barbero, M.I., Argentina: Industrial growth and enterprise organization, 1880s-1980s (1997) Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, pp. 378-379. , A. D. Chandler Jr., F. Amatori and T. Hikino (eds.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Olivares, J.V., (2007) Antes de la "Reconquista": Las Empresas y los Empresarios Españoles en América Latina, 1870-1980, , paper presented at Congreso de la Asociación de Estudios de América Latina, Montréal, Canada, 5th-8th September; Moya, J., Cousins and strangers: Spanish immigrantsin Buenos Aires, 1850-1930, 1998. , There were more Spaniards in the city of Buenos Aires than in any other city in the world, except Madrid and Barcelona, Berkeley, University of California Press; Labastille, F.M., Methods of extending credit facilities for the export of automobiles (1932) The American Economic Review, 22 (2), pp. 208-218. , These firms included General Motors Acceptance Corporation (the wholly owned financial services arm of General Motors); Commercial Investment Trust Company; Industrial Acceptance Co. of SA; Baker, Kellogg and Co.; Motors Dealers Credit Co. of SA; and KemsleyMillbourn and Co. General Motors Acceptance Corporation opened its branch in Argentina in 1928, only three years after it opened its first subsidiary in Europe, June; Lluch, A., (2006) Redes y Empresas en la Comercialización de Bienes de Consumo Importados en la Argentina 1900-1940, , Also see, paper presented at the XIV International Economic History Congress, Helsinki, Finland; Lanciotti, N., Empresas Autónomas y Grupos de Inversión⋯, pp. 109-140. , art. cit; Randall, L., (1978) An Economic History of Argentina in the Twentieth Century, p. 198. , New York, Columbia University Press; Gadano, N., (2006) Historia del Petróleo en la Argentina. 1907-1955: Desde los Inicios Hasta la Caída de Perón, Buenos Aires, Edhasa; Wilkins, M., (2006) The maturing of multinational enterprise ⋯, p. 223. , Private oil companies began to import oil and dump it on the Argentine market, hoping to drive YPF out ofbusiness by a price war. See more about these issues in; Wythe, G., (1949) Industry in Latin America, p. 92. , New York, Columbia University Press; Wythe, G., (1955) Industry in Latin America, p. 39. , US Report; Wythe, G., (1955) Industry in Latin America, p. 39. , US Report; Lanciotti, N., Foreign Investments in Electric Utilities: A Comparative Analysis ⋯, , art. cit; Lanciotti, N., (1955) Foreign Investments in Electric Utilities: A Comparative Analysis ⋯, p. 38. , UN Report; Lanciotti, N., (1955) Foreign Investments in Electric Utilities: A Comparative Analysis ⋯, p. 28. , UN Report; (1910) Monitor de Sociedades Anónimas, V, 9, p. 51; Dickens, P., (1930) American Direct Investments in Foreign Countries 1929, (731). , Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Trade information bulletin},
correspondence_address1={Lanciotti, N.; Department of economic history and the history of economic thought, Argentina},
publisher={Editions ESKA},
issn={11612770},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Entrep. Hist.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Law200935,
author={Law, K.-Y.},
title={The portrayal of Chinese top party-state leaders in the American mainstream news media, 1978-2008: Thirty years of reform have not changed China yet?},
journal={China Report},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={35-51},
doi={10.1177/000944550904500104},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70450186974&doi=10.1177%2f000944550904500104&partnerID=40&md5=0bb85942043574d051e7343bb9e1d67e},
affiliation={Department of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong},
abstract={The three decades of "world-shaking" reform and the opening up are believed to have brought enormous changes to China. Today, few can deny China's crucial position in the global economy. However, aside from the obvious economic changes, it is uncertain whether the previously mysterious, untouchable and reclusive China thoroughly reformed itself from the demonized character during the globalization trend and years after the Cold War. Today, when 'national image becomes an important part in soft power competition among countries and a very significant strategic issue China faces in the development process', this article aims at examining the scope and specific 'frames' that American mainstream news media use to report on China's party-state leaders over the past 3 decades. Through the contents analysis of Time and Newsweek, the study finds that the image of China's party-state leaders has not been drastically different under the framing. Since the judging criteria for the American mainstream news media towards political leadership has not significantly changed, they would still show certain disapprovals to the political aspects of China not change at all even after thirty years reform. © Sage Publication 2009.},
keywords={global economy;  globalization;  leadership;  media role;  party politics;  political history;  political reform, Asia;  China;  Eurasia;  Far East;  North America;  United States},
references={Baum, R., (1994) Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping, , (Princeton: Princeton University Press); Brahm, L., (2002) Zhu Rongji & the Transformation of Modern China, , (Singapore: John Wiley & Sons); Busher, A., 'Framing Hillary Clinton: A Content Analysis of the New York Times News Coverage of the 2000 New York Senate Election' (2006), MA Thesis, The College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University; Callahan, W., 'National Insecurities: Humiliation, Salvation and Chinese Nationalism' (2004) Alternatives, 29 (2), pp. 199-218; Cassara, C., 'U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Human Right in Latin America, 1975-82: Exploring Carter's Agenda-Building Influence' (1996) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 75 (3), pp. 478-486; Chang, T.K., (1993) The Press and China Policy: The Illusion of Sino-American Relation, 1950-84, , (NJ: Ablex); Chen, F., 'Zhuanxing zhengyi yu Taiwan lishi' (2007) Sixiang, 5 (5), pp. 83-94. , Taibei; Cohen, B., (1963) The Press and Foreign Policy, , (NJ: Princeton University Press); Colley, L., 'What is Imperial History Now?' (2002) What Is History Now?, pp. 132-147. , in David Cannadine (Ed.) (New York: Palgrave Macmillan); Diamond, E., (1982) Sign Off: The Last Day of Television, , (MA: MIT Press); Dickson, B., 'Beijing's Ambivalent Reformers' (2007) China: Contemporary Political, Economic, and International Affairs, pp. 114-126. , in David B.H. Denoon (Ed.) (NY: New York University Press); Fewsmith, J., (2001) Elite Politics in Contemporary China, , (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe); Gans, H., (1980) Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time, , (New York: Vintage Books); (1997) Jiushi Niandai, (326), p. 50. , (a news magazine in Hong Kong), March 1995; King, P.T., 'The Press, Candidate Images, and Voter Perceptions' (1997) Communication and Democracy: Exploring the Intellectual Frontiers in Agenda-Setting Theory, pp. 85-98. , in M. McCombs, D.L. Shaw and D. Weaver (Eds) (NJ: Erlbaum); Yizheng, L., (2001) Zhongguo: Lian Yizheng Wenji, I, , (Xiang gang: Tianchuang chuban); Liu, M., (2007) Dangdai Zhongguo Guojia Xingxiang Dingwei Yu Chuanbo, , (Beijing: Waiwen chubanshe); Luo, J., Rong, Q., 'Xifang yulun gaodu pingjia Deng Xiaoping?' (1997) Ming Pao Yuekan, , Xianggang, April; Malici, A., Malici, J., 'The Operational Codes of Fidel Castro and Kim Il Sung: The Last Cold Warriors' (2005) Political Psychology, 26 (3), pp. 387-412; McCombs, M., Estrada, G., 'The News Media and the Pictures in our Heads' (1997) Do the Media Govern? Politician, Voters, and Reporters in America, pp. 237-247. , in S. Iyengar and R. Reeves (Eds) (CA: Sage); McCombs, M., Reynolds, A., 'News Influence on our Pictures of the World' (2002) Media Effects: Advance in Theory and Research, pp. 1-18. , in J. Bryants and D. Zillmann (Eds) (NJ: Erlhaum); (2004) Who Rules America? A Research Report, , National Vanguard Books (West Virginia: National Vanguard Books Inc); 'If Hua Is Out, Then Hu's on First' (1980) Newsweek, p. 53. , 22 December; 'A return to Maoist practices?' (1985) Newsweek, p. 46. , 8 April; 'In China, Hu May Follow Hu' (1985) Newsweek, p. 15. , 2 September; 'China Puts on the Brakes' (1989) Newsweek, p. 33. , 3 April; 'A New Emperor Ascendant?' (1995) Newsweek, p. 35. , 22 May; 'Rethinking Tiananmen' (1997), p. 39. , 10 March; 'China's Man of Mystery' (1999) Newsweek, p. 20. , 24 May; 'Palace Intrigues' (2000), p. 32. , 13 March; 'The Man in Jiang's Shadow' (2002), p. 32. , 6 May; 'China's Changing of the Guard' (2002) Newsweek, p. 30. , 21 October; 'The People's Technocrat' (2003) Newsweek, p. 34. , 17 March; 'Party Politics: Will the Real Hu Jintao Please Step Forward?' (2003) Newsweek', p. 34. , 29 September; 'Beijing prepares for Battle' (2006) Newsweek, pp. 28-32. , 9 October; 'Beijing Battle' (2006) Newsweek, p. 33. , 9 October; 'The Politics of Practical Nostalgia' (2008) Newsweek, pp. 35-37. , 7 April; 'China's Tear' (2008) Newsweek, pp. 20-23. , 26 May; O'Hefferman, P., 'Mass Media and U.S. Foreign Policy: A Mutual Exploitation Model of Media Influence in U.S. Foreign Policy' (1993) Media and Public Policy, pp. 1-18. , in R.J. Spitzer (Ed.) (CT: Praeger); Pan, P.-L., 'U.S. News Coverage of New Leaders in China: An Investigation of Agenda-Setting Abilities of U.S. Newspapers and Government' (2008) China Media Research, 4 (1), pp. 29-35; Schell, O., 'China's Agony of Defeat' (2008) Newsweek, pp. 23-24. , 26 July; Spitzer, R.J., 'Defining the Media-Policy Link' (1993) Media and Public Policy, pp. 187-211. , in R.J. Spitzer (Ed.) (CT: Praeger); 'Can This Man Fix China?' (1998) Time, p. 38. , 16 March; 'Zhu's Leap Forward' (1998) Time, p. 18. , 16 March; 'Why Are We Unloved?' (1999) Time, p. 41. , 12 April; 'Zhu Rongji's Year of Living Dangerously' (1999) Time, p. 40. , 12 April; 'The Imperial Dragon' (1999) Time, p. 45. , 29 November; 'The Son of Heaven?' (1999) Time, p. 14. , 29 November; 'Advice for Jiang from the Image Doctors' (1999) Time, p. 16. , 29 November; 'Chinese Kremlinology: Will Jiang go?' (2002) Time, p. 16. , 16 September; 'Requiem for Reform' (2005) Time, p. 36. , 31 January; Man to See' (2007) Time, p. 48. , 15 October; 'China's Mr Pragmatic Gets to Work' (2006) Time, p. 39. , 08 May; 'China's Big Chill' (2008) Time, pp. 30-33. , 11 February; 'Hu Jintao' (2008) Time, p. 33. , 12 May; 'Heartbreak in China' (2008) Time, pp. 20-29. , 26 May; 'China Stands Up' (2008) Time, pp. 16-21. , 2 June; Valenzhela, S., Correa, T., 'Madam or Mr President? Chile's Michelle Bachelet (2006) The School of Journalism, pp. 1-41. , Press Coverage and Public Perception', Occasional paper published by University of Texas, Austin; Wang, M., (2007) Xifang Zuowei Tazhe - Lun Zhongguo 'xifang Xue' De Puxi Yu Yiyi, , (Beijing: Shijie tushu chuban gongsi); Wehrfritz, G., Adams, J., 'The Politics of Practical Nostalgia' (2008) Newsweek, , 7 April; (2007) Hu Jintao Zhengquan Zhi Xu Yu Bian Lunwen Ji, , Yang, Kaihuang (Ed.) (Taibei: Wenjintang shuju); Xiyuan, Z., (2003) Diguo De Huiji: Niuyue Shibao Wan Qing Guancha Ji, , (Taibei: Yuan liu chuban shiye gufen youxian gongsi); Zheng, Y., (2004) Hu Wen Xinzheng: Zhongguo Biange De Xin Dongle, , (Xinjiapo: Ba Fang wenhua chuangzuo shi)},
correspondence_address1={Law, K.-Y.; Department of Social Sciences, , Hong Kong, Hong Kong; email: kamyee@ied.edu.hk},
publisher={Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd},
issn={00094455},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={China Rep.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Miller20091210,
author={Miller, R.},
title={An introduction to this special section: Hydrogeophysics},
journal={Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)},
year={2009},
volume={28},
number={10},
pages={1210},
doi={10.1190/1.3249776},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350325147&doi=10.1190%2f1.3249776&partnerID=40&md5=197627614499b38f806355583860be13},
affiliation={Kansas Geological Survey, Wichita, KS, United States},
abstract={Water is obviously essential for human survival. Energy, in one form or another, is critical to all life and necessary to the current and future world economy. There are renewable and nonrenewable forms of both water and energy. Energy is or has been the focus of much debate, research, exploration, regulation, and incentives. Similarly, potable water is globally explored for, commonly regulated and monitored, treated/ refined, and throughout human history has been the catalyst for and spoils of more than one war. © 2009 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.},
keywords={drinking water;  global economy;  nature-society relations;  nonrenewable resource;  renewable resource},
correspondence_address1={Miller, R.; Kansas Geological Survey, Wichita, KS, United States},
publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists},
issn={1070485X},
coden={LEEDF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Leading Edge},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Guillén200923,
author={Guillén, M.F. and Garcia-Canal, E.},
title={The American model of the multinational firm and the "new" multinationals from emerging economies},
journal={Academy of Management Perspectives},
year={2009},
volume={23},
number={2},
pages={23-35},
doi={10.5465/AMP.2009.39985538},
note={cited By 530},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67650476636&doi=10.5465%2fAMP.2009.39985538&partnerID=40&md5=717d0aba94df0da3fc613867d539db2b},
affiliation={Department of International Management, Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, United States; Department of of Management, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain},
abstract={The traditional American model of multinational enterprise (MNE), characterized by foreign direct investment (FDI) aimed at exploiting firm-specific capabilities developed at home and a gradual country- by-country approach of internationalization, dominated the global economy during much of the post- World War II period. In the last two decades, however, new MNEs from emerging, upper-middle-income, or oil-rich countries have followed completely different patterns of international expansion. In this paper we analyze the processes through which these firms became MNEs and to what extent we need a new theory to explain their international growth.},
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Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Yiu, D.W., Lau, C.M., Bruton, G.D., International venturing by emerging economy firms: The effects of firm capabilities, home country networks, and corporate entrepreneurship (2007) Journal of International Business Studies, 38, pp. 519-540; Zollo, M., Singh, H., Deliberate learning in corporate acquisitions: Post-acquisition strategies and integration capability in U.S. bank mergers (2004) Strategic Management Journal, 25, pp. 1233-1256},
correspondence_address1={Guillén, M. F.; Department of International Management, United States; email: guillen@wharton.upenn.edu},
publisher={Academy of Management},
issn={15589080},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Acad. Manage. Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Duesterberg200914,
author={Duesterberg, T.J.},
title={Bridging the divide between wall street and main street},
journal={Industry Week},
year={2009},
volume={258},
number={1},
pages={14},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58549092791&partnerID=40&md5=3f851a2a599962638ff83c6ca601ec91},
affiliation={Manufacturers Alliance, MAPI; Education and Business Research Organization, Arlington, VA, United States},
abstract={The new US political establishment of Barack Obama has reacted quickly and massively to the biggest ever financial crisis since World War II, and is also positively considering developments main street manufacturing sector. The newly elected government maintains that the plight of the US manufacturing sector can be improved by use of efficient, innovative, high-tech, and highly responsive resources. Many of the problems faced by manufacturers in their constant struggle to remain competitive in a global economy are due to regulation and other structural costs. The most important structural cost disadvantage is the high corporate tax rates in the US, while lowering taxes would have a budgetary impact. Helping the manufacturing sector lends itself to a simpler and more coherent strategy, employing forbearance in regulation and increasing the incentives for success by lowering its price through reduced reduction taxation.},
correspondence_address1={Duesterberg, T. J.; Manufacturers Alliance, },
issn={00390895},
coden={IWEEA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ind Week},
document_type={Short Survey},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Uluorta20081,
author={Uluorta, H.M.},
title={The social economy: Working alternatives in a globalizing era},
journal={The Social Economy: Working Alternatives in a Globalizing Era},
year={2008},
pages={1-242},
doi={10.4324/9780203884300},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909646065&doi=10.4324%2f9780203884300&partnerID=40&md5=b8452156ae245dd754878f46eeae77c8},
affiliation={Stanford University's Center on Ethics, United States},
abstract={Critically examining economic developments within the last sixty years, this book argues that a crisis in global social reproduction is altering existing understandings of work, labour and the economy. The author of this original volume, Hasmet M. Uluorta, contends that the crisis in the global economy is triggering a potential paradigm shift from one defined under the rubric of Employment to an alternative theorized as Work. Discussing the Employment paradigm that formed the dominant mode of development after the Second World War through to the 1970s, the author considers the economic and political forces that resulted in its eventual decline. Focusing on already existing practices of organizations and workers in Toronto, Canada, the book goes on to consider the shift to Work and the consequent rise in the social economy which has broken down conventional categories of work and leisure. The author concludes that the social economy presents fundamental challenges to understandings that underpinned the previous economic order. Building on insights from a range of disciplines, The Social Economy will be of interest to students and scholars of international political economy, international relations, labour studies, sociology, and globalization studies. © 2009 Hasmet M. Uluorta. All rights reserved.},
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(2001) Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2 (2), pp. 125-133},
correspondence_address1={Uluorta, H.M.; Stanford University's Center on EthicsUnited States},
publisher={Routledge Taylor & Francis Group},
isbn={0203884302; 9780203884300},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Soc. Econ.: Work. Altern. in a Glob. Era},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Thu-Huong20081,
author={Thu-Huong, N.V.},
title={The Ironies of freedom: Sex, culture, and neoliberal governance in Vietnam},
journal={The Ironies of Freedom: Sex, Culture, and Neoliberal Governance in Vietnam},
year={2008},
pages={1-336},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903494727&partnerID=40&md5=1dc49ce56ff886b1ead2dc184ab208ef},
affiliation={University of California, Los Angeles, United States},
abstract={In the late 1980s, Vietnam joined the global economy after decades of war and relative isolation, demonstrating how a former socialist government can adapt to global market forces with their neoliberal emphasis on freedom of choice for entrepreneurs and consumers. The Ironies of Freedom examines an aspect of this new market: commercial sex. © 2008 by University of Washington Press. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Thu-Huong, N.V.; University of California, Los Angeles, United States},
publisher={University of Washington Press},
isbn={9780295988504},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Ironies of Freedom: Sex, Culture, and Neoliberal Governance in Vietnam},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Wiley20081,
author={Wiley, J.},
title={The banana: Empires, trade wars, and globalization},
journal={The Banana: Empires, Trade Wars, and Globalization},
year={2008},
pages={1-278},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900632109&partnerID=40&md5=3e7ae2606e5c6eae179e47b939997ead},
abstract={The banana is the world's most important fresh fruit commodity. Little more than a century old, the global banana industry began in the late 1880s as a result of technological advances such as refrigerated shipping, which facilitated the transportation of this highly perishable good to distant markets. Since its inception the banana industry has been fraught with controversy, exhibiting many of the issues underlying the basic global economic relations that first emerged in the era of European colonialism. Perhaps more than any other agricultural product, the banana reflects the evolution of the world economy. At each stage changes in the global economy manifested themselves in the economic geography of banana production and trade. This remains true today as neoliberal imperatives drive the globalization process and mandate freer trade, influencing the patterns of the transatlantic banana trade. The Banana demystifies the banana trade and its path toward globalization. It reviews interregional relationships in the industry and the changing institutional framework governing global trade and assesses the roles of such major players as the European Union and the World Trade Organization. It also analyzes the forces driving today's economy, such as the competitiveness imperative, diversification processes, and niche market strategies. Its final chapter suggests how the outcome of the recent banana war will affect bananas and trade in other commodities sectors as well. The Banana belies the common perception of globalization as a monolithic and irresistible force and reveals instead various efforts to resist or modify the process at local and national levels. Nevertheless, the banana does represent another step toward a globalized and industrialized agricultural economy. © 2008 University of Nebraska Press. All rights reserved.},
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Boulder co: Lynne Rienner Publishers; EU Report on Banana War Options Highlights Complexity of Dispute (1999), Journal of Commerce., May 28; Kantor, M., Letter to The Honorable Sir Leon Brittan, Commissioner of the European Community (1995), Washington DC: USTR, January 9; Kepner, C.D., Social Aspects of the Banana Industry (1936), New York: Columbia University Press; Kepner, C.D., Soothill, J., The Banana Empire: A Case Study of Economic Imperialism (1935), New York: Vanguard Press; Lamy, P., The Commission and the US Administration Have Agreed on a Solution to the Banana Dispute (2001), Statement issued in Brussels, Belgium, April 11; Nicas a merced de contratistas (1994), La Nación (San José́, Costa Rica), January 17; País frena a ilegales (1994), Kepner, Charles D, January 18; Langley, L.D., Schoonover, T., The Banana Men: American Mercenaries and Entrepreneurs in Central America, 1880-1930 (1995), Lexington: University of Kentucky Press; Marie, J.M., Agricultural Diversification in a Small Economy-The Case for Dominica (1979), Cave Hill, Barbados: University of West Indies Institute of Social and Economic Research; McMahon, J.A., The EC Banana Regime, the WTO Rulings, and the ACP: Fighting for Economic Survival? (1998) Journal of World Trade, 32 (4), pp. 101-114; Moberg, M., Myths of Ethnicity and Nation: Immigration, Work, and Identity in the Belize Banana Industry (1997), Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press; Banana Exports from the Caribbean since 1992 (2003), National Economic Research Institute (NERA)., London: NERA; An Attempt to Overturn Banana Protocol (1994), New Chronicle (Roseau, Dominica), December 2; Caribbean Calls for Approval of GATT Waiver (1994), New Chronicle (Roseau, Dominica), December 2; Newsome, J., Wilson, J., Latin American Banana Growers Hail WTO Ruling (1999), London: Reuters EU Briefing, April 9; Memoria Annual (1975), Oficina Nacional del Banano., Panama City, Panama: Ministerio de Comercio e Industria; Sectoral Study of Transnational Enterprise in Latin America: The Banana Industry (1975), Organization of American States (OAS)., Panama City, Panama: OAS Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs and the Oficina Nacional del Banano; Paredes, V., Significatión de los productores y exportadores nacionales de banano en América Latina (1976), Paper presented at the con{reversed not sign}ference " Politicas de defensa de los productos de agricultura tropical: Problemas de la productión y comercializacion del banano, la UPEB, y el comercio mundial." Comayaguena, Honduras, April; Parsons, J., Bananas in Ecuador: A New Chapter in the History of Tropical Agriculture (1957) Economic Geography, 33 (3), pp. 201-216; Perillo, R., Banana Workers and Transnationals: An Industry in Crisis (2000), Chicago: U.S./Labor Education in the Americas Project; Peter, E.R., Limited Survey of the Banana Industry in the United Kingdom (1982), Belize City, Belize: Government of Belize; Petersmann, E.-U., The WTO Panel and Arbitration Reports on the EC Banana Regime (1999) Bridges, 3 (3), pp. 3-4; Belgium Backs Germany in EC Banana Deal Challenge (1993), Reuters, June 11; Petersmann, E.-U., EC Set to Clamp Down on Banana Imports as Germany Loses Case (1993), June 29; Petersmann, E.-U., France Says Banana Ruling Good for Caribbean (1993), June 30; Petersmann, E.-U., GATT Sets Up Panel on New EC Banana Regime (1993), June 16; Petersmann, E.-U., Germany Challenges New EC Banana Regulations (1993), May 17; The U.S./E.U. Banana Dispute: Unilateral U.S. Retaliation Not in Line with WTO Rules and Politically Unwise, Sir Leon Brittan Says (1998), Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich., November 10; Petersmann, E.-U., European Exporters Confused by War of Words (1999), April 8; Reynolds, P.K., The Banana, Its History, Cultivation, and Place among Staple Foods (1927), New York: Houghton Mifflin; Sandiford, W., On the Brink of Decline: Bananas in the Windward Islands (2000), St. Georges, Grenada: Fedon Books; Commission Proposes Solution to End Banana Dispute (2000), Secretaria Tecnica Conjunta, Brussels, Belgium: IICA/FAO, October 4; U.S. Rejects New Commission Banana Proposal in Advance of Council (2000), Secretaria Tecnica Conjunta, Brussels, Belgium: IICA/FAO, October 6; Shoman, A., Review of the Banana Industry in Belize (1987), Paper pre{reversed not sign}sented to the Seminario Internacional A-14: La Economia Bananera y las Organizaciones de los Trabajadores en la Decada de los 80 en America Latina. Santa Barbara, Heredia, Costa Rica; About Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (2000), siDSNet., United Nations Division for Sustainable Development; Siebert, H., What Does Globalization Mean for the World Trading System? (2000) From GATT to the WTO: The Multilateral Trading System in the New Millennium, , In, Prepared by the WTO Secretariat. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International; Sierra, D.M., Urubá: Banano y Bienestar Social (1986), Paper pre{reversed not sign}sented to the First Banana Congress, Medellín, Colombia, November 20; Sizer, N., Rice, R., Backs to the Wall in Suriname: Forest Policy in a Country in Crisis (1995), Washington DC: World Resources Institute; Soto Ballestero, M., Bananos: Cultivo y comercializacion (1992), San José, Costa Rica: Litografia e Imprenta; Banana: Executive Brief (2006), http://agritrade.cta.int/en/content/view/full/1266, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, ACP-EU., Agritrade, July 9; Limon Banana Farms Face Labor Charges (1993), Tico Times (San José, Costa Rica)., March 19; Thomson, R., Green Gold: Bananas and Dependency in the Eastern Caribbean (1987), London: Latin American Bureau; Thrupp, L.A., Bittersweet Harvests for Global Supermarkets: Challenges in Latin America's Agricultural Export Boom (1995), Washington DC: World Resources Institute; Trouillot, M.-R., Peasants and Capital: Dominica in the World Economy (1988), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Convenio Constitutivo de la Union de los Paises Exportadores de Banano (1974), Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB)., Panama City, Panama: UPEB; La Actividad Bananera 1992 (1993), (95). , Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB), In Informe UPEB, Panama City, Panama: UPEB; La Batalla en el GATT por la libertad del comercio del banano (1993) Informe UPEB, (95). , Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB), In, Panama City, Panama: UPEB; EU-US Banana Agreement a Reprieve for Most Workers, Puts Impending Dole Campaign on Hold (2001), U.S./Labor Education in the Americas Project (US/LEAP)., Chicago: US/LEAP; Analysis of January 17, 1994 GATT Panel Ruling Against EU Common Organization of the Banana Market (1994), U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), Washington DC: USTR; USTR Announces Final Product List in Bananas Dispute (1999), Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB), Washington DC: USTR, April 9; WTO Authorizes U.S. to Retaliate in Banana Dispute (1999), Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB), Washington DC: USTR, April 20; U.S. Government and European Commission reach Agreement to Resolve Long-standing Banana Dispute (2001), Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB), Washington DC: USTR, April 11; The U.S.-EU Banana Agreement: Frequently Asked Questions (2001), Union of Banana Exporting Countries (UPEB), Washington DC: USTR, April 11; Van Sant, H., The Social and Economic Impacts of EC Banana Importation Regulations (1993), Presentation to the " South America Today" seminar, Guayaquil, Ecuador, June 30; Vix, C., Unrest in the Banana Belt: The Labour Movement of the Banderas Unidas (1996), Unpublished report prepared for the National Labor Relations Board. Belize City, Belize; Welch, B.M., Survival by Association: Supply Management Landscapes of the Eastern Caribbean (1996), Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press; Wiley, J.E., Quite Possibly the World's Most Perfect Neocolonial Fruit: The Banana Enters a New Stage (1994) International Third World Studies Journal and Review, 6 (1), pp. 65-74; Wiley, J.E., Economic Diversification in a Mini-state: Dominica in a Neoliberal Era (1998) Globalization and Neoliberalism: The Caribbean Context, , In, edited by Thomas Klak. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers; Dispute Settlement Reports 1997 (2000), 2. , World Trade Organization (WTO)., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Guide to the Uruguay Round Agreements (1999), WTO Secretariat., The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International; Alegria, D., Administrative Assistant, Direction Nacional del Banano, Ministry of Trade and Industry (2000), Panama City, Panama, Decem{reversed not sign}ber 5; Amatraesijot, S., Manager, Farm 4, Jarikaba Plantation (2001), Saramacca District, Suriname, August 22; Appleton, Z., EU Directorate General VI (1996), Brussels, Belgium, June 3; Belon, V., Economic, Commercial, Political, and Public Affairs Officer, U.S (1998), Embassy. Belize City, Belize, June 8; Benoit, O., Director, Diversification Unit, Grenada Ministry of Agriculture (1997), St. George's, Grenada, January 11; Betancourt, R., Ambassador of Ecuador to the WTO (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, January 25; Boatswain, A., General Manager, Grenada Industrial Develop{reversed not sign}ment Corporation (1997), Frequente Industrial Park, Grenada, January 9; Bouflet, J.-J., Minister-Counselor for Legal Affairs, EU Delegation to the WTO (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, January 25; Bradley, E., Moriah, J., Europe Section Specialists, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001), Paramaribo, Suriname, August 23; Brinard, P., Delegate General, European Community Banana Trade Association (1996), Brussels, Belgium, June 2; Brown, K.-A., Legal Advisor, Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, January 24; Bundel-Griffith, L., Administrative Technician, Office of the General Secretariat of the OAS (2001), Paramaribo, Suriname, August 17; Clarendon, H., General Manager, Dominica Export Import Agency (1995), (DEXIA). Roseau, Dominica, May 26; Cyrus, C., Chairman/Director of the Dominica Banana Growers Association (1995), Roseau, Dominica, May 30; Durand, T., Public Relations Officer, Dominica Banana Marketing Corporation (1996), Roseau, Dominica, March 15; Fagin, V., Proprietor, Bello, Ltd (1996), Roseau, Dominica, March 13; Flores, Z., Secretary General (1998), Belize Banana Growers Association; Stann Creek District Big Creek, Belize, June 19; Forman, A., Foreman, Big Creek Port Facility (1998), Big Creek, Stann Creek District, Belize, June 18; Garelli, S., Director, World Competitiveness Yearbook (2003), Lausanne, Switzerland, May 28; Gomez, D., Minister-Counselor and Permanent Representative of Belize to the WTO (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, January 24; Gregoire, S., Fadelle, M., General Manager and Senior Investment Promotion Officer, National Development Corporation (1996), Roseau, Dominica, March 11; Harris, C., Director of the Diversification Implementation Unit, Ministry of Finance and Development (1995), Roseau, Dominica, June 2; James, H., Chief Technical Officer for the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Tourism (1995), Roseau, Dominica, June 6; Jean-Pierre, T., Communications Assistant, St (2000), Lucia Banana Corporation. Castries, St. Lucia, May 29; Kieswetter-Alemán, A.D., Director, Direction Nacional del Banano, Ministry of Trade and Industry (2000), Panama City, Panama, November 29; Livingston-Andall, L., Renwick, G., Director and Trade-Investment Advisor, Division of Trade, Industry, and Energy, Ministry of Finance (1997), St. Georges, Grenada. January 9; Magloire-Apgar, S., Permanent Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs (1995), Roseau, Dominica, May 29; Mark, J., Acting General Manager, Grenada Banana Cooperative Society (1997), St. George's, Grenada, January 17; Martin, U., IICA Coordinator for Dominica (1995), Roseau, Dominica, May 22; Martinez, E., IICA Coordinator for Belize (1998), Belmopan, Belize, June 16; Matthews, C., Press Officer, Delegation of the European Communities (1993), New York, December 3; McDonald, F., Research Associate, Caribbean Agricultural Re{reversed not sign}search and Development Institute (CARDI) (1995), Roseau, Dominica, May 25; Montero, A., Director, Instituto Centroamericano de Asesoria Laboral (1994), San José, Costa Rica, January 27; Parham, H., Principal Agricultural Officer (Extension), Belize Ministry of Agriculture (1998), Belmopan, Belize, June 16; Reid, E., Director of Technical Services, WIBDECO (2000), Castries, St. Lucia, May 25; Reid, R., Senior Trade Economist, Belize Ministry of Trade and Industry (1998), Belmopan, Belize, June 16; Robinson, D., Chief Technical Officer, Dominica Ministry of Agriculture (1995), Roseau, Dominica, May 23; Roches, D., Programme Support Director, SPEAR (1998), Belize City Belize, June 10; Saborio Soto, R., Ambassador of Costa Rica to the WTO (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, January 24; Sahtoe, J., Acting Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Fisheries (2001), Paramaribo, Suriname, August 21; Sanchez, A., Business Advisor to Costa Rican Consulate (1993), New York, December 21; Andrew, S., Marketing Intelligence Officer, Agricultural Diversifica{reversed not sign}tion Co-ordinating Unit (ADCU) of the OECS (1995), Roseau, Dominica, May 25; Suescum, A.A., Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Panama to the WTO (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, January 23; van der Ploeg, J.L.J., Project Advisor, EU Commission Delegation in Suriname (2001), Paramaribo, Suriname, August 21; Vlijter, R., Assistant Director, Surland Company (2001), Jarikaba Plantation, Saramacca District, Suriname, August 22; Woods, V., Deputy Director of the Belize Tourism Board (1998), Belize City, Belize, June 10; Zúñiga, M., Economic Analyst, CORBANA (1994), San José, Costa Rica, January},
correspondence_address1={Wiley, J.},
publisher={University of Nebraska Press},
isbn={9780803216372},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Banana: Empires, Trade Wars, and Glob.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Yoder200842,
author={Yoder, M.S.},
title={Globalization and the evolving port landscape of Progreso},
journal={Yucatan in an Era of Globalization},
year={2008},
pages={42-68},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897291608&partnerID=40&md5=2a90fcdd87a80439417a909a77e5d86c},
affiliation={Texas A and M University, Laredo, United States},
abstract={In the contemporary era of globalization, as in earlier defining periods of capitalism, flows of money and goods are igniting dramatic changes in the local geographies of the regions and cities involved. Although the "command functions" of the new global economy are largely centered in the "world cities" of the more economically advanced core, localities throughout the global periphery and semi- periphery, including such places as the Mexican state of Yucatán and its port city of Progreso, participate in progressively stronger ways in the system, albeit from a position of relative dependence (Sassen 1994; Friedmann 1995, 21). As such, these secondary localities are increasingly reaching outward to forge economic links beyond their national boundaries, resulting in more complex connections between them and distant points of the world economic network (Amin 1995, 1-34; Knox and Agnew 1998, 259-91; Simon 1995, 133). Decreased regulation of trade and reduced restrictions on foreign direct investment are two facets of liberalization that have strongly shaped the contemporary global economy during the past three decades, thus prompting statesmen, scholars, and the media to recognize an emergent global economy, replacing the traditional international economy (Amin and Malmberg 1995; Martin 1994). In this scenario, transportation linkages, including maritime ports, foster changing inter- urban and urban- hinterland relationships. As Keeling (1995, 125-26) notes, a given set of transportation linkages of a given city can make that city more poorly connected to its own country, and increasingly linked to foreign localities. The port of Progreso, thirty- two kilometers due north of Mérida, was opened in 1870 as an alternative to the somewhat remote port settlement of Sisal, fifty kilometers northwest of Mérida. Sisal's shore was too shallow to accommodate the larger ships transporting henequen fiber abroad, and the port was difficult to access from Mérida during the rainy season (Yucatán 1988, 304; Meyer- Arendt 2001). Progreso was in pre- Columbian times a Maya fishing village and a site of salt production, part of the province of Cehpech ( Meyer- Arendt 1991). Today the city occupies a depositional barrier just offshore from the limestone shield that composes the Yucatán Peninsula, and it is separated from the mainland by a shallow, mangrove- lined lagoon ( Meyer- Arendt 2001). Given the shallow shoreline of the entire northern Yucatecan coast, Progreso has always faced logistical shipping difficulties. However, its proximity to Mérida and the periodic dynamism of the northern Yucatecan economy have made it the peninsula's primary site of maritime trade. As noted throughout this volume, the cultural and social effects of globalization in Yucatán are considerable, as the region's character is shaped largely by influences emanating from distant locations. This chapter focuses on the changing nature of imports and exports handled by the port of Progreso in recent decades, the corresponding evolution of the physical infrastructure, and the transformation of activities in the port's hinterland, as reflected in the region's human landscape. Quite simply, it argues that the port's morphology, or physical- spatial form, serves as a gauge of the changing nature of northern Yucatán's involvement in the global economy. While Progreso is arguably a dependent locality whose fortunes are linked to the fate of activities in its hinterland, it clearly is also a catalyst for Yucatán's stronger ties to the global economy. Progreso's hinterland has witnessed the recent appearance of export- oriented assembly plants, particularly in Mérida and along the emerging Progreso- Mérida manufacturing corridor, and a gradual transformation of its agricultural landscape from henequen, historically the state's primary export product, to one emphasizing a more diverse product base that includes meat production for domestic markets and specialty agricultural and seafood products for export. I trace the expansion of the port in four distinct phases since the 1870s, each corresponding to changes in northern Yucatán's external relations. Such an analysis is intended not only to shed light on the effects of globalization on northern Yucatán but also to offer suggestions for updating traditional geographic approaches to the study of developing countries' ports and their hinterlands, given the rapid transformations to localities that globalization brings about. The Yucatecan case study of port evolution and port- hinterland geography is an appropriate one for illustrating the dynamic and distinct nature of geographic change in a single locality of the global periphery, as well as how such transformations are linked to the different localities' dependent development. It also is appropriate for examining Mexico's changing geography of ports and shipping, characterized by increased volumes of imports and exports in the era of global trade deregulation, the enlargement of trading blocs, and the expansion of telecommunications into the realms of production and consumption in the country since the late twentieth century (Posadas Hernández and Martínez Luna 1999, 169-70). Moreover, this case study is one indication that there is no universal pattern of geographic change in the relationship of port and hinterland. Much can be learned from individual case studies of port cities of the global periphery. Following a brief overview of contemporary literature relevant to porthinterland geography in the global periphery, this chapter outlines the phases of Progreso's port development and the external linkages of the state that underlie each phase. First, as the Golden Age of henequen created a wellentrenched and affluent local elite in Yucatán in the late 1800s, the port was created. Second, during World War II there was a temporary recovery in henequen exports owing to disruptions in much of the world's fiber supplies; Mexican authorities therefore carried out an expansion of the port to accommodate larger ships with the hopes of attracting more of them. Third, when Mérida's industrialization expanded in the aftermath of the global oil shock of the 1970s, local businessmen and politicians optimistic about Yucatán's future maneuvered for another port expansion to handle ever- larger shipments. Fourth, in the era of maturing globalization, the Yucatecan strategy of luring foreign direct investment in manufacturing, diversifying agriculture away from traditional henequen, and attracting tourism resulted in the most recent port expansion to accommodate containerization, huge increases in grain shipments, and cruise ships to the state of Yucatán. © 2008 by University of Alabama Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Port of Progreso Internet Website, , http://www.yucatan.gob.mx/progreso; (2001) Interview with Ing. Raul Torre, , Commercial Director, Port of Progreso; 200IC. Unpublished internal port data; (2004) Port of Progreso Internet Website, , http://www.puerto-progreso.com.mx/estadistica; Christopher, A., Global economy and port morphology in belawan, indonesia (1991) Geographical Review, 81 (2), pp. 183-196; Ash, A., Anders, M., Competing structural and institutional influences on the geography of production in europe (1995) Post Fordism: A Reader, pp. 227-248. , ed. Ash Amin, Oxford: Blackwell; Barke, M., Yucatan, mexico: Dimensions of development, 1970-1980 (1987) Geography, 72 (1), pp. 64-67; Bird, J., Seaports as a subset of gateways for regions: A research survey (1980) Progress in Human Geography, 4 (3), pp. 360-370; Brannon, J., Eric, B., (1987) Agrarian Reform and Public Enterprise in Mexico: The Political Economy of Yucatan's Henequen Industry, , Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press; Brookfield, H.C., Boxes, ports, and places without ports (1984) Seaport Systems and Spatial Change, pp. 61-74. , ed. B. S. Hoyle and D. Hilling, Chichester, U.K.: Wiley; Carey James, C., (1984) The Mexican Revolution in Yucatan, pp. 1915-1924. , Boulder: Westview Press; Chardon, R., (1961) Geographic Aspects of Plantation Agriculture in Yucatan, , Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Publication 876; De La Pedraja, R., (1999) Latin American Merchant Shipping in the Age of Global Competition, , Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press; De Monie, G., (1998) Strategies for Global and Regional Ports: The Case of Caribbean Container and Cruise Ports, , Boston: Kluwer; Ferrer De M, G., Historia de las comunicaciones (1977) EnciclopediaYu-catanense, (3), pp. 507-626. , ed. C. A. Echanove Trujillo, Mérida: State of Yucatan; Friedmann, J., Where we stand: A decade of world city research (1995) World Cities in A World-System, pp. 21-47. , ed. Paul Knox and Peter Taylor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gallardo, A., El modelo neoliberal en la economia mexicana (1996) Memorias II: Simposium de Estudios Fronterizos, pp. 115-121. , ed. Salvador Corrales, Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico: Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF; Harris, N., The emerging global city: Transport (1994) Cities, 11 (5), pp. 332-336; David, H., Flexible accumulation through urbanization: Reflections on post-modernism" in the american city (1995) Post Fordism: A Reader, pp. 361-386. , ed. Ash Amin, Oxford: Blackwell; Hayuth, Y., Intermodal transportation and the hinterland concept. Tijd-schrift voor Econ (1982) En Soc. Geografie, 73 (1), pp. 13-21; Hilling, D., Hoyle, B.S., Spatial approaches to port development (1984) Seaport Systems and Spatial Change, pp. 1-19. , ed. B. S. Hoyle and D. Hilling, Chichester, U.K.: Wiley; Hoyle, B.S., Hilling, D., Seaports and development strategies (1984) Seaport Systems and Spatial Change, pp. 461-469. , ed. B. S. Hoyle and D. Hilling, Chichester, U.K.: Wiley; Hoyle, B.S., Hilling, D., (2001) Anuario EstadisticoYucatan, Edición 2001, , Aguascalientes, Mexico: INEGI; Hoyle, B.S., Hilling, D., (2006) Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (Series Anuales), , http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/default.asp?c=6284, accessed June 4, 2006; Joseph, G., Wells, A., Corporate control of a monocrop economy: International harvester and yucatan's henequen industry during the porfiriato (1982) Latin American Research Review, 17 (1), pp. 69-99; Kane, P., Progreso/mérida opens for business (2002) Cruise Guide, , http://www.cruisemates.com/articles/cruiseguide/portsofcall/Progreso.cfm; Keeling, D.F., Transport and the world city paradigm (1995) World Cities in A World-System, pp. 115-131. , ed. Paul Knox and Peter Taylor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Joe, K., Is there life after henequen? (1993) Business Mexico, 22-23. , April, Knox, Paul, andJohn Agnew. The Geography of theWorld Economy. 3rd ed. London: Arnold. 1998; David, L., Style of the times: Liberal and neo-conservative landscapes in inner vancouver (1987) Journal of Historical Geography, 13 (1), pp. 40-56; Mandel, E., (1978) Late Capitalism, , London: Verso; Martin, R., Stateless monies, global financial integration, and national economic autonomy: The end of geography? (1994) Money, Power and Space, pp. 253-278. , ed. Stuart Corbridge, Ron Martin, and Nigel Thrift, Oxford: Blackwell; Meyer-Arendt, K., Recreational Landscape Evolution along the north yucatan coast (1987) Yearbook, Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers, 13, pp. 45-50; Meyer-Arendt, K., Tourism development on the north yucatan coast: Human response to shoreline erosion and hurricanes (1991) Geojournal, 23, pp. 327-336; Posadas Hernandez, N., Luna, V.M., Importancia del transporte maritimo-portuario nacional dentro del comercio mundial (1999) Globalización y Reestructuración Territorial, pp. 169-184. , ed. Elsa Patino Tovar and Jaime Castillo Palma, Puebla, Mexico: Programa Editorial de la Red de Investigación Urbana; and Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Sassen, S., (1994) Cities in A World Economy, , Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press; Simon, D., The world city hypothesis: Reflections from the periphery (1995) World Cities in A World-System, pp. 132-155. , ed. Paul Knox and Peter Taylor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Raul, T.G., (2001), Personal communication Director of Commercial Operations, Port of Progreso; Raul, T.G., (2002), Personal communication; Wells, A., (1985) Yucatan's Guilded Age: Haciendas, Henequen, and International Harvester, pp. 1860-1915. , Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press; Wells, A., All in the family: Railroads and henequen monoculture in porfirian yucatan (1992) Hispanic American Historical Review, 72 (2), pp. 159-209; Wilson, N., (1997) Progreso Privatization Helps Yucatan Industry, p. 42. , Business Mexico, February; Wilson, N., Northeast mexico in the global economy: The contemporary urban geographies of three mid-sized cities (2000) Occasional Paper, Aldo Tatangelo Annual Lecture in the College of Arts and Humanities, , Texas A&M International University, Laredo, April i8; Wilson, N., (1988) Los Municipios DeYucatan, , Yucatan State of. Mérida: Gobierno del Estado de Yucatan; Wilson, N., (2000) Ampliación Para El Progreso, , Mérida: Gobierno del Estado de Yucatan; Wilson, N., (2001) Port Progreso, , Videotape, Government of the State of Yucatan},
correspondence_address1={Yoder, M.S.; Texas A and M University, Laredo, United States},
publisher={The University of Alabama Press},
isbn={9780817354763},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Yucatan in an Era of Globalization},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ruger2008625,
author={Ruger, J.P.},
title={World bank},
journal={International Encyclopedia of Public Health},
year={2008},
pages={625-633},
doi={10.1016/B978-012373960-5.00325-7},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884433077&doi=10.1016%2fB978-012373960-5.00325-7&partnerID=40&md5=bd62f68e763a5a782d9a7980d4447f19},
affiliation={Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States},
abstract={The World Bank began operations on June 25, 1946. Although it was established to finance European reconstruction after World War II, the bank today is a considerable force in the health, nutrition, and population (HNP) sector in developing countries. Indeed, it has evolved from having virtually no presence in global health to being the world's largest financial contributor to health-related projects, now committing more than $1 billion annually for new HNP projects. It is also one of the world's largest supporters in the fight against HIV/AIDS, with commitments of more than $1.6 billion over the past several years. I have mapped this transformation in the World Bank's role in global health, illustrating shifts in the bank's mission and financial orientation, as well as the broader changes in development theory and practice. Through a deepened understanding of the complexities of development, the World Bank now regards investments in HNP programs as fundamental to its role in the global economy. © 2008 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bretton woods institutions;  Global governance;  Global health architecture;  Health;  Health financing;  Health systems;  International financial institutions;  Nutrition;  Population;  Poverty alleviation;  World bank},
funding_details={National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health, NIH, 1K01DA01635810},
funding_details={United States Agency for International DevelopmentUnited States Agency for International Development, USAID},
funding_details={Rockefeller FoundationRockefeller Foundation},
funding_details={Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT},
funding_text 1={The author is supported in part by a Career Development Award from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grant 1K01DA01635810).},
funding_text 2={McNamara's attention then turned to nutrition, motivated in part by the International Conference on Nutrition, National Development, and Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971 and the International Nutrition Planning Program established in 1972 at the university and funded by the Rockefeller Foundation and U.S. Agency for International Development ( Kapur et al., 1997 ). In November 1970, biochemist James Lee became the bank's scientific advisor and was responsible for nutrition policy along with other areas of science ( Kapur et al., 1997 ). In his speech at the bank's 1971 annual meeting, McNamara emphasized that “malnutrition is widespread and it limits the physical, and often the mental growth of hundreds of millions and it is a major barrier to human development” ( World Bank, 2003b ). By January 1972, the World Bank report Possible Bank Actions on Malnutrition Problems led to the establishment of a bank nutrition unit. In 1973, Alan Berg's book The Nutrition Factor and a 1973 nutrition policy paper, which called for a more active role in nutrition, reinforced McNamara's support for eventual bank lending in that area ( Kapur et al., 1997 : 253–254). However, the bank did not approve its first loan for nutrition (to Brazil for $19 million) until 1976 ( World Bank, 2007f ).},
references={Abbasi, K., The World Bank and world health: Interview with Richard Feachem (1999) British Medical Journal, 318, pp. 1206-1208; Abbasi, K., The World Bank and world health: Under fire (1999) British Medical Journal, 318, pp. 1003-1006; Abramovitz, M., (1956) Resource and Output Trends in the United States Since 1870, , National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, Occasional Paper 52; Anand, S., Hanson, K., DALYs: Efficiency versus equity (1998) World Development, 26, pp. 307-310; Avramovic, D., Memorandum, Dragoslav Avramovic to George D. Woods, February 13, 1964, cited in Kapur, Lewis, and Webb (1964) The World Bank. Its First Half Century, 208; Cavanaugh, R.W., (1961) World Bank Oral History Program, 25, pp. 63-64. , interview July; Chenery, H.B., The role of industrialization in development programs (1955) American Economic Review, 45, p. 40; Cole, G.D.H., (1952) Introduction to Economic History, 1750-1950, , Macmillan, London; Currie, L., (1981) The Role of Economic Advisors in Developing Countries, , Greenwood Press, Seattle, WA; Enke, S., (1963) Economics for Development, , Dennis Dobson, London; Health, Nutrition, and Population (1997), The Human Development Network, World Bank, Washington, DC, World Bank Sector Strategy Paper; Safe Motherhood and the World Bank: Lessons From 10 Years of Experience (1999), The Human Development Network, The World Bank, Washington, DC; Johnston, B.F., Mellor, J.W., The role of agriculture in economic development (1961) American Economic Review, 51, pp. 566-593; Kapur, D., Lewis, J.P., Webb, R., The World Bank. Its First Half Century (1997) History, 1. , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; Kuznets, S., Economic growth and income equality (1955) American Economic Review, 45, pp. 1-28; Lewis, W.A., Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour (1954) Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22, pp. 131-191; Lewis, W.A., (1955) Theory of Economic Growth, , George Allen and Unwin, London; Mason, E.S., Asher, R.E., (1973) The World Bank Since Bretton Woods, , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; McNamara, R.S., To the Board of Governors, 1976, Manila, Philippines, October 4, 1976 (1981) The McNamara Years at the World Bank, 1968-1981, p. 337. , Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, R.S. McNamara (Ed.); Morris, J., (1963) The Road to Huddersfield, , Pantheon, New York; Muscat, R.J., (1990) Thailand and the United States: Development, Security, and Foreign Aid, , Columbia University Press, New York; Narayan, N., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A., Koch-schulte, S., (2000) Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us?, , Oxford University Press, New York; Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M.K., Petesch, P., (2000) Voices of the Poor: Crying Out for Change, , Oxford University Press, New York; Pastor, R.A., (1980) Congress and the Politics of U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1929-1976, , University of California Press, Berkeley, CA; (1999) Disinvesting in Health: The World Bank's Prescriptions for Health, , Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, M. 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Mills (Eds.); Sartorius, R.H., Ruttan, V.W., The Sources of the Basic Needs Mandate (1989) Journal of Developing Areas, 23, pp. 331-362; Schieber, G.J., Ruger, J.P., Klingen, N., Pierre-louis, A.M., Driss, Z.E., (1999) Morocco Health Financing Brief, , World Bank, Washington, DC, World Bank Document; Sen, A.K., (1999) Development as Freedom, , Knopf, New York; Shultz, T.W., Investment in human capital (1961) American Economic Review, 51, p. 11; Streeten, P., (1977) The Distinctive Features of a Basic Needs Approach to Development, , World Bank Policy Planning and Program Review Department, Washington, DC, Basic Needs Paper 2; Streeten, P., Burki, S.J., Ul Haq, M., (1981) First Things First: Meeting Basic Human Needs in Developing Countries, , Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Turshen, M., (1999) Privatizing Health Services in Africa, , Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ; (1989) The State of the World's Children, , UNICEF, Oxford University Press, New York; Van der Gaag, J., Barham, T., Health and health expenditures in adjusting and non-adjusting countries (1998) Social Science and Medicine, 46, pp. 995-1009; Wagstaff, A., Economics, health and development: Some ethical dilemmas facing the World Bank and the international community (2000) Journal of Medical Ethics, 27, pp. 262-267; Wolf, C., (1960) Foreign Aid: Theory and Practice in Southern Asia, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; (1953) The Economic Development of Nicaragua, , World Bank, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD; (1980) World Development Report, 1980, , World Bank, Oxford University Press, New York; (1984) World Development Report, 1984: Population and Development, , World Bank, Oxford University Press, New York; (1990) Adjustment Lending: Policies for Sustainable Growth, , World Bank, World Bank, Washington, DC; (1993) World Development Report, 1993: Investing in Health, , World Bank, Oxford University Press, New York; (2001) World Development Report, 2000-2001: Attacking Poverty, , World Bank, Oxford University Press, New York; Pages from World Bank History: Bank Pays Tribute to Robert McNamara, March 21, 2003, , http://go.worldbank.org/C5CP4J6JA0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); Pages from World Bank History: Bank's First Development Loans, May 30, 2003, , http://go.worldbank.org/3AYV8BU3O0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2003) Pages from World Bank History: Excerpts from the 1973 Annual Report, , http://go.worldbank.org/6C82W9TQ30, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2003) Pages from World Bank History: The Fight Against Riverblindness, , http://go.worldbank.org/CO9LM3GDZ0, World Bank, March 14, 2003,, (accessed November 2007); Comprehensive Development Framework, , http://www.pagePK:60447~theSitePK:140576,00.html, World Bank, (accessed March 5, 2004); International Bank Notes, June 1956 (2007) World Bank, Pages for World Bank History - Bank's 57th Birthday Retrospective, , http://go.worldbank.org/6AW2Q9DIH0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) Pages from World Bank History - Bank's 57th Birthday Retrospective, , http://go.worldbank.org/6AW2Q9DIH0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) Ten Things You Never Knew About the World Bank, , http://digitalmedia.worldbank.org/tenthings/, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) What is the World Bank?, , http://www.worldbank.org/, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1944-1949, , http://go.worldbank.org/QEKNM08HO0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1970-1979, , http://go.worldbank.org/847R4CBE80, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1980-1989, , http://go.worldbank.org/NRD66T7ZD0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007); (2007) World Bank Group Historical Chronology 1990-1999, , http://go.worldbank.org/7AT0ENILQ0, World Bank, (accessed November 2007)},
correspondence_address1={Ruger, J.P.; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States},
publisher={Elsevier Inc.},
isbn={9780123739605},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intern. Encyclopedia of Public Health},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kiss200895,
author={Kiss, A.},
title={Can war be betrayed ? Can war be just ? [Citoyens ! Peut-on trahir la guerre ? La guerre peut-elle être juste ?]},
journal={Topique},
year={2008},
volume={102},
number={1},
pages={95-103},
doi={10.3917/top.102.0095},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349405093&doi=10.3917%2ftop.102.0095&partnerID=40&md5=05087e22c071c0a091a7d10e65c93e4d},
affiliation={UFR Sciences Humaines Cliniques, UniversitéDenis Diderot, La Vérande, Chemin de Pierrefiche, 13860 Peyrolles en Provence, France},
abstract={War cannot be betrayed, as the author of this article argues, because fidelity to war would be madness. And there can be no just war, because justice, even if we accept it as being distinct from submission to domination, can only be conceived as existing between living human beings. But war kills. These conclusions are tested against four desertions. The notion of war disappears in the global economy which in turn destroys the sovereignty of States. Ethics, and therefore the deontology of psychologists also, demands that we commit ourselves to supporting life (against war notably). Yet breaking free of situational determination contrary to such demands may only be produced in specific cases. ©L'Esprit du Temps.},
author_keywords={Citizenship;  Economy;  Ethics;  Justice;  Post modernity;  Psychologists (deontology of);  State;  War},
references={Arendt, H., Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963) New Yorker; Arendt, H., (2006) Jewish Writings, , New York : Schoken Books; Darley, J., Latane, B., Bystander intervention in emergencies (1968) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8 (4); Darley, J., Latane, B., Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies (1968) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10 (3); Favrelière, N., (1973) Le Déserteur, , Paris : J.-C. Lattès; Freud, S., Lettre du 26 juillet àKarl Abraham (1914) Briefe 1907-1926, , S. Freud, K. Abraham, Francfort s. M. : Fischer; Gladwell, M., (2000) Tipping Point, , Londres : Abacus; Kaës, R., (2007) Un Singulier Pluriel, , Paris : Dunod; Kertész, I., (1975) Tre sans Destin, , Tr.fr., Arles : Actes Sud; Key, J., (2007) Deserter's Tale, , New York : Grove Press; Kiss, A., Psychologie et désobéissance (2002) (Dés)obéissance et Droits Humains, , Paris : L'Harmattan; Kiss, A., Terrorisme, presse, sciences humaines et les limites de la psychologie (2003) Topique, (83); Konrad, G., (2002) A Guest in my Own Country, , New York : Other Press; De Mijolla-Mellor, S., Àpropos de la guerre juste (2007) Topique, 99, pp. 199-210; Milgram, S., (1974) Obedience to Authority, , New York : Harper &Row; Pous, J., Le refus de la guerre coloniale : La cohérence d'une vie (2007) Manuscript; Rawls, J., (1971) A Theory of Justice, , Harvard : HUP; Shapiro, A., (2003) Creating Contagious Commitment, , Hillsborough : Strategy Perspective; Tsal, D., Lettre d'un refuznik (2003) Entre les Lignes, (7); Zimbardo, Ph., (2007) Lucifer Effect, , New York : Random House},
correspondence_address1={Kiss, A.; UFR Sciences Humaines Cliniques, Chemin de Pierrefiche, 13860 Peyrolles en Provence, France; email: adam.kiss@free.fr},
issn={00409375},
language={French},
abbrev_source_title={Topique},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Balachandran2008313,
author={Balachandran, G.},
title={Power and markets in global finance: The gold standard, 1890-1926},
journal={Journal of Global History},
year={2008},
volume={3},
number={3},
pages={313-335},
doi={10.1017/S174002280800274X},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61249280140&doi=10.1017%2fS174002280800274X&partnerID=40&md5=ca504e2c25487345e6223ed5c64a22a5},
affiliation={Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Voie-Creuse 16, PO Box 136, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of International History and Politics, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland},
abstract={This paper explores the intimate connection between imperialism and a liberal global economy in the late nineteenth century and the inter-war period by distinguishing and disentangling the imperial and political dimensions of the pre-World War I gold standard, and interwar efforts to restore it. By doing so it attempts partial!y to redress the relative neglect of power in historical accounts of the international financial arrangements, and re-balance conventional liberal assumptions about the role of markets and incentives in the consolidation and spread of global institutions such as the gold standard. By re-embedding the intertwined financial histories of the imperial and Atlantic worlds into a global context, perspectives from the empire help develop more historically-situated analyses of global economic institutions and arrangements, and help clarify the many intersecting processes involving both power, in all its forms, and markets, that have historically shaped financial relations and institutions. Copyright © London School of Economics and Political Science 2008.},
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Britain, the United States, and India's wartime (1993) South Asia, 16 (2), pp. 92-95; Pope, A., Australian gold and the finance of India's exports during World War I: A (1996) Indian Economic and Social History Review, 33 (2), p. 120; Ally, Gold and empire, pp. 31-35; Brown Jr., W.A., (1929) England and the new gold standard, pp. 19-20. , London: P. S. King & Son; Balachandran, Finance Orientalism, pp. 99-102; Brown, England, pp. 12-14. , 42-3; Balachandran, G., Britain's liquidity crisis and India, 1919-1920' (1993) Economic History Review, 46 (3), pp. 575-591; Boyce, R.W.D., (1987) British capitalism at the crossroads, 1918-1932: A study in politics,, pp. 36-38. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 62-66; Tsokhas, K., The Australian role in Britain's return to the gold standard' (1994) Economic History Review, 47 (1), pp. 129-146; Pressnell, L.S., The burden of sterling (1925) Economic History Review, 31 (1), pp. 78-80; Costigliola, F.C., Anglo-American financial rivalry in the 1920s (1977) Journal of Economic History, 37 (4), pp. 911-934; Moggridge, D.E., (1972) British monetary policy, 1924-1931: the Norman Conquest of $4.86, pp. 84-87. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Presspp; Innes, D., (1984) Anglo American and the rise of modern South Africa, pp. 78-79. , London: Heinemann Educational also pp. 88-9; Johnstone, F.A., (1976) Class, race, and gold: A study of class relations and racial, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, ch. 3; Yudelman, D., (1983) The emergence of modern South Africa: State, capital, and the, pp. 164-212. , Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; Innes, Anglo American, pp. 80-82; Krikler, J., The Commandos: The army of white labour in South Africa' (1999) Past and Present, 163, pp. 204-206; Boyle, A., (1967) Montagu Norman: a biography, p. 206. , London: Cassell; Sayers, Bank of England, 1-3, pp. 156-160. , appendices 9, 10, 17; Balachandran, G., From concubinage to "Hindoo marriage"? Anglo-Indian monetary (1994) Modern Asian Studies, 28 (3), pp. 626-628; Dalgaard, B., (1981) South Africa's impact on Britain's return to gold, 1925, pp. 46-50. , New York: Arno Press; Seidel, R.N., American reformers abroad: The Kemmerer Missions in South America, (1972) Journal of Economic History, 32 (2), pp. 520-545; Drake, P.W., (1994) Money doctors, foreign debt, and economic reforms in Latin America from, pp. 86-109. , Wilmington, DE: SR Books; Drake, P., (1989) The money doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923-1933, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Dalgaard, South Africa's impact, pp. 93-94. , 102-104; Seidel, American reformers, pp. 525-528; Costigliola, Anglo-American financial rivalry, pp. 923-925; Tomlinson, B.R., (1979) The political economy of the Raj, 1914-1947: the economics of, p. 87. , London: Macmillanp; Balachandran, G., (1996) John Bullion's empire: Britain's gold problem and India between the wars, pp. 140-143. , Richmond: Curzon; Hogan, M.J., (1977) Informal entente: the private structure of cooperation in Anglo-American, p. 47. , Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press; Balachandran, G., Gold, silver, and India in Anglo-American monetary relations, 1925-1933 (1996) International History Review, 18, pp. 577-586; Balachandran, John Bullion's empire, pp. 155-159; Tomlinson, Political economy, p. 79; Drummond, I.M., (1981) Pressnell, '1925', p. 83; The floating pound and the sterling area,, p. 101. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Pressand ch. 4; Markovits, C., (1985) Indian business and nationalist politics, 1931-1939: the indigenous, pp. 46-47. , BOE, G1/411, George Schuster to F. C. Goodenough, 30 November 1929;; Ferguson, N., (2003) Empire: How Britain made the modern world, , London: Allen Lane, offers a particularly strident contemporary; Flanders, M.J., (1990) International monetary economics, 1870-1960: between the Classical and, p. 83. , Cambridgemore generally, pp. 67-83; Ford, A.G., (1962) The gold standard, 1880-1914: Britain and Argentina, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Respectively, R.T., (1960) Gold and the dollar crisis: The future of convertibility, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Respectively, R.T., (1964) Evolution of the international monetary system: Historical reappraisal, , Princeton, NJ, International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics; Eichengreen, Golden fetters, , Plaza accord: chs. 1 and 2 for a concise account of his main views; McCloskey, D.N., Zecher, J.R., The success of purchasing power parity: Historical evidence and its (1984) A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931, pp. 121-150. , M. D. Bordo and A. J. Schwartz, eds, Chicago, IL: University; Michie, R., The City of London and the British government: The changing relationship (2004) The British government and the City of London in the twentieth century, p. 33. , Ranald Michie and Philip Williamson, eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University; Allbert Dayer, R., (1988) Finance and empire: Sir Charles Addis, 1861-1945, pp. xviii. , London: Macmillan; Silverman, D.P., (1982) Reconstructing Europe after the Great War, pp. 58-59. , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, notes 79, ch. 7) that the gold; (1931) The international gold problem, p. 91. , Oxford: Royal Institute of International Affairs; Drummond, Floating pound, pp. 128-133; Boyce, British capitalism, pp. 290-291; Kooker, J., French financial diplomacy: The interwar years (1976) Balance of power or hegemony: The interwar monetary system, pp. 97-98. , Benjamin Rowlands, ed, New York: New York University Press},
correspondence_address1={Balachandran, G.; Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, PO Box 136, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; email: gopalan.balachandran@graduateinstitute.ch},
issn={17400228},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Global Hist.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Economides200882,
author={Economides, M.J.},
title={Normal service will be resumed shortly},
journal={Offshore Engineer},
year={2008},
volume={33},
number={12},
pages={82},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58049190923&partnerID=40&md5=69ad080d454aeac6ce7ea7adb51d27ea},
affiliation={Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States},
abstract={Back in 2005, the $60 price for a barrel of oil was unthinkable. However, July of this year saw it climb to $150 and the world apparently fell to its knees when the global economy slumped this October, headed by the US. By the time the credit crisis hit, oil price dropped back to $60. Meanwhile, some analysts say that the increase in oil price is due more too geopolitical reasons, such as due to Venezuela, Russia, Iran, and the United State's war on Iraq. However, as the saying goes, the harder the fall in oil prices, the higher they might come back in the future. Oil industry experts say that the world should be ready for a $200/barrel price of oil.},
keywords={commodity price;  crude oil;  economic impact;  global economy;  oil industry;  oil supply;  political integration, North America;  United States},
correspondence_address1={Economides, M.J.; Cullen College of Engineering, , Houston, TX, United States},
issn={0305876X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Offshore Eng.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Smirnov2008437,
author={Smirnov, L.},
title={Higher education in Serbia: From socialism to the free market economy and implications for the labour market},
journal={Higher Education in Europe},
year={2008},
volume={33},
number={4},
pages={437-446},
doi={10.1080/03797720802522650},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57649124185&doi=10.1080%2f03797720802522650&partnerID=40&md5=11fc63088468deb5beb4227ef5cc0512},
abstract={This paper focuses on the relationships between higher education and the labour market in Serbia. In order to understand this relationship better, this paper will first provide a brief history of the country and the history of its higher education structures. The paper will then discuss higher education from post Second World War until the fall of communism, highlighting how tertiary education met the goal of preparing young people for life in a socialist economy. The second part of the paper will discuss higher education after the fall of communism, and will show how higher education is not inadequately preparing Serbian graduates for the needs not only of the free market, but the new global economy.},
references={AVRAMOVIĆ, Z., (2003) Dva Veka Obrazovanja u Srbiji, , Two Centuries of Education in Serbia, Beograd: Institut za Pedagoska Istrazivanja; (2002) Institutional Evaluation of Universities in Serbia 2001-2002, , http://www.ns.ac.yu/stara/novosti-dogadjaji/evaluacija/opstiSr.pdf, EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATION, Retrieved on 10 October 2006, from, 2002; GRANT, N., (1969) Society, Schools, and Progress in Eastern Europe, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; IVIĆ, I., Recent Developments in Higher Education in the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992) European Journal of Education, 27, pp. 11-120; MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SPORTS, SERBIA. Kvalitetno Obrazovanje za Sve - Put ka razvijenom. Drustvu [Quality Education for All - Road Towards a Developed Society]. Belgrade: Ministry of Education and Sports, 2002; MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SPORTS, SERBIA. Higher Education in Serbia and the Bologna Process. Retrieved on 11 October 2006, from Conference of European Ministers responsible for Higher Education Web Site 〈http://www.boIogna-berlin2003.de/pdf/ Serbia.pdf〉, 2003; MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SPORTS, SERBIA. National Reports 2004-2005 Serbia. Retrieved on October 11 2006, from Bologna Process Bergen 2005 Web Site 〈http://www.bologna- bergen2005.no/EN/national-impl/00-Nat-rep-05/National-Reports-Serbia-050121-m. pdf〉, 2005; MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SPORTS, SERBIA. The Development of Education: National Report of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - Serbia. Retrieved on 20 June 2008, from 〈http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/access-by-country/europe-and-north-amer.ica/ republi.c-of-serbia/profile-of-education.html〉, 2006; SOLJAN, N., The Saga of Higher Education in Yugoslavia: Beyond the Myths of a Self-Management Socialist Society (1991) Comparative Education Review, 35, pp. 131-153; UVALIĆ, R. The Teaching of Economics in Yugoslavia, in, The International Economic Association, The University Teaching of Social Sciences: Economics. Paris: UNESCO, 1954, pp. 262-281; UVALIĆ-TRUMBIĆ, S., New Trends in Higher Education in Yugoslavia? (1990) European Journal of Education, 25, pp. 399-406; Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Serbia: An Agenda for Economic Growth and Employment (2004), WORLD BANK, Report No. 29258-YU},
issn={03797724},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Higher Educ. Eur.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Moberg20081,
author={Moberg, M.},
title={Slipping away: Banana politics and fair trade in the Eastern Caribbean},
journal={Slipping Away: Banana Politics and Fair Trade in the Eastern Caribbean},
year={2008},
volume={4},
pages={1-250},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917463627&partnerID=40&md5=a2a15323e552e1e9e585bf79243be087},
affiliation={University of South Alabama, United States},
abstract={During the 1990s, the Eastern Caribbean was caught in a bitter trade dispute between the US and EU over the European banana market. When the World Trade Organization rejected preferential access for Caribbean growers in 1998 the effect on the region's rural communities was devastating. This volume examines the "banana wars" from the vantage point of St. Lucia's Mabouya Valley, whose recent, turbulent history reveals the impact of global forces. The author investigates how the contemporary structure of the island's banana industry originated in colonial policies to create a politically "stable" peasantry, followed by politicians' efforts to mobilize rural voters. These political strategies left farmers dependent on institutional and market protection, leaving them vulnerable to any alteration in trade policy. This history gave way to a new harsh reality, in which neoliberal policies privilege price and quantity over human rights and the environment. However, against these challenges, the author shows how the rural poor have responded in creative ways, including new social movements and Fair Trade farming, in order to negotiate a stronger position for themselves in the in a shifting global economy. © 2008 Mark Moberg. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Moberg, M.; University of South AlabamaUnited States},
publisher={Berghahn Books},
isbn={9781845458744; 9781845451974},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Slipping Away: Banana Polit. and Fair Trade in the East. Caribb.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Weede2008415,
author={Weede, E.},
title={Globalization and inequality},
journal={Comparative Sociology},
year={2008},
volume={7},
number={4},
pages={415-433},
doi={10.1163/156913308X306609},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50649089405&doi=10.1163%2f156913308X306609&partnerID=40&md5=f4db4f231827166885ac08484c440d16},
affiliation={Institute for Political Science and Sociology, University of Bonn, Lennestr. 25-27, 53113 Bonn, Germany},
abstract={Globalization may be defined by a worldwide division of labor and increasing trade between nations. This is inconceivable without expanding economic freedom across the world. Free trade and globalization increase competition, productivity, and economic growth rates. In spite of increasing inequality within many large economies - including the US, China, and Russia - inequality between human beings and households has been reduced. Since catch-up growth in big Asian economies contributes to Schumpeterian "creative destruction," it necessitates rich economies to adapt, to become ever more entrepreneurial and innovative. This generates resentment and strengthens protectionist excesses which might serve some special interests. But protectionism harms the global economy, the prospects of the poor to grow out of poverty and, worse still, likely increases the risk of war. © 2008 BRILL.},
author_keywords={Capitalism;  Economic freedom;  Protectionism;  Trade;  War avoidance},
keywords={free trade;  globalization;  labor division;  protectionism, Asia;  China;  Eurasia;  Far East;  North America;  Russian Federation;  United States},
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correspondence_address1={Weede, E.; Institute for Political Science and Sociology, Lennestr. 25-27, 53113 Bonn, Germany; email: e.weede@uni-bonn.de},
issn={15691322},
coden={CSOOB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Comp. Sociol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Das200839,
author={Das, D.K.},
title={A Chinese renaissance in an unremittingly integrating global economy},
journal={CESifo Forum},
year={2008},
volume={9},
number={1},
pages={39-46},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-45949098682&partnerID=40&md5=36c6046f8d9b1577d03439057423299f},
abstract={Over the last three decades China's significance has radically increased and it has traversed from the periphery of the global economy to the core. For all appearances, this progress is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. Three decades of macroeconomic reforms, sustained growth and global integration have turned China into a future economic power of global magnitude, with unmatched breadth of resources and a robust manufacturing sector. Its re-emergence and economic status is often compared to the growth performance of "miracle" Asian economies that came into their own during the post-War era finding a niche in the global economy. A more appropriate simile for China is the US economic rise over a century ago. That China's growth performance is comparable to that of the US and the UK is confirmed by the historical growth statistics for these two economies and post-1978 China. One tangible outcome of its brisk growth is the rise in the global shares of production, investment and trade. China has grown to be the fourth largest economy in the world and the third largest trader in the short time span of three decades. It is endeavoring to make a new position for itself in the global economy as well as formulate a new role. This cannot be termed dislocation or displacement but is a fundamental structural change in the global economy brought about by China's vertiginous growth. Both China's increasing economic weight and escalating integration in the global economy have been rebalancing the global economy. China's potential catching up with the United States may be considered a tectonic geo-economic and geo-political occurrence. Although its economy has been growing and its importance and participation in the global policy arena has been increasing, China has so far played a modest role relative to its economic weight and heightened status. To be sure, China has abandoned its previous aversion to multilateral organizations. Yet, its eagerness to assume a leadership role is conspicuous by its absence. For some time now, China has become a source of global growth. Evidence of China's influence on contemporary global economic growth is easy to see. It is being regarded as the second engine of growth after the United States. While it will not replace the United States as the leading economic power, China, in partnership with the other AHP economies, may well emerge as the principal growth pole of the global economy in the future. The influence of this growth pole, led by China, will certainly be felt during the rest of the 21st century in shaping the contours of the global economy. In their endeavor to go global, Chinese firms began investing in other industrial and developing countries and the EMEs, with its largest investments going to neighboring Asian economies, Australia, the United States and two Caribbean islands that are prominent financial centers. At a later stage, FDI in the Latin American and African economies followed. Chinese firms also have been making high profile acquisitions of world-class assets. Several modeling exercises were undertaken to assess the outcome of China's global integration. This article presents their conclusions.},
references={Alvarez, R., Claro, S., (2007) David versus Goliath: The Impact of Chinese Competition on Developing Economies, , Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, mimeo; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC, 2007), APEC at a Glance, Singapore: APEC Secretariat; Aziz, J., Dunaway, S., China's Rebalancing Act (2007) Finance and Development, 44, pp. 27-31; Bijian, Z., China's Peaceful Rise to Great-Power Status (2005) Foreign Affairs, 84, pp. 128-142; Das, D.K., (2004) Financial Globalization and the Emerging Market Economies, , London and New York: Routledge; Das, D.K., (2005) Asian Economy and Finance: A Post-Crisis Perspective, , Cambridge, UK: Springer; Das, D.K., (2007) The Evolving Global Trade Architecture, , Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar; Dollar, D.R., (2007) Asian Century or Multi-Polar, , Century, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4174; Sachs, G., (2003) Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050, , Global Economics Paper 99, New York; Sachs, G., (2004) The BRICs and Global Markets: Crude, Cars and Capital, , Global Economics Paper 118, New York; (2007) World Economic Outlook, , International Monetary Fund IMF, Washington DC: IMF; Lardy, N., (1998) China's Unfinished Economic Revolution, , Washingon DC: The Brookings Institution; Maddison, A., (2003) The World Economy: Historical Statistics, , Paris: OECD; Medeiros, E.S., Fravel, M.T., China's New Diplomacy (2003) Foreign Affairs, 82, pp. 1-8; Shenkar, O., (2006) The Chinese Century, , Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing; Sobel, M., Stedman, L., (2006) The Evolution of G-7 and Economic Policy Coordination, , The Department of Treasury Occasional Paper 3, Washington DC; Stiglitz, J.E., China and the Global Economy: Challenges, Opportunities and Responsibilities (2006) China, Hong Kong and the World Economy, pp. 17-31. , Ho L. H. and R. Ash eds, Basingstoke, UK: The Palgrave McMillan Ltd; The Economist (2005), From T-Shirts to T-Bonds, July 30, 61-63; The Economist (2006), Balancing Act: A Survey of China, March 25, 6; The Economist (2007), Keep Your T-Bonds, We'll Take the Bank, July 28, 75-76; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD, 2007), World Investment Report 2007, Geneva and New York; United States Trade Representative (USTR, 2006), US-China Trade Relations: Entering a New Phase, Washington DC; Winters, L.A., Yusuf, S., Introduction: Dancing with Giants (2007) Dancing With Giants, pp. 1-34. , Winters L. and S. Yusuf eds, Washington DC: The World Bank; Wolf, M. (2007), The Right Way to Respond to China's Exploding Surpluses, The Financial Times. May 29, 8; (2007) China: Quarterly Update - September, , World Bank , Beijing; (2006) International Trade Statistics 2006, , World Trade Organization WTO, Geneva},
correspondence_address1={Das, D.K., Kitchener, ON, Canada},
issn={1615245X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={CESifo Forum},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Volckmar20081,
author={Volckmar, N.},
title={Knowledge and solidarity: The Norwegian social-democratic school project in a period of change, 1945-2000},
journal={Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research},
year={2008},
volume={52},
number={1},
pages={1-15},
doi={10.1080/00313830701786560},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38549124974&doi=10.1080%2f00313830701786560&partnerID=40&md5=34c4fbed8f9b06f9f068e09a4e9c4a84},
affiliation={Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway},
abstract={Between World War II and the end of the millennium two major educational reform periods are identified in Norway: reform period I in the 1950s and 1960s and reform period II in the 1990s. The Labour Party led both reforms. While the educational reforms in the 1950s and 1960s undoubtedly were part of an overall Nordic social-democratic project, the reforms in the 1990s took place at a time when traditional social-democratic values were under pressure in a world with a global economy. The main question in this paper is to what extent the Norwegian educational reforms in the 1990s followed social-democratic ideas. To what extent were the educational reforms in the 1990s a continuation or a break from the educational reforms in "the golden age" of the social-democratic projects in the 1950s and 1960s? The question will be approached within a personal angle, comparing the educational philosophy of Helge Sivertsen and Gudmund Hernes as the leading educational politicians for reform periods I and II, respectively.},
author_keywords={A common school;  Educational reform;  Social-democratic school project;  Welfare state},
funding_details={Norges ForskningsrådNorges Forskningsråd},
funding_text 1={1. This article is based upon Volckmar (2005). Fra solidarisk samværskultur til kunnskapssolidar-itet. Det sosialdemokratiske skoleprosjekt fra Sivertsen til Hernes [From solidary public spirit to knowledge solidarity. The social-democratic school project from Sivertsen to Hernes; in Norwegian]. Doctoral thesis. Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The thesis was part of a larger educational history project, ‘‘Utdanning som nasjonsbygging’’, funded by the Research Council of Norway.},
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Økonomisk Forskning Som Premiss for Utdanningspolitikken, , Utredningsinstituttet for forskning og høyere utdanning, Oslo, Norway; Gewirtz, S., (2002) The Managerial School: Post-welfarism and Social Justice in Education, , Routledge, London and New York; Gunneriussen, W., Emil Durkheim (1996) Klassisk Og Moderne Samfunnsteori, , Reitzels Forlag, Copenhagen, Denmark; Habermas, J., The crisis of the welfare state and the exhaust of the utopian strategies; in Norwegian (1999) Kraften I De Bedre Argumenter, pp. 45-64. , Ad Notam Gyldendal, Oslo, Norway; Habermas, J., Civil society and the state of justice; in Norwegian (1999) Kraften I De Bedre Argumenter, , Ad Notam Gyldendal, Oslo, Norway; Hernes, G., Can you have ambitions in Norway; in Norwegian (1986) Dagbladet, Kultur/Debatt, 31, p. 4; Hernes, G., Dessert and the danger of hangover; in Norwegian (1987) Aftenposten, Perspektiv, p. 2; Hernes, G., The most exiting ideas: Looking back on a decade of reforms; in Norwegian (2001) Skolen 2001. Årbok for Norsk Utdanningshistorie, , Teledølen, Notodden, Norway; Hernes, G., (2003) Gudmund Hernes in Interview By the Author, , Oslo, April 26; Hovdenak, S., (1998) Pedagogisk Diskurs I 90-åras Utdanningsreformer, , University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Hovdenak, S., (2000) 90-tallsreformene-et Instrumentalistisk Mistak?, , Gyldendal Akademiske, Oslo, Norway; Høigård, E., Ruge, H., (1947) Den Norske Skoles Historie, , Cappelen, Oslo, Norway; Karlsen, G., (2002) Utdanning, Styring Og Marked, , Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway; Koritzinsky, T., (2000) Pedagogikk Og Politikk I L 97. Læreplanens Innhold Og Beslutningsprosessene, , Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway; Korsvold, T., Volckmar, N., The welfare policies in school and kindergarten: A reorientation?; in Norwegian (2004) Pedagogikk Og Politikk, pp. 233-246. , [Education and politics; in Norwegian]; (1993) St.meld.nr.40 (1992-1993) ... 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Århundre, , Pax Forlag A/S, Oslo, Norway; Sivertsen, H., (1946) Demokratisk Og Nasjonal Oppseding I Norsk Skole, , John Griegs Forlag, Bergen, Norway; Sivertsen, H., Open letter to the social economy; in Norwegian (1951) Kontakt, p. 17. , Det Norske Arbeiderparti, Oslo, Norway; Sivertsen, H., Education: A human right; in Norwegian (1952) Skole Og Samfunn, 1 (2 PART 1), pp. 34-36; Sivertsen, H., Education: A human right; in Norwegian (1953) Skole Og Samfunn, 2 (1 PART 2), pp. 3-6; Sivertsen, H., (1955) Sosialistisk Kulturpolitikk, , Arbeidernes opplysningsforbund, Oslo, Norway; Sivertsen, H., Norwegian school reform; in Norwegian (1956) Forsøk Ogreform I Skolen, pp. 15-24. , Aschehoug & Co., Oslo, Norway; Sivertsen, H., Reformwork; in Norwegian (1956) Norsk Pedagogisk Tidsskrift, 40, pp. 3-7; Slagstad, R., (1998) De Nasjonale Strateger, , Pax Forlag A/S, Oslo, Norway; Telhaug, A.O., (1994) Norsk Skoleutvikling Etter 1945, , Didakta, Oslo, Norway; Telhaug, A.O., (1997) Utdanningsreformene, , Didakta, Oslo, Norway; Telhaug, A.O., (2005) Kunnskapsløftet: Ny Eller Gammel Skole?, , Cappelens Akademiske, Oslo, Norway; Telhaug, A.O., Mediås, O.A., (2003) Grunnskolen Som Nasjonsbygger: Fra Statspietisme Til Nyliberalisme, , Abstrakt forlag, Oslo, Norway; Telhaug, A.O., Mediås, O.A., Aasen, P., The Nordic model in education as part of the political system in the last 50 years (2006) Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 50 (3), pp. 245-283; Trippestad, T.A., Idealism, utopism and rethoric in the educational reforms in the 1990; in Norwegian (1998), pp. 35-52; Trippestad, T.A., As you nest so you lie. Gudmund Hernes as power investigator and power exerter; in Norwegian (1999) Normalitet Og Identitetsmakt I Norge, pp. 187-217. , Ad Notam Gyldendal, Oslo, Norway; Trippestad, T.A., The sociology of distrust; in Norwegian (2003) Dannelsens Forvandlinger, pp. 290-319. , Pax Forlag, Oslo, Norway; (2003) Utdannings-og Forskningsdepartementet, , UFD Oslo, Norway; Volckmar, N., (2005) University of Science and Technology, , Trondheim, Norway},
correspondence_address1={Volckmar, N.; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway},
issn={00313831},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Scan. J. Educ. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Mikkelsen20081,
author={Mikkelsen, A. and Langhelle, O.},
title={Introduction},
journal={Arctic Oil and Gas: Sustainability at risk?},
year={2008},
pages={1-12},
doi={10.4324/9780203893746-9},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145150213&doi=10.4324%2f9780203893746-9&partnerID=40&md5=68e20388b7f379443371bce525d67ec4},
affiliation={University of Stavanger, Norway; University of Stavanger, Norway},
abstract={We like to think of the Arctic as pristine, untouched nature, but the Arctic has become part of the global economy. Large natural resources such as oil, minerals and fish are already depleted from the region and sent to the global market. In the modern Arctic, practically every aspect of life has been and continues to be influenced and shaped by both developmental needs and market demands for natural resources elsewhere. Simultaneously, the Arctic is suffering the consequences of pollution and human-created global warming owing to carbon dioxide (CO2), other gas emissions influencing the climate, and environmental damage and the improper dismantling of military installations from the Cold War period. © 2008 Editorial matter and selection, Aslaug Mikkelsen and Oluf Langhelle; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved.},
references={(2004) Arctic Human Development Report, , Akureyri, Iceland: StefanssonArctic Institute; Bailey, A., USGS: 25%Arctic oil, gas estimate a reporter’s mistake (2007) Petroleum News, 12 (42). , http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/347702651.shtml, Accessed 20 November 2007; Dutton, J.E., Dukerich, J.M., Keeping an eye on the mirror – image and identity in organizational adaptation (1991) Academy of Management Journal, 34 (3), pp. 517-554; Flanagan, J., The critical incident technique (1954) Psychological Bulletin, 51 (4), pp. 76-90; Hajer, M.A., (1995) The Politics of Environmental Discourse: Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hoffmann, A.J., Ocasio, W., Not all events are attended equally: Toward a middle-range theory of industry attention to external events (2001) Organization Science, 12 (4), pp. 414-434; Lafferty, W.M., Langhelle, O., Towards Sustainable Development (1999) On the Goals of Development and the Conditions of Sustainability, , Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd; Langhelle, O., Sustainable development and social justice: expanding the Rawlsian framework of global justice (2000) Environmental Values, 9 (3), pp. 295-323; Mikkelsen, A., Engen, O.A., Grønhaug, K., Consequences of critical events for the social construction of corporate social responsibility: The case of oil and gas companies in Norway (2008) Scandinavian Journal of Management, , submitted; Pride, R.A., How activists frame social problems: Critical events versus performance trends for schools (1995) Political Communication, 12, pp. 5-26; (2008) World Petroleum Assessment 2000, , http://energy.cr.usgs.gov, Available HTTP, 8 April; (1987) Our Common Future, , Oxford: Oxford University Press},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134068227; 041544330X; 9780415443302},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Arct. Oil and Gas: Sustainability at risk?},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pugh2008390,
author={Pugh, M. and Cooper, N. and Turner, M.},
title={Conclusion: The Political Economy of Peacebuilding — Whose Peace? Where Next?},
journal={New Security Challenges},
year={2008},
pages={390-397},
doi={10.1057/9780230228740_23},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144726096&doi=10.1057%2f9780230228740_23&partnerID=40&md5=5420e34093f299281197918a24e15035},
abstract={The contributions to this book have critically examined the construction of political economies of peace processes and peacebuilding, with a focus not just on the inside of war-torn societies but also on the broader influences of the global economy and shifts in the discursive constructions of security and development. They have concentrated particularly on those aspects of political economy that tend to be neglected in the literature on interventions in war-torn societies: from gender and trade liberalisation to employment and diaspora engagement, and from borderlands to the welfare of citizens. In particular, a key issue has been to identify the modes of negotiation (or lack of it) between the external and internal interlocutors and the impacts of global and dominant international norms on the ‘recipient’ populations. Answers to the question, ‘whose peace?’, are clearly related to asymmetries of power that help determine the normative project of liberal peacebuilding, the securitisation of welfare and local responses that involve incorporation of external values but also resistances. © 2008, Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner.},
author_keywords={African Union;  Human Security;  Peace Process;  Political Economy;  Sacred Grove},
references={Chenoy, A.M., Tadjbakhsh, S., (2006) Human Security: Concepts and Implications, , London: Routledge; Design methodology for a planarized high power density EV/HEV traction drive using SiC power modules (2016) IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 20; Gray, J., False Dawn: The Delusions of Global Capitalism, London: Granta (1998) 2002 Edn; Harvey, D., (2003) The New Imperialism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Hynek, N., Conditions of Emergence and Their Effects: Political Rationalities, Governmental Programs and Technologies of Power in the Landmine Case (2008) Journal of International Relations and Development, , forthcoming; (2006) Globalization, Development and Human Security, , McGrew, Anthony and Nana Poku, Cambridge: Polity; Muggah, R., Great expectations: (dis)integrated DDR in Sudan and Haiti (2007) London: Overseas Development Institute, , Humanitarian Practice Network report, March; Richmond, O.P., Emancipatory Forms of Human Security and Liberal Peacebuilding (2007) International Journal, 62 (3), pp. 459-477; Rogers, P., (2000) Losing Control: Global Security in the Twenty-First Century, , London: Pluto Press},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
issn={27310329},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New. Secur. Chall.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Collins2008209,
author={Collins, C.J. and Kehoe, R.R.},
title={Recruitment and selection},
journal={The Routledge Companion to Strategic Human Resource Management},
year={2008},
pages={209-223},
doi={10.4324/9780203889015-24},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076069133&doi=10.4324%2f9780203889015-24&partnerID=40&md5=14490a81ab63bab6afb6991dd05008d8},
affiliation={ILR School, Cornell University, United States; Department of Human Resource Studies, ILR School, Cornell University, United States},
abstract={Throughout the end of the twentieth century and into the start of the twenty-first, scholars and practitioners have argued that firms are in a war for talent, and that the firms that are best able to attract and retain employees will be in a position to outperform their rivals (e.g., Michaels et al., 2001; Woodruffe, 1999). In a global economy, companies are seeking new growth opportunities and hiring new staff at a pace to help them achieve this growth. At the same time, labor markets are beginning to shrink as the baby boom generation employees begin to retire and are replaced by a reduced supply of younger workers (Dohm, 2000). In the midst of these significant environmental changes, the staffing function, including recruitment and selection, has emerged as arguably the most critical human resource function for organizational survival and success. © 2009 John Storey, Patrick M. Wright and Dave Ulrich.},
references={Baron, J.N., Hannan, M.T., Organizational blueprints for success in high-tech startups:Lessons from the Stanford project on emerging companies (2002) California Management Review, 44 (3), pp. 8-36; Baron, J.N., Hannan, M.T., Burton, M.D., Labor pains: Change in organizational models and employee turnover in young, high-tech firms (2001) The American Journal of Sociology, 106, pp. 960-1012; Burns, T., Stalker, G.M., (1994) The Management of Innovation, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Collins, C.J., Smith, K.G., Knowledge exchange and combination:The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms (2006) The Academy of Management Journal, 49, pp. 544-560; Damanpour, F., Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators (1991) Academy of Management Journal, 34, pp. 555-590; Dohm, A., Gauging the labor force effects of retiring baby boomers (2000) Monthly Labor Report, 123 (7), pp. 17-25; Etzioni, A., (1964) Modern Organizations, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Galbraith, J., (1973) Designing Complex Organizations, , Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley; Hage, J., An axiomatic theory of organizations (1965) Administrative Science Quarterly, 10, pp. 289-320; Hage, J., (1980) Theories of Organizations: Form, Process, and Transformation, , New York:Wiley; Hage, J., Aiken, M., Routine technology, social structure, and organizational goals (1969) Administrative Science Quarterly, 14, pp. 366-377; Lawrence, P.R., Lorsch, J.W., (1967) Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration; Lepak, D.P., Snell, S.A., The human resource architecture:Toward a theory of human capital allocation and development (1999) Academy of Management Review, 24, pp. 31-48; March, J.G., Simon, H.A., (1958) Organizations, , New York:The Free Press; Michaels, E., Handfield-Jones, H., Axelrod, B., (2001) The War for Talent, , Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; Rynes, S.L., Barber, A.E., Applicant attraction strategies: An organizational perspective (1990) Academy of Management Review, 15, pp. 286-310; Taylor, M.S., Collins, C.J., Organizational recruitment: Enhancing the intersection of theory and practice (2000) Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Linking Theory and Practice, pp. 304-334. , C. L. Cooper & E. A. Locke (Eds), Oxford: Blackwell; Thompson, J.D., (1967) Organizations in Action, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Weick, K., (1969) The Social Psychology of Organizations, , Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley; Woodruffe, C., (1999) Winning the Talent War, , New York:Wiley; Zammuto, R., O’Connor, E., Gaining advanced manufacturing technologies benefits:The role of organizational design and culture (1992) Academy of Management Review, 17, pp. 701-728},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203889010; 9781135981983; 0415772044; 9780415772044},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Routledge Companion to Strategic Hum. Resource Management},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Chen20081,
author={Chen, C.C. and Lee, Y.T.},
title={Leadership and management in China: Philosophies, theories, and practices},
journal={Leadership and Management in China: Philosophies, Theories, and Practices},
year={2008},
pages={1-307},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511753763},
note={cited By 68},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927088831&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511753763&partnerID=40&md5=f0ce9f28751367e5baf41c0089ffc1d2},
affiliation={Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University, United States; College of Arts and Sciences, University of Toledo, United States},
abstract={With the rise of China in the global economy, it has never been more important for business leaders to understand Chinese leadership philosophies and practices. This is the first book to explain how ancient Chinese thinking and Western ideas have shaped the development of leadership styles in China. Leadership theories associated with Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, the Arts of War, and the writings of Mao and Deng are analysed by both Chinese and Western experts. To set this in a modern business context, the book includes interviews with top executives, who reflect on how their business values are affected by ancient Chinese philosophers, modern Chinese leaders, and Western management writers and thinkers. The book also includes research on paternalistic leadership as practised by business leaders in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and mainland China. © Cambridge University Press 2008.},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511753763; 9780521879613},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Leadersh. and Management in China: Philosophies, Theories, and Practices},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Jeffreys20081,
author={Jeffreys, S.},
title={The Industrial Vagina: The political economy of the global sex trade},
journal={The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade},
year={2008},
pages={1-244},
doi={10.4324/9780203698303},
note={cited By 189},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917403562&doi=10.4324%2f9780203698303&partnerID=40&md5=33c64f42c6d3a5a940a35e0ed6957eed},
affiliation={School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia},
abstract={The industrialization of prostitution and the sex trade has created a multibillion-dollar global market, involving millions of women, that makes a substantial contribution to national and global economies. The Industrial Vagina examines how prostitution and other aspects of the sex industry have moved from being small-scale, clandestine, and socially despised practices to become very profitable legitimate market sectors that are being legalised and decriminalised by governments. Sheila Jeffreys demonstrates how prostitution has been globalized through an examination of: the growth of pornography and its new global reach the boom in adult shops, strip clubs and escort agencies military prostitution and sexual violence in war marriage and the mail order bride industry the rise in sex tourism and trafficking in women. She argues that through these practices women’s subordination has been outsourced and that states that legalise this industry are acting as pimps, enabling male buyers in countries in which women’s equality threatens male dominance, to buy access to the bodies of women from poor countries who are paid for their sexual subservience. This major and provocative contribution is essential reading for all with an interest in feminist, gender and critical globalisation issues as well as students and scholars of international political economy. © 2009 Sheila Jeffreys. All rights reserved.},
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From correspondents in Toronto, Canada; Agrawal, A., (2006) Migrant Women and Work, , New Delhi/ Thousand Oaks/London: Sage Publications; Agrawal, A., Family, migration and prostitution: The case of the bedia community of north india (2006) Migrant Women and Work, pp. 177-194. , Agrawal, Anuja (ed.), New Delhi/Thousand Oaks/London: Sage Publications; Agustin, L., Challenging “place: Leaving home for sex’ (2002) Development, 45 (1), pp. 110-117. , Spring; Agustin, L., Daring border-crossers: A different vision of migrant women (2004) Sex Work, Mobility and Health in Europe, pp. 86-94. , Day, Sophie and Ward, Helen, London: Kegan Paul; Agustin, L., The disappearing of a migration category: Migrants who sell sex (2006) Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32 (1), pp. 29-48. , January; Agustin, L., Contributing to “development: Money made selling sex’ (2006) Research for Sex Work, 9, pp. 8-11; Agustin, L., (2007) Sex at the Margins. Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry, , London: Zed Press; Ahmed, N., Industry prospers as lockdown becomes lay down (2007) The Age, , 4 September. Melbourne; Albanese, J., A criminal network approach to understanding and measuring trafficking in human beings (2007) Measuring Human Trafficking. Complexities and Pitfalls, pp. 55-71. , Savona, Ernesto U. and Stefanizzi, Sonia, New York: Springer; Ali, S., Violence against the girl child in the pacific islands region. United nations division for the advancement of women (daw). in collaboration with unicef. expert group meeting. elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child (2006) EGM/DVGC/2006/EP, p. 14; (2007) Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, , Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; It’s in our hands (2004) Stop Violence against Women, , London: Amnesty International; (2006) Albania. 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Independent Newspapers Ireland Ltd; Brock, D., Gilles, K., Oliver, C., Migrant sex work: A roundtable analysis (2000) Canadian Woman Studies, 20 (2), pp. 84-91. , Summer; Brooks, S., Interview with Dawn Passar, , http://www.shapingsf.org/ezine/womens/dancers/main/html; Brownmiller, S., Against our will (1975) Men, Women and Rape, , London: Secker and Warburg; Brush, L.D., Violent acts and injurious outcomes in married couples: Methodological issues in the national survey of families and households (1993) Violence against Women. the Bloody Footprints, pp. 240-251. , Bart, Pauline B. and Moran, Eileen Geil, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; Brussa, L., Tampep Report on Intervention Models for Migrant Sex Workers in Europe, , http://www.europap.net, Europap website; Bunting, A., Child marriage (2000) Women and International Human Rights Law, 2, pp. 669-696. , Askin, Kelly D. and Koenig, Dorean M, New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc; Butler, J., (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, , New York: Routledge; Callinan, R., Generation exploited (2006) Time, , 19 March; Unicef outraged by cambodian child porn trade (2007) Cambodia Daily, 11 January; Campbell, S., Perkins, A., Mohammed, P., Come to jamaica and feel all right. Tourism and the sex trade’ (1999) Sun, Sex, and Gold. Tourism and Sex Work in the Caribbean, pp. 125-156. , Kempadoo, Kamala (ed.), Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield; South africa: High cost of paying for sex. africa news (2007) 15 December; Canyon, C., Lights, camera, sex! (2004) An Autobiography, , Sherman Oaks, CA: Publisher Christy Canyon; Carter, A., Women, military service and citizenship (1996) Gender, Politics and Citizenship in the 1990S, , Sullivan, Barbara and Whitehouse, Gillian, Sydney, Australia: UNSW Press; Carter, V., Breaking free in minnesota (1999) Making the Harm Visible. Global Sexual Exploitation of Women and Girls, pp. 287-294. , Hughes, Donna M. and Roche, Claire, Kingston, RI: Coalition Against Trafficking in Women; British go stag in eastern europe (2005) CBS News, , 3 December. New York; Chapkis, W., (1997) Live Sex Acts: Women Performing Erotic Labour, , New York: Routledge; Charlesworth, H., Human rights as mens rights’ (1995) Women’s Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives, pp. 103-113. , Peters, Julie and Wolper, Andrea, New York: Routledge; Charsley, K., Unhappy husbands: Masculinity and migration in transnational pakistani marriages (2005) Journal Royal Anthropological Institute, 11, pp. 85-105; (2003) As If they were Watching My Body: Aprelimi-Nary Study into the Accessibility Ofpornography by Minors in Cambodia, , Cambodia: World Vision; Chivers, T., Sex and porn major causes of debt woe (2008) The Age, , 24 January: 10. Melbourne; Clift, S., Forrest, S., Tourism and the sexual ecology of gay men (2000) Tourism and Sex. Culture, Commerce and Coercion, pp. 179-199. , Clift, Simon and Carter, Simon (eds),, London and New York: Pinter; Clift, S., Carter, S., (2000) Tourism and Sex. Culture, Commerce and Coercion, , New York: Pinter; (2006) Statement to Third Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, , Vienna, 9-18 October; Coetsee, R., Memorial celebrates life of porn industry icon (2007) Contra Costa Times, , 20 July. California; Cook, K., Joining trend, bulgaria wont allow prostitution’ (2007) New York Times, , 6 October; Cooke, A., Stripping: Who calls the tune? (1987) Good Girls, Bad Girls. Sex Trade Workers and Feminists Face to Face, , Bell, Laurie (ed.), Toronto: The Women’s Press; Corkill, M., Escorts sell most illegal sex (2005) Courier Mail, , 5 December. Brisbane; (2008) Human Trafficking Industry Worth $31 Billion, , http://www.news.com.au/story/02359923223293-2310900.html, 16 February; Coy, M., Horvath, M., Kelly, L., (2007) Its Just like Going to the Supermarket’: Men Buying Sex in East London. Report for Safe Exit. London, , Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit, London Metropolitan University; Currie, B., Lap dancing boosts city by gbp 6 m a year (2006) Evening Times, 26 April. Glasgow; Dahles, H., Bras, K., Entrepreneurs in romance. Tourism in indonesia (1999) Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (2), pp. 267-293; Daley, S., New rights for dutch prostitutes, but no gain (2001) New York Times, 12 August; Out of the trap, hope one step. Case studies of prostitution and sex trafficking in korea. seoul, south korea: Dasi hamkke center, seoul metropolitican government (2006) Center for Victims and Survivors of Sex Trafficking; Davis, K., Brides, bruises and the border: The trafficking of north korean women into china (2006) SAIS Review, 36 (1), pp. 131-141; Day, S., Ward, H., (2004) Sex Work, Mobility and Health in Europe, , London: Kegan Paul; Deem, R., How do we get out of the ghetto? Strategies for research on gender and leisure for the twenty first century (1999) Leisure Studies, 18, pp. 161-178; Defeis, E.F., Draft convention against sexual exploitation (2000) Women and International Human Rights Law, 2, pp. 319-348. , Askin, Kelly D. and Koenig, Dorean M, New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc; Delphy, C., Close to home: A materialist analysis of women’s oppression. amherst (1984) MA: University of Massachusetts Press; Demleitner, N.V., In good times and bad: The obligation to protect “mail-order brides (2000) Women and International Human Rights Law, 2, pp. 613-652. , Askin, Kelly D. and Koenig, Dorean M. (eds), New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc; Denfeld, R., (1995) The New Victorians: A Young Woman’s Challenge to the Old Feminist Order. St Leonards, NSW, , Australia: Allen and Unwin; DeRiviere, L., A human capital methodology for estimating the lifelong personal costs of young women leaving the sex trade (2006) Feminist Economics, 12 (3), pp. 367-402. , July; Deutchman, I., It’s (Not) just the victim in me: Gender and power in the 1990s (1998) Women and Politics, 19 (1), pp. 1-18; Di, N.A., Cauduro, A., Review of official statistics on trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation and their validity in the 25 eu member states from official statistics to estimates of the phenomenon (2007) Measuring Human Trafficking. Complexities and Pitfalls, pp. 73-94. , Savona, Ernesto U. and Stefanizzi, Sonia, New York: Springer; Dickson, S., (2004) Sex in the City. Mapping Commercial Sex across London, , London: The Poppy Project; Dines, G., Jensen, R., Who wants to be a porn star (2007) Slide Show, , http://www.myspace.com/stoppornculture; Distor, E., Hunt, D., (1996) Confronting Sexual Exploitation. 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Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition, pp. 204-209. , Kempadoo, Kamala and Jo Doezema (eds), New York and London: Routledge; Doezema, J., Ouch! western feminists “wounded attachment” to the “third world prostitute”’ (2001) Feminist Review, 67, pp. 16-38. , Spring; Dolgopol, U., Womens voices, women’s pain’ (1995) Human Rights Quarterly, 17 (1), pp. 127-154; Dolgopol, U., Pragmatism, international law and womens bodies’ (1996) Australian Feminist Studies, 11 (24), pp. 242-272; Donlon, J.G., A travel model in the runway setting: Striptease as exotic destination (1998) Sex Tourism and Prostitution. 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correspondence_address1={Jeffreys, S.; School of Social and Political Sciences, Australia},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203698304; 9781134126743; 0415412322; 9780415412322},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Glob. Sex Trade},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Yetiv20081,
author={Yetiv, S.A.},
title={The absence of grand strategy: The United States in the Persian Gulf, 1972-2005},
journal={The Absence of Grand Strategy: The United States in the Persian Gulf, 1972-2005},
year={2008},
pages={1-250},
note={cited By 30},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896232409&partnerID=40&md5=b89ef42f6e19ad518b698eaf01961612},
abstract={Great powers and grand strategies. It is easy to assume that the most powerful nations pursue and employ consistent, cohesive, and decisive policies in trying to promote their interests in regions of the world. Popular theory emphasizes two such grand strategies that great powers may pursue: balance of power policy or hegemonic domination. But, as Steve A. Yetiv contends, things may not always be that cut and dried. Analyzing the evolution of the United States' foreign policy in the Persian Gulf from 1972 to 2005, Yetiv offers a provocative and panoramic view of American strategies in a region critical to the functioning of the entire global economy. Ten cases-from the policies of the Nixon administration to George W. Bush's war in Iraq-reveal shifting, improvised, and reactive policies that were responses to unanticipated and unpredictable events and threats. In fact, the distinguishing feature of the U.S. experience in the Gulf has been the absence of grand strategy. Yetiv introduces the concept of "reactive engagement" as an alternative approach to understanding the behavior of great powers in unstable regions. At a time when the effects of U.S. foreign policy are rippling across the globe, The Absence of Grand Strategy offers key insight into the nature and evolution of American foreign policy in the Gulf. © 2008 by Johns Hopkins University Press. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Yetiv, S.A.},
publisher={Johns Hopkins University Press},
isbn={9780801887826},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Absence of Grand Strategy: The U.S. in the Persian Gulf, 1972-2005},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Romine20081,
author={Romine, S.},
title={The real south: Southern narrative in the age of cultural reproduction},
journal={The Real South: Southern Narrative in the Age of Cultural Reproduction},
year={2008},
pages={1-284},
note={cited By 65},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895596620&partnerID=40&md5=41a76eb4f722f68616c2c879bcc5a5ed},
abstract={In this stimulating study, Scott Romine explores the impact of globalization on contemporary southern culture and the South's persistence in an age of media and what he terms "cultural reproduction." Rather than being compromised, Romine asserts, southern cultures are both complicated and reconfigured as they increasingly detach from tradition in its conventional sense. In considering Souths that might appear fake-the Souths of the theme restaurant, commercial television, and popular regional magazines, for example-Romine contends that authenticity and reality emerge as central concepts that allow groups and individuals to imagine and navigate social worlds. Romine addresses a major critical problem-"authenticity"-in a fundamentally new manner. Less concerned with what actually constitutes an "authentic" or "real" South than in how these concepts are used today, The Real South explores a wide range of southern narratives that describe and travel through virtual, simulated, and commodified Souths. Where earlier critics have tended to assume a real or authentic South, Romine questions such assumptions and whether the "authentic South" ever truly existed. From Gone with the Wind, Civil War reenactments, and a tennis community outside Atlanta called Tara, to the work of Josephine Humphreys, the travel narrative of V. S. Naipaul, and the historical fiction of Lewis Nordan, Romine examines how narratives (and spaces) are used to fashion social solidarity and cultural continuity in a time of fragmentation and change. Far from deteriorating or disappearing in a global economy, Romine shows, the South continues to be reproduced and used by diverse groups engaged in diverse cultural projects. © 2008 by Louisiana State University Press. All rights reserved.},
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(2005) Greensboro News and Record, pp. A10. , 31 January; The Position and Course of the South (1851) DeBow's Review of the Southern and Western States, p. 231. , 2.2 (February; Potts III, J.B., Barry Hannah's Anti-Myth Method: Anti-Freudian Plots and Fractured Fairy Tales. (2001) Mississippi Quarterly, pp. 237-250. , 54.2; Powell, P., Edisto (1983), New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux; Pratt, M.L., Arts of the Contact Zone (1996) Ways of Reading. 4th edition, pp. 527-542. , In, Edited by David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. New York: Bedford Books; Punday, D., The Narrative Construction of Cyberspace: Reading Neuromancer, Reading Cyberspace Debates. (2000) College English, pp. 194-213. , 63.2, November; Pyron, D.A., Southern Daughter: The Life of Margaret Mitchell (1991), New York: Oxford University Press; Randall, A., The Wind Done Gone (2001), Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Reed, J.S., For Dixieland: The Sectionalism of I'll Take My Stand (1982) A Band of Prophets: The Vanderbilt Agrarians after Fifty Years, pp. 41-64. , In, Edited by William C. Havard and Walter Sullivan. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Reed, J.S., One South: An Ethnic Approach to Regional Culture (1982), Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Reeves, J., The South: Blacks, too, Proud to be Southern (2005) Greensboro News and Record, pp. A1+A8. , 25 November; Reid-Pharr, R., Conjugal Union: The Body, the House, and the Black American (1999), New York: Oxford University Press; Ripley, A., Scarlett: The Sequel to Margaret Mitchell's "Gone with the Wind." (1991), New York:Warner Books; Roberts, D., Living Southern in Southern Living (1996) Dixie Debates: Perspectives on Southern Cultures, pp. 85-98. , In, Edited by Richard H. King and Helen Taylor. New York: New York University Press; Romine, S., The Narrative Forms of Southern Community (1999), Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Romine, S., Where Is Southern Literature?: The Practice of Place in a Postsouthern Age (2002) South to a New Place: Region, Literature, Culture, pp. 23-43. , In, Edited by Suzanne Jones and Sharon Monteith. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Rorty, R., A Comment on Robert Scholes's 'Tlon and Truth.' (1993) Realism and Representation, pp. 186-189. , In, Edited by George Levine. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; Rowe, J., Southern Tales Stem from ' Jaw-Wagging Tradition.' (2006) Greensboro News and Record, pp. B1+B10. , 21 September; Ruppersburg, H., James Wilcox: The Normality of Madness (1997) Southern Writers at Century's End, pp. 32-43. , In, Edited by Jeffrey J. Folks and James A. Perkins. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky; Rutheiser, C., Imagineering Atlanta: The Politics of Place in the City of Dreams (1996), New York: Verso; Sacks, H.L., Sacks, J.R., Way Up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate Anthem (1995), Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press; Said, E., The World, the Text, and the Critic (1983), Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Saunders, T., Burt Reynolds' Former Sanctuary Is a Classic (2004) Atlanta Journal-Constitution, , www.ajc.com/business/content/business/private/0304/19private.html, March 19, Internet, 26 January; Scarry, E., The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (1985), New York: Oxford University Press; Schulz, J., Orphaning as Resistance (1993) The Female Tradition in Southern Literature, pp. 89-109. , Edited by Carol S. Manning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press; Schwartz, J.M., In Defense of Homesickness: Nine Essays on Identity and Locality (1989), Copenhagen:Akademisk Forlag; Simpson, L.P., The Man of Letters in New England and the South: Essays on the History of the Literary Vocation in America (1973), Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Singleton, G., Novel (2005), Orlando: Harcourt; Shklar, J.N., What Is the Use of Utopia? (1994) Heterotopia: Postmodern Utopia and the Body Politic, pp. 40-57. , Edited by Tobin Siebers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Smart-Grosvenor, V., Vibration Cooking: or, The Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl (1970), New York: Ballantine; Smith, C.R., From Real to Virtual and Back Again. (2004) Southern Living, p. 206. , 39.3, March; Smith, J., Review of Reconstructing Dixie, by Tara McPherson (2004) Mississippi Quarterly, pp. 666-671. , 57.4; Smith, J., Review of The Postsouthern Sense of Place in Contemporary Fiction (2006) Mississippi Quarterly, pp. 369-373. , by Martyn Bone, 59.2; Smith, J., 'The Typical Personality of the Colonized': Narcissism, Branding, and the Burden of Global-Southern History (2004), Paper delivered at the Southern Intellectual History Conference. Charleston, South Carolina, February; Smith, J., Cohn, D., Introduction: Uncanny Hybridities (2004) Look Away!: The U.S. South in New World Studies, pp. 1-24. , In, Edited by Jon Smith and Deborah Cohn. Durham: Duke University Press; Soja, E., Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions (2000), Malden, Mass.: Blackwell; Sommer, D., American Baroque (2003) Localizing Knowledge in a Globalizing World: Recasting the Area Studies Debate, pp. 25-36. , In, Edited by Ali Mirseppassi, Amrita Basu, and Frederick Weaver. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press; Stack, C., Return to Home: African-Americans Reclaim the Rural South (1996), New York: Basic Books; Starr, K., The Soul of Southern Cooking (2002), Montgomery: NewSouth Books; Stewart, S., On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection (1993), Durham:Duke University Press; Stock, A.D., Vintage Cookbooks: African Heritage Cuisine Blossoms (2000) Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, , www.post-gazette.com/food/200000203vint7.asp, 3 February, Internet, 21 February; Tate, A., The New Provincialism: With an Epilogue on the Southern Novel (1955) The Man of Letters in the Modern World: Selected Essays, 1928-1955, , In, New York: Meridian Books; Tate, A., Remarks on the Southern Religion (1930) I'll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition, pp. 155-175. , In, By Twelve Southerners, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Taylor, H., 'The Griot from Tennessee': The Saga of Alex Haley's Roots. (1993) Critical Quarterly, pp. 46-62. , 37.2, Spring; Taylor, H., Scarlett's Women: "Gone with the Wind" and Its Female Fans (1989), New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press; Thornton III, J.M., Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham, and Selma (2002), Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press; Three-Day Weekend: Franklin, Tennessee (2004) Turner South Cable Network, , 27 January; Tolson, J., Pilgrim in the Ruins: A Life of Walker Percy (1992), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Toole, J.K., A Confederacy of Dunces (1980), New York: Grove Weidenfeld; Trescot, W.H., The Position and Course of the South (1850), Charleston: Steam Power-Press of Walker and James; Southerners, T., I'll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition (1930), Baton Rouge:Louisiana State University Press; Urban Farmers' Markets: Everything Old Is New Again (2006) Taste of the South, 2, p. 68. , Summer; Urgo, J.R., The Yoknapatawpha Project: The Map of a Deeper Existence. (2004) Mississippi Quarterly, pp. 639-655. , 57.4, Fall; Walker, A., Everyday Use (1973) Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women, pp. 47-59. , In In, New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich; Walker, A., A Letter of the Times, or Should This Sado-Masochism Be Saved (1981) You Can't Keep a Good Woman Down, pp. 118-123. , In, London: Woman's Press; Walker, A., Meridian (1976), New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich; Warren, R.P., Don'ts for Regionalists. (1936) American Review, 8, pp. 148-166; Weinstein, P., Cant Matter /Must Matter: Setting up the Loom in Faulknerian and Postcolonial Fiction (2004) Look Away!: The U.S. South in New World Studies, pp. 355-382. , In, Edited by Jon Smith and Deborah Cohn. Durham: Duke University Press; Weiss, G., Body Images: Embodiment as Intercorporeality (1999), New York: Routledge; Wells, P., The Last Rebel: Southern Rock and Nostalgic Continuities (1996) Dixie Debates:Perspectives on Southern Cultures, pp. 115-129. , In, Edited by Richard H. King and Helen Taylor. New York:New York University Press; Wells, R., Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (1996), New York: HarperPerennial; West, N., The Day of the Locust (1939), New York: New Directions; Weston, R., Barry Hannah: Postmodern Romantic (1998), Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Wilbur, S., An Archaeology of Cyberspaces: Virtuality, Community, Identity (1997) Internet Culture, pp. 5-22. , In, Edited by David Porter. New York: Routledge; Wilcox, J., Heavenly Days (2003), New York: Viking; Wilcox, J., Modern Baptists (1983), Boston: Little, Brown; Wilcox, J., North Gladiola (1985), Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; Wilcox, J., Sort of Rich (1989), New York: Perennial Library; Williams, L., Playing the Race Card: Melodramas of Black and White from Uncle Tom to O. J. Simpson (2001), Princeton: Princeton University Press; Williams, R., Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (1988), Revised edition. London:Fontana Press; Witt, D., Black Hunger: Food and the Politics of U.S. Identity (1999), New York: Oxford University Press; Wolfe, T., A Man in Full (1998), New York: Bantam; Yaeger, P., Introduction: Narrating Space (1996) The Geography of Identity, pp. 1-38. , In, Edited by Patricia Yaeger. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Yaeger, P., Consuming Trauma; or, The Pleasures of Merely Circulating. (1997) Journal X, pp. 225-251. , 1.2; Yoder, E.M., Thoughts on the Dixiefication of Dixie (1983) Dixie Dateline: A Journalistic Portrait of the Contemporary South, , In, Edited by John Boles. Houston: Rice University Studies; Žižek, S., Enjoy Your Symptom!: Jacques Lacan in Hollywood and Out (2001), New York: Routledge; Žižek, S., On Belief (2001), London: Routledge; Žižek, S., The Matrix: or, The Two Sides of Perversion (2002) The Matrix and Philosophy, , In, Edited by William Irwin. Peru, Ill.: Carus; Žižek, S., The Plague of Fantasies (1998), London, Verso},
correspondence_address1={Romine, S.},
publisher={Louisiana State University Press},
isbn={9780807133293},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Real South: South. Narrative in the Age of Cultural Reprod.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Haymann200844,
author={Haymann, D.},
title={The local art market and cultural management® [El mercado del arte local y la gestión cultural®]},
journal={Revista 180},
year={2008},
volume={21},
pages={44-45},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-66449109546&partnerID=40&md5=86431c4f723b2ff064e0cdde3ae323ff},
affiliation={Gestora Cultural, Santiago, Chile},
abstract={Chile has been recognized internationally for its economic, political and social achievements. In the economic and political spheres, Chile has achieved economic stability, the consolidation of democracy, free trade treaties and respect for the state of law. In the area of social welfare, there have been advances in education, health, housing and culture. All of these factors place Chile in a privileged position within the region. In the cultural area, the Cultural Industry (books, musical and audiovisual) in Chile for the first time contributes 1,3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), considering 2007-2008, superior to the fishing sector (1,02%), agriculture (0,66%) and textile industry (0,78%). If we take a closer look at the art market, UNESCO statistics show that this sector has grown one thousand per cent in the last fifty years. No other investment or financial mechanism is as profitable. The art market works as an investment and a stable unit at times of inflation, crisis, war, and other circumstances. This panorama has a direct impact on the movement and development of the local art market. However, in Chile, the art economy is a complex world. There is an old regulatory framework for visual arts, but the possibility exists to expand within the new global economy. The massification of the Chilean art market has been slow and highly informal in its evolution. This article attempts to assess and show the general state of the visual art market in Chile. It also aims to show that there is an opportunity for cultural producers to collaborate with visual artists in order to further the art market.},
author_keywords={Art market;  Cultural management;  Vanguard;  Visual arts},
references={Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes,Informe del Comité de Estadísticas Culturales, Santiago, Chile, agosto de 2005. www.consejodelacultura.cl/portal/home/indexphp?page=seccion &seccion=108; Arturo Navarro Ceardi, artículo Estudio acceso y consumo cultural, Santiago, Chile, agosto de 2005. arturo-navarro.blogspot.com/2007/04/acceso-y- consumo-cultural. html+centro+cultural+estacion+mapocho+estadisticas+adimar k&hl=es&ct=clnk&cd=1; Santiago Consultores,solicitado por Corfo.Diagnósticos y propuestas regionales para el fomento del sector cultural, en las regiones II, IV, V, VIII, IX y X del país. Santiago, Chile, 2005-2006; Llanes Gómez, O., Cuba en el mercado del arte, , www.pinarte.cult.cu/mapri/text/cuba-en-arte.htm, Cuba; (2005) Melba Claudio y Dalia Haymann. Boletín de Gestión Cultural "Mercado del arte contemporáneo", , www.gestioncultural.org/gc/boletin/2005/bgc12-mercadodelarte.htm, Barcelona, España; Christie's Lecture. How do we value works of art www.christies.com; Sotheby's. Press Release Sale of Contemporary Art, Nueva York, USA, mayo de 2007. www.sothebys.com; Amigos del Arte y Banco Santander Santiago. Informe Índice Santander-Amigos del Arte. Santiago, Chile, julio de 2004; Mitchell, W., (1999) E-topia urban life, Jim-but not as we know it, , The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, London, England},
correspondence_address1={Haymann, D.; Gestora Cultural, Santiago, Chile},
publisher={Universidad Diego Portales},
issn={07182309},
language={Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. 180},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Azuelos2008315,
author={Azuelos, M.},
title={The distinctive features of the current era of economic globalization [Les spécificités économiques de la mondialisation contemporaine]},
journal={Bulletin d'Association de Geographes Francais},
year={2008},
volume={85},
number={3},
pages={315-323},
doi={10.3406/bagf.2008.2627},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-55049136471&doi=10.3406%2fbagf.2008.2627&partnerID=40&md5=109633e8d856c6927a6fe3006a34fcdf},
affiliation={Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III, CERVEPAS (EA 3960), Paris, France},
abstract={In the current era, globalization has much in common with earlier stages, the first of which can be traced back to the Age of Discovery. Thus, it is characterized by expanding foreign trade and investment which, with the end of Cold War polarization, can reach into ever-widening spheres. However, it also has distinctive features, i.e. global supply chain management and financial globalization. In today's world global firms and financial markets are the main drivers of increased interdependence between men and territories.},
author_keywords={Financial globalization;  Global supply chain;  Globalization;  International investment;  International trade},
keywords={economic development;  financial market;  global economy;  globalization;  international trade},
references={ADDA J., 2001.- La mondialisation de l'économie. 2 Paris, Éditions La Découverte, 252 p; AZUELOS, M., Entrées Déréglementation , Économie , Firme multinationale et Libéralisation et altermondialisme (2006) Dictionnaire des mondialisations, , », dir, Paris, Armand Colin; BERGER, S., (2003) Notre première mondialisation, , Paris, Editions du Seuil, 95 p; (2006) World Investment Report 2006 / Rapport sur l'investissement dans le monde 2006, , CNUCED; (2007) World Investment Report 2007 / Rapport sur l'investissement dans le monde 2007, , CNUCED; (2007) World Economic Report, , FMI, 2007; (2006) Dictionnaire des mondialisations, , GHORRA-GOBIN C, dir, Paris, Armand Colin; GRATALOUP, C., Entrée Mondialisation (2006) Dictionnaire des mondialisations, , », dir, Paris, Armand Colin; (2007) Le Commerce mondial, , OMC; PORTER, M., (1985) L'avantage concurrentiel, , Paris, Dunod, 647 p; REICH, R.B., (1992) L'économie mondialisée, , Paris, Dunod, 336 p},
correspondence_address1={Azuelos, M.; Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III, , Paris, France; email: martine.azuelos@univ-paris3.fr},
publisher={Association de Geographes Francais},
issn={00045322},
language={French},
abbrev_source_title={Bull. Assoc. Geogr. Fr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koseki2008449,
author={Koseki, Y.},
title={Mango industry in Taiwan and its survival strategy in the global market},
journal={Geographical Review of Japan},
year={2008},
volume={81},
number={6},
pages={449-469},
doi={10.4157/grj.81.449},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-48749119595&doi=10.4157%2fgrj.81.449&partnerID=40&md5=9b1f204c747dc9782a18a1b3d891e0e7},
affiliation={Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={Taiwan, which joined the World Trade Organization in 2002, has been working hard to restructure its agriculture in an attempt to increase the international competitiveness of agricultural commodities. This paper examines Taiwan's mango industry in the globalizing economy and possible ways of expanding the export of mangos to Japan, a niche market for Taiwanese growers. Intensive field studies were conducted in Yujing village, Tainan county which is Taiwan's major mango-producing region. Following the end of World War II, the Irwin mango was successfully introduced from Florida, USA, which promoted the commercial production of mangos. However, Yujing now faces such problems as the aging of farmers, shortage of successors, dependence on temporary labor, increasing production costs, and low market prices due to overproduction. Cooperative marketing by farmers associations is not functioning well. In addition, Taiwan's mangos, due to high production and delivery costs, are facing severe competition with products from other parts of the world in the Japanese market. Under such circumstances, a sustained market outlet needs to be established which could guarantee a stable market price so that farmers can continue to engage in mango production and to receive stable incomes. To achieve this, it is necessary to reinforce farmers' cooperative marketing as it protects farmers by stabilizing market prices and saving labor while ensuring the quantity required for export by cooperative sorting and grading of fruit. Farmers' cooperative marketing will also play an important role in coping with such problems as the aging of farmers, shortage of successors, and management of fields owned by elderly farmers. To maintain and develop mango exports to Japan, a system of traceability needs to be established as it is required in the Japanese market. Guaranteed purchase prices and contract farming may stabilize the supply of mangos. In the Japanese market, Taiwan also needs to enhance the value of its mangos with safety and quality. The price of Taiwan's mangos is lower than that of the same variety produced in Okinawa and Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, and therefore, it would be possible for Taiwan to expand the export of mangos to Japan targeting general consumers. As Taiwan's agricultural products, including mangos, have difficulties in competing in the international market, one method of increasing competitiveness is to establish a brand targeting a niche market. The strategy of production and marketing plays a key role in surviving in the global market.},
author_keywords={Export industry;  Japanese market;  Mango cultivation;  Taiwan;  World Trade Organization},
keywords={agricultural market;  agricultural trade;  agricultural worker;  agroindustry;  cultivation;  export;  fruit production;  global economy;  marketing;  World Trade Organization, Asia;  Eurasia;  Far East;  Japan;  Tainan;  Taiwan},
references={Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Japanese source; Atkins, P., Bowler, I., (2001) Food in society: Economy, culture, geography, , London: Arnold; Coote, B., (1992) The trade trap: Poverty and the global commodity markets, , Oxford: Oxfam; Koseki, Y., Taiwan's banana-producing regions and the Japanese market (2006) Geographical Review of Japan, 79, pp. 216-236; Takayanagi, N., Global flows of fruit and vegetables in the third food regime (2006) Journal of Rural Community Studies, 102, pp. 25-41; Taylor, T., Evolution of the banana multinationals (2003) Banana wars: The anatomy of a trade dispute, pp. 67-96. , ed. T. Josling and T. Taylor, Cambridge: CABI Publishing},
correspondence_address1={Koseki, Y.; Center for Spatial Information Science, , Tokyo, Japan},
publisher={Association of Japanese Geographers},
issn={13479555},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={Geogr. Rev. Jpn.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Addison2007166,
author={Addison, T.},
title={Post-conflict recovery: New wars and the global economy},
journal={The Globalization of Political Violence: Globalization's Shadow},
year={2007},
pages={166-180},
doi={10.4324/9780203935699},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84917274250&doi=10.4324%2f9780203935699&partnerID=40&md5=ca914869a99d8cc9740cb7d41ad15bdc},
affiliation={Brooks World Poverty Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom},
correspondence_address1={Addison, T.; Brooks World Poverty Institute, University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Routledge Taylor & Francis Group},
isbn={0203935691; 9780203935699},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Glob. of Polit. Violence: Glob. Shad.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Bunker20071,
author={Bunker, S.G. and Ciccantell, P.S.},
title={East Asia and the global economy: Japan's ascent, with implications for China's future},
journal={East Asia and the Global Economy: Japan's Ascent, with Implications for China's Future},
year={2007},
pages={1-250},
note={cited By 29},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881305624&partnerID=40&md5=7caa969b3db470bbb8d41458c7e3e94c},
abstract={After World War II, Japan reinvented itself as a shipbuilding powerhouse and began its rapid ascent in the global economy. Its expansion strategy integrated raw material procurement, the redesign of global transportation infrastructure, and domestic industrialization. In this authoritative and engaging study, Stephen G. Bunker and Paul S. Ciccantell identify the key factors in Japan's economic growth and the effects this growth had on the reorganization of significant sectors of the global economy. Bunker and Ciccantell discuss what drove Japan's economic expansion, how Japan globalized the work economy to support it, and why this spectacular growth came to a dramatic halt in the 1990s. Drawing on studies of ore mining, steel making, corporate sector reorganization, and port/rail development, they provide valuable insight into technical processes as well as specific patterns of corporate investment. East Asia and the Global Economy introduces a theory of "new historical materialism" that explains the success of Japan and other world industrial powers. Here, the authors assert that the pattern of Japan's ascent is essential for understanding China's recent path of economic growth and dominance and anticipating what the future may hold. © 2007 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved.},
references={Rio tinto subsidiary pacific coal opens new Qld. Mine (2003) AAP Newsfeed, , November 5; (2006) Macarthur Coal to Develop Five New Mines, , February 15; Abe, E., Japanese business culture: The government, mainstream enterprises and mavericks in the steel industry (1999) Asia Pacific Business Review, 6 (2), pp. 21-28; Abegglen, J., Stalk, G., (1985) Kaisha: The Japanese Corporation, , New York: Basic Books; Abbott, A., Of time and space: The contemporary relevance of the chicago school (1997) Social Forces, 75 (4), pp. 1149-1182; Ackerman, E., (1953) Japan's Natural Resources and their Relation to Japan's Economic Future, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Shanghai baosteel to set up US$8 billion steel JV in Brazil (2003) AFX-Asia, , June 23; (2004) China Urged to Spend 10 Bln. USD on Shipping to Boost Energy Security, , January 7; BHP/CVRD in JV to rationalise alegria complex in Brazil (2000) AFX-European Focus, , May 31; China NDRC official says government to have its say in iron ore price talks (2005) AFX International Focus, , November 25; (2006) China, Japan Reach 'Understanding' Prior to Next Iron Ore Talks, , March 1; China to restructure coal industry, forming 8-10 large firms (2003) AFX News, , December 21; (2004) Japan Major Shipbuilders Saw Three-Fold Surge in Orders Last Year, , January 25; (2004) BHP Wins 9 Bln. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press; Simmons, M., (2005) Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy, , Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons; Four Chinese steel makers acquired overseas iron mine equity (2004) Sinocast, , March 3; (2006) New Shougang to Overtake Global Counterparts, , January 20; (2006) CVRD Said to be Suspect of Violating Negotiation Rules, , May 26; Samsung heavy to invest USD500MN in weihai shipbuilding (2006) Sinocast Transportation Watch, , February 8; (2006) China Shipbuilding Becomes Global No. 3, , February 16; CVRD/baosteel in long-term iron ore contracts (2004) Skillings Mining Review, 93 (1), p. 17; (2004) Rio Tinto Reaches Iron Ore Price Settlement with Nippon, 93 (2), p. 27; (2005) CVRD's CEO Agnelli Comments on 2005 Iron Ore Prices, 94 (1), p. 11; (2005) China Investing in Australian Iron Ore Mines, 94 (10), p. 5; (2005) Rio Tinto Expanding Yandi Iron Ore, Dampier Port, 94 (10), p. 8; (2005) Fortescue Sells Iron Ore to China, 94 (10), p. 8; (2005) Cazaly Discusses Shovelanna Iron Ore, 94 (12), p. 9; (2006) Alliance Promotes Geraldton Growth, 95, p. 1. , 12; (2006) Iron Mining to Resume on Koolan Island, 95 (4), p. 17; (2006) Brazilian Iron Miners Ask Government to Confront China, , April 21; (2006) China Rejects CVRD Proposed 24% Price Hike, , April 21; (2006) Cape Lambert Iron ore in MOU with Sinosteel, 95 (5), p. 10; Sklair, L., Globalisation and the corporations: The case of the California fortune global 500 (1998) International Journal of Urban and Regional Science, 22, pp. 195-215; Sklair, L., (2000) The Transnational Capitalist Class, , Oxford: Blackwell Publishers; Smart, A., Hsu, J.-Y., The Chinese diaspora, foreign investment and economic development in China (2004) Review of International Affairs, 3 (4), pp. 544-566; Smith, A., Sanko: The consequences reach out (1985) Bulk Systems International, pp. 17-19. , October; Smith, D.W., American consul general to department of state (1952) Foreign Relations of the United States, , August 6. 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Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press; Wailes, G., Export metallurgical coal mine costs (2004) AusIMM Bulletin, 2, pp. 44-45; Wald, M., U.S. loans for reactors in China draw objections (2005) New York Times, , February 28; CVRD and nippon steel reach an agreement for the supply of 70 million tons of iron ore (2004) Wall Street Journal, , May 17; Wallace, S., Xstrata to buy glencore coal units for $2.5 billion (2002) Bloomberg News, , February 21; Wallerstein, I., (1974) The Modern World-System, , New York: Academic Press; Wallerstein, I., (1980) The Modern World-System II: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750, , New York: Academic Press; Wang, G., (1991) China and the Chinese Overseas, , Singapore: Times Academic Press; Wang, J., Ng, A.K.-Y., Olivier, D., Port governance in China: A review of policies in an era of internationalizing port management practices (2004) Transport Policy, 11, pp. 237-250; Waring, P., Barry, M., The changing frontier of control in coal: Evidence from a decade of enterprise bargaining in the Australian black coal mining industry (2001) Australian Bulleting of Labour, 27 (3), pp. 216-237; Warren, K., (2001) Big Steel: The First Century of the United States Steel Corporation 1901-2001, , Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; Watson, N., China helps rosneft pay for yukos (2005) Thedeal.com, , January 24; Watts, J., A hunger eating up the world (2005) Guardian, , November 10; Way, N., Level-pegging at the pilbara (2003) Business Review Weekly, p. 22. , March 27; Wayne, L., Barboza, D., Unocal deal: A lot more than money is at issue (2005) New York Times, , June 24; Wellman, B., (1999) Networks in the Global Village, , Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Welsh, A., CVRD net rose 14.4% in quarter (2004) Wall Street Journal, , May 13; Werner, R., No recovery without reform? An evaluation of the evidence in support of the structural reform argument in Japan (2004) Asian Business and Management, 3 (1), pp. 7-38; Westar Annual Report, , Westar Mining. Various years Vancouver: Westar Mining; (2005) 2005 Annual Report, , Western Canadian Coal Vancouver: Western Canadian Coal; Whitman, R., Steel (1965) Mineral Facts and Problems, pp. 847-873. , United States Bureau of Mines 1965 Edition. Bulletin 630. Washington, D.C.: United States Bureau of Mines; Whittington, F., Letter from whittington to benjamin graham, graham-newman corporation (1953) Foreign Relations of the United States, , February 26 843.2552/2-2753; Whittington, F., Collinsville coking coal from the bowen Basin, Australia, for Japan (1953) Foreign Relations of the United States, , July 24 843.2552/1.2453; Williamson, J., (1965) A Short History of British Expansion: The Old Colonial Empire, , 3rd ed. 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London: Macmillan; Wilson, A., Rio tinto doubles annual profit to US$5.2 billion (2006) AAP Newsfeed, , February 2; Wilson, A., Costello calls for market prices in wake of iron ore reports (2006) AAP Newsfeed, , March 9; Wolf, C., Fault lines in China's economic terrain (2004) Asia-Pacific Review, 11 (1), pp. 58-72; Wong, C., Teck cominco reports Q4 profit of $510M, up from $285M a year ago (2006) Canadian Press Newswire, , February 1; Woo, J.-E., (1991) Race to the Swift: State and Finance in Korean Industrialization, , New York: Columbia University Press; (1980) Coal-Bridge to the Future, , World Coal Study (WOCOL) Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger; Wu, J., The mineral industry of Japan (2001) Minerals Yearbook, 2001, , Washington, D.C.: United States Geological Survey; Wyatt, S., Jostling for position to lure perfect suitor: More mergers expected as iron ore industry enjoys turnround (2000) Financial Times, p. 30. , August 9; Wyatt, S., Nakamoto, M., Joint bid launched for QCT resources (2000) Financial Times, p. 24. , August 29; Xiaoguang, K., Political development and political stability in the era of reform (2003) Chinese Economy, 35 (5), pp. 6-92; China's shipbuilding industry more attractive to global market (2004) Xinhua, , January 16; China to resist iron ore price increase at global negotiations (2006) Global News Wire, , February 17; Yaghmaian, B., Globalisation and the state: The political economy of global accumulation and its emerging mode of regulation (1998) Science and Society, 62, pp. 241-265; Yakushiji, T., The government in a spiral dilemma: Dynamic policy interventions vis-à-vis auto firms, c. 1900-c.1960 (1984) The Economic Analysis of the Japanese Firm, pp. 265-310. , M. Aoki (ed.) Amsterdam: North-Holland; Yamamoto, S., Shipbuilding (1980) An Industrial Geography of Japan, pp. 163-175. , Kiyoji Murata (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press; Yamamoto, S., Murakami, M., Iron and steel (1980) An Industrial Geography of Japan, pp. 139-151. , Kiyoji Murata and Isamu Ota New York: St. Martin's Press; Yanaga, C., (1968) Big Business in Japanese Politics, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Yeung, H., Olds, K., (2000) Globalization of Chinese Business Firms, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Yonekura, S., (1994) The Japanese Iron and Steel Industry, 1850-1990: Continuity and Discontinuity, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Yonekura, S., The functions of industrial associations (1999) The Japanese Economic System and its Historical Origins, pp. 180-207. , Tetsuji Okazaki and Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara (eds.) Oxford: Oxford University Press; York, G., China frantic for energy supplies (2004) Globe and Mail, , November 29; Yoshimatsu, H., Social demand, state capability and globalization: Japan-China trade friction over safeguards (2002) Pacific Review, 15 (3), pp. 381-408; Yoshino, M.Y., Lifson, T., (1986) The Invisible Link: Japan's Sogo Shosha and the Organization of Trade, , Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Young, A., (1979) The Sogo Shosha: Japan's Multinational Trading Companies, , Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press; Yuzo, K., (1990) Yokohama Past and Present, , Yokohama: Yokohama City University; Zarocostas, J., Global sea trade rising 4% a year (2005) Lloyd's List International, p. 5. , November 9; Zhu, J., Local developmental state and order in China's urban development during transition (2004) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28 (2), pp. 424-447; Zweig, D., Bi, J., China's global hunt for energy (2005) Foreign Affairs, 84 (5), pp. 25-26. , 27-30, 31-32, 33-36, 37-38},
publisher={The Johns Hopkins University Press},
isbn={0801885930; 9780801885938},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={E. Asia and the Global Economy: Japan's Ascent, with Implications for China's Fut.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Semati2007143,
author={Semati, M.},
title={Media, the state, and the prodemocracy movement in Iran},
journal={Negotiating Democracy: Media Transformations in Emerging Democracies},
year={2007},
pages={143-160},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856835040&partnerID=40&md5=5b21d9aca63ba039b215fc0df17fd714},
affiliation={Eastern Illinois University, United States},
abstract={THE ONGOING CONFLICTS in the Middle East and the Iraq War have recently highlighted the importance of the Middle East to international affairs and to the global economy vis-à-vis the world energy supplies of oil and natural gas. They have also highlighted the need to study various societies in the Middle East. Iran's significance to the extant political equations in the Middle East is readily apparent. Its role in the world energy sector, its political and economic relationships to various states in central Asia, its close ties to the emerging political system in Iraq, its antagonistic relationship to the United States, its complicated foreign policy postures, and the ongoing dispute regarding its alleged interest in developing nuclear weapons all underscore Iran's strategic significance on several grounds. © 2007 by State University of New York Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Alikhah, F., The politics of satellite television in iran Media, Culture, and Society in Iran: Living with Theocracy and Globalization, , In M. Semati (Ed.); Aras, B., Transformation of the iranian political systemTowards a new model? (2001) Middle East Review of International Affairs, 5 (3), pp. 12-19; Bashiriyeh, H., Dibache-i bar jame'eh-shenasi siasi iran dowreye jomhuri islami (2001) An Introduction to the Political Sociology of Iran: The Period of the Islamic Republic, , Tehran: Negah-e Moasser; Brumberg, D., (2001) Reinventing Khomeini: The Struggle for Reform in Iran, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Ehteshami, A., (1995) After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic, , London: Routledge; Gheissari, A., Nasr, V., (2005) Iran's Democracy Debate, , http://www.fis-iran.org/index.php/vol21iss4/1234567891, Iran Nameh, 22, 1-2. Retrieved December 12, 2005; Jalaipour, H.R., Three years of reforms movement on press' shoulder (2000) Goonagoun, 2, pp. 6-9. , ( June 29); Jami, M., (2005) Weblagestan Dar Astane Entekhabat, BBCPersian Com, , http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2005/04/050417_mj-iran-election- web-logs.shtml, June 15. Retrieved January 13, 2006, from; Johnson, D., (2005) The Iran Channel.Washington Post, , http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52897-2005Jan31.html, February 1.. Retrieved December 12, 2005, from; Kamrava, M., The civil society discourse in iran (2001) British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 28 (2), pp. 165-185; Keddie, N.R., (2003) Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution in Iran, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Khiabany, G., Forthcoming the iranian press, state, and civil society Living with Theocracy and Globalizaion, , In M. Semati (Ed.), Media, culture, and society in Iran; Khiabany, G., Sreberny, A., The iranian press and the continuing struggle over civil society 1998-2000 (2001) Gazette, 62 (2-3), pp. 203-223; Khiabany, G., Sreberny, A., The women's press in contemporary iran engendering the public sphere (2004) Women and Media in the Middle East, pp. 15-38. , In N. Sakr (Ed.), London: Tauris; Milani, A., US foreign policy and the future of democracy in iran (2005) The Washington Quarterly, 28 (3), pp. 41-56. , http://www.twq.com/05summer/docs/05summer_milani.pdf, (The Web edition). Retrieved December 12, 2005; Mohammadi, A., Iran and modern media in the age of globalization (2003) Iran Encountering Globalization: Problems and Prospects, pp. 24-46. , In A. Mohammadi (Ed.), London: Routledge Cruzon; Mohammadi, M., (1999) Iranian Civil Society, , Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz; Mousavi, S.S.M., Globalization and contradiction between the nation and the state in iran the internet case (2003) Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, 12 (2), pp. 189-195; Nooshin, L., Underground, overground rock music and youth discourses in iran (2005) Iranian Studies, 38 (3), pp. 463-494; Rahimi, B., Cyberdissent internet in revolutionary iran (2003) Middle East Review of International Affairs, 7 (3). , http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2003/issue3/jv7n3a7.html, Retrieved January 13, 2006; Saba, S., (2004) Exile Call Prompts Iran Protests, , http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3694594.stm, December 27.. BBC. Retrieved December 5, 2005; Sadri, A., Still alive varieties of religious reform in iran (2002) The Iranian, , http://www.iranian.com/AhmadSadri/2002/February/Reform/index.html, February 4Retrieved January 17, 2006, from; Sakr, N., (2001) Satellite Realms: Transnational Television, Globalization, and the Middle East, , London: Tauris; Samii, A., The contemporary iranian news media, 1998-1999 (1999) Middle East Review of International Affairs, 3 (4), pp. 1-10; Samii, A., Sisyphus newsstand the iranian press under khatami (2001) Middle East Review of International Affairs, 5 (3), pp. 1-11; Slavin, B., (2005) Internet Boom Alters Political Process in Iran, , http://www.USAtoday.com, June 13 Retrieved November 23, 2005; Sreberny-Mohammadi, A., Mohammadi, A., (1994) Small Media, Big Revolution: Communication, Culture, and the Iranian Revolution, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Swift, L., (2005) Iran's War on Weblogs: The New Voice of Dissidents, , http://portal.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/11/28/ wblog28.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/11/28/ixnewstop.html, November 28. Retrieved January 23, 2006, from; Tabaar, M.A., The beloved great satan the portrayal of the uS (2005) The Iranian Media since, 9 (11); Vaseteh, Journal of the European Society for Iranian Studies, 1 (1), pp. 63-78; Takeyh, R., Iran's emerging national compact (2002) World Policy Journal, 19 (3). , http://worldpolicy.org/journal/articles/wpj02-3/takeyh.html, Retrieved November 25, 2005},
correspondence_address1={Semati, M.; Eastern Illinois UniversityUnited States},
publisher={State University of New York Press},
isbn={9780791472330},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Negotiating Democr.: Media Transformations in Emerg. Democracies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ruggie200723,
author={Ruggie, J.G.},
title={Global markets and global governance: The prospects for convergence},
journal={Global Liberalism and Political Order: Toward A New Grand Compromise?},
year={2007},
pages={23-48},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74049083591&partnerID=40&md5=aefc2114888095b81d9063c12666c442},
affiliation={Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, United States},
abstract={THE CONCEPT OF embedded liberalism was intended to convey the manner by which the capitalist countries learned to combine the efficiency of markets with the broader values of community that socially sustainable markets themselves require in order to survive and thrive.1 That lesson did not come to them easily. It took the collapse of the Victorian era's variant of globalization-followed by, though not precisely in this order, World War I, extreme left wing revolution in Russia, extreme right wing revolutions in Italy and Germany, militarism in Japan, unprecedented international financial volatility, the shriveling of world trade and the Great Depression. Nor was that the end of it. The social strains produced by those upheavals were so powerful that the world descended into yet a second world war in the span of a single generation.2 When the lesson finally did take root, the new social understanding was described by different names in different countries: the New Deal state, social democracy, and the social market economy. But the underlying idea was the same: A grand social bargain whereby all sectors of society agreed to open markets, which in some cases had become heavily administered if not autarchic in the 1930s, but also to share the social adjustment costs that open markets inevitably produce. Governments played a key role in enacting and sustaining the embedded liberalism compromise: moderating the volatility of transaction flows across borders and providing social investments, safety nets, and adjustment assistance-but all the while pushing international liberalization within a framework of multilateral principles, norms, and institutions. In the industrialized world, this grand bargain formed the basis of one of the longest and most equitable periods of economic expansion in human history, from the 1950s into the 1990s.3 And it provided the institutional foundation for the newest wave of globalization, which is far broader in scope and deeper in reach than its nineteenth-century antecedent. But today, it seems, the lesson has to be learned all over again, only in far more difficult terrain. Why? Two related transformations have eroded the postwar compromise, one in the domestic political economies of capitalist countries, the other in their global context. On the domestic front, the broadly Keynesian macroeconomic policy tools with which the compromise was associated succumbed long ago to attacks from monetarism, rational expectationism, supply side economics, and other approaches consistent with more orthodox, or neoliberal, economic views and preferences. As Mark Blyth has put it, "attacking embedded liberalism meant attacking Keynesian ideas" (2002, 126)-though there was no inherent reason why technical defects in the policy tools should have undermined underlying preferences. That link, in turn, is best accounted for by the fact that the domestic political coalitions on which the compromise rested, expressing the different ways in which countries accommodated the new relationships among capital, labor, and the state, became increasingly incapable of delivering the goods effectively or, as in the case of the United States, unraveled altogether. The framework of embedded liberalism was challenged on a second front as well. It was predicated on the existence of an international economy: comprised of separate and distinct national markets, engaged in external transactions, conducted at arms length, which governments could buffer effectively at the border by point-of-entry measures such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and exchange rates. But markets and firms have gone increasingly global, threatening to leave behind merely national social bargains. Many developing countries are doubly disadvantaged, having never enjoyed the privilege of cushioning the adverse domestic effects of international market exposure in the first place, and lacking the resources, institutional capacity, and, in some cases, the interest on the part of their ruling elites to rise to the new challenges of globalization. The past is not inevitably prologue. But here is how United Nations Secretary- General Kofi Annan assessed the state of play at the Davos World Economic Forum in January 1999, ten months before antiglobalization protesters and the authorities waged the so-called Battle of Seattle at the ill-fated ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organization: Our challenge today is to devise a similar compact [similar to embedded liberalism] on the global scale, to underpin the new global economy. . . . Until we do, the global economy will be fragile and vulnerable-vulnerable to backlash from all the "isms" of our post-cold-war world: protectionism, populism, nationalism, ethnic chauvinism, fanaticism and terrorism. (Annan 1999) The magnitude of this task is monumental. For, while the world economy is becoming increasingly globalized, political authority remains fragmented and anchored in territorial states. International organizations cannot adequately compensate for the resulting governance gaps because they simultaneously lack the global reach of markets, firms, and civil society actors on one side, while being tightly constrained by territorial states on the other- in recent years, especially so by the United States. In a world comprised of sovereign states a stable economic order requires, I argued in the original embedded liberalism essay, the combination of three factors: shared social purposes, a supportive structure of state power, and a set of institutional means through which the shared purposes can be enacted (Ruggie 1982, 382). Thus, the prospects for a "new grand compromise" today- by which I mean some variant of "taking embedded liberalism global"4-hinges significantly on how these factors unfold in the current context. I can do little more than touch upon a few key dimensions of these very large issues in this chapter. Accordingly, in the first section I address whether the underlying principles of embedded liberalism could still provide the normative basis of a renewed compromise if appropriate means and the political will were found to institute them in the new global context- in light of antiglobalization concerns on the Left, the "new sovereigntist" reaction on the American Right, and the widespread move toward neoliberalism in between. The second section assesses the extent to which the Bush administration's turn against multilateralism is the consequence of a structural change in the distribution of world power, as many have argued, signaling a relatively permanent shift in US foreign policy, or is more volitional and, therefore, subject to modification or reversal. Presumably, if the former were to be the case then prospects for any multilateral reconstitution would be limited. To anticipate, I conclude that neither normative challenges nor the current structure of world power pose insuperable obstacles to reconstituting something like the embedded liberalism framework at the global level. The truly difficult challenges, therefore, may reside in the realm of agency and practice: who and how? Accordingly, in section three I suggest that, in contrast to the state-centric multilateralism of the international world that we are moving beyond, reconstituting a global version of embedded liberalism requires a multilateralism that actively embraces the potential contributions to global social organization by civil society and corporate actors; I briefly describe the domain of corporate social responsibility, and specifically Kofi Annan's "Global Compact," as examples of such a multilateral form. © 2007 State University of New York. All rights reserved.},
references={Americans on Globalization, , http://www.pipa.org/OnlineReports/Globalization/global_rep.html},
correspondence_address1={Ruggie, J.G.; Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, United States},
publisher={State University of New York Press},
isbn={9780791470459},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Global Liberalism and Polit. Order: Toward A New Grand Compromise?},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Feldman2007445,
author={Feldman, S.},
title={Social regulation in the time of war: Constituting the current crisis},
journal={Globalizations},
year={2007},
volume={4},
number={4},
pages={445-459},
doi={10.1080/14747730701695646},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51249160650&doi=10.1080%2f14747730701695646&partnerID=40&md5=9bd6902fb7ba1d8c83e133c1fafb600b},
affiliation={Cornell and Binghamton University, New York, United States},
abstract={The 'war on terror' is an iconic example of state violence-the transgression by one state violating the sovereignty of another. However, state violence is neither limited to cross-national transgressions nor associated only with wartime. Rather, state violence, and not only the threat of violence, constitutes politics everywhere and requires for its understanding rethinking development in the idiom of violence, where it is important to interpret violence as more than the effects of development interventions. Such an approach also encourages us to understand how violence is constituted in transgressor states. Empirically, I use the Danish cartoon scandal and the Dubai Ports World crisis in 2006 to offer two linked arguments. First, I suggest that the rhetorical climate surrounding events in the US cast inequality, particularly gender inequality, and violent opposition as occurring 'elsewhere', while framing inequality as difference and opposition as terrorism 'at home'. Second, I query critical studies of global hegemony for failing to acknowledge adequately hegemonic projects within the US as constitutive of its position in the world economy. Theoretically, I am concerned with why development debates consistently ignore the place of the US as a political space and see this argument as a way to recenter the salience of US cultural practices as vehicles for constructing specific imaginaries and normalizing hegemonic interpretations. The war on terror is thus best viewed as an aspect of the current neoliberal crisis that is constituted differently across the spatial domains of the global economy. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.},
references={Abrams, P., Notes on the difficulty of studying the state (1977) (1988) Journal of Historical Sociology, 1, pp. 58-89; Ali, T., This is the real outrage (2006) The Guardian, , 13 February; Althusser, L., Ideology in ideological state apparatuses (1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, , in L. Althusser (ed.), (London: New Left Books); Arrighi, G., Hegemony unravelling I (2005) New Left Review, 32, pp. 23-79. , March-April; Arrighi, G., Hegemony unravelling II (2005) New Left Review, 33, pp. 83-116. , May-June; Bridis, T., United Arab Emirates firm may oversee 6 U.S. ports (2006) The Washington Post, , February 12; (2006) Ports company will delay takeover, , http://edition.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/02/23/port.security/, CNN. com, 24 February; Corrigan, P., Sayer, D., (1985) The Great Arch: English State Formation as Cultural Revolution, , (Oxford: Basil Blackwell); Dalton, J., No matter how much things change, they seem to remain the same, in Statement of Principles Project for the Old American Century, , http://www.oldamericancentury.org/dalt1049.htm, n. d; Gill, S., Globalisation, market civilisation, and disciplinary Neoliberalism (1995) Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 24, pp. 399-423; Giroux, H.A., The terror of neoliberalism: Rethinking the significance of cultural politics (2005) College Literature, 32 (1), pp. 1-19; Gross, D., (2006) Obscure economic indicator: The guns-to-caviar index, good news! It's going down, Slate, , http://www.slate.com/id/2155445, 14 December; Hall, S., Culture, the media and the ideology effect (1979) Mass Communication and Society, , in J.M.G. Curran, J. Woollacott, J. Marriott & C. Roberts (eds.), (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage); Hall, S., The toad in the garden: Thatcherism among the theorists (1988) Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, , in C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (eds), (Champaign: University of Illinois Press); Harvey, D., (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, , (New York: Oxford University Press); Harvey, D., (2003) The New Imperialism, , (Oxford: Oxford University Press); Johnson, C., (2004) The Sorrows of Empire:Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, , (NewYork:MetropolitanBooks); Lutz, C., Making war at home in the United States: Militarization and the current crisis (2002) American Anthropologist, 104 (3), pp. 723-735; Makki, F., The empire of capital and the remaking of centre-periphery relations (2004) Third World Quarterly, 25 (1), pp. 149-168; (1990) The New Enclosures, , http://www.midnightnotes.org/pdfnewenc1.pdf, Midnight Notes; Montero, D., Pakistani riots about more than cartoons: Violent protests may have been influenced by poverty as much as religious fervor (2006) Christian Science Monitor, , 17 February; (2006) Editorial, p. 8. , 27 February, The Nation; (1997) Statement of principles, p. 1. , http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm, New American Century, 3 June; Piven, F.F., (2004) The War at Home: The Domestic Costs of Bush's Militarism, , (New York: New Press); Roberts, S., Secor, A., Sparke, M., Neoliberal geopolitics (2003) Antipode, 35, pp. 886-897; Robinson, W.I., (1998) Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention and Hegemony, , (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Sayer, A., (2003) Critical and Uncritical Cultural Turns, , http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/sayer-critical-and-uncritical-cultural-turns.pdf, Lancaster University; Sayer, A., (2004) Moral economy, , http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/sayer-moral-economy.pdf, Department of Sociology, Lancaster University; Scheer, R., (2006) In defense of free thought, Truthdig, , http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060306/scheer0222; Schneider, K.G., (2002) The patriot act: Last refuge of a scoundrel, , http://www.ala.org/al_onlineTemplate.cfm?Section2002columns1&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentlD=12585, American Libraries Association; Smith, M., Baxter, S., US generals 'will quit' if Bush orders Iran attack (2007) The Sunday Times, , 25 February; Sparke, M., American empire and globalization: Postcolonial speculations on neocolonial enframing (2003) Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 24 (3), pp. 373-389; Stiglitz, J., More instruments and broader goals: Moving towards a post-Washington Consensus (1998) WIDER Annual Lectures, (2). , Helsinki; Stiglitz, J., (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, , (New York: W. W. Norton & Co.); Stone, R., Wang, M., P & O takeover battle heats up (2006) The Wall Street Journal, pp. C4. , 27 January; Timmons, H., (2006) The New York Times, , November 2; Wallerstein, I., Globalization, or the age of transition? A long-term view of the trajectory of the world system (2000) International Sociology, 15, pp. 249-265; Weber, H., Reconstituting the 'third world'? Poverty reduction and territoriality in the global politics of development (2004) Third World Quarterly, 25, pp. 187-206; Weisman, J., Graham, B., Dubai firm to sell U.S. port operations (2006) Washington Post, , 12 March},
correspondence_address1={Feldman, S.; Cornell University, 394, Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; email: rf12@cornell.edu},
issn={14747731},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Globalizations},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuracina2007517,
author={Kuracina, W.F.},
title={Colonial India and external affairs: Relating Indian nationalism to global politics},
journal={Journal of Asian and African Studies},
year={2007},
volume={42},
number={6},
pages={517-532},
doi={10.1177/0021909607083218},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36248953714&doi=10.1177%2f0021909607083218&partnerID=40&md5=5819312db2e29f9052f884af9cd7854a},
affiliation={Syracuse University, United States; 101 Ostrom Avenue, New York, NY 13210, United States},
abstract={This essay relates the Indian National Congress's struggle against British imperialism to the global politics of the mid-1930s. While contextualizing the Congress's anti-colonialism as a world view intending to combat imperial systems of exploitation, this article postulates that the foreign policy of the post-colonial Indian state originated in the Congress's anti-imperialism and anti-fascism of the 1930s. Drawing on published sources that chart policy decisions and illustrate the attitudes of leading actors in the formulation of official policy, this article hypothesizes that the principles generated by inter-war exigencies proved to be incompatible ideologies for the construction of India's post-colonial foreign policy. Copyright © 2007 SAGE Publications.},
author_keywords={Anti-imperialism;  Colonial India;  Foreign policy;  Indian National Congress;  Indian nationalism},
keywords={colonialism;  foreign policy;  global economy;  imperialism;  nationalism;  politics},
references={Bose, S.C., (1994) Netaji: Collected Works, Vol. 8, 'Letters, Articles, Speeches and Statements, 1933-1937', , S.K. Bose and S. Bose. Netaji Research Bureau, Delhi: Oxford University Press. [NCW]; Bose, S.C., (1995) Netaji: Collected Works, Vol. 9, 'Congress President: Speeches, Articles and Letters, January 1938-May 1939', , S.K. Bose and S. Bose. Netaji Research Bureau, Delhi: Oxford University Press. [NCW]; Desai, B., (1938) Speeches of Bhulabhai Desai, 1934-1938, , Madras: G.A. Natesan; Gandhi, M., (1974) The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, , New Delhi: The Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. [CWMG]; Gandhi, M., (1977) The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, , New Delhi: The Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. [CWMG]; Narayan, J., (2003) Jayaprakash Narayan: Selected Works, , B. Prasad. New Delhi: Manohar. [JPSW]; Nehru, J., (1948) The Unity of India: Collected Writings 1937-1940, , New York: The John Day Company; Nehru, J., (1960) A Bunch of Old Letters, , New York: Asia Publishing House; Nehru, J., (1975) Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, , S. Gopal. New Delhi: Longman Orient Ltd. [SWJN]; Nehru, J., (1976) Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, , S. Gopal. New Delhi: Longman Orient Ltd. [SWJN]; Zaidi, A.M., (1987) INC: The Glorious Tradition, Volume Three (1928-1938), Texts of the Resolutions Passed by the INC, the AICC and the CWC, , New Delhi: Indian Institute of Applied Political Research; INC: The Glorious Tradition, Volume Four (1939-1950), Texts of the resolutions passed by the INC, the AICC and the CWC (1988) Indian Institute of Applied Political Research, , Zaidi, A.M. (ed.) New Delhi:},
correspondence_address1={Kuracina, W.F.; Syracuse UniversityUnited States; email: wfkuraci@maxwell.syr.edu},
issn={00219096},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Asian Afr. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Solingen2007757,
author={Solingen, E.},
title={Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina: The foundations of war and peace in East Middle East},
journal={American Political Science Review},
year={2007},
volume={101},
number={4},
pages={757-780},
doi={10.1017/S0003055407070487},
note={cited By 77},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36148987206&doi=10.1017%2fS0003055407070487&partnerID=40&md5=7dbe88a741e55b0326d2d433e2c141dd},
affiliation={University of California Irvine, United States; Department of Political Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States},
abstract={Athough turmoil characterized both the Middle East and East Asia in the two decades following World War II, the two regions looked dramatically different at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Since 1965 the incidence of interstate wars and militarized conflicts has been nearly five times higher in the Middle East, as was their severity, including the use of ballistic missiles and chemical weapons By contrast, declining militarized conflict and rising intraregional cooperation has replaced earlier patterns in East Asia. There are no systematic efforts explaining this contrast between Bella Levantina and an evolving Pax Asiatica. This article traces these diverging paths to competing domestic models of political survival East Asian leaders pivoted their political control on economic performance and integration in the global economy, whereas Middle East leaders relied on inward-looking self-sufficiency, state and military entrepreneurship, and a related brand of nationalism. I examine permissive and catalytic conditions explaining the models' emergence; their respective intended and unintended effects on states, military, and authoritarian institutions; and their implications for regional conflict. The final section distills conceptual and methodological conclusions.},
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Boulder, CO: Westview Press;; Noland, M., Pack, H., The East Asian Industrial Policy Experience: Implications for the Middle East (2005) Series, , Peterson Institute Working Paper, WP05-14, Peterson Institute for International Economics; Kristen, N., Development Through Want of Security: The Case of Taiwan (1998) Forum for Development Studies, 1, pp. 129-161; North, D.C., (1981) Structure and Change in Economic History, , New York: Norton; Ogle, G.E., (1990) South Korea: Dissent within the Economic Miracle, , London: Zed Books; Okimoto, D.I., (1989) Between MITI and the Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; Owen, R., Pamuk, S., (1999) A History of Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Owen, R., Pamuk, S., (1998) A History of Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century, , London: I. B. Tauris; Park, C.H., (1971) To Build a Nation, , Washington, DC: Acropolis; Park, C.H., (1976) Toward Peaceful Unification, , Seoul: Kwangmyong Publishing Company; Chung Hee, P., (1979) Korea Reborn: A Model for Development, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; Pempel, T.J., (1998) Regime Shift: Comparative Dynamics of the Japanese Political Economy, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; (2005) Remapping East Asia: The Construction of a Region, , Pempel, T. J, ed, Ithaca. Cornell University Press; Pierson, P., Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics (2000) American Political Science Review, 94 (2), pp. 251-267. , June; Picard, E., (1990) Arab Military in Politics: From Revolutionary Plot to Authoritarian Regime, pp. 189-219. , Luciani, ed; Przeworski, A., (1991) Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Adam, P., Alvarez, M., Cheibub, J.A., Limongi, F., What Makes Democracies Endure? (1996) Journal of Democracy, 7 (1), pp. 39-55. , January; Ravenhill, J., APEC Adrift: Implications for Economic Regionalism in Asia and the Pacific (2000) The Pacific Review, 13 (2), pp. 319-333; Richards, A., Waterbury, J., (1990) A Political Economy of the Middle East, , Boulder, CO: Westview; Rivlin, P., (2001) Economic Policy and Performance in the Arab World, , Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Rosecrance, R., (1986) The Rise of the Trading State, , New York: Basic Books; Rosecrance, R., (1999) The Rise of the Virtual State: Wealth and Power in the Coming Century, , New York: Basic Books; Rothstein, R.L., (1977) The Weak in the World of the Strong, , New York: Columbia University Press; Rothstein, R.L., Epitaph for a Monument to a Failed Protest? A North-South Retrospective (1988) International Organization, 42 (4), pp. 725-750. , Autumn; Ruggie, J.G., (1998) Constructing the world polity: Essays on international institutionalization, , New York: Routledge; Sadowski, Y.M., (1993) Scuds or Butter? The Political Economy of Arms Control in the Middle East, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Sala-i-Martin, Xavier, and Elsa V. Artadi. 2003. Economic Growth and Investment in the Arab World. The Arab World Competitiveness Report 2002-2003. 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Comparisons, , New York: Russell Sage Foundation. United Nations UN, Statistics Division. National Accounts Statistics, New York. 2004; Tripp, C., States, Elites and the Management of Change (2001) The State and Global Change, pp. 211-231. , ed. Hassan Hakimian and Ziba Moshaver. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon;; Van Evera, S., Hypotheses on Nationalism and War (1994) International Security, 18 (4), pp. 5-39. , Spring; Wade, R., (1990) Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization, , Princeton, Princeton University Press; Waterbury, J., (1983) The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: The Political Economy of Two Regimes, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Waterbury, J., The Political Management of Economic Adjustment and Reform (1989) Fragile Coalitions: The Politics of Economic Adjustment, pp. 39-55. , ed. Joan M. Nelson. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books; Weber, Max. 1949. 'Objectivity' in Social Science and Social Policy, In The Methodology of the Social Sciences, transl, and ed. by Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch. Glencoe, III: Free Press; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan, and Michael Brecher, , http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/icb, International Crisis Behavior Online; Wilson, R., The challenges of the global economy for Middle Eastern governments (2002) Dodge and Higgott, pp. 188-208; Woo-Cumings, M.J., National security and the rise of the developmental state in South Korea and Taiwan (1998) Behind East Asian Growth: The Political and Social Foundations of Prosperity, pp. 319-340. , ed. Henry S. Rowen. New York: Routledge; (1998) World Development Indicators, , World Bank, Washington DC: The World Bank; (1991) World Development Report, , World Bank, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Central Intelligence Agency, Rank Order-Military expenditures, , http://www.cia.gov, World Factbook},
correspondence_address1={Solingen, E.; Department of Political Science, , Irvine, CA, United States; email: esolinge@uci.edu},
issn={00030554},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. Polit. Sci. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dalby2007586,
author={Dalby, S.},
title={Regions, strategies and empire in the global war on terror},
journal={Geopolitics},
year={2007},
volume={12},
number={4},
pages={586-606},
doi={10.1080/14650040701546079},
note={cited By 46},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34748907805&doi=10.1080%2f14650040701546079&partnerID=40&md5=b101bc83f68516b63648568f3cfd8527},
affiliation={Department of Geography, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada},
abstract={The often overlooked economic dimensions of the current American national security strategy bridge the military policies of the neo-conservative Bush doctrine with the neo-liberal tendencies of economic globalisation. They do so by explicitly extending control into the "dangerous periphery" of the global economy by strategies that attempt to integrate these regions into the global economy. Reading recent official American defence documents in parallel with commentaries on the war on terror by popular authors Thomas Barnett and Robert Kaplan suggests a broad complementarity of geopolitical categories that link imperial military action directly with neo-liberal globalisation. Both rely on a dichotomous mapping of the world into civilised core and dangerous periphery, categories that reprise earlier imperial mappings of the world and replicate the violent practices of empire.},
keywords={geopolitics;  global economy;  globalization;  military intervention;  national security;  neoliberalism;  regional security;  terrorism, North America;  United States},
references={Sidaway, J., (2002) Imagined Regional Communities: Integration and Sovereignty in the Global South, , London: Routledge; Smith, A., Imagining Geographies of the 'New Europe': Geo-Economic Power and the New European Architecture of Integration' (2002) Political Geography 21/5, pp. 647-670; Sparke, M., (2005) In the Space of Theory, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Ibid., p. 111, citing Robert D. Kaplan, An Empire Wilderness: Travels into America's Future (New York: Vintage 1999); Lewis, M.W., Wigen, K.E., (1997) The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Agnew, J., (2003) Geopolitics: Revisioning World Politics, , 2nd ed, London: Routledge; Tuathail, G.O., (1996) Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2000) Empire, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Kaplan, R.D., (2005) Imperial Grunts: The American Military on the Ground, , New York: Random House; Barnett, T.P.M., The Pentagon's New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century, p. 2004. , New York: Putnam's; Barnett, T.P.M., Blueprint for Action: A Future Worth Creating, p. 2005. , New York: Putnam's; (2002) The National Security Strategy of the United States of America 2002, , Washington: The White House Feb; (2006) The National Security Strategy of the United States of America 2006, , Washington: The White House Feb; See W. S. Johnson, 'New Challenges for the Unified Command Plan', Joint Forces Quarterly (Summer 2002) pp. 62-70. The April 2002 version of The Commander's Map of the World is available online at <http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Apr2002/ 020417-D-6570-001.pdf>; Dodds, K., (1997) Geopolitics in Antarctica: Views from the Southern Oceanic Rim, , See, New York: Wiley; On how the global war on terror links these themes in the Sahel in particular see Jeremy Keenan, 'Waging War on Terror: The Implications of America's 'New Imperialism' for Saharan Peoples', The Journal of North African Studies 10/3-4 (Sept.-Dec. 2005) pp. 619-647; Barnes, S.T., Global Flows: Terror, Oil and Strategic Philanthropy (2005) Review of African Political Economy, 104, pp. 235-252. , 105; (2005) The Defense Strategy of the United States of America, , Washington: Department of Defense March; (2006) Quadrennial Defense Review Report, , Washington: Department of Defense Feb; Defense Strategy (note 17) pp. iv, 1; A theme emphasised again in the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (note 18); The evolution of American forces is a slow process, and institutional inertia a major obstacle to the transformation of forces advocated by Donald Rumsfeld in particular, as critics of the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review quickly pointed out. See Carl Conetta, 'QDR 2006: Do the Forces Match the Missions? DOD Gives Little Reason to Believe', Project on Defense Alternatives Briefing Memo #36 (10 Feb. 2006), available at <http://www.comw.org/pda/0602bm36.html>; Kaplan, Imperial Grunts, p. 4. , note 9 p; Kaplan, , p. 5; Kaplan, ; Kaplan, ; Ibid., p. 6, citing the 1980 reprint version of Bernard de Voto's The Course of Empire (New York: American Heritage 1980); The 'QDR 2006' specifies a US military presence in 2006 in 130 countries; Kaplan, Imperial Grunts (note 9) p. 10. One reviewer's comments printed on the dust jacket of Imperial Grunts suggest that Kaplan is America's Kipling; the imperial intertext is apparently seamless; While Kaplan cites Michael Howard's The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 2000) here, he might also have noted that a leading strategist recently adopted this phrasing as an overarching metaphor for his analysis of the current geopolitical situation;; Gray, C., (2004) The Sheriff: America's Defense of the New World Order, , see, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky; Kaplan, Imperial Grunts, p. 11. , note 9 p; Ferguson, N., (2003) Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, , New York: Basic Books; Kaplan, Imperial Grunts, p. 13. , note 9 p; Ibid., p. 37. Kaplan cites Marguerite Youncenar, Memoirs of Hadrian (New York: Noonday 1990 [orig. 1951]); Vest, J., Willful Ignorance: How the Pentagon Sent the Army to Iraq Without a Counterinsurgency Doctrine (2005) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, pp. 41-48. , On why this might be the case, see, July/Aug; Kaplan, Imperial Grunts (note 9) p. 254, citing Winston Churchill's The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War (New York: Barnes and Nobel 1993 [orig. '1898]); Barnett's map, , http://www.thomaspmbarnett.com/ pnm/map_index.htm, is available online at; Dalby, S., The Pentagon's New Imperial Cartography: Tabloid Realism and the War on Terror' (2007) Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror and Political Violence, pp. 295-308. , Derek Gregory and Allan Pred eds, New York: Routledge; Aylwin-Foster, N., Changing the Army for Counter Insurgency Operations (2005) Military Review, pp. 2-15. , On discussions by practitioners concerning the consequences of American tactical actions in Iraq, see, Nov./Dec; Barnett, Blueprint, p. 32. , note 10 p; James Kurth, 'George W. Bush and the Protestant Deformation', The American Interest 1/2 (2005) pp. 4-16; (2006) National Security Strategy, p. 36. , note 12 p; Barnett, Blueprint, p. 203. , note 10 p; Sparke, In the Space of Theory, , note 3; Debrix, F., Tabloid Realism and the Revival of American Security Culture (2003) Geopolitics 8/3, pp. 151-190; Kaplan, Imperial Grunts, p. 371. , note 9 p; Gregory, D., (2004) The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq, , Oxford: Blackwell; Burke, T., (2007) Beyond Security, Ethics and Violence: War Against the Other, , See, Oxford: Routledge; See my critique of Kaplan's 'Coming Anarchy' on these grounds in Simon Dalby, Environmental Security (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2002), and in 'Reading Robert Kaplan's Coming Anarchy', in Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby and Paul Routledge (eds.), The Geopolitics Reader, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Routledge 2006) pp. 197-202; (2003) The Rebordering of America: Integration and Exclusion in a New Security Context, , P. Andreas, and T. J. Biersteker eds, New York: Routledge; Looney, R., U.S. Middle East Economic Policy: The Use of Free Trade Zones in the War on Terrorism (2005) Mediterranean Quarterly, 16 (3), pp. 102-117. , On free trade as security policy see; Harvey, D., (2003) The New Imperialism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bacevich, A., (2005) The New American Militarism: How Americans are Seduced by War, , New York: Oxford University Press; Klare, M., (2004) Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Dependence on Imported Petroleum, , New York: Metropolitan; Agnew, J., (2005) Hegemony: The New Shape of Global Power, , Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Smith, N., (2005) The Endgame of Globalization, , New York: Routledge; Dalby, S., Political Space: Autonomy, Liberalism and Empire (2005) Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 30 (4), pp. 415-441; Sparke, In the Space of Theory, p. 311. , note 3 p; Harvey, D., (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Roberts, S., Secor, A., Sparke, M., Neoliberal Geopolitics (2003) Antipode, 35, pp. 886-897. , As critics observed early on; Klein, N., Baghdad Year Zero: Pillaging Iraq in Pursuit of a Neocon Utopia (2004) Harpers, pp. 43-52. , Sept; and conventional wisdom has more recently reprised: Rajiv Chandrasekaran, 'Who Killed Iraq?', Foreign Policy 156 (Sept.-Oct. 2006) pp. 36-43; Ricks, T.E., (2006) Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, , New York: Penguin; Agnew, J., Sovereignty Regimes: Territoriality and State Authority in Contemporary World Politics (2005) Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95/2, pp. 437-461; Latham, R., (1997) The Liberal Moment: Modernity, Security, and the Making of the Postwar International Order, , New York: Columbia University Press; Hardt, Negri, Empire, , note 8},
correspondence_address1={Dalby, S.; Department of Geography, , Ottawa, ON, Canada},
issn={14650045},
coden={GEOPF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geopolit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krueger2007335,
author={Krueger, A.},
title={An enduring need: Multilateralism in the twenty-first century},
journal={Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
year={2007},
volume={23},
number={3},
pages={335-346},
doi={10.1093/oxrep/grm022},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35848946409&doi=10.1093%2foxrep%2fgrm022&partnerID=40&md5=5bf3dcec3a0d8739c93b290b32431afb},
affiliation={Johns Hopkins University, International Monetary Fund, Baltimore, MD, United States},
abstract={That the global economy has been hugely successful over the past 50 years is unquestionable. A major underpinning of that success has been the open multilateral system, which has enabled the emergence of a truly international financial system, reciprocal reduction of trade barriers, and the emergence of many previously poor countries into the status of 'emerging markets' or even 'developed'. The open multilateral system, however, is increasingly under-appreciated and taken for granted. Preferential trading arrangements have proliferated, and with them the possibility of discriminatory arrangements for capital flows. The absence of an international regime for capital flows permits this development and poses a threat to the system, as do all of the issues on which countries' governments assert 'their' interests, and ignore their interests in the overall health of the system. It is to be hoped that the benefits of multilateralism are more greatly appreciated, and that the current trend toward increasing regionalism and departures from the post-war system is reversed. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press.},
author_keywords={Global economy;  Global financial stability;  Multilateralism;  Trade liberalization},
keywords={capital flow;  financial system;  global economy;  multilateral trade;  trade liberalization;  twenty first century},
correspondence_address1={Krueger, A.; Johns Hopkins University, , Baltimore, MD, United States; email: annekrueger@jhu.edu},
issn={0266903X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Barton2007224,
author={Barton, J.R. and Gwynne, R.N. and Murray, W.E.},
title={Competition and co-operation in the semi-periphery: Closer economic partnership and sectoral transformations in Chile and New Zealand},
journal={Geographical Journal},
year={2007},
volume={173},
number={3},
pages={224-241},
doi={10.1111/j.1475-4959.2007.00237.x},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548313824&doi=10.1111%2fj.1475-4959.2007.00237.x&partnerID=40&md5=40941bf227db30d390a28e9a96fe3c9b},
affiliation={Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, El Comendador 1916, Correo 9, Santiago, Chile; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand},
abstract={The signing of a strategic economic partnership (the Trans-Pacific SEP or P4) between Chile, New Zealand, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam in 2005 reveals the emergence of a new generation of trade agreements that seek to promote longer-term synergies and cooperation. This is in marked contrast with a purely competitive, market-based model of agreements whereby economies are opened up to oligopsonistic capital. The orientation is clearly more neostructural and strategic in construction, emphasizing the opportunities within the global economy of improved relations with similarly positioned economies within the semi-periphery. This article analyses both the basis for and implications of the P4 for Chile and New Zealand by looking at three sectors in which both countries are competitive in export markets: dairy, wine and fisheries. By assessing similarities and differences, and the ways in which competition or co-operation might be established, the potential impacts of the agreement can be posited. Within a global context of bilateral and multilateral commercial agreements, it is this type of agreement that perhaps best fits the needs of smaller economies in the periphery that seek to establish greater competitive space for their exports in core economies without engaging in a mutually destructive war of competition in similar sectors and products. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 The Royal Geographical Society.},
author_keywords={Chile;  Closer economic partnership;  Competition;  Cooperation;  New Zealand;  Resource periphery;  Sectors},
keywords={bilateral agreement;  competition (economics);  economic relations;  export;  international cooperation;  trade agreement, Australasia;  Chile;  New Zealand;  South America},
references={Amtmann, C., Blanco, G., Expansión transnacional y nueva ruralidad: Conflictos del sector lechero en el sur de Chile (2003) Cuaderno Del GESA 4: Los Espacios Sociales Y La Organización De La Agricultura, pp. 123-148. , in Bendini M and Steimbreger N eds Editorial La Colmena, Buenos Aires; (2005) History, , http://afl.maori.nz/about/history.htm, Aotearoa Fisheries Ltd Accessed 24 November 2005; Barton, J.R., Eco-dependency in Latin America (2006) Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 27, pp. 134-149; Belshaw, H., (1936) Agricultural Organisation in New Zealand, , Melbourne University Press Melbourne; Carter, M.R., Barham, B.L., Mesbah, D., Agricultural export booms and the rural poor in Chile, Guatemala and Paraguay (1996) Latin American Research Review, 31, pp. 33-65; (2004) Anuario Estadístico De América Latina Y El Caribe, , CEPAL Santiago CEPAL; Challies, E.R.T., Towards closer economic partnership? A comparison of neoliberal restructuring in the dairy complexes of Chile and New Zealand (2004), Unpublished MA thesis Institute of Geography, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; Challies, E.R.T., Murray, W.E., Productive transformations and bilateralism in the semi-periphery: A comparative political economy of the dairy complexes of New Zealand and Chile (2006) Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47, pp. 351-364; Collier, S., From independence to the War of the Pacific (1993) Chile Since Independence, pp. 1-31. , in Bethell L ed University of Cambridge, Cambridge and New York; Bilateral free trade agreements: Boon or bane for regional co-operation in East Asia (2005) European Journal of East Asian Studies, 4, pp. 287-314. , Dent; Dirven, M., Dairy clusters in Latin America in the context of globalization (1999) International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 2, pp. 1-14; Dirven, M., Ortega, L., El complejo productivo lácteo en Chile (1999) Apertura Ecónomica Y (Des)encadenamientos Productivos: Reflexiones Sobre El Complejo Lácteo En América Latina CEPAL, pp. 143-208. , in Dirven M ed 2001 Santiago; (2004) Country Briefings, , http://www.economist.com/countries, EIU Economist Intelligence Unit website Accessed 8 March 2004; Evans, B.L., (1969) A History of Agricultural Production and Marketing in New Zealand, , Keeling and Mundy Ltd Palmerston North; (2004) State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA), , FAO Rome; Gwynne, R.N., (1985) Industrialization and Urbanization in Latin America, , Routledge London; Gwynne, R.N., Export orientation and enterprise development: A comparison of New Zealand and Chilean wine production (2006) Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 97, pp. 138-156; Gwynne, R.N., Governance and agro-industrial commodity chains in New Zealand and Chilean wine production (2006) Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47, pp. 381-395; Gwynne, R.N., Kay, C., Latin America transformed: Globalization and neoliberalism (2004) Latin America Transformed: Globalization and Modernity, pp. 3-21. , in Gwynne R N and Kay C eds 2nd ed Arnold, London; Gwynne, R.N., Klak, T., Shaw, D.J.B., (2003) Alternative Capitalisms: Geographies of Emerging Regions, , Arnold London; Hayter, R., Barnes, T.J., Bradshaw, M.J., Relocating resource peripheries to the core of economic geography's theorizing: Rationale and agenda (2003) Area, 35, pp. 15-23; (2006) World Economic Outlook Database, , http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbginim.cfm, IMF April 2006 Accessed 20 June 2006; Kay, C., (1989) Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment, , Routledge London; Le Heron, R.B., Roche, M., Rapid reregulation, agricultural restructuring and the reimaging of agriculture in New Zealand (1999) Rural Sociology, 64, pp. 203-218; Lewis, N., Moran, W., Barker, J., 'Governance and industry in the New Zealand wine filière' (2001) Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, , Paper prepared for the 27 February-3 March; (2005) Dairy Statistics 2004-2005, , LIC Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited, Hamilton; Marais, J.S., (1968) The Colonisation of New Zealand, , Dawsons of Pall Mall London; (2005) Briefing for the Minister of Fisheries, , http://www.fish.govt.nz/information/briefing-05/bim-2005.pdf, Ministry of Fisheries, New Zealand 20 September 2005 Accessed 21 November 2005; Murray, W.E., The neoliberal inheritance: Agrarian policy and rural differentiation in democratic Chile (2002) Bulletin of Latin American Research, 21, pp. 425-441; Murray, W.E., (2006) Geographies of Globalization, , Routledge London; Murray, W.E., Challies, E.R.T., New Zealand and Chile: Partnership for the Pacific century? (2004) Australian Journal of International Affairs, 58, pp. 89-103; (2004) Exports and Trade, , http://www.seafood.co.nz/business/ecotrade/, New Zealand Seafood Industry Council Accessed 1 May 2005; (2006) Boletin De La Leche: Año 2005, , ODEPA Oficina de Estudios y Politicas Agrarias, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago; (2006) Boletin Estadistico Comercio Exterior Silvoagropecuario, , ODEPA No. 40: Enero -Diciembre 2005 Oficina de Estudios y Politicas Agrarias, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago; (2005) Environmental Performance Reviews - Chile, , OECD Paris; Situation report and statistics for the world vitivinicultural sector in 2002 (2005), Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV); Prebisch, R., Notes from the standpoint of the periphery (1965) CEPAL Review, 28, pp. 195-206; Putnam, R., (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, , Simon and Schuster, New York; Rennie, H.G., A geography of marine farming rights in New Zealand: Some rubbings of patterns on the face of the sea (2002), http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20060202.170211/, Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Waikato Accessed 15 December 2006; Sauter, E., (2004) Le Voyage De L'A.I.V. Au Chile, , Mars 2004 Académie Internationale du Vin Paris; (2005) Our Unique Environment, , http://www.sealord.co.nz/xml/default.asp?globalPage=C_environment, Sealord Group Accessed 24 November 2005; (2005) Informe Estadístico: Diciembre 2005, , Servicio Nacional de Aduanas Gobierno de Chile, Servicio Nacional de Aduanas, Departmento de Estudios, Santiago; (2005) New Zealand External Trade Statistics, , http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/ext-trade-stats/ default.htm, Statistics New Zealand Accessed 20 April 2005; Straussfogel, D., World-systems theory: Towards a heuristic and pedagogic conceptual tool (1997) Economic Geography, 73, pp. 118-136; Subsecretaria de Pesca, Gobierno de Chile (2005) (2004) Informe Sectorial De Pesca Y Acuicultura - Diciembre 2004, , Subsecretaria de Pesca-Chile Gobierno de Chile; Terlouw, K., The elusive semiperiphery: A critical examination of the concept of semiperiphery (1993) International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 34, pp. 87-103; Terlouw, K., Regions in geography and the regional geography of semiperipheral development (2001) Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 92, pp. 76-87; (2003) Human Development Report 2003, , UNDP New York UNDP; Wallerstein, I., (1979) The Capitalist World Economy, , Cambridge University Press Cambridge; Wallerstein, I., The relevance of the concept of semiperiphery to southern Europe (1985) Semiperipheral Development: The Politics of Southern Europe in the Twentieth Century, pp. 31-39. , in Arrighi G ed Sage, Beverly Hills; Willis, R.P., Enlargement, concentration and centralisation in the New Zealand dairy industry (2004) Geography, 89, pp. 83-88},
correspondence_address1={Barton, J.R.; Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, El Comendador 1916, Correo 9, Santiago, Chile; email: jbarton@puc.cl},
issn={00167398},
coden={GGJOA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geogr. J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hintjens2007409,
author={Hintjens, H.M.},
title={Citizenship under siege in the brave new Europe},
journal={European Journal of Cultural Studies},
year={2007},
volume={10},
number={3},
pages={409-414},
doi={10.1177/1367549407079715},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548099233&doi=10.1177%2f1367549407079715&partnerID=40&md5=d8356c56b2af8385dc1ea649f95453e0},
affiliation={Institute of Social Studies; Institute of Social Studies, PO Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, Netherlands},
abstract={This commentary piece reflects on the range of contributions to this Special Issue, considering the ways in which the European context fails to offer more inclusionary notions of citizenship in the current era. A long-term decline in state legitimacy in Europe and in the UK cannot be offset by the intensified policing of insecurity that is known as the War on Terror. The Global Social Justice movement is considered as an alternative framework for what security might mean in the absence of state violence. The importance of diasporic identities to such movements comes across in the research project that underpins this Special Issue. States in Europe and the British state, which is focused on here, are experiencing what can be called a 'beseiged legitimacy'. The relative disbelief in official accounts of events by many citizens, such as those interviewed by researchers involved in this Special Issue, combines with a global economy that increasingly resembles a casino. Copyright © 2007 SAGE Publications.},
author_keywords={Citizenship;  Diasporic;  Europe;  Exclusion;  Identity;  Legitimacy;  Muslims},
references={Agamben, G., (2000) Means Without Ends: Notes on Politics, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; International, A., (2006) Report 2006. Overview Europe/Central Asia, , http://web.amnesty.org/report2006/2eusummary-eng#2, Accessed 12 November 2006; Burawoy, M., Blum, J.A., George, S., Gille, Z., Thayer, M., (2000) Global Ethnography: Forces, Connections and Imaginations in A Postmodern World, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Cohen, S., (2001) States of Denial: Knowing about Atrocities and Suffering, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Gilroy, P., (1987) There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation, , London: Hutchinson; Harris, N., (2002) Thinking the Unthinkable: The Immigration Myth Exposed, , London: I.B. Tauris; Hintjens, H., Appreciating the Movement of the Movements (2006) Development in Practice, 16 (6), pp. 628-43; Hintjens, H., Global Social Justice in a Cold Climate (2006) Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 18 (3), pp. 369-78; Indymedia, (2006) 'Updated Map of Detention Camps for Foreigners in Europe and Mediterranean', , www.indymedia.org.uk/en/regions/oxford/2006/03/335357.html, Accessed 12 November 2006; Nederveen Pieterse, J., (2004) Globalization or Empire, , New York: Routledge; Olsen, T., (2005) International Zapatismo: The Construction of Solidarity in the Age of Globalization, , London: Zed Books; Richmond, A., (1994) Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism and the New World Order, , Toronto: Oxford University Press; Soysal, Y.N., (1994) Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, , Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Zinn, H., (2002) Terrorism and War, , New York : Seven Stories Press},
correspondence_address1={Hintjens, H.M.; Institute of Social Studies, PO Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, Netherlands; email: hintjens@iss.nl},
issn={13675494},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eur. J. of Cult. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Warde2007233,
author={Warde, I.},
title={The war on terror, crime and the shadow economy in the MENA countries},
journal={Mediterranean Politics},
year={2007},
volume={12},
number={2},
pages={233-248},
doi={10.1080/13629390701398033},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34250719927&doi=10.1080%2f13629390701398033&partnerID=40&md5=57d555eec4392ae46b6fe109bc7956ac},
affiliation={Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States},
abstract={This paper discusses the impact of the 'global war on terror' on crime and the shadow economy in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. It focuses more specifically on the contradictions, dysfunctions and unintended consequences of that 'new kind of war'. The first part discusses the 'national security fundamentalism' introduced in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, and its uneasy interaction with 'market fundamentalism', the other major structuring principle of the global economy. The second part discusses the internationalization of 'money laundering and terrorist financing', a paradigm that grew out of a specifically American context and was uncritically transposed to an entirely different environment. The third part of the paper considers the impact of the war on terror on crime and the shadow economy in the MENA region. The central argument is that the war on terror has created 'gated economic communities' and broadened the scope of the shadow economy. Heavy-handed regulation, arbitrary and selective enforcement, as well as the quasi-criminalization of hawalas (informal funds transfer networks) and Islamic charities, have driven more financial flows underground. In addition, the conflation of money laundering and terrorist financing crowded out the fight against financial crime. The paper suggests a new hypothesis about the relation between politically motivated terrorism and financial crime.},
keywords={crime;  globalization;  international conflict;  national security;  political economy;  political relations;  terrorism;  war, Africa;  Asia;  Eurasia;  Middle East;  North Africa},
funding_text 1={With the ravages of drugs on American cities, the war on organized crime transformed into a war on drugs. Started during the Reagan administration, it was expanded in the George H.W. Bush and Clinton years. Although the increasingly harsh methods (confiscation of assets, mandatory sentencing, etc.) occasionally clashed with constitutional protections and with the prevailing ideological mood, it continued unabated. The money laundering component of the war on drugs, largely invisible to the general public, imposed new reporting and regulatory requirements on financial institutions. Money laundering laws and regulations grew exponentially, giving rise to a burgeoning bureaucracy, which was funded in part by the seizure of assets derived from criminal activities. One consequence of the criminalization of money laundering was that individuals and financial institutions would be held accountable for handling funds of dubious origin.},
references={Andelman, D.A., The drug money maze (1994) Foreign Affairs, pp. 94-108; Bacevich, A.J., (2002) American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Benjamin, D., Simon, S., (2003) The Age of Sacred Terror: Radical Islam's War Against America, , Random House, New York; Bovard, J., (2003) Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil, , Palgrave Macmillan, New York; Clark, M., Shifting roles of US spies and special forces: Pentagon takes over some CIA spy operations while US 'super-secret' commandos get duty on US soil (2005) Christian Science Monitor; de Soto, H., (2002) The Other Path: The Economic Answer to Terrorism, , Basic Books, new preface, New York; de Soto, H., (2000) The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, , Basic Books, New York; Farah, D., (2004) Blood for Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror, , Broadway Books, New York; Friedman, T.L., A manifesto for the fast world (1999) New York Times Magazine; Ganor, B., (2005) The Counter-Terrorism Puzzle: A Guide for Decision-Makers, , Transaction, New Brunswick, NJ; Garver, R., Treasury orders more suspect cash blocked (2001) The American Banker; Halberstam, D., (2001) War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton and the Generals, , Scribner, New York; Halpern, M., (2003) What You Need To Know About: Terror, , Toby Press, New Milford, CT; Hamzawy, A., Bishara, D., Burying democracy further in Egypt (2007) The Daily Star; Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., (2001) Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Ijaz, M., A secret weapon in the war against terror: Inclusion (2004) The Los Angeles Times; Kean, T.H., Chair Hamilton, L.H., Chair, V., (2004) The 9/11 Commission Report, Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, , W.W. Norton, New York; Kinsley, M., Deliver us from evil (2002) Washington Post; Kuttner, R., (1997) Everything for Sale: The Virtues and Limits of Markets, , Alfred A. Alfred A. Knopf, New York; LaFranchi, H., Lessons from drug war: It takes time, allies: Combatting terrorism, like narcotics, is expected to involve unlikely partners (2001) The Christian Science Monitor; McCaffrey, B.R., Basso, J.A., Narcotics, Terrorism, and international crime: The convergence phenomenon (2004) Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Understanding the New Security Environment, , McGraw Hill, Guilford, CT; McKinnon, R.I., (1973) Money and Capital in Economic Development, , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; Mathers, C., (2004) Crime School, Money Laundering: True Crime Meets the World of Business and Finance, , Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY; Mueller, J., (2006) Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats, and Why We Believe Them, , New York, Free Press; Naim, M., (2005) Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats Are Hijacking the Global Economy, , Doubleday, New York; Naylor, R.T., (2006) Satanic Purses: Money, Myth, and Misinformation in the War on Terror, , McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal and Kingston; Parker, G., Burnett, V., Afghanistan described as 'narco-economy' (2004) Financial Times; Randal, J., (2004) Osama: The Making of a Terrorist, , Alfred A. Knopf, New York; Reuter, P., Truman, E.M., (2004) Chasing Dirty Money: The Fight Against Money Laundering, , Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC; Risen, J., (2006) State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration, , Free Press, New York; Robert, D., Backes, E., (2001) Révélation$, , Les Arènes, Paris; Robinson, J., (1998) The Laundrymen: Inside the World's Third Largest Business, , Simon & Schuster Pocket Books, London; Simpson, G.R., U.S. crackdown on Arab bank tangles policy (2005) The Wall Street Journal; Stevenson, R.W., Greenspan urges more aid to third-world banks (1997) The New York Times; Stiglitz, J., (2003) Globalization and Its Discontents, , W.W. Norton, New York; Strange, S., (1989) Casino Capitalism, , Basil Blackwell, London; Sunstein, C.R., (2005) Radicals in Robes: Right-Wing Courts Are Wrong for America, , Basic Books, New York; Suskind, R., (2004) The Price of Loyalty: George W. Bush, the White House, and the Education of Paul O'Neill, , Simon & Schuster, New York; Suskind, R., (2006) The One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside America's Pursuit of Its Enemies Since 9/11, , Simon & Schuster, New York; Warde, I., Le projet de taxe Tobin, bête noire des spéculateurs, cible des censeurs (1997) Le Monde Diplomatique; Warde, I., (2000) Islamic Finance in the Global Economy, , Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh; Warde, I., Global politics, Islamic finance and Islamist politics: Before and after September 11, 2001 (2004) The Politics of Islamic Finance, , Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh; Warde, I., (2007) The Price of Fear: The Truth Behind the Financial War on Terror, , University of California Press, Berkeley; Wechsler, W.F., Strangling the Hydra: Targeting Al Qaeda's finances (2001) How Did This Happen: Terrorism and the New War, , Public Affairs, New York},
correspondence_address1={Warde, I.; Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, , Medford, MA, United States},
issn={13629395},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mediterr. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Burton200722,
author={Burton, D. and Zanello, A.},
title={Asia ten years after},
journal={Finance and Development},
year={2007},
volume={44},
number={2},
pages={22-25},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547106809&partnerID=40&md5=d54e9b60d74475146d4dfc9835bc1fab},
affiliation={IMF's Asia and Pacific Department},
abstract={Today, Asia is one of the strongest performers in global economy. The key has been a responsive macroeconomic policy frameworks and a comprehensive reforms in the financial and corporate sectors. There is also a more flexible exchange rate cushioning external shocks and impressive war chest of official reserves has been built up. Inflation targeting has provided a monetary anchor in many cases and fiscal policies have taken on a longer-term perspective to safeguard debt sustainability. Encouragingly, policies are increasingly attuned to the quickening pace of globalization, and the foundations for a sustained expansion are being laid. Reforms must be a continuous process in a fast-paced and interconnected economy and policies that addresses problems encountered. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has worked closely with economies in the region on the respective reform programs helping them to move forward with the reform process.},
correspondence_address1={Burton, D.; IMF's Asia and Pacific Department},
issn={01451707},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Financ. Dev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fandrych2007,
author={Fandrych, S.},
title={China in Angola - Sustainable reconstruction, calculated election campaign support or global interest politics? [China in Angola - Nachhaltiger wiederaufbau, kalkulierte wahlkampfhilfe oder globale interessenpolitik?]},
journal={Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft},
year={2007},
number={2},
pages={62-74+189-190},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248642307&partnerID=40&md5=d686b8bfdfd280f7895819e3793fe9c9},
abstract={After the long civil war, when waiting for substantive reconstruction aid proved futile, the Angolan government resorted to a comprehensive credit and cooperation agreement with China in 2004. Under this deal, rebuilding is financed by an initial oil-backed loan of 2.4 billion us dollars repayable in 17 years and with an unbeatable interest rate of 1.5 percent. A »topping up« of two billion us dollars was agreed in 2006 when Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao visited Angola in June 2006. Through this new cooperation Angola has risen to become the largest Chinese trading partner in Africa, with a volume of 9.3 billion us dollars in 2006 (2005: 6.95 billion us dollars), even overtaking South Africa. In May of 2006 the southwest African country had already become China's largest supplier of crude, surpassing Saudi Arabia. At the same time, China overtook the USA as the largest buyer of Angolan oil. With the help of the oil-backed loans, huge reconstruction projects are being implemented, such as a new international airport for Luanda, a new production and broadcasting center for the state Television TPA, as well as the coastal North-South Highway between Lobito and Luanda. China is also a partner in the projected second Angolan refinery to be constructed in Lobito. Furthermore, the money is being put into the ailing electricity network of the overcrowded capital Luanda, several regional hospitals and schools in all provinces. A huge low cost housing project involving the construction of several satellite cities is to be implemented in all provinces. The Angolan Government hails the cooperation with China as the only way to quickly re-launch the essential infrastructure which is so important for the revival of the war-torn Angolan economy. The short implementation time for most of the projects will surely also help to improve the Government's image before the upcoming general elections projected for 2008 and 2009. This help comes at a crucial time, and apparently without strings attached. China is also seen as a new alternative to the West in international relations, creating a new balance with more weight for developing countries On China's side, the immediate economic interest is to secure the energy supply for the booming Chinese economy. Apart from that, the deal is very profitable as China can provide its state firms with formidable projects, export some of its redundant manpower as well as goods and machinery to Angola. Most of the construction work is being carried out by Chinese firms and their imported workers, due to a clause stating that 70 percent of tenders will go to Chinese firms, with 30 percent going to Angolan firms. At the same time, it secures oil for some years to come, and at beneficial terms. While the immediate advantages for both sides are more than apparent, the medium- to long-term consequences of such a massive Chinese involvement in Angola are less clear. International critics fear first and foremost that this engagement will slow down efforts aimed at bringing about more transparency and economic reform. Apart from that there has been little discussion on the insertion of post-war Angola into the global economy. How will it be possible to revive and diversify local industry - outside of oil and diamond production - in order to compete internationally? In reality, the structure of trade relations with China will be almost identical to relations with the West, with Angola exporting natural resources and importing all kinds of consumer goods. Furthermore, there is no strong impulse for the local economy as Angolan firms and the national work force are only marginally involved in the projects. Thus job creation and knowhow transfer are minimal. Some also fear that there is not enough capacity on the Angolan side to effectively manage and monitor the projects, control their quality and continuously maintain the infrastructure. This could mean that a lot of Angolan money is spent on what could turn out to be white elephants.},
issn={09452419},
language={German},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Polit. Ges.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Middleton200724,
author={Middleton, N.},
title={Environment today: Water wars and blood diamonds},
journal={Geography Review},
year={2007},
volume={20},
number={5},
pages={24-25},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248580720&partnerID=40&md5=004b513a6f74882a0c13e2446ef8562c},
affiliation={Department of Physical Geography; St. Anne's College, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom},
abstract={Armed conflict and natural resources are directly related in two main types of situation: armed conflicts motivated by the control of resources (ex. water wars) and resources integrated into the financing of armed conflicts (ex. blood diamonds). Over the years, access to resources has played a role in the development of many armed confrontations. These conflicts can be driven by need or by greed. Observers agree that environmental change will become an increasingly potent reason for conflict as world population and global economies contribute to grow.},
correspondence_address1={Middleton, N.; Department of Physical Geography},
issn={09507035},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geogr. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stokes2007245,
author={Stokes, D.},
title={Blood for oil? Global capital, counter-insurgency and the dual logic of American energy security},
journal={Review of International Studies},
year={2007},
volume={33},
number={2},
pages={245-264},
doi={10.1017/S0260210507007498},
note={cited By 48},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249984678&doi=10.1017%2fS0260210507007498&partnerID=40&md5=c3d10d7317c2e18a93d733efcd82979e},
abstract={The US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq coupled with the increased militarisation of international relations as part, of the 'war on terror' has led to the development of a 'blood for oil' thesis that posits the centrality of oil and the economic interests of US oil corporations to American intervention in the Third World. This article argues that this thesis, whilst correct in identifying the importance of energy to US intervention, is not. sufficiently attentive to the dual nature of American resource interventions whereby the American state seeks not. only to ensure US oil supplies but also to maintain sufficient oil supplies for the global economy as a whole. American intervention is thus driven by oil to a large extent, but in different ways to those commonly suggested by 'blood for oil' theorists. In contrast to this thesis I argue that recent energy security moves to diversify oil acquisition away from the Middle Fast towards new areas such as South America, the Caspian region and Africa continue to be subject, to this dual logic. Moreover, counter-insurgency warfare is increasingly being deployed to insulate oil-rich states from internal pressures which is in turn having a profound effect on human rights, social justice and state formation in the global South. Copyright © British International Studies Association.},
references={Rumsfeld: It Would Be A Short War (2002) CBS News, , http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/n/15/world/main529569. shtml, 15 November, Author unknown; Fleischer, A., (2002) Excerpts, , http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/WH/wh-fleischer-100902.htm, Press Briefing by, 9 October; Author Unknown, 'Blair Denies Oil Conspiracy Theory Over Iraq', The UK Times, 15 January 2003: 〈http://www.timesonline.co.nk/ aiticle/0,1-544100,00.html〉;; See their (2004) America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order, , Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke also deny that oil factored into American decision making, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Cox, M., The Empire's Back in Town: Or America's Imperial Temptation - Again (2003) Millennium, 32 (1), p. 8; Klare, M., Blood For Oil: The Bush-Cheney Energy Strategy (2003) Socialist Register, p. 180. , London, Merlin Press; For an extended version of Klare's argument see his Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Dependence on Imported Petroleum (New York: Henry Holt, 2004); The Editors, Monthly Review, 10 January 2005: 〈http://www. zrnsig.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=6996〉; Hiro, D., Oil, Iraq and America (2002) The Nation, , http://www.thenation.coni/doc/20021230/hiro20021216, 16 December; Vallette, J., Wolfowitz's Hidden Patron: Dick Cheney's Oil Change at the World Bank (2005) CounterPunch, , http://www.counterpunch. org/vallotto03222005.html, 22 March; See also 'Blood for Oil? Retort, A Group Of Writers And Activists, Considers Whether Oil Was The Reason For The Invasion Of Iraq', London Review of Books, 21 April 2005: 〈http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n08/roto01_. html〉; For background, see 'The Future of Oil', Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, undated: 〈http://www.iags.org/futureofoil.html〉; Kinzer, S., (2004) All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, , On the Middle East, see, New York: John Wiley; Bromley, S., (1991) American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, the State System and the World Economy, , Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press; Yergin, D., (1993) The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, , New York: Free Press; Paul, J.A., Oil Companies in Iraq: A Century of Rivalry and War (2003) Global Policy Forum, , http://www.globalpolicy.org/ security/oil/2003/2003companiesiniraq.htm, November; Miliband, R., (1969) The State in Capitalist 'Society, p. 23. , New York: Basic Books; Retort, (2005) Afflicted Powers: Capital and Spectacle in a New Age of War, pp. 38-77. , London: Verso Books; Poulantzas, N., (1978) Classes in Contemporary Capitalism, , New York: Schocken Books; Panitch, L., Giridin, S., Superintending Global Capital (2005) New Left Review, p. 102. , September/October; Anderson, P., (2002) New Left Review, Force and Consent, , http://www.newleftreview.net/NLR25101. shtml, September/October; Gowan, P., Triumphing toward International Disaster: The Impasse in American Grand Strategy (2004) Critical Asian Studies, 36, p. 1. , http://www.bcasnet.org/articlesandresources/article14_1.htm, see also; Bacevich, A., (2002) American Empire, p. 3. , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Latham, R., (1997) The Liberal Moment: Modernity, Security, and the Making of Postwar International Order, , Now York: Columbia University Press; Leo, Panitch arid Sam Gindin (2004) Global Capitalism and American Empire, , For the most succinct argument for this, see, London: Merlin Press; Geir, L., Empire by Invitation? The United States and Western Europe, 1945-52 (1986) Journal of Peace Research, 23 (3), pp. 263-277; National Security Council report quoted in Micah L. Sifry, 'US Intervention in the Middle East: A Case Study', in Micah L. Sifry arid Christopher Cerf, The Gulf War Reader: History, Documents. Opinions (New York: Random House, 1991), p. 32; Mearsheimer, J., (2003) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, , For example, New York: W. W. Norton; Bellamy Foster, J., The New Age of Imperialism (2003) Monthly Review, 55 (3), p. 13; Robinson, W.I., (2004) A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class, and State in a Transnational World, , Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin, Global Capitalism and American Empire (London: Merlin Press, 2003); Bromlny, S., (1991) American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, the State System and the World Economy, , Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2/ Daniel Yergin, 'Energy Security and Markets', in Jan H. Kalicki and David L. Goldwyn, Energy and Security: Toward A New Foreign Policy Strategy (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 2005), pp. 53-54; Robinson, W.T., (2004) A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class, and State in a Transnational World, , Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; Robinson, W., Csipitalist Globalization and the Transationalization of the State (2002) Historical Materialism and Globalization, p. 215. , Mark Rupert and Hazel Smith, London: Routlodgo; Robinson, W., (2004) A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class and State in a Transnational World, p. 140. , Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press; Harvey's, D., (2003) The New Imperialism, , See, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Brzezinski, Z., Hegemonic Quicksand (2004) The National Interest, 74, p. 8. , Winter; his excellent, (2004) The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership, , For an extended discussion, see, New York: Basic Books; For more on this see my 'The Heart of Empire? Theorising US Empire in an Era of Transnational Capitalism', Third World Quarterly, 26:2 (2005), pp. 217-36; Remarks by US Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, , http://www.usembassy.it/file2001....03/alia/al.031906.htm, Author unknown; (2001) National Energy Policy, p. 130. , National Energy Policy Development Group, 21 May; Hill, J.T., (2003) Posture Statement, US Southern Command, House Armed Services Committee, , http://www.house..gov/hasc/ openingstatementsandpressreleases/108thcongress/03-03-12hill.html, 12 March; Further discussed in my forthcoming book Transnational Conflict and US Primacy (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009); Marc Grossman, Testimony of Ambassador Marc Grossman before the House Appropriations Committee's Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, 10 April 2002: 〈http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/02041001.htm〉; Donald, E., Schulz, (2000) The United States and Latin America: Shaping an Elusive Future, p. 3. , Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute; Pace, P., Advance Questions for Lieutenant General Peter Pace. Defense Reforms (2000) United States Seriate Committee on Armed Services, , http://www.seriate.gov/~armed_services/statemnt/2000/000906pp.pdf; Reeker, P., (2002) State Department on Change of Government in Venezuela, , http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ar/ venezuela/02041250.htm, 12 April; NarcoNews, (2002), On Chavez arid his popular democratic mandate see, 20 February; on US media responses to the coup, see Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting, US Papers Hail Venezuelan Coup as Pro-Democracy Move, 18 April 2002: 〈http://www.fair.org/press-releases/venezuela-editorials.html〉: for a good overall context to the background of the coup; Halliriari, C., US Shadow Over Venezuela (2002) Foreign Policy in Focus, , http://www.fpif.org/commentary/2002/ 0204venezuela2_body.html, see, 17 April; The Guardian, 29 April 2002; Thomas, C., Dawson, (2002) Transcript of a Press Briefing, International Monetary Fund, Friday, , http://www.imf.org-extenial-np-tr- 2002-tr020412.htm, 12 April; (2002) The Observer, , 21 April; US House of Representatives, Testimony Of General James T. Hill Before the House Armed Services Committee, 24 March 2004: 〈http:// armedservices.house.gov/openingstatementsandpressreleases/108thcongress/ 04-03-24hill.html〉; Gott, R., Democracy Under Threat (2005) The Guardian, , http://www.guardian.co.uk/commnent/story/0, 6 December, 1658890,00.html〉; Tiempo, E., (2002), http://www.amazonwatch.org/ newsroom/mediaclips02/col/020210_col_et.html, 10 February; (2002) Christian Science Monitor, , 5 March; (2002) Secretary of State Colin Powell before the Foreign Operations Subcommittee, , House Appropriations Committee, 13 February; Tiempo, E., (2002), 10 February; Bush, G., (2002) President's Budget Message on Andean Counterdrug Initiative, , http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ar/colombia/andean04.htm, Washington, DC: US Department of State, 4 February; Kleveman, L., (2004) The New Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia, , London: Grove Press; Jones quote from Saul B. Cohen, 'The Eurasian Convergence Zone: Gateway or Shatterbelt?', Eurasian Geography and Economics, 46:1 (2005), p. 9; Statement, of General Anthony C. Zinni, , http://www.centcom.mil, US CENTCOM, undated; New Independent States, , http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/3971.pdf, US Department of State, undated; (2002) Uzbekistan Military Assistance' and 'Uzbekistan Exchanges and Law Enforcement Assistance', undated, , United States Government; Zinni, A.C., Statement of General Anthony C Zinni, undated, , http://www.house.gov/hasc/testimony/106thcongress/99-03-11zinni.htm; Statement of George L. Person, JR. Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, US Senate. US Foreign Policy, Petroleum and the Middle East, 20 October 2005: 〈http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2005/ PersonTestimony051020.pdf〉; Ed Royce quote from African Oil: A Priority for US National Security and African Development, African Oil Policy Initiative Group, undated: 〈http://www.israeleconomy.org/strategic/africawhitepaper.pdf〉; Bush, G.W., (2004) Remarks by the President at Signing of the Agoa Acceleration Act of 2004, , http://www.whitehouse.gov/ news/releases/2004/07/20040713-3.html, 13 July; Hartung, W.D., Berrigan, F., (2005) Militarization of U.S. Africa Policy, 2000 to 2005, , http://www.worldpolicy.org/projects/ arms/reports/AfricaMarch2005.html, March; Miles', D., US Must Confront Terrorism in Africa (2004) American Forces Information Services, , http://www.defenselink.mil/news/ Jun2004/n06162004_200406163.html, 16 June; Mason, I., A Growing Source For Oil Is Also A Target: West Africa, a Big Exporter to the US, Demonstrates the "Paradox of Plenty" (2004) San Francisco Chronicle, , 19 September; Human Rights Watch, Colombia, undated: 〈http://www.hrw.org/ americas/colombia.php〉; (2004) The Human Rights Situation in Colombia, p. 21. , United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 17 February; United Nations, Informe del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Colombia, E/CN.4/2004/13, 17 de febrero de 2004, Anexo II, paragraphs 2 and 3. Accessed at Center for International Policy, Blueprint for a New Colombia Policy, March 2005: 〈http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/0503blueprint. pdf〉; Center for International Policy, Blueprint for a New Colombia Policy, March 2005: 〈http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/0503blueprint. pdf〉; Cristina Caballero, M., In Colombia: Military Crimes Point To A Growing Problem (2006) The Providence Journal, , 25 June; Human Rights Watch/Americas Human Rights Watch Arms Project, Colombia's Killer Networks: The Military-Paramilitary Partnership and the United States (London: Human Rights Watch, 1996), p. 28-9. In the same report Human Rights Watch have provided the original documents of the order in both Spanish and English. Sec pp. 105-50; US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Supporting Human Rights and Democracy: The US Record 2003-2004 (2004): 〈http://www. usembassy.uz/home/index.aspx?&=&mid=387&11d=l〉; The US has been asked to leave the Karshi-Khanabad airfield in Uzbekistan by the regime of President Islam Karimov. The US criticised him after world media attention was focused on Karimov following the shooting of hundreds of civilians during an anti-government demonstration. See: 〈http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/07/ 31/news/uzbek.php〉 for more on this. For more on Georgia see 〈http://hrp.org/english/docs/2004/02/24/georgi7650.htm#P58_5798); (2004) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, p. 2004. , http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/ 2004/41620.htm, US Department of State, Nigeria, 28 February; Singer, P., (2003) Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry, , For more on private military contractors, see, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; EU-Colombia trade, undated, , http://trado-info.coc.eu.int/doclih/html/113367.htm, European Commission; Noriega, R.F., (2005) Statement Before the House Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, , http://www.state. gov/p/wha/rls/rm/2005/q2/44375.htm, Washington, DC, 6 April; British Petroleum, British Petroleum Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2006: 〈http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/ globalbp_uk_english/publications/energy_reviews_2005/STAGING/local_assets/ downloads/pdf/statistical_review_of_worlcLenergy_full_report_2005.pdf, p. 1.2; (2000) EU/Russia Energy Partnership, , http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/127055.htm, European Commission, 30 October; Gowan, P., US Hegemony Today (2003) Monthly Review, 55 (3), pp. 30-50. , see also, July/August; John Ikenberry, G., America's Imperial Ambition (2002) Foreign Affairs, , http://sobek.colorado.edu/~brahnVcourses/PSCI2223Fall2002/ ImperialAmbition.pdf, For a liberal critique of the Bush Administration, see, September-October, 〉; This article is based on preliminary research for my new book Transnational Conflict and US Primacy Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009; Herring, E., Rangwala, G., (2006) Iraq In Fragments: The Occupation and its Legacy, , For more on Iraq, the role of counter-insurgency and state formation, see, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Cheriey, R., (2001) The Vice President appears on Meet the Press with Tim Russen, , http://www.whitehouse.gov/vicepresident/ news-speeches/speeches/vp20010916.html, 16 September; There are ongoing debates as to whether the US economy is in decline in relation to other core powers. For a selection see Giovanni Arrighi, The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times (London: Verso, 1994);; Harvey, D., (2003) The New Imperialism, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gowan, P., Peter Gowan and the Capitalist. World Empire (2004) Journal of World-Systems Research, 10 (2), pp. 471-539; Panitch, L., Gindin, S., (2003) Global Capitalism and American Empire, , London: Merlin Press; Arrighi, G., Hegemony Unravelling (2005) New Left Review, 32. , http://www.newleftreview.net/Issue32.asp?Article= 02, March/April},
issn={02602105},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Int. Stud.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Roseman2007,
author={Roseman, M.},
title={'Blowing 'cross the crest of Mount Galeng': Winds of the voice, winds of the spirits},
journal={Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute},
year={2007},
volume={13},
number={SUPPL. 1},
pages={S55-S69},
doi={10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00405.x},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247498126&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-9655.2007.00405.x&partnerID=40&md5=ada94c5f28b5a526a375d725a445dab8},
affiliation={School of Anthropological Studies, Queen's University, 14 University Square, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom},
abstract={An enclave of animists in a predominantly Muslim nation, Temiars of peninsular Malaysia forge ingenious techniques to convert the commodities, concepts, and technologies that assault them towards their own religious and ideological uses. These aboriginal forest-dwellers, a Senoi or Orang Asli people known in the anthropological and psychological literature for their techniques of dreaming, use songs received in dreams for healing purposes. Temiars are Austroasiatic-speakers in a now Malay-dominant nation. Battling colonial and neo-colonial pressures in the Malay postcolony and the global economy, the members of this small-scale society take refuge in montane forests, yet they have long interacted with Malays, British colonists, Chinese and Tamils brought to work in British mines and plantations, and communist guerillas in the aftermath of the Second World War. The key element in their survival is a technique economically combining music, medicine, and culture. This medico-acoustic armature crafts the winds of breath, life, and voice into song. I explore how Temiars call on spirits through song, dance, and ceremony to address both individual and social wounds, as they craft their dances of healing and survival across the proverbial winds of history. Comparative materials on music, medicine, healing, and the environment from Africa, Europe, and elsewhere are examined. © Royal Anthropological Institute 2007.},
references={Benjamin, G., Temiar religion (1967), Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge; Benjamin, G., Indigenous religious systems of the Malay peninsula (1979) The Imagination of Reality: Essays in Southeast Asian Coherence Systems, pp. 9-27. , In (eds) A.L. Becker & A. Yengoyan, Norword, N.J.: Ablex; Corbin, H., The visionary dream in Islamic spirituality (1966) The Dream and Human Societies, pp. 381-407. , In (eds) G.E. von Grunebaum & R. Caillois, Berkeley: University of California Press; Corbin, H., Mundus imaginalis, or the imaginary and the imaginal (1972) Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, pp. 1-19; Csordas, T., Imaginal performance and memory in ritual healing (1996) The Performance of Healing, pp. 91-113. , In (eds) C. Laderman & M. Roseman, New York: Routledge; Dentan, R.K., Endicott, K., Gomes, A., Hooker, M.B., (1997) Malaysia and the 'Original People': A Case Study of the Impact of Development on Indigenous Peoples, , Boston: Allyn & Bacon; (2004) Hearing Cultures: Essays on Sound, Listening, and Modernity, , Erlmann, V. (ed.) Oxford: Berg; Feld, S., Brenneis, D., Doing anthropology in sound (2004) American Ethnologist, 31, pp. 461-474; (2004) Empire of the Senses: The Sensual Culture Reader, , Howes, D. (ed.) Oxford: Berg; Laderman, C., Symbolic and empirical reality: A new approach to the analysis of food avoidances (1981) American Ethnologist, 8, pp. 468-493; Panopoulos, P., Animal bells as symbols: Sound and hearing in a Greek island village (2003) Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.), 9, pp. 639-656; (2005) From Music to Sound, , Panopoulos, P. (ed.) Athens: Alexandria Publications; Roseman, M., The social structuring of sound: The Temiar of peninsular Malaysia (1984) Ethnomusicology, 28, pp. 441-445; Roseman, M., Head, heart, odor and shadow: The structure of the self, ritual performance and the emotional world (1990) Ethos, 18, pp. 227-250. , [Reprinted in The meanings of madness (ed.) R.J. Castillo, 45-55. Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brookes/Cole, 1997.]; Roseman, M., (1991) Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine, , Los Angeles: University of California Press; Roseman, M., (1995) Dream Songs and Healing Sounds: In the Rainforests of Malaysia, , Smithsonian Folkways Recordings CD SF40417 (compact disc); Roseman, M., Decolonizing ethnomusicology: When peripheral voices move in from the margins (1996) Aflame With Music: One Hundred Years of Music at the University of Melbourne, pp. 167-189. , In (eds) B. Broadstock, N. Cumming, D. Erdonmez-Grocke, C. Flack, R. McMillan, K. Murphy, S. Robinson & J. Stinson. Melbourne: Centre for Studies in Australian Music; Roseman, M., 'Pure products go crazy': Rainforest healing in a nation-state (1996) The Performance of Healing, pp. 233-269. , In (eds) C. Laderman & M. Roseman, New York: Routledge; Roseman, M., Shifting landscapes: Mediating modernity in a Malaysian rainforest (2000) Yearbook for Traditional Music, 32, pp. 31-66; Roseman, M., Engaging the spirits of modernity: The Temiars (2002) Tribal Communities in the Malay World: Historical, Cultural and Social Perspectives, pp. 185-205. , In (ed.) G. Benjamin & C. Chou, Singapore: Institute for Southeast Asian Studies; Roseman, M., Making sense out of modernity (2002) New Horizons in Medical Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Charles Leslie, pp. 111-140. , In (eds) M. Nichter & M. Lock, New York: Routledge; Roseman, M., Engaging the Spirits of Modernity, , in press. Los Angeles: University of California Press; Stoller, P., Sounds and things: Pulsations of power in Songhay (1996) The Performance of Healing, pp. 165-184. , In (eds.) C. Laderman & M. Roseman, New York: Routledge; (1987) Dreaming: The Anthropology and Psychology of the Imaginal, , Tedlock, B. (ed.) Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press},
correspondence_address1={Roseman, M.; School of Anthropological Studies, 14 University Square, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom; email: mroseman@qub.ac.uk},
issn={13590987},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Royal Anthrop. Inst.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Margolin2007111,
author={Margolin, V.},
title={Design for development: towards a history},
journal={Design Studies},
year={2007},
volume={28},
number={2},
pages={111-115},
doi={10.1016/j.destud.2006.11.008},
note={cited By 35},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847666544&doi=10.1016%2fj.destud.2006.11.008&partnerID=40&md5=344be761c20e406ba364ceb60b621eec},
affiliation={Department of Art History, University of Illinois, 935 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607 7039, United States},
abstract={Design for development concept was introduced to the development processes of the nations after the World War II, to focus on economic advancements of the nations. Gui Bonsiepe prepared a chapter on design in developing countries for the three-volume History of Industrial Design, based on the Ahmedabad Declaration on Industrial Design and Development, which resulted from a meeting hosted by India's National Institute of Design in the year 1979, to discuss the promotion of industrial design in developing countries. Bonsiepe also created a matrix that present six domains of design that include management, practice, policy, education, research, and discourse with five stages of development. Ahmedabad Declaration along with multi-stage model of Gui Bonsiepe can be effectively used to address the complex factors that determine the possibilities of design for development within the global economy.},
keywords={Economic and social effects;  Education;  Product design;  Public policy, Design for development;  Global economy, Sustainable development},
references={Bonsiepe, G., (1991) Developing countries: awareness of design and the peripheral condition, history of industrial design: 1919-1990 the dominion of design, , Electa, Milan; National Institute of Design, (1979) Ahmedabad declaration on industrial design for development: major recommendations for the promotion of industrial design for development, , National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad; Papanek, V., Design in developing countries 1950-1985: a summing-up (1986) Art Libraries Journal, 11 (No 2); Papanek, V., For the southern half of the globe (1983) Design Studies, 4 (No 1); World Commission on Environment and Development, (1987) Our common future, , Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York},
correspondence_address1={Margolin, V.; Department of Art History, 935 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607 7039, United States; email: victor@uic.edu},
issn={0142694X},
coden={DSSTD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Des Stud},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bussmann200779,
author={Bussmann, M. and Schneider, G.},
title={When globalization discontent turns violent: Foreign economic liberalization and internal war},
journal={International Studies Quarterly},
year={2007},
volume={51},
number={1},
pages={79-97},
doi={10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00440.x},
note={cited By 88},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847407559&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-2478.2007.00440.x&partnerID=40&md5=511f6d2a708730c81f6fb1a977bb15ea},
affiliation={University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany},
abstract={One of the disputed consequences of global economic integration is the possible effect that foreign economic liberalization exerts on social cohesion. Proponents of commercial liberalism see stabilization as an indirect consequence of growing economic interdependence, while globalization critics are much more skeptical. They expect, at least during the liberalization process, destabilizing effects. We examine in this paper the contradictory claims in the light of what we call the distributional theory of civil war. This variant of commercial liberalism qualifies the peace-through-trade hypothesis and expects, based on political economy models of trade policy making, that the redistributive struggle associated with foreign economic liberalization can culminate in violent forms of protest. We demonstrate that a higher level of economic openness is indeed associated with a lower risk of civil war. At the same time, economic liberalization increases the chances of instability weakly. None of the following factors are found to exert any compensatory influence on instability: social spending, foreign aid, and financial flows from the International Monetary Fund. Discontent over the process of globalization is thus a destabilizing force despite the pacifying effect that the level of economic integration exerts. © 2007 International Studies Association.},
keywords={civil war;  economic integration;  foreign policy;  global economy;  globalization;  liberalism;  policy making;  political economy;  trade liberalization;  trade policy;  violence},
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Civil War and Development Policy, , Washington: World Bank/Oxford University Press; Collier, P., Gunning, J.W., The IMF's Role in Structural Adjustment (1999) The Economic Journal, 109, pp. F634-F651; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., On Economic Causes of Civil War (1998) Oxford Economic Papers, 50, pp. 563-573; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Aid, Policy and Peace: Reducing the Risks of Civil Conflict (2002) Defence and Peace Economics, 13, pp. 435-450; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Greed and Grievance in Civil War (2004) Oxford Economic Papers, 56, pp. 563-595; Crenshaw, E., Foreign Investment as a Dependent Variable (1991) Social Forces, 69, pp. 1169-1182; Deininger, K., Squire, L., A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality (1996) World Bank Economic Review, 10, pp. 565-591; De Soysa, I., Paradise Is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, and Governance in Civil War, 1989-1999 (2002) Journal of Peace Research, 39, pp. 395-416; De Soysa, I., Oneal, J.R., Boon or Bane? Reassessing the Productivity of Foreign Direct Investment (1999) American Sociological Review, 64, pp. 766-782; Dollar, D., Kraay, A., Growth Is Good for the Poor (2002) Journal of Economic Growth, 73, pp. 195-225; Fearon, J.D., Laitin, D.D., Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War (2003) American Political Science Review, 97, pp. 75-90; Fernandez, R., Rodrik, D., Resistance to Reform: Status Quo Bias in the Presence of Individual-Specific Uncertainty (1991) American Economic Review, 81, pp. 1146-1155; Firebaugh, G., Growth Effects of Foreign and Domestic Investment (1992) American Journal of Sociology, 98, pp. 105-130; Fischer, S., Globalization and its Challenges (2003) American Economic Review, 93, pp. 1-30; Garfinkel, M.R., Skaperdas, S., Syropoulos, C., Globalization and Domestic Conflict (2004), Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Irvine, and Florida International University; Garrett, G., Globalization and Government Spending Around the World (2001) Studies in Comparative International Development, 35, pp. 3-29; Gleditsch, N.P., Wallensteen, P., Eriksson, M., Sollenberg, M., Strand, H., Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset (2002) Journal of Peace Research, 39, pp. 615-637; Grossman, H., A General Equilibrium Model of Insurrections (1991) American Economic Review, 81, pp. 912-921; Haavelmo, T., (1954) A Study in the Theory of Economic Evolution, , Amsterdam: North-Holland; Hegre, H., Ellingsen, T., Gates, S., Gleditsch, N.P., Towards a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War 1816-1992 (2001) American Political Science Review, 95, pp. 17-33; Hegre, H., Gleditsch, N.P., Gissinger, R., Globalization and Conflict: Welfare, Distribution, and Political Unrest (2003) Globalization and Armed Conflict, , In edited by G. Schneider, K. Barbieri and N. P. Gleditsch. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield; Hegre, H., Sambanis, N., Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on Civil War Onset (2006) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50, pp. 508-535; Hellman, J.S., Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions (1998) World Politics, 50, pp. 203-234; Heston, A., Summers, R., Aten, B., (2002) Penn World Table, Version 6.1, Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania (CICUP), , http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/downloads/index.htm, Available at; Hirshleifer, J., The Technology of Conflict as an Economic Activity (1989) American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 81, pp. 130-134; Hsieh, C.-T., Bargaining Over Reform (2000) European Economic Review, 44, pp. 1659-1676; King, G., Tomz, M., Wittenberg, J., Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation (2000) American Journal of Political Science, 44, pp. 347-361; Kobrin, S.J., (1982) Managing Political Risk Assessment, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Lichbach, M., (1995) The Rebel's Dilemma, , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; Lipset, S.M., Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy (1959) American Political Science Review, 53, pp. 69-106; Marshall, M.G., Jaggers, K., (2000) Polity IV Project: Dataset Users Manual, , http://www.bsos.umd.edu/cidcm/inscr/polity/index.htm, Available at; Martin, C.W., (2005) Die Doppelte Transformation, , Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag; Martin, C.W., Schneider, G., Pfadabhängigkeit, Konvergenz oder regulativer Wettbewerb: Eine Analyse der außenwirtschaftlichen Öffnung (2007) Politische Vierteljahresschrift Sonderheft, 39. , (in press); Miguel, E., Satyanath, S., Sergenti, E., Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach (2004) Journal of Political Economy, 112, pp. 725-753; Opp, K.-D., (1978) Theorie Sozialer Krisen: Apathie, Protest Und Kollektives Handeln, , Hamburg: Hoffman u. Campe; Quinn, D., The Correlates of Change in International Financial Regulation (1997) American Political Science Review, 91, pp. 531-551; Resnick, A.L., Investors, Turbulence, and Transition: Democratic Transition and Foreign Direct Investment in Nineteen developing Countries (2001) International Interactions, 27, pp. 381-398; Ricardo, D., (1921) On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, , 3rd edition. London: Murray; Rodrik, D., The Rush to Free Trade in the Developing World: Why So Late? Why Now? Will It Last? (1994) Voting for Reform: Democracy, Political Liberalization, and Economic Adjustment, , In edited by S. Haggard and S. B. Webb. New York: Oxford University Press; Rodrik, D., Why Do More Open Countries Have Bigger Government (1998) Journal of Political Economy, 106, pp. 997-1032; Rogowski, R., (1989) Commerce and Coalitions. How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Rosecrance, R., (1986) The Rise of the Trading State-Commerce and Conquest in the Modern World, , New York: Basic Books Inc; Rothgeb, J.M., Investment Dependence and Political Conflict in Third World Countries (1990) Journal of Peace Research, 27, pp. 255-272; Rudra, N., Globalization and the Decline of the Welfare State in Less Developed Countries (2002) International Organization, 56, pp. 411-455; Rudra, N., Openness, Welfare Spending, and Inequality in the Developing World (2004) International Studies Quarterly, 48, pp. 683-709; Russett, B., Oneal, J.R., (2001) Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, , New York: W.W. Norton; Sachs, J.D., Warner, A., Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration (1995) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, pp. 1-118; Stiglitz, J.E., (2002) Globalization and Its Discontents, , London: Allen Lane; Stiglitz, J.E., Capital-Market Liberalization, Globalization, and the IMF (2004) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20, pp. 57-71; Tomz, M., Wittenberg, J., King, G., (2003) CLARIFY: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results. Version 2.1, , http://gking.harvard.edu//stats.shtml, Stanford University, University of Wisconsin, and Harvard University. January 5. Available at; Tucker, R., (1999) BTSCS: A Binary Time-Series-Cross-Section Data Analysis Utility. Version 4.0.4, , http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~rtucker/programs/btscs/btscs.html, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Available at; Tullock, G., (1974) The Social Dilemma: The Economics of War and Peace, , Blacksburg: Public Choice Center; Tullock, G., Rent Seeking as a Negative-Sum Game (1980) Toward a Theory of the Rent Seeking Society, , In edited by J. M. Buchanan, R. D. Tollison and G. Tullock. College Station: Texas A&M University; (2002) Foreign Direct Investment Database, , http://www.unctad.org, UNCTAD. Available at; Walter, B.F., Does Conflict Beget Conflict? Explaining Recurring Civil War (2004) Journal of Peace Research, 41, pp. 371-388; Walton, J., Ragin, C., Global and National Sources of Political Protest: Third World Responses to the Debt Crisis (1990) American Sociological Review, 55, pp. 876-890; Walton, J., Seddon, D., (1994) Free Markets and Food Riots, , Cambrige, MA.: Blackwell; Weede, E., (1990) Wirtschaft, Staat and Gesellschaft, , Tübingen: Mohr; (2004) World Development Indicators 2004 CD-ROM, , World Bank. Washington, DC: World Bank},
correspondence_address1={Bussmann, M.; University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany},
issn={00208833},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud. Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koh2007129,
author={Koh, W.T.H.},
title={Terrorism and its impact on economic growth and technological innovation},
journal={Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
year={2007},
volume={74},
number={2},
pages={129-138},
doi={10.1016/j.techfore.2006.01.005},
note={cited By 51},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846658435&doi=10.1016%2fj.techfore.2006.01.005&partnerID=40&md5=06e44bbd6e13dd46b771703e6ea4457b},
affiliation={School of Economics and Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, S178903, Singapore},
abstract={Recent terrorist acts, in particular the 9-11 attacks in 2001, have created disruptions in the global economy. The short-term impact had been felt in the global tourism, airline industries, as well as the financial markets. While the global economy has recovered and is adjusting to the new global realities, the longer-term impact of heightened security risk across the world can be felt in the form of higher risk premiums in asset markets, as well as a shift of resources towards dealing with terrorism. Just as World War II had accelerated the development of nuclear energy as well as a major contributing factor in the genesis of Silicon Valley, the current war against terrorism will affect both the pace and trajectory of technology trends, as efforts are focused on developing technologies to combat terrorism. In this paper, we review the effects of the current war on terrorism in terms of its impact on the economy, the allocation of resources to R&D, and the trajectory of future R&D. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Economic growth;  Innovation;  R&D;  Technology;  Terrorism},
keywords={Economic and social effects;  Industrial economics;  Modernization;  Sustainable development, Economic growth;  Global economy;  Technological innovation;  Terrorism, Technological forecasting, economic growth;  economic impact;  global economy;  innovation;  research and development;  technological development;  terrorism},
funding_details={Singapore Management UniversitySingapore Management University, SMU},
funding_text 1={Research support from Singapore Management University is gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank the referees for their comments and suggestions, Hal Linstone for his encouragement, and my colleagues at Singapore Management for numerous discussions on the subject. All errors remain my own.},
references={Sandler, T., Enders, W., An economic perspective on transnational terrorism (2002) Working Paper, 3-4. , Economics, Finance and Legal Studies, The University of Alabama Working Paper Series; Anderton, C., Carter, J.R., Applying intermediate microeconomics to terrorism (2004) Working Paper, 4-12. , http://www.holycross.edu/departments/economics/website, Department of Economics Faculty Research Series, College of the Holy Cross Available at http://www.holycross.edu/departments/economics/website; Lake, A., (2000) 6 Nightmares, , Little, Brown and Company, New York; Frey, B.S., Luechinger, S., Measuring terrorism (2003) Institute for Empirical Research in Economics Working Paper, 171. , University of Zurich; Wouters, J., Ruys, T., The fight against terrorism and the European security strategy (2004) Institute of International Law Working Paper, 64. , http://www.internationallaw.be, Faculty of Law, K.U. Leuven Available at http://www.internationallaw.be; Lenain, P., Bonturi, M., Koen, V., The economic consequences of terrorism (2002) Discussion Paper OECDECO/WKP(2002), 20. , http://www.oecd.org/eco, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development http://www.oecd.org/eco; Brown, J.R., Kroszner, R.S., Jenn, B.H., Federal terrorism risk insurance (2002) NBER Working Paper, 9271. , http://www.nber.org/papers/w9271, National Bureau of Economic Research Available at http://www.nber.org/papers/w9271; Skons, E., Perdomo, C., Perlo-Freeman, S., Stalenheim, P., (2004) Military Expenditure, Chapter 10, SPIRI Yearbook 2004, , Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; Trajtenberg, M., Defense R&D policy in the anti-terrorist era (2003) NBER Working Paper, 9725. , http://www.nber.org/papers/w9725, National Bureau of Economic Research Available at http://www.nber.org/papers/w9725; Mowery, D., Rosenberg, N., (1989) Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth, , Cambridge University Press, UK; Tobin, J., Macroeconomic strategy in wartime (2002) Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper, 1357. , Yale University; Knezo, G.J., Possible impacts of major counter terrorism security actions on research, development, and higher education (2002) CRS Report for Congress; Blomberg, S.R., Hess, G.D., Orphanides, A., The macroeconomic consequences of terrorism (2004) CESIFO Working paper, 1151. , http://SSRN.com/abstract%3D525982, Available at http://SSRN.com/abstract=525982; Kvamme, E.F., (2002) Technology for Preventing Terrorism: Enhancing Technological Innovation, Government Subsidization and Acquisition, , Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield and Byers; Josty, P., How the war on terrorism affects innovation: when the going gets tough we innovate (2002) Calgary Herald, October 4th; Yannuzzi, R.E., (2000) In-Q-Tel: A New Partnership Between the CIA and the Private Sector, , http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/inqtel/, Available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/inqtel/; Stern, J., (1999) The Ultimate Terrorists, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge},
correspondence_address1={Koh, W.T.H.; School of Economics and Social Sciences, 90 Stamford Road, S178903, Singapore; email: winstonkoh@smu.edu.sg},
issn={00401625},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{RextonKan2007216,
author={Rexton Kan, P.},
title={Drugging babylon: The illegal narcotics trade and nation-building in Iraq},
journal={Small Wars and Insurgencies},
year={2007},
volume={18},
number={2},
pages={216-230},
doi={10.1080/09592310701400846},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044801155&doi=10.1080%2f09592310701400846&partnerID=40&md5=ff685690ac2e29ec24c1815e8b8b13af},
affiliation={US Army War College, PA, United States},
abstract={The illicit global economy is known to fuel numerous conflicts. Yet, the pernicious influence of the drug trade can be felt in many enduring conflicts of the early twenty-first century. This is the case in Iraq where organized crime syndicates, insurgent groups and sectarian militias are creating an incipient narcotized conflict. Without managing this dimension of the war, attempts to curtail violence in the country are very likely to fail. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.},
correspondence_address1={Rexton Kan, P.; US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle, PA, United States; email: paul.kan@us.army.mi},
issn={09592318},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Small Wars Insurgencies},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Nolan2007231,
author={Nolan, P. and Zhang, J.},
title={Capitalism, conflict and cooperation: US-China relations under capitalist globalisation},
journal={Integrating China: Towards the Coordinated Market Economy},
year={2007},
pages={231-264},
doi={10.7135/UPO9781843313892.009},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940023275&doi=10.7135%2fUPO9781843313892.009&partnerID=40&md5=5e587c92665237fc678a4ee16d19e6c0},
affiliation={Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Jesus College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; China Industry Development Research Centre, Peking University, China; Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom},
abstract={Introduction Since ancient times, the pursuit of profit by capitalists has stimulated human creativity in ways that have produced immense benefits. As capitalism has broadened its scope in the epoch of globalisation, these benefits have increased enormously. Human beings have been liberated to a far greater degree than hitherto from the tyranny of nature, from control by others over their lives, from poverty, and from war. However, capitalist freedom is a two-edged sword. In the epoch of globalisation, its contradictions have intensified. Inequality has increased in both rich and poor countries. The threat to the natural environment has deepened. Capitalist globalisation has produced a high degree of instability in global finance. Its surging contradictions may even result in the obliteration of the human species through nuclear war. Capitalist globalisation has created uniquely intense threats to the very existence of the human species at the same time that it has liberated humanity more than ever before from fundamental constraints. Since the late 1970s, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, China's policy of reform and opening up has led to it becoming ever more deeply integrated with the capitalist global economy. This has enabled it to benefit from the ‘advantages of the latecomer’ and to the release of its latent productive forces based on a long history of capitalist development (Xu Dixin and Wu Chengming, 2000). It has produced remarkable economic growth and transformation of Chinese people's standard of living. © Peter Nolan 2008.},
references={Aristotle, (1976) Ethics, , (Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics edition); BP, (2005) World Energy Review, , (London: BP); Braudel, F., (1993) A History of Civilisations, , (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books); Bush, G.W., (2003) National Security Strategy of the United States of America, , (Washington DC: The White House); Bush, G.W., (2006) National Security Strategy of the United States of America, , (Washington DC: The White House); Confucius, (1979) The Analects (Lun Yu), , translated, with an Introduction by D.C.Lau (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books); Department of Trade and Industry, (2005) R&D Scoreboard, 2005, , (London: DTI); Diamond, J., (2005) Collapse, , (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books); Foner, E., (1998) The Story of American Freedom, , (New York: W. W. Norton); Glyn, A., (2006) Capitalism Unleashed, , (Oxford: Oxford University Press); Gray, J., (1998) False Dawn, , (London: Granta Books); Hobsbawm, E., (1990) Nations and nationalism since 1780, , (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Huntington, S.P., (1996) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, , (New York: Simon and Schuster); Huntington, S.P., (2004) Who are we?, , London: Simon and Schuster); International Institute of Strategic Studies, (1998) The Military Balance, 1998-99, , (London: International Institute of Strategic Studies); Lewis, A., Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour (1954) The Manchester School, , (May); Lieber, K., Press, D., The rise of China's nuclear supremacy (2006) Foreign Affairs, , (March/April); Lomborg, B., (2001) The Skeptical Environmentalist, , (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); McNamara, R., Apocalypse soon (2005) Foreign Policy, , (May/June); Mearsheimer, J.J., Better be Godzilla than Bambi (2005) Foreign Policy, , (January/February); Needham, J., (1954) Science and Civilisation in China, , (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Nolan, P., (2001) China and the Global Business Revolution, , (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan); Nolan, P., (2001) China and the Global Economy, , (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan); Nolan, P., (2004) China at the Crossroads, , (Cambridge: Polity Press); Nolan, P., Zhang, J., Liu, C., (2007) The Global Business Revolution and the Cascade Effect: Systems Integration in the Global Aerospace, Beverage and Retail Industries, , (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan); Nolan, P., (2008) Coca-Cola and the Transformation of the Chinese Business System, , (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan) (forthcoming); Office of the Secretary of Defense, (2005) The Military Power of the People's Republic of China: Annual Report to Congres, , (Washington DC: Department of Defense); Piketty, T., Saez, E., (2006) The evolution of top incomes: A historical and international perspective', , National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 11955; Roach, S., (2005) Presentation to China Executive Learning Programme, , 24 October (London: Morgan Stanley, 2005); Smith, A., (1982) The Theory of Moral Sentiments, , (revised edition) (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics edition) (originally published 1761); Smith, A., (1976) The Wealth of Nations, , (2 Vols) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Cannan edition) (originally published 1776); State Statistical Bureau (SSB), Chinese Statistical Yearbook, (Zhongguo tongji nianjian), , (ZTN) (Beijing: Statistical Bureau Publishing House, various years); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), (2003) World Investment Report 2003, , (Geneva: UN Publications); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), (2005) World Investment Report 2005, , (Geneva: UN Publications); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (2002) China Human Development Report 2002: Making Green Development a Choice, , (Washington DC: Oxford University Press); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (2005) China Human Development Report 2005: Towards Human Development with Equity, , (Beijing: China Development Research Foundation); (2005) Report to Congress, , (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office); US National Academies, (2006) Rising Above the Gathering Storm; Wolf, M., (2005) Presentation to China Executive Learning Programme, , (Cambridge); Wolf, M., China's rise need not bring conflict (2005) FT, , 14 September 2005; World Bank (WB), (1986) China: Long-term Development Issues and Options, , (Washington DC: World Bank); World Bank (WB), (2002) World Development Report, 2002: Building Institutions for Markets, , (Washington: Oxford University Press); World Bank (WB), (2004) World Development Indicators, , (WDI) (Washington: Oxford University Press); Dixin, X., Wu, C., (2000) Chinese Capitalism, 1522-1840, , (edited and annotated by Charles Curwen) (Basingstoke: Macmillan)},
correspondence_address1={Nolan, P.; Judge Business School, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Anthem Press},
isbn={9781843313892; 9781843312376},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Integrating China: Towards the Coordinated Market Economy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Acharya20071,
author={Acharya, A. and Johnston, A.I.},
title={Comparing regional institutions: An introduction},
journal={Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective},
year={2007},
pages={1-31},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511491436.001},
note={cited By 42},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928289443&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511491436.001&partnerID=40&md5=fa2491095c6ab3973f4c730ecac9738c},
affiliation={Governance Research Centre, University of Bristol, United Kingdom; Government Department, Harvard University, United States},
abstract={Why study institutional design? During the past decade regionalism has received increasing attention as a major potential force for global change. While regionalism has been a consistent feature of the global security and economic architecture since World War II, the end of the Cold War and economic regionalization in the context of a rapidly integrating global economy have led to a new emphasis on regionalism. But the make-up and performance of regional organizations around the world is marked by a great deal of diversity. For example, Europe not only exhibits the highest institutional density in terms of the number of overlapping regional mechanisms, but individual European regional groupings also tend to be more heavily institutionalized and intrusive, especially in terms of their approach to issues that affect state sovereignty (such as human rights). Yet, they lag behind many other regions, such as Africa and Asia, in terms of their inclusiveness and flexibility in decision-making. Asian institutions, relatively new on the international stage, have claimed uniqueness in terms of their decision-making norms and approach to socialization, but many have questioned their effectiveness in managing security dilemmas and the economic vulnerabilities of their members. Why, then, does it appear that different forms of institutionalization develop in different regions of the world? From a simple functionalist perspective one should not expect too much variation around the world, where states generally face similar kinds of cooperation problems. © Cambridge University Press 2007 and 2009.},
references={Acharya, A., Regional approaches to security in the third world: Lessons and prospects (1994) The South at the End of the Twentieth Century, pp. 79-94. , Larry A. Swatuk and Timothy M. Shaw (eds.), London: Macmillan; Fawcett, L., Hurrell, A., (1995) Regionalism Inworld Politics: Regional Organization and International Order, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Gamble, A., Payne, A., (1996) Regionalism and World Order, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Grugel, J., Hout, W., (1998) Regionalism across the North-South Divide, , London: Routledge; Mansfield, E.D., Milner, H.D., (1997) The Political Economy of Regionalism, , New York: Columbia University Press; Hettne, B., Inotai, R., Sunkel, O., (1999) Globalism and the New Regionalism, , New York: St. Martin’s Press; Söderbaum, F., Shaw, T.M., (2003) Theories of New Regionalism: A Palgrave Reader, , New York: Palgrave Macmillan; Breslin, S., Hughes, C.W., Phillips, N., Rosamond, B., (2002) New Regionalisms in the Global Political Economy, , London: Routledge; Wilcox, F.W., Regionalism and the united nations (1965) International Organization, 19 (3), pp. 789-811; Haas, E.B., Regionalism, functionalism and universal organization (1956) World Politics, 8, pp. 238-263. , January; Claude, I.L., (1964) Swords into Plowshares, , New York: Random House; Padelford, N.J., Regional organizations and the united nations (1954) International Organization, 8, pp. 203-216; Nye, J.S., Neorealism and neoliberalism (1988) World Politics, 40 (2), 239p. , January; Martin Rochester, J., The rise and fall of international organization as a field of study (1986) International Organization, 40 (4), 786p; Puchala, D.J., The integration theorists and the study of international relations (1984) The Global Agenda: Issues and Perspectives, 186p. , Charles Kegley and Eugene Wittkopf (eds.), New York: Random House; Haas, E.B., (1964) Beyond the Nation State, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Deutsch, K., (1957) Political Community in the North Atlantic Area, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Nye, J.S., (1968) International Regionalism, , Boston: Little Brown; Lindberg, L.N., Scheingold, S.A., (1971) Regional Integration: Theory and Research, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Hansen, R.D., Regional integration: Reflections on a decade of theoretical efforts (1969) World Politics, 21, pp. 242-271. , January; Haas, E.B., The study of regional integration: Reflections on the joys and anguish of pretheorising (1972) Regional Politics Andworld Order, pp. 103-131. , Richard A. Falk and Saul H. Mendlovitz (eds.), San Francisco: Institute of Contemporary Studies; Yalem, R.J., Regional security communities (1979) The Year Book of International Affairs 1979, 217p. , George W. Keeton and George Scharzenberger (eds.), London: Stevens and Sons; Haas, E.B., International integration: The european and the universal process (1973) International Organization: Politics and Process, 399p. , Leland M. Goodrich and David A. Kay (eds.), Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; Lindberg, L.N., Decision making and integration in the european community (1966) International Political Communities: An Anthology, 203p. , Garden City, NY: Anchor Books; Hodges, M., Integration theory (1978) Approaches and Theory in International Relations, 237p. , Trevor Taylor (ed.), New York: Longman; Haas, E.B., (1968) The Uniting of Europe: Political, Economic and Social Forces, 1950–1957, 16p. , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Nye, J.S., (1987) Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization, , Lanham: University Press of America; Haas, E.B., Butterworth, R.L., Nye, J.S., (1972) Conflict-Management by International Organizations, , Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press; Haas, E.B., Regime decay: Conflict management and international organizations (1983) International Organization, 37, pp. 189-256. , Spring; Haas, E.B., (1986) Why We Still Need The United Nations: The Collective Management of International Conflict, , Berkeley: University of California, Institute of International Relations; Zacher, M.W., (1979) International Conflicts and Collective Security, 1946–1977: The United Nations, Organization of American States, Organization of African Unity, and Arab League, , New York: Praeger; Gordon, L., Economic regionalism reconsidered (1961) World Politics, 13, 245p; Duffy, C.A., Feld, W.J., Whither regional integration theory (1980) Comparative Regional Systems, 497p. , Gavin Boyd andWerner Feld (eds.), New York: Pergamon Press; Okolo, J.E., Integrative and cooperative regionalism: The economic community of west african states (1985) International Organization, 39 (1), pp. 121-153. , Winter; Haas, E.B., International integration: The european and the universal process (1966) International Political Communities: An Anthology, pp. 93-129. , Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Anchor Books; Nye, J.S., Central american regional integration International Regionalism, pp. 381-382. , Nye; Haas, E.B., (1975) The Obsolescence of Regional Integration Theory, , Berkeley: Institute of International Studies; Aggarwal, V.K., Building international institutions in asia- pacific (1993) Asian Survey, 33 (11), pp. 1029-1042. , November; Aggarwal, V.K., Comparing regional cooperation efforts in the asia-pacific and north america (1994) Pacific Cooperation: Building Economic and Security Regimes in the Asia-Pacific Region, pp. 40-65. , Andrew Mack and John Ravenhill (eds.), St Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin; Kahler, M., Institution-building in the pacific Pacific Cooperation, pp. 16-39. , Mack and Ravenhill (eds.); Kahler, M., Legalization as strategy: The asia-pacific case (2000) International Organization, 54 (3), pp. 549-571; Koremenos, B., Lipson, C., Snidal, D., (2004) The Rational Design of International Institutions, 4p. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Aggarwal, V.K., Reconciling multiple institutions: Bargaining, linkages, and nesting (1998) Institutional Designs for a Complex World: Bargaining, Linkages, and Nesting, pp. 1-31. , Vinod K. Aggarwal (ed.), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Jayasuriya, K., Introduction: The vicissitudes of asian regional governance (2004) Asian Regional Governance: Crisis and Change, 2p. , Kanishka Jayasuriya (ed.), London: Routledge; Mittelman, J.H., (2000) The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance, 113p. , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Hettne, B., Globalization and the new regionalism: The second great transformation Globalism and the New Regionalism, pp. 1-24. , Bjorn Hettne et al. (eds.); Hettne, B., The new regionalism: Implications for development and peace (1994) The New Regionalism: Implications for Global Development and International Security, 2p. , Björn Hettne and András Inotai (eds.), Helsinki: United Nations University/World Institute for Development Economics Research; Acharya, A., Ideas, identity, and institution-building: From the ‘asean way to the ‘asia pacific way’ (1997) Pacific Review, 10 (3), pp. 319-346; Haas, M., (1989) The Asian Way to Peace: A Story of Regional Cooperation, , New York: Praeger; Katzenstein, P.J., Introduction: Asian regionalism in comparative perspective (1997) Network Power: Japan and Asia, pp. 1-46. , Peter J. Katzenstein and Takashi Shiraishi (eds.), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Kurth, J., The pacific basin versus the atlantic alliance: Two paradigms of international relations (1989) The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 505, pp. 34-45. , September; Palmer, N.D., (1991) The New Regionalism in Asia and the Pacific, , Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; Maull, H., Segal, G., Wanandi, J., (1998) Europe and the Asia Pacific, , London: Routledge; Coleman, W.D., Underhill, G.R.D., (1998) Regionalism and Global Economic Integration: Europe, Asia and the Americas, , London: Routledge; Duffield, J.S., The limits of ‘rational design (2003) International Organization, 57 (2), pp. 418-419. , spring; Ayoob, M., Security in the third world: The worm about to turn (1984) International Affairs, 60 (1), pp. 41-51; Azar, E., Moon, C.-I., Third world national security: Towards a new conceptual framework (1984) International Interactions, 11 (2), pp. 103-135; Buzan, B., People, states, and fear: The national security problem in the thirdworld (1988) National Security in the Third World, pp. 14-43. , Edward Azar and Chung-in Moon (eds.), Aldershot: Edward Elgar; Sayigh, Y., (1990) Confronting the 1990S: Security in the Developing Countries, Adelphi Papers, 251. , London: International Institute for Strategic Studies; Ayoob, M., The security predicament of the third world state (1992) The (In)Security Dilemma: The National Security of Third World States, , Brian L. Job (ed.), Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Ayoob, M., The security problematic of the third world (1991) World Politics, 43 (2), pp. 257-283. , January; David, S.R., Explaining thirdworld alignment (1991) World Politics, 43 (2), pp. 232-256. , January; Gourevitch, P.A., The governance problem in international relations (1999) Strategic Choice and International Relations, pp. 137-164. , David A. Lake and Robert Powell (eds.), Princeton: Princeton University Press; Martin, L.L., The rational state choice of multilateralism (1993) Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form, pp. 91-121. , John Gerard Ruggie (ed.), New York: Columbia University Press; Olson, M., (1965) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Abdelal, R., Herrera, Y., Johnston, A.I., McDermott, R., Identity as a variable (2006) Perspectives on Politics, 4, pp. 695-711. , December; Ruggie, J.G., Multilateralism: The anatomy of an institution (1993) Multilateralism Matters, pp. 3-50. , New York: Columbia University Press; Rogowski, R., Institutions as constraints on strategic choice (1999) Strategic Choice and International Relations, pp. 115-136. , David Lake and Robert Powell (eds.), Princeton: Princeton University Press; Checkel, J., Why comply? Social learning and european identity change (2001) International Organization, 55 (3), pp. 553-588. , Summer; Johnston, A.I., Treating international institutions as social environments (2001) International Studies Quarterly, 45 (4), pp. 487-516. , December; Downs, G.W., Rocke, D.M., Barsoom, P.N., Is the good news about compliance good news about cooperation (1996) International Organization, 50 (3), 383p. , Summer; Botcheva, L., Martin, L.L., Institutional effects on state behavior: Convergence and divergence (2001) International Studies Quarterly, 45 (1), pp. 1-26. , March; Johnston, A.I., The myth of the asean way? Explaining the evolution of the asean regional forum (1999) Imperfect Unions: Security Institutions in Time and Space, , Helga Haftendorn, Robert Keohane, and Celeste Wallander, London: Oxford University Press; Chayes, A., Chayes, A., (1998) The New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511491436; 0521876036; 9780521876032},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Kariyawasam2007466,
author={Kariyawasam, R.},
title={Technology transfer},
journal={The Interface between Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Policy},
year={2007},
pages={466-504},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511495205.010},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927008564&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511495205.010&partnerID=40&md5=e6bddcdbd645aef899ff0c43ff902519},
affiliation={Information Technology, Media and E-Commerce Law, Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, United Kingdom},
abstract={Introduction The institution that most changes our lives we least understand, or more correctly, seek most elaborately to misunderstand. That is the modern corporation. John Kenneth Galbraith, The Age of Uncertainty (1977) There is no doubt that since World War II, licences and other forms of technology transfer agreements have fulfilled technological needs that could not be met by local technical and scientific capabilities. Currently, the Asia–Pacific region, including Singapore, is one of the most important acquirers of foreign technologies through contractual channels in the developed world. The aim of this chapter is to look at the competition implications faced by producers in developing and newly developed economies in licensing-in technology or through some form of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the developed world or other parts of the global economy with the aim of stimulating domestic production or with the aim of using as inputs into local manufacturing process, and creating new outputs for export. FDI is moving into services, but its relationship with technology transfer, particularly in developing countries, has always been complex. As a recent United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) report stressed: ‘As commercial enterprises, transnational companies (TNCs) in principle do not have an interest in transferring knowledge to and supporting innovation in foreign affiliates beyond what is needed for the production process or product in question. Developing countries therefore cannot expect that, by simply opening their doors to FDI, TNCs will transform their technological base.’},
references={Correa, C.M., (2000) Intellectual Property Rights, the WTO and Developing Countries, p. 31. , Zed Books; Saggi, K., (2000) Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Technology Transfer: A Survey, , World Bank; Smarzynska, K.B., (2002) Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Evidence from Transition Economies, p. 2. , The World Bank; Hoekman, B., Ng, F., Olarreaga, M., (2001) Tariff Peaks in the Quad and Least Developed Country Exports, , The World Bank, February; Maskus, K., The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Transfer (1998) Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 9, p. 7; Chen, E.K.Y., Introduction: Transnational Corporations and Technology Transfer to Developing Countries (1994) The United Nations Library on Transactional Corporations, 18, p. 10. , (London: Routledge); Westphal, L., Technology Strategies for Economic Development (2002) Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 11 (4-5), pp. 275-320. , (August-October); Welch, S.L., The Technology Transfer Process in Foreign Licensing Arrangements (1996) The Economics of Communication and Information, p. 156. , ch. 17; Correa, C.M., Emerging Trends: New Patterns of Technology Transfer (2000) The International Transfer of Technology: The Origins and Aftermath of the United Nations Negotiations on a Draft Code of Conduct, pp. 268-270. , S. Patel, P. Roffe and A. Yusuf (eds.), The Hague: Kluwer Law International; Moran, H.T., (2001) Parental Supervision: The New Paradigm for Foreign Direct Investment and Development, p. 63. , No. 64 Policy Analyses in International Economics, Institute for International Economics August; Lall, S., Transnationals, Domestic Enterprises and Industrial Structure in LDCs: A Survey Oxford Economic Papers, 30, pp. 217-248; Welch, S.L., The Technology Transfer Process in Foreign Licensing Arrangements (1996) The Economics of Communication and Information, p. 159. , ch. 17; Contractor, F., The Composition of Licensing Fees and Arrangements as a Function of Economic Development of Technology Recipient Nations (1980) Journal Of International Business Studies; Ramachandran, V., Technology Transfer, Firm Ownership and Investment in Human Capital (1993) Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, pp. 664-670; Anderman, S., (1998) EC Competition Law and Intellectual Property Rights: The Regulation of Innovation, p. 5. , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Balasubramanyam, N.V., Elliott, C., Competition Policy and the WTO (2004) The WTO and Developing Countries, p. 306. , H. Katrak and R. Strange (eds.), Palgrave Macmillan ch. 13; Correa, C., (1998) Transfer of Technology in Latin America: A Decade of Control, p. 391; Welch, S.L., The Technology Transfer Process in Foreign Licensing Arrangements (1996) The Economics of Communication and Information, p. 160. , ch. 17; Roffe, P., Tesfachew, T., (2004) Revisiting the Technology Transfer Debate: Lessons for the New WTO Working Group, , http://www.ictsd.org, (date accessed, October); Abbott, F., The Competition Provisions in the TRIPS Agreement: Implications for Technology Transfer (2003) Joint WIPO-WTO Workshop, Intellectual Property Rights and Transfer of Technology, p. 2. , (November); (2003) To Promote Innovation: The Proper Balance of Competition and Patent Law and Policy, , October; Maskus, K., (2003) ICTSD-UNCTAD Dialogue, 2nd Bellagio Series on Development and Intellectual Property, p. 14. , September},
correspondence_address1={Kariyawasam, R.; Information Technology, Media and E-Commerce Law, Human Rights Centre, University of EssexUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511495205; 0521863163; 9780521863162},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Interface between Intellect. Property Rights and Competition Policy},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Merenne-Schoumaker20073,
author={Merenne-Schoumaker, B.},
title={The future of economic activity zones in Wallonia (Belgium). Reflection and suggestions [L'avenir des zones d'activités économiques en Wallonie. Réflexions et propositions]},
journal={Territoire en Mouvement},
year={2007},
number={3},
pages={3-14},
doi={10.4000/tem.725},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68249116249&doi=10.4000%2ftem.725&partnerID=40&md5=071964cd28023c2b253328c701bb4d50},
affiliation={Université de Liège, D́epartement de Geographie, Sart Tilman B11 4000 Liège, Belgique, Belgium},
abstract={In Wallonia, economic activity zones started to be created since just after the Second World War and have always contributed to both economic development and good regional planning. Originally reserved for large-scale industries of the fordist type, the formula was extended to include small and medium-sized companies, except retail business, and even generated specialised spaces like science parks, multi-modal transport centres and business parks. Throughout its development the success of the zones and the parks has scarcely weakened: there are over 200s in the region today in which over 4, 500 companies can be found, totalling over 20% of private employment in Wallonia. Those companies correspond to the large majority of the new industries and activities of the heavy service sector, as well as to a very large number of transfers of activities that were, long ago, located in the urban towns. Nevertheless, the recent expansion of these zones raises an increasing number of questions: should their expansion be encouraged or should it instead be slowed by more efficient management? This article studies these questions and suggests avenues for reflections and suggestions that cross the divide between the zones themselves and, more globally, the planning and development policies.},
author_keywords={Economic activity zones;  Industrial estates;  Regional economic development;  Regional planning;  Wallonia},
keywords={development project;  economic activity;  economic development;  economic planning;  employment;  Fordism;  future prospect;  global economy;  industrial location;  regional planning;  small scale industry;  urban region;  zoning policy, Belgium;  Benelux;  Eurasia;  Europe;  Wallonia;  Western Europe},
references={Etude complémentaire relative aux profits d'accessibilité - Profils de mobilité (2002) CPDT (Conference Permanente du Developpement Territorial), , http://www.lepur.geo.ulg.ac.be/telechargement/recnerches/finalisees/ subv_01-02/rapport/01-02-etude_compl_profils-de-mobilite.pdf, Rapport final. Liege. LEPUR; Evaluation Des Besoins en Matière de Zones D'activités Économiques (2007) CPDT (Conférence Permanente du Développement Territorial), , Mission d'expertise demandée par le gouvernement wallon. Rapport iné-dit. Louvain-la Neuve et Liège: CREAT et LEPUR; (2007) Les Chiffres-cles de la Wallonie, p. 7. , IWEPS (Institut wallon de l'Evaluation, de la Prospective et de la Statistique)Namur; (2006) Travailler en Ville. Comment Promouvoir I'activité Économique en Milieu Urbain?, , IEW (Inter Environnement Wallonie) Dossier. Namur; Leblanche, P., Guenancia-Breger, N., Les zones D'activités : Stratégie D'aménagement et de Développement (2000) Voiron: La Lettre du Cadre Territorial, S.E.P.T, Dossier d'experts, p. 343; Lejeune, F., La Gestion Durable des ZAE (2005) Une Nouvelle Manière De Penser L'environnement, , http://environnement.wallonie.be/cgi/dgrne/aerw/cpfdd/zonings/ cepefedd_zae/pdf/j3/6-spi+.pdf, Colloque Travailler en Ville, IEW-SPI+, 5 mars 2005; Merenne-Schoumaker, B., Les zones et les pares industriels (1975) La Géographie, 105, pp. 87-110. , Bruxelles: Fegepro; Merenne-Schoumaker, B., Les Nouveaux Sites Industriels en Belgique (1977) Travaux de I'Institut de Géographie de Reims, pp. 31-32. , Reims, 35-56; Merenne-Schoumaker, B., Localisations Industrielles et Milieu Urbain (1977) Bulletin de la Société geographique de Liège, 13, pp. 5-18. , Liege; Merenne-Schoumaker, B., Des zones Industrielles Aux Pares Scientifiques, Tech-nologiques et D'affaires (1991) Trente Ans de Mutations des Sites D'entreprises, 2-3, pp. 152-157. , Régions de fortes densités, Mélanges offerts à A. Gamblin. Hommes et Terres du Nord, Lille; Merenne, E., Merenne-Schoumaker, B., Demoulin, B., Kupper, J.-L., Les Cadres Territoriaux (2004) Histoire de la Wallonie. De la Préhistoire au XXIe Siècle, pp. 13-34. , Toulouse : Editions Privat; Vandermotten, C., Wallonie: Des Crises Emboîtées ? (1984) Revue Beige de Géographie, (108), pp. 57-69. , /2},
correspondence_address1={Merenne-Schoumaker, B.; Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B11 4000 Liège, Belgique, Belgium; email: B.Merenne@ulg.ac.be},
publisher={Universite des Sciences et Technologiques de Lille},
issn={19544863},
language={French},
abbrev_source_title={Territoire Mouv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lipták200716,
author={Lipták, B.},
title={The power of the Sun - Part 1},
journal={Control (Chicago, Ill)},
year={2007},
volume={20},
number={1},
pages={16-18},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847030412&partnerID=40&md5=b7a578e89f265d3ed3e146c2e8ed0733},
abstract={Some of the recommendations to convert solar energy into inexhaustible and clean solar-hydrogen energy are discussed. The recommended solutions include the availability of the required solar energy, the methods and efficiencies available to convert solar energy to electricity, the technology to convert that energy into liquid hydrogen for storage distribution, the costs, and the steps needed to convert global economy to solar-hydrogen without wars or disruptions. The per capita collector area required to meet the total energy needs of the globe would range from 2.5 m2 for people living in Africa to 40 m2 in Canada when the collection and conversion system is 10% efficient. The collector area required to meet total energy consumption of the global population is also estimated to be about 3%-5% of the area of the Sahara region.},
keywords={Energy conversion;  Energy efficiency;  Energy utilization;  Solar collectors, Energy demands;  Liquid hydrogen;  Solar hydrogen energy;  Storage distribution, Solar energy},
correspondence_address1={email: liptakbela@aol.com},
issn={10495541},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Control},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Goldberg2006183,
author={Goldberg, E.},
title={The historiography of crisis in the egyptian political economy},
journal={Middle East Historiographies},
year={2006},
pages={183-207},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903501621&partnerID=40&md5=4a07db1862ba89cdee4f40de3d1ac58c},
affiliation={University of Washington, Seattle, United States},
abstract={Writing the political economy of twentieth-century Egypt has remained largely faithful to the path blazed by Charles Issawi in 1947 when he published Egypt: An Economic and Social Analysis. The periodization he established, which divides Egypt's history into a postNapoleonic era (1798-1882), a period of British occupation (1882-1922), and a monarchical era, is still widely accepted and has since been extended as the monarchy was replaced in 1952 by a republic whose basic institutions, established by Gamal Abdel Nasser, have persisted into the twenty-first century. The challenges to and revisions ofIssawi's 1947 arguments appear to have been affected mainly by the discourses and experiences of the military government that came to power in 1952. Arguments about whether Egypt after Napoleon was Arab in character or remained Ottoman frequently reject arguments of the early 1950S that attribute to Mehmet Ali the role of creator of an Egyptian state for an Egyptian people. There is one major, paradoxical difference between our understanding of the Egyptian economy today and Issawi's understanding of it in the first half of the twentieth century. Where Issawi saw difficult but soluble problems, we now see crisis; where Issawi saw truly critical problems, we now affect to see nothing amiss. In this essay I focus on two aspects of the transformation of Issawi's theory of a liberal political economy into the now-dominant paradigm: An ecological crisis that never happened and the disappearance of child labor as an issue in the study of the Egyptian political economy. This, I believe, is the result of viewing Egypt through the lens of anticolonial discourse, with the unconscious and unintended consequence that many of the conventional judgments of colonial apologists have been adopted. The well-defined and widely accepted narrative of the political economy of Egypt has neither been seriously challenged nor been seriously questioned since it was first elaborated in the late 1940S by Issawi. Several elements compose the basis of this narrative. First, the British occupation effected the complete integration of Egypt into the global economy as an exporter of cotton around 1900. Second, the forced specialization of Egypt as a commodity exporter created an economy that was structurally imbalanced. Third, the liberal political institutions of the day were a facade that sheltered a corrupt and brutal ruling class headed by a royal family without any links to local society. The fourth basis of this narrative posits that Egypt's political economy was wracked by a prolonged structural crisis due to the weak social, economic, and political institutions of the Old Regime, and this was resolved only after the coup of a group of young army officers in 1952. Although elements of this narrative may be found in studies before 1952 on Egypt, it was only after 1952 that the narrative appeared as a coherent story, and only aft.er that were its elements routinely linked to a narrative of crisis. Egyptian perceptions before 1952 of what constituted a crisis, and of the links between economic structures and crisis, were markedly different from their perceptions post-1952. In effect, a narrative designed to legitimate a military coup has been uncritically accepted as though it were selfevidently rooted in objective facts of Egypt's political, economic, and social life. In the process, and in line with the needs of the military government that came to power in 1952, Egyptians have by and large been written out of the picture as agents before 1952. Although some of the elements of this narrative have been challenged, it has not been subjected to direct critique, nor have some of the important claims about colonial crisis been confronted. The two most important elements of the narrative that have been subjected to criticism are the concepts (1) of comprador capitalism and (2) of political stasis verging on prolonged crisis after the 1948 Palestine war. That a crisis occurred in Egyptian agriculture in the second decade of the twentieth century is one of the most important building blocks of contemporary understanding of Egypt's political economy during the imperial era. That the crisis had its source in imperial tampering with the ecology is widely accepted by liberal economists and radical historians alike. The evidence for such a crisis, let alone an explanation of its causes, is remarkably slender: A series of numbers without context and a handful of accounts in published memoirs of British officials. Nevertheless, since the early 1970S the idea of an agricultural crisis in the early twentieth century has been uncrit ically accepted and reproduced by successive authors. Each retelling of the tale increases its authority, but its repetition has not strengthened its empirical foundation; it is simply not true. In this essay I briefly demonstrate why there was not a crisis and then consider the discursive traditions, both historiographical and official, in which crisis played so prominent a role. Exploring the historiography of the crisis allows us to place the history of the Egyptian political economy on sounder footing and to understand the importance of the concept of crisis in contemporary academic writing about Egypt specifically and the third world more generally. Whether Egypt experienced more crises in the twentieth century than other countries, I cannot say, but its historiographical tradition is certainly replete with warnings of crisis. There are two basic ways of thinking about crisis: structural embeddedness and exogenous occurrence. During the twentieth century the notion of a structurally embedded crisis in political economy was probably most strongly associated with Marxism. According to this view, economic forces naturally move society and social classes toward irreconcilable conflict Other structural explanations of crisis exist and are found, for example, in the literature on game theory, where a payoff structure induces agents to inefficient, noncooperative interaction. The concept of exogenous shock, on the other hand, suggests that a structured system exists in equilibrium but can be unexpectedly transformed by external events such as climate change or the invention of a new technique of production. The standard account regarding Egypt, one that can probably be generalized to many other parts of the imperial world in the early twentieth century, is a picture of ecological and political crises in a global capitalist system. The imposition of capitalist institutions under colonial rule led to a structural crisis: After the First World War, the moral, economic, and political crisis of AngloFrench colonialism created an environment conducive to a new political order in Egypt. The nationalist movement was an effect of urban middle strata educated in modem, western-style schools-the effendiyya-and circles of large landowners simultaneously articulating and responding to collective anti-colonialist sentiment and action •... A central element of the political economy of the 1892-1924 era was a multifaceted rural ecological crisis. After expanding rapidly in the 18905, crop yields and cultivated areas reach a plateau, as agriculture attained the economic limits of the environment, deployed technology, and the social relations of production .... Consequently, agricultural yields declined by about 15 percent from 1900 to 1920 and recovered only in 1930.' The causal relations seem clear: The area under cultivation and average yields per unit of area in Egypt expanded in the 1890S but then declined after 1900 and continued to decline until 1920. In some unspecified way, environmental constraints, limited technological innovation, and the structure of property rights combined to cause this decline, which was reversed only after 1930. A decline of 15 percent in yield must have affected rural incomes significantly unless, of course, prices increased equally significantly. It is certainly plausible that a 15 percent decline in incomes (applied to a world in which prices were constant) would have caused economic distress of crisis proportions that, combined with weakened institutions in Britain and France, led to the emergence of a new political culture-a nationalist movement-among rural and urban elites. We might begin by asking just how much the landed elite perceived the period as one of social or economic structural crisis. My own reading of the writing they produced suggests no sense of structural crisis. Most of the institutions and people prominently involved in Egyptian politics were already in place by 1912 and continued to play crucial (and often the same) roles until the mid-1930S. World War I presented a profound challenge to the established order in Egypt, and there were some profound conflicts over policymaking during the war years. No perception of structural crisis existed, but the war was perceived as an exogenous shock, and Egyptian landowners, like English textile-mill owners, were slow to perceive how the war transformed the structure of global markets. Of course, the historiographical discourse of crisis in Egypt written since the 1970S is not founded primarily on elite perceptions of the period and certainly not on the idea of exogenous shock. 2 It is, as the excerpt above indicates, founded on a claint of structural crisis backed up by hard evidence: A steep decline in yields that lasted for two decades. If anything, the absence of a discussion of crisis among Egyptian elites during the period might be adduced to show how removed they were from the concerns of their own society. © 2006 by University of Washington Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Beinin, J., Egypt: Society and economy, 1923-1952 (1999) The Cambridge History of Egypt, pp. 309-310. , ed. M. W. Daly (Cambridge; Cambridge University Press); Tignor, (1984) State, Private Enterprise and Economic Change in Egypt, 1918-1952, , Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press; Goldberg, E., (2004) Trade, Reputation, and Child Labor in Twetttieth-Century Egypt, , New York: Palgrave; Vitalis, R., (1995) When Capitalists Collide, , Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; Craig, J.L., Notes on cotton statistics in Egypt (1910) L 'Egypte Corltemporaine, pp. 166-198; (1927) Offidal Report of the International Cotton Congress; Migdal, J., (1974) Peasants, Politics and Revolutiotl, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Huntington, S., (1968) Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 72. , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Apter, D., (1965) The Politics of Modernization, p. 47. , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Berque, J., (1972) Egypt: Imperialism and Revolution, , trans. Jean Stewart (London: Faber); Mitchell, T., (1988) Coumising Egypt, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Huntington, Political Order; Migdal, J., (1988) Strong Societies and Weak States, pp. 93-95. , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Wolf, E., (1982) Europe and the People without History, p. 311. , Berkeley: University of California Press; Vatikiotis, P.J., (1969) The Modem History of Egypt, , New York: Praeger; Balls, L., Analyses of agricultural yield, part iii, the influence of natural environmental factors upon the yield of Egyptian cotton (1918) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 208, pp. 157-223; Dudgeon, G.C., A brief revue of the cotton conditions in Egypt during the past five years (1923) L 'Egypte Contemporaine, 14, pp. 517-532; Casoda, M.M., Chronique agricole de I' Annee 1922 (1922) L'Egypte Contemporaine, 70, pp. 141-161; Tignor, State, Private Enterprise and Economic Change; Richards, A., (1982) Egypt's Agricultural Development 1800-1980, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Hansen, B., Employment and wages in rural Egypt (1969) American Economic Review, 59, pp. 298-313; Hansen, (1991) Egypt and Turkey, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Beinin, Egypt; Hansen, Egypt and Turkey; Beinin, Gypt; Balls, Analyses of Agricultural Yield; Todd, J.A., (1915) The Worlds Cotton Crops, pp. 266-269. , London: A. and C. Black, Ltd; Balls, Analyses of Agricultural Yield, p. 123; Balls, Analyses of Agricultural Yield, p. 129; Balls, Analyses of Agricultural Yield, p. 129; Egypt, ministry of finance (1921) Atmuaire Statistique, , Cairo: Imprimerie Nationale; Ahmad, I., Hafiz, M.A.A.-R., (1937) Aswaq Al-qutn Wa Tijaratuhu Fi Misr, , Cairo: Al-Saadah Publishers; Griliches, Z., Hybrid corn: An explanation in the economics of technological change (1957) Econometrica, 25, pp. 501-522; Musoke, M.S., Olmstead, A.L., Cotton industry in california: A comparative perspective (1982) Journal of Economic History, 42, pp. 385-412. , 390; Todd, J.A., He market for egyptian cotton in 1909-1910 (1911) L'Egypte Con Tempo Rain, pp. 1-29; Craig, Notes on Cotton Statistics; Richards, Egypt's Agricultural Development, pp. 77-80; Hansen, Egypt and Turkey, p. 23; Beinin, Egypt, pp. 309-310; Sidki, H., (1950) AI-Qutn Al-Misri, p. 260. , Cairo: Egyptian Renaissance Press; (1926) Agricultural Problems in their International Aspect, p. 177. , Rome: Printing Office of the International Institute of Agriculture; Polier, L., La question des prix du coton et de l'approvisionnement des filatures (1914) L'Egypte Contemporaine, 5, p. 323; Craig, Notes on Cotton Statistics, p. 182; (1938) Official Report of the XVIII International Cotton Congress, p. 76. , Manchester: Cloister Press; Nahas, Y., (1952) Juhud Al-Niqabah Al-Zira Iyya Al-Misrirra Al-'Ammah Fi Thalath Ina, p. 41. , Amm (Cairo: Dar aI-Nil); Ahmad, Hafiz, Aswaq Al-qlltn Wa Tijaratuhll Fi Misr, 11, pp. 70-71; Black, J.D., The outlook for american cotton (1936) Review of Economic Statistics, 17 (3), pp. 68-78; Agricultural Problems, p. 113; Dudgeon, Brief Revue, p. 529; Dudgeon, Brief Revue, p. 205; Nahas, Y., (1952) Dhikrayat, p. 41. , Cairo: Dar al-Nil; Milner, A., (1892) England in Egypt, p. 284. , London; Edward Arnold; Milner, A., (1892) England in Egypt, p. 284; Eigood, P.G., (1928) The Transit of Egypt, pp. 201-202. , London: Edward Arnold and Company; Issawi, C., (1947) Egypt: An Economic and Social Analysis, , London: Oxford U niversity Press; Issawi, (1954) Egypt at Mid-Century: An Economic Survey, , London: Oxford University Press; Issawi, (1963) Egypt in Revolution, , London: Oxford University Press; Richards, Egjpt's Agricultural Development, p. 126; Mitchell, Coionising Egypt; Beinin, Egypt; Casoria, Chronique Agricole, p. 145; Earl of Cromer (1908) Madem Egypt, 2, pp. 463-465. , London: Macmillan and Company; Lloyd, (1933) Egypt Since Cromer, 1, p. 148. , London; Macmillan and Company; (1938) Official Report, p. 63; Vitalis, When Capitalists Collide, p. 53; Lenin, V.I., Imperialism, the highest state of capitalism (1967) Selected Warks, 3, p. 740. , (Moscow; Progress Publishers; Lenin, V.I., Imperialism, the highest state of capitalism (1967) Selected Warks, 3, p. 742; Berque, Egypt, p. 234; Berque, Egypt, p. 234; Berque, Egypt, p. 235; Lofchie, M.F., Collmiins, S.K., Food deficits and agricultural policies in tropical Africa (1982) Journal of Modem African Studies, 20 (1), p. 14; Issawi, Egypt; Mitchell, T., (2002) Rule of Experts, , Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; Issawi, Egypt, p. 201; Walters, P.B., Briggs, C.M., The family economy, child labor, and schooling: Evidence from the early twentieth century south (1993) American Sociological Review, 58 (2), pp. 163-181; Hansen, Employment and Wages; (1994) The Sweat and Toil of Children, p. 55. , Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Issawi, Egypt at Mid-Century; Issawi, Egypt at Mid-Century, p. 271},
correspondence_address1={Goldberg, E.; University of Washington, Seattle, United States},
publisher={University of Washington Press},
isbn={9780295986043},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Middle E. Historiographies},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Harrison20061,
author={Harrison, N.E.},
title={Thinking about the world we make},
journal={Complexity in World Politics: Concepts and Methods of a New Paradigm},
year={2006},
pages={1-23},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899228930&partnerID=40&md5=1ae15fe10145962c2bae64e8a6c160d5},
abstract={Despite nearly a hundred years of theorizing, scholars and practitioners alike are constantly surprised by international and global political events. The abrupt end of the much-studied Cold War was widely unanticipated, as were the consequences of the collapse of communism in Europe. The defining characteristics of four decades of international politics were erased in a few short years, but the globalization of economic and social life has continued. The 1997 Asian finance crisis rattled the US and European stock markets, civic strife in Venezuela influences the price of oil, and the needs of AIDS patients in South Africa challenge international agreements on intellectual property. Out of the blue, terrorists attacked within the United States one sunny September morning. A year earlier, in the space of a few months the global economy lurched from rapid expansion to recession and flirted with deflation. © 2006 State University of New York. All rights reserved.},
references={Anderson, P.W., Arrow, K.J., Pines, D., (1988) The Economy As An Evolving Complex System, , Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, 5. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley; Arthur, W.B., Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events (1989) Economic Journal, 99, pp. 116-131. , March 1; Arthur, W.B., Positive feedbacks in the economy (1990) Scientific American, 262 (2), pp. 92-99. , February; Arthur, W.B., Durlauf, S.N., Lane, D.A., (1997) The Economy As An Evolving Complex System II, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Axelrod, R.M., (1997) The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Cooperation, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Axtell, R.L., Epstein, J.M., Dean, J.S., Gumerman, G.J., Swedlund, A.C., Harburger, J., Chakravarty, S., Parker, M., Population growth and collapse in a multiagent model of the kayenta anasazi in long house valley (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 99 (10 SUPPL. 3), pp. 7275-7279; Barbier, E.B., Burgess, J.C., Folke, C., (1994) Paradise Lost: The Ecological Economics of Biodiversity, , London: Earthscan for the Beijer Institute; Buzan, B., Little, R., Why International relations has failed (2001) Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 30 (1), pp. 19-39; Capra, F., (1982) The Turning Point, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Cederman, L.-E., (1997) Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States and Nations Develop and Dissolve, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Cederman, L.-E., Skrede Gleditsch, K., Conquest and regime change: An evolutionary model of the spread of democracy and peace (2004) International Studies Quarterly, 48 (3), pp. 603-629. , September; Cilliers, P., (1998) Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems, , New York: Routledge; Collins, R., Hanneman, R., Mordt, G., Discovering theory dynamics by simulation (1995) Sociological Methodology, 25, pp. 1-46; Costanza, R., (1991) Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability, , New York: Columbia University Press; Daly, H.E., (1991) Steady-State Economics, , 2nd ed. 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publisher={State University of New York Press},
isbn={9780791468074},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Complexity in World Politics: Concepts and Methods of a New Paradigm},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Mitchell20061,
author={Mitchell, W.P.},
title={Voices from the global margin: Confronting poverty and inventing new lives in the Andes},
journal={Voices from The Global Margin: Confronting Poverty and Inventing New Lives in the Andes},
year={2006},
pages={1-268},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897246476&partnerID=40&md5=1bf1a21b3bb3d06aaeccfd7df028c04c},
abstract={Voices from the Global Margin looks behind the generalities of debates about globalization to explore the personal impact of global forces on the Peruvian poor. In this highly readable ethnography, William Mitchell draws on the narratives of people he has known for forty years, offering deep insight into how they have coped with extreme poverty and rapid population growth-and their creation of new lives and customs in the process. In their own passionate words they describe their struggles to make ends meet, many abandoning rural homes for marginal wages in Lima and the United States. They chronicle their terror during the Shining Path guerrilla war and the government's violent military response. Mitchell's long experience as an anthropologist living with the people he writes about allows him to put the stories in context, helping readers understand the impact of the larger world on individuals and their communities. His book reckons up the human costs of the global economy, urging us to work toward a more just world. © 2006 by the University of Texas Press. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Mitchell, W.P.},
publisher={University of Texas Press},
isbn={9780292712690},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Voices from The Global Margin: Confronting Pover. and Inventing New Lives in the Andes},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Smallacombe2006177,
author={Smallacombe, P.S.},
title={Rootedness, isolation, and social capital in an inner-city white neighborhood},
journal={Social Capital in The City: Community and Civic Life in Philadelphia},
year={2006},
pages={177-195},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895646796&partnerID=40&md5=4498794def1f21b5f55b6ef16d27d966},
affiliation={United Way of Bucks County, United States},
abstract={IN HIS BOOK Whitetown USA, Philadelphia journalist Peter Binzen documented the complex experience and untold story of urban white ethnic residents of the Kensington neighborhood at the end of the 1960s. Already in the throes of industrial decline, this traditionally white working-class area of the city known for its toughness and resistance to change had been the home of hardworking homeowners living side by side with hard-living renters for generations. Binzen painted a poignant yet candid portrait of the pride and patriotism, as well as anger and alienation, among residents during an intense period of social, economic, and political turbulence; he also captured with sensitivity and accuracy the centrality of social capital that was necessary for survival within but not always sufficient for social mobility beyond the local community. In this chapter, I discuss the precarious position of an increasingly poor white working-class section of the Kensington area of Philadelphia (see map on p. xiv) I call the Parish neighborhood.2 Though its first major growth occurred in the 1830s with the influx of British, Irish, and German immigrants, the Kensington area was transformed in the 1860s into a mill town of predominantly textile manufacturing, metallurgical, and shipping industries.3 Rowhouses were constructed adjacent to the mills by private contractors to accommodate the growing industrial workforce (including Polish, Italian, Ukrainian, and Jewish immigrants); social institutions such as churches and schools were established to serve immigrant and native communities coexisting in the area. Over the twentieth century, Kensington has been a particularly dramatic site of industrial growth and working-class prosperity, and then eventual postindustrial decline and residents' further isolation from the global economy. Today, the neighborhood continues to support a surviving though greatly diminished manufacturing, distribution, and retail sector; nonprofit institutions serving an increasingly impoverished and hard-living population, many of whom receive government assistance or other forms of disability insurance; and a thriving underground economy of drugs, prostitution, and other legal and illegal activities. The exodus of more affluent residents from the Parish neighborhood after World War II and the subsequent weakening of local institutions have created an urban community increasingly cut off from mainstream society. In particular, younger generations who continue to live in this section of Kensington lack exposure to other areas of the city or healthier sectors of the economy as well as involvement in the institutional life of the community. They grapple with the continued legacy of the "Whitetowner" and barriers to advancement that have only increased in the new global economy. Working-class and poor whites in the Parish neighborhood have not been subjected to structural discrimination of the type and magnitude experienced by people of color in United States, particularly African Americans. However, my ethnographic study shows that many are faced with both perceived and actual disadvantages in cultural and social capital, which is in part the unintended consequence of race-based initiatives in areas of employment and legal protections that affect their success in workplaces and more generally in the wider society. As their position as dominant white working-class residents in Kensington becomes more insecure in this postindustrial economy and amid more vigorous institutional efforts to address racism around the city, people in the Parish neighborhood increasingly see themselves as disenfranchised majority citizens. At the same time, many local residents hold onto patterns and lifestyles rooted in the history and foundations of community life that can only be sustained within the Parish neighborhood environment. Families and individuals, particularly those still involved in the local parish, continue to benefit from a tightly knit and protective social organization in which residents can turn to family networks to share economic and personal burdens. Yet ironically, staying in the neighborhood and embracing local cultural outlooks often closes off access to the very tools to help people who stay create a more secure situation for themselves or the next generation. This chapter explores limiting outcomes of bonding social capital in this inner-city white Philadelphia neighborhood, such as attitudes toward education, young pregnancies, oppositional youth culture, and families living in the crisis mode that necessitate staying in the neighborhood or eliminate pathways for social and geographic mobility. Research for this chapter is based on my ethnographic study of an area of Kensington I refer to as the Parish neighborhood. From 1994-98, I talked with people and observed activities in neighborhood churches, schools, workplaces, recreation centers, and homes, conducting sixty formal individual and group interviews. To gain a deeper understanding of the inner workings of this community, I completed two more extensive sojourns in the Parish neighborhood. First, I volunteered in 1996 as a counselor for a summer day camp at a local playground in the neighborhood. In addition, I became a resident for summer 1997, living with an elderly woman across the street from the St. Jude Parish complex buildings and behind a recreation center and playing field.4 For one year, I also volunteered to check lottery tickets for a weekly parish lottery fundraiser. In this chapter, I focus on the observations of residents whom I call insider outsiders to illustrate mechanisms of social capital in the local culture of the Parish neighborhood. Having grown up in the neighborhood and left to pursue higher education, careers, or military service, these people have a perspective on both local knowledge and social mobility different from their peers because of their experiences in the larger world. Their stories of traversing the boundary of the community back and forth reveal unique and important perspectives on the experience of rootedness as it defines life chances in the Parish neighborhood. I have also included limited descriptions of local institutions to invite the reader into places where social networks flourish and residents continue to benefit from resources today. © 2006 by Temple University Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Binzen, P., (1970) Whitetown, p. 12. , USA (New York: Random House); Golab, C., (1977) Immigrant Destinations, , Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Hershberg, T., (1981) Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family, and Group Experience in the 19th Century, , ed., (New York: Oxford University Press); Scranton, P., Licht, W., (1983) Work Sights: Industrial Philadelphia 1890-1950, , Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Adams, C., Bartelt, D., Elesh, D., Goldstein, I., Kleniewski, N., Yancey, W., (1991) Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, Division, and Conflict in a Postindustrial City, , Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Goode, J., Schneider, J.A., (1994) Reshaping Ethnic and Racial Relations in Philadelphia: Immigrants in a Divided City, , Philadelphia: Temple University Press; Putnam, R.D., (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, p. 22. , New York: Simon and Schuster; Wirth, L., (1928) The Ghetto, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Whyte, W.F., (1943) Street Corner Society, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Gans, H., (1962) Urban Villagers, , New York: Free Press; Suttles, G., (1968) The Social Order of the Slum, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Kornblum, W., (1974) Blue-Collar Community, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Horowitz, R., (1983) Honor and the American Dream, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Rieder, J., (1985) Canarsie: The Jews and Italians of Brooklyn against Liberalism, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Anderson, E., (1990) Streetwise, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Portes, A., Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology (1998) Annual Review of Sociology, 24, pp. 1-24; Becker, H., (1970) Sociological Work, pp. 261-273. , New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books; Wilson, W.J., (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged, p. 56. , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Rubin, L.B., (1994) Families on the Faultline, , New York: HarperCollins; Kasinitz, P., Hillyard, D., The old timer's tale: The politics of nostalgia on the waterfront (1995) Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 2, pp. 139-164; Mcmahon, E.M., (1995) What Parish are you From? a Chicago Irish Community and Race Relations, , Lexington: University Press of Kentucky; Mcgreevy, J.T., (1996) Parish Boundaries: The Catholic Encounter with Race in the Twentieth-Century Urban North, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Erikson, K.T., (1976) Everything in its Path, , New York: Simon and Schuster; Hunter, A., (1974) Symbolic Communities, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Carter, E., Donald, J., Squires, J., (1993) Space and Place: Theories of Identity and Location, , eds., (London: Lawrence and Wishart); Pred, A., Watts, M.J., (1992) Reworking Modernity, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Berger, P., Luckmann, T., (1963) The Social Construction of Reality, , New York: Doubleday; Janowitz, M., (1952) The Community Press in An Urban Setting, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Stack, C., (1974) All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community, , New York: Harper and Row; Rubin, L.B., (1976) Worlds of Pain: Life in the Working Class Family, , New York: Basic Books; Komarovsky, M., (1962) Blue-Collar Marriage, , New York: Vintage Books; Howe, L.K., (1970) The White Majority: between Poverty and Affluence, , ed., (New York: Vintage Books); Sennett, R., Cobb, J., (1972) The Hidden Injuries of Class, , New York: Vintage Books; Halle, D., (1984) America's Working Man, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Kurz, D., (1995) For Richer, for Poorer, , New York: Routledge; Gerson, K., (1985) Hard Choices, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Bernstein, B., (1973) Class, Codes, and Control, , London: Routledge; Willis, P., (1977) Learning to Labour: How Working-Class Kids Get Working-Class Jobs, , Aldershot, UK: Gower; Portes, A., (1995) The Economic Sociology of Immigration, , ed., (New York: Russell Sage); Sullivan, M., (1989) Getting Paid: Youth Crime and Work in the Inner City, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Anderson, E., (1999) Code of the Street, , New York: Norton; Portes, A., Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology (1998) Annual Review of Sociology, 24, p. 17; Stern, P., Teen sexuality among inner city white youth (1999) America's Disconnected Youth, , Douglas J. Besharov, ed., (Washington, DC: CWLA Press); Gerson, K., (1985) Hard Choices, , Berkeley: University of California Press; (1998) Patrick Connor Interview, , March 9; Howell, J.T., (1973) Hard Living on Clay Street, , Prospect Heights, IL: Wavelength Press},
correspondence_address1={Smallacombe, P.S.; United Way of Bucks CountyUnited States},
publisher={Temple University Press},
isbn={1592133452},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soc. Cap. in The City: Comm. and Civ. Life in Philadelphia},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Libman2006333,
author={Libman, A.},
title={Russia's integration into the world economy: An interjurisdictional competition view},
journal={Economic Liberalization and Integration Policy: Options for Eastern Europe and Russia},
year={2006},
pages={333-348},
doi={10.1007/3-540-31183-1_15},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892251817&doi=10.1007%2f3-540-31183-1_15&partnerID=40&md5=ade7940e4c7e938f488a99cd91a327a0},
affiliation={Center for CIS and Baltic States, Institute for International Economic and Political Studies, Russian Federation},
abstract={Russia's integration into the world economy has been one of the most important topics for political and scientific discussion in Russia and abroad during this decade. The system transformation of the Russian economy and politics determines important changes in Russia's position in the global economic and political system. Of course, the Soviet Union was not a real autarky, closed economy, and even the socialist block remained part of the global economy. In fact, Wallerstein (2001) considered the USSR to be one of the core countries of the economic world system after World War II. However, the creation of market institutions means a new quality with respect to Russian integration into the world economy. First, more companies participate directly or indirectly in global competition. Second, the decisions of Russian actors in the world economy are met decentralized and by every enterprise. That's why there is a broader spectrum of interests of different groups and individuals affecting Russia's position in the world economy, not only that of the bureaucracy and politicians like in the Soviet Union. © Springer Berlin · Heidelberg 2006.},
references={Akhmetova, G., (2002) Corruption in Oil-extracting Countries, , Almaty: Kuldzakhan in Russian; Baer, W., Cavalcanti, T., Silva, P., Economic integration without policy coordination: The case of MERCOSUR (2003) Ordnungsprobleme der Weltwirtschaft, , Schuller A., Thieme J. Eds., Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius; Boone, P., Rodionov, D., (2002) Rent Seeking in Russia and in CIS, , Moscow; Brill Olcott, M., (2003) Kazakhstan: The Unfulfilled Way, , Moscow, Gendalf in Russian; Brockmeier, T.H., (1997) Wettbewerb und Unternehmertum in der Systemtransformation - Das Problem des Institutionellen Interregnums im Prozess des Wandels Von Wirtschaftssystemen, , Stuttgart; (2004) Statistics, , www.cbr.ru; (2003) The Science of Russia, , CSRS Center for Statistics and Research of Science, Moscow in Russian; Dabrowski, M., Gortat, R., Political determinants of economic reforms in former communist countries (2002) Economicheskiy Vestnik, 2 (4). , in Russian; Dezhina, I., Graham, L., (2002) Russian Basic Science After Ten Years of Transition and Foreign Support, , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Working Paper No. 24; Feld, L., Eine empirische Analyse der Auswirkungen des internationalen Steuerwettbewerbs Gutachten Zuhanden der UBS AG; (2003) Economic Freedom of the World, , Fraser Institute, Annual Report; Furman, D., (2003) Political System of the Modern Russia and its Live Cycle, , Svobodnaya Mysl, No. 11 in Russian; Hellman, J., Winners take all: The politics of partial reform in postcommunist transitions (1998) World Politics, 50; Hellmann, J., Jones, G., Kaufmann, D., (2000) Are Foreign Investors and Multinationals Engaged in Corrupt Practices in Transition Economies?, , Transition, May-Juny-July; (2004) Index of Economic Freedom 2004, , Heritage Foundation; (2001) Diagnostics of Russian Corruption: A Sociological Analysis, , Indem Foundation, Moscow; Janeba, E., Schjelderup, G., Tax competition: A review of the theory (2003) Report No. 3 in the Globalisation Project, Commissioned by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Kenyon, D., (1997) Theories of Interjurisdictional Competition., , New England Economic Review, March/April; (2003) Corporate Tax Rate Survey, , KPMG; Krogstrup, S., (2002) What do Theories of Tax Competition Predict for Capital Taxes in EU Countries: A Review of Tax Competition Literature, , HEI Working Paper, No. 05/2002; Krogstrup, S., (2003) Are Capital Taxes Racing to the Bottom in the European Union, , HEI Working Paper, No. 1/2003; Krugman, P., Competitiveness: A dangerous obsession (1994) Foreign Affairs, 73 (2); Leipold, H., Der Zusammenhang zwischen gewachsener und gesetzten Ordnung: Einige Lehren aus den postsozialistischen Reformerfahrungen (1997) Institutionelle Probleme der Systemtransformation, , Cassel, D. Ed.:, Berlin, Duncker & Humblott; Leipold, H., Der Zusammenhang swischen dem Entstehen und dem Wettbewerb von Ordnungen (1997) Dimensionen des Wettbewerbs, , Von Delhaes, K. and U. Fehl Eds., Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius Verlag; Lopashenko, N., (2002) Problems of Capital Flight from Russia and Options for its Recurrence, , Saratov in Russian; Loukashov, D., Arinin, S., Kocheshkova, N., Isahanian, M., (2003) From Private Property to the Market: Equity Market Strategy, , Moscow: FINAM Research in Russian; Mummert, A., Mummert, U., (2000) Institutioneller Wettbewerb in Entwicklungslandern im Institutionellen Wettbewerb, , Max-Planck Institut zur Erforschung von Wirtschaftssystemen Diskussionsbeitrag 03-00; Oleinik, A., Costs and perspectives of russian reforms - An institutional approach Istocki, 3. , Russian; Panther, S., Historisches Erbe der Transformation:., Lateinische" Gewinner - Ortodoxe Verlierer? (1998) Formelle und Informelle Institutionen - Genese, , Wegner G., Wieland J. Eds., Interaktion und Wandel, Marburg, Metropolis; Popow, W., (2002) State, Democracy and Economic Growth, , Moscow, Instiute for Complex Strategic Studies in Russian; Rajan, R., Zingales, L., (2003) Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists: Unleashing the Power of Financial Markets to Create Wealth and Spread Opportunity, , New York: Crown Business; Schenk, M., (2002) Effiziente Steuersysteme und Internationaler Steuerwettbewerb, , Frankfurt/Main, Berlin: Peter Lang; Sonin, K., (2002) Why the Reach May Favor Poor Protection of Propery Rights, , William Davidson Working Paper No. 544; Streit, M., Systemwettbewerb und Harmonisierung im europaischen Integrationsprozess (1996) Entstehung und Wettbewerb Von Systemen, , Cassel D. Ed., Berlin: Duncker & Humblott; (2003) Transparency International Corruption Perception Index, , Transparency International, Press Release, October 7; (2002) Kazakhstan Country Fact Sheet, , UNCTAD; Wallerstein, I., (2001) Analysis of World Systems and Situation in the Modern World, , St.-Petersburg: Letniy Sad Russian Edition; Welfens, P.J.J., (2003) Regionale Integration in der Ordnungs-, AuBenwirtschafts- und Wachstumtheorie, , the Radain Seminar on Institutional Economics; Wilson, J., Theories of tax competition (1999) National Tax Journal, 52; (2003) Corruption Ranking, , http://www.worldaudit.org/corruption.htm; Zodrow, G., Mieszkovski, P., Pigou, tiebout, property taxation and the underprovision of local public goods (1986) Journal of Urban Economics, 19 (3)},
correspondence_address1={Libman, A.; Center for CIS and Baltic States, Russian Federation; email: libman@rambler.ru},
publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
isbn={3540241833; 9783540241836},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Economic Liberalization and Integr. Policy: Options for East. Eur. and Russia},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Danner2006111,
author={Danner, M.J.E.},
title={Borders, belonging and homeland (in)security},
journal={Borders, Mobility and Technologies of Control},
year={2006},
pages={111-122},
doi={10.1007/1-4020-4899-8_6},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885795001&doi=10.1007%2f1-4020-4899-8_6&partnerID=40&md5=9fcffe9a2e8d1dba654e80e134fa175f},
affiliation={Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States},
abstract={Following September 2001, the United States engaged a war on terror that involved significantly tightening immigration procedures and border controls, and loosening legal standards related to surveillance and detention. Politicians and state agents vilified those who questioned the morality or legality of state actions in the war on terror. They argued that unprecedented threats to national security justified severe responses. Globalisation was implicated in the attacks and analysts wondered how global markets would be affected in the aftermath. The United States Government has long embraced neo-liberal economic policies that advocate increasing the role of the market under globalisation and shrinking the state. Yet, the manner in which the United States is fighting terrorism represents a dramatic expansion of the state. The new focus on 'homeland security' camouflages the extensive growth in the last four decades of the state control orientation and apparatus found in the criminal justice system and the military. The 9/11 attacks, and manipulation of attendant fear of the 'other', serve as an opportunity for the state to respond with a control-oriented security strategy with the goal of controlling potentially problematic populations increasingly marginalised in the global economy.},
references={(2003) Freedom Under Fire: Dissent in Post-9/11 America, , American Civil Liberties Union, New York; (2004) Sanctioned Bias: Racial Profiling Since 9/11, , American Civil Liberties Union, New York; (2004) The Surveillance-Industrial Complex: How the American Government Is Conscripting Businesses and Individuals in the Construction of a Surveillance Society, , American Civil Liberties Union, New York; Anderson, S., Cavanagh, J., Klinger, S., Stanton, L., Executive excess 2005: Defense contractors get more bucks for the bang (2005) 12th Annual CEO Compensation Survey, , Institute for Policy Studies and United for a Fair Economy, Washington, DC; Ashcroft, J., (2001) Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee, , 6 December 2001; Beck, A.J., Karberg, J.C., Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2000 (2002) U. S. Department of Justice, , Washington, DC; (2005) Annual Average Unemployment Rate, Civilian Labor Force 16 Years and Over (Percent), , http://www.bls.gov/cps/prev_yrs.htm, Washington, DC; Bush-Baskette, S.R., The war on drugs as a war against Black women (1998) Crime Control and Women: Feminist Implications of Criminal Justice Policy, pp. 113-129. , S. L. Miller, ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA; (2002) Cost Estimate: H. R. 5005 Homeland Security Act of 2002 as Introduced on June 24, 2002, , Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC; (2005) The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2006 to 2015, , Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC; (2005) Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004, , Census U. S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC; Chomsky, N., A quick reaction (2001) Counterpunch, , http://www.counterpunch.org/chomskybomb.html, 12 September 2001; Davis, A., FBI's post-sept.11 'watch list' mutates, acquires life of its own (2002) The Wall Street Journal, pp. A1. , 19 November 2002, A10; Friedman, T.L., (1999) A Manifesto for the Fast World, p. 40. , The New York Times Magazine 28 March 1999; Gerstle, G., The immigrant as threat to American security: A historical perspective (2004) The Maze of Fear: Security and Migration After, 9 (11), pp. 87-108. , J. Tirman, ed., The New Press, New York; Glaze, L.E., Palla, S., (2004) Probation and Parole in the United States, 2003, , U. S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC; Harrison, P.M., Karberg, J.C., Prison and jail inmates at midyear 2003 (2004) U. S. Department of Justice, , Washington, DC; Heller, D., (2005) The Selling of 9/11: How a National Tragedy Became A Commodity, , Palgrave Macmillan, New York; Herbert, B., (2004) America's Abu Ghraibs, pp. A17. , The New York Times 31 May 2004; Higham, S., O'Harrow Jr., R., Contracting rush for security led to waste, abuse (2005) Washington Post, pp. A1. , 22 May 2005; Immarigeon, R., Chesney-Lind, M., (1992) Women's Prisons: Overcrowded and Overused, , National Council on Crime and Delinquency, San Francisco, CA; Kerr, J., Sweetman, C., Women reinventing globalisation (2003) Gender and Development, 11 (1), pp. 3-12; Maguire, K., Pastore, A.L., Flanagan, T.J., Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics (1992) U. S. Department of Justice, , Washington, DC; Marek, A.C., (2005) Security at Any Price? Homeland Protection Isn't Just Job 1 in Washington; It's More Like a Big Old Government ATM, pp. 22-30. , U. S. News & World Report 30 May 2005; Mauer, M., (1990) Young Black Men and the Criminal Justice System: A Growing National Problem, , The Sentencing Project, Washington, DC; The Nation, , The prison boom 20 February 1995; (2002) National Strategy for Homeland Security, , Office of Homeland Security, U. S. Government, Washington, DC; Stephan, J.J., (2004) State Prison Expenditures, 2001, Bureau of Justice Statistics, , Washington, DC; (2003) The U. S. Conference of Mayors Survey on Cities' Direct Homeland Security Cost Increases Related to War/High Threat Alert, , U. S. Conference of Mayors, Washington, DC; (2004) Hunger and Homelessness Survey, , U. S. Conference of Mayors, Washington, DC; (2004) Almost 6.9 Million on Probation Or Parole Or Incarcerated in U. S. Prisons Or Jails, , U. S. Department of Justice, 25 July 2004; (1999) Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific, 1999, , United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations, New York; (1999) Human Development Report 1999: Globalization with a Human Face, , United Nations Development Programme, Oxford University Press, New York; Wichterich, C., (2000) The Globalized Woman: Reports from a Future of Inequality, , P. Camiller, trans., Zed Books, London; Ziedenberg, J., Schiraldi, V., (2002) Cellblocks Or Classrooms?: The Funding of Higher Education and Corrections and its Impact on African American Men, , Justice Policy Institute, Washington, DC},
correspondence_address1={Danner, M.J.E.; Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, , Norfolk, VA, United States},
publisher={Springer Netherlands},
isbn={140204898X; 9781402048982},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Borders, Mobil. and Technol. of Contr.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Moberg200632,
author={Moberg, D.},
title={Economic restructuring: Chicago's precarious balance},
journal={The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis},
year={2006},
pages={32-43},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881922106&partnerID=40&md5=1e693a11651aa6b6636210a2f084c579},
abstract={AFTER SPURRING CITIES across the country into a bidding war for its favors, Boeing Corporation announced, in March 2001, that it was moving its corporate headquarters from its long- Time Seattle home to downtown Chicago. Although $56 million in public subsidies brought only 450 jobs, Chicago political and business leaders celebrated the capture of the nation's leading exporter and iconic global corporation as proof of the city's intrinsic attractions as a world corporate center (McCourt, Leroy, and Mattera 2003; Reed 2003). On the other hand, relatively little fanfare erupted when Brach's Confections Inc. announced two months earlier its plans to shut down the world's largest candy manufacturing plant at the end of 2003. It was easy to see the loss of roughly 1,000 jobs on Chicago's still-poor West Side as an episode in the oft- Told "Rust Belt" story of a fading industrial past giving way to a postindustrial service and knowledge economy. The company's transfer of production to Mexico followed more than half a million other manufacturing jobs that, over the decades since WorldWar II, had largely moved out of the central city to the suburbs, to the South, and to foreign countries (Ginsburg, Jin, and McCann 1994). But what looks like a paradigmatic tale of the emergence of a new Chicago economy is not so clear and simple. After all, both Boeing and Brach's are manufacturing companies. Globally, manufacturing obviously has not died. Neither has it all migrated. At the time Brach's was closing, metropolitan Chicago had the largest number of manufacturing jobs of any U.S. metropolis. Despite other shutdowns, Chicago was still the candy capital of the country, and even without its once-famous stockyards, it was by far the national leader in food processing. Brach's was a local icon, cited by Industry Week (Verespej 1999) as one example of why Chicago was the premier location for manufacturing in theUnited States. But, starting in 1986, Brach'swas subjectedtoawaveof corporatebuyouts and spin-offs that imposed shifting and disastrous marketing strategies. Despite many years of both pressure and assistance (including $10 million from the city), community groups and the workers' union could not persuade the changing cast of owners and managers that they could succeed by improving technology and training workers rather than pursuing cheaper workers (and sugar) across the border (Ginsburg, Jin, and McCann 1994; Langley 2003). Attracting Boeing was a public relations coup, but it also raised troubling questions. If the subsidy wasn't critical, as a key Boeing executive said, what did the outsized enticement say about Chicago's confidence in its own merits? Might the $56 million have been better spent on improving schools, fixing infrastructure, training workers, or enriching cultural life? Ultimately, Boeing generated far fewer ancillary economic benefits than projected in the rosy, never-released analysis justifying the public subsidies. Another Chicago corporate giant, Arthur Andersen, had prepared the analysis not long before that one- Time symbol of Chicago's strength in business services folded in the aftermath of the Enron debacle (McCourt, Leroy, and Mattera 2003; Reed 2003). The city's roster of corporate headquarters remained mixed, despite optimistic projections that Boeing heralded the beginning of a new era. Starting in 1998, Chicago had lost a string of headquarters, such asAmoco,Ameritech, and Inland Steel, mostly to corporate takeovers.1 In January 2004, J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. bought Bank One, depriving Chicago of the headquarters for its largest bank. Also, corporate headquarterswere nearly as likely to be in the suburbs as in the central city (Chicago Tribune 18 May 2003); Economic Focus 2002). Nevertheless, both suburbs and city could take comfort in the dramatic growth of business services, such as architecture, personnel, and consulting firms, which provided specialized assistance to the corporate managers of far-flung empires.2 In one of the nation's fastest-growing employment sectors, with moderately aboveaverage salaries, metropolitan Chicago was either first or second nationally in the number of business service workers, depending on who's counting (World Business Chicago or the Harvard Cluster Mapping Project), and many of those jobs were in the city. Also, despite its lingering Rust-Belt image, metropolitan Chicago had the largest concentration of high- Techworkers of any urban region in the country (and tied withWashington, D.C. for the greatest number of information technology jobs). The city ranked considerably lower in the proportion of allworkers in high- Tech and in the ratio of high- Tech manufacturing to services (whereas cities like San Jose and Seattle ranked at the top), and it laggedonmeasures of innovation and rate of growth (Markusen et al. 2001). But Chicago's history as an electronics and telecommunications center left a legacy of companies, research institutions, and skilled workers that could be a foundation for growth. The wired world, analysts like Saskia Sassen have argued, does not eliminate the need for personal contacts among the decision-makers, professional advisors, and technical elite of the business world. Consequently, certain key cities-especially in their traditional cores- were likely to be centers of corporate control for the global economy (Sassen 1991). Yet, just as cities like Chicago were gearing up to compete for global-city status, growing indications hinted that many highly skilled, business professional jobs-computer programmers, software engineers, architects, securities analysts, and others-could be outsourced to India, China, and other lower-wage locations, as were the manufacturing jobs before them (Engardio, Bernstein, and Kripalani 2003). Copyright © 2006 by Temple University.},
references={Marker, G.D., World Business Chicago, , Director of Research; Harvard Business School Professor Michael Porter's Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness Cluster Mapping Project, , http://data.isc.hbs.edu},
correspondence_address1={Moberg, D.},
publisher={Temple University Press},
isbn={1592130879; 9781592130870},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The New Chic.: A Soc. and Cultur. Anal.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Koval200697,
author={Koval, J.P. and Fidel, K.},
title={Chicago: The immigrant capital of the heartland},
journal={The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis},
year={2006},
pages={97-104},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42649136660&partnerID=40&md5=27e7f2416896012dcc7728a6efd4c011},
affiliation={De- Paul's Egan Urban Center, DePaul University, United States; Institute for Latino Studies, University of Notre Dame, United States; Washington University, United States},
abstract={WHEN OSCAR HANDLIN (1951) wrote, "Once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants were American history," he could just as easily have been talking about Chicago then as now. One hundred and fifty years ago, approximately half of Chicago's population was foreign-born. Then, the Alien Immigration Acts of the 1920s, the Great Depression, and two world wars dramatically reduced the flow, and the proportion of the city's foreign-born population declined to a low of 11 percent by the 1970s. Nearly 40 years have passed since the Kennedy-inspired Immigration Reform Act of 1965 changed the rules for legal immigration to this country, effectively doing away with the restrictive national quotas established during the 1920s. Since then, an unprecedented number of immigrants have come to the United States. During the 1990s alone, the known immigrant in-flow to the United States averaged nearly 978,000 per year, with little evidence of abatement (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2003, 11). Most recent immigrants have settled in a relatively few large urban centers, one of which is Chicago. This new "Great Migration" differs from previous in-migrations in that the migrants are now predominantly from Latin American and Asia, and they are more diverse in terms of their race, ethnicity, religion, and human capital than were previous waves of immigrants. As a result, the Chicago of today has a global population that matches its global economy. Today, the city and region are also greatly different from what they had been 100 years ago. Third-waveimmigrants arriving in Chicago between 1880 and 1914 (Martin and Midgley 2003, 13) came primarily from central, eastern, and southern Europe. The largest group, numbering approximately 800,000 persons, came from Poland, with smaller but significant numbers from countries such as Italy, Russia, the Ukraine, Greece, Slovakia, Hungary, Bohemia, Serbia,Croatia,Romania, and the OttomanEmpire. At the time, those regions of Europe and theMiddle Eastwere considered backward parts of theworld, and indeed, these immigrantswere primarily of rural and small town origins, and most had little or no education and few skills. For the most part, these immigrantswere Christians, with the greatest number Roman Catholic and the remaining belonging to various Orthodox denominations. A large number of Jews also added to the mix of immigrants. Copyright © 2006 by Temple University.},
correspondence_address1={De- Paul's Egan Urban Center, United States},
publisher={Temple University Press},
isbn={1592130879; 9781592130870},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The New Chic.: A Soc. and Cultur. Anal.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{PhisterJr.2006,
author={Phister Jr., P.W. and Cherry, J.D.},
title={Command and control concepts within the network-centric operations construct},
journal={IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings},
year={2006},
volume={2006},
art_number={1656040},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference ; Conference Date: 4 March 2006 Through 11 March 2006;  Conference Code:69441},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34047169438&partnerID=40&md5=6fd088939c5a55c22a451f2b8c2ce3bb},
affiliation={AF Research Laboratory/Information Directorate, Rome, NY 13441-4451, United States; AF Research Laboratory/Plans and Programs, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, United States},
abstract={As America and her Allies enter the 21st Century's Information Age; military operations are being transformed to address the new threats facing the global economy, such as Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) and Joint Urban Operations (JUO). At the heart of this transformation is a new theory of warfare, called Network Centric Warfare (NCW). This new theory can be subdivided into two main sections, infrastructure and operations. Network Centric Infrastructure (NCI) is comprised of all the networks, communications and information management applications required to "assure delivery" of data/information to the "right place at the right time in the right format". Network Centric Operations (NCO) is the series of processes and applications required by the Commander and staff in order to conduct military operations at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. To fully utilize NCO, the NCI must consist of a robust, adaptable series of services to ensure rapid dependable data/information flow from source to destination. This paper first provides an overview of NCW and its two basic sub-divisions, NCO and NCI. For NCW to be effective, it must be deeply rooted in operational art. Simply applying new technologies to the current platforms, organizations, and doctrine is not enough to fully realize NCW's potential in conducting military operations. To explore this premise, this paper discusses some of the challenges in transforming NCW into a real operational capability within the command and control (C2) environment, utilizing today's offensive and defensive information operations capability. Discussion of C2 applications such as Predictive Battlespace Awareness, Cyber Operations, and a concept called the Situational Awareness Infosphere is presented and how they apply to NCW. Lastly, a detailed example of how the situational awareness infosphere can be applied to space and how it is affected by NCW will be presented along with a corresponding list of technology challenges.1,2.},
keywords={Global War on Terrorism (GWOT);  Joint Urban Operations (JUO);  Network Centric Warfare (NCW);  Situational awareness, Information analysis;  Information management;  Military operations, Command and control systems},
references={Alberts, D.S., Garstka, J.J., Hayes, R.E., Signori, D.T., Understanding Information Age Warfare, Washington, DC: Command and Control Research Program Publication Series, 2001, page 35, 77, 137 http://www/dodccrp.org; Alberts, D.S., Garstka, J.J., Stein, F.P., Network Centric Warfare: Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority, Command and Control Research Program Publication Series, 1999, page 94 http://www.dodccrp.org; Alberts, D.S., Hayes, R.E., Power to the Edge, Command and Control Research Program Publication Series, 2003 http://www.dodccrp.org; The Big Issue: Command and Combat in the Information Age: Strategic and Combat Studies Institute, CCRP Information Age Transformation Series, Edited by David Potts, 2003, page 78; SAB-TR-02-01, United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, Summer Study on Predictive Battlespace Awareness to Improve Military Effectiveness, 2, August 2002; Endsley, M.R., Theoretical Underpinnings of Situational Awareness: A Critical Review, 2000 http://www.satechnologies.com; Endsley, M.R., Holder, L.D., Leibrecht, B.C., Garland, D.J., Wampler, R.L., Matthews, M.D., (1999) Modeling and Measuring Situation Awareness in the Infantry Operational Environment, , Army Research Publication, Oct; SAI concept derived from an AFRL sponsored Space Capability Protection Study conducted during the period Nov 2001 to Jun 2002},
correspondence_address1={Phister Jr., P.W.; AF Research Laboratory/Information Directorate, Rome, NY 13441-4451, United States; email: Paul.phister@rl.af.mil},
address={Big Sky, MT},
issn={1095323X},
isbn={0780395468; 9780780395466},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Aerosp. Conf. Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ripton2006101,
author={Ripton, J.},
title={Export agriculture and agrarian crisis: Salvadoran peasants and the global market},
journal={Latin American Perspectives},
year={2006},
volume={33},
number={6},
pages={101-135},
doi={10.1177/0094582X06294114},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750997017&doi=10.1177%2f0094582X06294114&partnerID=40&md5=bb528f5ca76bd18222ee5d51a7338795},
affiliation={Latino and Hispanic Caribbean Studies Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Gill St. Bernard's School, Gladstone, NJ, United States},
abstract={Integration of El Salvador's agrarian resources into the global economy has contributed to periodic agrarian crises, including the 1932 massacre of 10,000 peasants and the civil war of the 1980s, in which 75,000 perished. The formation of the state, the emergence of an oligarchy, the role of the military, and the poverty of the peasants are shaped by commercial agricultural production for the global market. Recent neoliberal and "free-trade" policies are a neglected part of this history. Whereas coffee exports dominated the Salvadoran economy throughout much of the twentieth century, emigration of rural people is now the nation's main export, and there are significant problems with remittances as a development strategy. Liberal theory generally fails to recognize that integrating resources of a poor country into the global economy is as much a political project as it is an economic one. © 2006 Latin American Perspectives.},
author_keywords={Agrarian crisis;  El Salvador;  Global economy;  Peasants;  Remittances},
keywords={agrarian reform;  agricultural trade;  development strategy;  global economy;  neoliberalism;  peasant agriculture;  political change;  state building, Central America;  El Salvador [Central America]},
references={Anderson, T., (1971) Matanza: El Salvador's Communist Revolt of 1932, , Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; Andrade Eekhoff, K., "The untapped riches of remittances?" (2005) NACLA Report on the Americas, , January/February; "A la Asamblea Legislativa sobre la sindicalización campesina" (1971) Prensa Gráfica, , Asociación de Ganaderos de El Salvador June 16; Bailey, J., (1850) Central America: Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica: Their Natural Features, Products, Population, and Remarkable Capacity for Colonization, , London: Trelawney Saunders; Biekart, K., "The double defeat of the revolutionary left in Central America" (2001) Miraculous Metamorphoses: The Neoliberalization of Latin American Populism, pp. 181-200. , in J. Demmers, (ed.) London: Zed Books; Browning, D., (1971) El Salvador: Landscape and Society, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Bulmer-Thomas, V., (1987) The Political Economy of Central America Since 1920, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; "Outrage in El Salvador after Assembly ratifies CAFTA" (2004), http://www.cispes.org, CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Association); Cardoso, C.F.S., Brignoli, H.P., (1983) Centroamerica Y La Economia Occidental (1520-1930), , San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica; Colindres, E., (1977) Fundamentos Económicos De La Burguesía Salvadoreña, , San Salvador: UCA Editores; Conning, J., Olinto, P., Trigueros, A., (2001) Managing Economic Insecurity in El Salvador: The Role of Asset Ownership and Labor Market Adjustments, , Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development; Duke, C., (1886) Despatches from United States Consuls in San Salvador, El Salvador, 1868-1906, , Washington, DC: National Archives; Cortés y Larras, P., (1958) Descripción Geográfico-moral De La Dioceses De Goathemala, , Guatemala: Sociedad de Geográfica e Historia de Guatemala; Dalton, R., (1982) Miguel Marmol, , Willimantic, CN: Curbstone Press; Dellios, H., "El Salvador lags despite trade winds: Economic woes put Central America's nearing pact in doubt" (2005) Chicago Tribune, , March 24; Durham, W., (1979) Scarcity and Survival in Central America: The Ecological Origins of the Soccer War, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Flores Macal, F., (1983) Origen, Desarrollo Y Crisis De Las Formas De Dominación En El Salvador, , San José: SECASA; Grieb, K.J., "The U.S. and the rise of General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez" (1971) Journal of Latin American Studies, 3, pp. 151-172; Guido Béjar, R., "Crisis y renovación en la izquierda salvadoreña" (1994) Espacios, 2, pp. 24-32; Gutiérrez y Ulloa, A., Estado general de la provincia de San Salvador, Reyno de Guatemala (año de 1807) (1962), San Salvador: Dirección de Publicaciones; Hufstader, C., "Rural development expert critical of free trade proposals" (2005) Oxfam America, , http://www.oxfamamerica.org/newsandpublications/news_updates/archive2003/ art6524.html; (1980) Economic and Social Progress in Latin America, 1979 Report, , IADB (Inter-American Development Bank) Washington, DC; James, P.E., (1964) Latin America, , London; LaFeber, W., (1984) Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America, , New York: W. W. Norton; Larde y Larín, J., (1957) El Salvador: Historia De Sus Pueblos, Villas Y Ciudades, , San Salvador: Departamento Editorial; Lauria-Santiago, A.A., (1999) An Agrarian Republic: Commercial Agriculture and the Politics of Peasant Communities in El Salvador, 1823-1914, , Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; Lernoux, P., (1980) Cry of the People, , Garden City: Doubleday; Lindo-Fuentes, H., (1990) Weak Foundations: The Economy of El Salvador in the Nineteenth Century, , Berkeley: University of California Press; López, L., (1858) Estadística General De La República Del Salvador, , San Salvador: Imprenta del Gobierno; MacLeod, M.J., (1973) Spanish Central America: A Socioeconomic History, 1520-1720, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Marshall, C., "Combatting El Salvador's gangs" (2004), http://www.news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3553529.htm, British Broadcasting Corporation; Martínez, M., "The remittance lifeline" (2004), M.A. thesis, Florida International University; Mayorga Quiros, R., "Crítica de las ideologías económico-sociales en la campaña presidencial de El Salvador" (1972) Estudios Centroamericanos, 27, pp. 71-100; Menendez, I., (1855) Recopilación De Las Leyes De El Salvador En Centro-America, 1. , Guatemala: Imprenta de La Luna; Menjivar, R., (1980) Acumulación Originaria Y Desarrollo Del Capitalismo En El Salvador, , Costa Rica: Editorial Universitaria Centroamericana; Miyares, I.M., "The interrupted circle: Truncated transnationalism and the Salvadoran experience" (2003) Journal of Latin American Geography, 2 (1), pp. 74-86; Montgomery, T.S., (1982) Revolution in El Salvador: Origins and Evolution, , Boulder: Westview Press; Montgomery, T.S., (1995) Revolution in El Salvador: From Civil Strife to Civil Peace, , Boulder: Westview Press; Mulhall, M.G., (1883) The Dictionary of Statistics, , London: George Routledge and Sons; (2005) Sending Money Fund: Remittances As a Development Tool in Latin America and the Caribbean, , MIF (Multilateral Investment Fund) Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank; Nairn, A., "Behind the death squads" (1984) The Progressive, pp. 20-29. , May; Otis, F.N., (1861) Illustrated History of the Panama Railroad, , New York: Harper; Pérez Sainz, J.P., "Labour market transformations in Latin America during the 90s: Some analytical remarks" (2000) Social Science Research Council Conference, , Paper prepared for the "Latin American Labor a Decade after Reform," San José; Popkin, E., "Transnational migration and development in postwar peripheral states: An examination of Guatemalan and Salvadoran state linkages with their migrant populations in Los Angeles" (2003) Current Sociology, 51, pp. 347-374; Ratha, D., "Workers' remittances: An important and stable source of external development finance" (2003) Global Development Finance 2003, , in Washington, DC: World Bank; Replogle, J., "Hunger on the rise in Central America" (2004) The Lancet, 363, pp. 2056-2057; (1860) Código Civil De La República De El Salvador En Centro-America, , República de El Salvador New York: Imprenta de Eduardo O. Jenkins; Ripton, J., "Voices from the violence: Autobiographical accounts of Salvadorans in the United States" MS; Robinson, W.I., "The new right and the end of national liberation" (2004) NACLA Report on the Americas, 37, pp. 15-20; Rodríguez, J.M., (1824) Seminario Político Mercantil De San Salvador, , San Salvador; Rubio Sánchez, M., (1976) Historia Del Añil or Xiquilite En Centro America, , San Salvador: Ministerio de Educación; Taylor, J.E., "Microeconomics of globalization: Evidence from Mexico, China, El Salvador, and the Galapagos Islands" (2001) Report to the Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office of the World Bank, , in Washington, DC: World Bank; (2000) The Essential E. P. Thompson, , New York: New Press; Torres, A., (1961) Tierras Y Colonización (El Salvador), , San Salvador: Instituto de Estudios Económicos, Universidad de El Salvador; (2000) Background Notes: El Salvador, , U.S. Department of State Washington, DC; Webre, S., (1979) Jose Napoleon Duarte and the Christian Democratic Party in Salvadoran Politics, 1960-1972, , Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; White, A., (1973) El Salvador, , New York: Praeger; Williams, R.G., (1986) Export Agriculture and the Crisis in Central America, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Wilson, E.A., "The crisis of national integration in El Salvador" (1968), Ph.D. diss., Stanford University; "World Bank assistance strategy projects US$485 to El Salvador over four years" (2005) El Salvador Country Assistance Strategy, , World Bank Group in Washington, DC; Wortman, M., (1982) Government and Society in Central America, 1689-1840, , New York: Columbia University Press},
correspondence_address1={Ripton, J.; Latino and Hispanic Caribbean Studies Department, , New Brunswick, NJ, United States},
issn={0094582X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lat. Am. Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Williams20061074,
author={Williams, P.A.},
title={Projections for the geopolitical economy of oil after war in Iraq},
journal={Futures},
year={2006},
volume={38},
number={9},
pages={1074-1088},
doi={10.1016/j.futures.2006.02.012},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33747791674&doi=10.1016%2fj.futures.2006.02.012&partnerID=40&md5=ca2780622a9708a5b8cec67983b8e68f},
affiliation={Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey},
abstract={How are events surrounding the latest Iraq war shaping the future global political economy of oil? The saliency of Iraq's oil resources suggests a trend towards intensified great-power competition to dominate energy-rich provinces and transportation corridors. Yet, the nature of the oil trade, Iraq's insurrection, and Sino-American economic interdependence indicate barriers to unilateral attempts to control energy supplies. Based on examination of the Iraq conflict's unintended stimulus to terrorism and to China's search for foreign oil supplies, this paper assesses three possible scenarios: 'multiple energy insecurity' (great-power competition and violent non-state reaction); 'mutual energy securitisation' (inter-state collusion against non-state resource claimants); and 'multiple energy security' (great-power curtailment of geographically expansive energy consumption). It finds that the increasing problems associated with the first two alternatives are inducing decision-makers to contemplate policy options consistent with the third scenario. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords={future prospect;  geopolitics;  global economy;  oil supply;  oil trade;  political economy, Asia;  Eurasia;  Iraq;  Middle East},
references={Rutledge, I., (2005) Addicted to oil: America's relentless drive for energy security, , I.B. Tauris, London; Klare, M.T., (2004) Blood and oil: the dangers and consequences of America's growing dependency on imported petroleum, , Metropolitan Books, New York; Orme, J., The utility of force in a world of scarcity International Security, 22 (3), pp. 138-167; Peters, S., Coercive western energy security strategies: "Resource wars" as a new threat to global security (2004) Geopolitics, 9 (1), pp. 187-212; Gray, C., The continued primacy of geography (1996) Orbis, 40 (2), pp. 247-259; Klare, M., The new geopolitics (2003) The Monthly Review, 55 (3), pp. 51-56; Nye, J., (2002) The paradox of American power: why the world's only superpower can't go it alone, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Waltz, K., (1959) Man, the state and war: a theoretical analysis, , Columbia University Press, New York; Mitchell, J., (2000) The new economy of oil: impacts on business, geopolitics and society, , Earthscan Publications, London; Maugeri, L., Not in oil's name (2003) Foreign Affairs, 82 (4), pp. 165-174; Smil, V., (2003) Energy at the crossroads: global perspectives and uncertainties, , The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Posen, B., Command of the commons: the military foundations of US hegemony (2003) International Security, 28 (1), pp. 5-46; Luft, G., Korin, A., Terrorism goes to sea (2004) Foreign Affairs, 83 (6), pp. 61-71; Xu, X., China and the Middle East: cross-investment in the energy sector (2000) Middle East Policy, 7 (3), pp. 122-135; Zweig, D., Jianhai, B., China's global hunt for energy (2005) Foreign Affairs, 84 (5), pp. 25-38; Andrew, M., Beijing's growing security dilemma in Xinjiang (2005) China Brief, 5 (13). , http://www.jamestown.org/images/pdf/cb_005_013.pdf; Niazi, T., Gwadar: China's naval outpost on the Indian Ocean (2005) China Brief, 5 (4). , http://www.jamestown.org/images/pdf/cb_005_004.pdf; Fettweis, C., Revisiting MacKinder and Angell: the obsolescence of great power politics (2003) Comparative Strategy, 22, pp. 109-129; Levey, D., Brown, S.S., The overstretch myth (2005) Foreign Affairs, 84 (2), pp. 2-7; Mao, Y., Beijing's two-pronged Iraq policy (2005) China Brief, 5 (12). , http://www.jamestown.org/images/pdf/cb_005_012.pdf; Buzan, B., Waever, O., de Wilde, J., (1998) Security: a new framework for analysis, , Lynne Rienner, Boulder and London; Sheffield, J., Future world energy needs and resources (2002) Science, policy, and the pursuit of sustainability, , Bent R., Orr L., and Baker R. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, DC; },
correspondence_address1={Williams, P.A.; Department of International Relations, , Ankara, Turkey; email: paulw@bilkent.edu.tr},
issn={00163287},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Futures},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tambwe2006193,
author={Tambwe, N.},
title={Urban agriculture as a global economic activity with special reference to the city of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)},
journal={African and Asian Studies},
year={2006},
volume={5},
number={2},
pages={193-213},
doi={10.1163/156920906777906772},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33747149900&doi=10.1163%2f156920906777906772&partnerID=40&md5=c116d0c848f778eac5704d6cfaed8236},
affiliation={University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University), Johannesburg, South Africa},
abstract={According to the UNDP (1996), about 800 million people are involved in urban food production with 200 million doing so for commercial reasons. Considering its rapid expansion all over the world, especially in African countries, urban agriculture is mostly regarded as a survival strategy. The attempt in this paper is to answer the following question: are people pushed into urban farming because they have no choice or are they engaged in urban agriculture because they know they can make a good living out of it? The article identifies several factors that force urban dwellers to resort to agricultural activities, as well as those that attract them for nutritional, financial and social reasons. These factors include, structural adjustment programs, decline in world prices of the primary commodities, economic crisis, low wage or salary, unemployment, rapid population growth, war, poverty, etc., which have led urban people to cultivate or raise animals or livestock. At the same time, urban agriculture has been proven as source of food, income and employment. The study is based on documentary sources, including books, articles, magazines, the Internet and the online publications. It also relies on primary sources from semi-structural interviews conducted in the city of Lubumbashi from November 2004 to March 2005. © Koninklijke Brill NV 2006.},
keywords={economic activity;  employment;  food production;  global economy;  income;  structural adjustment;  urban agriculture, Africa;  Central Africa;  Democratic Republic Congo;  Katanga;  Lubumbashi;  Sub-Saharan Africa, Animalia},
references={(1996) Urban Agriculture. Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities, , ANON United Nations Development Program, New York; Bruneau, J.-C., Bukome, I., "La Répartition Spatiale des Petites et Moyennes Activités Economiques à Lubumbashi. Premier Inventaire et Essai d'Analyse des Fréquences de Localization" (1987) Bulletin De La Société Géographique De Liège, 22-23, pp. 79-97; Bryceson, D., (1991) Trade-offs on Trade: Tanzanian Food Marketing in World Recession, Provisional Draft, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; "Background on Urban Agriculture" (2005) Urban Agriculture Notes, , http://www.cityfarmer.org/westpacificUA.html, CITY FARMER, CANADA's OFFICE of URBAN AGRICULTURE Online Accessed in May 2005; Craaff, J., (2003) Poverty and Development, , Cape Town: Oxford University of Southern Africa Press; Crepin, X., "Beaux Quartiers et Bidonvilles" (1993) Afrique Contemporaine, pp. 69-81; De Beer, F., Swanepoel, H., (1996) Introduction to Development Studies, , London: Oxford University Press; De Lattre, A., "Préface" (1994) Pour Préparer L'Avenir De L'Afrique De L'Ouest: Une Vision À L'horison 2000, , In Snrech, S., De Lattre, A. Paris: Editions Karthala; Dibwe Dia Mwembu, D., "Mémoire Congolaise. Objectivation du Vécu de Jeunes Katangais" (1998) Les Jeunes À L'ère De La Mondialisation. Quête Identitaire Et Conscience Historique, pp. 219-239. , In publié sous la direction de Bogumil Jewsiewicki et Jocelyn Létourneau Silley: Editions du Septentrion; Drescher, A.W., Urban agriculture in the Seasonal Tropics of Central Southern Africa (1994) A Case Study of Lusaka, Zambia, , Freigurg, Institut fur Physische Geographie; Egziabher, G.A., "Urban Farming, Cooperatives, and the Urban Poor in Addis Ababa" (1994) Cities Feeding People. An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, , In Ottawa: International Research Centre; Farinet, J.-L., Niang, S., "Le Recyclage des Déchets et Effluents dans l'Agriculture Urbaine" (2004) Développement Durable De L'Agriculture Urbaine En Afrique Francophone. Enjeux, Concepts Et Méthodes, , In Ottawa: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement International; Freedman, B.D., (1991) A City of Farmers. Informal Urban Agriculture, , Montreal: Mc Gill-Queens University Press; Employment, Incomes and Equality: A Strategy for Increasing Productive Employment in Kenya (1972), ILO International Labour Organization, Geneva; Hovorka, A.J., "Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Botswana: (Re)Shaping Urban Agriculture Discourse" (2004) Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 22 (3). , In:; Jacobi, P., Amend, J., Kiango, S., "Urban Agriculture in Dar es Salaam: Providing an Indispensable Part of the Diet" (2000) Growing Cities, Growing Food: Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda, a Reader on Urban Agriculture, pp. 257-283. , In Feldafing: Des-Etc; Lee-Smith, D., Memon, A.P., Urban Agriculture in Kenya (1994) Cities Feeding People. An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, , In: Ottawa: International Development Research Centre; Lingam, L., "Structural Adjustment, Gender and Household Survival Strategies: Review of Evidences and Concerns" (2005), http://www.cew.umich.edu, Online Accessed in January 2006; MacGaffey, J., (1991) The Real Economy of Zaire. The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth, , Philadelphia: University of Pensylvania Press; Madaleno, I.M., (2002) "Cities of the Future: Urban Agriculture in the Third Millennium", , http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y1931M/y1931/m03.html#PO_0, Online Accessed in May 2005; Maliyamkono, T.L., Bagachwa, M.S.D., (1989) The Second Economy in Tanzania, , London: Currey; Maxwell, G.D., (1993) Bon Sens Paysan À Kampala, , Ottawa: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement International Explore; Mbiba, B., (1995) Urban Agriculture in Zimbabwe: Implications for Urban Management and Poverty, , Harare: Avebury Ashgate Publishing limited; McGee, T.G., The Emergence of Dasakota Regions in Asia: Expending a Hypothesis (1991) The Extended Metropolis Settlement Transition in Asia, , In Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press; Mougeot, L.J.A., African City Farming from a World Perspective (1994) Cities Feeding People. An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, , In: Ottawa: International Development Research Centre; Mougeot, L.J.A., "Urban Agriculture: Definition, Presence, Potential and Risks" (2000) Growing Cities, Growing Food: Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda, a Reader on Urban Agriculture, , In Feldafing: Des-Etc; Moustier, P., "Définition et Contours de l'Agriculture Périurbaine en Afrique sub-Saharienne" (1998) Agriculture Périurbaine En Afrique Sub-Saharienne, , In Actes de l'Atelier International du 20 au 24 Avril 1998, Montpellier; Moustier, P., David, O., (1997) Etudes De Cas De La Dynamique Du Maraichage Périurbain En Afrique Sub-Saharienne, , Document FAON-DT/02/96, Projet: Approvisionnement et Distribution Alimentaire des villes d'Afrique francophone, Rome, FAO; Moustier, P., Fall, A.S., "Les Dynamiques de l'Agriculture Urbaine: Caractérisation, Evolution" (2004) Développement Durable De L'Agriculture Urbaine En Afrique Francophone, , In Enjeux, Concepts et Méthodes. Ottawa: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement International; Obudho, R., Faeken, D., (1999) Urban Agriculture in Africa: Bibliographical Survey, , Leiden: African Studies Centre; Pelissier, P., "Allocution d'Ouverture" (2000) Les Interactions Rural-Urbaines, , In Dakar: University Cheik Antadiop Press; Peter, G., (2003) Urban Agriculture in Manzini, Swaziland, , Thesis (MA), Johannesburg, University of the Witwatersrand; Petit, P., (2001) Lubumbashi: La Situation Des Ménages Dans Une Economie De Précarité. Rapport Des Recherches Effectuées Durant La Premiére Session De Travaux De L'Observatoire, , (Ed.) Juin-Octobre 2000. Observatoire du changement urbain, Lubumbashi; Petit, P., (2004) Byakula. Approche Socio-Anthropologique De L'Alimentation À Lubumbashi, , (Ed.) Observatoire du Changement Urbain. Bruxelles: Academie Royale des Sciences d'OutreMer; Sawio, J.C., "Who Are The Farmers of Dar es Salaam?" (1994) Cities Feeding People: An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, , In Ottawa: International Development Research Centre; Seddon, D., Walton, J., (1994) Free Markets and Food Riots: The Politics of Global Adjustment, , Cambridge, Mass: Backwell; Sen, A.K., (1981) Poverty and Famine, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Smith, B.O., "Overview of Urban Agriculture and Food Security in West African Cities" (2002) Advanced in Crop-livestock Integration in West African Cities, , In Ottawa: International Development Research Centre; Smith, B.O., Moustier, P., Mougeot, J.A., Luc, Fall, A., (2004) Développement Durable De L'Agriculture Urbaine En Afrique Francophone. Enjeux, Concepts Et Méthodes, , Ottawa: Centre de Recherche pour le Développement International; Tinker, I., "Urban Agriculture is Already Feeding Cities" (1994) Cities Feeding People: An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, , In Ottawa: International Development Research Centre; (1996) Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities, , UNDP United Nations Development Program, Publication series for Habitat II, Volume One. UNDP, New York; Van de Walle, N., (2001) African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979-1999, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Webb, L.N., (1996) Urban Agriculture: Advocacy and Practice. A Discursive Study With Particular Reference to Three Eastern Cape Centres, , PhD Thesis, Rhodes University; Webster, A., (1990) Introduction to the Sociology of Development, , second edition, London: Macmillan Press; (1998), http://www.afrodad.org/index, WORLD BANK Report Online Accessed in February 2006; (1987) Our Common Future, , WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; Yeung, Y.-M., "Examples of Urban Agriculture in Asia" (1987) Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 9 (2), pp. 14-23},
correspondence_address1={Tambwe, N.; University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University), Johannesburg, South Africa; email: nyumbaiza@hotmail.com},
issn={15692094},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lauerman200618,
author={Lauerman, V.},
title={Implications of a new Cold War on the world energy market},
journal={Geopolitics of Energy},
year={2006},
volume={28},
number={4-5},
pages={18-26},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745752294&partnerID=40&md5=e517b6bdc9525b1ba5d28c5babbf6d9c},
affiliation={Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI), Calgary, Alta., Canada},
abstract={Sino-US relations have become increasingly contentious over the past year. In this article, Vincent Lauerman discusses the rationale for a new Cold War, explains why one may occur in the near future, and provides evidence for and against this scenario. Although he concludes the jury is still out, Mr. Lauerman examines the potential implications of another Cold War on the world energy market in general, and the energy security of China and the US in particular.},
keywords={economic impact;  energy market;  global economy;  national security;  war, Asia;  China;  Eurasia;  Far East;  North America;  United States},
correspondence_address1={Lauerman, V.; Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI), Calgary, Alta., Canada},
issn={02731371},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geopolitics Energy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Riphenburg2006507,
author={Riphenburg, C.J.},
title={Afghanistan: Out of the globalisation mainstream?},
journal={Third World Quarterly},
year={2006},
volume={27},
number={3},
pages={507-524},
doi={10.1080/01436590600587820},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645561166&doi=10.1080%2f01436590600587820&partnerID=40&md5=5a51a501164a9a720e2d2c4537409b37},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, College of DuPage, 425 Fawell Bouleward, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-6599, United States},
abstract={One of the poorest countries in the world, the people of Afghanistan gained a chance for peace with the collapse of the Taliban. Whether the country can find its way forward from a precarious position to a democratic and peaceful future will depend on how it responds to the challenge of globalization and constructs a viable economic system. The rate of economic growth and integration into the world capitalist economy for developing countries depends primarily upon any given country's political capacities. Afghanistan ranks low on all three indicators of political capacity: Extractive capability, institutional credibility, and transparency. Globalization is a multifaceted process. In its ability to compete in the global economy, Afghanistan is beginning the contest in arrears with little political capacity and experience in capitalist, market-based economics. Often buffeted historically by external forces and actors, two global wars are intersecting in the country today: Those of narcotics and terrorism. © 2006 Third World Quarterly.},
keywords={economic development;  globalization, Afghanistan;  Asia;  Eurasia;  South Asia},
references={Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., (2001) Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East, p. 63. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Economic growth and development are by and large considered to be sought-after processes; and the terms are often used interchangeably in demonstrating economic progress. However, growth and development are actually two vastly different occurrences. Whereas growth describes an increase in volume or output, development is generally understood to mean human development and concerns issues of distribution. Development is a broad concept that is measured by composite indices such as the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) and the Human Development Index (HDI). A measure providing a different perspective on poverty is the Gender Adjusted Development Index (GDI); Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., Globalization and the Politics of Development, pp. 75-83; (2004) Afghanistan: State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty: A Country Economic Report, p. 5. , World Bank, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit: South Asia Region, Report No 29551-AF, Washington, DC: World Bank Reliable statistics are hard to come by. Notice the higher estimate for opium farming as a percentage of GDP in the following paragraph by the IMF. Analysis of the Afghan economy is hindered by severe data limitations; (2005) Country Report: Afghanistan, pp. 17-18. , Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) London: EIU; (2004) Country Profile: Afghanistan, pp. 28-29. , EIU, London: EIU; Rubin, B.R., Hamidzada, H., Stoddard, A., (2005) Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond: Prospects for Improved Stability Reference Document, p. 43. , The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael; Fujimura, M., (2004) Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Afghan Economy, p. 30. , Tokyo: Asian Development Bank; Fujimura, M., (2004) Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Afghan Economy, p. 75. , Tokyo: Asian Development Bank; Cameron-Moore, S., (2005) Even in Afghanistan Taxes Are As Sure As Dealth, , Reuters, Kabul, 3 May; (2004) Financial Report: 4th Quarter 1380-2nd Quarter 1383, p. 10. , Ministry of Finance (21 January 2002 - 20 September) at www.af/reports/financialreports/index.htm. The Afghan government expects to raise $333 million in tax revenue in 2005, less than the amount targeted by the city of Columbus, OH, with a population of about 745 000; Clark, S., (2005) Karzai's Afghanistan, Poisoned By Heroin Habit, Seeks Investors, , 21 March at Bloomberg.com; Financial Report, p. 4. , The national budget relies largely on external assistance provided by donors. The Ministry of Finance created the concepts of a core budget, the portion of the national budget that is controlled by the government, and an external budget, the portion of the budget that flows outside of government accounts, to better explain the flow of resources to Afghanistan. See Ministry of Finance; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan, , Since the US-led invasion, Afghanistan has depended on donor aid for survival. In March 2004 the USA, Japan, German, the UK and other countries pledged $8.2 billion over three years to Afghanistan. Karzai had asked for $27.5 billion over seven years; A new currency was intended to eliminate the problem of regional currencies: in northern Afghanistan, General Abdul Rashid Dostum and a former president, Burhanuddin Rabbani, printed their own version of the afghani. DAB would announce that the northern notes could also be traded in for the new notes; Carlin, A., (2003) Rush to Reengagement in Afghanistan: The IFIs' Post-Conflict Agenda: With a Special Focus on the National Solidarity Program, pp. iv. , Washington, DC: Bank Information Center (BIC); Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction, pp. 77-79; Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., Globalization and the Politics of Development, pp. 78-79; Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction, p. 121. , As a result of more than two decades of war and conflict, Afghanistan's entire statistical system had broken down and the administrative reporting system had come to a halt. Today the statistical services are beginning to improve; but there are no effective statistical offices in key ministries. The Central Statistical Office (CSO), composed of nine departments and about 700 people in total, is poorly trained, with most lacking the necessary qualifications and experience; Hawala is an informal money transfer system. In the most basic type of hawala system money is transferred via a network of hawala brokers, or hawaladars. A customer approaches a hawala broker in one city and gives a sum of money to be transferred to a recipient in another, usually distant, city; Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction, pp. 79-80; Rubin, B.R., Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond, p. 15. , The Bonn Agreement required the interim administration to establish a central bank to release currency in a transparent and accountable fashion. The Afghan government successfully carried out this major reform in less than a year (p 44); Country Report: Afghanistan, p. 17. , EIU; Afghanistan: State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty, p. 44. , 'Water is muddy from the source' This Afghan saying refers to corruption, which is endemic and seen as the usual form of business transaction. Bribery is widely considered to be common among the police force, within the judiciary, public utilities and, according to some observers, even with the national airline. World Bank; (2005) Doing Business in Afghanistan: A Country Commercial Overview, p. 3. , Embassy of the United States of America, Economic/Commercial Section at www.state.gov; Costs, which are not proportional to the number of units produced; Ghashghai, E., Lewis, R., (2002) Issues Affecting Internet Use in Afghanistan and Developing Countries in the Middle East, , Rand Issue Paper, Santa Monica, CA: Rand; Ghashghai, E., Lewis, R., (2002) Issues Affecting Internet Use in Afghanistan and Developing Countries in the Middle East, p. 4. , Rand Issue Paper, Santa Monica, CA: Rand; Ghashghai, E., Lewis, R., (2002) Issues Affecting Internet Use in Afghanistan and Developing Countries in the Middle East, p. 5. , Rand Issue Paper, Santa Monica, CA: Rand; (2005) Telecommunications: Afghanistan Country Report, , The number of cellular phone subscribers nationwide in Afghanistan is not significant, although there were roughly 600 000 in 2005 in Kabul, Telecom Regulatory Board, Afghanistan. Kabul: Ministry of Communications, April; 'The Information Age dawns on Afghanistan: Computer terminals and internet access provide tools for reconstruction (2003), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), at www.undp.org/dpa/choices/2003/december/afghanistan_prfr.html; 'Afghanistan: Afghan court convicts editor of blasphemy' (2003) Asia Media, , Freedom House, 'Afghanistan', at www.freedomhouse.org/research/ freeworld/2004/countryratings/afghanistan.htm. For the first time since the fall of the Taliban's Islamic government a journalist has been convicted by a Kabul court under the country's blasphemy laws. AliMohaqiq Nasab, the editor of a monthly magazine for women called Women's Rights, was sentenced Saturday 22 October to two years in prison by Kabul's primary court. 25 October 2005, at www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=32235; Esfandiari, G., 'Afghanistan: Media expand rapidly but still face intimidation' (2005), violence, Prague: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 6 January at www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/01/ e0838ffc-43e8-423c-a723-315bccdae2d9.html; Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., Globalization and the Politics of Development, p. 83; Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction, p. 94. , Despite an externally imposed planned economy in certain periods of its modern history, Afghanistan has a long tradition of entrepreneurship and a vibrant private sector, which has actively engaged in agricultural production, trading activities and small-scale industrial activity over the centuries. An initial condition for restoring Afghanistan's private sector vitality is to consolidate security and political stability throughout the country. Equally important is the establishment of a strong judicial system able to enforce laws and regulations effectively with fair, transparent and simple rules with regard to the banking system, tax and customs, competition protection, property registration and foreign investment; (2004) Opening Doors to Opportunity: Afghanistan's Millennium Development Goals, p. 44. , UNDP, Kathmandu: Worldscape; Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., (2002) Aid Policy, and Growth in Post-Conflict Societies, , Paul Collier & Anke Hoeffler, observe that super-normal economic growth tends to be seen in post-conflict countries. This follows an inverted-U pattern and is typically at peak levels from the fourth to the seventh year of peace. Consequently, after the first few years, a period of catch-up can be expected, which fades over time as the economy reverts to some longer-term growth rate. The postponed onset of relatively high economic growth after the conflict most likely reflects the time it takes for business and investor confidence to be restored and for the institutional and infrastructural base of the economy to be rebuilt. Washington, DC: World Bank Afghanistan's growth soared in the first years following the collapse of the Taliban, thus departing somewhat from this model. It is, however, in all probability headed for a longer-term, sustainable and more modest growth rate; Country Report: Afghanistan, p. 8. , The EIU reports as many as three million refugees in 2003/04. EIU; Afghanistan: State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty, p. 3. , World Bank; Rubin, B.R., Stoddard, A., Hamidzada, H., Farhadi, A., (2004) Building a New Afghanistan: The Value of Success, the Cost of Failure, p. 8. , According to Barnett R Rubin and colleagues, illicit activities have stimulated much of the growth in construction and trade. The sustaining function of illicit commodities demonstrates the challenge the Afghan government confronts in seeking to augment economic stability, while at the same time promoting the rule of law necessary to the growth of the legal economy, which is anchored chiefly in private investment. New York: Center on International Cooperation/New York University, in cooperation with CARE; Country Report: Afghanistan, p. 8. , EIU; Afghanistan: State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty, pp. 7-8. , World Bank; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan; Afghanistan: State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty, , World Bank; Rubin, B.R., Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond, p. 25; Rubin, B.R., Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond, p. 25; Rubin, B.R., Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond, p. 26; Rubin, B.R., Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond, p. 25. , Women also voted in the 2004 presidential election. When results of the 2004 parliament elections are certified, 68 women will serve in the lower house, the Wolesi Jirga; Rubin, B.R., Afghanistan 2005 and Beyond, p. 25; Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., Globalization and the Politics of Development, pp. xiv; Rubin, B.R., (2002) The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, p. 346. , A group united by a norm of solidarity within the group and by competition with parallel groups. Depending on context, the term can refer to tribe, clan, ethnic group, regional group, or professional caste. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Bhatia, M., Goodhand, J., Atmar, H., Pain, A., Suleman, M., 'Profits and poverty: Aid, livelihoods and conflict in Afghanistan' (2003) Power, Livelihoods and Conflict: Case Studies in Political Economy Analysis for Humanitarian Action, p. 70. , Sarah Collinson (ed), HPG Report 13, London: Humanitarian Policy Group; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan, , Afghanistan currently imports electricity from neighbours Iran and Uzbekistan. The power lines from each, however, operate on different voltages, preventing the creation of a national network; Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction, pp. 41-42; Fujimura, M., Post-Conflict Reconstruction, pp. 73-75; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan; Unocal Corp, an El Segundo, CA-based oil and natural gas producer, and Bridas, an Argentinian firm, sought to contract with the Taliban in the mid-1990s to build a gas pipeline from Turkmenistan across Afghanistan to Pakistan. Both dropped the idea a few years later; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan; Clark, S., Karzai's Afghanistan; (2005) State of the World: Redefining Global Security 2005, p. 134. , In recent years the USA has cultivated links (civil or military aid, including bases for US troops in some instances) to a number of Central Asian countries - including Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - that either have important undeveloped oil reserves or straddle key potential pipeline routes. World Watch Institute, New York: WW Norton; Hausmann, R., 'Prisoners of geography' (2001) Foreign Policy, pp. 44-53. , January/February; At least to neoliberals and those who back the Washington Consensus, who are currently in positions of power globally; Afghanistan: State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty, pp. 2-3. , World Bank; The HDI combines longevity as measured by life expectancy at birth, knowledge as measured by a weighted average of adult literacy and combined gross enrolment in school and standard of living as measured by real per capita income adjusted for a country's PPP (Purchasing Power Parity). Recent PQLI statistics were not readily found for Afghanistan; The GDI reflects the level of discrepancies between men and women in terms of the HDI indicators; (2004) Afghanistan: National Human Development Report, pp. 18-23. , UNDP, Islamabad: Army Press; (2004) Afghanistan: National Human Development Report, pp. xxv. , For UNDP, security is not just the end of war but the ability to survive, have a chance to live a life of dignity, and have an adequate livelihood. Islamabad: Army Press; (2004) Afghanistan: National Human Development Report, p. 46. , For UNDP, security is not just the end of war but the ability to survive, have a chance to live a life of dignity, and have an adequate livelihood. Islamabad: Army Press; Arnoldy, B., 'Afghans left out of their own rebuilding' (2005) Christian Science Monitor, p. 4. , 24 May, 1; Henry, C.M., Springborg, R., Globalization and the Politics of Development, pp. 18-19. , The terms globalisers, moralisers, and synthesisers in response to globalisation were conceived by},
correspondence_address1={Riphenburg, C.J.; Department of Political Science, 425 Fawell Bouleward, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-6599, United States; email: riphenbu@cdnet.cod.edu},
issn={01436597},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Third World Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Buckley20061,
author={Buckley, M. and Singh, R.},
title={The Bush doctrine and the War on Terrorism: Global responses, global consequences},
journal={The Bush Doctrine and the War on Terrorism: Global Responses, Global Consequences},
year={2006},
pages={1-226},
doi={10.4324/9780203028162},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909307965&doi=10.4324%2f9780203028162&partnerID=40&md5=10732ee8fa938434d2e3ee308767cb94},
affiliation={Hughes Hall, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Politics and Sociology, Birkbeck College, University of London, United Kingdom},
abstract={The presidency of George W. Bush has been widely regarded as having occasioned one of the most dramatic shifts in the history of American foreign policy. The US interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, the declaration of a 'war on terrorism' and the enunciation of a 'Bush Doctrine' of unrivalled military power, 'regime change' for 'rogue states', and preventive and pre-emptive war together generated unprecedented divisions in the international community. In this edited volume, leading international experts analyze the nature and scale of the global transformation wrought by the Bush foreign policy in three clear parts: Part one examines the extent of the Bush administration's break with prior American foreign policy. In Part two, region and country-specific experts assess the responses to the Bush Doctrine and the interaction of domestic and international politics that shaped these. They explore how governments, political parties, the media and public opinion react to US foreign policy and assess the implications for domestic, regional and international politics. Part three examines the likely long-term implications of the Bush Doctrine in relation to a set of major thematic issues including: war and peace; the global economy; human rights and the UN. Providing a balanced and dispassionate assessment of continuity and change in American foreign policy, national/regional responses to it, and the impact of US foreign policy on a set of 'big picture' discrete issues, this book is essential reading for scholars and researchers of international relations and contemporary history. © 2006 Mary Buckley and Robert Singh for selection and editorial matter. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Buckley, M.; Hughes HallUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Routledge Taylor & Francis Group},
isbn={0415368316; 9780203028162},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Bush Doctrin. and the War on Terror.: Global Responses, Global Consequences},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{LookLai2006191,
author={Look Lai, W.},
title={The Chinese of Trinidad and Tobago: Mobility, modernity, and assimilation during and after colonialism},
journal={Chinese Transnational Networks},
year={2006},
pages={191-210},
doi={10.4324/9780203966631-19},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144381991&doi=10.4324%2f9780203966631-19&partnerID=40&md5=9590bfdd6108e5a31b452076cfb5b85b},
affiliation={History Department, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago},
abstract={The Chinese community in Trinidad owes its origin to four distinct moments of migration. The first was as early as 1806, when a single experimental colony of 200 men were brought to the island, recruited mainly from Macao and the island of Penang in Malaya rather than from the mainland proper. This experimentdesigned to replicate the successful immigration to Penang or Prince of Wales Island-was a failure and was not repeated. The second stage took place in the 1850s and 1860s, and this migration lay in the well-known circumstances of nineteenth-century global migration. Accustomed to migrating in large numbers to the countries of Southeast Asia, both before and after the arrival of Europe in the East, the Chinese found themselves propelled by the changing circumstances of the nineteenth-century global economy into a wider global orbit. This widening of the orbit of overseas Chinese settlement included not just the white majority societies like the US, Canada, and Australia but also several non-white majority societies in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific. The young colony of Trinidad was one, but not the only one, of these Caribbean societies. They also went to British Guyana, to Jamaica, and to Dutch Surinam. The intake in Trinidad was 2,645 or around 13 percent out of a Caribbean total of just over 20,000. The third stage came at the end of the nineteenth century and lasted roughly until the end of World War II (1890s to 1940s). There were two distinct streams in this period. The first was made up of mainly county, district, and family compatriots of the earlier migrants. They came as itinerant merchants and peddlers, not as workers, notably during the period when immigration to the United States had all but ceased after the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. Many more Chinese in this period were also simultaneously going to other Caribbean islands, as well as to Panama in Central America, and Mexico. While these new migrants were arriving from China proper, several hundreds were arriving in Trinidad from other colonies in the Caribbean region, in particular British Guyana on the South American mainland. This sub-migration started with mainlanders who had originally migrated to Guyana as indentured sugar workers and were relocating throughout the region at the end of their term of indenture in search of more hospitable mobility opportunities elsewhere. Over time, this group came to include not only the relocating former indentured workers but a sizable number of Guyana-born children of the original worker migrants, many of them with technical and professional skills. Their spontaneous arrival into Trinidad extended well in the 1950s and 1960s, up to Trinidad’s Independence in 1962, when immigration regulations became a little more stringent. © 2007 Selection and editorial matter, Tan Chee-Beng; individual chapters, the contributors},
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correspondence_address1={Look Lai, W.; History Department, Trinidad and Tobago},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134156917; 0415395836; 9780415395830},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. Transnatl. Networks},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sussan200640,
author={Sussan, A.P.},
title={How the u.s. can gain its competitive power in today's global economy},
journal={Problems and Perspectives in Management},
year={2006},
volume={4},
number={1},
pages={40-47},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891749227&partnerID=40&md5=89444b43d227300cb3e6966a812331a4},
affiliation={University of Central Florida, United States},
abstract={The United States does not dominate the world in terms of its economy and power, as it once did. The current U.S. position, according to statistics and quality of life, is lower than it has been since World War II. The most recent trends to affect the United States' position increased international competition, poor U.S. education, and foreign outsourcing. The best angle for the United States to pursue is to excel in innovation and knowledge transfer. The ability to change is one of the most valuable in a fast-moving integrated world economy, which is where all countries are headed. © Aysar Philip Sussan, 2006.},
references={Callinicos, A., Feature review: The boom and the bubble: The US in world economy (2003) New Political Economy, 8 (3), pp. 419-425; Child, J., Tse, D., China's transition and its implications for international business (2001) Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (1), pp. 5-21; Darwin, C., (2005), http://en.thinkexist.com/quotes/charles_darwin, Retrieved June 22; Dickson, P., Czinkota, M., How the United States can be number one again: Resurrecting the industrial policy debate (1996) The Columbia Journal of World Business, pp. 77-87; Dubois, D., (2004) The Role of Innovation in Economics, , http://economics.about.com/library/weekly/aa060204a.htm, Retrieved June 22, 2005 from; (2002) What's behind the Low U.S. Personal Saving Rate?, , http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2002/el2002-09.html, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved June 21, 2005 from; Fink, G., Holden, N., The global transfer of management knowledge (2005) Academy of Management Executive, 19 (2), pp. 5-8; Garelli, S., The world competitiveness landscape in 2004 (2004) Journal of Management Services, pp. 14-19; Gergen, D., Will America slip from number one? (2005) US News & World Report, , Retrieved June 16, 2005, from LookSmart's FindArticles database; Hall, E., (2005) U.S. National Debt Clock, , http://www.brillig.com/debt_clock/, Retrieved June 21, 2005 from; Julius, D., US economic power: Waxing or waning? (2005) Harvard International Review, pp. 14-18; Krugman, P., Can America stay on top? (2000) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 (1), pp. 169-175; Miller, G., (2005) The Role of A Central Bank in A Bubble Economy, , http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials/cscb001.html, Retrieved June 22; Overholt, W., China's economy, resilience and challenge (2004) Harvard China Review, 5 (1), pp. 47-52; (2005) Personal Savings Rate., , http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/data/PSAVERT.txt, Retrieved June 21, 2005 from; Torre, J., Moxon, R., Symposium: Electronic commerce and global business (2001) Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (4), pp. 617-639; (2004) U.S. Budget Deficit Expands to 412.5 Billion., , http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6249895, Retrieved June 21, 2005 from; (2005) Trade Ticker-The Web's only Up-To-The-second Counter for the U.S. Trade Deficit, , http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/ticker_home.asp, U.S. Business & Industry Council. Retrieved June 21, 2005 from; Watkins, T., (2005) U.S. Economic Recovery and Resurgence As of May 2005, , http://www.applet-magic.com/recov2005.htm, Retrieved June 21, 2005 from},
correspondence_address1={Sussan, A.P.; University of Central FloridaUnited States},
publisher={LLC CPC Business Perspectives},
issn={17277051},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Probl. Perspect. Manage.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Woodier200657,
author={Woodier, J.},
title={Securing Singapore/managing perceptions: From shooting the messenger to dodging the question},
journal={Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies},
year={2006},
number={23},
pages={57-80},
doi={10.22439/cjas.v23i1.692},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44849124084&doi=10.22439%2fcjas.v23i1.692&partnerID=40&md5=00642d4353911549e150be38f8970aa9},
affiliation={Citigroup Europe, Middle East and Africa},
abstract={The citizens of Singapore have been in thrall to the governing People's Action Party (PAP) and its senior figure Lee Kuan Yew for almost 45 years. Served by a pliant media brought to heel by a combination of legislative and ownership controls, the PAP has been effective in limiting the space for debate while successfully conveying its own internal messaging aimed at securing the state and its own political longevity. It has done this by creating the image of a Singapore as a fortress Chinese-led stability and prosperity, ever under threat from more restive neighbours. But, in the face of the emerging threats to this control posed by new information technology and the exigencies of the global economy, the government has been forced to become increasingly sophisticated at managing perceptions and minimizing controversy. This paper will examine how the government has successfully met these challenges in a public relations triumph, effectively winning the battle for the hearts and minds of its internal audience, as well as shoring up the image of 'Fortress Singapore' and appeasing external allies in the 'war against terror', thus keeping Singapore critics in check and neutralizing any external political support for domestic political movements.},
author_keywords={Media;  PR;  Singapore;  Southeast Asia;  Terror;  U.S.},
keywords={global economy;  mass media;  national politics;  state-local relations;  terrorism, Asia;  Eurasia;  Singapore [Southeast Asia];  Southeast Asia, Taxus},
references={Anderson, B., (1983) Imagined Communities, , London: Verso; Asian Advertising & Marketing. 1991, , http://www.recycling-point.com.sg/Articles/1991sep-Singaporegovernmentleadscampaign.htm, Accessed 9 January 2006; (2003) Asian Will Street Journal, , 26 March; Bates, D., (2002) To Inform and Persuade: Public Relations from the Dawn of Civilization, , http://www.instituteforpr.com/pdf/HistoryofPublic%20Relation-Institute.pdf, Accessed at; Bernays, E.L., (1928) Propaganda, , New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Blumler, J.G., Elections, the Media and the Modern Publicity Process (1990) Public Communication: The New Imperatives, pp. 101-113. , M. Ferguson ed, Newbury Park, CA: Sage; (2004) Business Times, , 22 June; (2006) Source Watch: Qorvis Communications, , http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Qorvis_Communications, Center for Media and Democracy, February, Accessed at; (2006) Source Watch: Wexler and Walker Public Policy Associates, , http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Wexler_and_Walker_Public_Policy_Associates, Center for Media and Democracy April, Accessed at; (2005) Singapore, , http://www.publicintegrity.org/lobby/profile.aspx?act=countries&co=sg, Center for Public Integrity. June, Accessed at; Chan, D., The Story of Singapore Airlines and the Singapore Gir (2000) Journal of Management Development, 19 (6), pp. 456-472; Chomsky, N., (1988) Necessary Illusions, , Boston: South End Press; Conde Naste Traveller. 2004. Accessed 21 September 2004: http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/topstories/story/0,4386,273703,00.html; (2003) Public Relations and the Lobbying Industry: An Overview, , http://archive.corporatewatch.org/profiles/pr_industry/pr4.htm, Corporate Watch, Accessed 15 December 2005; (2005) PR on the Upswing after a Bounce Back, p. 2004. , Say USC G. Council of Public Relations Firms; George, C., Inside Singapore's Successful, Self-Satisfied and Sometimes Smug Establishment Press (1993) The Unfolding Lotus: East Asia's Changing Media. New York: The Freedom Forum Media Studies Center: 132-36, , J. V. Heuvel and E. E. Dennis eds; Giddens, A., (1990) The Consequences of Modernity, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; GlobalSecurity.org - Singapore Changi Naval Base. Accessed at: www.globalsecurity.org/military/facflity/singapore.htm; (2004) Guardian, , 18 April; Guevera, Marina Walker and Bob Williams (2005) China Steps Up Its Lobbying Game, , http://www.pubhcintegrity.org/lobby/report.aspx?aid=734, The Center for Public Integrity. Accessed at; (2003), International Herald Tribune. 19 March; Jackall, R., Hirota, J.M., (2000) Image Makers, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Jowett, G.S., O'Donnell, V., (1999) Propaganda and Persuasion, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Keane, J., (1991) The Media and Democracy, , Cambridge: Polity Press; Kunczik, M., (1997) Images of Nations and International Public Relations, , Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Kuo, E.C.Y., Chen, P.S.J., (1983) Communication policy and planning in Singapore, , London: Kegan; McCargo, D., The Media and Democratic Transitions in Southeast Asia (1999) Democracy in the Third World: What Should Be Done, , Mannheim: ECPR Joint Sessions; (2003) Media, p. 7. , 14 November; O'Dwyers, (2003) PR Service Report, , 24 June; PR. Week. 9 April 2004; 19 July 2004; 15 September 2005; 20 September 2005; Quah, J.S.T., Heng Chee, C., Meow Seah, C., (1985) Government and Politics of Singapore, p. 61. , Singapore: Oxford University Press; Seow, F.T., A Free and Flippant Media (1995) Media Studies Journal, 9 (4), pp. 77-81; Stauber, J., Sheldon Rampton, S., (1995) Toxic Sludge Is Good For You, , Maine: Common Courage Press; Straits Times (ST). 12 November 1995; 13 and 16 October 2001; 5 July 2002; Straits Times Interactive (STI). 27 March 2003; 7 April 2004; 22 April 2004; 25 April 2003; 29 April 2004; 6 May 2004; 7 June 2004; 22 June 2004; 5 August 2004; 13 August 2004; 18 August 2004; 23 August 2004; 3 September 2004; (2001) Taipei Times, , 23 August; Taylor, M., Media Relations in Bosnia: A Role for Public Relations in Building Civil Society (2000) Public Relations Review, 26 (1), pp. 1-14; Taylor, M., Kent, M., Public Relations Theory and Practice in Nation Building (2002) National Communication Association Conference, , Paper presented to the, New Orleans, LA; Thompson, J.B., (1995) The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media, , Oxford: Blackwell; Thompson, J.B., The Media and Politics (2001) The Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, pp. 171-182. , Kate Nash and. Alan Scott eds, Oxford: Blackwell; (2004) Today, , 12,15 and 21 April, 13 and 23 August; Ward, I., (1995) Politics of the Media, , Melbourne: Macmillan; Williams, Louise. 2000. Censors. In Williams L. and Rich, Roland. (eds.). Loosing Control: Freedom of the Press in Asia, (pp. 1-15). ANU, Australia: Asia Pacific Press; Wong, T., Yeoh, B.S.A., Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Proto-nationalist Population Policies in Singapore (1996) Asian Meta Centre Research Paper Series, 12, pp. 1-27; Woodier, Jonathan Ralph. 2006. 'The Singapore Grip: Putting the Squeeze on the Globalized Media'. Paper under review, Journal of Political Communication; Zolo, D., The Singapore Model: Democracy, Communication and Globalization (2001) The Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, pp. 407-417. , Oxford: Blackwell},
correspondence_address1={Woodier, J.; Citigroup Europe, },
publisher={Copenhagen Business School},
issn={13954199},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Cph. J. Asian Stud.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{O'Hara20051,
author={O'Hara, P.A.},
title={Growth and development in the global political economy: Social structures of accumulation and modes of regulation},
journal={Growth and Development in the Global Political Economy: Modes of Regulation and Social Structures of Accumulation},
year={2005},
pages={1-248},
doi={10.4324/9780203508381},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906175115&doi=10.4324%2f9780203508381&partnerID=40&md5=020f7a60e3984d322be01ea1ea0390b7},
affiliation={Global Political Economy Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth, Australia},
abstract={Recent institutional changes have seen the increasing dominance of globalization and neoliberalism in the world economy. As markets have been deregulated, privatization and unproductive government spending have been promoted. Yet the greater volatility of capitals, the emergence of many financial crises, a decline in trust, and environmental problems have cast doubt on the effectiveness of neoliberal globalization. This book studies the impact of neoliberal globalization on growth and development in the world economy. It scrutinizes whether new social structures of accumulation or modes of regulation have emerged to promote long-term socioeconomic performance in the global economy during the early years of the twenty-first century. Special reference is given to the specific performance of neoliberal governance; transnational corporations; global institutions of money, trade and production; international relations of war and terrorism; financial institutions; and the family-community environment. It is a comprehensive analysis of the degree to which institutional development has managed to promote socioeconomic performance in the global economy. It also presents a thorough policy program of action for long wave upswing in the world economy. It will be especially useful for those scholars and students concerned with issues of governance, global political economy, institutions and macroeconomics. © 2006 Phillip Anthony O'Hara. All rights reserved.},
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Modelski (eds), London and New York: Routledge; Freeman, C., Louca, F., (2002) As Time Goes By: From the Industrial Revolution to the Information Revolution, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Freeman, C., Clark, J., Soete, L., (1982) Unemployment and Technical Innovation: A Study of Long Waves and Economic Development, , London: Frances Pinter; Garvy, G., Kondratieff's Theory of Long Cycles (1943) Review of Economics and Statistics, 25 (4), pp. 203-220. , November; Gelderen, V.J., Fedder, J., Springvloed-Beschouwingen over industrieele ontwikkeling en projsbeweging (1913) Die Nieuw Tijd, 18 (4-6), pp. 254-277+370-380+446-464. , 5; Gillman, J.M., (1957) The Falling Rate of Profit: Marx's Law and its Significance to Twentieth-Century Capitalism, , London: Dennis Dobson Co; Goldstein, J.P., The Existence, Endogeneity, and Synchronization of Long Waves:Structural Time Series Model Estimates (1999) Review of Radical Political Economics, 31 (4), pp. 61-101; Goldstein, J., (1988) Long Cycles: Prosperity and War in the Modern Age, , New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press; Gordon, D.M., Up and Down the Roller Coaster (1978) U. 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Rabinow (eds), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Fukuyama, F., Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda (2002) SAIS Review, 22 (1), pp. 23-37. , Winter-Spring; Poll, G., Survey of Middle Eastern People in the Arabian Gulf on Attitudes to the United States and the War on Terrorism (2002) Gallop Poll, p. 66. , February 2002; Gore, C., The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Developing Countries (2000) World Development, 28 (5), pp. 789-804; Heller, P., Social Capital as a Product of Class Mobilization and State Intervention:Industrial Workers in Kerala, India (1996) World Development, 24 (6), pp. 1055-1071; Hofman, M.W., A Plea for Islamic Renewal (2001) Islamic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 297-304; Homer-Dixon, T., The Rise of Complex Terrorism (2002) Foreign Policy, pp. 52-77. , January/February; Hyman, A., Muslim Fundamentalism (1985) Conflict Studies, 174, pp. 3-27. , Reprinted in Yonah Alexander (ed.), Middle East Terrorism: Current Threats and Future Prospects, New York and Toronto: Macmillan Publishing Company; Ibrahim, M.H., The Effects of Government Spending on Private Capital Formation:The Case of Malaysia (2001) International Economics, LIV (1), pp. 187-201; Key IEO Findings and Recommendations (2004) IMFSurvey, 33 (15), pp. 230-231. , IMF (International Monetary Fund); Jackson, S., Domestic Terrorism in the Islamic Legal Tradition (2001) The Muslim World, 91 (3-4), pp. 293-310; Kennedy, M., The 21st Century Conditions Likely to Inspire Terrorism (1998) The Future of Terrorism: Violence in the New Millenium, pp. 185-207. , Harvey W. Kushner (ed.), London and New Delhi: Sage Publications; Klinger, S., Sklar, H., (2002) Titans of the Enron Economy: The Ten Habits of Highly Defective Corporations, , Boston, MA: United for a Fair Economy; Kolodko, G., Transition (1998) World Bank Development Economic Research Group Newsletter, , Washington, DC: World Bank, June; Laopodis, N.T., Effects of Government Spending on Private Investment (2001) Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1563-1577; Lerner, A.P., Functional Finance and the Federal Debt (1943) Social Research, 10, pp. 38-51; Lutz, M.G., Policy Arena: Commodity Terms of trade and Individual Countries' Net Barter Terms of Trade: Is There an Empirical Relationship (1999) Journal of International Development, 11, pp. 859-870; Miller, N.J., Tsoukis, C., On the Optimality of Public Capital for Long-Run Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Data (2001) Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1117-1129; Munzig, P.G., (2003) Enron and the Economics of Corporate Governance, , Mineo, Department of Economics, Stanford University, June; (2003) The Policy Implications of Social Capital, , NESF (National Economic Social Forum), Forum Report No. 28. Dublin: Government Publications; Nooteboom, B., (2002) Trust: Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures, , Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar; Ocampo, J.A., Parra, M.A., (2004) The Commodity Terms of Trade and their Strategic Implications for Development, , Working Paper of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLA), June; O'Hara, P.A., A New Neoliberal 'Balanced Budget' Social Structure of Accumulation for the United States? (2000) The Economics of Public Spending:Debts, Deficits and Economic Performance, , H. Bougrine (ed.), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar; O'Hara, P.A., (2005) A New Chinese Social Structure of Accumulation for Long Wave Upswing?, , http://pohara.homestead.comygperu.html/, Working Paper, Curtin University, GPERU, School of Economics and Finance, March; Palley, T.I., Asset-Based Reserve Requirements: Reasserting Domestic Monetary Control in an Era of Financial Innovation and Instability (2004) Review of Political Economy, 16 (1), pp. 43-58; Patomaki, H., (2001) Democratising Globalisation: The Leverage of the Tobin Tax, , London and New York: Zed Press; Perry, W.J., Preparing for the Next Attack (2002) Foreign Affairs, 80 (6), pp. 31-45; Putman, R.D., (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, , New York: Touchstone Books; Reati, A., Toporowski, J., An Economic Policy for the Fifth Long Wave (2004) Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, (231), pp. 321-359; Robbins, F., Industry Policy in East Asia (2002) Asian Business and Management, 1, pp. 291-312; Salvatore, D., (2004) International Economics, , Eighth Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; Sapsford, D., Balasubramanyam, V.N., Policy Arena: Trend and Volatility in the Net Barter Terms of Trade, 1900-92: New Results from the Application of a (not so) New Method (1999) Journal of International Development, 11, pp. 851-857; Sapsford, D., Balasubramanyam, V.N., Globalization and the Glass Ceiling Hypothesis (2003) Growth and Development in the Global Economy, pp. 157-169. , Harry Bloch (ed.), Northampton, MA and Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; Schulmeister, S., Globalization without Global Money: The Double Role of the Dollar as National Currency and World Currency (2000) Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 22 (3), pp. 365-395. , Spring; Schweickert, R., Thiele, R., (2004) From Washington to Post-Washington? Consensus Policies and Divergent Developments in Latin America and Asia, p. 35. , Kiel Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for World Economics, February; Spotton Visano, B., Financial Crises, Crashes and Speculative Bubbles (2004) Global Political Economy and the Wealth of Nations: Performance, Institutions, Problems and Policies, pp. 225-224. , Phillip Anthony O'Hara (ed.), London and New York: Routledge; Stevenson, J., Pragmatic Counter-Terrorism (2001) Survical: The IISS Quarterly, 43 (4), pp. 35-48; Stiglitz, J., (1998) More Instruments and Broader Goals: Moving Toward the Post Washington Consensus, the 1998 WIDER Annual Lecture, , January 7, Helsinki; Stiglitz, J., Employment, Social Justice and Societal Weil-Being (2002) International Labour Review, 141 (1-2), pp. 9-29; Stiglitz, J., (2002) Development Policies in a World of Globalization, , Paper presented at a seminar to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Brazilian Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES), Rio de Janeiro, September 12-13; Streeton, P., Reflections on Social and Antisocial Capital (2002) Social Capital and Economic Development: Weil-Being in Developing Countries, pp. 40-57. , Jonathan Isham, Thomas Kelly, and Sunder Remaswamy (eds), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edard Elgar; Tobin, J., (1974) The New Economics One Decade Older: The Eliot Janeway Lectures in Honour of Joseph Schumpeter, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Tobin, J., A Proposal for Monetary Reform (1978) Eastern Economic Journal, 4 (3-4), pp. 153-159; Valery, L., Knights, M., Affecting Trust: Terrorism, Internet and Offensive Information Warfare (2000) Terrorism and Political Violence, 12 (1), pp. 15-36; Veblen, T.B., (1919) The Vested Interests and the Common Man, , The Modern Point of View and the New Order, New York: Augustus M. Kelley; Veblen, T.B., (1921) The Engineers and the Price System, , Brunswick, NT and London, UK: Transnational Publishers; Watchel, H.M., Tobin and other Global Taxes (2000) Review of International Political Economy, 7 (2), pp. 335-352; Weber, C.E., Government Purchases, Government Transfers, and the Post1970 Slowdown in U. S. Economic Growth (2000) Contemporary Economic Policy, 18 (1), pp. 107-123; Wheeler, D.W., Beyond Global Culture: Islam, Economic Development, and the Challenges of Cyberspace (2001) Domes: Digest of Middle Eastern Studies, 10 (1), pp. 1-26; White, L., Connection Matters: Exploring the Implications of Social Capital and Social Networks for Social Policy (2002) Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 19 (3), pp. 255-269. , May-June; Widner, J., Mundt, A., Researching Social Capital in Africa (1998) Africa, 68 (1), pp. 1-24; Williamson, J., What Should the World Bank Think about the Washington Consensus? (2000) World Bank Research Observer, 15 (2), pp. 251-264. , August; Wray, R.L., (1998) Understanding Modern Money: The Key to Full Employment and Price Stability, , Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar; Dicken, P., (2003) Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, , Fourth Edition, London and Delhi: Sage Publications; Drache, D., (2001) The Post Washington Consensus: The Market Disconnect and the Public Reconnect, , Working Paper of the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, February; Fine, B., Economics Imperialism and the New Development Economics as Kuhnian Paradigm Shift (2002) World Development, 30 (12), pp. 2057-2070; Jayasuriya, K., (2001) Governance, Post Washington Consensus and the New Anti Politics, p. 13. , Working Paper of the Southeast Asia research Centre (SEARC), City University of Hong Kong, Number 2, April; Nikiforos, L.T., Effects of Government Spending on Private Investment (2001) Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1563-1577; Onis, Z., Senses, F., (2003) Rethinking the Emerging Post-Washington Consensus: A Critical Appraisal, , ERC Working Paper in Economics 03/09, Economic Research Centre, Middle Eastern Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, November; Tool, M.R., Bush, P.D., (2003) Institutional Analysis and Economic Policy, , Boston, MA and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Wade, R.H., Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? (2004) World Development, 32 (4), pp. 567-589},
correspondence_address1={O'Hara, P.A.; Global Political Economy Research Unit, , Perth, Australia},
publisher={Routledge},
isbn={0203508386; 9780203508381},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Growth and Dev. in the Glob. Polit. Econ.: Modes of Regul. and Soc. Struct. of Accumul.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Broniatowski2005,
author={Broniatowski, D.A. and Jordan, N.C. and Long, A.M. and Richards, M.G. and Weibel, R.E.},
title={Balancing the needs for space research and national security in the ITAR},
journal={Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2005 Conference and Exposition},
year={2005},
volume={1},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Space 2005 ; Conference Date: 30 August 2005 Through 1 September 2005;  Conference Code:99744},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885070536&partnerID=40&md5=1c4c773dad546c48e40492c50075ab40},
affiliation={Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aeronautics and Astronautics, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States},
abstract={Current export control policies, drafted during the Cold War, require reassessment in light of fundamental changes in the international security environment. The interconnectedness of the global economy, brought about by new technologies that facilitate international collaboration and knowledge sharing, is challenging the American export control framework. Underlying is a tension between the needs for innovation, driven by the free exchange of ideas, and security needs, aiming to prevent potentially sensitive knowledge and hardware from falling into the wrong hands. Academic space research institutions are particularly affected by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) United States Munitions List, which controls broad categories of space systems. Many members of the academic community champion a reactionary approach whereby restricting research in a given area requires that a risk be demonstrated. This stands in contrast to the precautionary approach towards the proliferation of space technology embodied in the ITAR wherein the risk of technology transfer is mitigated through the liberal use of restrictions, controls and State Department oversight. Effective export controls must balance the benefits of requiring that certain technologies be used exclusively by certain U.S. interests with the danger of undermining future innovation. A notional model, supported by interviews and analyses, describes the long- and short-term effects of ITAR upon national security. The notional model provides valuable insight into the dynamics of short- and longterm national security needs and the influence of export control on those needs. Further refinement of the model will allow the influence of potential changes in ITAR procedures to be evaluated and understood. The effects on national security of strengthening or relaxing components of export restrictions can be understood through an expansion of the model and by holding interviews with a variety of stakeholders involved in the innovation, legislation, and enforcement processes. © 2005 by David A. Broniatowski, Nicole Jordan, Matthew Richards, Roland Weibel and Andrew Long. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.},
keywords={Academic community;  Export restrictions;  Fundamental changes;  International collaborations;  International security;  International Traffic in Arms Regulations;  Precautionary approach;  Research institutions, International cooperation;  International trade;  Knowledge management;  Space research;  Technology transfer, National security},
references={Aircraft Carriers, , http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/index.html, Federation of American Scientists; Military, A.F., (2004) Role in Space Control: A Primer, , CRS Report for Congress. September 23; (1982) Scientific Communication and National Security, pp. 14-15. , National Academy of Sciences; http://www.iraqcrisisbulletin.com/archives/032603/html/u_s__says_iraq_gps_jamming_sit.html; Paarlberg, R., Knowledge as Power: Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security (2004) International Security, 29 (1), p. 145. , (Summer); Arms Export Control Act, , 22 U.S.C. § 2778(a)(1); ITAR, 22 CFR § 121; (1998) Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, , 1513, Public Law 105-261, 105th Cong., Sec; ITAR, 22 CFR § 126. 1; ITAR, 22 CFR § 123. 1; ITAR, 22 CFR § 125. 4(d)(1)(2); Proclamation, P., (1985) National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical, and Engineering Information, , National Security Decision Directive 189. (NSDD-189). September 21; Rice, C., (2001) Letter to Dr. Harold Brown, , Co-Chariman, Center for Strategic & International Studies. November 10; ITAR, 22 CFR § 120. 11(8); (2002) International Traffic in Arms Regulations, 67 (61). , http://www.wrf.com/db30/cgi-bin/pubs/UniversityBasedResearch.pdf, Department of State, 22 CFR Parts 123 and 125, [Public Notice 3954], Exemptions for U.S. Institutions of Higher Learning Federal Register, Friday, March 29, Rules and Regulations; Greenwood, M.R.C., (2002) Chancellor, , Testimony Before the House Committee on Science, Washington, D.C., October 10 University of California, Santa Cruz; Academic Freedom and National Security in a Time of Crisis (2003) Academe, 89 (6), pp. 34-59. , (November-December; Report of the Committee A for 1943 (1944) Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors, p. 13. , (February; (2002) In the Public Interest: Report of the Ad Hoc Faculty Committee on Access to and Disclosure of Scientific Information, , MIT, June; Widnall, S., (2002) Testimony Before the House Committee on Science, , Washington, D.C., October 10; Innovate America (2004) National Innovation Initiative Interim Report, , (July; Wagner, C., Yezril, A., Hassell, S., International Cooperation in Research and Development (2000) RAND Corporation, , MR-1248-OSTP; Paarlberg, R., Knowledge as Power (2004) International Security, 29 (1), pp. 122-151. , Summer; Paarlberg, R., Knowledge as Power (2004) International Security, 29 (1), pp. 122-151. , Summer; (2002), http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/release.htm, The survey data from the National Science Foundation is published eighteen months to two years after the data is gathered. Data from the academic year is immediately forthcoming, Release dates can be found at; Survey of Foreign Student and Scholar Enrollment and Visa Trends for Fall 2004 (2004) Conducted jointly by NAFSA: Association of International Educators, , the Association of American Universities, the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, the Institute of International Education, and the Council of Graduate Schools, November; Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001, , National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Statistics, NSF 03-320, Project Officer Joan S. Burrelli (Arlington, VA 2003). Data mined from Table 10 and Table 22; Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2002, , National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, NSF 04-303, Project Officer, Susan T. Hill (Arlington, VA 2003). Data mined from Table 7; (2002) Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime, Anything, , Final Report of the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry November; C.F.R. 120, 17 (4), p. 22; Restrictions on Research Awards: Troublesome Clauses (2004) A Report of the AAU/COGR Task Force, , April; Norris, J., (2004) Interview by authors, , Cambridge, MA, November 17, Ms, Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities; Armstrong, S.M., (2004) Lt. Gen. USAF(ret), , interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 12; Carr, C., Nielsen, E., Fitzgerald, P., (2004) Individuals from MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs who deal with ITAR compliance issues in MIT's research contracts, , (director), (associate intellectual property counsel), (asst. director for compliance) interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November, 12; (2004) Guidelines for Preparing Commodity Jurisdiction (CJ) Requests, , www.pmdtc.org/docs/cj.pdf, U.S. Department of State Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. Online. Accessed November, 23, Available; Norris, J., (2004) Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities, , interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, Ms; Powell, P., (2004) Powell is responsible for dealing with troublesome clauses in research contracts at MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, , interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 12, Mr; Russell, J., Schools balk at US vetting researchers (2003) The Boston Globe, p. 1. , 4 January sec. 1A; The Top American Research Universities (2003) The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance, , November; Norris, J., (2004) Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities, , interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, Ms; US Arms Export Control Act 2278c, , (Title 22, Chapter 39, Subchapter III); Carr, C., Nielsen, E., Fitzgerald, P., (2004) Individuals from MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs who deal with ITAR compliance issues in MIT's research contracts, , (director), (associate intellectual property counsel), (asst. director for compliance), interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November, 12; Norris, J., (2004) Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities, , interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, Ms; Summary of University Concerns with Interagency IG Report, , American Association of Universities, Council on Governmental Relations., Washington, D.C. Summary of the Interagency Inspector General report directed by the Congress in the 2000 Defense Bill; ITAR, 22 CFR § 120. 11(8); (1999) Preparation and Submission of Budget Estimates, , July 12, Office of Management and Budget; Summary of University Concerns with Interagency IG Report, , American Association of Universities, Council on Governmental Relations., Washington, D. C; Summary of University Concerns with Interagency IG Report, , American Association of Universities, Council on Governmental Relations., Washington, D. C; ITAR, 22 CFR § 120. 11(8); Knezo, G., (2004) 'Sensitive But Unclassified' and Other Federal Security Controls on Scientific and Technical Information: History and Current Controversy, , http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31845.pdf.PDF, [CRS Report for Congress]. Received through the CRS Web. Order Code RL31845. Accessed 7 November; White House Directive on Fundamental Research Exemption, , http://www.aau.edu/research/ITARNSDD189.html, NSDD-189, Contains the full text of National Security Decision Directive, 189; Vest, C.M., (2004) Response and Responsibility: Balancing Security and Openness in Research and Education, , http://web.mit.edu/president/communications/rpt01-02.pdf.PDF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Report of the President For the Academic Year 2001-2002. Accessed 17 November; Powell, P., (2004) Powell is responsible for dealing with troublesome clauses in research contracts at MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, , interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 12, Mr; Openness Vs Security In Science Research, , House Science Committee., 107th Cong. October 10, 2002 Thursday. Testimony of MIT Institute Professor Sheila Widnall before the House Science Committee; Website for the "Consolidated ITAR" US Munitions List, , https://pmdtc.org/docs/itar/itar_part_121.doc, Last Accessed Thursday, November 18, 2004; Reform of the Export Control System, , http://www.aiaaerospace.org/issues/subject/exportficontrol_summary.pdf, Aerospace Industries Association., PDF; Carr, C., Nielsen, E., Fitzgerald, P., (2004) Individuals from MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs who deal with ITAR compliance issues in MIT's research contracts, , (director), (associate intellectual property counsel), (asst. director for compliance), interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November, 12; Shea, D., (2004) Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress, , http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31695.pdf.PDF, [CRS Report for Congress]. Received through the CRS Web. Order Code RL31695. Accessed 17 November; (2004) Export Controls and Universities: Information and Case Studies, , Council on Governmental Relations, February; (2001) Response and Responsibility: Balancing Security and Openness in Research and Education, , Report of the President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March; (1997) Research Policies and Public and Private Support, , http://web.mit.edu/policies/14.3.html, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September; (2004) Export Controls and Universities: Information and Case Studies, , Council on Governmental Relations, February},
correspondence_address1={Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States},
address={Long Beach, CA},
isbn={1563477386; 9781563477386},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Collec. Technic. Pap. Space Conf. Expo.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Lee2005117,
author={Lee, D.B.I.},
title={New ideologies of everyday life in South Korean language textbooks},
journal={Struggles Over Difference: Curriculum, Texts, and Pedagogy in The Asia-Pacific},
year={2005},
pages={117-130},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650680446&partnerID=40&md5=5bea988ccec4a7002e50e6615cbddb8f},
affiliation={Department of Asian Languages and Studies, School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Queensland, Australia},
abstract={The processes and practices of economic globalization are often criticized for benefiting rich, industrialized countries, whilst disadvantaging periphery countries. There is substantial evidence that globalization has marginalized the diverse local cultures of periphery countries, though their local cultures partially affect the cultures of center countries (Sardar and Van Loon, 1997). Further, while the global economy increases its influence across borders, the legal and judicial power of individual nations over their internal economies and social and cultural development is reduced. For countries like South Korea, one of the effects of globalization has been the acceleration and extension of Western dominant culture and economic structures. The urban spaces and cultures of South Korea have increasingly come to resemble Western world culture, evidenced in its patterns of consumption, lifestyle, and media (Hahm, 2002). This is an ideologically complex process involving both powerful holdover discourses and debates, and emergent new patterns. Despite proclamations that the coming of this transnational capitalist culture led to the ostensible end of ideology, the Cold War continues in some areas like the Korean peninsula, Taiwan, and China. At the same time, the forces of globalization have faced resistance from domestic groups, peripheries, and environmentalists. What this means is that continued, unresolved issues held over from both colonialism and neocolonialism in many ways temper the complex ideological responses of South Korea to new conditions. The responses of school systems and the curriculum to these forces are worthy of close examination. On the one hand, there is a strong push (just as there is in other places) towards a new human capital model, whereby students would be prepared for participation in transnational, corporate, information-based economies. This new version of the human capital rationale has been the cornerstone of educational policy in Hong Kong, Singapore, and indeed, South Korea. On the other hand, there remain complex issues surrounding cultural identity, history, and the postcolonial representation of South Korean society in not only the school curriculum, but more specifically, in textbooks. In this chapter, therefore, I will investigate how South Korean language textbooks cope with global changes, and how they have begun to construct new versions of South Korean students and South Korean culture. My aim here is to try to document the complex ideological mix represented in textbooks around the issues of ecology, consumption, leisure, and, ultimately, national identity and social cohesion. © 2005 State University of New York. All rights reserved.},
references={Baker, C.D., Freebody, P., (1989) Children's First School Books: Introductions to the Culture of Literacy, , Oxford: Blackwell; Beck, U., (1992) Risk Society, , London: Verso; (2001) Kugö Chogub 1(ha), , Chongryun Sangimwiwonhoi Kyokwaseo Pyunchan Wiwonhoi [North Korean Japanese Committee for Textbook Publishing]. [Korean beginning 1(b)]. Tokyo: Hakwooseobang; Fairclough, N., (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language, , London: Longman; Featherstone, M., (1990) Global Culture, , Ed. London: Sage; Hahm, C.B., Clash of civilizations or cultural convergence?: Lessons from korean history (2002) Korea's Interface with the World: Past, Present and Future, pp. 354-365. , Korea Foundation (Ed.), Seoul: Ji Moon Dang; Kong, J.S., (2002) Korea Has the Greatest Percentage of Expenditure on Education, , http://www.donga.com/fbin/output?f_todaynews&code_b_& n_200211110234&main_1, Retrieved November 11, 2002, from; (1991) Kugö 2-1 Ilki, , Kyoyukbu [Ministry of Education]. [National language 2-1: Reading]. Seoul: Daehan Printing & Publishing; Kyoyukbu, (1992) Kugö 2-1 Malhaki Dudki, , National language 2-1: Speaking and listening. Seoul: Daehan Printing & Publishing; Kyoyukbu, (1994) Kugö 1-1 Malhaki Dudki, , National language 1-1: Speaking and listening]. Seoul: Daehan Printing & Publishing; Kyoyukbu, (1999) Kugö 1-1 Ilki, , National language 1-1: Reading. Seoul: National Textbook Publishing; Lee, D.B., (2000) The Ideological Construction of Culture in Korean Language Textbooks: A Historical Discourse Analysis, , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland; Luke, A., (1988) Literacy, Textbooks and Ideology: Postwar Literacy Instruction and the Mythology of Dick and Jane, , London: Falmer Press; MacDonald, D.S., (1990) The Koreans: Contemporary Politics and Society, , Oxford: Westview Press; (2000) 1999 Hankuk Kyoungjeui Hoikowa Kwaje, , Samsung Economic Research Institute [The 1999 Korean economy in retrospect and the way forward]. Seoul: Author; Sardar, Z., Van Loon, B., (1997) Cultural Studies for Beginners, , Cambridge: Icon Book; Whitty, G., (1985) Sociology and School Knowledge, , London: Methuen; Wilson, B., Social outcomes, power and education (1990) Curriculum Perspectives, 10 (2), pp. 1-9},
correspondence_address1={Lee, D.B.I.; Department of Asian Languages and Studies, Australia},
publisher={State University of New York Press},
isbn={0791463974; 9780791463970},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Struggles Over Difference: Curriculum, Texts, and Pedagogy in The Asia-Pac.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Turčić2005101,
author={Turčić, Z.},
title={Financing Croatian shipping industry by means of credit leasing [Financiranje hrvatskog brodarstva kreditnim leasingom]},
journal={Nase More},
year={2005},
volume={52},
number={3-4},
pages={101-108},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34347381959&partnerID=40&md5=45e5204fb649772f251f2a0179ba8c25},
affiliation={Hrvatskih cesta, Širolina 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia},
abstract={Global economy is the imperative of present way of doing business in the world. Therefore it is easy to understand why young Croatian government has chosen global and liberal international exchange policy of export propulsive strategy that was grounded upon private property and capital production-wise market relationship. Not adequately chosen model of privatisation with the elements of primary capital accumulation, bad operations of legislation, numerous exogenous parameters, especially great casualties and enormous war devastation Croatia experienced during Croatian War of Independence, as well as market of former Yugoslavia lost, caused zero growth and sometimes negative trends of the economy. Negative trends were especially shown in Croatian shipping industry. This industry is very relevant for citizens of south Croatia. Therefore the financing of Croatian shipping industry and its emerging from economic crises especially by means of credit leasing will be the topic of these analyses.},
author_keywords={Credit;  Deficit;  Foreign currency;  Leasing;  Management;  Merchant marine;  Ship;  Shipping industry;  Stagnation},
keywords={Economics;  Finance;  Freight transportation;  International law;  Laws and legislation;  Privatization, capital;  credit provision;  currency;  economic growth;  export;  finance;  global economy;  international trade;  merchant ship;  privatization;  shipping, Croatia;  Eurasia;  Europe;  Southern Europe;  Yugoslavia (pre-1992)},
references={Andrijanić, I., (1999) Vanjska trgovina, , Mikrorad, Zagreb; Antonijević, Z., Petrović i, M., Peričević, B., (1982) Bankarsko pravo, , SA, Beograd; Borić, A., (2001) Medunarodna privreda, , Logos, Split; Delibašić, T., (2002) Ekonomski aspekt suvremene pomorsko-turističke plovidbe, Novi turizam, , Rijeka; I. Družić, Hrvatski gospodarski razvoj, E. F. Zagreb, 2003; Glavan, B., (1992) Ekonomika morskog brodarstva, , Školska knjiga, Zagreb; Godišnje izvješće HNB, (2003), Zagreb; Knego, N., (2004) Medunarodni privredni menadžment, , Ekonomski fakultet, Bihać; Konjhodžić, A.H., (2005) Utjecaj leasing poslova na vanjskotrgovinsku razmjenu u Republici Hrvatskoj, , Ekonomski fakultet, Zagreb; Konjhodžić, A.H., (2000) Leasing i njegova obilježja, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, (BR. 13). , Mostar; Lauré, M., (1977) L'apport du creditbail aux tehniques financieres, societé Générale, , Paris; Masnjak, B., Leasing kao vanjskotrgovački oblik poslovanja, RiF, (BR. 11 98)},
correspondence_address1={Turčić, Z.; Hrvatskih cesta, Širolina 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia},
issn={04696255},
language={Croatian},
abbrev_source_title={Nase More},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hodkinson200536,
author={Hodkinson, S.},
title={Is there a new trade union internationalism? The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions' response to globalization, 1996-2002},
journal={Labour, Capital and Society},
year={2005},
volume={38},
number={1-2},
pages={36-65},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33746239518&partnerID=40&md5=071c53beaddd68851fed04922a7c4e8f},
affiliation={University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom},
abstract={Since the end of the Cold War and the consolidation of neoliberal globalization, trade unions have been forced to think and act out-side the confines of the nation-state. Recent literature argues that in response, a 'new labour internationalism' (NLI) is emerging across the global economy. Drawing on a case study of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions' (ICFTU) campaign for a social clause in the World Trade Organization (WTO), this article argues that notions of a NLI within the official structures of international trade unionism are premature. It finds that the ICFTU has undergone a difficult process of political, financial, and organizational retrenchment, reorganization and modernization, and has partially opened up its decision-making structures to greater internal scrutiny and democratic participation. Beneath the surface, however, the ICFTU's new symbolic orientation to alliance building and membership mobilization is a largely strategic manoeuvre to cope with its weakened status within both the international corridors of power and the radical contours of the 'global justice movement'. Overall, the ICFTU remains embedded in the core ideology and methodology of the 'old labour internationalism' (OLI).},
keywords={decision making;  free trade;  global economy;  globalization;  international cooperation;  neoliberalism;  trade union;  World Trade Organization},
references={Anner, M., "Evaluation Report: ICFTU Campaign for Core Labor Standards in the WTO" (2001), Unpublished internal report. Norway: LO-Norway. Mimeographed; Ashwin, S., "International Labour Solidarity After The Cold War" (2000) Global Social Movements, pp. 101-116. , Cohen, R. and S. Rai, (eds.), London: Athlone; Bendiner, B., (1987) International Labour Affairs: The World Trade Unions and the Multinational Companies, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Bullard, N., "The World's Workers Needs Solidarity Not Sanctions" (2000) Development, 43 (2), pp. 31-35; Carew, A., Dreyfus, M., Van Goethem, G., Gumbrell-McCormick, R., van der Linden, M., (2000) The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, , (eds.). Bern: Peter Lang; Carew, A., "The World Federation of Trade Unions: A False Dawn (1945-1949)" (2000) International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, pp. 165-186. , Carew et al; De Wilde, B., (2001) The Past and Future of International Trade Unionism. International Conference, , (ed.). Belgium, May 19-20 2000, ACTA Gent: IALHI; (2001) Bangkok International Roundtable of Unions, Social Movements and NG0s, , Focus on the Global South and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. 11-13 March 2001 Bangkok: Focus on the Global South; Gallin, D., (1994), Report to the ITSs on the ICFTU Steering Committee Meeting, Brussels, 6 December. Unpublished archives. Geneva: Global Labour Institute; Gallin, D., "Trade Unions and NGOs in Social development - A Necessary Partnership" (2000), Geneva: UNRISD; Gallin, D., "Propositions on trade unions and informal employment in times of globalization" (2001) Antipode, 33 (3), pp. 531-549; Gallin, D., "Labor as a Global Social Force: Past Divisions and New Tasks" (2002) Global Unions?, pp. 235-250. , Harrod and O'Brien; Greenfield, G., "Global Business Unionism" (1996) Asian Labour Update, , (Aug-Oct); Greenfield, G., 'The ICFTU and the Politics of Compromise' (1998) Rising from the Ashes? Labor in the Age of "Global" Capitalism, pp. 180-189. , Meiksins Wood, E., P. Meiksins, & M. Yates, (eds.). 1998. New York: Monthly Review; Greenfield, G., "Union Responses to Negotiations on the WTO Agreement on Agriculture: A Strategy of Exclusion" (1999), Discussion Paper, May. Mimeographed; Gumbrell-McCormick, R., "The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (1972-1996)" (2000) International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, , Carew et al; Gumbrell-McCormick, R., "Regions and Regionalism in International Trade Unionism" (2001) Past and Future of International Trade Unionism, pp. 189-197. , De Wilde, Bart; Haworth, N., Ramsay, H., "Workers of the World Untied: International Capital and Some Dilemmas in Industrial Democracy" (1988) Trade Unions and the New Industrialization of the Third World, pp. 306-321. , London: Zed Books Southall, R.(ed.); Harrod, J., O'Brien, R., (2002) Global Unions? Theory and Strategies of Organized Labor in the Global Political Economy, , (eds.). London, New York: Routledge; Herod, A., (2001) Labor Geographies: Workers and the Landscapes of Capitalism, , London, New York: The Guildford Press; Hodkinson, S., "ProblemsΛabor: Towards a Net-Internationalism?" (2004) Electronic Democracy: Mobilization, Organization and Participation Via New ICTs, pp. 153-169. , Gibson, R. K, A. Römmele, & S. J. Ward, (eds.), London, New York: Routledge; (1972) Report Ofthe ICFTU's 10th World Congress, , ICFTU. London 10-14 July. Brussels: ICFTU; (1974), ICFTU Minutes of ICFTU/ITS Working Party on Multinational Companies, 13-15 June, Unpublished archives. Brussels: ICFTU; (1996) Report of the 16th ICFTU World Congress, , ICFTU. Brussels: ICFTU; (1998) ICFTU Seminar on Globalization, Investment and Labour Standards, , ICFTU. Geneva, 7-9 December 1998, Discussion document, Unpublished archives. Brussels: ICFTU; "Statement on the Agenda for the Third Ministerial Conferences of the WTO" (1999), ICFTU. Seattle, USA. Brussels: ICFTU; "Statement on the Agenda for the 4th Ministerial Conference of the WTO, Qatar, 9-13 November 2001" (2001), ICFTU. Brussels: ICFTU; "No voice at the WTO" (2001), ICFTU. Press Release, Doha, 9 November. Brussels: ICFTU; "Report on Activities, 1999-2003" (2004), ICFTU. Brussels: ICFTU; "No consensus on new round despite release of pre-Doha drafts" (2001) Bridges Monthly Review, 5 (8), pp. 1-2. , ICTSD. 23; Jakobsen, K.A., "Rethinking the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and its Inter-American Regional Organization" (2001) Antipode, 33 (3), pp. 363-383; Kearney, N., "Trade Unions and the WTO - Where Now?" (2002), www.itglwf.org, Statement to the ICFTU TILS Task Force Meeting, 19-21 February, Geneva; Lambert, R., Webster, E., "Southern unionism and the New Labour Internationalism" (2001) Antipode, 33 (3), pp. 337-362; Levinson, C., (1972) International Trade Unionism, , London: Allen & Unwin; MacShane, D., (1992) International Labour and the Origins of the Cold War, , Oxford: Clarendon; Mazur, J., "Labor's New Internationalism" (2000) Foreign Affairs, 79 (1). , (January/February); Moody, K., (1997) Workers in a Lean World: Unions in the International Economy, , London, New York: Verso; Munck, R., (2002) Globalization and Labour: Towards the Next 'Great Transformation', , London: Zed Books; (2003) We Are Everywhere: The Irresistible Rise of Global Anti-Capitalism, , Notes from Nowhere Collective. London, New York: Verso; O'Brien, R., "Workers and World Order: The Tentative Transformation of the International Union Movement" (2000) Review of International Studies, 26 (4), pp. 533-555; O'Brien, R., "The World Trade Organization and Labor" (2000) Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements, pp. 67-108. , O'Brien, R., A. M. Goetz, J. A. Scholte, M. Williams, (eds.), Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; "WTO Shrink or Sink! The Turn-around Agenda, International Civil Society Sign on Letter" (2000), www.tradewatch.org, Our World is Not For Sales. March; Panitch, L., "Reflections on Strategy for Labour" (2000) Socialist Register 2001: Working Classes, Global Realities, pp. 367-392. , Panitch, Leo, and Leys, Colin, London: Merlin Press; Reinalda, B., "The Anatomy of the Major Twentieth-Century International Trade Union Federation" (2001) Past and Future of International Trade Unionism, pp. 25-45. , De Wilde; Ruggie, J.G., "International Regimes, Transactions and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order" (1982) International Organization, 36 (2), pp. 379-415; Sims, B., (1992) Workers of the World Undermined: American Labor's Role in U.S. Foreign Policy, , Cambridge MA: South End Press; "European civil society coming of age" (2002), Solidar. May. Brussels: Solidar; Spooner, D., "Trade unions and NGOs: The need for cooperation" (2004) Development in Practice, 14 (1). , www.ifwea.org; Thomson, D., Larson, R., (1978) Where Were You, Brother? An Account of Trade Union Imperialism, , London: War on Want; Tudor, O., Gurney, S., "What's going on in the world of unions?" (2005) International Union Rights, 12 (1), p. 17; Van Roozendaal, G., (2002) Trade Unions and Global Governance: The Debate on a Social Clause, , London, New York: Continuum; Waterman, P., "Trade Union Internationalism in the Age of Seattle" (2001) Antipode, 33 (3), pp. 312-336; Waterman, P., Timms, J., (2004) "Trade Union Internationalism and a Global Civil Society in the Making", pp. 178-202. , (eds.). Anheier, H., & M. Glasius, M. Kaldor (eds). Global Civil Society 2004/5. London: Sage; Weiler, P., (1988) British Labor and the Cold War, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Wilkinson, R., (2000) Multilateralism and the World Trade Organization: The Architecture and Extension of International Trade Regulation, , London, New York: Routledge; Wilkinson, R., Hughes, S., "Labor Standards and Global Governance: Examining the Dimensions of Institutional Engagement" (2000) Global Governance, 6 (2), pp. 259-277; (1996) Trade Liberalization and the Rights of Women Workers: Are Social Clauses the Answer?, , Women Working Worldwide. Manchester: Women Working Worldwide; (1996) "Ministerial Declaration, WTO Ministerial Conference, First Session, Singapore", , WTO. Geneva: WTO},
correspondence_address1={Hodkinson, S.; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom},
issn={07061706},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Labour Cap. Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Broniatowski20051512,
author={Broniatowski, D.A. and Jordan, N.C. and Long, A.M. and Richards, M.G. and Weibel, R.E.},
title={Balancing the needs for space research and national security in the ITAR},
journal={Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Space 2005 Conference and Exposition},
year={2005},
volume={3},
pages={1512-1528},
note={cited By 4; Conference of AIAA Space 2005 Conference and Exposition ; Conference Date: 30 August 2005 Through 1 September 2005;  Conference Code:66179},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29544440248&partnerID=40&md5=87cd333d63336b1c9def2b558bf70ccc},
affiliation={Massachusetts Institute of Technologv, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Aeronautics and Astronautics/Technology and Policy Program, 77 Massachusetts Ave., United States; AIAA, United States; Aeronautics and Astronautics/Technology and Policy Program, United States; Aeronautics and Astronautics, 77 Massachusetts Ave., United States},
abstract={Current export control policies, drafted during the Cold War, require reassessment, in light of fundamental changes in the international security environment. The interconnectedness of the global economy, brought about by new technologies that facilitate international collaboration and knowledge sharing, is challenging the American export control framework. Underlying is a tension between the needs for innovation, driven by the free exchange of ideas, and security needs, aiming to prevent potentially sensitive knowledge and hardware from falling into the wrong hands. Academic space research institutions are particularly affected by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) United States Munitions List, which controls broad categories of space systems. Many members of the academic community champion a reactionary approach whereby restricting research in a given area requires that a risk be demonstrated. This stands in contrast to the precautionary approach towards the proliferation of space technology embodied in the ITAR wherein the risk of technology transfer is mitigated through the liberal use of restrictions, controls and State Department oversight. Effective export controls must balance the benefits of requiring that certain technologies be used exclusively by certain U.S. interests with the danger of undermining future innovation. A notional model, supported by interviews and analyses, describes the long- and short-term effects of ITAR upon national security. The notional model provides valuable insight into the dynamics of short- and long- term national security needs and the influence of export control on those needs. Further refinement of the model will allow the influence of potential changes in ITAR procedures to be evaluated and understood. The effects on national security of strengthening or relaxing components of export restrictions can be understood through an expansion of the model and by holding interviews with a variety of stakeholders involved in the innovation, legislation, and enforcement processes.},
keywords={Control policies;  Global economy;  International security environment;  Knowledge sharing, Computer hardware;  Economic and social effects;  International cooperation;  Knowledge engineering;  Public policy;  Security systems;  Technology transfer, Space research},
references={Aircraft Carriers, , http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/index.html; Fernandez, A., (2004) Military Role in Space Control: A Primer, , CRS Report for Congress. September 23; (1982) Scientific Communication and National Security, pp. 14-15. , National Academy of Sciences; http://www.iraqcrisisbulletin.com/archives/032603/html/ u_s_says_iraq_gps_jamming_sit.html; Paarlberg, R., Knowledge as power: Science, military dominance, and U.S. security (2004) International Security, 29 (1), p. 145. , Summer; Arms Export Control Act, 22. , U.S.C. § 2778(a)(1); ITAR, 22 CFR § 121; (1998) Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, , Public Law 105-261, 105th Cong., Sec. 1513; ITAR, 22 CFR § 126.1; ITAR, 22 CFR § 123.1; ITAR, 22 CFR § 125.4(d)(1)(ii); (1985) National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical, and Engineering Information, , National Security Decision Directive 189. (NSDD-189). September 21; Condoleezza Rice. Letter to Dr. Harold Brown, Co-Chariman, Center for Strategic & International Studies. November 10, 2001; ITAR, 22 CFR § 120.11(8); International traffic in arms regulations: Exemptions for U.S. institutions of higher learning (2002) Federal Register, 67 (61). , http://www.wrf.com/db30/cgi-bin/pubs/UniversityBasedResearch.pdf, 22 CFR Parts 123 and 125, [Public Notice 3954], Friday, March 29, Rules and Regulations; M.R.C. Greenwood, Chancellor, University of California, Santa Cruz, Testimony Before the House Committee on Science, Washington, D.C., October 10, 2002; Academic freedom and national security in a time of crisis (2003) Academe, 89 (6), pp. 34-59. , November-December; Report of the committee A for 1943 (1944) Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors, p. 13. , February; (2002) In the Public Interest: Report of the Ad Hoc Faculty Committee on Access to and Disclosure of Scientific Information, , MIT, June; Widnall, S., (2002) Testimony before the House Committee on Science, , Washington, D.C., October 10; Innovate America (2004) National Innovation Initiative Interim Report, , July; Wagner, C., Yezril, A., Hassell, S., (2000) International Cooperation in Research and Development, , RAND Corporation, MR-1248-OSTP; Paarlberg, R., Knowledge as power (2004) International Security, 29 (1), pp. 122-151. , Summer; Paarlberg, R., Knowledge as power (2004) International Security, 29 (1), pp. 122-151; http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/release.htm, The survey data from the National Science Foundation is published eighteen months to two years after the data is gathered. Data from the academic year 2002 is immediately forthcoming. Release dates can be found; (2004) Survey of Foreign Student and Scholar Enrollment and Visa Trends for Fall 2004, , conducted jointly by NAFSA: Association of International Educators, the Association of American Universities, the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, the Institute of International Education, and the Council of Graduate Schools, November; (2003) Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001, , NSF 03-320, Project Officer Joan S. Burrelli (Arlington, VA) Data mined from Table 10 and Table 22; (2003) Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2002, , NSF 04-303, Project Officer, Susan T. Hill (Arlington, VA) Data mined from Table 7; Anyone, anywhere, anytime, anything (2002) Final Report of the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry, , November; 22 C.F.R. 120.17(4); Restrictions on research awards: Troublesome clauses (2004) A Report of the AAU/COGR Task Force, , April; Julie Norris, interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, 2004. Ms. Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities; Spence M. Armstrong, Lt. Gen. USAF(ret),interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 12, 2004; Carol Carr (associate intellectual property counsel), Eileen Nielsen (asst. director for compliance), and Patrick Fitzgerald (director), interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November, 12, 2004. Individuals from MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs who deal with ITAR compliance issues in MIT's research contracts; (2004) Guidelines for Preparing Commodity Jurisdiction (CJ) Requests, , www.pmdtc.org/docs/cj.pdf, U.S. Department of State Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. Online. Accessed November, 23; Julie Norris, interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, 2004. Ms. Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities; Paul Powell, interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 12, 2004. Mr. Powell is responsible for dealing with troublesome clauses in research contracts at MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs; Russell, J., Schools balk at US vetting researchers (2003) The Boston Globe, p. 1. , sec. 1A 4 January; (2003) The Top American Research Universities, , The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance, November; Julie Norris, interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, 2004. Ms. Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities; US Arms Export Control Act 2278c (Title 22, Chapter 39, Subchapter III); Carol Carr (associate intellectual property counsel), Eileen Nielsen (asst. director for compliance), and Patrick Fitzgerald (director), interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November, 12, 2004. Individuals from MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs who deal with ITAR compliance issues in MIT's research contracts; Julie Morris, interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 17, 2004. Ms. Norris is the director emeritus of MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs, and an expert on export controls in universities; Summary of University Concerns with Interagency IG Report, , Washington, D.C. Summary of the Interagency Inspector General report directed by the Congress in the 2000 Defense Bill; ITAR, 22 CFR § 120.11(8); (1999) Preparation and Submission of Budget Estimates, , July 12; Summary of University Concerns with Interagency IG Report, , Washington, D.C; Summary of University Concerns with Interagency IG Report; ITAR, 22 CFR § 120.11(8); Knezo, G., "Sensitive but unclassified" and other federal security controls on scientific and technical information: History and current controversy CRS Report for Congress, , http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31845.pdf.PDF, Received through the CRS Web. Order Code RL31845. Accessed 7 November 2004; White House Directive on Fundamental Research Exemption, , http://www.aau.edu/research/ITAR-NSDD189.html, NSDD-189, Contains the full text of National Security Decision Directive, 189; Vest, C.M., Response and responsibility: Balancing security and openness in research and education Massachusetts Institute of Technology Report of the President for the Academic Year 2001-2002, , http://web.mit.edu/president/communications/rpt01-02.pdf.PDF, Accessed 17 November 2004; Paul Powell, interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November 12, 2004. Mr. Powell is responsible for dealing with troublesome clauses in research contracts at MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs; (2002) OPENNESS VS SECURITY in SCIENCE RESEARCH. 107th Cong., 10. , Thursday. Testimony of MIT Institute Professor Sheila Widnall before the House Science Committee; Website for the "Consolidated ITAR" US Munitions List, , https://pmdtc.org/docs/itar/itar_part_121.doc, Last Accessed Thursday, November 18, 2004; Reform of the Export Control System, , http://www.aia-aerospace.org/issues/subject/export_control_summary.pdf, PDF; Carol Carr (associate intellectual property counsel), Eileen Nielsen (asst. director for compliance), and Patrick Fitzgerald (director), interview by authors, Cambridge, MA, November, 12, 2004. Individuals from MIT's Office of Sponsored Programs who deal with ITAR compliance issues in MIT's research contracts; Shea, D., Balancing scientific publication and national security concerns: Issues for congress CRS Report for Congress, , http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL31695.pdf.PDF, Received through the CRS Web. Order Code RL31695. Accessed 17 November 2004; (2004) Export Controls and Universities: Information and Case Studies, , Council on Governmental Relations, February; Response and responsibility: Balancing security and openness in research and education (2001) Report of the President, , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March; (1997) Research Policies and Public and Private Support, , http://web.mit.edu/policies/14.3.html, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September; (2004) Export Controls and Universities: Information and Case Studies, , Council on Governmental Relations, February},
correspondence_address1={Broniatowski, D.A.; Massachusetts Institute of Technologv, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; email: david@mit.edu},
address={Long Beach, CA},
isbn={1563477386; 9781563477386},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Collec. Technic. Pap. Space Conf. Expo.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sudbury2005162,
author={Sudbury, J.},
title={Celling black bodies: Black women in the global prison industrial complex},
journal={Feminist Review},
year={2005},
number={80},
pages={162-179},
doi={10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400215},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22144435158&doi=10.1057%2fpalgrave.fr.9400215&partnerID=40&md5=ab7225ce368bb9b5c5f8b70d182c1005},
affiliation={Mills College, Oakland, United States},
abstract={The past two decades have witnessed an explosion in the population of women prisoners in Europe, North America and Australasia, accompanied by a boom in prison construction. This article argues that this new pattern of women's incarceration has been forged by three overlapping phenomena. The first is the fundamental shift in the role of the state that has occurred as a result of the neo-liberal globalization. The second and related phenomenon is the emergence and subsequent global expansion of what has been labeled a 'prison industrial complex' made up of a intricate web of relations between state penal institutions, politicians and profit-driven prison corporations. The third is the emergence of a US-led global war on drugs which is symbiotically related and mutually constituted by the transnational trade in criminalized drugs. These new regimes of accumulation and discipline, I argue, build on older systems of racist and patriarchal exploitation to ensure the super-exploitation of black women within the global prison industrial complex. The article calls for a new anti-racist feminist analysis that explores how the complex matrix of race, class, gender and nationality meshes with contemporary globalized geo-political and economic realities. The prison industrial complex plays a critical role in sustaining the viability of the new global economy and black women are increasingly becoming the raw material that fuels its expansion and profitability. The article seeks to reveal the profitable synergies between drug enforcement, the prison industry, international financial institutions, media and politicians that are sending women to prison in ever increasing numbers. © 2005 Feminist Review.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Prison industrial complex;  War on drugs},
references={Albrecht, H.-J., The international system of drug control: Developments and trends (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and its Alternatives, , G. Jurg and E. Hensen (2001) (editors), New York and London: Garland Publishing; Bacon, W., Pillemer, T., (2000) Violence Blamed as Women Fill Prison, , www.smh.com.au/news/001/08/national/national1.html, Sydney Morning Herald, January 8; Bean, P., American influence on British drug policy (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and its Alternatives, , G. Jurg and E. Hensen (2001) editors, New York and London: Garland Publishing; (2000) Aboriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System, , Ottawa; Churchill, W., (1990) Cointelpro Papers: Documents from the FBIs Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent, , Boston: South End Press; (1994) Racism behind Bars, , Toronto: Queens Printers; Currie, E., (1998) Crime and Punishment in America, , New York: Henry Holt and Co; Davis, A.Y., Race and criminalization: Black Americans and the punishment industry (1998) The Angela Y. Daw's Reader, , J. James (1998) editor, Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishers; Dyer, J., (2000) The Perpetual Prisoner Machine: How America Profits from Crime, , Boulder, Co: Westview Press; (1998) Women in Criminal Justice: A Twenty Year Update, , http://www.usdoj.gov/reports/98Guide/wcjc98/execsumm.htm, accessed July 13, 2001; Elkins, M., Gray, C., Rogers, K., (2001) Prison Population Brief England and Wales April 2001, , Home Office Research Development Statistics: London; Friman, H.R., (1996) Narcodiplomacy: Exporting the US War on Drugs, , Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; Goldberg, E., Linda, E., (1998) The Prison Industrial Complex and the Global Economy, , Berkeley, CA: Agit Press; Hannah-Moffatt, K., Shaw, M., (2000) An Ideal Prison?: Critical Essays on Women's Imprisonment in Canada, , Halifax: Fernwood Publishing; Harper, R., Murphy, R., (1999) Drug Smuggling: An Analysis of the Traffickers 19991-1997, , London: Middlesex Probation Service; Harrison, F.V., Women in Jamaica's urban informal economy (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, , Mohanty, Chandra T., A. Russo and L. Torres (1991) edtors, Indiana University Press; (1982) Prison Statistics England and Wales 1980, , London: HMSO; Joyce, E., Cocaine trafficking and British foreign policy (1998) Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade, , J. Elizabeth and C. Malamud (1998) editors, Basingstoke: MacMillan Press; Kempadoo, K., (1999) Sun, Sex and Gold, , (1998) editor, Rowman and Littlefield Publishing; Klein, N., (2001) No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, , Toronto: Vintage Canada; Martin, W., Privatizing prisons from the USA to SA: Controlling dangerous Africans across the Atlantic (2001) ACAS Bulletin, , http://acas.prairienet.org/Wackenhutv5.htm, Winter 2001 #59; Morgan, R., New labour 'law and order' politics and the house of commons home affairs committee report on alternatives to prison sentences (1999) Punishment and Society, (1). , July 1; Oliver, M., Shapiro, T., (1995) Black Wealth, White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality, , www.parliament.nsw.gov.au, London and New York: Routledge. Parliament of New South Wales, Select Committee on the Increase in Prisoner Population, accessed July 4, 2001; Phizacklea, A., (1990) Unpacking the Fashion Industry: Gender, Racism and Class in Production, , London and New York: Routledge; (1996) Labour to Halt New Private Prisons, , Prison Privatisation Report International, London: Prison Reform Trust; (1998) UK Profits, , Prison Privatisation Report International. Nov/Dec; (1998) Labour's Prison U-turn Complete', , Prison Privatisation Report International. June; (2000) Justice for Women: The Need for Reform, , Prison Reform Trust, London: Prison Reform Trust; Richie, B., (1996) Compelled to Crime: The Gender Entrapment of Battered Black Women, , London and New York: Routledge; Rojas, P.M., Complex facts (1998) Colorlines, (FALL); Rose, D., Opium of the people (2001) The Guardian Sunday, , July 8th; Speller, A., (1996) Private Sector Involvement in Prisons, , London: Church House Publishing; Smith, K., (1999) From the Desk of Kemba Smith, , www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/8899/pen.html, December 13, 1999; Sudbury, J., Transatlantic visions: Resisting the globalization of mass incarceration (2000) Social Justice Winter; Sudbury, J., Globalisation, incarcerated black women/ women of colour and the challenge to feminist scholarship (2001) Women's Studies Network, , forthcoming; Waters, M., (1998) Congressional Black Caucus Blasts President's Crack/ Powder Cocaine Sentencing Recommendations, , Press Release, July 22, 1998; Yeoman, B., (2000) Steeltown Lockdown, , Mother Jones May/June 2000; Young, P., (1987) The Prison Cell, , London: Adam Smith Institute; Van Der Veen, H., (2000) The International Drug Complex, , Amsterdam: Center for Drug Research, University of Amsterdam},
correspondence_address1={Mills College, Oakland, United States},
issn={01417789},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fem. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dutta2005352,
author={Dutta, M.},
title={The theory of optimum currency area revisited: Lessons from the euro/dollar competitive currency regimes},
journal={Journal of Asian Economics},
year={2005},
volume={16},
number={3},
pages={352-375},
doi={10.1016/j.asieco.2005.04.012},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20944444690&doi=10.1016%2fj.asieco.2005.04.012&partnerID=40&md5=a7806bb0aa46b5021712290558943bcd},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 75 Hamilton Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1248, United States},
abstract={This paper presents an analytic paradigm of the euro/dollar competitive currency regimes and relates it to the concept of optimum currency area. It is argued that the competitive value of a currency in the global market depends on the shares of world output and trade it represents. In the post-WWII decades the dollar was the king as it represented competitively very large shares of world output and trade, no other currency regime coming close to it. With the progression of the European Union, leading to Europeanization of Europe, one common economic unit with its well-defined micro-and-macro economic parameters has been placed on the continental geographic unit of Europe. Of course, only 12 of the original 15 EU member economies have voluntarily surrendered their monetary sovereignty to become members of the euro regime. The 3 out-members and the 10 new members have yet to join the euro club. We begin our study with the EU-12 who have adopted euro as their common currency under one common central bank, The European Central Bank (ECB), and extend our analysis to the EU-15 and the EU-25. The euro has progressively become a global currency as its shares of world output and trade have become competitively large. Thus, the euro/dollar competitive currency regimes present a choice of optimum currency areas for the global economy. The concept of geo-economics has replaced the Cold War concept of geo-politics. The European Union is based on the principle of competition and the euro/dollar competitive currency regimes will contribute to the optimization of economic gains for all micro units - households as well as business units - in the two currency regimes and also in the rest of the world. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Currency regime;  European Union (EU-12; EU-15 and EU-25);  Geo-economics;  Optimum currency area},
references={De Grauwe, P., (1997) The Economics of Monetary Integration, p. 228. , Oxford University Press; Dutta, M., Some econometrics of India's foreign sector (1962), Doctoral Dissertation at the University of Pennsylvania; Dutta, M., The import structure of India 1900-1946 (1965) Review of Economics & Statistics, 47 (3), pp. 295-300; Dutta, M., Import structure of India - Revisited (1976) Review of Economics & Statistics, 58 (3), pp. 384-385; Dutta, M., Economic regionalism in Western Europe: Asia-Pacific economies - Macroeconomic core and microeconomic optimization (1992) American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 82 (2), pp. 67-73; Dutta, M., Macroeconomics - Supranational macroeconomic core (1995) Economics Econometrics and the LINK - Essays in Honor of Lawrence R. Klein, pp. 59-73. , North-Holland-Elsevier Amsterdam; Dutta, M., (1999) Economic Regionalization in the Asia-Pacific: Challenges to Economic Cooperation, p. 318. , London, UK: Edward Elgar. (out of print); Dutta, M., Seminar on the EU and the Euro Revolution: The theory of optimum currency area revisited (2000), Washington, DC: George Washington University; Dutta, M., The euro revolution and the European Union: Monetary and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific (2000) Journal of Asian Economics, 11 (1), pp. 65-88. , (Translated and published in Japanese and abridged versions in Korean and Chinese); Dutta, M., Seminar on the EU and the Euro Revolution: The theory of optimum currency area revisited (2001), Boulder, CO: University of Colorado; Dutta, M., The EU and the Euro Revolution: The theory of optimum currency area revisited (2002), An Invited Lecture at The Bologna Center of the Johns Hopkins University, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Bologna University Campus, Bologna, Italy. Published as Working Paper by the Center in 2004; Dutta, M., Asian Economic Community; intra-community macro-and-micro-economic parameters (2002) Journal of Asian Economics, 13 (4), pp. 447-491; Dutta, M., Restructuring Breton Woods International Financial Structure (2002), An invited presentation at the workshop, sponsored by The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) at UN HQ in New York City, April 4; Fuerbringer, J., (2004) The New York Times, , November 6; Hesse, H., ECU - Now and later: Some considerations after Maastricht (1993) Journal of Asian Economics, 4 (1), pp. 139-152; Issing, O., (1996) Europe: Political Union Through Common Money, , (Occasional Paper # 98). London, UK: Institute of Economic Affairs; Issing, O., The euro area economy on its way to the new millennium (1999) Deutsche Bundesbank, 31, pp. 7-13. , May 10; Issing, O., The euro - The experience of the past two years (2002) Journal of Asian Economics, 12 (1), pp. 1-20; Kindleberger, C.P., The presidential address (1985) American Economic Review; Letiche, J.M., Maastricht: Prospect and retrospect (1997) Journal of Asian Economics, 4 (1), pp. 191-206; Letiche, J.M., Lessons from the euro zone for the East Asian economies (2000) Journal of Asian Economics, 11 (3), pp. 275-300; Linnemann, H., (1966) An Econometric Study of International Trade Flows, p. 234. , Amsterdam: North Holland Pub. Co; Monnet, J., Memoirs (1978), (English translation). London: Collins; Mundell, R., A theory of optimum currency area (1961) American Economic Review, 51 (4), pp. 657-665; Mundell, R., The economics of common currencies (1970) The Economics of Common Currencies, pp. 114-132. , Johnson & Swoboda (Eds.) Allen & Unwin; Mundell, R., Optimum currency areas: New analytical and policy development (1999) Optimum Currency Areas: New Analytical and Policy Development, , Blejer (Ed.) IMF Washington; Mundell, R., Prospects for an Asian Currency Area (2003) Journal of Asian Economics, 14 (1), pp. 1-10. , (Reprinted in Asian economic cooperation in the new millennium: China's economic presence, pp. 43-55, by Wiemer & Cao, Eds., Singapore: World Scientific Publishing); Norris, F., (2005) The New York Times, , January 03; Obstfeld, M., International currency experience: New lessons and lesson relearned (1999), pp. 119-220. , Brookings Paper on Economic Activity No. 1; Okita, S., Policy approaches to the problem (1989) One World or Several?, pp. 41-50. , L. Emmerij (Ed.) OECD Development Center Paris; Temperton, P., (1998) The Euro, , UK: John Wiley & Sons; Vanthoor, W.F.V., (2002) European Monetary Union Since 1848: A Political and Historical Analysis, , Cheltanham, UK: Edward Elgar; Welsh, M., (1999) Europe United?, , UK: St. Martin Press},
correspondence_address1={Dutta, M.; Department of Economics, 75 Hamilton Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1248, United States; email: mdutta@rci.rutgers.edu},
issn={10490078},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Asian Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Redwood20051,
author={Redwood, J.},
title={Superpower struggles: Mighty America, faltering Europe, rising Asia},
journal={Superpower Struggles: Mighty America, Faltering Europe, Rising Asia},
year={2005},
pages={1-194},
doi={10.1057/9780230504998},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992568816&doi=10.1057%2f9780230504998&partnerID=40&md5=2baeb01d7f5a4f4dcc49f3ca30458c7f},
affiliation={All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom; Middlesex University Business School, United Kingdom},
abstract={Since the war in Iraq of 2003, relations between the USA and the EU have been strained and the UK has been increasingly regarded as the US Government's only dependable ally. In this new book John Redwood examines the growing conflicts between an EU flexing its muscles against the USA, and the dominance of the US global economy and military machine. He points to the phenomenal rise of China to say that whilst eyes are fixed on the EU superstate experiment the real events that will shape the world in the next 50 years are unfolding on the other side of the globe. To maintain a position of influence in the world, he writes that the UK must renegotiate with the EU and keep open its links to Asia and the USA: the true battle for supremacy will not be between the EU and the USA but between Asia and the USA, and it is already underway. © John Redwood, 2005. All rights reserved.},
references={Ashley, M., England in the Seventeenth Century (1965), London: Penguin; Bayne, N., Globalization and the Commonwealth (1997) The Round Table, 344; Bogdanor, V., Devolution in the United Kingdom (1999), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Booker, C., North, R., The Mad Offi cials (1994), London: Constable; Currency Volatility: The Steadiness of the £ sterling against the US Dollar (1999), Sheepscombe, Gloucestershire: BMDF; (2004) The European Constitution in Perspective, , Sheepscombe, Gloucestershire: BMDF; Bullock, A., Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (1952), London: Penguin; Chirac, J., Our Europe (2000), Speech at Berlin, 27 June; Churchill, W., The Sinews of Peace (1946), Speech at Fulton, Missouri, 5 March; Churchill, W., The Tragedy of Europe (1946), Speech at Zurich, 19 September; Churchill, W., History of the English Speaking Peoples (1957), London: Cassell; Clark, A., The Tories: Conservatives and the Nation State (1998), London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; Clark, J.C.D., Our Shadowed Present: Modernism, Postmodernism and History (2003), London: Atlantic Books; (1998) The Declaration of Principles, , Singapore, 1971, The Lusaka Declaration, Zambia, 1979, The Harare Commonwealth Declaration, Zimbabwe, 1991, The Millbank Action Programme, New Zealand, 1995; Connolly, B., (1995) The Rotten Heart of Europe, , London: Faber and Faber; Davies, N., Europe: A History (1996), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Davis, S., Meyer, C., (1998) Blur, , Oxford: Capstone; Duisenberg, W., A Stable Euro (1999) European Quarterly, , Autumn; Elton, G.R., England Under the Tudors (1997), London: Folio Society; (2004), Brussels, November. European Communities White Paper, July 1971; (1999) Global Britain, 'How to Lose Market Share', , 10 September. London; (1999) UK Trade in 1998 and Growth 1992-1998, , London; (2000) Reports on shifting patterns of world trade in favour of the Englishspeaking world, , 14 July, London; (1998) Business Agenda for a Free Europe, , London: ERG (March); Early claims for the Euro (2000), January; IGC: Reform for Enlargement (2000), London, February; Gertz, B., Treachery (2004) How America's Friends and Foes are Secretly Arming our Enemies, , New York: Random House; Gidoomal, R., Mahtani, D., Porter, D., The British and How to Deal with Them (2001), Middlesex University Press; Gillingham, J., European Integration 1950-2003 (2003), New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (1999) UK Trade in 1998 and Growth 1992-1998, , London; Gough, R., Regime Change: It's Been Done Before (2003), London: Policy Exchange; Grenville, J.A.S., Europe Reshaped 1848-1878, Fontana History of Europe (1976), London: Fontana; (1971), 7 July 1971, cols 1338-1341, 28 October, cols 2197-2212; Britain and the European Communities: An Economic Assessment (1970), London: HMSO; (2004) Provisional Text of the Constitutional Treaty for the EU, , London: HMSO, July; (2004) Long Term Global Economic Opportunities for the UK, , December; Heffer, S., Nor Shall My Sword (1999), London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; Hill, S., (1997) Visions of Europe, , London: Gerald Duckworth; Hilton, A., The Principality and Power of Europe (1997), Hertfordshire: Dorchester House; Hitchens, P., The Abolition of Britain (1999), London: Quartet Books; (1995), The Future Role of the Commonwealth House of Commons Paper 45, 6 Session; Howe, M., (1999) Could the UK Join a Global Free Trade Association?, , London: IEA; Howell, D., The Place of the Commonwealth in the International Order (1998) The Round Table, 345; (1989) Articles of Agreement, , 16 February; (1945) Founding Agreement, , Bretton Woods: IMF; (2004), Washington and New York; Jamieson, B., Britain beyond Europe (1994), London: Gerald Duckworth; Jamieson, B., Minford, P., Britain and Europe: Choices for Change (1999), London: Politico; Jenkins, S., Accountable to None (1995), London: Hamish Hamilton; Kohl, H., Our Future in Europe (1991), Speech at Edinburgh, 23 May; Kohl, H., The European Process in Irreversible (1992), Speech at Munich, May; Kohl, H., Speech on Receiving the Honorary Freedom of the City of London (1998), 18 February; Leach, R., Europe: A Concise Encyclopaedia (2004), 4th edn. London: Profile Books; Lindemann, B., (1995) America Within Us, , Mainz: Hase and Koehler Verlag; Marr, A., The Day Britain Died (2000), London: Profi le Books; Marshall, P., The United Kingdom, the Commonwealth and the EU (1998) The Round Table, 347; Mortimer, E., People, Nations and State: The Meaning of Ethnicity and Nationalism (1999), London: I.B. Tauris; (1949) The North Atlantic Treaty, , Washington, DC, 4 April; Nye, R.B., Morpurgo, J.E., A History of the United States (1955), London: Penguin; (2000), Decision No. 2/2000 of the EC-Mexico Joint Council of 23 March (the EU/Mexico Trade Agreement); Redwood, J., (1999) The Death of Britain?, , Basingstoke: Macmillan; Redwood, J., Just Say No (2001), London: Politico's; Redwood, J., Stars and Strife (2001), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Rosenbaum, M., Britain and Europe: The Choices We Face (2001), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Rude, G., Revolutionary Europe 1783-1815, Fontana History of Europe (1965), London: Fontana; Sampson, A., Anatomy of Britain (1965), London: Hodder and Stoughton; Sampson, A., The Changing Anatomy of Britain (1982), London: Hodder and Stoughton; Stevens, R., About Europe (1997), London: Bluebell Press; Thomson, D., Europe since Napoleon (1972), London: Penguin; Towards Tax Co-ordination in the European Union: A Package to Tackle Harmful Tax Competition (1997), Brussels, 1 October; van Buitenen, P., Blowing the Whistle (2000), London: Politico's; Walker, P.G., (1970) The Cabinet, , London: Fontana; (1994) Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation, , Marrakesh, 15 April},
correspondence_address1={Redwood, J.; All Souls College, United Kingdom},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan},
isbn={9780230504998; 9781403990778},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Superpower Struggl.: Mighty Am., Faltering Eur., Rising Asia},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vettori2005142,
author={Vettori, S.},
title={Employee as Corporate Governance Stakeholder in South Africa},
journal={Social Responsibility Journal},
year={2005},
volume={1},
pages={142-148},
doi={10.1108/eb045804},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84993074065&doi=10.1108%2feb045804&partnerID=40&md5=0564b73ca5dc75d36c14ba4a39d95f57},
affiliation={University of Pretoria, South Africa},
abstract={“The 19th century saw the foundations being laid for modern corporations: this was the century of the entrepreneur. The 20th century became the century of management: the phenomenal growth of management theories, management consultants and management teaching (and management gurus) all reflected this pre-occupation. As the focus swings to the legitimacy and the effectiveness of the wielding power over corporate entities worldwide, the 21st century promises to be the century of governance.” This is a reflection and manifestation of how the world of work has changed over the last three centuries. The entrepreneur of the 19th century usually owned his business. The business was usually small and the employer was also the individual who owned the business. Because there were only a few employees the relationship between employer and employee was usually a personal relationship. As the era of Fordism emerged in the 20th century, the economies of scale dictated that in order for an enterprise to survive it had to be large (ie many employees) and production was dictated by post-war Keynesian economic policies. In order to exercise control over these many employees, they had to be arranged into a hierarchy beginning at the bottom with unskilled labourers going up through a number of levels of supervisors and eventually management. Management was also divided into various levels in a hierarchical structure, beginning at lower management, going through to middle management and eventually reaching top management. This hierarchical structure resembling an army was typical of the large corporations of the 20th century. With such large enterprises, a natural consequence was the fact that the relationship between the employer (now usually a company and not an individual) was no longer a personal relationship. In the 20th century employee interests in the industrialized economies were generally protected by trade unions and collective bargaining. Collective bargaining regulated employer-employee relations, institutionalized conflict and protected employees from “arbitrary management action”. The need to remain competitive in the global economy has resulted in a quest for flexibility. The result is inter alia flatter management structures, an ever-increasing number of “atypical employees”, decentralization of collective bargaining, the individualization of the employer employee relationship and a general world-wide decline in union membership and power. Given these facts it becomes necessary to look to alternate means to protect the employee against employer abuse of power in a relationship where the balance of power between the parties is inherently uneven. The possibility of corporate governance and acceptance of the stakeholder theory as a protector of employee interests is explored in this article. © 2005, Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
references={(2002) King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa, , 15 Par 24; Slabbert, (1999) ‘Fordism' refers to an economy of mass production fuelled by mass consumption, , (See The Management of Employment Relations 87.); National Bargaining in south Africa's Clothing Manufacturing Industry: Problems and Prospects of Multi-employer Bargaining in an Industry under siege (1829) Anstey, , (2004) ILJ; (1830) Anstey op cit; Work in the 21st Century (1997) Blanpain, , ILJ 185; Employment Is Not What It Used to Be (2003) ILJ 1247 and Cheadle et al Current Labour Law (2004), pp. 135-170. , See Theron; National Bargaining in South Africa's Clothing Manufacturing Industry: Problems and Prospects of Multi-Employer Bargaining in an Industry under Seige (1829) Anstey, pp. 1831-1833. , ILJ (2004); (1999) See in general Deery and Mitchell Employment Relations: Individualisation and Union Exclusion; See Raday ‘The Decline of Union Power - Structural Inevitability or Policy Choice?” (2002) in Conaghan, Fischl and Klare Labour Law in an Era of Globalization; (2004) Saxena Taxmann's Politics, , Ethics and Social Responsibility of Business 17; Freeman, E., Professor of Applied Ethics at the University of Virginia's Darden School, developed the. stakeholder theory In terms of this theory managers should serve the interests of all those who have a stake in the company, , These are employees, suppliers, customers and the community in which the company operates; (2002) King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa, , 8 par 5.3; Saxena op cit note 9 at 17; Corporate Governance: Creating Profit with Intergrity (2003) Management Today, , May 8; (2004) See De Jongh “Know Your Stakeholders” Finance Week 30 June 2004 34 where he states: “In today's CNN age everything we do as individuals and companies is exposed in seconds and therefore it's so important to understatnd exactly who all the stakeholders are that are affected by our business and how they again affect our business on a daily basis.”; (2005) Crowther and Jatana International dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (2005) at v -vi of the preface to the book explain: ‘Though the spectre of physical war has not vanished, it might be argued that the focus of war has shifted from imperialistic or ideological reasons to economic reasons - at least as far as governments and countries are concerned. But governments as the epitome of nation states, are becoming less important because what is becoming more important than governments and nation states is the multinational companies operating in the global environment, , Some of these multinationals are very large indeed - larger than many nation states and a good deal more powerful.”; Corporate governance is defined as “the system by which companies are directed and controlled” by the Cadbury Report on Corporate Governance (UK), , This is the meaning that is ascribed to the term in this article; In the global economy there are many jurisdictions to which a company can run to avoid regulation and taxes or to reduce labour costs. But, there are few places where a company can hide its activities from sceptical consumers, shareowners or protestors. In short, in the age of electronic information and activism, no company can escape the adverse consequences of poor governance King Report op cit, , par 14 reads; Shareholder Versus Stakeholder - Is There a Governance Dilemma? (2001) Corporate Governance, 9. , Vinten January 36 at 37; King Report II, , pg 98 par 1.4; King Report II pg 8 par 5.3; In adopting a participative corporate governance system of enterprise with integrity, the King Committee in 1994 successfully formalised the need for companies to recognise that they no longer act independently from the societies and the environment in which they operate (1994) This is explicitly acknowledged not only in the King II, , Report but also in the King Report (King Report I): The King Report 11 pg 7 par 4 reads; Social Conscience Comes with a Price Tag (2004) An extreme example of such lack of ethics on the part of a corporation is the lack of safety controls that caused a gas leakage at Union Carbide Limited, 4, pp. 7-8. , (Bhopal, India) which led to thousands of deaths and led to another 200 000 to 300 000 suffering minor injuries, loss of employment, or found themselves destitute due to the loss of the only bread-winner in the family. The outcome was that the company lost the support of society, it had to pay heavy compensation and was forced to close down. -See Ryan Without Prejudice issue 4; Just Companies Don't Fail: The Making of the Ethical Corporation (1995) Business and Society Review, pp. 48-50. , See Hyman and Blum; In a corporate context, ‘sustainability' means that each enterprise must balance the need for long-term viability and prosperity - of the enterprise itself and the societies and environment upon which it relies for its ability to generate economic value - with the requirement for short-term competitiveness and financial gain. Compromising longer term prospects purely for short-term benefit is counter-productive. A balance must be struck and failure to do so will prove potentially irreparable, and have far-reaching consequences, both for the enterprise and the societies and environment within which it operates. Social, ethical and environmental management practices provide a strong indicator of any company's intent in this respect As stated in the King Report, , (pg 91 par 2); Know Your Stakeholders (2004) Finance Week, , De Jonah 30 June 34; Unlocking Human Potential with Ethics (2005) Management Today February 28 states: ‘The way that companies think about their people and what they choose to do (or not to do) in unlocking their human potential determines their future sustainability, , Rossouw; companies that invest in their human capital, develop it and reward people for performance, make more money than those who place less emphasis on human capital See Roussouw op cit where he identifies the results of various surveys that demonstrate that; Roussouw op cit 30; A Good Environment for Business Development and Investment CBC Draft Principles for Best Practice on the Relationship Between International Enterprises and Countries to Encourage Foreign Direct Investment”, , CBC survey ; “CAGC Guidelines on Corporate Governance”; ‘The UN Global Compact”, the Work of Prince of Wales Business Leaders' Forum; and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.-See King Report pg 92 footnote 22; The concept of sustainability in the business context and in terms of the King II Report refers to the “achievement of balanced and integrated economic, social and environmental performance- now universally referred to as the triple bottom line.” (2002) See Khoza “Corporate Governance: Integrated Sustainability Reporting” Management Today 18; King ReportII Pg 118 par 2 defines human capital as the latent, or potential, value that employees at all levels -individually and collectively-represent for a company, , This is a function of their knowledge, learning, intuition, skill, experise and experience, both existing and, importantly, latent; Pg 118 par 2; (2002) The inclusive approach to stakeholders (also referred to as a “participative corporate governance system”-pg 7 of King Report II), contradicts the view that companies have no other obligation than to make as much profits as possible for the shareholders, but contends that corporations have moral obligations to a wide range of stakeholders, , -See Roussouw “Business Ethics and Corporate Governance in the Second King Report: Farsighted or Futile?” Koers 405 at 410; (2002) See King Report on Corporate Governance, , par 18; King II Report - The Expectation Gap: Corporate Governance (2002) Enterprise, (68), p. 63; King Report II pg 8 par 5.2; Business Etics and Corporate Governance in the Second King Report: Farsighted or Futile? (2002) Roussouw Koers; (1997) Rigby ‘Tell It All” Enterprise, , February 72; Every director or officer of a company who makes, circulates or publishes or concurs in making, circulating or publishing any certificate, written statement, report or financial statement in relation to any property or affairs of the company which is false in any material respect shall be guilty of an offence (1973) S 251 of Companies Act 61 of states; (2003) Khora” Corporate Governance: Integrated Sustainability Reporting the Key Principle”, , Management Today May 18 at 21; (2002) Editorial: ‘The Relationship Between Corporate Governannce, , Transparency and Financial Disclosure” Corporate Governance October 253; King Report pg 12 par 18.4; King Report pg 7 par 5; (2005) Saxena Taxmann's Politics Ethics and Social Responsibility 91; King Report pg 12 par 18.5; Roussouw “Business Ethics and Corporate Governance in the Second King Report: Farsighted or Futile?” (2002), Koers 412; Corporate Governance: Adopting an Inclusive Approach (2002) As King Management Today May 28 states: “When investors scan the market to establish where they need to make their next investment, , they now look first at corporate governance practices in their target market and only thereafter investigate the financial situation.”; King Report II pg 12 par 18.6; S of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to fair labour practices, 23 (1); Roussouw op cit 413; Corporate Governance: Integrated Sustainability Reporting (2002) Management Today 18; Corporate Governance: The Way to Govern Now (2003) According to a survey of opinions undertaken by McKinsey, , (see Armstrong Management Today May 10) a premium of 22% would be paid for a well governed South African company; Business Ethics and Corporate Governance in the Second King Report: Farsighted or Futile? (2002) Roussouw, , Koers 406; (1995) Schedule 8- Code of Good Practice: Dismissal s 9 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of, , recognises poor work performance of an employee as a valid and acceptable reason for dismissal; Corporate Governance: Integrated Sustainability Reporting the Key Principle (2003) Management Today, , Khoza May 21; The discussion concerning lack of legislative imperatives referred to in this context is limited to legislation concerning the disclosure and monitoring of non-financial issues (2003) See Konar “Legislation Reviewed as a Result of Corporate Misdemeanours” Management Today May, , 16 concerning the regulatory framework for accountants and auditors; Corporate Governance: Creating Profit with Integrity (2003) See King Management Today, , May 8; Khoza op cit 21},
correspondence_address1={Vettori, S.; University of PretoriaSouth Africa},
issn={17471117},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soc. Responsib. J.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Baroudi2005201,
author={Baroudi, S.E.},
title={Lebanon's foreign trade relations in the postwar era: Scenarios for integration (1990-present)},
journal={Middle Eastern Studies},
year={2005},
volume={41},
number={2},
pages={201-225},
doi={10.1080/00263200500035165},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16644378058&doi=10.1080%2f00263200500035165&partnerID=40&md5=ee4d9c4974196d4034ff3bbb5c0c9c66},
abstract={As a small country with limited cultivated land and very few natural resources, Lebanon has always exhibited far greater dependence on the international economy than other countries in its region. Successive Lebanese governments have taken this dependence on the global economy as a given, trying to make it work to the advantage of the national economy. In the postwar period (1990-present) Lebanese governments have striven to overcome the devastation caused by the war (which also severed many of Lebanon's links to the outside world) and restore growth to the national economy, largely by seeking closer ties with the Arab and European economies and greater integration into the global economy. As a prelude to the discussion of the three integration scenarios, the first part of the article provides some background information on the balance of trade and the composition and geographical distribution of Lebanon's foreign trade. The second, third and fourth parts discuss the three main integration scenarios, whilst the conclusion focuses on some of the problems involved in the simultaneous pursuit of all three projects, and speculates on whether or not Lebanon's policy-making elite possesses the will and the resources to overcome the challenges involved in transforming the local economy into a competitive one that is closely integrated with the Arab and European economies and immersed in the global economy. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.},
keywords={balance of trade;  economic relations;  trade relations, Asia;  Eastern Hemisphere;  Eurasia;  Lebanon;  Middle East;  World},
references={Gates, C., (1998) The Merchant Republic of Lebanon, Rise of an Open Economy, pp. 1-34. , For the emergence of an open economy in Lebanon in the post-independence years (mainly 1943-58) (London: Centre for Lebanese Studies in association with LB Tauris), especially; Dagher, A., Economic and Developmental Challenges Facing Lebanon and Syria (2000) Majalat Al-Difa' Al-Watani (National Defence Magazine), p. 75. , In 1996, international financial institutions ranked Lebanon no. 151 out of 152 states in terms of its export/import ratio. See Beirut, No. 33, July reprinted in Albert Dagher, Lubnan wa Suriya: Al-Tahadiyyat al-Iqtisadiyyah wa al-Siyasaat at-Matlubah (Lebanon and Syria: Economic Challenges and Required Polices), (Beirut: Al-Nahar Press, 2001), p.75; note; (1999) Al-Taqrir Al-Sanawi (Annual Report), p. 58. , Banque du Liban (Lebanese Central Bank); note; Al-Taqrir Al-Sanawi, p. 60. , Banque du Liban, selected years; Al-Taqrir Al-Sanawi, p. 60. , Banque du Liban, selected years; Bertrand, J.P., Boudjikian, A., Picaudou, N., (1979) L'industrie Libanaise Et Les Marches Arabes Du Golfe, pp. 11-12. , (Beirut: Centre D'etudes et de Recherches sur le Moyen-Orient Contemporain [CERMOC]); Bertrand, J.P., Boudjikian, A., Picaudou, N., (1979) L'industrie Libanaise Et Les Marches Arabes Du Golfe, p. 12. , (Beirut: Centre D'etudes et de Recherches sur le Moyen-Orient Contemporain [CERMOC]); Bertrand, J.P., Boudjikian, A., Picaudou, N., (1979) L'industrie Libanaise Et Les Marches Arabes Du Golfe, p. 13. , (Beirut: Centre D'etudes et de Recherches sur le Moyen-Orient Contemporain [CERMOC]); Al-Taqrir Al-Sanawi, , Banque Du Liban, selected years; note; note; note; Keohane, R., (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, p. 33. , For a definition of hegemony see (Princeton, N.T: Princeton University Press) financial commitments, which have been accepted by a group of states.'; Ruggie, J.G., 'International responses to technology: Concepts and trends' (1975) International Organization, 29 (3), p. 570. , John Ruggie defines an international regime as 'a set of mutual expectations, rules and regulations, plans, organizing energies and financial commitments, which have been accepted by a group of states.'; Hasenclever, A., Mayer, P., Rittberger, V., (1997) Theories of International Regimes, pp. 8-22. , For further discussion of international regimes see inter alia Keohane, After Hegemony, esp. pp.57-64, 85-109 and 182-240; and (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); note; note; note; note; note; (2001) Al-Mustaqbal, p. 6. , 11 May; notes; Kannan, T.A., (1999) Arab Economic Integration Efforts: A Critical Assessment, , For a brief discussion of the 1953 Agreement see Unpublished study prepared for the Economic and Social Committee for Western Asia (ESCWA) (Beirut: ESCWA); note; (2000) Al-Takamul Al-Iqtisadi Al-Arabi: Mintaqah Al-tijarah Al-Arabiyyah Al-Kubra (Arab Economic Integration: The Great Arab Free Trade Area), p. 15. , Quoted in Abd at-Rahman al-Suhaybani, unpublished paper submitted to 4th Meeting of the Arab Business Society, Kuwait, 4-6 May Text of Suhaybani's paper provided courtesy of ESCWA; Abd al-Rahman al-Suhaybani (1997), p. 15. , Decision No. 1997 (23 June) of the Arab League of States. Quoted in; Abd al-Rahman al-Suhaybani (1997), p. 15. , Decision No. 1997 (23 June) of the Arab League of States. Quoted in; note; note; note; Kalawoun, A., The Struggle for Lebanon, pp. 172-173. , For a discussion of this episode, see; (2001) The Daily Star, p. 4. , The Prime Minister made his remarks in Arabic; the English translation is from 27 June; note; note; (2001) Al-Nahar, p. 6. , 19 July; (2001) Al-Mustaqbal, p. 8. , 16 Jan; note; note; (2000) Al-Nahar, p. 8. , 16 Sept; Baroudi, S.E., 'Economic conflict in postwar Lebanon: State-Labour Relations between 1992 and 1997' (1998) Middle East Journal, 52 (4), pp. 531-550; (2001) Al-Safir, p. 8. , See 13 March; (2001) The Daily Star, p. 7. , 23 March; (2001) Al-Anwar, p. 8. , 23 March; note; (2001) Al-Safir, p. 9. , Between 1997 and February 2001, Lebanese businessmen (mainly industrialists) organized 8 trade fairs in the Iraqi capital. See 21 March; (2000) The Daily Star, p. 7. , 27 Jan; (2001) Al-Safir, p. 6. , 18 July; (2000) Al-Safir, , 15 Sept; (2000) Al-Mustaqbal, p. 8. , 16 Sept; (2000) Al-Mustaqbal, p. 8. , 20 Sept; (2000) Al-Mustaqbal, p. 9. , 25 Sept; (2001) Al-Diyar, p. 11. , 18 July; (2001) Al-Mustaqbal, p. 9. , 18 July; (2001) The Daily Star, p. 7. , 18 July; note; note; (2000) Al-Anwar, , 5 March; (2001) Al-Nahar, p. 9. , 18 April; (2001) Al-Safir, p. 6. , 18 July; (2001) Al-Mustaqbal, , 18 July; (2001) Al-Diyar, p. 11. , 18 July; Gates, C., Lebanon's Merchant Republic, pp. 38-60. , pp. 13-15, 25-9; Gates, C., Lebanon's Merchant Republic, pp. 38-60. , pp. 13-15, 25-9; Gates, C., Lebanon's Merchant Republic, p. 129. , pp. 13-15, 25-9, 38-60. pp.114; Baroudi, S.E., 'Conflict and cooneration within Lebanon's business community: Relations between merchants' and industrialists' associations' (2001) Middle Eastern Studies, 37 (4), pp. 71-100; note; note; note; note; Gruhn, I.V., The Lomé Convention: Inching Toward Interdependence (1976) International Organization, 30, pp. 240-262. , For the 1975 Lomé Agreement see Spring; note; note; Spero, J., Hart, J., (1997) The Politics of International Economic Relations, p. 246. , The 1975 Lomé Convention was renewed and revised in 1979 and 1984. See 5th Edition (New York: St. Martin's Press); note; note; (2001) Lebanon Opportunities, p. 51. , See, for example, the interview by Bassel Fleihan, Minister for Economy and Trade, in (Beirut), Aug; (2000) Lubnan Wa-Mufawadat Al-sharakah Al-Auropiyyah-al-Mutawasitiyyah: Barnamaj 'Amal Bi-Hadaf Inkhirat Lubnan Fi Al-Sharakah Al-Auropiyyah-al-Mutawaitiyyah (Lebanon and Euro-Med Partnership Negotiations: A Plan of Action for Lebanon's Integration Into the Euro-Med Partnership), p. 25. , Lebanese Republic: Ministry of Economy and Trade, (Beirut: Unpublished study provided to author courtesy of Ministry of Economy and Trade, October); (2000) Lubnan Wa-Mufawadat Al-sharakah Al-Auropiyyah-al-Mutawasitiyyah: Barnamaj 'Amal Bi-Hadaf Inkhirat Lubnan Fi Al-Sharakah Al-Auropiyyah-al-Mutawaitiyyah (Lebanon and Euro-Med Partnership Negotiations: A Plan of Action for Lebanon's Integration Into the Euro-Med Partnership), pp. 8-9. , Lebanese Republic: Ministry of Economy and Trade, (Beirut: Unpublished study provided to author courtesy of Ministry of Economy and Trade, October); note; note; Saidi, N., 'Lebanon and the European Union at the Cross Roads: An Interim Assessment of the Partnership Agreement' (1997) Pathways to Integration: Lebanon and the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, pp. 17-31. , W. Shahin & K. Shehadi (eds.), (Beirut: The Lebanese Centre for Policy Studies); Mokarbel, I., (1996) The Proposed Free Trade Agreement Between Lebanon and the European Union Countries: Evaluation and Recommendations, pp. 5-34. , This distinction between fiscal repercussions, repercussions on industry and repercussions on trade largely follows (Beirut: Association of Lebanese Banks, Feb.); Diwan, I., 'How Can Lebanon Benefit from the Euro-Mediterranean Initiative' (1997) Pathways to Integration, pp. 55-73. , Other estimates put the loss to the treasury at higher levels. According to Ishac Diwan, state revenues would drop by 30 per cent as a result of free trade with the EU. W. Shahin and K. Shchadi (eds.), (Beirut: Lebanese Center For Policy Studies); Martin, W., Assessing the Implications for Lebanon of Free Trade with the EU (2000) Catching Up With The Competition: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries, p. 125. , Will Martin's calculations show a 57 per cent loss of tariff revenues (as a result of free trade with the EU) leading to 22.8 per cent loss in state revenue (assuming that customs represent 40 per cent of state revenue). B.M. Hoekman & J. Zarrouk (eds.) (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press); note; Mokarbel, I., 'The Proposed Free Trade Agreement between Lebanon and the European Union Countries' , p. 15. , (note 71); (1999) Annual Report: Delegation of the European Commission to the Republic of Lebanon, p. 18. , The centre was established in 2000 with an initial EU grant of 11 million Euros. (Beirut) See also the interview of Dimitris Kourkoulas with Lebanon Opportunities, Sept. 2001, p.7; note; Martin, W., 'Assessing the Implications for Lebanon of Free. Trade with the European Union' (2000) Catching Up With the Competetion: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries, pp. 103-144. , For a detailed discussion of this point see B. Hoekman and J. Zarrouk (eds.), (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press); Martin, W., 'Assessing the Implications for Lebanon of Free. Trade with the European Union' (2000) Catching Up With the Competetion: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries, pp. 103-144. , For a detailed discussion of this point see B. Hoekman and J. Zarrouk (eds.), (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press); note; note; note; note; Baroudi, S.E., 'Business Groups and the Representation of Business Interests: The case of the Association of Lebanese Industrialists' , p. 26; Baroudi, S.E., 'Conflict and Cooperation within Lebanon's Business Community: Relations between Merchants' and Industrialists' Associations' (2001) Middle Eastern Studies, 37 (4), pp. 71-100; Baroudi, S.E., 'Conflict and Cooperation within Lebanon's Business Community: Relations between Merchants' and Industrialists' Associations' (2001) Middle Eastern Studies, 37 (4), pp. 71-100; 'Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization' http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/04-wto.wpf, For the text of the Marakesh Declaration formally known as the see:; note; Makki, F., Between GATT and the WTO: Lebanon Faces the Challenge (2000), (Beirut: Lebanese Centre for Policy Studies); note; note; note; Maier, P., (2000) Analysis of Lebanon's Existing and Draft Intellectual Property Laws and Legal Acts, p. 5. , (Beirut: July) A copy of Ms. Maier's report was provided to author courtesy of USAID Technical Assistance project for Lebanon on WTO Membership; (2000) Why Should Lebanon Accede to the WTO, p. 1. , USAID Technical Assistance Project for Lebanon on WTO Accession, (Beirut: Unpublished pamphlet provided to author courtesy of USAID Technical Assistance project, Dec.); (2000) Why Should Lebanon Accede to the WTO, p. 1. , USAID Technical Assistance Project for Lebanon on WTO Accession, (Beirut: Unpublished pamphlet provided to author courtesy of USAID Technical Assistance project, Dec.); Martin, W., 'Assessing the Implications for Lebanon of Free Trade with the EU , pp. 104-105. , especially; note; note},
issn={00263206},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Middle East. Stud.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Schmitter2005211,
author={Schmitter, P.C.},
title={If the nation-state were to wither away in Europe, what might replace it?},
journal={The Future of the Nation-State: Essays on Cultural Pluralism and Political Integration},
year={2005},
pages={211-244},
doi={10.4324/9780203989333-14},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071817927&doi=10.4324%2f9780203989333-14&partnerID=40&md5=8fd2cfff7d5ca09e15c99c6f2bf53cf7},
affiliation={Stanford University, United States},
abstract={Introduction The demise of the nation-state has been predicted many times and on many grounds - and yet the announcement of its death has (so far) been premature. Despite its manifest policy incompetence, its multiple institutional entanglements, its burgeoning economic interdependence, its increasingly challenged status, its diminished capacity for unitary action, its ineffectual claims to sovereignty and even its demonstrable irrelevance in solving many of the problems that preoccupy its citizen/subjects, the state malingers on. It still spends much more money, inflicts vastly greater damage, rewards a larger number of persons and attracts considerably more atten­ tion and loyalty than any other type of political unit. Nevertheless, it is in deep trouble and nowhere more so than in its pays d'origine, namely, Western Europe. When speculation arises about the withering away of the state, it almost never starts in Asia where its prominence seems to have been reinforced rather than undermined by the accelerated pace of technological change and the successful integration of Japan and the Four Tigers into an increasingly interdependent global economy. In Latin America, the issue o f "downsizing" the domestic role o f the state and even of escaping from excessively "state matrixed" social relations was certainly arisen, but no one has carried this speculation so far as to suggest that it might be replaced by some other type of political organization. Some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: Zaire, Soma­ lia, Angola, Ethiopia. Sierra Leone, Liberia, Rwanda are haunted by the specter of "the Stateless State", i.e. not a gradual and con­ sensual withering away of the institution that previously held "a legitimate monopoly of organized violence within a given terri­ tory," but a dramatic and complete collapse of all legitimate forms of authority and their replacement by a Hobbesian "war of all against all". © Editorial matter in selection in the name of the editors; individual contributions in the name of the contributors.},
references={Alexander, J., Sceptical reflections on a europe of regions: Britain, germanyand the erdf (1991) Journal of Public Policy, 10 (4), pp. 417-447; Amsden, A.H., The state and taiwans economic development�? (1985) Bringing the State Back In, pp. 78-106. , P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer & T. Skocpol (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Moore, B., Jr., (1966) Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, p. 13. , Boston: Beacon Press; Brittan, S., Let fools contend about the forms (1991) Financial, , November 21; Brown, S., (1995) New Forces, Old Forces and the Future of World Politics, pp. 243-252. , New York: HarperCollins, where this is referred to as “the problem of incongruence�?; Brzezinski, Z., (1970) Between Two Ages, p. 296. , New York: Penguin Books; Bull, H., (1977) The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics, p. 264. , London: Macmillan; Cavarrozi, M., Beyond transitions to democracy in latin america (1992) Journal of Latin American Studies, 24 (3), pp. 665-684. , October; Clad, J., Disappearing states: Collapsing governance in the third world (1994) The International System after the Collapse of the East-West Order, , Armand Clesse et al. (eds.), Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff; Clement, W., Auf dem weg zum europa der regionen (1991) Föderalstaatliche Entwicklung in Europa, pp. 15-28. , J.J. Hesse and W. Renzsch (eds.), Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag; Darnton, J., Stateless state: A new specter stalking africa (1994) International Herald Tribune, , 25 May; Deutsch, K., (1953) Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Deutsch, K., (1964) The Integration of Political Communities, , Philadelphia: Lippincott; Eco, U., Living in the new middle ages (1986) Travels in Hyper Reality, pp. 73-86. , San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; Ernest, G., Scale and nation (1978) Scale and Social Organization, , Fredrick Barth, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget); François, G., (1991) Parlez-Vous Eurocrate?, , Paris: Edition d’Organisation; Hoffmann, S., Reflections of the nation-state in western europe today (1982) Journal of Common Market Studies, 21 (1-2), pp. 21-38. , Sept.-Dec; Hrbek, R., Thaysen, U., (1986) Die Deutschen Länder Und Die Europäischen Gemeinschaften, , Baden-Baden: Nomos; Hurd, D., (1992) Financial Times, , March 21-22; Davidson, I., New era for ec family (1991) Financial Times, p. 21. , December 3; Johnson, C., (1982) MITI and The Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, , Stanford: Stanford University Press; Keating, M., (1988) State and Regional Nationalism Territorial Politics and the European State, , London: Harvester-Wheatleaf; Kohr, L., (1957) The Breakdown A/Nations, , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Lapham, L., Leviathan in trouble (1988) Harper’s, pp. 8-9. , September; Lindberg, L., Scheingold, S., (1970) Europe’s Would-Be Polity, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Marks, G., (1991) Structural Policy, European Integration, and the State, , unpublished paper, (March); Mazey, S., Richardson, J., (1993) Lobbying in the European Community, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Mény, Y., (1982) Dix Ans De Régionalisation En Europe: Bilan Et Perspectives (1970-1980), , Paris: Editions Cujas; Moravcsik, A., Why the european community strengthens the state: Domestic politics and international cooperation (1994) Working Paper #52, , Harvard University, Center for European Studies; Naisbitt, J., (1994) Global Paradox, , New York: Avon Books; O’Donnell, G., On the state: Democratization and some conceptual problems: A latin american view with glances at some postcommunist countries (1993) World Development, 21 (8), pp. 1355-1370. , August; Parri, L., Territorial political exchange in federal and unitary countries (1989) West European Politics, 12, pp. 197-219; Petrella, R., (1978) La Renaissance Des Cultures régionales En Europe, , Paris: Editions Entente; Pierret, G., (1984) Vivre l’Europe… Autrement. Les régions Entrent En scène, , Paris: Jean Picollec; Puchala, D., Integration theory and international relations (1981) From National Development to Global Community, pp. 145-164. , R.L. Merritt and B.M. Russett (eds.), London: George Allen & Unwin; Puchala, D.J., The european common market and the resilience of the national state (1988) II Politico, 53 (3), pp. 447-466; Raffarin, J.-P., (1988) Europe: Nous Sommes Tous Des régionaux, , Poi tiers: Projets Editions; Sale, K., (1980) Human Scale, , New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan; Sbragia, A., Thinking about the european future: The uses of comparison (1992) Euro-Politics, pp. 257-290. , A. Sbragia (ed.), Washington DC: The Brookings Institution; Schumacher, E.F., (1973) Small is Beautiful, , New York: Harper); Schmitter, P.C., Streeck, W., Organized interests and the europe of 1992 (1991) Political Power and Social Change. The United States Faces the United Europe, pp. 46-67. , N. J. Ornstein and M. Perlman (eds.), Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press; Schmitter, P.C., Representation and the future europolity (1992) Staatswissenschaften Und Staatspraxis, 3 (3), pp. 379-405. , reprinted inJahrbuch/Ur Staats- und Verwaltungswissenschaften, Band 6 (1992-3), pp. 55-82; Schmitter, P.C., Interests, powers and functions: Emergent properties and unintended consequences in the european polity (1992) The Emerging Euro-Polity: Its Powers, Policies and Prospects, , Second, Revised and Expanded Version, April 1992 - to be published in two separate chapters in Gary Marks, Philippe C. Schmitter and Wolfgang Streeck, Sage Publications; Schmitter, P.C., Democracy in the euro-polity: Temporary or permanent deficit? (1995) Paper Presented at the European Dialogues Conference, , Bruxelles, 24-25 February 1995; Schmitter, P.C., Experimenting with the scale of production, culture and governance in western europe Experimenting with Scale in Western Europe, , to be published, forthcoming, Cambridge University Press; Sharpe, L.J., Fragmentation and territoriality in the european state system (1989) International Political Science Review, 10, pp. 223-238. , July; Tarrow, S., Katzenstein, P., Graziano, L., (1978) Territorial Politics in Industrial Nations, , New York: Praeger; (1989) Where Large and Small Work Together in Perfect Harmony, , 14 July; Wade, R., (1988) Governing the Market: Economic Theory and Taiwan, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Wallace, W., Introduction: The dynamics of european integration (1990) The Dynamics of European Integration, , W. Wallace (ed.), London: Pinter; Ward, C., All power to the regions! (1991) New Statesman &, pp. 30-32. , December 6; Wolf, M., Federalism before a fall (1991) Financial Times, p. 21. , December 3},
correspondence_address1={Schmitter, P.C.; Stanford UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134755202; 0415147344; 9780415147347},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Future of the Nation-State: Essays on Cultural Pluralism and Political Integr.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Borins2005181,
author={Borins, S.},
title={New public management, North American style},
journal={New Public Management: Current Trends and Future Prospects},
year={2005},
pages={181-194},
doi={10.4324/9780203996362-18},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070284843&doi=10.4324%2f9780203996362-18&partnerID=40&md5=551d8446e43ef909f0cb59154ef07a9f},
affiliation={University of Toronto, Canada},
abstract={In the last two decades, fundamental changes have been transforming societies all over the world. These changes include the development of a global economy, the end of the Cold War, and the rapid progress and widespread adoption of information technology. The public sector too is being transformed, leading to the emergence of what has been called the New Public Management. This chapter will outline the major characteristics of NPM and examine its influence in the US and Canada. The third major North American country, Mexico, will be discussed briefly. The presidential election cycles of the US and Mexico, as well as Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien’s choice of an election date, have all coincided, with Mexico having held its national elections in July 2000 and both the US and Canada having held theirs four months later. This coincidence provides a common point of departure for speculation about the future of NPM initiatives in the three countries. The chapter will also make reference to New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the two countries widely regarded as the pioneers of NPM. The chapter begins with a definition of NPM. It then examines the pressures to transform the public sector, goes on to discuss the resulting changes, and concludes with a discussion of the prospects for future public sector reform. © 2002 Kate McLaughlin, Stephen P. Osborne and Ewan Ferlie and the contributors All rights reserved.},
references={(1996) Service Quality, , Report, Chapter 14 (Ottawa); (2000) Service Quality, , Report, Chapter 1 (Ottawa); Borins, S., Summary: Government in Transition - a New Paradigm in Public Administration (1995) Government in Transition: The Inaugural Conference of the Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management, pp. 3-23. , Commonwealth Secretariat, ed., Toronto: Commonwealth Secretariat; Borins, S., What Border? Public Management Innovation in the US and Canada (2000) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 19, pp. 46-74; Borins, S., Kocovski, S., Public Management Innovation in the Provinces (1997) Public Administration and Public Management: Experiences in Canada, pp. 219-228. , Bourgault, J., Demers, M., and Williams, C., eds, Quebec: Les Publications du Quebec; Boston, J., Martin, J., Pallot, J., Walsh, P., (1996) Public Management: The New Zealand model, , Auckland: Oxford; Bourgon, J., (1998) Fifth Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada, , Ottawa: Privy Council Office; Ford, R., Zussman, D., (1997) Alternative Service Delivery: Transcending boundaries, , Toronto: KPMG and the Institute of Public Administration of Canada; Gore, A., (1993) Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less: Report of the National Performance Review, , New York: Times Books; Gore, A., (1996) The Best Kept Secrets in Government, , Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; Gore, A., (1997) Putting Customers First: Standards for Serving the American People, , Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; Greenspon, E., Wilson-Smith, A., (1997) Double Vision: The inside story of the Liberals in power, , Toronto: Seal; Jones, L., Thompson, F., (1999) Public Management: Institutional renewal for the twenty-first century, , Stamford, CT: JAI Press; Kettl, D., (2000) The Global Public Management Revolution: A report on the transformation of governance, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; Leblanc, D., Flag Flap Fires up Federal Scholarship Feud in Quebec (1999) The Globe and Mail, , 9 July; Lichfield, G., Mexico Survey: Revolution Ends, Change Begins (2000) The Economist, pp. 1-15. , October 28; (1995) Governance in Transition: Public management reforms in OECD countries, , Paris: OECD; (1999) Budgeting in Canada, , Paris: OECD; Osborne, D., Gaebler, T., (1992) Reinventing Government, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Osborne, D., Plastrik, P., (1997) Banishing Bureaucracy, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Pollitt, C., Bouckaert, G., (2000) Public Management Reform: A comparative analysis, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Roberts, A., Worrying About Misconduct: The Control Lobby and the PS 2000 Reforms (1996) Canadian Public Administration, 39, pp. 489-523; Roberts, A., Performance-Based Organizations: Assessing the Gore Plan (1997) Public Administration Review, 57, pp. 465-478; Thatcher, M., (1993) The Downing Street Years, , New York: HarperCollins; Thompson, J., The Reinvention Laboratories: Strategic Change by Indirection (2000) American Review of Public Administration, 30, pp. 46-68},
correspondence_address1={Borins, S.; University of TorontoCanada},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203996364; 9781134544158; 0415243629; 9780415243629},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New Public Management: Current Trends and Future Prospects},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Dicken2005102,
author={Dicken, P. and Yeung, H.-W.-C.},
title={Investing in the future: East and Southeast Asian firms in the global economy},
journal={Globalisation and the Asia-Pacific: Contested Territories},
year={2005},
pages={102-123},
doi={10.4324/9780203984574-16},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069596006&doi=10.4324%2f9780203984574-16&partnerID=40&md5=6cab3af8b27ec3b606ff0248c1e8f2b9},
affiliation={University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Although the nature and extent of globalisation is contested within the social science literature, one phenomenon on which all sides agree is the significance of the emergence of East and Southeast Asia as a major component of the post-war global economic map. Without doubt, this has been the major change in the international division of labour. The aim of this chapter is to explore the specific role of firms from within the region itself in this process and to consider their likely future trajectories. Given the region’s economic significance, it is somewhat paradoxical that, at least until very recently, little scholarly or popular attention was devoted to East and Southeast Asian business firms, other than those from Japan.1 Outside the sphere of Asian business organisation specialists, such firms were generally regarded as being of very limited significance. After all, it was widely believed, the East and Southeast Asian economies were essentially dominated, either directly through foreign investment, or indirectly through various forms of subcontracting relationships, by foreign firms. Even when it was recognised that some Asian firms were themselves becoming international in their scope, they were generally caricatured, rather patronisingly, as ‘Third World multinationals’ (Wells 1983; Aggarwal, forthcoming; cf. Yeung 1994a). © 1999 Kris Olds, Peter Dicken, Philip F.Kelly, Lily Kong and Henry Wai-chung Yeung for selection and editorial matter; individual contributions, the contributors.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203984579; 9781134638161; 0415199204; 9780415199209},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Globalisation and the Asia-Pacific: Contested Territories},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Skidelsky2005227,
author={Skidelsky, L.},
title={Exchange rate system for ‘mature’ economies in a global economy},
journal={The Future of the International Monetary System},
year={2005},
pages={227-237},
doi={10.4337/9781845424695.00020},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881896823&doi=10.4337%2f9781845424695.00020&partnerID=40&md5=bf9ca8f553b20831d5f399718efc8d86},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Warwick University, United Kingdom},
abstract={11. Exchange rate system for ‘mature’ economies in a global economy Lord Skidelsky INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this chapter is to take issue with Bordo’s claim that targeting inflation represents a ‘major technical improvement’ over targeting the exchange rate. It argues that the Bretton Woods system of fixed, but adjustable, exchange rates gave the best all-round performance of all the exchange-rate regimes we have had, and that this constitutes a prima facie case for trying to recreate something like it. It further argues that the causes of the collapse of the fixed exchange rate systems of the last century have been misinterpreted to support the current near consensus in favor of floating. It claims that the advocates of ‘autonomous’ monetary policy which floating supposedly makes possible make exaggerated claims on its behalf. Indeed, I believe that the theoretical arguments in favour of floating would never have achieved wide political acceptance had they not chimed in with US unilateralism. The thrust of the chapter is that a fixed-exchange rate regime is more in tune with global economic integration than is a system of floating exchange rates, which comes out of the stable of nationalist economics and carries the seeds of currency wars and protectionism. Most contemporary writers on exchange rates subscribe to what Obstfeld and Taylor (1998) have called the ‘open-economy trilemma’. A country cannot simultaneously maintain fixed exchange rates and an open capital market while pursuing a monetary policy oriented toward domestic goals. Specifically, fixed-exchange rates combined…. © Marc Uzan 2005.},
references={Adelman, I., (1999) Long-term economic development, , Working Paper no. 589, California Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA; Bootle, R., (1997) The Death of Inflation: Surviving and Thriving in the Zero Era, , London: Nicholas Brealey; Bordo, M.D., (2003) Exchange rate regime choice in historical perspective, , Henry Thornton Lecture at the Cass Business School, City University, London, mimeo, 26 March; Congdon, T., (1992) Reflections on Monetarism, , Aldeshot, UK and Brookfield, USA: Edward Elgar; Congdon, T., (2003) Debt management and deflation, , Lombard Street Research Limited, London, 4 April; Cooper, R.N., Exchange rate choices (2001) Rethinking the International Monetary System, , Jane Sneddon Little and Giovanni P. Olivei (eds), USA: University Press of the Pacific; Davidson, P., (1999) The case for capital regulation, , R. Skidelsky (1999); Eichengreen, B., (1994) International Monetary Arrangements for the 21st Century, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Feldstein, M., Japan needs to stimulate spending (2001) The Wall Street Journal, , 16 July; Fisher, I., (1911) The Purchasing Power of Money, , New York: Macmillan; Friedman, M., The case for flexible exchange rates (1953) Essays in Positive Economics, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Kaldor, N., How monetarism failed (1985) Challenge, , May-June; Keynes, J.M., (1923) A Tract on Monetary Reform, 4. , Collected writings of John Maynard Keynes, London: Macmillan; Krugman, P., (1999) TheReturn of Depression Economics, , New York: W.W. Nanton; Nurkse, R., (1944) International Currency Experience, , Geneva: League of Nations; Obstfeld, M., Taylor, A.M., The Great Depression as a watershed: International capital mobility over the long-run (1998) The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century, , M.D. Bordo, Claudio Goldin and Eugene N.White (eds),, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press for NBER; Skidelsky, R., Historical; reflections on capital movements (1999) Capital Regulation: For and Against, , London: Social Market Foundation; Skidelsky, R., Personal view (2001) Financial Times, , 16 August; Wicksell, K., (1936) Interest and Prices: A Study of the Causes Regulating the Value of Money, , (published in German, 1898), London: Macmillan, on behalf of the Royal Economic Society},
correspondence_address1={Skidelsky, L.; Department of Economics, United Kingdom},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9781845424695; 9781843768050},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Future of the International Monetary System},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Dinibütün2005146,
author={Dinibütün, A.T. and Neck, R. and Stahre, J. and Dimirovski, G.M. and Vlacic, L.B. and Kile, F.},
title={Control system approaches for sustainable development and instability management in the globalization age},
journal={IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline)},
year={2005},
volume={16},
pages={146-163},
doi={10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.02260},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960744247&doi=10.3182%2f20050703-6-cz-1902.02260&partnerID=40&md5=eb2fa309862a1ceedae7f3942ce83293},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, Dogus University, Acibadem, Kadikoy, TR-34722 Istanbul, Turkey; Dept. of Economics, University of Klagenfurt, JosefstadterStr. 87/34, A-1080 Wien, Austria; Chalmers University of Technology, Human Fact.Eng., S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; El.Eng. Faculty, SS Cyril and Methodius University, Karpos 2 BB, MK-1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; Intell. Con. Sys. Lab, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia; 420 E, Sheffield Lane, Wisconsin, WI 54913-718, United States},
abstract={Mankind civilization in the globalization age depends heavily on advanced information technologies resulting from automation of control and decision expertise and their respective scientific disciplines. These have a multitude of impacts on development of national economies within the global economy. The broad area of social systems, being essentially human centred systems, is a cross-, inter- and multi-disciplinary challenge to control community. Social systems in modern civilization, currently undergoing globalization, are reviewed from the systems science viewpoint and on the grounds of recent developments in control science and technology. Recent developments put new emphasis on the social responsibility of the control and automation field during the ongoing changes from the cold-war bipolar world to a unipolar one on the way to mankind's multi-polar world of the future. The focus should be on innovative systems approaches, employing new paradigms, to combined knowledge and technology transfer world-wide, that may remedy some of the negative aspects of globalization. Copyright © 2005 IFAC.},
author_keywords={Developing countries;  Education;  Globalization age;  Human centred systems;  Instability management;  Knowledge and technology transfer;  Society;  Systems approaches},
keywords={Developing countries;  Education;  Man machine systems;  Technology transfer, Control and automation;  Globalization age;  Knowledge and technology transfer;  Multi-disciplinary challenges;  Science and Technology;  Social responsibilities;  Society;  Systems approach, Social aspects},
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correspondence_address1={Dinibütün, A.T.; Faculty of Engineering, Acibadem, Kadikoy, TR-34722 Istanbul, Turkey; email: talhad@dogus.edu.tr},
publisher={IFAC Secretariat},
issn={14746670},
isbn={008045108X; 9780080451084},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IFAC Proc. Vol. (IFAC-PapersOnline)},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Buchanan2005110,
author={Buchanan, A.},
title={In the national interest},
journal={The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism},
year={2005},
pages={110-126},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511614743.009},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954768603&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511614743.009&partnerID=40&md5=cb8394109d674012828a283b5ab50882},
affiliation={Duke University, United States},
abstract={The dominance of a dogma Few deny that the national interest should play a major role in foreign policy. But often much stronger assertions about the national interest are made or, more frequently, uncritically assumed to be true. The strongest of these, and the one explicitly endorsed by many state leaders and diplomats, as well as many theorists of international relations, is that A state’s foreign policy always ought to be determined exclusively by the national interest (the Obligatory Exclusivity Thesis). “Foreign policy” here is understood very broadly, to encompass the state’s policies of making war and seeking peace, its posture toward international law, its participation in the global economy through treaties concerning trade and communications infrastructures, international financial and monetary regimes, and the provision of aid to other countries. Hans Morgenthau, one of the most influential international relations theorists of the twentieth century, unambiguously proclaimed the supremacy of the national interest, asserting that it should be “the one guiding star, one standard thought, one rule of action” in foreign policy (Morgenthau, 1952, p. 242). Taken literally, Morgenthau’s assertion presupposes that every foreign policy decision affects the national interest one way or the other. Since this is dubious, and because I am interested in evaluating the more plausible versions of the idea that the national interest should reign supreme in foreign policy, I will understand the Obligatory Exclusivity Thesis as acknowledging that some decisions may not affect the national interest one way or another and as permitting other considerations to guide policy when that is the case. © G. Brock and H. Brighouse 2005.},
correspondence_address1={Buchanan, A.; Duke UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511614743; 0521609097; 9780521846608},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Jones200581,
author={Jones, G.},
title={Multinationals from the 1930s to the 1980s},
journal={Leviathans: Multinational Corporations and the New Global History},
year={2005},
pages={81-104},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511512025.004},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-55949093278&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511512025.004&partnerID=40&md5=0c3d21d86ea6181ea63516ff55555f0c},
affiliation={Harvard Business School, United States},
abstract={MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES AND THE DISINTEGRATION OF A GLOBAL ECONOMY At the end of the 1920s international business was extensive and widely spread around the world. It had grown rapidly for the previous half century in response to capital mobility and trade protectionism, demand for raw materials and foodstuffs generated by the second industrial revolution, the spread of colonialism, widespread acceptance of international property laws that reduced the risks of financial direct investment (FDI), and improvements in transport and communications. Many multinational enterprises (MNEs) were widely spread. Among them were Ford and General Motors, Nestlé and Unilever, and Shell and Standard Oil of New Jersey, but thousands of small and medium-sized firms had also invested abroad - sometimes in clusters or networks with other firms. John Dunning has suggested that world FDI had reached around one-third of total world foreign investment, or $14,582 million, by 1914, equivalent to around 9 percent of world output. Despite the disruption of the war, FDI grew further in the 1920s; it had reached $26,350 million by 1938. At the end of the 1920s, most of the stock of world FDI originated from a handful of Western European economies, especially the United Kingdom, accounting for around 40 percent of it. The United States accounted for no more than 25 percent of world FDI, though it had probably replaced the United Kingdom in flows during the 1920s. Latin America and Asia probably accounted for more than 50 percent of FDI stock. © Cambridge University Press 2005 and Cambridge University Press, 2009.},
references={Wilkins, M., (1974) The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Dunning, J.H., Changes in the level and structure of international production: The last one hundred years (1983) The Growth of International Business, , Mark Casson (London: Allen & Unwin; Jones, G., (1996) The Evolution of International Business, , London: International Thomson Business Press; Vaupel, J.W., Curhan, J.P., (1969) The Making of Multinational Enterprise, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Curhan, J.P., Davidson, W.H., Suri, R., (1977) Tracing the Multinationals, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Bordo, M.D., Taylor, A.M., Williamson, J.G., (2003) Globalization in Historical Perspective, , (), Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Jones, G., (1993) British Multinational Banking, 1830-1990, pp. 398-399. , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Meuleau, M., (1990) Des Pionniers En Extreme-Orient, , Paris: Fayard; Gales, B.P.A., Sluyterman, K.E., Outward bound: The rise of dutch multinationals (1993) The Rise of Multinationals in Continental Europe, pp. 68-69. , Geoffrey Jones and Harm G. Schroter (Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar; Tamaki, N., The yokohama specie bank: A multinational in the japanese interest, 1879-1931 (1990) Banks as Multinationals, Ed, , Geoffrey Jones (London: Routledge; Jones, G., (1998) The Multinational Traders, , London: Routledge; Yoshihara, H., (1987) Business History of General Trading Companies, , Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Jones, G., (1986) British Multinationals: Origins, Management and Performance, , Aldershot, England: Gower; Chandler, A.D., (1990) Scale and Scope, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Jones, G., Bostock, F., U.S. Multinationals in british manufacturing before 1962 (1996) Business History Review, p. 70; Cantwell, J.A., The globalisation of technology: What remains of the product cycle model? (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economics, p. 19; Maeda, K., General trading companies in pre-war japan: A sketch General Trading Companies, pp. 101-102. , Shin’ichi Yonekawa; Sluyterman, K.E., Dutch multinational trading companies in the twentieth century The Multinational Traders, pp. 89-90. , Geoffrey Jones; Wurm, C., (1993) Business, Politics and International Relations, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Harm, G.S., Cartels as a form of concentration in industry: The example of the international dyestuffs cartel from 1927 to 1939 (1988) German Yearbook on Business History; Reich, L.S., General electric and the world cartelization of electric lamps (1992) International Cartels in Business History, Ed, , Akira Kudo and Terachi Hara (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Barbezat, D., A price for every product, every place: The international steel export cartel, 1933-39 (1991) Business History, p. 33; Bamberg, J.H., (1994) The History of the British Petroleum Company, 2, pp. 107-117. , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Navin, T.R., (1978) Copper Mining and Management, pp. 132-137. , Tucson: University of Arizona Press; Hennart, J.-F., The tin industry (1986) Multinationals and World Trade, pp. 232-234. , Mark Casson (London: Allen & Unwin; Stocking, G.W., Watkins, M.W., (1946) Cartels in Action, , New York: The Twentieth Century Fund; Spar, D.L., (1994) The Co-Operative Edge, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Wilson, C., (1954) The History of Unilever, 2, pp. 365-371. , London: Cassell & Co; McDowall, D., (1988) The Light: Brazilian Traction, Light and Power Company Limited, 1899-1945, , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Dassbach, C.H.A.C., (1989) Global Enterprises and the World Economy, , New York: Garland Press; Kuwahara, T., Trends in research on overseas expansion by japanese enterprises prior to world war ii (1990) Japanese Yearbook on Business History; Williams, M.L., The extent and significance of the nationalisation of foreign-owned assets in developing countries, 1956-1972 (1975) Oxford Economic Papers; Kobrin, S.J., Expropriation as an attempt to control foreign firms in ldls: Trends from 1969 to 1979 (1984) International Studies Quarterly; Bamberg, J., (2000) British Petroleum and the Political Economy of International Oil, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Fieldhouse, D.K., (1994) Merchant Capital and Economic Decolonization, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Mason, M., (1992) American Multinationals and Japan, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Kipping, M., Sauviat, C., Global management consultancies: Their evolution and structure (1996) University of Reading Discussion Papers in International Investment and Business Studies, 9. , ser. B; McKenna, C.D., The origins of modern management consultancy (1995) Business and Economic History, p. 24; Channon, D.F., (1973) The Strategy and Structure of British Enterprises, , London: Macmillan; Thanheiser, H.T., (1976) The Emerging European Enterprise: Strategy and Structure in French and German Industry, , London: Macmillan; Kogut, B., Parkinson, D., The diffusion of american organizing principles to europe (1993) Country Competitiveness, Ed, , Bruce Kogut (New York: Oxford University Press; West, D.C., From t-square to t-plan: The london office of the J. Walter thompson advertising agency, 1919-70 (1987) Business History, p. 29; Terpstra, V., Chwo-Ming, Y., Determinants of foreign investment by U.S. Advertising agencies (1988) Journal of International Business Studies, p. 19; Collins, E.J.T., Brands and breakfast cereals in britain (1994) Adding Value: Brands and Marketing in Food and Drink, , Geoffrey Jones and Nicholas J. Morgan (London: Routledge; Go, F.M., Pine, R., (1995) Globalization Strategy in the Hotel Industry, , London: Routledge; Hollander, S.C., (1970) Multinational Retailing, , East Lansing: Michigan State University Press; Love, J.F., (1987) Mcdonald’S: Behind the Arches, , New York: Boston; Lopes, T.S., The impact of multinational investment on alcohol consumption since the 1960s (1999) Business and Economic History; Reed, H.C., (1981) The Pre-Eminence of International Financial Centers, , New York: Praeger; Darby, M.R., The internationalization of american banking and finance (1986) Journal of International Money and Finance, p. 5; Yoshino, M.Y., Lifson, T.B., (1986) The Invisible Link: Japan’S Sogo Shosha and Organization of Trade, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Broehl, W.G., (1992) Cargill: Trading the World’S Grain, , Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; Schroter, H.G., Kartellierung und dekartellierung 1890-1990 (1994) Vierteljahrschrift F¨Ur Sozial-Und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, p. 81; Dunning, J.H., (1958) American Investment in British Manufacturing Industry, , London: Allen & Unwin; Bartlett, C.A., Ghoshal, S., (1989) Managing across Borders: The Transnational Solution, , Boston: Harvard Business School Press; Jones, G., Control, performance and knowledge transfers in large multinationals (2002) Business History Review, 76, p. 3; Dunning, J., (1993) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, p. 16. , London: Addison-Wesley; Kenney, M., Florida, R., (1993) Beyond Mass Production, , New York: Oxford University Press; Abo, T., (1994) Hybrid Factory, , New York: Oxford University Press; Lipsey, R.E., Foreign direct investment in the united states: Changes over three decades (1994) Foreign Direct Investment, , Kenneth A. Froot (Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Patel, P., Pavitt, K., Large firms in the production of the world’s technology: An important case of non-globalization (1991) Journal of International Business Studies, p. 22; Shapiro, H., (1994) Engines of Growth: The State and Transnational Auto Companies in Brazil, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; van Hoesel, R., (1997) Beyond Export-Led Growth: The Emergence of New Multinational Enterprises from Korea and Taiwan, , Ph.D. diss., Erasmus University, Rotterdam; Lall, S., (1983) The New Multinationals: The Spread of Thirdworld Enterprises, , New York: Wiley & Sons; Wells, L.T., (1983) Third World Multinationals: The Rise of Foreign Investment from Developing Countries, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Brown, R.A., Overseas chinese investments in china - patterns of growth, diversification and finance: The case of charoen pokphand (1998) The China Quarterly, p. 155; Pananond, P., Zeithaml, C.P., The international expansion process of mnes from developing countries: A case study of thailand’s cp group (1998) Asia Pacific Journal of Management, p. 15; Wilkins, M., Schroter, H.G., (1998) The Free-Standing Company in Theworld Economy, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Chandler, A.D., The united states: Engines of economic growth in the capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries (1997) Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, , Alfred D. Chandler, Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Reich, R., (1992) The Work of Nations, , New York: Vintage Books; Hu, Y.S., Global or stateless firms are national firms with international operations (1992) California Management Review, p. 34},
correspondence_address1={Jones, G.; Harvard Business SchoolUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511512025; 0521840619; 9780521840613},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Leviathans: Multinational Corporations and the New Global History},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Caraway2005399,
author={Caraway, T.L.},
title={The Political Economy of Feminization: From “Cheap Labor” to Gendered Discourses of Work},
journal={Politics and Gender},
year={2005},
volume={1},
number={3},
pages={399-429},
doi={10.1017/S1743923X05050105},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33747192508&doi=10.1017%2fS1743923X05050105&partnerID=40&md5=ab9d4fd39748dce94096cee82264b210},
affiliation={University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States},
abstract={Scholars have argued that the feminization of industrial work in developing countries since World War II is primarily a result of women being the cheapest source of labor in the global economy. I argue that scholarship on feminization underestimates the power of gender in labor markets by framing it primarily as an issue of lower wages. This article shows how gendered discourses of work—ideas and practices about men and women providing distinct forms of labor—play a critical role in the feminization process. While agreeing with feminization theorists that competitiveness in export sectors forces employers to reduce production costs, I show that firms and sectors facing similar competitive constraints deploy varied gender divisions of labor in production. Gendered discourses of work not only illuminate processes of job allocation and reallocation at the firm level but also provide a means of connecting shop-floor gender divisions of labor with broader gendered patterns of industrialization and help to explain puzzling empirical patterns. They are as important as, and in some cases more important than, wages. By tracing the processes through which work is gendered and regendered, the analysis opens the black box of feminization and shows how changes in industrialization policy set in motion gendered transformations that ultimately resulted in the feminization of manufacturing work in Indonesia. © 2005, The Women and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Caraway, T.L.; University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States},
issn={1743923X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Polit. Gender},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Scott2005231,
author={Scott, A.J.},
title={Regional motors of the global economy [Les moteurs régionaux de l'économie mondiale]},
journal={Geographie Economie Societe},
year={2005},
volume={7},
number={3},
pages={231-253},
doi={10.3166/ges.7.231-253},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744438502&doi=10.3166%2fges.7.231-253&partnerID=40&md5=5083f16359fe05391dd1c7de58b07c0c},
abstract={The thesis of this article is world capitalism is moving into a phase of development marked by an intensified regionalisation of production overlaid by - and rooted in - a global division of labour. In this process, a significant reallocation of economic coordination and steering functions is occurring, away from the sovereign state, up to the international and down to the regional levels. The historical development of the global capitalist system over the post-World-War-II years is reviewed. The mechanism underlying the growth and spread of large agglomerations of productive activity throughout the world are then elucidated. The combined processes of global integration and regional concentration of economic activity raise important questions about appropriate forms of regulation in the new world order, and some evolving tendencies are described. The article ends on a speculative note in which the possible emergence of something like a worldwide system of city-states at the dawn of the 21st century is contemplated. © 2005 Lavoisier, Paris. Tous droits réservés.},
author_keywords={City-states of 21st century;  Economic history;  Globalisation;  Productivity;  Regional development},
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publisher={Lavoisier},
issn={1295926X},
language={French},
abbrev_source_title={Geogr. Econ. Soc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ruger200560,
author={Ruger, J.P.},
title={The changing role of the World Bank in global health},
journal={American Journal of Public Health},
year={2005},
volume={95},
number={1},
pages={60-70},
doi={10.2105/AJPH.2004.042002},
note={cited By 99},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11444254724&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.2004.042002&partnerID=40&md5=bdb44122de8a77416e1ff44fe2c980a3},
affiliation={Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Yale University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, United States},
abstract={The World Bank began operations on June 25, 1946. Although it was established to finance European reconstruction after World War II, the bank today is a considerable force in the health, nutrition, and population (HNP) sector in developing countries. Indeed, it has evolved from having virtually no presence in global health to being the world's largest financial contributor to health-related projects, now committing more than $1 billion annually for new HNP projects. It is also one of the world's largest supporters in the fight against HIV/AIDS, with commitments of more than $1.6 billion over the past several years. I have mapped this transformation in the World Bank's role in global health, illustrating shifts in the bank's mission and financial orientation, as well as the broader changes in development theory and practice. Through a deepened understanding of the complexities of development, the World Bank now regards investments in HNP programs as fundamental to its role in the global economy.},
keywords={developing country;  health program;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  investment;  nutrition;  population;  public health;  review, History, 20th Century;  Humans;  Public Health;  United Nations;  World Health},
funding_details={National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health, NIH},
funding_details={National Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA, K01DA016358},
funding_details={United States Agency for International DevelopmentUnited States Agency for International Development, USAID},
funding_details={Rockefeller FoundationRockefeller Foundation},
funding_details={Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT},
funding_text 1={The author is supported in part by a Career Development Award from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grant 1K01DA01635810).},
funding_text 2={McNamara's attention then turned to nutrition, motivated in part by the International Conference on Nutrition, National Development, and Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971 and the International Nutrition Planning Program established in 1972 at the university and funded by the Rockefeller Foundation and U.S. Agency for International Development ( Kapur et al., 1997 ). In November 1970, biochemist James Lee became the bank's scientific advisor and was responsible for nutrition policy along with other areas of science ( Kapur et al., 1997 ). In his speech at the bank's 1971 annual meeting, McNamara emphasized that “malnutrition is widespread and it limits the physical, and often the mental growth of hundreds of millions and it is a major barrier to human development” ( World Bank, 2003b ). By January 1972, the World Bank report Possible Bank Actions on Malnutrition Problems led to the establishment of a bank nutrition unit. In 1973, Alan Berg's book The Nutrition Factor and a 1973 nutrition policy paper, which called for a more active role in nutrition, reinforced McNamara's support for eventual bank lending in that area ( Kapur et al., 1997 : 253–254). However, the bank did not approve its first loan for nutrition (to Brazil for $19 million) until 1976 ( World Bank, 2007f ).},
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M. Merson, R. Black, A. Mills, New York: Aspen Publishers; Ruger, J.P., Catastrophic health expenditure (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 996-997. , Sep 20; Abbasi, K., The World Bank and World Health: Interview with Richard Feachem (1999) British Medical Journal, 318, pp. 1206-1208; Wagstaff, A., Economics, Health and Development: Some Ethical Dilemmas Facing the World Bank and the International Community (2000) Journal of Medical Ethics, 27, pp. 262-267; Comprehensive Development Framework, , http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/STRATEGIES/CDF/0,, pagePK:60447~theSitePK:140576,00.html; Sen, A.K., (1999) Development As Freedom, , New York: Knopf; Ruger, J.P., Health and Development (2003) Lancet, 362, p. 678; Combating HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries (2004) British Medical Journal, 329, pp. 121-122; Ruger, J.P., Health and Social Justice (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1075-1080; Ruger, J.P., Ethics of the Social Determinants of Health (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 1092-1097; Ruger, J.P., (1998) Justice and Health Policy: Capability and Incompletely Theorized Agreements, , Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University; Narayan, D., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A., Koch-Schulte, S., (2000) Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us?, , New York: Oxford University Press; Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M.K., Petesch, P., (2000) Voices of the Poor: Crying out for Change, , New York: Oxford University Press; (2001) World Development Report, 2000-2001: Attacking Poverty, , New York: Oxford University Press; Ruger, J.P., Millennium development goals for health: Building human capabilities (2004) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (12), pp. 951-952},
correspondence_address1={Ruger, J.P.; Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, United States; email: jennifer.ruger@yale.edu},
issn={00900036},
coden={AJPEA},
pubmed_id={15623860},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. J. Public Health},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Veney2004173,
author={Veney, C.R.},
title={A sustainable U.S. foreign policy toward Africa: Promoting human rights, development, and the rule of law},
journal={Human Rights, the Rule of Law, and Development in Africa},
year={2004},
pages={173-187},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898221988&partnerID=40&md5=50d4901b8793203f00e9382fd52dea83},
affiliation={Department of African and African Americans Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States},
abstract={The United States has historically had a nebulous foreign policy agenda toward Africa. Although America's creed has always been liberty, freedom, and justice for all, these principles have not always guided its policy toward Africa. United States policy toward Africa has fundamentally been based on its national interests, which have shifted over time. During the Cold War, the major components of U.S. foreign policy toward Africa were the East-West rivalry, rooted in containing the speed of communism on the continent, maintaining access to strategic minerals, including oil in the Middle East, and bilateral aid (Shraeder, 1992; Forsythe, 1990; Bienen, 1993).1 Given these priorities, human rights were virtually left off the foreign policy agenda under most presidential administrations (Smith 1998). Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, many feared that Africa's marginalized position in U.S. policy would go from bad to worse with the increased economic, diplomatic, and humanitarian attention focused toward the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Proponents of Africa had their worst fears confirmed as aid to Africa decreased, along with the closure and downsizing of diplomatic posts in some African countries (Payne, 1994). The House Foreign Mfairs Committee threatened to combine its African subcommittee with the Latin America subcommittee. The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) had to intervene to prevent the merger (Michaels, 1993). With these new developments it was feared that Human Rights would all but disappear from America's policy toward Africa. With renewed interest in Africa following Congressional deliberation on the African Growth and Opportunity Act, President Clinton's visit to several African countries in 1998, and the passage of the Africa: Seeds for Hope Act, it was anticipated that the United States would develop a more comprehensive foreign policy agenda toward Africa to include human rights, development, and respect for the rule of law. However, the postCold War U.S. policy toward Africa is clearly based on private investment and liberalization of African markets in an effort to bring it into the global economy. It is clear that both state and nonstate actors will have to playa vital role in implementing this policy. In light of these new foreign policy objectives toward Africa during the post-Cold War period, this chapter attempts to examine the role of state actors in the creation and implementation of U.S. policy toward Rwanda, Somalia, and Nigeria during the post-Cold War period. In addition, it examines the emerging policy toward Africa that emphasizes trade over aid and discusses whether the new partnership with Africa will lead to a reduction in human rights violations and an establishment of the rule of law-all of which are expected to increase development. Any discussion of state actors and foreign policy should focus on the presidential administration to include the Departments of State, Defense, Treasury, and Commerce, the National Security Council, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In addition, the role of Congress needs to be examined for several reasons. Because Congress has the power of appropriation, it plays a vital role in setting the tone for U.S.-Africa relations. Congress not the president has the constitutional authority to appropriate and authorize funding to meet the country's foreign policy objectives. Daniel P. Volman (1998) argues that following the collapse of Soviet Union, Congress has played an increasing role in the U. S.-Africa relations in terms of passing legislation, holding committee and subcommittee hearings on issues pertaining to Africa, and appropriating funds for governmental agencies that operate in Africa. In addition, when U.S. policy toward Africa is examined particular emphasis should be placed on the role of the Congressional Black Caucus. The Caucus, which currently has thirty-nine members, has organized itself to be a very effective player in foreign policy in spite of a number of potential setbacks. Members of the CBC are disproportionally Democrats and when the Republicans became the majority party in 1994 the CBC faced the termination of funding and office space in 1995. Despite these battles, the CBC demanded from its colleagues in the House and Senate sanctions against Nigeria and the return of Haiti's former president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide. It is well documented in the literature on ethnicity and U.S. foreign policy that various groups attempt to influence policy toward their ancestral homes (Dickson 1996; Karioki 1991; Kilson 1992; Morris 1992; Payne 1994; Shain 1995). African Americans are no exception. African American-led organizations such as TransAfrica, the National Summit on Africa, Africare, International Human Rights Law Group, and the Constituency for Africa are playing significant roles in shaping America's policy toward Africa. The predecessors to these organizations include the Council of African Mfairs and the American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa (Leanne 1998). Furthermore, foreign policy decisions resulting from the ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to most favored nation status granted to China have witnessed the role and importance of state and other actors. These include state governors, mayors of large cities, state legislatures, and organizations that represent state actors such as Blacks in Government, the National Conference of Mayors, and the Black Conference of Mayors. The central thesis of this chapter is the role of state actors in formulating a sustainable foreign policy toward Africa and the need to reexamine the existing ones. The new state actors are interested in forging new economic links with Africa to benefit their constituents, cities, and states. They will have a vital role in putting human rights back on the foreign policy agenda toward Africa. State actors, whether they represent national, state or local constituencies, take their political cues from nonstate actors. In other words, if human rights are to become an important component of U.S. foreign policy toward Africa, nonstate actors will have to demonstrate an interest. Because the post-Cold War policy toward Africa is predicated on trade rather than aid, the business community will have to take a lead in promoting human rights in Africa. Copyright © 2004 University of Pennsylvania Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Rice, S., (1999) U. S. and Africa in the 21st Century, , testimony before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Africa, November 9; (1996) Foreign Broadcast Information Service, African Daily Report, , November 19; Rice, S., (1998) Nigeria Stands at Important Crossroads, p. 1. , testimony before the House of Representatives Committee on International relations, June 25; Daley, W., (1998) Remarks to the U.S.-Nigerian Business Community, , Abuja, Nigeria, December 6},
correspondence_address1={Veney, C.R.; Department of African and African Americans Studies, United States},
publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press},
isbn={9780812237832},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hum. Rights, the Rule of Law, and Devmt. in Africa},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Berkemer200456,
author={Berkemer, G.},
title={Bhopal - 20 years later [Bhopal - 20 Jahre danach]},
journal={Geographische Rundschau},
year={2004},
volume={56},
number={12},
pages={56-61},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10844264684&partnerID=40&md5=1320894da0eb7d71d5aa2c8e316d0052},
affiliation={Südasien-Institut, Abt. Geschichte, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 348, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany},
abstract={The Bhopal Disaster of 1984 came into the focus of the international media. A rare combination of India as a country with a free press, the new satellite technology and the at the time amateurish "information management" by Union Carbide, set a forum for worldwide discussions of technical safety standards, the role of Third World countries in what we now call the global economy, the conflicting interests of victims and stake holders on one hand, and that of governments, multi-nationals and share holders on the other. In comparison with later incidents of exposure to chemical and nuclear hazards (Chernobyl, the gas leak in West China, the Golf Wars, nuclear and chemical hazards in Russia, Exxon Valdez and other oil spills), information became more and more tightly controlled by the interested parties, such as governments and multinational companies. Even twenty years after the Bhopal disaster, there remain many unknown victims and open questions. The event has been aestheticised in books, plays and photo exhibitions, many a sentimental story has been published, and victims still fight for justice. Meanwhile, Union Carbide has been taken over by Dow Chemical, but the new owner refuses to acknowledge any liability resulting from the takeover - in India at least, while it has earmarked 2 billion US$ to address Union Carbide's asbestos liabilities in the US.},
keywords={accident;  chemical industry;  historical perspective;  industrial emission, Asia;  Bhopal;  Eastern Hemisphere;  Eurasia;  India;  Madhya Pradesh;  South Asia;  World},
references={Cassels, J., (1993) The Uncertain Promise of Law, , Lessons from Bhopal. Toronto; Chouhan, T.R., (1994) Bhopal, the Inside Story, , Carbide Workers Speak out on the World's Worst Industrial Disaster. With an Afterword, Bhopal Ten Years After by Claude Alvares and Indira Jaising. Mapusa/New York; Classen, D., (1986) Die Vergiftete Meinung. Eine Kritische Analyse Ereignisbezogener Berichterstattung Von Massenmedien Am Beispiel "Chemieunglück in Bhopal", , Köln; D'Silva, T.D.J., Lopes, A., Jones, R.L., Studies of Methyl Isocyanate Chemistry in the Bhopal Incident (1986) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 51, pp. 3781-3788; Gupta, B.N., Rastogi, S.K., Chandra, H., Effect of Exposure to Toxic Gas on the Population of Bhopal: Part I - Epidemiological, Clinical, Radiological and Behavioural Studies (1988) Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 26, pp. 149-160; Hays, L., Koenig, R., Dissecting Disaster: How Union Carbide Fleshed Out Its Theory of Sabotage at Bhopal. Its Investigators Scoured India Hunting for Ex-Workers, Ruled Out Any, Mistake' - But Indians Don't Buy Idea (1988) The Wall Street Journal International, 8 (7); Hazarika, S., (1998) Bhopal. The Lessons of a Tragedy, , New Delhi; Khandekar, S., Dubey, S., Bhopal - City of Death (1984) India Today International, 9 (24), pp. 4-20; Labunska, I., Stephenson, A., Brigden, K., (1999) The Bhopal Legacy, , Toxic Containments at the Former Union Carbide Factory Site, Bhopal, India: 15 Years after the Accident. Amsterdam; (1990) Assessment of Pollution Damage Due to Solar Evaporation Ponds at UCIL, , National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (Nagpur): Bhopal. Bhopal; Pohlkamp, M., Rolf, A., Schräder, W., (2004) Prozessstörungen Als Risikofaktor in Der Chemischen Industrie, , Der Fall "Bhopal" von Union Carbide www.krisennavigator.de/rifa4-d.htm, 13.09; Rastogi, S.K., Gupta, B.N., Husain, T., Effect of Exposure to Toxic Gas on the Population of Bhopal: Part II - Respiratory Impairment (1988) Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 26, pp. 161-170; Shrivastava, P., (1987) Bhopal. Anatomy of a Crisis, , Cambridge; Subramanian, A., The Dangers of Diagnostic Delay (1985) Business India, pp. 128-133. , August; (1985) Bhopal Disaster, , TED Case Studies: www.american.edu/TED/BHOPAL.html Union Carbide Corporation: Bhopal Methyl Isocyanate Incident Investigation Team Report. Danbury; Weir, D., (1988) The Bhopal Syndrome. Pesticides, Environment and Health, , London},
correspondence_address1={Berkemer, G.; Südasien-Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 348, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; email: gberkemer@t-online.de},
issn={00167460},
language={German},
abbrev_source_title={Geogr. Rundsch.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Geistenfeld2004126,
author={Geistenfeld, A. and Njoroge, R.J.},
title={Foundation and funding opportunities for globalization},
journal={2004 International Symposium on Technology and Society, ISTAS '04 Globalizing Technological Education},
year={2004},
pages={126-132},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2004 International Symposium on Technology and Society, ISTAS '04 Globalizing Technological Education ; Conference Date: 17 June 2004 Through 19 June 2004;  Conference Code:63823},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7744237731&partnerID=40&md5=f0dc3f0ea6ea20fc1d2776a558b858d7},
affiliation={Department of Management, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States; Worcester Polytechnic, United States},
abstract={Globalization is a market-driven phenomenon that attained special impetus and momentum with the demise of the Soviet Union and the simultaneous end of the Cold War era. It is the construction of a global economy largely through the activities of private firms that are moving their economic activities around the world. In this paper we will see the need for engaging in globalization as expressed by the American business community and the United States government that is funding educational institutions to promote globalization as a means of furthering U.S. economic interests in the world. We will, in particular, describe the international implications of the rationale underlying the funding that the U.S. government has channeled through the Department of Education Business and International Education (BIE) program and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). We will also discuss the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) as a case study that has received funding from the two mentioned arms of the federal government for the promotion of business-oriented educational programs and projects in Latin America and Africa as a foundation for more meaningful economic interaction between the U.S. and these parts of the world culminating in greater globalization. Our emphasis in this paper is the relationship between U.S. and the continent of Africa in the contest of globalizatio.},
keywords={Business-oriented educational programs;  Free-market capitalism;  Globalization;  Trade Development Agency (TDA);  Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Economics;  Education;  Investments;  Marketing;  Project management;  Social aspects;  Societies and institutions, International trade},
references={(2004) African Growth and Opportunity Act, , http://www.docp.wright.edu/bie/index.html, Section 102 of Public Law 106-200, 2000. Business and International Education (BIE) Home Page: Retrieved January 11; Diamond, J., (1999) Guns, Gems, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, , New York: Norton; (2002) Federal Register, 67 (169). , Friday, August 30, Notices (See Department of Education Section and the Priority sub-section); Ferraro, G., (2004) Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective, , Belmont: CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning; Friedman, T., (1999) The Lexus and the Olive Tree, , New York: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux; Gerstenfeld, A., Njoroge, R., Business education: A global focus (2002) The International Journal of Business Disciplines, 12 (2). , Fall/Winter; Gerstenfeld, A., Njoroge, R., African growth and opportunity act (AGOA) (2003) The International Journal of Business Disciplines, 14 (2). , Fall/Winter; Greider, W., (1997) One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Capitalism, , New York: Simon & Schuster; Micklethwait, J., Wooldridge, A., (2000) Future Perfect: The Challenge and Hidden Promise of Globalization, , New York: Crown; Mikel, G., Lyman, P., African policy in the Clinton years (2001) Center for Strategic and International Studies (CIS) Africa Program Study, , April Washington, D.C; Shaikh, A., US official comments on AGOA trade act (2001) Addis Tribune, , Addis Ababa, June 22; TDA BY REGION & SECTOR. 2001; Thurow, L., (2003) Fortune Favors the Bold: What We Must Do to Build a New and Lasting Global Prosperity, p. 1. , New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc; (2004), http://www.usaid.gov/about_usaid/, Retrieved January 11},
correspondence_address1={Geistenfeld, A.; Department of Management, , Worcester, MA, United States},
sponsors={IEEE Society on the Social Implications of Technology; Worcester Institute of Technology; ACM Special Interest Group on Computers; Association of Internet Research; AIEA-Association of International Education Administrators},
address={Worcester, MA},
isbn={0780383907; 9780780383906},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Technol. Soc. ISTAS Globalizing Technol. Educ.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Su20041,
author={Su, X.-Y.},
title={Chemical industry worldwide 2003},
journal={Xiandai Huagong/Modern Chemical Industry},
year={2004},
volume={24},
number={11},
pages={1-9},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344256944&partnerID=40&md5=d979a1999b42bea977ab12f235fa0ddd},
affiliation={China Natl. Chem. Info. Ctr., Beijing 100029, China},
abstract={In the first half of year 2003 and until the second half of 2003, the non- market factors like the Iraqi War, SARS, etc., and high cost of energy and raw materials, overly beat down the world chemical industry which had just begun to revive. But now US took a fast forward and Europe began to warm up and also Japan rose again, despite of unsuccessfulness in achieving the set goal of reviving the global economy in 2003. Especially driven by China's fast-increasing economy, Asia had been leading the way of the world economy, and the chemical industry in the world over showed a go-up.},
author_keywords={Chemical industry;  Import and export;  Production;  Trade;  Worldwide},
correspondence_address1={Su, X.-Y.; China Natl. Chem. Info. Ctr., Beijing 100029, China},
issn={02534320},
coden={HTKUD},
language={Chinese},
abbrev_source_title={Huagong Xiandai},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sanadjian2004665,
author={Sanadjian, M.},
title={Fetishised liberty, the fear of the other and the global juridical rule in Iraq},
journal={Social Identities},
year={2004},
volume={10},
number={5},
pages={665-687},
doi={10.1080/1350463042000294296},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644247373&doi=10.1080%2f1350463042000294296&partnerID=40&md5=292e08f048d3bada68a69c82681a2905},
affiliation={University of Manchester, Department of Social Anthropology, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={The US-led military invasion of Iraq in March 2003 was a further development in the global economy of violence which has progressively not only made Iraqis redundant as national-political subjects but has also stripped them of civility, without which no form of power can become legitimate, and turned them into a 'disposable population'. The projection of global disorder onto Iraqi national borders made the country a testing ground for the USA to establish its sovereignty in the global space that had become 'paranoid' in post-11 September 2001. The promotion of democracy and freedom, the ethical companions of this imperial expansion, was a global transposition of the national role assumed by the liberal state as the agent that constitutes free people. Thus, the Truth of the liberal state as the giver of liberty was deployed by the imperial power as the agent destined to turn the Truth into the Goal (Telos) of history, of which everyone, Iraqis or otherwise, becomes a subject at the expense of being a historical subject - acting in history. Far from expanding, however, a democratic politics in which power and right are kept apart through recourse to the notion of legality, the military invasion was a juridical exercise of power in which right becomes the right of the ruler to rule. Without politics and a hegemonic construction of the universal mediated by association of citizens the fear of the Other remained uncivilised. While the global ruler has perpetuated and normalised this fear through recourse to the notion of 'just war' the Iraqi 'surrogates' for popular intervention have launched with a deadly consequence their own version of this notion. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.},
keywords={international relations;  military intervention;  sovereignty;  war, Asia;  Eastern Hemisphere;  Eurasia;  Iraq;  Middle East;  World},
references={Althusser, L., (1976) Essays in Self-Criticism, , London: NLB; Althusser, L., Machiavelli's solitude (1988) Economy & Society, 17, pp. 468-479. , 4, November; Arendt, H., Truth and politics (1967) Philosophy, Politics and Society, , P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman (eds), Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Balibar E, The long march for peace (1982) Exterminism and Cold War, , E.P. Thompson et al. (eds), (eds) London: Verso/NLB; Balibar, E., The nation form: History and ideology (1991) Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities, , E. Balibar and I. Wallerstein, London: Verso; Balibar, E., (1994) Masses, Classes, Ideas, , London: Routledge; Balibar, E., Culture and identity (working notes) (1995) The Identity in Question, , J. Rajchman (ed.), New York: Routledge; Balibar, E., What makes a people a people? Rousseau and Kant (2000) Masses, Classes and the Public Sphere, , K. Hill and W. Montag (eds.), London: Verso; Balibar, E., (2002) Politics and the Other Scene, , London: Verso; Benjamin, W., (1973) Illuminations, , London: Fontanaa Press; Cherniavsky, M., (1961) Tsar and People: Studies in Russian Myths, , New Haven: Yale University Press; Cockburn, A., Cockburn, P., (2002) Saddam Hussein: an American Obsession, , London: Verso; Davis, J., (1992) Exchange, , Buckingham: Open University Press; De Certeau, M., (1984) The Practice of Everyday Life, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Foucault, M., The subject and power (1982) Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, , H.L. Dryfus and P. Rabinow (eds), Brighton: Harvester Press; Gramsci, A., (1971) Selection from the Prison Notebooks, , ed. and trans. by Q. Hoare and G. Nowell-Smith, London: Lawrence & Wishart; Gramsci, A., (1985) Selection from Cultural Writings, , ed. by D. Forgas and G. Nowell-Smith, trans. W. Boelhower, London: Lawrence & Wishart; Hardt, M., Negri, A., (2001) Empire, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Hobsbawm, E., (1990) Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, , Cambridge:CUP; Lefort, C., Politics and human rights (1986) The Political Forms of Modern Society, , Cambridge: MIT Press; Macherey, P., Towards a natural history of norms (1992) Michel Foucauldt, Philosopher: Essays Translated from the French and German, , T.J. Armstrong (ed.), New York: Routledge; Macpherson, C.B., (1973) Democratic Theory: Essays in Retrieval, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Marx, K., (1976) Capital, 1. , Harmondsworth/London: Penguin Books/New Left Review; Mauss, M., (1970) The Gift, , London: RKP; Megill, A., (1985) Prophets of Extremity: Nietzsche, Heideger, Foucault, Derrida, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Pashukanis, E., (1978) Law & Marxism, , London: Ink Links; Ranciere, J., (1995) On the Shores of Politics, , London: Verso; Ranciere, J., Politics, identification, and subjectivization (1995) The Identity in Question, , J. Rajchman (ed.), New York: Routledge; Sanadjian, M., Islamic rule and the strategy for power: The recent presidential election in Iran (1997) Social Identities, 3 (3), pp. 395-405; Thompson, E.P., Notes on the exterminism, the last stage of civilisation (1982) Exterminism and Cold War, , E.P Thompson et al. (eds), London: Verso/NL},
correspondence_address1={Sanadjian, M.; University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: msanadjian@onetel.net.uk},
issn={13504630},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soc. Identities},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Johnston2004441,
author={Johnston, P.},
title={Timber booms, state busts: The political economy of Liberian timber},
journal={Review of African Political Economy},
year={2004},
volume={31},
number={101},
pages={441-456},
doi={10.1080/0305624042000295530},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7744229300&doi=10.1080%2f0305624042000295530&partnerID=40&md5=5af93e74bfaa84116adb959257c46ddc},
affiliation={Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States},
abstract={This article places the political economy of Liberian timber in the context of the theory of state failure. It explores the relationship between private investment, state failure and war, highlighting how Charles Taylor exploited timber concessions to foreign firms as a proxy for effective state institutions in Liberia. It examines the reasons why foreign investment - particularly in Liberia's timber industry - prolonged the civil war and destroyed the country's formal economy. And it challenges the neo-liberal assumption that increased economic activity provides incentives for rulers to build stable institutions and to provide security to investors. Neo-liberal prescriptions coupled with a changing global economy produced no incentive for Charles Taylor, a faction leader from 1989 and Liberia's president from 1997 until exile in 2003, to attempt to develop state institutions or to prevent the collapse of the formal economy. © ROAPE Publications Ltd., 2004.},
keywords={civil war;  industrial investment;  political economy;  timber industry, Africa;  Eastern Hemisphere;  Liberia;  Sub-Saharan Africa;  West Africa;  World},
references={Liberia: What about timber? (2001) Africa Research Bulletin, , 1 April; Bayart, J.-F., Ellis, S., Hibou, B., (1999) The Criminalization of the State in Africa, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Beaumont, P., Liberian Tyrant brings terror to West Africa (2001) Guardian Weekly, , 13 July; Berkeley, B., (2001) The Graves Are Not Yet Full, , New York: Basic Books; Brummer, S., And yet another Liberian drug link (1997) Mail and Guardian, , (South Africa), 12 December; Business resumes in Liberia's seaports (1997) Xinhua News Agency, , 5 September; Chimutashu, J., No to child soldiers (2003) The Herald, , (Harare), 14 November; Large weapons stockpiles could prolong Liberia war (1992) Christian Science Monitor, , 1 December; (2002), http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/li.html, CIA World Factbook: Liberia Available online at; Daniels, A., A bad man in Africa: The murderous Liberian president sees himseif as a Christlike figure (2003) Sunday Telegraph, , (London), 29 June, 25; (1992) The Independent, , (UK), 'EC's Timber Imports Fuel Liberia Civil War', 22 November; Ellis, S., (1999) The Mask of Anarchy, , New York: New York University Press; Farah, D., Liberian leader again finds means to hang on: Taylor exploits timber to keep power (2002) The Washington Post, , 4 June; (2002) Logging Off, , http://www.globalwitness.org/reports/show.php/en.00006.html, Global Witness Organization September, available online at; (2002) The Logs of War, , http://www.globalwitness.org/reports/show.php/en.00011.html, March, available online at; (2001) Taylor Made: The Pivotal Role of Liberia's Forests and Flag of Convenience in Regional Conflict, , http://www.globalwitness.org/reports/show.php/en.00021.html, September, available online at; (2003) The Usual Suspects, , http://www.globalwitness.org/reports/index.php?section=liberia, March, available online at; Hanley, C.J., Loot, limos, and loyal young guns: The strongmen who define an age (1996) Associated Press, , 16 December; His main occupation was stealing (1997) Mail and Guardian, , (Johannesburg), 19 December; Huband, M., (2001) The Skull Beneath the Skin: Africa After the Cold War, , Boulder: Westview Press; Taylor leads rebels on road to tribal revenge (1990) Guardian Weekly, , 8 July; (2002) Liberia: Unravelling, pp. 1-16. , International Crisis Group ICG Africa Briefing Paper, 19 September; (2003) Liberia: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix, pp. 1-56. , http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2003/cr03275.pdf, International Monetary Fund available online at; Investigative report on oriental timber corporation (2000) Global News Wire, , 20 March; Kamara, T., Liberia: The emergence of a criminal state (1999) The Perspective, , 19 October; Lemarchand, R., The CIA in Africa: How Central? How intelligent? (1976) Journal of Modern African Studies, 14 (3), pp. 401-426; Murphy, W., Military patrimonalism and child soldier clientelism in the Liberian and Sierra Leonean civil wars (2003) African Studies Review, 46 (2), pp. 61-87; Mustapha, A.R., (2002) States, Predation, and Violence, , Unpublished paper presented at 10th, General Assembly of CODESRIA, Kampala, Uganda, December; Global witness director speaks On timber and sanctions (2001) The Perspective, , Personal Interview of Global Witness Director Patrick Alley, 29 August; (2001) Taylor Proclaims Progress in Poverty, , 12 February; (2001) UN New Task: Handling of Horrors, , 9 February; Pratt, D., (2001) Sierra Leone: Danger and Opportunity in a Regional Conflict, , Report to Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, 27 July; Reno, W., Clandestine economies, violence and states in Africa (2000) Journal of International Affairs, 53 (2), pp. 433-459; The failure of peacekeeping in Sierra Leone (2001) Current History, pp. 219-225. , May; (1995) State Politics and Corruption in Sierra Leone, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (1998) Warlord Politics and African States, , Boulder: Lynne Rienner; Richburg, K., (1997) Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa, , New York; Ross, M., What do we know about natural resources and civil war (2004) Journal of Peace Research, , http://www.polisci.ucla.edu/faculty/ross/whatdoweknow.pdf, forthcoming, currently available online at; Schatzberg, M., (1991) Mobutu or Chaos? The United States and Zaire, 1960-1990, , Lanham: University Press of America; (2003) SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, , http://projects.sipri.org/milex/mex_database1.html, available online at; Teahjay, M., (2001) Logging Companies As Conduits for Domestic Repression, , http://www.copla.org/teahjaypart1.htm, available online at 'Uncontrolled Logging in Liberia Wreaks All-Around Havoc', Agence France Presse, 27 June; (2003) Background Note: Liberia, , US Department of State Bureau of African Affairs, October; van de Walle, N., (2001) African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Weber, M., (1946) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, , eds. Gerth, H.H. and C.W. Mills, New York: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Johnston, P.; Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; email: johnston@northwestern.edu},
issn={03056244},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2004,
title={Fraport financial results exceed forecasts},
journal={Jane's Airport Review},
year={2004},
number={APR.},
page_count={2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844500688&partnerID=40&md5=0ad1e093a7d605bc6f4519a3b7a0e909},
abstract={Fraport AG, despite the Iraq war, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the weak global economy, has achieved a modest increase in revenues and considerably higher earnings in the year 2003. Fraport Group revenue has rose by 1.7% to EUR1, 834.3 million. The total number of passengers at the Group's airports rose by 1.9% to 70.6 million in 2003. The Group's Frankfurt-Hahn Airport served 2.4 million passengers and again recorded above-average growth of 67.3% on the back of strong low-fare traffic.},
keywords={Air traffic control;  Air transportation;  Airport passenger transportation;  Airport runways;  Industrial economics;  Planning;  Security systems;  Social aspects;  Transportation charges, Fraport AG (CO);  Intercontinental traffic;  Revenues;  Security services, Airports},
issn={09547649},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jane's Airport Rev.},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ramirez200443,
author={Ramirez, B.},
title={Canada's immigration and policy-making in the 19th and 20th centuries: From empire to globalisation [La inmigración y la política inmigratoria en Canadá en los siglos XIX y XX: Del imperio a la globalización]},
journal={Estudios Migratorios Latinamericanos},
year={2004},
number={53},
pages={43-74},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10244242613&partnerID=40&md5=ffa6de350b01fcfce4209f723b3e5a74},
affiliation={Université de Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada},
abstract={Population flows from the British Isles overseas dominate Canadian demographic history in the 19th century, because of its crucial impact on the social, cultural and political development of the colonies. Assisted immigration from all Britain, but mainly from Ireland played a significant role in the first half of the 19th century, wheat producing Ontario being the preferred destination. After the Confederation was created in 1867, Canada continued to favour immigraton from the British Isles; the British, in turn, saw emigration to Canada as a relief to poverty and unemployment. Further requirements of labour led Canadian governments to encourage immigration from Central Europe and Italy. Until the years following World War II, Canadian immigration policy was dominated by a will to meet labor requirements while preserving cultural homogeneity. Changes in local and global economies in the 1960s led to new perspectives in Canadian immigration policies. Great efforts were made to rationalize immigration policy and link it as never before to the needs of the labour market.},
keywords={colonialism;  immigrant population;  immigration policy;  nineteenth century;  policy making;  twentieth century},
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correspondence_address1={Ramirez, B.; Université de Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada},
issn={03267458},
language={Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Estud. Migratorios Lat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Schmidt2004679,
author={Schmidt, D.P.},
title={Intellectual property battles in a technological global economy: A just war analysis},
journal={Business Ethics Quarterly},
year={2004},
volume={14},
number={4},
pages={679-693},
doi={10.5840/beq200414440},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644249637&doi=10.5840%2fbeq200414440&partnerID=40&md5=77d29d596a7cb668528fae2ae262fd59},
affiliation={Department of Business Ethics, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, United States; Univ. of Chicago Divinity School, United States},
abstract={War has broken out in the technological global economy, principally in battles over intellectual property. A particularly fierce aspect of this battle sets people who guard proprietary software against hackers, who want information to be free. The key challenge today is to produce an adequate conceptual lens for seeing what ethically is at stake in this battle. Toward this end, this paper uses the just war tradition to analyze differences between proponents of Free Software and proponents of Open Source Software. This paper's use of three just war criteria-Just Cause, Right Intention, and Discrimination-illustrates how the just war tradition can raise the level of ethical awareness about the intellectual property wars that continue to rage in the technological global economy.},
references={Allen, J.L., (1991) War, , Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press; Auletta, K., (2001) World War 3.0, , New York: Random House; Barr, J., Live and let license (2001) LinuxWorld.com, (MAY 23). , http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/pfindex.html; (2002) GNU GPL FAQ, , http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html; Brooks, P., Gewirtz, P., (1996) Law's Stories, , New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press; Dery, M., (1994) Flame Wars, , Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; Hamerly, J., Paquin, T., Walton, S., Freeing the source: The story of Mozilla (1999) OpenSources, , Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly & Associates; Hauerwas, S., (1985) Character and the Christian Life, , San Antonio: Trinity University Press; Johnson, J.T., (1981) Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War, , Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; (1999) Morality & Contemporary Warfare, , New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press; Johnson, M., (1993) Moral Imagination, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Keane, P.S., (1984) Christian Ethics and Imagination, , Ramsey, N.J.: Paulist Press; Kerber, R., Copyright battles on the web: From Elvis to Wittgenstein (1997) Computers, Ethics, and Society, 2nd Edition, , edited by David M. Ermann, Mary B. Williams, and Michele S. Shauf (New York: Oxford University Press); Lessig, L., (1999) Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, , New York: Basic Books; McCormick, R.A., Double effect, principle of (1986) The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics, , Philadelphia: Westminster Press; McHugh, J., For the love of hacking (1998) Forbes, (AUGUST 10); McNaughton, D., (1988) Moral Vision, , New York: Basil Blackwell Inc; Miller, R.B., (1996) Casuistry and Modern Ethics, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Morgan, G., (1986) Images of Organizations, , Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, Inc; Nahser, F.B., (1997) Learning to Read the Signs, , Woburn, Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann; (2001) New Hacker's Dictionary, Version 4.3.1, , http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/jargon/jargon.html, June 29; (2002) The Open Source Case for Customers, , http://www.opensource.org/advocacy/case_for_customers.php; (2002) The Open Source Case for Hackers, , http://www.opensource.org/advocacy/case_for_hackers.php; Perens, B., The open source definition (1997) The Open Source Initiative, , http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition_plain.php; Pincoffs, E.L., (1986) Quandaries and Virtues, , Lawrence: University Press of Kansas; Ramsey, P., (1983) The Just War, , Lanham, Md.: University Press of America; Raymond, E.S., (1999) The Cathedral and the Bazaar, , Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly & Associates; Solomon, R.C., (1992) Ethics and Excellence, , New York: Oxford University Press; Spinello, R.A., (1995) Ethical Aspects of Information Technology, , Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall; Stallman, R.M., (1991) GNU General Public License, Version 2, , http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt; Stallman, R.M., (2001) Free Software Foundation, , http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html; Stallman, R.M., The GNU project (2001) Open Sources, , ed. Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman, and Mark Stone (Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly & Associates); Stefik, M., (1996) Internet Dreams, , Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Stevens, E., (1997) Developing Moral Imagination, , Kansas City: Sheed & Ward; Stone, A.R., (1995) The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age, , Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Walzer, M., (1992) Just and Unjust Wars, 2nd Edition, , New York: BasicBooks; Warnock, M., (1976) Imagination, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Williams, O.F., (1997) The Moral Imagination, , Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press; White, J.B., (1985) The Legal Imagination, Abridged Edition, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Williams, S., (2002) Free as in Freedom, , Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly & Associates; Wogaman, J.P., (1989) Christian Moral Judgment, , Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press},
correspondence_address1={Schmidt, D.P.; Department of Business Ethics, , Fairfield, CT, United States; email: dschmidt@mail.fairfield.edu},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={1052150X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bus. Ethics Q.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{O’Hara20041,
author={O’Hara, P.A.},
title={Growth and Development in the Global Political Economy: Social structures of accumulation and modes of regulation},
journal={Growth and Development in the Global Political Economy: Social Structures of Accumulation and Modes of Regulation},
year={2004},
pages={1-248},
doi={10.4324/9780203508381},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146404903&doi=10.4324%2f9780203508381&partnerID=40&md5=2c27c30e9bb7b4f4662dc4311fd2c820},
affiliation={Global Political Economy Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth, Australia},
abstract={Recent institutional changes have seen the increasing dominance of globalization and neoliberalism in the world economy. As markets have been deregulated, privatization and unproductive government spending have been promoted. Yet the greater volatility of capitals, the emergence of many financial crises, a decline in trust, and environmental problems have cast doubt on the effectiveness of neoliberal globalization. This book studies the impact of neoliberal globalization on growth and development in the world economy. It scrutinizes whether new social structures of accumulation or modes of regulation have emerged to promote long-term socioeconomic performance in the global economy during the early years of the twenty-first century. Special reference is given to the specific performance of neoliberal governance; transnational corporations; global institutions of money, trade and production; international relations of war and terrorism; financial institutions; and the family-community environment. It is a comprehensive analysis of the degree to which institutional development has managed to promote socioeconomic performance in the global economy. It also presents a thorough policy program of action for long wave upswing in the world economy. It will be especially useful for those scholars and students concerned with issues of governance, global political economy, institutions and macroeconomics. © 2006 Phillip Anthony O’Hara. All rights reserved.},
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Dreyfus and P. Rabinow (eds), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Fukuyama, F., Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda (2002) SAIS Review, 22 (1), pp. 23-37. , Winter-Spring; Poll, G., Survey of Middle Eastern People in the Arabian Gulf on Attitudes to the United States and the War on Terrorism (2002) Gallop Poll, p. 66. , February 2002; Gore, C., The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for Developing Countries (2000) World Development, 28 (5), pp. 789-804; Heller, P., Social Capital as a Product of Class Mobilization and State Intervention:Industrial Workers in Kerala, India (1996) World Development, 24 (6), pp. 1055-1071; Hofman, M.W., A Plea for Islamic Renewal (2001) Islamic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 297-304; Homer-Dixon, T., The Rise of Complex Terrorism (2002) Foreign Policy, pp. 52-77. , January/February; Hyman, A., Muslim Fundamentalism (1985) Conflict Studies, 174, pp. 3-27. , Reprinted in Yonah Alexander (ed.), Middle East Terrorism: Current Threats and Future Prospects, New York and Toronto: Macmillan Publishing Company; Ibrahim, M.H., The Effects of Government Spending on Private Capital Formation:The Case of Malaysia (2001) International Economics, 54 (1), pp. 187-201; Key IEO Findings and Recommendations (2004) IMFSurvey, 33 (15), pp. 230-231; Jackson, S., Domestic Terrorism in the Islamic Legal Tradition (2001) The Muslim World, 91 (3-4), pp. 293-310; Kennedy, M., The 21st Century Conditions Likely to Inspire Terrorism (1998) The Future of Terrorism: Violence in the New Millenium, pp. 185-207. , Harvey W. Kushner (ed.), London and New Delhi: Sage Publications; Klinger, S., Sklar, H., (2002) Titans of the Enron Economy: The Ten Habits of Highly Defective Corporations, , Boston, MA: United for a Fair Economy; Kolodko, G., Transition (1998) World Bank Development Economic Research Group Newsletter, , Washington, DC: World Bank, June; Laopodis, N.T., Effects of Government Spending on Private Investment (2001) Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1563-1577; Lerner, A.P., Functional Finance and the Federal Debt (1943) Social Research, 10, pp. 38-51; Lutz, M.G., Policy Arena: Commodity Terms of trade and Individual Countries’ Net Barter Terms of Trade: Is There an Empirical Relationship (1999) Journal of International Development, 11, pp. 859-870; Miller, N.J., Tsoukis, C., On the Optimality of Public Capital for Long-Run Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Data (2001) Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1117-1129; Munzig, P.G., (2003) Enron and the Economics of Corporate Governance, , Mineo, Department of Economics, Stanford University, June; (2003) The Policy Implications of Social Capital, , Forum Report No. 28. 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Consensus Policies and Divergent Developments in Latin America and Asia, p. 35. , Kiel Discussion Papers, Kiel Institute for World Economics, February; Spotton Visano, B., Financial Crises, Crashes and Speculative Bubbles (2004) Global Political Economy and the Wealth of Nations: Performance, Institutions, Problems and Policies, pp. 224-225. , Phillip Anthony O’Hara (ed.), London and New York: Routledge; Stevenson, J., Pragmatic Counter-Terrorism (2001) Survical: The IISS Quarterly, 43 (4), pp. 35-48; Stiglitz, J., (1998) More Instruments and Broader Goals: Moving Toward the Post Washington Consensus, the 1998 WIDER Annual Lecture, , January 7, Helsinki; Stiglitz, J., Employment, Social Justice and Societal Weil-Being (2002) International Labour Review, 141 (1-2), pp. 9-29; Stiglitz, J., (2002) Development Policies in a World of Globalization, , Paper presented at a seminar to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Brazilian Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES), Rio de Janeiro, September 12-13; Streeton, P., Reflections on Social and Antisocial Capital (2002) Social Capital and Economic Development: Weil-Being in Developing Countries, pp. 40-57. , Jonathan Isham, Thomas Kelly, and Sunder Remaswamy (eds), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edard Elgar; Tobin, J., (1974) The New Economics One Decade Older: The Eliot Janeway Lectures in Honour of Joseph Schumpeter, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Tobin, J., A Proposal for Monetary Reform (1978) Eastern Economic Journal, 4 (3-4), pp. 153-159; Valery, L., Knights, M., Affecting Trust: Terrorism, Internet and Offensive Information Warfare (2000) Terrorism and Political Violence, 12 (1), pp. 15-36; Veblen, T.B., (1919) The Vested Interests and the Common Man, , The Modern Point of View and the New Order, New York: Augustus M. 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(2000) World Bank Research Observer, 15 (2), pp. 251-264. , August; Wray, R.L., (1998) Understanding Modern Money: The Key to Full Employment and Price Stability, , Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar; Dicken, P., (2003) Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, , Fourth Edition, London and Delhi: Sage Publications; Drache, D., (2001) The Post Washington Consensus: The Market Disconnect and the Public Reconnect, , Working Paper of the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, February; Fine, B., Economics Imperialism and the New Development Economics as Kuhnian Paradigm Shift (2002) World Development, 30 (12), pp. 2057-2070; Jayasuriya, K., (2001) Governance, Post Washington Consensus and the New Anti Politics, p. 13. , Working Paper of the Southeast Asia research Centre (SEARC), City University of Hong Kong, Number 2, April; Nikiforos, L.T., Effects of Government Spending on Private Investment (2001) Applied Economics, 33, pp. 1563-1577; Onis, Z., Senses, F., (2003) Rethinking the Emerging Post-Washington Consensus: A Critical Appraisal, , ERC Working Paper in Economics 03/09, Economic Research Centre, Middle Eastern Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, November; Tool, M.R., Bush, P.D., (2003) Institutional Analysis and Economic Policy, , Boston, MA and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Wade, R.H., Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? (2004) World Development, 32 (4), pp. 567-589},
correspondence_address1={O’Hara, P.A.; Global Political Economy Research Unit, Australia},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={9781134435302; 9780203508381},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Growth and Development in the Global Political Economy: Social Structures of Accumul. and Modes of Regulation},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Akira2004111,
author={Akira, K.},
title={Americanization or Europeanization?: The globalization of the Japanese economy},
journal={The Political Economy of Japanese Globalisation},
year={2004},
pages={111-125},
doi={10.4324/9780203645208-17},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141040316&doi=10.4324%2f9780203645208-17&partnerID=40&md5=954e7b5533fcfe80615b186f763ea24d},
affiliation={Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={The internationalization of the Japanese economy has been proclaimed repeatedly even if this observation is limited to the post-war era. The specific meaning of internationalization has varied with each successive wave, but generally speaking, up to the end of the 1980s, the trend was from internal internationalization – the internationalization of the Japanese economy itself – to external internationalization – the international influence of the Japanese economy. The latter can be referred to as ‘international Japanization’. Considering the growing status of Japan in the global economy, such a trend was only natural (Ozawa 1995; Kudō 1994a, 1995a). © 2000 Editorial matter and selection, Peter Drysdale and Ligang Song; individual chapters, the respective contributors. All rights reserved.},
references={Abo, T., Kaigai kigyō wa ima-demo “nihongata wo manandeiru’ (1993) Economisuto, pp. 24-27. , (Overseas firms are still learning ‘Japanese style’), 5 May; Albert, M., (1991) Capitalisme Contre Capitalisme, , Paris: Editions du Seuil; Baba, H., Gendai sekai to nihon kaishashugi (1991) Gendai Nihon Shakai, , (The contemporary world and Japanese companyism) in Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo (ed.), (Contemporary Society 1: Problems and viewpoints), Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Berghahn, V.R., (1986) The Americanisation of West German Industry 1945-1973, , Leamington Spa and New York: Berg; Fruin, M., (1992) The Japanese Enterprise System: Competitive Strategies and Cooperative Structures, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Fukada, Y., Dore, R., (1993) Nihongata Shihonshugi Nakushite Nanno Nihon Ka, , (What Japan without Japanese-style capitalism?), Tokyo: Kōbusha; Gilpin, R., (1975) U.S. Power and The Multinational Corporation: The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment, , New York: Basic Books; Hager, W., Free trade means destabilization (1984) Intereconomics, , January/February: 28-31; Hook, G.D., Japan and the construction of asia-pacific (1996) Regionalism and World Order, , in A. Gamble and A. Payne, London: Macmillan; Kudō, A., A partnership of imbalance: Changes in japan-european economic relations (1994) Annals of the Institute of Social Science, 36, pp. 57-91; Kudō, A., Nihon kigyō no chokusetsu tōshi to yōroppa no keiei fudo (1994) Tai Ōshü Chokusetsu Tōshi No Genjō, , (Japanese direct investment in Europe and the European business climate), in Japan Center for International Finance (ed.), (Current situation of direct investment in Europe), Tokyo: Japan Center for International Finance; Kudō, A., Nichiō keizai kankei no henbō (1995) 20 Seiki Shihonshugi: Haken No henyō to Fukushi Kokka, , (Changes in Japanese-European economic relations), in A. Kudō (ed.), (Twentieth century capitalism: changing patterns of hegemony and welfare states), Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Kudō, A., Japans technology transfer and business management: An analysis from the standpoint of business history’ (1995) Annals of the Institute of Social Science, 37; Kudō, A., Cultural barriers facing exporters to japan: German business in the interwar period (1996) Business History and Business Culture, , in A. Godley and O. M. Westall, Manchester: Manchester University Press; Kudō, A., (1998) Japanese-German Business Relations: Co-Operation and Rivalry in the Inter-War Period, , London: Routledge; Kudō, A., Yōroppa tōgō no shatei: Haken daitai no kanōsei (1998) 20 Seiki Shisutemu: 6 Kino to henyō, , (The range of European integration: possibility of substituting hegemony), in Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo (ed.), (Twentieth century system 6: Functions and changes), Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Lazonick, W., Organizational capabilities in american industry: The rise and decline of managerial capitalism (1990) Business and Economic History, 19. , Second Series; Lazonick, W., (1991) Business Organization and the Myth of the Market Economy, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Nonaka, I., Takeuchi, H., (1995) The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation, , New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ozawa, K., Nichibei kankei no gyakuten (1995) 20 Seiki Shihonshugi: Haken No henyō to Fukushi Kokka, , (The reversion in Japan-US relations), in A. Kudō (ed.), (Twentieth century capitalism: changing patterns of hegemony and welfare states), Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Sasaki, S., Nonaka, I., Nihon ni okeru kagakuteki kanrihō no dōnyu to tenkai (1990) Kagakuteki Kanrihō No Dōnyü to Tenkai: Sono Rekishiteki Kokusai Hikaku, , (Introduction and development of scientific management in Japan), in T. Hara (ed.), (Introduction and development of scientific management: its historical international comparison), Kyoto: Shōwad!; Sasaki, T., (1997) Amerika No Tsüshō Seisaku, , (US trade policy), Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten; Schulz, M., (1998) The EMU and Japan: Economic Policy during Globalization, , Unpublished manuscript; Sunaga, K., Nonaka, I., Amerika keieikanri gihō no nihon e no dōnyu to henyō (1995) Nihon Keieishi 4: Nihonteki’ Keiei No Renzoku to Danzetsu, , (Introduction of American business management skills and their transformation in Japan), in H. Yamazaki and T. Kikkawa (eds), (Japanese business history 4: Continuity and discontinuity of ‘Japanese’ management), Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten; Tanaka, S., (1996) EMS, Ōshu Tsüka Seido: Ōshu tsüka tōgo No shōten, , (EMS, European Monetary System: Focal point of European monetary integration), Tokyo: Yuhikaku; Tateyama, Y., Pax amerikana no kōzō (1995) 20 Seiki Shihonshugi: Haken No henyō to Fukushi Kokka, , (Structure of Pax Americana), in A. Kudō (ed.), (Twentieth century capitalism: Changing patterns of hegemony and welfare states), Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Yoshihara, H., The bright and the dark sides of japanese management overseas (1989) Japanese and European Management: Their International Adaptability, , in K. Shibagaki, T. Malcolm and T. Abo, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; Yoshihara, H., (1994) Gaishikei Kigyō, , (Foreign-affiliated enterprises), Tokyo: Dōbunkan; Yuzawa, T., Udagawa, M., (1990) Foreign Business in Japan before World War II, , Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press},
correspondence_address1={Akira, K.; Institute of Social Science, Japan},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203645200; 9781134571031; 0415232864; 9780203645208},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Political Economy of Japanese Globalisation},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Frittelli20041,
author={Frittelli, J.F. and Lee, M.R. and Medalia, J. and O’Rourke, R. and Perl, R.},
title={Port and maritime security: Background and issues},
journal={Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues},
year={2004},
pages={1-96},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034833134&partnerID=40&md5=06419f9d11d368a6613479914fd0b9b4},
abstract={The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability to terrorist attack of all modes of transportation. Port security has emerged as a significant part of the overall debate on U.S. homeland security. The U.S. maritime system consists of more than 300 sea and river ports with more than 3,700 cargo and passenger terminals. However, a large fraction of maritime cargo is concentrated at a few major ports. Most ships calling at U.S. ports are foreign owned with foreign crews. Container ships have been the focus of much of the attention on seaport security because they are particularly vulnerable to terrorist infiltration. More than 6 million marine containers enter U.S. ports each year. While the Customs Service analyzes cargo information to target specific shipments for closer inspection, it physically inspects only about 2% of the containers. This new book examines the security legislation, which can have significant implications for public safety, the war on terrorism, the U.S. and global economy and federal, state and local homeland security responsibilities. © 2003 by Novinka Books, An Imprint of Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
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Reg., p. 79745. , Dec. 30; (2002) 19 CFR Parts 4, 113 and 178 or Federal Register, 67 (211), p. 66318. , Oct. 31; Flynn, S., Beyond Border Control (2000) Foreign Affairs, , Nov./Dec; http://uscg.mil/overview/icssrpt.pdf, The report is; http://www.oig.dot.gov/item_details.php?item=683, More information; http://www.tsa.dot.gov/, More information is; Coast Guard (2003) United States Coast Guard FY2003 Report, Fiscal Year 2002 Performance Report [and] Fiscal Year 2004 Budget in Brief, pp. 6-7. , Washington, Hereafter referred to as Coast Guard FY2004 Budget in Brief; Coast Guard FY2004 Budget in Brief, p. 5; (2003) Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress, p. 22. , by John F. Frittelli. 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Jeffrey Monroe, Dept. of Ports and Transportation, Portland, Maine, Senate Hearing (2003) Cargo Containers: The Next Terrorist Threat, , Committee On Government Affairs, March 20; ATF steps in cross-border minefield (2003) American Shipper, , March; Customs, FDA get attitude adjustments (2003) Journal of Commerce, , May 5; (2003) Transportation Security, Post-September 11th Initiatives and Long-Term Challenges, , April 1, GAO-03-616T; Gaps In Our Defenses (2003) Baltimore Sun, , Feb. 12; Flynn, S., Council on Foreign Relations, Senate Hearing (2003) Cargo Containers: The Next Terrorist Threat, , Committee On Government Affairs, March 20; (2003) The Economic Impact of Nuclear Terrorist Attacks on Freight Transport Systems in an Age of Seaport Vulnerability, p. 7. , http://www.abtassociates.com/reports/ES-Economic_Impact_of_Nuclear_Terrorist_Attacks.pdf, executive summary, April 30; Glossary of Shipping Terms, , http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/glossary/C.html; (2002) Factsheet: “U.S. Customs Container Security Initiative to Safeguard U.S., Global Economy.", , http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/press_releases/22002/02222002.xml, February; (2002) Fact Sheet: “The '2 Percent Myth’: Automated System, Technology, People Screen Cargo for Contraband,", , May; (2002) Robert Bonner, U.S. Customs Commissioner, Speech Before the Center for Strategic and International Studies, , http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/commissioner/speeches_statements/archives/jan172002.xml, Washington, D.C., January 17; Carson Mark, J., Taylor, T., Eyster, E., Maraman, W., Wechsler, J., Can Terrorists Build Nuclear Weapons?, , http://www.nci.org/k-m/makeab.htm, Washington, Nuclear Control Institute; (2002) Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism., p. 40. , http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10415.html, Washington, National Academy Press; (2002) Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism., p. 44. , Washington, National Academy Press; http://www.customs.gov/xp/cgov/import/cargo_control/csi; (2000) Yemen: Democratic Development and U.S. Relations, p. 6. , by Alfred B. Prados. Washington; Terrorism, Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, , by Kenneth Katzman for information on Bin Laden’s network and links to Yemen; Scarborough, R., Pentagon Analyst Resigns Over Ignored Warnings (2000) Washington Times, p. A1. , October 26; Becker, E., Steven Lee Myers, Pentagon Aide Quits, Warnings Ignored, He Says (2000) New York Times, , October 26; Suro, R., Loeb, V., U.S. Had Hints Of Possible Attack (2000) Washington Post, p. A32. , October 26; Gertz, B., NSA’s Warning Arrived Too Late To Save The Cole (2000) Washington Times, p. A1. , October 25; (1998) Terrorism: U.S. Response to Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania: A New Policy Direction?, p. 6. , By Raphael Perl. Washington, September 1, 1998},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781612098975; 9781590338230},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Port and Maritime Security: Backgr. and Issues},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Harley2004161,
author={Harley, C.K.},
title={Trade, 1870–1939: From globalisation to fragmentation},
journal={The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain Volume II: Economic Maturity, 1860-1939},
year={2004},
pages={161-189},
doi={10.1017/CHOL9780521820370.008},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929279274&doi=10.1017%2fCHOL9780521820370.008&partnerID=40&md5=39799cf0aae4e6cde257d1c19775951f},
affiliation={University of Western Ontario, Canada},
abstract={INTRODUCTION In 1870 Britain appeared to dominate the international economy; by 1939 things looked very different as export industries struggled in a moribund international economy. In the eighteenth century Britain had become Europe's leading trading nation, and, during the industrial revolution, industrialisation and export growth went hand in hand to make Britain the ‘workshop of the world’. In the late nineteenth century the international economy grew rapidly – during an era of globalisation that was not rivalled until the late twentieth century. Although the dominance of British firms diminished as foreign (particularly American) firms increased their share of world export markets, British export industries continued to prosper. Furthermore, British shipping, banking and mercantile services remained at the centre of the world economy. By 1939, Britain's relationship with the rest of the world was altogether gloomier. The First World War had ended the era of a liberal expanding global economy. In Britain, as in other combatant nations, firms had turned their resources towards the war effort. Foreign customers found themselves ignored by their usual suppliers and looked elsewhere for alternatives. During the 1920s Britain returned to the pre-war goldbased monetary standard at an exchange rate that made British exports expensive. At the end of the 1920s, strains from the war and the imperfect return to gold contributed to the great depression in the 1930s. As depression and monetary instability spread, governments responded by circumscribing international trade to protect domestic firms and jobs and to insulate the monetary system from international pressure. In response to depression and the changed world, Britain abandoned the gold standard in 1931 and moved from a policy of free trade to one of tariff protection. © Cambridge University Press 2004 and 2008.},
correspondence_address1={Harley, C.K.; University of Western OntarioCanada},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9781139054539; 0521820375; 9780521820370},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Camb. Economic History of Modern Br. Volume II: Economic Maturity, 1860-1939},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Das20041,
author={Das, D.K.},
title={Regionalism in Global Trade},
journal={Regionalism in Global Trade},
year={2004},
pages={1-221},
doi={10.4337/9781845421458},
note={cited By 29},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896248075&doi=10.4337%2f9781845421458&partnerID=40&md5=e92d1b8573b5307df812aa2e2c14b6c9},
affiliation={Toronto, Canada},
abstract={This comprehensive book addresses one of the most important aspects of international trade, namely, regional trade and regional integration agreements (RIAs). The focus of intense global interest and debate over the last decade, RIAs have become an integral and enduring aspect of the multilateral trading regime. Dilip K. Das analyzes the latest trends, evaluates the pattern and gauges the progress of regional integration in the global economy over the post-war, and especially the contemporary, periods. © Dilip K. Das, 2004. All rights reserved.},
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correspondence_address1={Das, D.K.Canada},
publisher={Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
isbn={9781845421458; 1843768178; 9781843768173},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Regionalism in Global Trade},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kondrasuk200425,
author={Kondrasuk, J.N.},
title={The effects of 9/11 and terrorism on human resource management: Recovery, reconsideration, and renewal},
journal={Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal},
year={2004},
volume={16},
number={1},
pages={25-35},
doi={10.1023/B:ERRJ.0000017518.06989.85},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28344455723&doi=10.1023%2fB%3aERRJ.0000017518.06989.85&partnerID=40&md5=84972ef57636876578ea2543cbe5e515},
affiliation={School of Business Administration, University of Portland, 5000 N. Willamette Blvd., Portland, OR 97203, United States},
abstract={The United States suffered an unprecedented loss of life on September 11, 2001, from what was labeled a "terrorist attack" Mainly on the basis of data from professional association surveys and government agencies, it was found that the United States and many other countries of the world have been significantly affected by the events and aftermath of that morning's events. As an unprecedented attack on a country not usually affected by external terrorism, it allows a unique study of how terrorism can affect countries in the world. As a result of "9/11" there were significant changes in the U.S. economy and society that, because of the global economy and politics as well as the international war on terrorism, certainly have international consequences. Changes also occurred in most areas of human resource management as well as producing a much greater emphasis on having an overall business crisis management program. However, many of the initial changes appear to have diminished over time. The resultant changes, and lack of changes, produce rich questions for further research. © 2004 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
author_keywords={9/11 Effects;  Human resource management;  Terrorism;  Terrorist attacks},
references={(2002) Survey data: Impact of September 11 on the American workforce, , http://web7.cominfotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark, American Society of Association Executives; Bemasek, A., The friction economy (2002) Fortune, 745 (4), pp. 104-112; BNA Bulletin to Management (2002). SHRM-BNA survey # 66: Human resource activities, budgets &staffs, 2000-2001, pp. 1-3; Bolger, A., Industry recovers from September's terrorist shock (2002) Financial Times, p. 10. , May 24; Caudron, S., Training in the post-terrorism era (2002) T&D, 56, (2), pp. 24-30; Clark, M.M., Be prepared when National Guard, Reserve soldiers march back to work (2002) HRNews, 21 (9), p. 10. , 7; Cohen, D.J., (2002) HR Implications of the Attack on America: One Year Later, , www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/dsc/wtd, Alexandria, VA: SHRM/eePuIse. Columbia University , The World Trade Center Attack: The official documents; Conlin, M., When the office is the war zone (2001) Business Week, p. 38. , November 19; Conway, J. (2001, December 12). Towers Perrin survey finds leaner merit increases and other cost-cutting measures expected for 2002, employers say. Business Wire, Inc. Conwayj@towers.com; Cooper, M., &James, K. (2002, September 16). Consumers have done their part. Now, business will have to pitch in. Business Week, issue 3799, p. 19; DeVoI, R.C., Bedrousian, A., Fogelbach, N.G., Gonzalez, R., Wong, P., (2002) The impact, , January, of; September 11 on U.S. metropolitan economies. Miliken Institute, Santa Monica, CA. Franklin, D. (2002, March). Mission: Intelligence. Time, Global Business, pp. B6-B13; Ghio, R.S., (2001) National outrage and its impact on the workplace. SHRM website, , www.shrm.org, September 10, 2002; Gibbs, N., What a difference a year makes (2002) Time, pp. 20-30. , September 11; Heidrich, G. (2002, April 8). The illusion of protection: Terrorism, war and workers' compensation. Insurance Advocate, pp. 22-23,48; Hosenball, M., Isikoff, M., Lipper, T., Al Qaeda: Alive and still killing (2002) Newsweek, pp. 22-25. , November 25; (2001) September 11 attacks, , www.interpol.int/Public/ICPO/PressReleases/PR2001/PR200125.asp; (2003) The fight against international terrorism, , www.interpol.int/Public/Icpo/FactSheets/FS200102.asp; (2003) Interpol: Involvement in the fight against terrorism, , www.interpol.int/Public/Terrorism/default.asp, Retrieved March 26, 2003, from; Keith, C.L., Symes, D.P.R., January). HR trends (2002), 5X, 4; Leonard, B., A job well done (2001) HRMagazine, 46 (12), pp. 34-38; Leonard, B., After September 11, a changed workforce (2002) HRNews, 2 (9), pp. 1-7; Maher, K., Playing it safe (2002) Wall Street Journal, , May 23, p. Bl; McGeary, J., The new realities of terror (2002) Time, pp. 32-36. , December 6; Fiscal update: State budgets post-attack (2001) DR1-WEFA, pp. 1-12. , NASBO, September 25; (2002) Are we prepared, , www.msnbc.com/news/prepared, NBC Nightly News, Retrieved May 28,2002, from; Nussbaum, B. (2002, September 16). 9.11.02. Business Week, 22-37; Oster, C., Can the risk of terrorism be calculated by insurers? 'Game theory' might do it (2002) The Wall Street Journal, pp. CI,C8. , April 8; Overman, S., Companies go back to work (2001) HRNews, 20 (11), p. 8. , 1; Pelton, R.Y., (2000) The World's Most Dangerous Places, , 4th ed. New York: Harper Collins; Peraino, K., Are we there yet? (2002) Newsweek, pp. 51-52. , November 18; Poe, A.C., After Shocks of the 11 th (2001) HR Magazine, 46 (12), pp. 46-51. , December; Quinn, B., February 9). Racism rekindled in Southern Oregon (2003) The Oregonian, pp. A12. , 19; September 11 News .com (2002). USA newspaper front covers. Retrieved November 15, 2002, from http://www.septemberllnews.com/USAPapers3.htm; September II News.com (2003). Remembering the victims &heroes. Retrieved December 5, 2003 from http://www.septemberl lnews.com/911 Art.htm; More caring, security predicted following attacks, poll shows (2001) HRNews, 20 (11), pp. 14-17. , SHRM; SHRM (2002). SHRM online poll results. Retrieved April 10, 2002, from www.shrm.org. Smallen, D. (2002). BTS indicators report shows impact of September 11 on airlines. U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved January 9,2002, from www.dot.gov/affairs/ bts0102; (2003) Terrorism defined, , www.terrorism.com, Terrorism Research Center , Retrieved December 6, 2003 from; (2003) DHS organization, , www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/theme-home1jsp, Retrieved December 6, 2003 from; (2003) Travel &transportation: Protecting travelers and commerce, , www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/themeJiome3.jsp, Retrieved December 6,2003 from; (2002) Patterns of global terrorism: September 11 and review of terrorism in 2001, , www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2001/html/I0235.htm, Retrieved December 6,2003 from; (2003) Foreign terrorist organizations, , www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2003/12389.htm, Retrieved December 6, 2003 from; (2003) Patterns of global terrorism, , www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2003, Retrieved December 6,2003 from; (2002) Saddam Hussein's support for international terrorism, , http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/iraq/decade/sect5.html, The White House website},
correspondence_address1={Kondrasuk, J. N.; School of Business Administration, 5000 N. Willamette Blvd., Portland, OR 97203, United States; email: kondrasu@up.edu},
publisher={Springer New York},
issn={08927545},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Employee Responsib. Rights J.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huong2004199,
author={Huong, P.L. and Fry, G.W.},
title={Education and economic, political, and social change in Vietnam},
journal={Educational Research for Policy and Practice},
year={2004},
volume={3},
number={3},
pages={199-222},
doi={10.1007/s10671-005-0678-0},
note={cited By 51},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24044548022&doi=10.1007%2fs10671-005-0678-0&partnerID=40&md5=16389620cad18df8889fdf986974eebf},
affiliation={Center for International Educational Research, Hong Bang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Educational Policy and Administration, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States},
abstract={This paper provides an overview of the complex relations among history, education, political economy, and social change in Vietnam. Vietnam has a long history of education and a literate culture. The evolution of Vietnamese culture and society is characterized by both persistence and change. Social and political persistence and change have been profoundly affected by education in Vietnam. In this paper major external influences on Vietnamese education and social change are considered, including Chinese Confucian influences, French colonial influences, Soviet and US influences during the Cold War, and more contemporary international global influences as Vietnam has become part of the global economy and international regimes. The importance influence of the policy of "doi moi" (economic renovation) introduced in 1986 is seen as resulting in a major transformation in Vietnam. The paper concludes with a discussion of Vietnam's future and its goals of developing a modern economy through a priority on the development of human capital through a distinctive Vietnamese educational system, drawing eclectically and creatively on diverse external influences. © Springer 2005.},
author_keywords={Education and economic change;  Education and political change;  Education and social change;  External influences on Vietnamese education;  Socioeconomic transformation;  The evolution of Vietnamese education;  Vietnam},
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Flammarion; Heidhues, M.S., (2000) Southeast Asia: A Concise History, , London: Thames & Hudson; Holsinger, D.B., Secondary curriculum question in Vietnam: What should be taught? (2003) Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education, 33, pp. 339-352; Issacs, A.R., (1997) Vietnam Shadows: the War, Its Ghosts, and Its Legacy, , Baltimore & London: The Johns Hopkins University Press; Kamm, H., (1996) Dragon Ascending: Vietnam and the Vietnamese, , New York: Arcade Pub; Khong, D., (2002) Population and Ethno-demography in Vietnam, , Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books; Lamb, D., (2002) Vietnam Now: A Reporter Returns, , New York: Public Affairs; Lavergne, D.C., Adams, S.C., (1954) Education in Vietnam: A Report of the Education Division, , Saigon: United States of America Operations Mission to Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam; Le, V.G.L., (2003) Su Giao Duc Hon 1000 Nam Nen Giao Duc Vietnam [Educational History over 1000 Years], , Hanoi: National Political Press; Leconfield, H.A.W., Indo-China (1), Cochin-China, 1862-1897; Tonkin, 1874-1897; Indo-China after 1897 (1933) Native Education, pp. 158-196. , London: Oxford University Press. Series, Problems of Imperial Trusteeship; McConnell, S., (1989) Leftward Journey: the Education of Vietnamese Students in France, 1919-1939, , New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers; McNamara, R., (1999) Argument Without End: in Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy, , New York: PublicAffairs; Marr, D.G., (1971) Vietnamese Anticolonialism: 1885-1925, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Marr, D.G., (1981) Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920-1945, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Nganh GDDT (2002) White Paper of the Educational Training Branch That Followed Decision II of the VIII Party Congress; Morris, E., (2003) The Fog of War [Film], , (Available from Sony Pictures Classic); Nair, C.V.D., (1976) Socialism That Works... the Singapore Way, , Singapore: Federal Publications; Ngo, V.L., (1973) Before the Revolution: the Vietnamese Peasants under the French, , Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press; Nguyen, D., (1983) The Tale of Kiêu: A Bilingual Edition of Truyên Kiêu, , New Haven: Yale University Press [translated and annotated by Huynh Sanh Thông]; Osborne, M.E., (2000) The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, , New York: Atlantic Monthly Press; Pham, D.N.T., (1999) Giao Duc Va Dao Tao - Huong Dan Thong Tin [Development Circumstances, Opportunities and Challenges - Education and Training-guide of Information], , Hanoi: Informatic Literature Press; Pham, M.H., (1998) Vietnam's Education: the Current Position and Future Prospects, , Hanoi: The Gio Publishers; Pham, M.H., (2003) Di Vao the Ky 21 Phat Trien Nguon Nhan Luc Phuc Vu CNH - HDH Dat Nuoc [Into the 21st Century, the Development of Labor Resources for Vietnamese Industrialization and Modernization], , Ho Chi Minh City: The Conference of the Institute for Human Development; Pham, L.H., Fry, G., The emergence of private higher education in Vietnam: Challenges and opportunities (2002) Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 1, pp. 127-141; Pham, L.H., Fry, G., Universities in Vietnam: Legacies, challenges, and prospects (2004) Asian Universities: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges, , P. G. Altbach, & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.), Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University; Reid, A., (1999) Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia, , Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books; Schneider, W., (2001) Apokalypse Vietnam, , Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowolht Taschenbuch Verlag; Sloper, D., Le, T.C., (1995) Higher Education in Vietnam: Change and Response, , Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; Speaking volumes in Vietnam (1993) The Economist, 328, p. 28. , July 10; Teekens, H., Thi's story: Growing up in the Mekong Delta and studying abroad (2002) Rockin' in Red Square: Critical Approaches to International Education in the Age of Cyberculture, pp. 147-161. , Grünzweig, W., & Rinehart, N. (Eds.), Münster, Germany: LIT Verlag; Thanyathip, S., (1998) Mua Vietnam Pathiruup [When Vietnam Reforms], , Bangkok: Thailand Research Fund; Thanyathip, S., Theera, N., Pham, D., (2003) Twenty-five Years of Thai-Vietnamese Relationship, , Bangkok, Thailand: Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University; Thompson, V., (1968) French Indo-China, , New York: Octagon Books [originally published in 1937 by Macmillan]; Tran, K., (2002) Education in Vietnam: Current State and Issues, , Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers; Tran, V.M., (1956) Ai Gay Nen Toi? [Who Committed This Crime], pp. 205-276. , Saigon, reprinted in Ngo V. L., 1973; Truong, B.L., (1967) Patterns of Vietnamese Response to Foreign Intervention: 1858-1900, , New Haven: Asia Studies, Yale University. Monograph Series No. 11; (1998) Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, , Ho Chi Minh City: Tran Phu Printing Company; Woodside, A., (1976) Community and Revolution in Modern Vietnam, , Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company; Woodside, A., An enlightenment for outcasts: Some Vietnamese stories (2000) Human Rights and Revolutions, pp. 113-126. , Wasserstrom, J. N., Hunt, L., & Young, M. B. (Eds.), Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc},
correspondence_address1={Huong, P.L.; Center for International Educational Research, , Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; email: lhuong@saigonnet.vn},
issn={15702081},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Educ. Res. Policy Pract.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McMahon200471,
author={McMahon, P.},
title={Money, markets and microelectronics: Building the infrastructure for the global finance sector},
journal={Prometheus (United Kingdom)},
year={2004},
volume={22},
number={1},
pages={71-82},
doi={10.1080/0810902032000194038},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16544363739&doi=10.1080%2f0810902032000194038&partnerID=40&md5=da9df572d620ed94a6f5d6b9abf98fa3},
affiliation={Inst. Sustainability/Technol. Policy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia},
abstract={The rise of a global finance sector is one of the most salient aspects of the whole process of g1obalisation, and a true phenomenon of our times. Whilst various politico-economic changes were necessary to achieve this change, the simple fact is that it would have been impossible without the prior revolution in information and communications technologies (ICTs). Thew new technologies-such as semiconductors, computers, computer networks and communications satellites-when combined provided the necessary infrastructure for the emerging global finance system. This paper describes the way various finance markets, mostly American, grew and aggregated to form huge, global markets through the application of increasingly sophisticated and capable ICT systems. In doing so it foregrounds the essential role of sustained development in ICT capability in order to complement the analysis offered by literature written from neo-classical economics or institutionalist perspectives. The developing finance system was the product of many forces, but it was only when the appropriate technological, and particularly systemic, arrangements were in place that the finance sector could become truly global in scale. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
author_keywords={Finance sector;  Globalisation;  Information technology;  Post-war},
keywords={communication;  financial market;  global economy;  information technology},
references={McMahon, P., Technology and globalisation (2001) Prometheus, 19, pp. 211-222; Singh, K., Recent trends in global financial flows (2000) Taming Global Financial Flows, pp. 1-34. , Zed Books, London and New York; Rose, H., (1993) The Changing World of Finance and Its Problems, , British-North American Committee, New York; Geist, C., (1997) Wall Street: A History, , Oxford University Press, New York; Quiggin, J., The fall and rise of the global economy: Finance (2001) Globalisation: Australian Impacts, pp. 19-34. , C. Shiel (ed.), University of New South Wales Press, Sydney; Hall, P., Preston, P., (1988) The Carrier Wave: New Information Technology and the Geography of Innovation 1846-2003, , Unwin Hyman, London; Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., Peuraton, J., The globalization debate (2000) Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture, pp. 2-29. , Polity Press, Cambridge, UK; Strange, S., (1988) States and Markets, , Basil Blackwell, New York; Schwartz, H., (1994) States Versus Markets: History, Geography, and the Development of the International Political Economy, , St Martin's Press, New York; Nelson, R., (1982) Government and Technical Pogress, , (ed.), Pergamon Press, New York; Chapman, S., (1984) The Rise of Merchant Banking, , Allen and Unwin, London; Wechsberg, W., (1966) The Merchant Bankers, , Weidenfield and Nicholson, London; Bryant, R., (1987) International Financial Intermediation, p. 22. , Brookings Institution, Washington; Yarborough, B., Yarborough, R., The "globalization" of trade: What's changed and why (1997) The Political Economy of Globalization, pp. 81-97. , S. Gupta (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, London; Porter, T., Capital mobility and currency markets: Call they be tamed? (1996) International Journal, pp. 669-689. , June; Early electrical communications technology and structural change in the international political economy - The cases of telegraphy and radio (2002) Prometheus, 20, pp. 379-390; Born, K., (1983) International Banking in the 19th and 20th Genturies, , Berg, Leamington Spa; Cameron, R., Bovykin, V., (1991) International Banking 1870-1914, , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford; James, H., Lindgren, H., Teichova, A., (1991) The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, , (eds), Cambridge Universits, Press, Cambridge; Wilkins, M., (1991) The Growth of the Multinationals, , (ed.), Edward Elgar, Aldershot, UK; Walter, A., (1993) World Power and World Money, pp. 150-194. , Harvester/Wheatsheaf, New York; Gill, S., Global finance, monetary policy and cooperation among the Group of Seven, 1944-92 (1993) Finance and World Polities: Markets, Regimes and States in the Post-Hegemonic Era, , P. Cerny (ed.), Edward Elgar, Aldershot, UK; Crawford, R., Sibler, W., (1991) The Troubled Money Business: The Death of an Old Order and the Rise of a New Order, , Harper Business, New York; Chorafas, D., (1988) Electronic Funds Transfer, p. 5. , Butterworths, London, 24; Estabrooks, M., (1988) Programmed Capitalism: A Computer-Mediated Global Society, pp. 63-72. , ME Sharpe, Armonk, NY; Gart, A., How technology is changing banking (1992) Journal of Retail Banking, p. 42. , Spring; Hamilton, A., (1986) The Financial Revolution, , Penguin, Harmondsworth, UK; Kurtzman, J., (1993) The Death of Money: How the Electronic Economy Has Destabilized the World's Markets and Created Financial Chaos, p. 96. , Simon and Schuster, New York; McMahon, P., 'Telematics and the post-war international order' and 'Telematics as a transnational control infrastructure' (2002) Global Control, pp. 75-107. , Information Technology and Globalization since 1945, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, and 108-37; Braun, E., Macdonald, S., Revolution in miniature (1978) The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Levin, R., The Semiconductor Industry, pp. 101-161. , Nelson (ed.), op. cit; Kau, B., Phillips, A., The Computer Industry, pp. 145-181. , Nelson (ed.), op. cit; Cortada, J., (1993) Before the Computer: IBM, Burroughs, and Rimington Rand and the Industry They Created 1865-1956, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Lubar, S., Infoculture (1993) The Smithsonian Book of Information Age Inventions, p. 311. , Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA, 318; Black, U., (1987) Data Communications and Distributed Networks, p. 434. , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Mcleod, J., DARPA ripples spread (1990) Electronics, p. 11. , June; Wittie, L., Computer networks and distributed systems (1991) Computer, p. 68. , September; McLucas, J., (1991) Space Commerce, pp. 20-26. , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Schiller, H., (1969) Mass Communication and American Empire, pp. 129-130. , Beacon Press, Boston, MA; Martinez, L., Communications Satellites: Power Politics in Space, pp. 5-17. , Artech House, Debham, MA; Brock, G., (1981) The Telecommunications Industry, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Schiller, D., (1982) Telematics and Government, , Ablex, New York; Solomon, E., (1991) Electronic Money Flows: The Moulding of a New Financial Order, , (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston; Stamper, D., (1991) Business Data Communications, p. 5. , 3rd edition, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Redwood City, CA; Ganley, O., Ganley, G., (1982) To Inform or To Control? The New Communications Networks, pp. 4-19. , McGraw Hill, New York; Polanyi, K., (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, , Beacon Press, Boston; Zysman, J., How institutions create historically rooted trajectories of growth (1994) Industrial and Corporate Change, pp. 243-251},
correspondence_address1={McMahon, P.; Inst. Sustainability/Technol. Policy, , Perth, Australia},
publisher={Carfax Publishing Company},
issn={08109028},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Prometheus},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Simpkins2004110,
author={Simpkins, J.},
title={The Global Workplace - Challenging the race to the bottom},
journal={Development in Practice},
year={2004},
volume={14},
number={1-2},
pages={110-118},
doi={10.1080/0961452032000170677},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542347145&doi=10.1080%2f0961452032000170677&partnerID=40&md5=f234436aa71d56a64187ad587e09c12d},
affiliation={War on Want, 37-39 Great Guildford Street, London SE1 0ES, United Kingdom},
abstract={Founded in 1951, War on Want is a UK-based NGO committed to the alleviation of poverty with strong roots in the labour movement. War on Want's programme on the Global Workplace provides trade unionists with a range of practical skills and knowledge about international development issues. Part of the programme involves a 'Global Workers' Forum ', which takes grassroots trade union activists from the UK to a similar sector or even a plant owned by the same employer in the South. The aim is to enhance participants' understanding of the impact of globalisation on the industries in which they work, establish relationships that can act as starting points for global action, and encourage participants to spread the message within their own unions. There is also a website which raises awareness of the global economy and encourages activists to make links and undertake joint action. It is essential that now, as never before, trade unionists should work together as an international force to challenge globalisation and fight for the recognition of workers' rights. The Global Workplace suggests that showing global solidarity to workers around the world can help trade unionists rise to this challenge. © 2004 Oxfam GB Carfax Publishing.},
keywords={nongovernmental organization;  poverty alleviation;  trade union;  working conditions, Eurasia;  Europe;  United Kingdom;  Western Europe},
references={(2001) The Global Workplace: A Manual for Trade Union Activists, , www.globalworkplace.org/?lid=259, War on Want London: War on Want, available at (accessed 8 December 2003)},
correspondence_address1={Simpkins, J.; War on Want, 37-39 Great Guildford Street, London SE1 0ES, United Kingdom; email: jsimpkins@waronwant.org},
publisher={Oxfam},
issn={09614524},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dev. Pract.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Brown2003,
author={Brown, G.},
title={Governments and Supranational Agencies: A New Consensus?},
journal={Making Globalization Good: The Moral Challenges of Global Capitalism},
year={2003},
doi={10.1093/0199257019.003.0015},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919702898&doi=10.1093%2f0199257019.003.0015&partnerID=40&md5=e6d6a24eb54dcc47c62e29189f5e9a7b},
affiliation={UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, United Kingdom},
abstract={In this chapter, the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, makes a strong plea for a greater sense of economic and moral responsibility on the part of the wealthier nations towards their poorer counterparts. It is also his conviction that for global prosperity to be sustained, it has to be fairly shared, and, as a success story, cites the institutional innovations of the early post-war era to create an international architecture to advance this goal. However, the contemporary global economic and political scenario is very different, and Brown advocates a reconfiguration of the role of supra-national institutions, both to meet the specific needs of global capitalism, and to drastically reduce poverty. More particularly, he proposes a new global consensus that will: (1) better enable the poorer countries to participate fully in the global economy and benefit from it; (2) encourage the international business community to adopt high corporate standards for their participation as reliable and consistent partners in the development process; (3) enable the adoption of improved trade regimes designed to improve the participation of developing countries in decision making; and (4) allow a substantial increase in development aid to nations most in need and willing to focus on the fight against poverty. The chapter concludes by stressing the responsibilities of each of the various institutions of global capitalism and, most notably, those of the business community, civil society, governments of both the richer and poorer countries, and individuals throughout the world. © Oxford University Press, 2003. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Business;  Business community;  Capitalism;  Civil society;  Corporate standards;  Developing countries;  Development;  Development aid;  Economic responsibility;  Global capitalism;  Global economy;  Government;  Innovation;  Institutions;  International business community;  Less developed countries;  Moral responsibility;  Post-war history;  Poverty;  Responsibility;  Supra-national institutions;  Trade regimes},
references={Acheson, D., (1969) Present at the Creation, , New York: W. W. Norton; Balasubramanyam, V.N., Salisu, M., Sapsford, D., Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in EP and IS countries (1996) Economic Journal, 106, pp. 92-105; Blomstrom, M., Persson, H., Foreign Investment and Spillover Efficiency in an Underdeveloped Economy: Evidence from the Mexican Manufacturing Industry (1983) World Development, 14, pp. 493-501; Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., Lee, J., How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth? (1998) Journal of International Economics, 45, pp. 115-135; Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Pattillo, C., (1999) Flight Capital as a Portfolio Choice, , Washington, DC: World Bank; De Mello, L.R., Jr., Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries and Growth: A Selective Survey (1997) Journal of Development Studies, 34, pp. 1-34; Dollar, D., Collier, P., (2001) Globalisation, Growth and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Dollar, D., Collier, P., Kray, A., (2001) Trade, Growth and Poverty, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Dunning, J.H., (1997) Alliance Capitalism and Global Business, , London and New York:Routledge; Hertz, N., (2001) The Silent Takeover, , London: William Heinemann; (2002) Tackling Poverty: A Global New Deal, , London: HM Treasury; (2002) The Case for Aid for the Poorest Countries, , London: HM Treasury; (2000) Eliminating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work for the Poor, , White Paper on International Development (London: HMSO); (2001) Market Access for Developing Countries' Exports, , Washington, DC: IMF/World Bank; Jepma Catrinus, J., (1994) International Policy Co-ordination and Untying of Aid, , OECD Development Centre Studies; Klein, N., (2000) No Logo, , London: Flamingo; Nagarajan, N., The Millennium Round: An Economic Appraisal (1999) European Commission Economic Paper 139, , Brussels: European Commission; (2001) OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises-Global Instruments for Corporate Responsibility-Annual Report 2001, , Paris, OECD; (1998) World Investment Report-Trends and Determinants, , New York and Geneva: UN; (2001) World Investment Report-Promoting Linkages, , New York and Geneva:UN; (2001) Road Map towards the Implementation of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, , New York and Geneva: UN; Winters, L.A., (1992) International Economics, , 4th edn. (London and New York:Routledge); Winters, L.A., (2001) World Bank Development Indicators, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Winters, L.A., (2002) Impact of Recent Events on Low-and Middle-Income Countries: Response of the World Bank Group, , Washington, DC: World Bank; Winters, L.A., (2002) Building Institutions for Markets, , New York: Oxford University Press; Zedillo, E., (2001) Report of the High Level Panel on Financing for Development, , New York and Geneva: UN},
correspondence_address1={Brown, G.; UK Chancellor of the ExchequerUnited Kingdom},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
isbn={9780191596223; 0199257019; 9780199257010},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mak. Glob. Good: The Moral Chall. of Glob. Capital.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Berger20031,
author={Berger, M.T.},
title={The battle for Asia: From decolonization to globalization},
journal={The Battle for Asia: From Decolonization to Globalization},
year={2003},
pages={1-366},
doi={10.4324/9780203358207},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909418113&doi=10.4324%2f9780203358207&partnerID=40&md5=097b42217ee2d517c2ef1a444c3cedd5},
affiliation={University of New South Wales, Australia},
abstract={Asia has long been an ideological battleground between capitalism and communism, between nationalism and Westernisation and between the nation-state and globalization. This book is a history of the Asian region from 1945 to the present day which delineates the various ideological battles over Asia's development. Subjects covered include: theories of development decolonization US political and economic intervention the effects of communism the end of the Cold War the rise of neo-liberalism Asia after the crisis Asia in the era of globalisation Broad in sweep and rich in theory and empirical detail, this is an essential account of the growth of 'Asian miracle' and its turbulent position in the global economy of the twenty-first century. © 2004 Mark T.Berger. All rights reserved.},
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(1970) Asian Survey, 10 (2); Almond, G.A., (1954) The Appeals of Communism, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Amin, S., (1974) Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment, , Sussex: Harvester Press; Amin, S., (1976) Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Amin, S., (1977) Imperialism and Unequal Development, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Amin, S., (1994) Re-reading the Postwar Period: An Intellectual Itinerary, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Amsden, A.H., Taiwan's Economic History (1979) Modern China, 5 (3); Amsden, A.H., The State and Taiwan's Economic Development (1985) Bringing the State Back In, , P.B.Evans, D.Rueshemeyer and T.Skocpol, New York: Cambridge University Press; Amsden, A.H., (1989) Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, , New York: Oxford University Press; Amsden, A.H., Third World Industrialization: 'Global Fordism' or a New Model? (1990) New Left Review (I), (182); Amsden, A.H., Diffusion of Development: The Late Industrializing Model and Greater East Asia (1991) American Economic Review, 81 (2); Amsden, A.H., Taiwan in International Perspective (1992) Taiwan's Enterprises in Global Perspective, , N.T.Wang, Armonk: M.E.Sharpe; Amsden, A.H., Why Isn't the Whole World Experimenting with the East Asian Model to Develop? Review of The East Asian Miracle (1994) World Development, 22 (4); Amsden, A.H., (2001) The Rise of "The Rest": Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies, , New York: Oxford University Press; Anderson, B., Old State, New Society: Indonesia's New Order in Comparative Historical Perspective (1983) Journal of Asian Studies, 42 (2); Anderson, B., Old State, New Society: Indonesia's New Order in Comparative Historical Perspective (1990) Langauge and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia, , B.Anderson, Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Anderson, B., (1998) The Spectre of Comparison: Nationalism, Southeast Asia and the World, , London: Verso; Anderson, P., (1974) Lineages of the Absolutist State, , London: New Left Books; Anderson, P., (1998) The Origins of Postmodernity, , London: Verso; Ansprenger, F., (1989) The Dissolution of the Colonial Empires, , London: Routledge; Anwar, I., (1996) The Asian Renaissance, , Singapore: Times Books International; (1993) A Vision for APEC: Towards an Asia Pacific Economic Community, , Singapore: APEC Secretariat, October; (1994) Achieving the APEC Vision: Free and Open Trade in the Asia Pacific, , Singapore: APEC Secretariat, August; (1995) Implementing the APEC Vision, , Singapore: APEC Secretariat, August; Appadorai, A., (1955) The Bandung Conference, , New Delhi: Indian Council of World Affairs; Appadurai, A., (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Arnason, J.P., (1993) The Future That Failed: Origins and Destinies of the So iet Model, , London: Routledge; Arndt, H.W., (1987) Economic Development: The History of an Idea, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Arrighi, G., (1994) The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times, , London: Verso; Arrighi, G., The Rise of East Asia and the Withering Away of the Interstate System (2002) Marxism, Modernity and Postcolonial Studies, , C. 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correspondence_address1={Berger, M.T.; University of New South WalesAustralia},
publisher={RoutledgeFalmer Taylor & Francis Group},
isbn={0203358201; 9780203358207},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Battle for Asia: From Decolonization to Global.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hormats2003,
author={Hormats, R.D.},
title={Abraham Lincoln and the Global Economy},
journal={Harvard Business Review},
year={2003},
volume={81},
number={8 SPEC. ISS.},
pages={58-67+140},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041466035&partnerID=40&md5=887c7e7b859ca12e37b71dc71b19e0f6},
affiliation={Goldman Sachs International, United Kingdom},
abstract={Abraham Lincoln would have well understood the challenges facing many modern emerging nations. In Lincoln's America, as in many developing nations today, sweeping economic change threatened older industries, traditional ways of living, and social and national cohesion by exposing economies and societies to new and powerful competitive forces. Yet even in the midst of the brutal and expensive American Civil war - and in part because of it-Lincoln and the Republican Congress enacted bold legislation that helped create a huge national market, a strong arid unified economy governed by national institutions, and a rising middle class-of businessmen and property owners. Figuring out how to maximize the benefits of globalization while minimizing its disruptions is a formidable challenge for policy makers. How do you expand opportunities for the talented and the lucky while making sure the rest of society doesn't fall behind? It may be helpful to look at the principles that informed the policies that Lincoln and the Republican Congress instituted after they came to power in 1861: Facilitate the upward mobility of low-and middle-income groups to give them a significant stake in the country. Emphasize the good of the national economy over regional interests. Affirm the need for sound government institutions to temper the dynamics of the free enterprise system. Tailor policies to the national situation. Realize that a period of turmoil may present a unique opportunity for reform. These principles drove the reforms that helped Americans cope with and benefit from rapid technological advances and the fast integration of the American economy in the nineteenth century. They may be instructive to today's policy makers who are struggling to help their own citizens integrate into the fast-changing global economy of the twenty-first century.},
keywords={article;  commercial phenomena;  economic aspect;  economics;  history;  international cooperation;  investment;  legal aspect;  organization and management;  political system;  public figure;  railway;  social control;  United States, Capitalism;  Commerce;  Economic Competition;  Entrepreneurship;  Famous Persons;  History, 19th Century;  Internationality;  Investments;  Private Sector;  Railroads;  Social Control Policies;  United States},
correspondence_address1={Goldman Sachs InternationalUnited Kingdom},
issn={00178012},
coden={HABRA},
pubmed_id={12884668},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Harv. Bus. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Penm2003193,
author={Penm, J.},
title={Economic overview: Prospects for world economic growth},
journal={Australian Commodities},
year={2003},
volume={10},
number={2},
pages={193-202},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33746328960&partnerID=40&md5=920f27393207aa22a47a55d79f8043a7},
abstract={• Despite a quick ending of the war in Iraq, and hence lower oil prices, world economic growth is assumed to remain weak in 2003, before a partial recovery in 2004. • The recent outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in a number of Asian countries could adversely affect Asian economic growth in 2003. • World economic growth is assumed to decline marginally from 2.7 percent in 2002 to 2.5 percent in 2003, before strengthening to 3.3 percent in 2004.},
keywords={economic growth;  economic impact;  global economy;  oil, Asia;  Eurasia;  Iraq;  Middle East},
correspondence_address1={email: Jpenm@abare.gov.au},
issn={13217844},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Aust. Commod.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rosskam200319,
author={Rosskam, E.},
title={Work security in a global economy},
journal={New Solutions},
year={2003},
volume={13},
number={1},
pages={19-25},
doi={10.2190/lx6b-tb7y-517a-49e5},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649684135&doi=10.2190%2flx6b-tb7y-517a-49e5&partnerID=40&md5=3c923a6df6bd61467fe38ed11410430a},
affiliation={4, Route des Morillons, Geneva 22, CH-1211, Switzerland},
abstract={Work security is a fundamental right of all working people. After World War II, the welfare state became an intrinsic part of the “Golden Age” of capitalism, in which universal prosperity seemed attainable. Workers’ organizations frequently played a crucial role in policy decisions that promoted full employment, income stability, and equitable treatment of workers. Today’s world order is quite different. Globalization in its present form is a major obstacle to work security. Globalization is not simply a market-driven phenomenon. It is a political and ideological movement that grants authority to capital over governments and labor. This transfer of authority hinders national efforts to promote work security and may impact the well-being of communities worldwide. In the absence of domestic autonomy, international labor standards are needed to protect social welfare. They should be geared toward curbing unemployment, poverty, and social exclusion in the global economy. The article looks at three initiatives to promote global work security. © 2003, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.},
references={(1999), International Labor Organization, ILO InFocus Programme on Socio-Economic Security: A Medium Term Workplan, ILO, Geneva; Esping-Anderson, G., After the Golden Age: Welfare State Dilemmas in a Global Economy (1996) Welfare State in Transition: National Adaptation in the Global Economy, , Sage Publications, London; (2001), International Labor Organization, Promoting Security: Workers with Disabilities, ILO, Geneva; Mishra, R., (1999) Globalization and Welfare State, , Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham; Standing, G., Zsoldos, L., (2001) International Labor Organization, , Work Insecurities in Ukrainian Industry: The ULFS of 2000, ILO, Geneva; (1999) Globalization Boosts Economic Growth but Risks Widening Social Inequality, , International Labor Organization, Press Release, ILO, Geneva; (2003) ILO Infocus Programme on Safework, , International Labor Organization, ILO, Geneva; (2000), United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2000, UNDP, Geneva; (1997) Economic Impact of Occupational Safety and Health in the Member States of the European Union, , European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Bilbao; (2000) ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Its Follow-Up, , International Labor Organization, ILO, Geneva; Hossain, M., (2000) The Debate on Labour Standards: Myth and Reality, , in Independent, April 2; (2000), www.unglobalcompact.org, United Nations, The Global Compact, UN, Geneva; Henderson, H., (1999) Beyond Globalization: Shaping a Sustainable Global Economy, , Kumarian Press, West Hartford},
correspondence_address1={Rosskam, E.4, Route des Morillons, Switzerland; email: rosskam@ilo.org},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={10482911},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New Solut.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor200326,
title={Global economy offers mixed signals},
journal={Chemical Market Reporter},
year={2003},
volume={263},
number={17},
pages={26},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037618983&partnerID=40&md5=a5dd80ab77d08bcd8a9945f22deb8e86},
abstract={A discussion about the improved outlook for the global economy after the Iraq war is presented. Global equity prices are up about 10 percent from their pre-war lows and credit spreads have narrowed over the globe. According to a JPMorgan report, despite the difficult economic conditions, first quarter earnings for 2003 for US businesses were strong due to earlier cost-cutting initiatives.},
keywords={Cost effectiveness;  Costs;  Industrial management;  Military operations, Stockmarkets, Industrial economics},
issn={10920110},
coden={CMREF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chem Market Rep},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor20033,
title={RISI: War jitters, oil price spike played part in weakening global economic growth},
journal={Pulp and Paper Week},
year={2003},
volume={25},
number={11},
pages={3},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037464095&partnerID=40&md5=54fa6071df4d756eae8f509147a98832},
abstract={According to the RISI's March economic commentary, the US-led war in Iraq impacted the global economy with worldwide real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the first quarter of 2003 expected to be at its lowest level since the 2001 recession. RISI expects the US GDP growth to average less than 2% in the first half of 2003 before returning to trend level growth of approximately 3.25% in the second half. RISI forecasts real GDP growth of 3.0% in the third quarter of 2003 and 3.3% in the fourth quarter.},
keywords={Crude petroleum;  Newsprint;  Paper and pulp industry, Gross domestic product (GDP), Industrial economics, Crude Oil;  Economics;  Newsprint;  Pulp Industry},
issn={07380917},
coden={PPWEF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pulp Pap Week},
document_type={Note},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Eliasson200375,
author={Eliasson, G.},
title={Global economic integration and regional attractors of competence},
journal={Industry and Innovation},
year={2003},
volume={10},
number={1},
pages={75-102},
doi={10.1080/1366271032000068113},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037368345&doi=10.1080%2f1366271032000068113&partnerID=40&md5=ee42744a09d7a020472a203b992d32e5},
affiliation={Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Federation of Swedesh Industries, Indust. Inst. for Econ./Social Res., Stockholm, Sweden},
abstract={Over the entire post-World War II period globalization of production, investment, and finance have eroded the cohesive forces of the nation state as an economic and politically controlled entity, creating tension between national and local economic centers. Regional clusters of integrated economic activity moved by economic incentives have emerged that often transcend national borders. Such regions form their own economic and political entities that often relate more to the global economy than to any national economy. National government, however, still has the opportunity to support national economic growth with policies aimed at developing an institutional environment that is attractive for global investment. Welfare responsibilities, on the other hand, typically monopolized by central government in Europe and tax financed, are being undermined by the increased global mobility of tax bases. The need to substitute the central welfare responsibilities of the state with a more effective, flexible, and individually based infrastructure of social capital is derived from the analysis. Regional growth is explained as a micro market based experimental process. The endogenous disintegration in dynamic markets of previously politically controlled entities called national economies is discussed from a policy point of view. Competence bloc theory, being part of the model of the experimentally organized economy (EOE), explains the selection of projects in hierarchies and over markets, a distributed selection that endogenizes the regional allocation of resources.},
keywords={economic integration;  global economy;  industrial agglomeration;  industrial location;  transboundary cooperation},
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Eliasson and Ch. Green (eds.), Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press and Stockholm: City University Press; Bresnahan, T., Gambardella, A., Saxenian, A., Old economy inputs for 'New Economy' outcomes: Cluster formation in the New Silicon Valleys (2002) The DRUID Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics of the New and Old Economy, , Copenhagen/Elsinore, 6-8 June 2002; Carlsson, B., The content of productivity growth in Swedish manufacturing (1980) IUI 40 Years 1939-1979-The Firm in the Market Economy, , Stockholm: IUI; Carlsson, B., Industrial subsidies in Sweden: Macro-economic effects and an international comparison (1983) Journal of Industrial Economics, 32 (1), pp. 9-14. , September; Carlsson, B., Industrial subsidies in Sweden: Simulations on a micro-to-macro model (1983) Microeconometrics, IUI Yearbook 1982-1983, , Stockholm: IUI; Carlsson, B., The development and use of machine tools in historical perspective (1984) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 5, pp. 91-114; Carlsson, B., Productivity analysis: A micro-to-macro perspective (1987) 1991: Technology and Investment-Crucial Issues for the 1990s, , IUI Working Paper No. 181; later published in E. 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Ryan (eds.), OECD Educational Monograph Series, No. 3; Eliasson, G., The dynamics of supply and economic growth-how industrial knowledge accumulation drives a path-dependent economic process (1989) Industrial Dynamics-Technological Organizational, and Structural Changes in Industries and Firms, , Bo Carlsson (ed.), Boston, Dordrecht and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Eliasson, G., The firm as a competent team (1990) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 13 (3), pp. 275-298; Eliasson, G., The knowledge-based information economy (1990) 1990: The Knowledge Based Information Economy, , G. Eliasson, S. Fölster et al., Chap. I. 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Studies in the Schumpeterian Tradition, , F.M. Scherer and M. Perlman (eds.), Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press; Eliasson, G., Företagens, institutionernas and marknadernas roll i Sverige, Appendix 6 (1993) Nya Villkor För Ekonomi Och Politik, , A. Lindbeck (ed.), (SOU 1993: 16), Stockholm; Eliasson, G., A note: On privatization, contract technology and economic growth (1993) The Markets for Innovation, Ownership and Control, , R.H. Day, G. Eliasson and C. Wihlborg (eds.), Stockholm: IUI and Amsterdam: North-Holland; Eliasson, G., The micro frustrations of privatization in economies in transition (1993) Privatization in Economies in Transition, , H. Genberg (ed.), Geneva: ICMB; Eliasson, G., An individual educational investment account: A Swedish proposal (1994) European Journal of Vocational Training, 2, pp. 30-34; Eliasson, G., (1994) Markets for Learning and Educational Services-A Micro Explanation of the Rôle of Education and Development of Competence in Macroeconomic Growth, , Paris: OECD, DEELSA/ED/CERI/CD, (94) 9 (04-Nov.); Eliasson, G., Educational efficiency and the market for competence (1994) European Journal of Vocational Training, 2, pp. 5-11; Eliasson, G., (1995) En Teknologigenerator Eller Ett Nationellt Prestigeprojekt?-svensk Flygindustri [A Technology Generator or a National Prestige Project?-Swedish Aircraft Industry], , Stockholm: City University Press; Eliasson, G., (1996) Firm Objectives, Controls and Organization-the Use of Information and the Transfer of Knowledge Within the Firm, , Boston, Dordrecht and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Eliasson, G., General purpose technologies, industrial competence blocs and economic growth (1997) Technological Systems; Cases, Analyses, Comparisons, , B. Carlsson (ed.), Boston, Dordrecht and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Eliasson, G., (1997) The Venture Capitalist As a Competent Outsider, , Mimeo, INDEK, KTH, IEO R: 1997-06, Stockholm; Eliasson, G., Svensk datorindustri-en kompetensblocksanalys av dess framväxt och försvinnande [Swedish computer industry-a competence bloc analysis of its emergence and disappearance] (1998) Kompetense Og Verdiskapning, , P. Heum (ed.), SNFs Arsbok 1998. Bergen: Fagboksforlaget; Eliasson, G., Information efficiency, production organization and systems productivity-quantifying the systems effects of EDI investments (1998) Telecommunications and Socio-Economic Development, , S. Macdonald and G. Madden (eds.), Amsterdam: North-Holland; Eliasson, G., Competence blocs and industrial policy in the knowledge based economy (1998) Science, Technology, Industrial (STI) Revue, 22, pp. 209-241; Eliasson, G., Industrial policy, competence blocs and the role of science in the economic development (2000) Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1, pp. 217-241; Eliasson, G., Making intangibles visible-the value, the efficiency and the economic consequences of knowledge (2000) Competitiveness and the Value of Intangible Assets, , Pierre Buigues, Alexis jacquemin and Jean-Francois Marchipont (eds.), Cheltenham and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar; Eliasson, G., The role of knowledge in economic growth (2001) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being, , John Helliwell (ed.), Hull, Quebec, Canada: HRDC; Eliasson, G., Advanced purchasing, spillovers, innovative pricing and serendipitous discovery (2001) The EARIE 2001 Conference in Dublin, , 30 August - 2 September; Eliasson, G., The role of corporate headquarter in health care industry (2001) Huvudkontoren Flyttar Ut, , P. Braunerhjelm (ed.), Stockholm: SNS förlag; Eliasson, G., The economic role of technology in a competence bloc based industrial policy analysis (2001) Innovation, Economic Progress and Quality of Life, , G.P. Sweeney (ed.), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; Eliasson, G., The health care competence bloc (2002) Technological Systems in the Bio Industries, , Bo Carlsson (ed.), Boston, Dordrecht and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Eliasson, G., (2002) Den Nya Och Omedelbara Ekonomin-ett Internet Perspektiv, , Vinnova & Teldok, Stockholm (Telematic); Eliasson, G., (2002) The Macroeconomic Effects of Computer and Communications Technology-entering the New and Immediate Economy, , TRITA-IEO-R 2002: 17, KTH, Stockholm; Eliasson, G., Eliasson, A., The biotechnological competence bloc (1996) Revue D'Economie Industrielle, pp. 7-26. , 78-4°, Trimestre; Eliasson, G., Eliasson, A., The theory of the firm and the markets for strategic acquisitions (2002) The T9th Congress of the International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society (ISS), , Gainesville, Florida, USA, 28-30 March 2002; Eliasson, G., Eliasson, C., (1996) The Computer and Communications Industry-a Chronicle of Events That Mark the Experimental Evolution of a New Information Industry, , G. Eliasson (ed.); Eliasson, G., Johansson, D., (1999) Dynamik Och Flexibilitet I Svensk IT-industry [Dynamics and Flexibility in Swedish IT-industry], , Stockholm: City University Press; Eliasson, G., Lindberg, T., Allocation and growth effects of corporate income taxes (1981) Business Taxation, Finance and Firm Behavior, , G. Eliasson and J. Södersten (eds.), Conference Reports 1981:1. Stockholm: IUI; Eliasson, G., Johansson, D., Taymaz, E., (2001) Firm Turnover and the Rate of Growth-Simulating the Macroeconomic Effects of Schumpeterian Creative Destruction, , Mimeo, INDEK, KTH, Stockholm; Eliasson, G., Johansson, D., Taymaz, E., Simulating the new economy (2002) The 9th Congress of the International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society (ISS), , Gainesville, Florida, USA, 28-30 March 2002; Eliasson, G., Taymaz, E., Institutions, entrepreneurship, economic flexibility and growth-experiments on an evolutionary model (2000) Economic Evolution, Learning and Complexity-Economic, Experimental and Simulation Approaches, , L. Cantner, H. Hanusch and S. Klepper (eds.), Heidelberg and New York: Physica Verlag; von Hayek, F.A., Economics and knowledge (1937) Economica, 4, pp. 33-54; Johansson, D., (2001) The Dynamics of Firm and Industry Growth-the Swedish Computing and Communications Industry, , Doctoral thesis, Department of the Organization and Management, KTH, Stockholm; Knight, F., (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, , Boston: Houghton-Mifflin; Lange, O., The computer and the markets (1967) Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth; Essays Presented in Honor of Maurice Dobb, pp. 158-161. , C. H. Feinstein (ed.), Cambridge University Press; Larsson, A., Lembre, P., Meldahl, C., (1998) Science Parks and Industrial Development-a Competence Bloc Analysis of Swedish, Taiwanian and US Industrial Districts, , Short version of Master's thesis, KTH, Stockholm; Marshall, A., (1890) Principles of Economics, , London: Macmillan and Co; Marshall, A., (1919) Industry and Trade, , London: Macmillan and Co; North, D.C., Thomas, R.P., (1973) The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (1996) The Knowledge Based Economy, , OECD Paris; Romer, P.M., Increasing returns and long-run growth (1986) Journal of Political Economy, 94 (5), pp. 1002-1037. , October; Romer, P.M., Endogenous technological change (1990) Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5 PART 2), pp. 71-102; Salter, W.E.G., (1960) Productivity and Technical Change, , Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; Schumpeter, J., (1911) The Theory of Economic Development Harvard Economic Studies, 66. , (English edn 1934): Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Wallis, J., North, D., Measuring the transaction sector in the American economy (1986) Long Term Factors in American Economic Growth, , S. Engerman and R. Gallman (eds.), Chicago: Chicago University Press; Wolfe, B., Haveman, R., Accounting for the social and non-market benefits of education (2001) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being, , John Helliwell (ed.), Hull, Quebec, Canada: HRDC; Woolcock, M., The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes (2001) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-Being, , John Helliwell (ed.), Hull, Quebec, Canada: HRDC},
correspondence_address1={Eliasson, G.; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), , Stockholm, Sweden; email: Gunel@lector.kth.se},
issn={13662716},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ind. Innov.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Othman2003122,
author={Othman, N. and Kessler, C.S.},
title={Capturing globalization: Prospects and projects},
journal={Capturing Globalization},
year={2003},
pages={122-139},
doi={10.4324/9780203167601-14},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139598373&doi=10.4324%2f9780203167601-14&partnerID=40&md5=5d385ccb7754a0be48c48da8fa780154},
affiliation={Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS), Malaysia; School of Sociology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia},
abstract={The common intellectual project informing the present book was centred upon four key questions. Framed and refined at the outset, these questions and the stance of the present writers towards them soon underwent far-reaching revaluation, made necessary by the events of 1997. At mid-year much of the world was mesmerized by the transfer of power and the return of Hong Kong to mother China, and looked in those dramatic events for some signs of the new importance of the Asian region as a whole in world society and the global economy. Meanwhile, scarce-noticed events were beginning to unfold to the southwest that would soon compel an urgent reassessment of the entire framework within which political leaders, investors and their economic advisers, and scholars – as well as everyday social actors – experienced and understood the ground on which they stood, the cosmos which they inhabited. Beginning with a ‘run’ on the Thai baht, not simply an ‘Asian economic crisis’ but, emanating from its Asian epicentre, a crisis of the entire world economy announced itself. If the post-Cold War world economy had been thought to stand on rock-solid foundations, this was an earthquake, perhaps the ‘Big One’. © 2001 James H. Mittelman and Norani Othman for selection and editorial material; individual contributors their contribution. All rights reserved.},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203167600; 9781134517480; 0415257328; 9780415257329},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Capturing Globalization},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ling2003115,
author={Ling, L.H.M.},
title={Cultural chauvinism and the liberal international order: "West versus rest" in Asia’ s financial crisis},
journal={Power, Postcolonialism and International Relations: Reading Race, Gender and Class},
year={2003},
pages={115-141},
doi={10.4324/9780203166345-7},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071075975&doi=10.4324%2f9780203166345-7&partnerID=40&md5=b85c4dcaa43bf912f74ffb9d1ca3425d},
affiliation={Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands},
abstract={Pushing reform after Asia’s financial crisis (1997-8), the West’s liberal international order has effected a strategic, triple move.1 Not a cloak-and-dagger conspiracy, as some would dismiss it, this triple move rather reflects an openly calculated coordination of institutional interests to sustain Western capitalist hegemony in the global economy.2 In this case, the liberal international order has sought to (1) (re)feminize Asia by discrediting the region’s claim to a muscular, alternative capitalism; (2) (re)masculinize the role of Western capital in the region by buying out Asian capital at bankrupt prices; and (3) (re)hegemonize relations in the region, both domestically and internationally, by mimicking cold war power politics. © 2002 Selection and editorial matter, Geeta Chowdhry and Sheila Nair; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved.},
correspondence_address1={Ling, L.H.M.; Institute of Social StudiesNetherlands},
publisher={Taylor and Francis},
isbn={0203166345; 9781134486823; 0415271606; 9781138008533},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Power, Postcolonialism and International Relations: Read. Race, Gend. and Cl.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gilpin200379,
author={Gilpin, R.},
title={A postscript to the Asian financial crisis: The fragile international economic order},
journal={Cambridge Review of International Affairs},
year={2003},
volume={16},
number={1},
pages={79-88},
doi={10.1080/0955757032000075717},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048942061&doi=10.1080%2f0955757032000075717&partnerID=40&md5=dee25166df38dcb64858ae57437f9557},
affiliation={Princeton University, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article situates the East Asian financial/economic crisis among other key economic events of the post-Cold-War world, assessing its significance alongside that of America's extraordinary economic growth in the 1990s and the collapse of the 1999 World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. According to the author, the financial crisis could not have been avoided merely by removing national governments and international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund from markets. Such faith in unregulated markets is based on the incorrect assumption that investors are rational, as well as on the anomalous experience of the United States in the 1990s. While the US economy did improve markedly over the last decade, this growth was not due to unfettered capitalism, but rather to idiosyncratic aspects of the economy, such as a high borrowing rate. Gilpin points out that the end of this economic growth, alongside the protectionist impulses exhibited at the Seattle meeting, has contributed to a move away from international trade liberalization. The American free-market model, tarnished by corporate corruption, he argues, is no longer the goal of developing economies concerned about the lack of market controls. The result, he fears, is a growing fragility in the stability and governance of the global economy. © 2003, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
correspondence_address1={Gilpin, R.; Princeton UniversityUnited Kingdom},
issn={09557571},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. Rev. Int. Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Richards2003233,
author={Richards, J.E.},
title={Institutions for flying: How states built a market in international aviation services},
journal={The Rational Design of International Institutions},
year={2003},
pages={233-258},
doi={10.1017/CBO9780511512209.011},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899587312&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511512209.011&partnerID=40&md5=5893e31de94e95862e0d5f856fe68ee8},
affiliation={McKinsey and Company, Palo Alto, CA, United States},
abstract={In the aftermath of World War II, states created a complex set of bilateral and multilateral institutions to govern international aviation markets. National governments concluded bilateral agreements to regulate airport entry and capacity and delegated to the airlines, through the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the authority to set fares and terms of service in international markets. Combined, the bilateral agreements and IATA produced national monopolies connected by strictly regulated international markets in which airlines supplied identical services at identically high prices. A mixture of public and private institutions thus produced a de facto cartel in international aviation services. The cartel, or Bermuda regime, was not simply a set of institutions that facilitated profitable rent seeking, however. Indeed, despite consistent grumbling over the spoils of the cartel, the Bermuda institutions successfully facilitated the dramatic growth of international aviation markets in the postwar period. By the late 1970s, when U.S. policy began to erode the role of the Bermuda institutions in international markets, international aviation, once a small, specialized industry, had become one of the central pieces of the global economy. But the existence and subsequent dramatic growth of the market, which we now take for granted, was not at all self-evident in 1945. © The IO Foundation and MIT Press 2001 and Cambridge University Press, 2009.},
correspondence_address1={Richards, J.E.; McKinsey and CompanyUnited States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
isbn={9780511512209; 0521533589; 9780521533584},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={The Rational Design of International Institutions},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cisneros-Lavaller20032,
author={Cisneros-Lavaller, A.},
title={Crisis and oil geopolitics: World oil supply shortage?},
journal={Geopolitics of Energy},
year={2003},
volume={25},
number={1},
pages={2-3},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542289959&partnerID=40&md5=be2cf7e0fd281fe4dea9c97624344316},
affiliation={PDVSA, Venezuela},
abstract={With Venezuela's oil supply disrupted due to the national work stoppage and world oil stocks relatively low, Alberto Cisneros-Lavaller argues that another Iraq war would have serious repercussions on the world oil market and world economy. As a result, Dr. Cisneros recommends that the international community apply pressure to help resolve the dispute in Venezuela as soon as possible.},
keywords={commodity market;  geopolitics;  global economy;  oil industry;  oil supply, South America;  Venezuela},
correspondence_address1={Cisneros-Lavaller, A.; PDVSA, Caracas, Venezuela},
issn={02731371},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geopolitics Energy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor200366,
title={Global output waits on war and economics},
journal={World Oil},
year={2003},
volume={224},
number={2},
pages={66-69},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037289630&partnerID=40&md5=d6d4ca385571107fd19ed3e6ffe46bca},
abstract={It is reported that the shaky global economy and political instability in several regions led to a second straight decline in worldwide oil and condensate production. It is also reported that despite the overall trend downward, four of eight oil producing regions achieved production gains. According to the industrial sources, the output fell 0.1% to 66.9 million bopd which was less than 1.4 million bopd with respect to the year 2000.},
keywords={Crude petroleum;  Industrial economics;  Petroleum transportation, Global economy, Oil well production},
publisher={Gulf Publishing Company},
issn={00438790},
coden={WOOIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={World Oil},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brinkman2002730,
author={Brinkman, R.L. and Brinkman, J.E.},
title={Corporate power and the globalization process},
journal={International Journal of Social Economics},
year={2002},
volume={29},
number={9},
pages={730-752},
doi={10.1108/03068290210442739},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18044363612&doi=10.1108%2f03068290210442739&partnerID=40&md5=6a93aef13e6bd33151ca4c15b61e8518},
affiliation={Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States},
abstract={Looks partially toward a conceptual clarification of globalization interrelated to corporate power. The global economy has experienced structural transformation over time. An integrated network of world trade has evolved in the context of two separate stages. Stage one appeared during the period of the 1870s. The second stage appeared during the post Second World War era. To distinguish this period from stage one, the process of structural transformation now taking place is conceptualized and demarcated as corporate globalization. Given the growing increase in size, power and dominance of the MNCs, the locus of sovereignty is currently being questioned. An issue currently being raised relates to whether or not nation states or MNCs will be in control of the globalization process. Interjects and analyses the theory and policy of free trade, all of which is contained in a paradigm of culture evolution fed by the dynamics of technological change and economic development.},
author_keywords={Corporate strategy;  Globalization;  Sociotechnics},
references={Anderson, S., Cavanagh, J., Lee, T., (2000) Field Guide to the Global Economy, , The New Press, New York, NY; Arnason, J.P., Nationalism, globalization and modernity (1990) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, pp. 207-236. , in Featherstone, M. (Ed.),Sage Publications, London; Axford, B., (1995) The Global System: Politics, Economics and Culture, , St Martin's, New York, NY; Berle, A.A., (1969) Power, , Harcourt, Brace & World, New York, NY; Bowman, S.R., (1996) The Modern Corporation and American Political Thought: Law, Power, and Ideology, , Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA; Brady, R.A., (1943) Business As A System of Power, , Columbia University Press, New York, NY; Brinkman, R.L., Economic growth versus economic development toward a conceptual clarification (1995) Journal of Economic Issues, 31, pp. 1171-1188. , December; Brinkman, R.L., Toward a culture conception of technology (1997) Journal of Economic Issues, 31, pp. 1026-1038. , December; Brinkman, R.L., Brinkman, J., Cultural lag: Conception and theory (1997) International Journal of Social Economics, 24, pp. 609-627; Burtless, G., Lawrence, R.Z., Litan, R.E., Shapiro, R.J., (1998) Globaphobia, , Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC; Carr, E.H., (1945) Nationalism and after, , Macmillan, New York, NY; Chen, J., (1998) Economic Effects of Globalization, , Ashgate Publishing, Brookfield, VT; Deutsch, K.W., (1956) An Interdisciplinary Bibliography on Nationalism 1935-1953, , The Technology Press of MIT, Cambridge, MA; Dowd, D., (1997) US Capitalist Development since 1776: Of, By, and For, Which People?, , M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY; (1990) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, , Featherstone, M. (Ed.), Sage Publications, London; Feis, H., (1930) Europe the World's Banker 1870-1914, , Yale University Press, New Haven, CT; Galbraith, J.K., Power and the useful economist (1973) American Economic Review, 63, pp. 1-11; Galbraith, J.K., (1973) Economics and the Public Purpose, , Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, MA; Galbraith, J.K., (1983) The Anatomy of Power, , Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA; Gilpin, R., (2000) The Challenge of Global Capitalism, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Gregory, P., (1986) The Myth of Market Failure, , The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD; Grossman, G.M., Helpman, E., (1993) Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, , The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; Hamilton, A., (1791) Report on Manufactures, , report presented to congress, 5 December; Hilgerdt, F., The case for multilateral trade (1943) American Economic Review, 33, pp. 397-407. , March; Hirst, P., Thompson, G., (1996) Globalization in Question, , Polity Press, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford; Hoekman, B., Kostecki, M., (1995) The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to the Wto, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Holton, R.J., (1998) Globalization and the Nation-State, , St Martin's Press, New York, NY; Johnson, C., (1995) Japan: Who Governs? the Rise of the Developmental State, , W.W. Norton, New York, NY; Jones, R.J.B., (1995) Globalization and Interdependence in the International Political Economy, , Pinter Publishers, London; Keynes, J.M., (1972) The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes: Essays in Persuasion, 9. , Macmillan, London; Kindleberger, C., (1969) American Business Abroad: Six Lectures on Direct Investment, , Yale University Press, New Haven, CT; Kohn, H., (1944) The Idea of Nationalism, , Macmillan, New York, NY; Korten, D.C., (1995) When Corporations Rule the World, , Copublication of Kumarian Press and Berrett-Koehler Publishers, West Hartford, CT and San Francisco, CA; Krueger, A.O., (1998) The WTO As An International Organization, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Kuznets, S., Static and dynamic economics (1930) American Economic Review, 20, pp. 428-441. , September; Kuznets, S., (1954) Economic Change, , William Heineman, London; League of nations secretariat (1942) The Network of World Trade, , League of Nations, Geneva; (1998) Handbook on the Globalization of the World Economy, , Leavy-Livermore, A. (Ed.), Edward Elgar, North Hampton, MA; Lovett, W.A., Jr E. E, A., Brinkman, R.L., (1999) US Trade Policy: History, Theory and the WTO, , ME. Sharpe, Armonk, NY; Martin, H.-P., Schuman, H., (1998) The Global Trap: Globalization and the Assault on Democracy and Prosperity, , Zed Books, London; Meier, G.M., (1998) The International Environment of Business, , Oxford University Press, New York, NY; Miringoff, M., Miringoff, M., (1999) The Social Health of the Nation, , Oxford University Press, New York, NY; Mishel, L., Bernstein, J., Schmitt, J., (1999) The State of Working America 1998-1999, , Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY; (1997) Globalization: Critical Reflections, , Mittelman, J.H. (Ed.), Lynne Riener Publishers, Boulder, CO; Myrdal, G., (1957) Rich Lands and Poor, , Harper, New York, NY; Myrdal, G., What is development (1974) Journal of Economic Issues, (8), pp. 729-736. , December; Nader, R., Wallach, L., GATT, NAFTA and the subversion of the democratic process (1996) The Case Against the Global Economy: And for A Turn Toward the Local, , Mander, J. and Goldsmith, E. (Eds), Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, CA; (1993) Intra-firm Trade, , OECD, OECD, Paris; Ohmae, K., (1995) The Evolving Economy, , Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA; Pearson, L.B., (1969) Partners in Development, , Praeger, New York, NY; Polanyi, K., (1944) The Great Transformation, , Farrer & Rinehart, New York, NY; Pomeranz, K., Topik, S., (1999) The World Tliat Trade Created: Society, Culture and the World Economy 1400-Present, , ME. Sharpe, Armonk, NY; Robertson, R., (1992) Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, , Sage Publications, London; Rodrik, D., (1997) Has Globalization Gone Too Far?, , Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC; Rodrik, D., Has globalization gone too far? (1998) Challange, pp. 81-94. , March-April; Rothgeb Jr., J.M., (1993) Defining Power: Influence in the Contemporary International System, , St Martin's Press, New York, NY; Russell, B., (1963) Power, , George Allen & Unwin, London; Salvatore, D., (1998) International Economics, , Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ; Samuelson, P.A., (1970) Economics, , 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY; Sklar, R.L., On the concept of power in political economy (1983) Toward A Humanistic Science of Politics: Essays in Honor of Francis Dunham Wormuth, University Press of America, Lanham, MD, , Nelson, D.H. and Sklar, R.L. (Eds); Snyder, L.L., (1954) The Meaning of Nationalism, , Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ; Soros, G., The capitalist threat (1997) The Atlantic Monthly, 279. , March; Soros, G., (1998) The Crisis of Global Capitalism, , Public Affairs, New York, NY; Svennilson, I., (1954) Growth and Stagnation of the European Economy, , United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva; (1998) Human Development Report, , United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Oxford University Press, New York, NY and Oxford; (1999) Human Development Report, , United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Oxford University Press, New York, NY and Oxford; Vehlen, T., (1997) Absentee Ownership, , (1923), Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ; Vernon, R., International investment and international trade in the product cycle (1966) Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 197-207. , May; Vernon, R., (1971) Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of the U.S. Enterprises, , Basic Books, New York, NY; Vernon, R., (1977) Storm over the Multinationals: The Real Issues, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Vernon, R., The product cycle hypothesis in a new international environment (1979) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, pp. 255-267. , November; Vernon, R., (1998) In the Hurricane's Eye: The Troubled Prospects of Multinational Enterprises, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Zimmerman, L.J., (1965) Poor Lands, Rich Lands: The Widening Gap, , Random House, New York, NY; Bhagwati, J., (1998) The Uruguay Round and beyond, , University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI; Breuilly, J., (1993) Nationalism and the State, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Greider, W., (1997) One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism, , Simon & Schuster, New York, NY; Stephenson, H., (1972) The Coming Clash: The Impact of Multinational Corporations on Nation States, , The Saturday Review Press, New York, NY},
correspondence_address1={Brinkman, R. L.; Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States},
issn={03068293},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Soc. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Baines2002337,
author={Baines, A.},
title={Capital mobility and European financial and monetary integration: A structural analysis},
journal={Review of International Studies},
year={2002},
volume={28},
number={2},
pages={337-357},
doi={10.1017/S0260210502003376},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036011864&doi=10.1017%2fS0260210502003376&partnerID=40&md5=3244093b49aa3fad32e056ef91a58818},
abstract={This study demonstrates the link between rising levels of capital mobility and European financial and monetary integration. State policies are driven and constrained by the financial structure of the international political economy. However, political adaptation to structural conditions can itself force changes in the structure-a process of 'structuration'. Practically, the study outlines the rise of capital mobility in the post-war period, and argues that the creation of a European Financial Area was an imperative of the associated deregulatory dynamic. The consequences of this development for state sovereignty are outlined in terms of the Capital Mobility Hypothesis. The proposition is advanced that political motivation to reassert some degree of state autonomy is the driving force behind the move to a single currency. In taking this innovative policy step, the EU countries will have challenged the financial structure by reasserting some degree of political control over the way finance flows around the global economy.},
issn={02602105},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Int. Stud.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sudbury200257,
author={Sudbury, J.},
title={Celling Black Bodies: Black Women in the Global Prison Industrial Complex},
journal={Feminist Review},
year={2002},
volume={70},
number={1},
pages={57-74},
doi={10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400006},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129718051&doi=10.1057%2fpalgrave.fr.9400006&partnerID=40&md5=edef0b449e42a56de40578e90e4ddcc2},
abstract={The 1980s and 1990s have witnessed an explosion in the population of women prisoners in Europe, North America and Australasia, accompanied by a boom in prison construction. This article argues that this new pattern of women's incarceration has been forged by three overlapping phenomena. The first is the fundamental shift in the role of the state that has occurred as a result of neo-liberal globalization. The second and related phenomenon is the emergence and subsequent global expansion of what has been labelled a ‘prison industrial complex’ made up of an intricate web of relations between state penal institutions, politicians and profit-driven prison corporations. The third is the emergence of a US-led global war on drugs which is symbiotically related and mutually constituted by the transnational trade in criminalized drugs. These new regimes of accumulation and discipline, I argue, build on older systems of racist and patriarchal exploitation to ensure the super-exploitation of black women within the global prison industrial complex. The article calls for a new anti-racist feminist analysis that explores how the complex matrix of race, class, gender and nationality meshes with contemporary globalized geo-political and economic realities. The prison industrial complex plays a critical role in sustaining the viability of the new global economy and black women are increasingly becoming the raw material that fuels its expansion and profitability. The article seeks to reveal the profitable synergies between drug enforcement, the prison industry, international financial institutions, media and politicians that are sending women to prison in ever increasing numbers. © 2002 Feminist Review.},
author_keywords={globalization;  prison industrial complex;  war on drugs},
references={Albrecht, H.J., Gerber, J., Hensen, E., ‘The international system of drug control: developments and trends’ (2001) Drug Mar, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives, , New York and London, Garland Publishing, and, (2001) editors; Bacon, W., Pi Hemer, T., ‘Violence blamed as women fill prison’ (2000) Sydney Morning Herald, , www.smh.com.au/news/001/08/national/nationall.html, and, January 8, 2000; Bean, P., Gerber, J., Hensen, E., ‘American influence on British drug policy’ (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives, , New York and London, Garland Publishing, and, (2001) editors; (2000) Aboriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System, , Ottawa; Ching Yoon Louie, M., (2001) Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Factory, , Cambridge, MA, Southend Press; Churchill, W., (1990) Cointelpro Papers: Documents from the FBIs Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent, , Boston, South End Press; (1994) Racism Behind Bars, , Toronto, Queens Printers; Currie, E., (1998) Crime and Punishment, , in America, New York, Henry Holt and Co; Davis, A.Y., James, J., ‘Race and criminalization: black Americans and the punishment industry’ (1998) The Angela Y. Davis Reader, , Maiden, MA, Blackwell Publishers., (1998) editor; Dyer, J., (2000) The Perpetual Prisoner Machine: How America Profits from Crime, , Boulder, CO, Westview Press; (1998), http://www.usdoj.gov/reports/98Guide/wcjc98/execsumm.htm, (, ) Women Criminal Justice: A Twenty Year Update, accessed July 13, 2001; Elkins, M., Gray, C., Rogers, K., (2001) Prison Population Brief England and Wales April 2001, , London, Home Office Research Development Statistics; Friman, H.R., (1996) Narcodiplomacy: Exporting the US War on Drugs, , Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press; Goldberg, E., Evans, L., (1998) The Prison Industrial Complex and the Global Economy, , Berkeley, CA, Agit Press; Hannah-Moffatt, K., Shaw, M., (2000) An Ideal Prison?: Critical Essays on Women's Imprisonment in Canada, , Halifax, Fernwood Publishing; Harper, R., Murphy, R., (1999) Drug Smuggling: an analysis of the traffickers 1991–1997, , London, Middlesex Probation Service; Harrison, F.V., Mohanty, C.T., Ann, R., Lourdes, T., ‘Women in Jamaica's urban informal economy’ (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, , IN, USA, Indiana University Press., and, (1991) editors; (1982) Prison Statistics England and Wales 1980, , London, HMSO; Joyce, E., Joyce, E., Carlos, M., ‘Cocaine trafficking and British foreign policy’ (1998) Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade, , Basingstoke, MacMillan Press., and, (1998) editors; Kempadoo, K., (1999) Sun, Sex and Gold, , New York, Rowman and Littlefield Publishing., (, ) editor; Klein, N., (2001) No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, , Toronto, Vintage Canada; Martin, W., ‘Privatizing prisons from the USA to SA: controlling dangerous Africans across the Atlantic’ (2001) ACAS Bulletin, , http://acas.prairienet.org/Wackenhutv5.htm, Winter, No. 59; Morgan, R., ‘New Labour “law and order” politics and the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee Report on alternatives to prison sentences’ (1999) Punishment and Society, , July 1, No. 1; Oliver, M., Shapiro, T., (1995) Black Wealth, White Wealth: a New Perspective on Racial Inequality, , London and New York, Routledge; (2001) Select Committee on the Increase in Prisoner Population, , www.parliament.nsw.gov.au, accessed July 4; Phizacklea, A., (1990) Unpacking the Fashion Industry: Gender, Racism and Class in Production, , London and New York, Routledge; (1996) ‘Labour to Halt New Private Prisons’, , London, Prison Reform Trust. June; (1998) ‘UK profits’, , (, a), Nov/Dec; (1998) ‘Labour's prison U-turn complete’, , (, b), June; Prison, R.T., (2000) Justice For Women: The Need for Reform, , London, Prison Reform Trust; Richie, B., (1996) Compelled To Crime: The Gender Entrapment of Battered Black Women, , London and New York, Routledge; Rojas, P.M., ‘Complex facts’ (1998) Colorlmes, 1 (2), p. 13. , No; Rose, D., ‘Opium of the People’ (2001) The Observer, , www.observer.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,518495,00.html; Shiva, V., (2001) Yoked to Death: Globalization and Corporate Control of Agriculture, , New Delhi, RFSTE; Speller, A., (1996) Private Sector Involvement in Prisons, , London, Church House Publishing; Smith, K., (1999) ‘From the Desk of Kemba Smith’, , www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/8899/pen.html, December 13, 1999; Sudbury, J., ‘Transatlantic visions: resisting the globalization of mass incarceration’ (2000) Social Justice, 27 (3), pp. 133-149. , No; Sudbury, J., ‘Globalisation, Incarcerated Black Women/Women of Colour and the Challenge to Feminist Scholarship’ (2001) Millenial Visions Issues for feminism, , Cardiff University Press, Womens Studies Network: (ed) 2001; Waters, M., (1998) ‘Congressional black Caucus blasts president's crack/powder cocaine sentencing recommendations’, , www.house.gov/waters/Pi_980722_cocaine.html, Press Release, July 22. 1998; Yeoman, B., ‘Steeltown Lockdown’ (2000) Mother Jones, , May/June; Young, P., (1987) The Prison Cell, , London, Adam Smith Institute; Van Der Veen, H., (2000) The International Drug Complex, , Amsterdam, Center for Drug Research, University of Amsterdam},
correspondence_address1={Sudbury, J.},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={01417789},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fem. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fukamachi20028,
author={Fukamachi, K.},
title={Industry and instrumentation in the wave of the times},
journal={Kami,Parupu Gijutsu Taimusu/Japanese Journal of Paper Technology},
year={2002},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={8-11},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036468469&partnerID=40&md5=037a3824e8e4c264491efcefe18297d2},
affiliation={Visiting Research Stuff, Adv. Res. Inst. for Sci. and Eng., Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={The 21st century began with global economy confusion and complicated by terrorism, a different type of war. Our growing civilization has come to a serious turning point that may be interpreted as a global scale imbalance between material and energy. While only a few people in our increasing population fully enjoy the benefits of a material civilization, new frontiers in computer technology are rapidly increasing daily. From a detached viewer's point of view of industry and technology, the paper looks at what type of role will be expected of instrumentation technology and the instrumentation engineer. This is situated in the related worlds of actuality and large frame information and describes the following items: global resources and energy as the positioned environment of industry, movement of capital and investment funds, present position of current technology, the point at issue brought by the spread of computers, and instrumentation future. Finally, the article describes the identity of the instrumentation engineer as one who considers how to bring the favor of material and energy to the market fully using all available technical skills considering mechanical apparatus restrictions and the required technology to achieve the target.},
correspondence_address1={Fukamachi, K.; Visiting Research Stuff, , Tokyo, Japan},
issn={04531507},
coden={KPGTA},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={Kami,Parupu Gijutsu Taimusu},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bray2002117,
author={Bray, D.W. and Bray, M.W.},
title={Beyond neoliberal globalization: Another world},
journal={Latin American Perspectives},
year={2002},
volume={29},
number={6},
pages={117-126},
doi={10.1177/0094582X0202900613},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047684497&doi=10.1177%2f0094582X0202900613&partnerID=40&md5=e3c9870021f503fff4956aeae69286b3},
affiliation={Department of Political Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Latin American Studies Center, United States; California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States},
abstract={Globalization has become the predominant framework for the analysis of the world political economy. The literature is replete with telling criticism of the consequences of globalization controlled by neoliberal ideology, namely, social and economic injustice and despoliation of the environment. What needs to be done is to construct an alternative model of global change and to elaborate a political agenda for its implementation. Establishment theorists, stung by widespread antineoliberalism mobilizations including ones in Seattle and Washington, DC (right in the neoliberal heartland), have rallied to resist the challenge to their model of a corporation-dominated world. They have responded with "phase 2 reform" as damage control for the current world system (transperialism) through trickle-down economics. This is avoidance of what really is demanded by our time: transcending neoliberalism to achieve another world. The essential elements of another world are personal well-being, environment enhancement, social justice, human rights, space for personal creativity and technical innovation, enlightened international law and regulation, the end of the war system, the politics of individual and group fulfillment, the promotion of cultural expression and preservation, and citizen control. The literature explains why the present world system is generally detrimental to the attainment of any of these goals.},
keywords={global economy;  globalization;  neoliberalism;  political economy;  world system},
correspondence_address1={Bray, D.W.; California State University, , Los Angeles, United States},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={0094582X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Lat. Am. Perspect.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gillespie200273,
author={Gillespie, M.},
title={Saving what we love at any cost: The rhetoric of heroic medicine as diversion},
journal={Journal of Medical Humanities},
year={2002},
volume={23},
number={1},
pages={73-86},
doi={10.1023/A:1013093604406},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52649132994&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1013093604406&partnerID=40&md5=cde590acd8344e17684397183a6ee6b5},
affiliation={Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of Nebraska-Omaha, United States},
abstract={Discussion of the worldwide corporate development of biotechnologies is sometimes diverted through the introduction of images of heroic medical intervention, exemplified by the statement, "I would do anything to save my daughter." Such heroic images seem to justify virtually any deployment of resources and nearly any health or environmental risk. But it is instructive for future public discussions to examine the use of such images, and to note that those advocating a prominent role for biotechnologies in an expanding global economy welcome such diversionary patterns. Our responsibility to do our own thinking is beset by conditions that may lead us astray. In a time burdened by profound worry-crushing inequalities among the world's peoples, an ecological crisis, and threat of nuclear war-it is tempting to avert our eyes when we are faced with grave new dangers. Moreover, in our increasingly visual culture, images have come to function as a facsimile of and substitute for real thinking. If we are to have significant discussions about the potential of biotechnology, we must not only be wary of promises of economic growth but must also be mindful of sources of diversion and the appeals of image-thinking. We should strive to become more critical of our own ways of thinking, thus opening the discussion to a fuller consideration of what needs to be saved. © 2002 Human Sciences Press, Inc.},
author_keywords={Biotechnology;  Ecological crisis;  Image;  Visual culture},
references={Stafford, W., (1998) The Way It Is: New and Selected Poems, p. 75. , St. Paul: Graywolf Press; Thomas, A., (1995) To Love or to Kill: Man Versus Animal., , Home Box Office, America Undercover Series; Joy, B., "Why the Future Doesn't Need Us," Wired, pp. 238-262. , April 2000; McKibben, B., "How Much Is Enough? the Environmental Movement As A Pivot Point in History", , [www.ecoethics.net/hsev/NewScience/McKibben.htm]; O'Brien, M.H., "When Harm is Not Necessary: Risk Assessment As Diversion," (2000) Reclaiming the Environmental Debate: The Politics of Health in A Toxic Culture, p. 114. , ed. Richard Hofrichter Cambridge: MIT Press; Pascal, B., The Thoughts of Biaise Pascal, , Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, N. D; (1992) Crossing the Postmodern Divide, pp. 12-19. , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Berry, W., (1998) A Timbered Choir, p. 98. , Washington, D. C.: Counterpoint Press; Macy, J., Brown, M.Y., (1998) Coming Back to Life: Practices to Reconnect Our Lives, Our World, pp. 25-26. , Cabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers; Macy, 26; Mirzoeff, N., (1999) An Introduction to Visual Culture, , London: Routledge; Duncum, P., "A Case for an Art Education of Everyday Aesthetics," (1999) Studies in Art Education, 40, pp. 302-304. , and Mirzoeff, 26-31; Berger, J., (1983) Ways of Seeing, , New York: Penguin; Baudrillard, J., Simulations, , (New York: Semiotext(e), 1983); Ewen, S., (1988) Ail-Consuming Images: the Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture, , New York: Basic Books; Delillo, D., (1997) Underworld, p. 530. , New York: Scribner; Bausch, R., (1992) Violence, , Boston: Houghton Mifflin/Seymour Lawrence; Romanyshyn, R.D., "The Despotic Eye and its Shadow: Media Image in the Age of Literacy," (1993) Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision, p. 356. , ed. David Michael Levin Berkeley: University of California Press; Borgmann, A., (1999) Holding on to Reality: The Nature of Information at the Turn of the Millennium, p. 191. , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Borgmann, Holding on to Reality, 192; Hofrichter, R., "Introduction: Critical Perspectives on Human Health and the Environment," Reclaiming the Environmental Debate, 2. , Hofrichter; McKibben, I., Nehamas, A., "Plato and the Mass Media," (1999) Virtues of Authenticity, pp. 279-299. , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Kittredge, W., (1996) Who Owns the West?, pp. 99-100. , San Francisco: Mercury House},
publisher={Springer New York LLC},
issn={10413545},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Med. Humanit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mabogunje2002,
author={Mabogunje, A.L.},
title={Challenges within the global economy},
journal={Environment},
year={2002},
volume={44},
number={1},
pages={X-18},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346976241&partnerID=40&md5=a9d215de077e1b58d0859c8926a20575},
affiliation={Development Policy Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria},
abstract={The link between deepening poverty and environmental degradation confornts anyone living in a developing country on a daily basis. Perhaps most striking is the increased visibility and extent of both of these phenomena since the end of the Second World War, despite the organized efforts of the United Nations and related international agencies to promote global development in a series of well-publicized social and economic development efforts. Although some countries have made significant progress in this respect, and some individual groups and social classes have escaped poverty, millions remain mired in desperation.},
references={(2000) World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty, p. 3. , New York: Oxford University Press; (1997) Human Development Report 1997, p. 3. , New York: Oxford University Press; Human Development Report 1997, p. 15; United Nations, 1993; Polanyi, K., (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, p. 75. , New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; World Bank, note 1 above, 180; Pottebaum, D.A., (1999) Economic and Social Implications of War and Conflict, , Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, Agricultural Economics Department; World Bank, note 1 above, page 127; (2001) World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision, , draft, 28 February; (2001) World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision; (1996) An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements 1996, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Marshall, A., (1996) The State of the World Population 1996: Changing Places: Population, Development and the Urban Future, , http://www.unfpa.org/swp/1996/SWP96MN.HTM, United Nations Population Fund; (1994) World Resources 1994-95: A Guide to the Global Environment, p. 10. , New York: Oxford University Press; http://www.wri.org/biodiv/tropical/html, WRI; Raven, P.H., Williams, T., Human Nature and Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World (2000) Proceedings of the 1997 Forum on Biodiversity, , Board on Biology, National Research Council National Academy Press; http://www.rainforestweb.org_information/biodiversity/?state=more, RainforestWeb.Org; (1987) World Resources 1987: An Assessment of the Resource Base That Supports the Global Economy, p. 3. , New York: Basic Books Inc; Air Pollution in the World's Megacities (1994) Environment, pp. 4-13. , March; Monitoring the Global Environment: An Assessment of Urban Air Quality (1998) Environment, pp. 6-13. , October; (1996) An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements 1996, p. 171. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1992) State of Urbanization in Asia and the Pacific, , ST/ESCAP/1300 New York: United Nations; UNCHS, note 19 above, page 270; (1991) Status of Ground Water Pollution in India, Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, p. 32. , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh: Ground Water Pollution Directorate; Jeyaratnam, J., Acute Pesticide Poisoning: A Major Global Health Problem (1990) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 43, pp. 139-143; McCarthy, J., McKenna, M., How Earth's Ice Is Changing (2000) Environment, pp. 8-18. , December; (2001) Climate Change 2000: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, p. 14. , New York: Cambridge University Press; Kates, R.W., Cautionary Tales: Adaptation and the Global Poor (2000) Climatic Change 2000, 45 (1), pp. 5-17; Kates, R.W., Haarmann, V., Where the Poor Live: Are the Assumptions Correct? (1992) Environment, pp. 4-11. , May; (1992) Environment, pp. 4-11; McGranahan, G., Songsore, J., Wealth, Health, and the Urban Household: Weighing Environmental Burdens in Accra, Jakarta, and São Paulo (1994) Environment, pp. 4-11. , July/August; World Bank, note 1 above, page 182; Reardon, T., Taylor, J.E., Agroclimatic Shock, Income Inequality and Poverty: Evidence from Burkina Faso (1996) World Development, 24 (5), pp. 901-914; Vos, R., Velasco, M., De Labastida, E., (1999) Economic and Social Effects of el Niño in Ecuador, 1997-1998, , Washington, D.C.: Inter-America Development Bank; Hoddinott, J., Kinsey, B., (1998) Child Growth in the Time of Drought, , Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute; Sapir, D., Infectious Disease Epidemics and Urbanization: A Critical Review of the Issues (1990) WHO Commission on Health and Environment, , Geneva: WHO, Division of Environmental Health; (2001) AIDS Epidemic Update - December 2001, , http://www.unaids.org/epidemic_update/report_dec01/index#full, December; (1987) Our Common Future, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Haas, P., Levy, M.A., Parson, E.A., Appraising the Earth Summit: How Should We Judge UNCED's Success? (1992) Environment, pp. 6-11. , October; Robinson, N.A., (1996) Agenda 21: Earth's Action Plan, p. 63. , New York: Oceania; World Bank, note 1 above, page 187; Kates, R.W., Sustainability Science (2001) Science, pp. 641-712. , http://www.sustainabilityscience.org, 27 April},
correspondence_address1={Mabogunje, A.L.; Development Policy Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria},
issn={00139157},
coden={ENVTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Environment},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor20029,
title={War and the global economy},
journal={Economic Outlook},
year={2002},
volume={27},
number={1},
pages={9-14},
doi={10.1111/1468-0319.00359},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036753792&doi=10.1111%2f1468-0319.00359&partnerID=40&md5=d02866beff68b255433d625a17153bae},
abstract={Recent months have seen the adoption of an increasingly belligerent stance towards Iraq on the parts of the US and the UK in particular, signalling a shift from the policy of containment that has been in place since the last Gulf War, and towards a more aggressive policy. As yet, it is unclear whether this increased belligerence will culminate in a renewed full-scale military engagement with Iraq, to achieve the much vaunted 'regime change', or whether the outcome will be an agreement to a new programme of weapons inspections. But the risk of a military conflict appears to have increased. This article assesses the potential economic implications of such a conflict, exploring different scenarios for how it might evolve, and their impact on oil prices and global growth.},
keywords={economic growth;  economic impact;  global economy;  war},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={0140489X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Outlook},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sudbury200257,
author={Sudbury, J.},
title={Celling black bodies: Black women in the global prison industrial complex},
journal={Feminist Review},
year={2002},
volume={70},
number={1},
pages={57-74},
doi={10.1057/palgrave/fr/9400006},
note={cited By 72},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036053002&doi=10.1057%2fpalgrave%2ffr%2f9400006&partnerID=40&md5=6ce81add6bde0ade766a3344bfa2e4e6},
abstract={The 1980s and 1990s have witnessed an explosion in the population of women prisoners in Europe, North America and Australasia, accompanied by a boom in prison construction. This article argues that this new pattern of women's incarceration has been forged by three overlapping phenomena. The first is the fundamental shift in the role of the state that has occurred as a result of neo-liberal globalization. The second and related phenomenon is the emergence and subsequent global expansion of what has been labelled a ‘prison industrial complex' made up of an intricate web of relations between state penal institutions, politicians and profit-driven prison corporations. The third is the emergence of a US-led global war on drugs which is symbiotically related and mutually constituted by the transnational trade in criminalized drugs. These new regimes of accumulation and discipline, I argue, build on older systems of racist and patriarchal exploitation to ensure the superexploitation of black women within the global prison industrial complex. The article calls for a new anti-racist feminist analysis that explores how the complex matrix of race, class, gender and nationality meshes with contemporary globalized geo-political and economic realities. The prison industrial complex plays a critical role in sustaining the viability of the new global economy and black women are increasingly becoming the raw material that fuels its expansion and profitability. The article seeks to reveal the profitable synergies between drug enforcement, the prison industry, international financial institutions, media and politicians that are sending women to prison in ever increasing numbers. © 2002 Feminist Review.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Prison industrial complex;  War on drugs},
references={Albrecht, H.J., The international system of drug control: Developments and trends (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives, , J. Gerber, and E. Hensen (2001) editors, New York and London: Garland Publishing; Bacon, W., Pillemer, T., Violence blamed as women fill prison (2000) Sydney Morning Herald, , www.smh.com.au/news/001/08/national/national1.html, January 8, 2000; Bean, P., American influence on British drug policy (2001) Drug War, American Style: The Internationalization of Failed Policy and Its Alternatives, , J. Gerber, and E. Hensen (2001) editors, New York and London: Garland Publishing; (2000) Boriginal Peoples and the Criminal Justice System, , Ottawa; Ching Yoon Louie, M., (2001) Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Factory, , Cambridge, MA: Southend Press; Churchill, W., (1990) Cointelpro Papers: Documents from the Fbis Secret Wars against Domestic Dissent, , Boston: South End Press; (1994) Racism behind Bars, , Toronto: Queens Printers; Currie, E., (1998) Crime and Punishment in America, , New York: Henry Holt and Co; Davis, A.Y., Race and criminalization: Black Americans and the punishment industry (1998) The Angela Y. Davis Reader, , J. James (1998) editor, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers; Dyer, J., (2000) The Perpetual Prisoner Machine: How America Profits from Crime, , Boulder, CO: Westview Press; (1998) Women in Criminal Justice: A Twenty Year Update, , http:// www.usdoj.gov/reports/98Guide/wcjc98/execsumm.htm, accessed July 13, 2001; Elkins, M., Gray, C., Rogers, K., (2001) Prison Population Brief England and Wales April 2001, , London: Home Office Research Development Statistics; Friman, H.R., (1996) Narcodiplomacy: Exporting the US War on Drugs, , Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; Goldberg, E., Evans, L., (1998) The Prison Industrial Complex and the Global Economy, , Berkeley, CA: Agit Press; Hannah-Moffatt, K.S., (2000) An Ideal Prison?: Critical Essays on Women's Imprisonment in Canada, , Halifax: Fernwood Publishing; Harper, R., Murphy, R., (1999) Drug Smuggling: An Analysis of the Traffickers 1991-1997, , London: Middlesex Probation Service; Harrison, F.V., Women in Jamaica’s urban informal economy (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, , C.T. Mohanty, R. Ann and T. Lourdes (1991) editors, IN, USA: Indiana University Press; (1982) Prison Statistics England and Wales 1980, , London: HMSO; Joyce, E., Cocaine trafficking and British foreign policy (1998) Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade, , E. Joyce and M. Carlos (1998) editors, Basingstoke: MacMillan Press; Kempadoo, K., (1999) Sun, Sex and Gold, , New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishing; Klein, N., (2001) No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, , Toronto: Vintage Canada; Martin, W., Privatizing prisons from the USA to SA: Controlling dangerous Africans across the Atlantic (2001) ACAS Bulletin, Winter, No, (59). , http://acas.prairienet.org/Wackenhutv5.htm; Morgan, R., New Labour ''law and order” politics and the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee Report on alternatives to prison sentences (1999) Punishment and Society, (1); Oliver, M., Shapiro, T., (1995) Black Wealth, White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality, , London and New York: Routledge; (2001) Select Committee on the Increase in Prisoner Population, , www.parliament.nsw.gov.au, accessed July 4; Phizacklea, A., Unpacking the Fashion Industry: Gender (1990) Racism and Class in Production, , London and New York: Routledge; (1996) 'Labour to Halt New Private Prisons', , London: Prison Reform Trust. June; (1998) 'UK Profits', , Nov/Dec; (1998) 'Labour's Prison U-Turn Complete', , June; Prison, R.T., (2000) Justice for Women: The Need for Reform, , London: Prison Reform Trust; Richie, B., (1996) Compelled to Crime: The Gender Entrapment of Battered Black Women, , London and New York: Routledge; Rojas, P.M., Complex facts (1998) Colorlines, 1 (2), p. 13; Rose, D., Opium of the People The Observer, , www.observer.co.uk/focus/story/ 0,6903,518495,00.html; Shiva, V., (2001) Yoked to Death: Globalization and Corporate Control of Agriculture, , New Delhi: RFSTE; Speller, A., (1996) Private Sector Involvement in Prisons, , London: Church House Publishing; Smith, K., (1999) 'From the Desk of Kemba Smith', , www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/8899/pen. html, December l3, l999; Sudbury, J., Transatlantic visions: Resisting the globalization of mass incarceration (2000) Social Justice, 27 (3), pp. 133-149; Sudbury, J., Globalisation, Incarcerated Black Women/Women of Colour and the Challenge to Feminist Scholarship (2001) 2001 Millenial Visions Issues for Feminism, , Women's Studies Network: (ed), Cardiff University Press; Waters, M., (1998) 'Congressional Black Caucus Blasts President's Crack/Powder Cocaine Sentencing Recommendations', , Press Release, www.house.gov/waters/Pi_980722_cocaine.html, July 22. 1998; Yeoman, B., (2000) 'Steeltown Lockdown', , Mother Jones, May/June; Young, P., (1987) The Prison Cell, , London: Adam Smith Institute; Van Der Veen, H., (2000) The International Drug Complex, Amsterdam: Center for Drug Research, , University of Amsterdam},
issn={01417789},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fem. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Whalen200245,
author={Whalen, C.T.},
title={Sweatshops here and there: The garment industry, latinas, and labor migrations},
journal={International Labor and Working-Class History},
year={2002},
number={61},
pages={45-68},
doi={10.1017/s0147547902000054},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036014621&doi=10.1017%2fs0147547902000054&partnerID=40&md5=1afcb1f4006b91965176525778d1cc2c},
affiliation={Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States},
abstract={From the post-World War II era to the present, the US garment industry has turned to Latinas as a source of low-wage workers in their countries of origin and as migrants to the United States. The globalization of the garment industry has meant the proliferation of export processing zones overseas and of sweatshops in US cities. Sweatshops, here and there, have become a locus of Latinas' labor in the global economy. This essay examines the impact of this evolving process on Puerto Rican and Dominican women, in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, and as labor migrants to New York City. The globalization of the garment industry provides an example of the economic and political connections between the United States and countries of origin that shape migrations, as well as a lens for understanding deteriorating economic conditions in the inner cities.},
correspondence_address1={Whalen, C.T.; Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={01475479},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Labor Work.-Cl. Hist.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brah200230,
author={Brah, A.},
title={Global mobilities, local predicaments: Globalization and the critical imagination},
journal={Feminist Review},
year={2002},
number={70},
pages={30-45},
doi={10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400008},
note={cited By 57},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035993012&doi=10.1057%2fpalgrave.fr.9400008&partnerID=40&md5=00759aa272d13df40c0c70a9fea6b025},
abstract={Analysing some of the key discourses of 'globalization' and their relationship to global/local processes of gender, the article makes a distinction between the 'global' and 'globolization', such that the latter is seen as only one dimension of the 'global'. Globalization is understood os comprising complex and contradictory phenomena with diverse and differential impact across distinct categories of people, localities, regions and hemispheres. Hence, the notion of being straightforwardly 'for' or 'against' globalization is problematized. The essay explores media response to a major global event - the bombing of the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington DC on 11 September - in terms of the 'agenda setting' role of the US's 'mainstream' national television news coverage in the aftermath of the first two weeks. A subsequent peace rally, the 'International Day Against War and Racism', held in Washington DC, is analysed as the site for the emergence of a new oppositional political subject in the current context. The article underscores the importance of addressing 'intersectionality' to a critical imagination.},
author_keywords={11 September and the bombing of Afghanistan;  Feminist imagination;  Gender;  Global;  Global economy;  Globalization;  International economy;  Islam;  Media representations;  Taliban;  Women},
references={Brah, A., (1996) Cartographies of Diaspora, Contesting Identities, , London & New York: Routledge; Brah, A., Coombes, A.E., (2000) Hybridity and Its Discontents: Politics, Science, Culture, , London & New York: Routledge; Brah, A., Shaw, S., (1992) Working Choices: South Asian Muslim young Women in the Labour Market, , London: Department of Employment, Research paper no. 91; Brah, A., Hickman, M., Mac an Ghail, M., (1999) Global Futures: Migrations, Enviornment and globalization, , London: Macmillan; Carnoy, M., Castens, M., Cohen, S., Cardoso, F.H., (1993) The New Global Economy in the International Age; Reflections on our changing world, , Pennsylvania State University Press; Castells, E., End of millenium (1998) Information Age: Economy Society and Culture, 3. , Oxford: Blackwell; Cox, R.W., A perspective on globalization (1996) Globalization: Critical Reflections, , Mittleman, J.H. editors, London: Lynne Rienner; De Lauretis, T., (1984) Alice Doesn't: Femininsm, Semiotics, Cinema, , Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Enloe, C., (1990) Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, , Berkely: University of California Press; Gedalof, I., (1999) Against Purity: Rethinking Identity with Indian and Western Feminisms, , London and NY: Routledge; Giddens, A., (2000) Runaway World: How Globalization is reshaping our lives, , London, NY: Routledge; Harvey, D., (2001) Spaces of Hope, , Berkely: University of California Press; Held, D., (2000) A Globalizing World? Culture, Economics, Politics, , London and New York: Routledge; Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., Perraton, J., (1999) Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Culture, , Cambridge: Polity; Hirst, P.Q., Thomson, G.F., (1999) Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance (2nd edn), , Cambridge: Polity; Kaplan, C., The politics of location as transnational practice (1994) Scattered Hegeminies, , I. Grewal, and C. Kaplan, editors, Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press; Kofman, E., Phizacklea, A., Raghuram, P., Sales, R., (2000) Gender and International Migration in Europe: Employment, Welfare and Politics, , London and New York: Routledge; Lewis, G., (2000) Race, Gender, Social Welfare, , Cambridge: Polity; Mani, L., (1999) Contentious Traditions, , USA: indiana University Press; Mittleman, J.H., (1996) Globalization: Critical Reflections, , London: Lynne Rienner; Mohanty, T., ...Locating experience (1992) Destablising Theory, , M. Barrett, and A. Philips, editors, Cambridge: Polity Press; Pettman, J.J., (1996) Worlding Women: Feminist International Politics, , London and New York: Routledge; Phizacklea, A., (1990) Unpacking the Fashion Industry, , London: Routledge; Sasssen, S., (1998) Globalization and its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobilities of people and Money, , NY: The New Press; Sassen, S., (1996) Guests and Aliens, , New York: The New Press; Strauss, B.R., (2001) Vengeance, Blowback and President Bush, , http://www.financialexpress.com/fe20010922/ed3.html, blowback.wpd; Waters, M., (1995) Globalization, 2nd, , London and New York: Routledge; Weedon, C., (1999) Feminism, Theory, and the Politics of Difference, , Oxford: Blackwell},
publisher={Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},
issn={01417789},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Fem. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{SaddemA.200128,
author={Saddem A.},
title={How Tunisia is meeting the challenges of globalization},
journal={Finance and Development},
year={2001},
volume={38},
number={4},
pages={28-30},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035690378&partnerID=40&md5=7683c6fd06c49336f1728fadd387668b},
affiliation={Economic Development, Tunisia},
abstract={Tunisia's approach to globalization was inspired by dramatic changes in the world economy at the end of the twentieth century: the end of the Cold War, which had governed international relations for nearly half a century; rapid technological progress, especially in information and communications; and the conclusion of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and creation of the World Trade Organization. The scope of these changes and the speed with which they occurred were unprecedented. Traditional alliances between nations were dissolved and new partnerships emerged, as the centers of power and influence shifted. Globalization accelerated and national policies became more interdependent. Countries around the world seeking to safeguard their interests in the new international configuration joined together to form regional groups. In the wake of these developments on the international stage, markets have expanded and international trade and capital flows have soared, offering countries new opportunities for growth. At the same time, competition between developing countries seeking to position themselves in the world economy, preserve or increase their market share, and attract capital flows has been very strong. The integration of countries into the new global economy has thus not always been smooth, and countries unable to adapt to the international developments of the past 10 years risk being excluded or marginalized.},
keywords={capital flow;  economic development;  global economy;  globalization;  international trade, Tunisia},
correspondence_address1={Saddem, A.; Economic DevelopmentTunisia},
issn={01451707},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Financ. Dev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vizjak200185,
author={Vizjak, A.},
title={Globalization as a contemporary economic phenomenon [Globalizacija kao suvremeni svjetski gospodarski fenomen]},
journal={Ekonomska Istrazivanja},
year={2001},
volume={14},
number={1},
pages={85-95},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034766571&partnerID=40&md5=cdc760328585196eab0a0252953a7308},
affiliation={Fakultet za turisticki hotelski, Croatia},
abstract={New development of the world market along with a need for redefining the old world economic order had been noted by the leading world economists, who were joined by political elites from the most developed western countries of the time, during the World War two period. Leading world politicians of that time drove initiative at several occasions to assemble world political elite and point out to them a need for agreeing on new ways of political and economic cooperation between countries and creation of the new world economic system in which all countries of the world would operate. Their activity resulted in numerous new forms of mutual co-operation. The most important such cooperation was the Bretton-Woods agreement aimed at establishing economic and financial interrelationship between the most developed and less developed countries. It is interesting to mention that even though global agreements have been falling, the same ideas have been successfully realized at a regional level. Economic linkages at regional level resulted in first greater global benefits. The European Union should be mentioned here as an example. Almost all other regional economic integrations in the world build on and continue to develop from this experience. Along with their many positive achievements, globalization processes brought about numerous negativities and outcomes that are dangerous for our planet.},
author_keywords={Advantages;  Development;  Disadvantages;  Globalization;  Globalization processes},
keywords={Bretton Woods institution;  economic development;  economic integration;  global economy;  globalization},
references={Buckley, P.J., New theories of international business: Some unresolved issues (1983) The Growth of International Business, , Edited by Casson, M, George Allen and Unwin, London; Burgenmeier, B., Mucchiellli, J.L., (1991) Multinationals and Europe 1992, , Routledge, London; Drucker, P., (1992) Nova Zbilja; Novi Lliber, , Zagreb; Dunning, H.J., (1988) Explaining International Production, Human, , London; Thompson, G., Hirst, P., The problem of "globalization" (1992) International Economics Relations, National Economics Management and the Formation of Trading Blocks, Economy and Society, 21 (4); Ohmae, K., (1992) The Bordless World, , Collins; London; Streeten, P., The multinatioan enterprise and the theory of development policy (1973) World Development, 1; (1999) Foreign Direct Investment and the Chalenge of Development, , World Investment Report UNCTAD, New York, Geneva; (2000), p. 56. , World Bank; (2000) The Economist},
correspondence_address1={Vizjak, A.; Fakultet za turisticki hotelskiCroatia},
issn={1331677X},
language={Croatian},
abbrev_source_title={Ekon. Istraz.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wenli200145,
author={Wenli, Z.},
title={International political economy from a Chinese angle},
journal={Journal of Contemporary China},
year={2001},
volume={10},
number={26},
pages={45-54},
doi={10.1080/10670560125241},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035100527&doi=10.1080%2f10670560125241&partnerID=40&md5=1bdb7e35dbc7b0a406c44b601c927fab},
affiliation={School of International Studies, Peking University, China},
abstract={In the 1990s, international political economy (IPE) as a set of concepts to interpret the current and future world system caught on quickly among Chinese scholars and policy analysis. Recent events (the Asian financial crisis and the US role, WTO negotiations, US-Japan trade disputes) combined with China's historical experience (imperialism, war, revolution) and aspirations (to be a regional power) have given IPE specialists a different perspective on and language for the issues and events of today's global political economy. Zhu Wenli highlights the divergence between US and PRC views and interpretations on concepts of hegemony (the role of the US in a unipolar system), globalization, development models, and economic security, arguing that understanding this theoretical gap helps us to understand the current policy gap. She concludes with a reference to the limited role that international relations concepts and ideas play in the formation of foreign policy.},
keywords={global economy;  global perspective;  hegemony;  international relations;  political economy, China},
references={Yuyan, Z., The US: A special perspective to perceive the world (1996) Shijie Zhishi, 9, p. 25; Shixiong, N., Zhongqi, P., New developments in western international relations theory after the end of the Cold War (1998) Guoji Zhengzhi Yanjiu, 4, p. 30; Throw, L., (1992) Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America, pp. 95-98. , William Morrow Company; Linsheng, C., (1998) China in the Transition of World Structure, p. 8. , Shanghai: Xuelin Publiser},
correspondence_address1={Wenli, Z.; School of International Studies, China},
issn={10670564},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Contemp. China},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mullaly2001303,
author={Mullaly, B.},
title={Confronting the politics of despair: Toward the reconstruction of progressive social work in a global economy and postmodern age},
journal={Social Work Education},
year={2001},
volume={20},
number={3},
pages={303-320},
doi={10.1080/02615470120057406},
note={cited By 35},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937344842&doi=10.1080%2f02615470120057406&partnerID=40&md5=86eb835f6f6b2d5ac43c8f0c9839d3a9},
abstract={The emancipatory project of progressive social work as it was developed in the 1970s and early 1980s in Anglo-democracies has been brought into question on two fronts. First, the changing nature of capitalism from a post-war centralised form to a global decentralised form has rendered irrelevant much of the earlier analysis of capitalism which had been used by progressive social workers to develop emancipatory theories and practices at both the personal and political levels. Second, postmodern and poststructural thought have discredited many of the concepts (meta-narratives), ideals (universalisms) and discourses that underpinned the modernist development of progressive social work. This paper represents an attempt to contribute to the reformulation or reconstruction of a progressive form of social work that addresses both these challenges. The following elements of a reconstructed form of progressive social work are presented and discussed: bridging what is positive and liberating in the tradition of progressive social work with a postmodernist deconstruction of its problematic elements to the point where reconstruction is possible; identification of human needs that are universal and transcultural; new social movement theory; a revitalised public sector; anti-oppression as the framework for progressive social work; challenging and resisting the dominant order; and the constructive use of anger. © 2001, Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
references={Agger, B., Critical theory, poststructuralism, postmodernism: their sociological relevance (1991) Annual Reviere of Sociology, 17, pp. 105-131; Ashcroft, B., On the hyphen in post-colonial (1996) New Literatures Review, 32, pp. 23-32; Bailey, R., Brake, M., (1975) Radical Social Work, , New York: Pantheon Books, and, eds; Baines, D., Feminist social work in the inner city: the challenges of race, class, and gender (1997) Affilia, 12 (3), pp. 297-317; Bishop, A., (1994) Becoming an Ally: Breaking aie Cycle of Oppression, , Halifax: Fernwood; Bolger, S., Corrigan, P., Docking, J., Frost, N., (1981) Towards Socialist Welfare Work, , London: MacMillan; Brake, M., Bailey, R., (1980) Radical Social Work and Practice, , New York: Pantheon Books, and, eds; Carniol, B., A critical approach in social work (1979) Canadian Journal of Social Work Education, 5 (1), pp. 95-111; Carniol, B., (1995) Case Critical: Challenging Social Services in Canada, , third edition, Toronto: Between the Lines; Castells, M., (1983) The City and the Grassroots, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Chambon, A.S., Irving, A., Efstein, L., (1999) Reading Foucault for Social Work, , New York: Columbia University Press, and, eds; Corrigan, P., Leonard, P., (1978) Social Work Practice Under Capitalism: A Marxist Approach, , London: MacMillan; Dominelli, L., Deprofessionalizing social work: anti-oppressive practice, competencies and postmodernism (1996) British Journal of Social Work, 26, pp. 153-175; Dominelli, L., Anti-oppressive practice in context (1998) Social Work: Themes, Issues and Critical Debates, , ADAMS R., DOMINELLI L., PAYNE M., (eds), London: MacMillan,. 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issn={02615479},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Soc. Work Educ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Apodaga2001587,
author={Apodaga, C.},
title={Global economic patterns and personal integrity rights after the cold war},
journal={International Studies Quarterly},
year={2001},
volume={45},
number={4},
pages={587-602},
doi={10.1111/0020-8833.00215},
note={cited By 86},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035653025&doi=10.1111%2f0020-8833.00215&partnerID=40&md5=9a62a6c2e55c964e62fb68f310cf089e},
affiliation={University of Miami, United States},
abstract={With the end of the Cold War economic issues moved to the fore of the international agenda. The integration of markets, dominated by multi-national corporations and orchestrated by international financial institutions, has many concerned for the political and economic rights of the common citizen. This is a comprehensive cross-national study examining the effect of globalization on the attainment of the subgroup of human rights known as personal integrity rights. The impact of global economic patterns on the attainment of these rights is mixed.},
keywords={economic integration;  global economy;  globalization;  human rights;  multinational enterprise;  post-Cold War},
references={Apodaga, C., Measuring women's economic and social rights achievement (1998) Human Rights Quarterly, 20 (1), pp. 139-172; Beck, N., Katz, J., What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross-section data (1995) American Political Science Review, 89 (1), pp. 634-647; Bergsman, J., Shen, X., Foreign direct investment in developing countries (1996) Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 21 (3), pp. 343-349; Borenztein, E., De Gregorio, J., Lee, J.W., How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth (1998) Journal of International Economics, 45 (1), pp. 115-136; Boron, A., Faulty democracies? A reflection on the capitalist 'fault lines' in Latin America (1998) Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America, , edited by F. Aguero and J. Stark. 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correspondence_address1={Apodaga, C.; University of MiamiUnited States},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Inc.},
issn={00208833},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud. Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chapman2000371,
author={Chapman, K.},
title={Industry evolution and international dispersal: The fertiliser industry},
journal={Geoforum},
year={2000},
volume={31},
number={3},
pages={371-384},
doi={10.1016/S0016-7185(00)00009-9},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034040435&doi=10.1016%2fS0016-7185%2800%2900009-9&partnerID=40&md5=1f3e90c2a0e35fe9f327139b677453e8},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom},
abstract={The synthetic fertiliser industry originated in Germany in the early 20th century and was established in more than 100 countries by the 1990s. The spatial evolution of the industry at the world scale, as reflected in trends in production, trade and investment, is described with reference to an explanatory framework incorporating a combination of predictable and contingent influences. The geographical dispersal of the industry is directly linked to the diffusion of the technology of production, which is one of the systematic trends predicted by life cycle models. Enhanced access to this technology presented opportunities for more and more countries to establish their own fertiliser industries. Contrary to the assumptions of the life cycle model, these opportunities were often taken by public rather than private sector enterprises. In this respect, the fertiliser industry is typical of other sectors which are perceived by governments as 'strategic' and which have, therefore, been strongly influenced in their development by the agency of states. This influence accelerated the dispersal of the industry at the international scale as successive countries pursued autarky in fertilisers. Similar considerations of national interest have shaped the evolution of many other industries and, despite the increasing attention paid to the role of multinationals in globalisation, the state will remain an enduring influence upon the geography of industrial change within a global economy. Such change will not follow the predictable course implied by the life cycle metaphor. The fertiliser industry illustrates the way in which the contingencies of historical events such as wars and other institutional crises may re-orientate the course or path of industry evolution. It is important to accommodate such contingent influences in explanations of the changing distribution of industries. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Fertiliser industry;  Globalisation;  Industry evolution;  Industry life cycle;  Internationalization;  Strategic industries},
keywords={agroindustry;  fertilizer;  globalization;  manufacturing},
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correspondence_address1={Chapman, K.; Department of Geography, , Aberdeen, United Kingdom},
issn={00167185},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geoforum},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Patomäki2000115,
author={Patomäki, H.},
title={Beyond Nordic Nostalgia: Envisaging a Social/Democratic System of Global Governance},
journal={Cooperation and Conflict},
year={2000},
volume={35},
number={2},
pages={115-154},
doi={10.1177/00108360021962039},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996201506&doi=10.1177%2f00108360021962039&partnerID=40&md5=52a82a8d104fae2c4d3e61c45e64e573},
affiliation={Department of International Studies, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom},
abstract={Ole Wæver's 1992 article, ‘Nordic Nostalgia: Northern Europe after the Cold War’, seemed to articulate the widespread feeling of the end of Norden. However, this argument is flawed and mistaken. Logically and conceptually it is confusing and tendential, and the evidence to back the empirical claims is casual. An explanation in terms of political economy starts from the observation that it was not the end of the Cold War but rather the end of the Bretton Woods system that gave rise to the redefinition of the Third Way already in the early 1980s. The problems of the Nordic model stemmed from insurrections against local relations of domination at the workplace; transformations of the occupational structures and class relations; the crisis of the Bretton Woods system of regulating the global economy; and the liberalization of the exit options of capital, among other processes. Starting with the critical realist idea that emancipation is ‘characteristically the transition from an unwanted, unnecessary and oppressive situation to a wanted and/or needed and empowering or more flourishing situation’, I argue that emancipatory, globally oriented political action is a condition for the Nordic ideals to be realized and developed further under new conditions. © 2000, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.},
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Retzlaff Stockholm: Symposion; Michie, J., Smith, J., Global Instability (1999) The Political Economy of World Economic Governance, , London: Routledge; Minkkinen, P., Patomäki, H., Yhdentymisen ja rahaunionin politiikkaa. Suomi ja Emu globaalissa poliittisessa taloudessa. Politics of Integration and Monetary Union (1997) Finland and EMU in the Global Political Economy, , Helsinki: Like; Moses, J., Trojan Horses: Putnam, ECU Linkage and the EU Ambitions of Nordic Elites (1997) Review of International Political Economy, 4 (2), pp. 382-415; Neumann, I., A Region-Building Approach to Northern Europe (1994) Review of International Studies, 20 (1), pp. 53-74; Patomäki, H., (1996) Vain kauppakumppaneita? EU, Venäjä ja EU:n ulkosuhteiden rakenteistuminen [Only Trading Partners? EU, Russia and the Structuration of the External relations of the EU], , Helsinki: Haasteita 11, UPI; Patomäki, H., Good Governance of the World Economy? (1999) Alternatives, 24 (1), pp. 119-142. , a; Patomäki, H., The Tobin Tax: How to Make It Real (1999) Helsinki: UPI Working Papers, 13 (99). , b; Patomäki, H., The Tobin Tax: A New Phase in the Politics of Globalisation (2000) Theory, Culture and Society, 17 (3). , a; Patomäki, H., Republican Public Sphere and the Governance of Global Political Economy (2000) Value Pluralism, Normative Theory and IR, , b M. Lensu and J.-S. Fritz (eds) London: Macmillan; Patomäki, H., Democratising Globalisation Leverage of the Tobin Tax, , forthcoming [a] London: Zed Books; Patomäki, H., Can the UN (and the World) Survive the Hegemony of the US? a paper submitted to a journal, , (forthcoming [b]); Patomäki, H., Wight, C., After Postpositivism? 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Patomäki (ed.) Tampere: Tapri Research Report No. 71; Teivainen, T., The Independence of the European Central Bank: Implications for Democratic Governance (1997) The Politics of Economic and Monetary Union, pp. 55-75. , P. Minkkinen and H. Patomäki (eds) Dordrecht: Kluwer; Therborn, G., Europe in the 21st Century: the World's Scandinavia? (1997) Irish Studies in International Affairs, 8, pp. 21-34; Tobin, J., A Proposal for International Monetary Reform (1978) Eastern Economic Journal, 4, pp. 153-159; Tobin, J., Prologue (1996) The Tobin Tax. Coping with Financial Volatility, pp. ix-xviii. , ul Haq et al. (eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press; Tomlinson, J., (1999) Globalization and Culture, , Oxford: Polity Press; ul Haq, M., Kaul, I., Grunberg, I., The Tobin Tax (1996) Coping with Financial Volatility, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; (1999) Human Development Report 1999, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Unger, R., Democracy Realized (1998) The Progressive Alternative, , London: Verso; Wæver, O., Nordic Nostalgia: Northern Europe after the Cold War (1992) International Affairs, 68 (1), pp. 77-102; Wæver, O., Balts, Books and Brussels. Nordic Identity and Cooperation after the Cold War (1994) Copenhagen: COPRI Working Papers, 11; Wæver, O., (1993) Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe, , London: Pinter; Weiss, L., (1998) The Myth of the Powerless State, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Widfeldt, A., Swedish Election Report. The Swedish Parliamentary Election of 1998 (1998) ECPR News, 10 (1), pp. 18-19; Wiklund, L., Norden I FN (1996) Internasjonal Politikk, 54 (1), pp. 75-83; World Development Report 1997 (1997) The State in a Changing World, , Oxford: Oxford University Press},
correspondence_address1={Patomäki, H.; Department of International Studies, , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom},
issn={00108367},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Coop. Confl.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Callens2000290,
author={Callens, J.},
title={Diverting the integrated spectacle of war: Sam Shepard’s states of shock},
journal={Text and Performance Quarterly},
year={2000},
volume={20},
number={3},
pages={290-306},
doi={10.1080/10462930009366302},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61449103672&doi=10.1080%2f10462930009366302&partnerID=40&md5=3cb1c8fb4a923432ba258a1fd33d5b2c},
affiliation={Free University of Brussels, Belgium},
abstract={This essay interprets Sam Shepard’s States of Shock as an equivocal critique of postmodernity’s integrated spectacle, fusing nation state and global economy, ideology and commodification. Though he deploys situationist strategies of subversion-temporal and spatial, deictic and metadeictic—Shepard’s (re)creation of the hyperreal, mediatized Gulf War threatens to divert the play, and his critique, into their opposites. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
author_keywords={Baudrillard;  Debord;  Shepard;  Situationism;  Spectacle},
references={Auslander, P., Liveness: Performance in a mediatized culture (1999), London: Routledge; Baker-White, R., Rock/poetry: Popular theatricality in the tooth of crime (1990) Journal of American Drama and Theatre’, 1 (2X), pp. 66-87; Baudrillard, J., (1994) Simulacra and Simulation, , Trans. Sheila Faria GlaserAnn Arbor: Michigan UP, 1981; Baudrillard, J., (1983) Les Strategies Fatales [Fatal Strategies], , Paris: Editions Grasset & Fasquelle; Baudrillard, J., (1988) Baudrillard: Selected Writings, , Introd. Mark Poster. Stanford: Stanford UP; Baudrillard, J., (1991) La Guerre Du Golfen’apas Eu Lieu [The Gulf War Did Not Take Place], , Paris; Galilee; Bracken, L., The spectacle of secrecy (1995) Critical Theory; Callens, J., Operation sidewinder: The needs and risks of revision(ism) (1993) Amerikastudien J American Studies, 38 (4), pp. 549-565; Callens, J., Published and unpublished wars: Contextualising sam shepards states of shock (1997) Living with America, 1946-1996, pp. 223-234. , Cristina Giorcelli and Rob Kroes. Amsterdam: VU UP; Chaudhuri, U.N., (1995) Staging Place: The Geography of Modern Drama, , Ann Arbor: Michigan UP; Connor, S., (1989) Postmodernist Culture. an Introduction to Theories of the Contemporary, , Oxford: Basil Blackwell; Debord, G., The society of the spectacle (1994) Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith, , New York: Zone Books, 1967; Debord, G., Introduction to a critique of urban geography (1981) Situationist International Anthology, , Ken Knabb. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets; Debord, G., Comments on the society of the spectacle (1998) Trans. Malcolm Imrie, , London: Verso, 1988; Derrida, J., No apocalypse, not now: Full speed ahead, seven missiles, seven missives (1984) Diacritics, 14 (2), pp. 20-31; Groden, M., Kreiswirth, M., (1994) The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism, , Baltimore: John Hopkins UP; Jameson, F., (1991) Postmodernism Or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, , Durham: Duke UP; Lyotard, J.-F., The tooth, the palm (1976) Transl. Anne Knap and Michel Benamou. Sub-Stance, 15, pp. 105-110; Lyotard, J.-F., The wall, the gulf, the system (1990) (1993) Postmodern Fables. Trans, of Moralites Postmodemesby Georges Van Den Abbeele. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, , 1997; Marranca, B., (1981) American Dreams: The Imagination of Sam Shepard, , New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications; Matthews, J.H., (1986) Languages of Surrealism, , Columbia, MO: Missouri UP; Nordmann, A., Wickert, H., Shamanism vilified and redeemed: Sam shepards states of shock (1998) Between the Margin and the Center: Essays on Sam Shepard, pp. 38-54. , Johan Callens. Contemporary Theatre Review 8.4. Reading: Harwood Academic Publishers; Pavis, P., (1996) Dictionnaire Du Theatre [Dictionary of the Theatre]. Introd. Anne Ubersfeld, , Paris: Dunod; Plant, S., (1992) The Most Radical Gesture: The Situationist International in a Postmodern Age, , London: Routledge; Rosen, C., Silent tongues: Sam shepards explorations of emotional territory (1992) Interview with Sam Shepard. Village Voice, 4, pp. 32-41. , August; Schmuderer, C., Dialysis of (American) violence: Aesthetic representation of the gulf war in sam shepards states of shock (1997) Modem War on Stage and Screert/Der Modeme Krieg Aufderbtihne, pp. 467-492. , Wolfgang Gortschacher and Michael Holger Klein. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press; Shepard, S.A., (1974) Operation Sidewinder. Four Two-Act Plays, , New York: Urizen Books; Shepard, S., (1976) Angel City, Curse of the Starving Class & Other Plays. Introd, , Jack Gelber. New York: Urizen Books; Shepard, S.A., (1981) True West. Seven Plays. Introd. Richard Gilman, , New York: Bantam; Shepard, S., (1993) States of Shock, Far North, Silent Tongue, , Vintage Books. New York: Random House; Shewey, D., (1985) Sam Shepard. New York: Da Capo Press, p. 1997; Virilio, P., War and cinema: The logistics of perception (1984) Trans. Patrick Camiller, , London: Verso, 1989; Virilio, P., (1991) L’ecran Du Desert: Chroniques Deguerre [Thedesert Screen: War Chronicle, , Paris: Galilee; Virilio, P., Open sky. Transl (1993) Julie Rose, , London: Verso, 1995; Willadt, S., States of war in sam shepards states of shock (1993) Modern Drama, 36, pp. 147-166; Willett, J., (1964) Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic, , New York: Hill and Wang; Wilson, A., (1988) Fences and Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom. Introd. Lloyd Richards, , Harmondsworth: Penguin; Wyatt, D., Shepards split (1992) South Atlantic Quarterly, pp. 333-360. , Spring},
correspondence_address1={Callens, J.; Free University of BrusselsBelgium},
issn={10462937},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Text Perform. Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jones2000243,
author={Jones, R.W.},
title={Private interests and government policy in a global world},
journal={European Journal of Political Economy},
year={2000},
volume={16},
number={2},
pages={243-256},
doi={10.1016/S0176-2680(00)00006-9},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041781739&doi=10.1016%2fS0176-2680%2800%2900006-9&partnerID=40&md5=2b25ba5b3107bf85f4ffe7699d72aed2},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Univ. of Rochester, 238 Harkness, Rochester, NY 14627, United States},
abstract={The global economy is characterized not only by a high volume of international trade and foreign investment relative to national income, but also by a changed composition of that trade towards greater trade in inputs and capital goods and outsourcing of production. The paper considers the consequences of these changes for government policy from the perspective of both the national interest and special interest groups. Emphasized is the possibility of a "civil war" scenario, whereby government seeks to control and regulate the private sectors of the economy and private interests attempt to "flee the jurisdiction", which leads regional agreements among governments in order to maintain control over the private sector. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.},
author_keywords={F1;  F2;  Globalization;  Government and the private sector;  H1;  International Trade;  Special interest},
references={(1991) The Budget-Maximizing Bureaucrat, , A. Blais, & S. Dion. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; Brander, J., Spencer, B., Export subsidies and market share rivalry (1985) Journal of International Economics, 18, pp. 83-100; Corden, W.M., The structure of a tariff system and the effective protection rate (1966) Journal of Political Economy, 74, pp. 221-237; Dixit, A., Grossman, G., Targeted export promotion and several oligopolistic industries (1986) Journal of International Economics, 21, pp. 233-250; Eaton, J., Grossman, G., Optimal trade and industrial policy under oligopoly (1986) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101, pp. 383-406; Feeney, J., Hillman, A.L., Privatization and the political economy of strategic trade policy (2001) International Economic Review, , in preparation; Hillman, A.L., (1989) The Political Economy of Protection, , Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers; Jones, R.W., Comparative and absolute advantage (1980) The Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 3, pp. 235-260; Jones, R.W., Protection and the harmful effects of endogenous capital flows (1984) Economics Letters, 15, pp. 325-330; Jones, R.W., Relative prices and real factor rewards: A re-interpretation (1985) Economics Letters, 26, pp. 47-49; Jones, R.W., (2000) Globalization and the Theory of Input Trade, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Jones, R.W., Kierzkowski, H., The role of services in production and international trade: A theoretical framework (1990) The Political Economy of International Trade, , R.W. Jones, & A. Krueger. Oxford: Blackwell; Jones, R.W., Takemori, S., Foreign monopoly and optimal tariffs for the small open economy (1989) European Economic Review, 33, pp. 1691-1707; Neary, J.P., Ruane, F., International capital mobility, shadow prices, and the cost of protection (1988) International Economic Review, 29, pp. 571-585; Niskanen, W.A., (1971) Bureaucracy and Representative Government, , Atherton, Chicago: Aldine; O'Rourke, K.H., Williamson, J.G., (1999) Globalization and History, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Rodrik, D., The political economy of trade policy (1995) Handbook of International Economics, pp. 1457-1494. , G. Grossman, & K. Rogoff. Amsterdam: North-Holland; Spencer, B., Jones, R.W., Vertical foreclosure and international trade policy (1991) Review of Economic Studies, 58, pp. 153-170; Tyson, L., (1992) Who's Bashing Whom?: Trade Conflict in High-Technology Industries, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics},
correspondence_address1={Jones, R.W.; Department of Economics, , Rochester, NY 14627, United States; email: jonr@troi.cc.rochester.edu},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={01762680},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eur. J. Polit. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Higgott2000359,
author={Higgott, R. and Phillips, N.},
title={Challenging triumphalism and convergence: The limits of global liberalization in Asia and Latin America},
journal={Review of International Studies},
year={2000},
volume={26},
number={3},
pages={359-379},
doi={10.1017/S0260210500003594},
note={cited By 46},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0040194028&doi=10.1017%2fS0260210500003594&partnerID=40&md5=e43fec61e5da8fbf70b0fba3ebe68f2e},
abstract={The economic crises in 1997-9 in Asia, Brazil and elsewhere represent collectively the first post-Cold War 'crisis of globalization', and a significant set-back for the process of international economic liberalization. Contrary to some arguments, the crises do not represent the final ideological triumph of liberalism in a post-Cold War era. Rather they must be seen as a further spur to rethinking significant aspects of the neoliberal project. A comparative analysis of Asia and Latin America in this context demonstrates that while trade liberalization and a broad neoliberal economic strategy are unlikely to be abandoned, there is strong evidence that the tide of capital account liberalization has turned, and that emerging 'sites of resistance' are becoming salient factors in the political equation in the relationships of both regions to the wider global economy. Asian and Latin American responses to the crisis of globalization refute notions of convergence, on which many recent conceptions of the global political economy have rested, and point to the emergence of a genuine contestation of policy ideas that will have significant implications for the future management of the global economic order.},
references={Fukuyama, F., (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, , New York: Free Press; A second American century (1998) Foreign Affairs, 77 (3), pp. 18-31; Bello, W., East Asia on the Eve of the great transformation (1998) Review of International Political Economy, 5 (3), pp. 33-36; Blustein, P., Financial crisis may stall capitalism's global march (1998) International Herald Tribune, , 7 September; note; Burtless, G., Lawrence, R.Z., Litan, R.E., Shapiro, R.J., (1998) Globaphobia: Confronting Fears About Open Trade, , Washington: Brookings; We use the terms interchangeably, although the latter is decidedly euphemistic in many cases; note; Berger, S., Dore, R., (1996) National Diversity and Global Capitalism, , Ithaca: Cornell; Boyer, R., Drache, D., (1996) States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalization, , London and New York: Routledge; Doremus, P., Keller, W., Pauly, L., Reich, S., (1998) The Myth of the Global Corporation, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Albert, M., (1993) Capitalism Against Capitalism, , London: Whurr; Garten, J., (1993) Cold Peace: America, Japan, Germany and the Struggle for Supremacy, , New York: Random House; Thurow, L., (1992) Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle among Japan, Europe and America, , London: Nicholas Brealey; Wolfensohn, J., Stiglitz, J., Growth is not enough (1999) The Financial Times, , 22 September; Stiglitz, J., Towards a new paradigm for development: Strategies, policies and processes (1998) The 1998 Prebisch Lecture, , http://www.worldbank.org/html/etme/jssp101998.htm, Geneva: UNCTAD, 19 October; Higgott, R., The asian economic crisis: A study in the politics of resentment (1998) New Political Economy, 3 (3); (1998) Asia: Rising or Falling, A Foreign Affairs Reader, , New York: Council on Foreign Relations; Beeson, M., Jayasuriya, K., Robison, R., (1999) The Asian Economic Crisis: From Miracle to Meltdown, , London: Routledge; Henderson, J., Uneven crises: Institutional foundations of East Asian economic turmoil (1999) Economy and Society, 28 (3); Arndt, H.W., Hill, H., (1999) Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis: Origins, Lessons and the Way Forward, , Singapore,: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; Delhaise, P., (1998) Asia in Crisis: The Implosion of the Banking and Finance Systems, , http://aff.law.ntu.edu.tw/politics/asiancrisis.html, New York: John Wiley; See fn. 10 above; Packenham, R., (1973) Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; O'Donnell, G., (1973) Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Cardoso, F.H., Faletto, E., (1979) Dependency and Development in Latin America, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Baer, W., Import substitution and industrialization in Latin America (1972) Latin American Research Review, 7 (1); Williamson, J., (1999) Implications of the East Asian Crisis for Debt Management, , mimeo January; Two kinds of openness (1998) The Economist, p. 106. , 12 September; 'after Brazil (1999) The Economist, , 6 February; Real crisis forces Brazil to make tough decisions (1999) Financial Times, , 17 January; Fidler, S., Wheatley, J., Warn, K., Continent in crisis (1998) Financial Times, , 12/13 September; Wade, R., Gestalt shift: From "miracle" to "cronyism" in the Asia crisis' (1999) Cambridge Journal of Economics, Bulletin of the Institute of Development Studies, 30 (1), pp. 134-150; Plender, J., Revisiting a deadly disease (1998) Financial Times, , 21 September; Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1997 Report, , Santiago de Chile; (1998) Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 1997-1998, , Santiago de Chile, September; (1998) Financial Times, p. 21. , 16 February; (1997) Private Capital Flows to Developing Countries: The Road to Financial Integration, , New York: Oxford University Press; Little fear by direct investors (1999) International Herald Tribune, , 15 March; Krugman, P., (1999) The Return of Depression Economics, , London: Allen Lane; Higgott, R., Economics, politics and (international) political economy: The need for a balanced diet in an era of globalization (1999) New Political Economy, 4 (1), pp. 23-36; Higgott, R., Economic globalization and global governance: The anti politics of the post Washington consensus (1999) The United Nations University Project on the UN System in the Twenty-first Century, , Paris: October 14-15 mimeo; Bello, W., What Is Does the IMF Want in Asia, , http://aff.law.ntu.edu.tw/politics/asiancrisis.html; Greenspan, A., (1998) Annual Convention of the Independent Bankers Association of America, , http://bog.frb.fed.us/board/docs/speeches/19980303.htm, 3 March; Higgott, The Asian Economic Crisis; (1993) The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy, , New York: Oxford University Press; Haas, P., Knowledge, power and international policy coordination (1992) International Organisation, 46 (1 SPEC. ISSUE); Robison, R., (1986) Indonesia: The Rise of Capital, , Sydney: Allen and Unwin; Higgott, R., Asia pacific economic cooperation: Theoretical opportunities and practical constraints (1993) The Pacific Review, 6 (2), pp. 103-117; Higgott, R., Ideas, policy networks and international policy coordination in the Asia pacific (1994) The Pacific Review, 7 (4 SPEC. ISSUE); Valdés, J.G., (1995) Pinochet's Economists: The Chicago School in Chile, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Centeno, M.A., (1994) Democracy Within Reason: The Technocratic Revolution in Mexico, , University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press; Capper, R., Seeking to avoid yet another wild ride in Latin America (1999) Financial Times, , 5 March; Menem prometió a lös inversores que la Argentina no devaluaŕa (1999) Clarín (Argentina), , 14 January; Chile acoge iniciativa del grupo de los siete (1998) El Mercurio (Chile), , 5 October; No more peso (1999) The Economist, , 23 January; Prevén pronto acuerdo de ayuda del FMI a Brasil (1998) El Mercurio (Chile), , 6 October; Stiglitz, J., Macroeconomic dimensions of the East Asian crisis (1998) Financial Crises in Asia, , Centre for Economic Policy Research, Conference Report no. 6; Lim, L.Y.C., Crisis and conspiracy (1998) The Far Eastern Economic Review, , 19 March; Krugman, P., Saving Asia: It's time to get radical (1998) Fortune, , 7 September; The Return of Depression Economics; Malaysia eases fund flows (1999) International Herald Tribune, , 5 February; Malaysia's defiant surrender (1999) The Economist, , 6 February; Williamson, The Implications of the East Asian Crisis; (1998) The Impact of the Asian Crisis on Latin America, p. 26. , Santiago de Chile, May; Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1997-8, p. 21. , Santiago de Chile, summary; The Impact of the Asian Crisis, p. 39; (1999) Financial Times, , 27 January; Soros, G., The case for global finance (1998) The Economist, , 12 September; (1999) International Herald Tribune, , 16 February; Wyplosz, C., Global financial markets and financial crises, coping with financial crises (1998) Developing and Transition Countries: Regulatory and Supervisory Challenges in a New Era, p. 4. , Amsterdam: Forum on Debt and Development, 16-17 March; Eichengreen, B., (1999) Towards a New Financial Architecture, , Washington: Institute for International Economics; Cordella, T., Can short-term capital controls promote capital inflows? SSRN Electronic Paper Collection, , http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf.abstractid=139633; Biura, A., An alternative approach to financial crises (1999) Essays in International Finance, 212. , Department of Economics, Princeton University, February; Stiglitz, Macroeconomic Dimensions of the East Asian Crisis; Stiglitz, Towards a New Paradigm for Development; Phillips, N., Higgott, R., The collective provision of public goods under globalisation: Limits to state action in Asia and Latin America (2001) Shaping Common Futures: Case Studies of Collective Goods, Collective Actions in East and Southeast Asia, , Sally Sargeson (ed.) London: Routledge, forthcoming; Naszewski, D., Políticas activas versus piloto automático (1998) El Cronista (Argentina), , 18 August; (1998), Cambridge: Polity Press; Malaysia eases fund flows (1999) International Herald Tribune, , 5 February; Malaysia's defiant surrender (1999) The Economist, , 6 February; Price may be high for spurning tough economic reforms (1999) Financial Times, , 24 June; Thailand ends IMF-inspired plans and boosts spending (1999) Financial Times, , 27 March; Spending boost lifts Malaysian economy (1999) Financial Times, , 24 June; Asia's economies: On their feet again? (1999) The Economist, , 21 August; Yeon Ho, L., Market democratization, liberalization and state-chaebol relations in South Korea before and after the crisis (1999) The Pacific Review, 12 (3); Nesadurai, H., Accommodating global markets: Malaysia's response to economic crisis (1999) The Pacific Review, 12 (3); Bardecke, T., Thailand ends IMF-inspired plans and boosts spending (1999) Financial Times, , 31 March; Lee, Market Democratization, Liberalization and State-chaebol Relations; The economist (1999) Survey of Brazil: The Disorders of Progress, , 27 March; Robert, C., Ideologies and the new international economic order: Reflections on some recent literature (1969) International Organiz Ation, 38 (2); Belohlavek, P., La globalización es una realidad lejana para Venezuela (1998) El Nacional (Venezuela), , 8 October; De Jesús García, J., No aptos para la globalización: Países emergentes (1998) Excelsior (Mexico), , 7 October; Trejo, A.R., ¿Es el momento de regresar al populismo? (1998) Excelsior (Mexico), , 8 October; Robison, R., Goodman, D., (1996) The New Rich in Asia: Mobile Phones, Macdonalds and Middle Class Revolution, pp. 2-3. , London: Routledge; Beeson, M., Reshaping regional institutions: APEC and the IMF in East Asia (1999) The Pacific Review, 12 (1); Bello, East Asia, p. 442; Phillips, N., Governance after financial crisis: South American perspectives on the reformation of regionalism (2000) New Political Economy, 5 (3); Higgott, R., Globalisation, regionalisation and identity in East Asia: Lessons from the economic crisis of 1997/8' (1999) Globalisation and the Asia Pacific: Contested Territories, pp. 91-106. , Peter Dicken, Lilly Khong, Kris Olds, Phillip Kelly and Henry Yeung (eds.), London: Routledge; Polanyi, K., (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, , Boston, MA: Beacon Press; Ruggie, J., International regimes, transactions and change: Embedded liberalism in the post war economic order (1982) International Organization, 36 (2); (1998), Address to the Board of Governors of the Bank October; The westfailure system (1999) Review of International Studies, 25 (3); Gould-Davies, N., Woods, N., Russia and the IMF (1999) International Affairs, 75 (1); Rutland, P., 'mission impossible? The IMF and the failure of the market transition in Russia (1999) Review of International Studies, 25 (SPEC. ISSUE); Cox, R.W., Civil society at the turn of the millennium: Prospects for an alternative world order (1999) Review of International Studies, 25 (1); Rodrik, D., (1997) Has Globalization Gone Too Far?, , Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics; Ruggie, J.G., At home abroad, abroad at home: International liberalization and domestic stability in the new world economy (1995) Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 24 (3); Devetak, R., Higgott, R., Justice unbound: Globalization, states and the transformation of the social bond (1999) International Affairs, 75 (4); Ohmae, K., (1995) The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies, , New York: Free Press; Strange, S., (1996) The Retreat of the State, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (1997) World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World, , New York: Oxford University Press; Weiss, L., (1998) The Myth of the Powerless State: Governing the Economy in a Global Era, , Ithaca, NY: Cornell},
publisher={Cambridge University Press},
issn={02602105},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Int. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gullason2000363,
author={Gullason, E.T.},
title={The dynamics of the U.S. Occupational structure during the 1990s},
journal={Journal of Labor Research},
year={2000},
volume={21},
number={2},
pages={363-375},
doi={10.1007/s12122-000-1053-9},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039770167&doi=10.1007%2fs12122-000-1053-9&partnerID=40&md5=6b1b9477f7713be9165d0e0732bd42d7},
affiliation={Dowling College, Oakdale, NY 11769, United States},
abstract={During the 1990s, the U.S. economy experienced dramatic structural changes, such as the decline in the defense industry following the end of the Cold War, an extraordinary amount of corporate restructuring and downsizing, a dramatic increase in computer usage in the workplace, the adoption of NAFTA, and the emergence of the global economy. These changes would lead one to expect fairly significant upheaval in the U.S. occupational structure. In fact, my findings indicate relatively remarkable stability of the U.S. labor market and its occupational structure. Moreover, many of the changes which have occurred have been beneficial.},
references={Borjas, G.J., The internationalization of the U.S. Labor market and the wage structure (1995) Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 1, pp. 3-8. , January; Boskin, M., The CPI commission: Findings and recommendations (1997) American Economic Review, 87, pp. 78-83. , May; Bound, J., Johnson, G., Changes in the structure of wages in the 1980s: An evaluation of alternative explanations (1992) American Economic Review, 82, pp. 371-392. , June; What are the causes of rising wage inequality in the United States? (1995) Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 1, pp. 9-17. , January; Brauer, D.A., Hickok, S., Explaining the growing inequality in wages across skill levels (1995) Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 1, pp. 61-75. , January; Cohany, S.R., Polivka, A.E., Rothgeb, J.M., Revisions in the current population survey effective January 1994 (1994) Employment and Earnings, 41, pp. 13-37. , February; Gouge, R., King, I., Job creation and destruction over the business cycle (1996) Canadian Journal of Economics, 29, pp. S57-S61. , April; Grogger, J., Edie, E., Changes in college skills and the rise in the college wage premium (1995) Journal of Human Resources, 30, pp. 280-310. , Spring; Howell, D.R., Wolff, E.N., Technical change and the demand for skills by U.S. Industries (1992) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 16, pp. 127-146. , June; Kosters, M.H., New employment relationships and the labor market (1997) Journal of Labor Research, 18, pp. 551-559. , Fall; Part-time pay (1995) Journal of Labor Research, 16, pp. 263-274. , Summer; McConnell, S., The role of computers in reshaping the work force (1996) Monthly Labor Review, 119, pp. 3-5. , August; Moore, B.J., Sluggish job growth: Rising productivity, anemic recovery, or something else? (1995) Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 17, pp. 473-477. , Spring; Pfleeger, J., U.S. Consumers: Which jobs are they creating? (1996) Monthly Labor Review, 119, pp. 7-17. , June; Saunders, N.C., Employment effects of the rise and fall in defense spending (1993) Monthly Labor Review, 116, pp. 3-10. , April; Silvestri, G.T., Occupational employment: Wide variations in growth (1993) Monthly Labor Review, 116, pp. 58-86. , November; (1997) Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements, February, 1997, , U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release December 2; (1997) Employee Tenure in the Mid-1990s, , U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release January 30; Wieczorek, J., Sectoral trends in world employment and the shift towards services (1995) International Labour Review, 134, pp. 205-226; Wood, A., How trade hurt unskilled workers (1995) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9, pp. 57-80. , Summer},
correspondence_address1={Gullason, E.T.; Dowling College, Oakdale, NY 11769, United States},
publisher={George Mason University},
issn={01953613},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Labor Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{PérezSalgado2000337,
author={Pérez Salgado, I.},
title={Globalization and public administration [Globalización y Administración Pública]},
journal={Revista Venezolana de Gerencia},
year={2000},
volume={5},
number={12},
pages={337-347},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034582488&partnerID=40&md5=0b1d118534e5c2fbfca0bedf36a961ce},
affiliation={Facultad de Economía, Universidad de Concepción, Chile},
abstract={This article refers to the phenomenon of globalization and its various implications both in the field of private administration and in state administration as well. Globalization is interpreted not as a recent phenomenon, but as a continuing phase of economic development; which has been taking place since the end of the second world war, when the articulation between a dynamic exchange of goods and services, the intensification of the flow of capital and the accentuation on technology occured, which contributed to the acceleration of interdependence between markets in different countries. A series of consequences have been derived in public administration because of this, which range from a revision of the role of government in the assignment resources and the distribution of wealth, to the awakening as to the need to realize studies as to the role of "public" in public administration from an international perspective.},
author_keywords={Administration;  Globalization;  Government;  Public administration},
keywords={global economy;  globalization;  public administration},
references={(1999) Boletin, , Banco Central de Chile Octubre; Blair, T., (1996) New Britain, , London: Fourth Estate Limited; Farazmand, A., Globalization an public administration (1999) Public Administration Review, 59 (6). , November-December; Ferrer A. De, (1999) Cristóbal Colón a Internet: América Latina y la Globalización, , Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica; Friedman, T., (1999) Tradición vs. Innovación (The Lexus and the Olive Tree), , México, D.F; Gargan, J., Local government capacity: Challenges for the new century (1997) Handbook of Local Government Administration, pp. 517-532. , New York: Macel Dekker Inc; Motta, P.R., (1991) Innovación y Democratización de la Gestión Pública, , Caracas, Ediciones CEDAI-CCLAD; Pérez, S.I., Saavedra, J., (1999) Manual de Gerencia Municipal, , Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones Ltda; Tironi, E., (1999) La Irupción de las Masas y el Malestar de las Elites, , Santiago de Chile: Editorial Grijalbo S.A; Thompson, G., (1997) Introducción. Situar la Globalización; Valaskis, K., La Globalización como Teatro: Nuevo Escenario, Nuevos Actores,, , Canadá: Universidad de Montreal, Fotocopia. Carlson Conferences},
correspondence_address1={Pérez Salgado, I.; Facultad de Economía, Chile},
publisher={Universidad del Zulia},
issn={13159984},
language={Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Venez. Gerencia},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Varma2000395,
author={Varma, R.},
title={Changing research cultures in U.S. industry},
journal={Science Technology and Human Values},
year={2000},
volume={25},
number={4},
pages={395-416},
doi={10.1177/016224390002500401},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034257293&doi=10.1177%2f016224390002500401&partnerID=40&md5=9eea38c26d273d74dfd947c25d1abd00},
abstract={Changes brought by the rise of the global economy and the end of the Cold War era have resulted in industry, government, and university rethinking their roles vis-à-vis research and development (R&D), basic versus applied research, and the role of corporate research. Since the mid-1980s, industrial research in the United States has been going through restructuring. Interviews with seventy-two scientists and eighteen managers working in six centralized corporate R&D laboratories in high-technology industry show that a new culture of dependence with a mission-oriented approach is replacing the cherished culture of independence with a result oriented approach.},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation},
funding_text 1={. The New York Times , 25 August , p. D1 . National Science Foundation . 1996 . Science and engineering indicators , NSB96-21. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office . National Software Alliance . 1998 . Software workers for the new millennium . Arlington, VA : 4600 N. Fairfax Drive . Reich, L. S. 1985 . The making of American industrial research: Science and business at GE and Bell, 1876-1926 . Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press . Reich, R. 1988 . The next American frontier . New York : Times Books . Rock, M. , and R. Rock , eds. 1990 . Corporate restructuring . New York : McGraw-Hill . Schein, E. 1992 . Organizational culture and leadership . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass . Schmitt, R. W. 1991 .},
references={Achilladelis, B.G., Schwarzkopf, A., Cines, M., The dynamics of technological innovation: The case of the chemical industry (1990) Research Policy, 19, pp. 1-35; Basalla, G., (1988) The Evolution of Technology, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Berman, E.M., The economic impact of industry-funded university R&D (1990) Research Policy, 19, pp. 349-355; Bowman, E.H., Singh, H., Overview of corporate restructuring trends and consequences (1990) Corporate Restructuring, pp. 8-23. , edited by M. Rock and R. Rock, NewYork: McGraw-Hill; Bush, V., (1945) Science - The Endless Frontier, , Washington DC: Public Affairs Press; (1997) Research & Development's Basic Research Survey, , Des Plaines, IL: Cahners; Cauley, L., Corporate research: How much is it worth? (1995) The Wall Street Journal, pp. B1. , 22 June; Cohen, S., Zysman, J., (1987) Manufacturing Matters, , New York: Basic Books; Corcoran, E., Rethinking research (1991) Scientific American, 265, pp. 136-139; Dertouzos, M.L., Lester, R.K., Solow, R.M., (1939) Made in America, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Edelheit, L.S., GE's R&D strategy: Be vital (1998) Research Technology Management, 41, pp. 21-27; Eidt, C.M., Cohen, R.W., Reinventing industrial basic research (1997) Research Technology Management, 40, pp. 29-36; Feller, I., Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: They think they can (1990) Research Policy, 19, pp. 335-348; Graham, M.B., (1986) RCA and the Videodisc, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Hagedoorn, J., Organizational modes of inter-firm cooperation and technology transfer (1990) Technovation, 10, pp. 17-30; Hounshell, D., Smith, J., (1988) Science and Corporate Strategy: DuPont R&D, 1902-1980, , New York: Cambridge University Press; The biggest problems technology leaders face (1997) Research Technology Management, 40, pp. 14-15; Jansen, D., Convergence of basic and applied research: Research orientations in German high-temperature superconductor research (1995) Science, Technology, & Human Values, 20, pp. 197-233; Jenkins, R.V., (1975) Images and Enterprise: Technology and the American Photographic Industry, 1839-1925, , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Leslie, S.W., (1993) The Cold War and American Science: The Military-industrial-academic Complex at MIT and Stanford, , New York: Columbia University Press; Lohr, S., IBM opens the doors of its research labs to surprising results (1998) The New York Times, pp. D1-D3. , 13 July; Mansfield, E., Academic research and industrial innovation (1991) Research Policy, 20, pp. 1-12; Academic research and industrial innovation: A further note (1992) Research Policy, 21, pp. 295-296; Markoff, J., In AT&T-TCI deal, cost and logistical problem (1998) The New York Times, 25, pp. D1. , August; (1996) Science and Engineering Indicators, , NSB96-21. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; (1998) Software Workers for the New Millennium, , Arlington, VA: 4600 N. Fairfax Drive; Reich, L.S., (1985) The Making of American Industrial Research: Science and Business at GE and Bell, 1876-1926, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Reich, R., (1988) The Next American Frontier, , New York: Times Books; Rock, M., Rock, R., (1990) Corporate Restructuring, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Schein, E., (1992) Organizational Culture and Leadership, , San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; Schmitt, R.W., The strategic measure of R&D (1991) Research Technology Management, 34, pp. 13-17; Schoenberger, E., (1997) The Cultural Crisis of the Firm, , Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; Sheth, J.N., Ram, S., (1987) Bringing Innovation to Market: Breaking the Corporate and Customers Barriers, , New York: John Wiley; Sifonis, J., The impact of technology on restructuring (1990) Corporate Restructuring, pp. 253-259. , edited by M. Rock and R. Rock, New York: McGraw-Hill; Slaughter, S., Rhoades, G., The emergence of a competitiveness research and development policy coalition and the commercialization of academic science and technology (1996) Science, Technology, & Human Values, 21, pp. 303-339; Smith, D.K., Alexander, R.C., (1988) Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Then Ignored, the First Personal Computer, , New York: William Morrow; Souder, W.E., Venkatesh, P., Transferring new technologies from R&D to manufacturing (1989) Research Technology Management, 32, pp. 38-43; Thurow, L., (1992) Head to Head, , New York: Murrow; Varma, R., Restructuring corporate R&D: From autonomous to linkage model (1995) Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 7, pp. 231-247; Wise, G., (1985) Willis R. Whitney, General Electric, and the Origins of US Industrial Research, , New York: Columbia University Press},
publisher={SAGE Publications Inc.},
issn={01622439},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. Technol. Hum. Values},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goodhand200087,
author={Goodhand, J.},
title={From holy war to opium war? A case study of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan},
journal={Disasters},
year={2000},
volume={24},
number={2},
pages={87-102},
doi={10.1111/1467-7717.00135},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034124146&doi=10.1111%2f1467-7717.00135&partnerID=40&md5=31cc8ef7015a12fff69f463003c3602a},
affiliation={INTRAC, PO Box 563, Oxford OX2 6RZ, United Kingdom},
abstract={This paper examines the recent growth of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan. A detailed analysis of one village in Badakshan Province reveals profound changes in the local economy and social institutions. The paper describes two major shifts in the local economy: first, the switch from wheat to poppy cultivation; and second, the shift from the livestock trade to the opium trade. It then examines the underlying causes and impacts of the opium economy on social relations in the village. Although a case study of a community living on the margins of the global economy, it is argued that these changes have important implications for international policymakers. The emergence of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan is symptomatic of new and expanding forms of trans-border trade associated with the restructuring of the global political economy.},
author_keywords={Afghanistan;  Drug trade;  Narcotics;  War economy},
keywords={drugs trade;  socioeconomic conditions, Afghanistan},
references={Berdal, M., Keen, D., Violence and economic agendas in civil wars: Some policy implications (1997) Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 26 (3); Clarke, P., (1998), Interview with Paul Clarke of World Food Programme, 15 November; Duffield, M., (1998) Aid Policy and Post-modern Conflict. A Critical Review, , Occasional Paper 19, School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Reading development as security. Post-nation state conflict and reconstructing normality (1999) Conference: NGOs in a Global Future, , University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Globalisation and war economies. Promoting order or the return of history? (1999) Fletcher Forum of World Affairs Issue on the Geography of Confidence: Environments, Populations and Boundaries, , Medford; Dupree, L., (1980) Afghanistan, , Princeton University Press, Princeton; Glatzer, B., Is Afghanistan on the brink of ethnic and tribal disintegration? (1998) Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban, , W. Mahley (ed.) Vanguard Books, Lahore; Goodhand, J., Hulme, D., From war to complex political emergencies: Understanding conflict and peace-building in the new world disorder (1999) Third World Quarterly, 20 (1), pp. 13-26; Grima, B., (1992) The Performance of Emotion among Paxtun Women, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Johnson, C., Afghanistan. A land in shadow (1998) Oxfam Country Report, , Oxford; Jones, B., A partnership perspective on: 'Doing development in complex political emergencies: Perils and possibilities' (1999) NGOs and the Global Future Conference in Birmingham; Kapila, M., Templer, G., Winter, E., (1995) Review of British Aid to Afghanistan, , Overseas Development Institute, London; Kaplan, R., The coming anarchy (1994) The Atlantic Monthly, 273 (2), pp. 44-76; Keen, D., The political economy of war (1997) The Social and Economic Costs of Conflict in Developing Countries, , F. Stewart (ed.) ESCOR, DFID, London; The economic functions of violence in civil wars (1998) Adelphi Paper, 320. , International Institute of Strategic Studies, London; Ostrom, K., (1997) Understanding the Economy of Afghanistan. An Exploratory Study, , SIDA, Stockholm; Putnam, R., Leonard, R., Nanett, R.Y., (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princetown, , Princeton University Press, Princeton; Richards, P., (1996) Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone, , James Currey, Oxford; Roy, O., (1986) Islam and the Resistance in Afghanistan, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Afghanistan: Back to tribalism or on to Lebanon? (1989) Third World Quarterly, 11 (4); Sharani, M.N., The future of the state and the structure of community governance in Afghanistan (1998) Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban, , W. Mahley (ed.) Vanguard Books, Lahore; (1998) UNDCP Report, , Geneva},
correspondence_address1={Goodhand, J.; INTRAC, PO Box 563, Oxford OX2 6RZ, United Kingdom},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={03613666},
pubmed_id={10887663},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Disasters},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gilberga20008,
author={Gilberga, A.},
title={The global economy and the TARGET system [La economia global y el sistema TARGET]},
journal={Revista de la Industria Textil},
year={2000},
number={374},
pages={8-12},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034117751&partnerID=40&md5=370529173570d920a70c47672d1e8f26},
abstract={The recent effects of the collapse of the South East Asian markets on the markets of the rest of the world showed how globalization affects everyone. The relocation of industry and mass migrations of people due to wars, disasters and poverty are other signs of globalization. The exploitation of third world countries by western companies is a new form of colonialism, and possibly no more ethical than the old form. The TARGET system represents another aspect of globalization - the free movement of capital between the countries of the Euro zone. The author feels that care must be taken to ensure that the control of global financial power does not fall into the wrong hands.},
keywords={financial market;  global economy;  globalization;  market conditions, economic information;  globalization;  international trade;  market},
issn={02100800},
language={Spanish},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Ind. Text.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lansford20001,
author={Lansford, T.},
title={Post-Westphalian Europe? Sovereignty and the modern nation-state},
journal={International Studies},
year={2000},
volume={37},
number={1},
pages={1-15},
doi={10.1177/0020881700037001001},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034069691&doi=10.1177%2f0020881700037001001&partnerID=40&md5=15f7ff4be5df7c800ca04390f01e78d0},
affiliation={Strattoni College, VA, United States},
abstract={In the post-World War II era, nation-states have been sufficiently curbed in their individualistic pursuit of goals and payoffs by the proliferation of international organizations IOs and regimes and the internalization of international norms and rules by domestic societies. The modern nation-state has undergone significant changes both in terms of its purpose and sovereignty. States have traditionally been based on territorial factors. Increasingly, however, state participation in the global economy has led to the former's integration with the latter and, consequently, an increased degree of interdependence among states. The result has been the rise of trading states which measure themselves by their relative shares of the global economy and not by territorial size or military power. The pervasiveness of economic interdependence has constrained both internal and external aspects of state sovereignty. States must harmonize internal policies to conform to the requirements of international institutions and regimes. In addition, the growing power of domestic actors has forced decision makers to take greater cognizance of the domestic audience, and has led to the phenomenon of two-level game, in which domestic considerations impact on international relations and vice-versa. At the same time, participation in IOs and regimes constrain a state's external sovereignty by limiting policy choices and enforcing compliance with international obligations. This erosion of the traditional conceptions of state sovereignty has been accelerated by a combination of the increased power of international regimes and domestic forces, and the increased mobility of capital and labour. These factors have led to the development of what Richard Rosecrance has termed the virtual state. But as this combination of factors has constrained state sovereignty in several areas, it has also augmented the power of the state in other spheres. The member-state has evolved as an enhanced nation-state that has access to greater resources than any political unit had in the past, with the exception of the empire. Significantly, unlike the empire, the member-state has the means to retain the loyalty of its citizenry. Further, in exchange for the constraints placed upon individual states by international regimes and the global economy, states have greater access to private goods, capital and labour, and public goods such as the free market. Cooperative efforts between states also produce enhanced capabilities and greater relative gains. The process of harmonization between states' domestic norms and rules and international norms and rules has provided domestic actors with justification to pursue what might otherwise be unpopular domestic programmes.},
keywords={nation state;  sovereignty;  state building, Europe},
issn={00208817},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kunitz20001531,
author={Kunitz, S.J.},
title={Globalization, states, and the health of indigenous peoples},
journal={American Journal of Public Health},
year={2000},
volume={90},
number={10},
pages={1531-1539},
doi={10.2105/AJPH.90.10.1531},
note={cited By 40},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033795273&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.90.10.1531&partnerID=40&md5=a407e329d219eca31ebb7bfecd8da308},
affiliation={Dept. of Comm. and Preventive Med., Box 644, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States},
abstract={The consequences of globalization are mixed, and for the indigenous peoples of poor countries globalization has potentially important benefits. These are the result not of participation in the global economy but of participation in global networks of other indigenous peoples, environmental activists, and now governmental organizations. Since World War II, nonstate actors such as these have gained standing in international forums. It is indigenous peoples' growing visibility and ability to mobilize international support against the policies of their own national governments that has contributed in some important instances to their improved chances of survival.},
keywords={ecology;  economic aspect;  health care policy;  life expectancy;  lowest income group;  review;  socioeconomics;  survival},
correspondence_address1={Kunitz, S.J.; Dept. of Comm. and Preventive Med., 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States},
publisher={American Public Health Association Inc.},
issn={00900036},
coden={AJPEA},
pubmed_id={11029984},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. J. Public Health},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{LaFont2000233,
author={LaFont, S.},
title={Gender wars in Jamaica},
journal={Identities},
year={2000},
volume={7},
number={2},
pages={233-260},
doi={10.1080/1070289X.2000.9962666},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033753534&doi=10.1080%2f1070289X.2000.9962666&partnerID=40&md5=520598c5dc8f1f19d07ab20bdb661e0f},
affiliation={Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York, 2001 Oriental Boulevard, Brooklyn, NY 11235, United States},
abstract={Gender antagonism is a complex issue produced within a context of power. In this paper I will argue that in Jamaica, the colonial legacy and global economy have conjoined to create a socio-economic environment that fosters conflict between women and men. Poverty, which has been exacerbated during the past two decades of economic restructuring, and the tradition of women's economic activity, often inhibit the fulfillment of gender roles as prescribed within the dominant ideology. Conflict occurs as each gender formulates its expectations of the other within the breadwinner/homemaker model. Yet, Jamaican women and men are not simply passive recipients of the dominant gender ideology; they negotiate gender behavior and actively manipulate dominant models. Thus, this analysis of gender behavior provides an example of the agency of the poor. The data in this paper are based on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis.},
author_keywords={Caribbean;  Family Court;  Gender antagonism;  Gender roles;  Jamaica},
keywords={gender relations;  gender role;  poverty, Jamaica},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_details={Fulbright AssociationFulbright Association},
funding_details={Wenner-Gren StiftelsernaWenner-Gren Stiftelserna},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgements: The funding for this research was provided by the Wenner Gren Foundation, Fulbright, and the National Science Foundation. An earlier version of these findings were presented at the American Anthropological Association meeting, Washington, D.C.,inl997.Nina GlickSchiller,whose assistance and support far exceeded conventional editorial responsibilities, deserves special thanks. I am also grateful to Anders Peltomaa, lisa Glazer, Susan Farrell, Louis Mazzari, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.},
references={Anderson, P., Conclusion: Women in the Caribbean (1986) Social and Economic Studies, 35, pp. 291-325; Anglin, M., Special issue: Gendered structures of violence (1998) Identities, 5 (2); Austin, D.J., (1984) Urban Life in Kingston Jamaica, , New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers; Barnes, N.B., Face of a nation: Race, nationalisms, and identity in Jamaican beauty pageants (1997) Daughters of Caliban: Caribbean Women in the 20th Century, pp. 285-303. , Consuelo Lopez-Springfield, ed.; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Barrow, C., Finding the support: A study of strategies for survival (1986) Social and Economic Studies, 35, pp. 131-176; Blake, J., (1961) Family Structure in Jamaica, , New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, Inc; Bolles, A.L., (1987) My Mother Who Fathered Me and Others: Gender and Kinship in the Caribbean, , Unpublished paper presented at the AAA meeting in Chicago; Bolles, A.L., Surviving Manley and Seaga: Case studies of women's responses to structural adjustment policies (1991) Review of Radical Political Economy, 23 (3-4), pp. 20-36; Brathwaite, E., (1971) The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica 1770-1820, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Buss, D.M., Sexual conflict: Evolutionary insights into feminism and the 'battle of the sexes' (1996) Sex, Power, Conflict, pp. 296-318. , David M. Buss and Neil M. Malamuth, eds.; New York: Oxford University Press; Clarke, E., (1957) My Mother Who Fathered Me, , London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd; Comaroff, J., Comaroff, J., (1991) Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Despres, L.A., Anthropological theory, cultural pluralism, and the study of complex societies (1968) Current Anthropology, 9, pp. 3-26; Etienne, M., Leacock, E., (1980) Woman and Colonization, , New York: Praeger Special Studies; Foner, N., (1973) Status and Power in Rural Jamaica, , New York: Teachers College Press; Fox, R., The conditions of sexual evolution (1985) Western Sexuality: Practice and Precept in Past and Present, pp. 1-13. , P. Aries and A. Bejin, eds.; London: Basil Blackwell; Friedl, E., Society and sex roles (1999) Applying Anthropology, pp. 251-256. , Aaron Podolefsky and Peter J. Brown, eds.; Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield Publishing Co; Gelber, M.G., (1986) Gender and Society in the New Guinea Highlands, , Boulder: Westview Press; Gibson, M., Pluralism, social engineering, and some aspects of law in the Caribbean (1984) Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs, 10 (3), pp. 56-87; Glazer, I., Alcohol and politics in Urban Zambia: The intersection of gender and class (1997) African Feminism: The Politics of Survival in Sub-Saharan African, pp. 142-157. , Gwendolyn Mikell, ed.; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania; Gonzalez, N.L.S., Toward a definition of matrifocality (1970) Afro-American Anthropology, pp. 231-243. , John F. Szwed and Norman Whitton, eds.; New York: The Free Press; Handwerker, W.P., (1989) Women's Power and Social Revolution, , Newbury Park: Sage Publishers; Harrison, F.V., Women in Jamaica's urban informal economy: Insights from a Kingston slum (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, pp. 173-196. , Chandra T. Mohanty, Ann Russo and Lourdes Torres, eds.; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Harrison, F.V., The gendered politics and violence of structural adjustment (1997) Situated Lives: Gender and Culture in Everyday Life, pp. 451-468. , Louise Lamphere, Helena Ragon and Patricia Zavella, eds.; New York: Routledge; Harvey, D., (1989) The Conditions of Postmodernity, , Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell; Henriques, F., (1953) Family and Colour in Jamaica, , London: Eyre and Spottiswoode; Hrdy, S., A disputed legacy (1993) Culture and Human Sexuality, , David N. Suggs and Andrew W. Miracle, eds. Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/Cole Publishing; LaFont, S., (1996) The Emergence of an Afro-Caribbean Legal Tradition: Gender Relations and Family Court Use in Kingston, Jamaica, , San Francisco: Austin and Winfield Press; LaFont, S., Pruitt, D., For love and money: Romance tourism in Jamaica (1995) Annals of Tourism Research, 22, pp. 422-440; LaFont, S., Pruitt, D., Gendered laws in Jamaica (1997) Daughters of Caliban: Caribbean Women in the 20th Century, pp. 215-228. , Consuelo Lopez-Springfield, ed.; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Lazarus-Black, M., Slaves, masters, and magistrates: Laws and the politics of resistance in the British Caribbean 1736-1834 (1994) Contested State: Law, Hegemony and Resistance, pp. 252-273. , Mindie Lazarus-Black and Susan F. Hirsh, eds.; New York: Routledge; Lazarus-Black, M., The rites of domination: Practice, process, and structure in lower courts (1997) American Ethnologist, 24, pp. 628-651; Lazarus-Black, M., Hirsh, S.F., (1994) Contested State: Law, Hegemony and Resistance, , New York: Routledge; Leacock, E.B., (1981) Myths of Male Dominance, , New York: Monthly Review Press; MacKinnon, C., (1987) Feminism Unmodified, , Boston: Harvard Press; Mason, B.J., Jamaican working-class women: Producers and reproducers (1985) The Review of Black Political Economy, 14, pp. 259-275; McAfee, K., Jamaica: The showpiece that didn't stand up (1994) 50 Years is Long Enough. The Case Against the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, pp. 68-77. , Kevin Danaher ed.; Boston: South End Press; Miller, E., (1991) Men at Risk, , Kingston: Jamaica Publishing House, Ltd; Millet, K., (1970) Sexual Politics, , New York: Doubleday; Mintz, S., Economic role and cultural tradition (1981) The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, pp. 513-534. , Filomina Chioma Steady, ed.; Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Company; Mintz, S., (1985) Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, , New York: Penguin Books; Moses, Y.T., Female status, the family and male dominance in a west Indian community (1981) The Black Woman Cross-Culturally, pp. 499-513. , Filomina Chioma Steady, ed.; Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Company; Powell, D., Caribbean women and their response to familial experiences (1986) Social and Economic Studies, 35, pp. 83-130; Roberts, G.W., Sinclair, S.A., (1978) Women in Jamaica: Patterns of Reproduction and Family, , New York: KTO Press; Safa, H.I., (1995) The Myth of the Male Breadwinner: Women and Industrialization in the Caribbean, , Boulder: Westview Press; Seif, H.A., Contextualizing gender and labor: Class, ethnicity, and global politics in the Yemeni socio-economy (1995) Women's Rights: Human Rights, , Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper, eds. New York: Routledge; Shostak, M., (1983) Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman, , New York: Vintage Books; Smith, M.G., (1965) The Plural Society in the British West Indies, , Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press; Smith, M.G., (1989) Poverty in Jamaica, , Kingston: ISER Press; Smith, R.T., (1956) The Negro Family in British Guiana: Family Structure and Social Status in the Villages, , London: Lowe and Brydon, Ltd; Smuts, B., Male aggression against women: An evolutionary perspective (1996) Sex, Power, Conflict, pp. 231-268. , David M. Buss and Neil M. Malamuth, eds.; New York: Oxford University Press; Sobo, E.J., Menstrual taboos, witchcraft babies, and social relations: Women's health traditions in rural Jamaica (1997) Daughters of Caliban: Caribbean Women in the 20th Century, pp. 143-164. , Consuelo Lopez-Springfield, ed.; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; (1999) Indicators on Unemployment, , www.un.org/Depts/unsd/social/unempl/html; Whitehead, T.L., Residence, kinship and mating as survival strategies: A west Indian example (1978) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 40, pp. 817-828; Williams, E., (1970) From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, , New York: Vintage Books; Wilson, P.J., (1973) Crab Antics, , New Haven: Yale University Press},
issn={1070289X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Identities},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Forrant2000751,
author={Forrant, R.},
title={Between a rock and a hard place: US industrial unions, shop-floor participation and the lean, mean global economy},
journal={Cambridge Journal of Economics},
year={2000},
volume={24},
number={6},
pages={751-769},
doi={10.1093/cje/24.6.751},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033676055&doi=10.1093%2fcje%2f24.6.751&partnerID=40&md5=48c3395180fc0fa892694e3169a5ad9d},
affiliation={University of Massachusetts at Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States; University of Massachusetts at Lowell, Department of Regional Economic and Social Development, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, United States},
abstract={Utilising historical and contemporary studies of metalworking plants, a review of current trends in labour-management relations, and observations from 15 years as a machinist and local union officer, the author describes the efforts of US workers and their local unions to play a positive role in shop-floor production matters in the post-Second World War period, only to be rebuffed by corporations intent on gaining hegemony on the factory floor. This history is juxtaposed to contemporary efforts by managers to kindle interest among workers in participating in various shop-floor continuous improvement schemes, in the context of the implicit and explicit threats to employment security that global production flexibility provides to corporations.},
author_keywords={Globalisation;  Metalworking;  Production flexibility;  Shop-floor participation},
keywords={global economy;  labor relations;  metals industry;  trade union, United States},
references={Adler, P., Goldoftas, B., Levine, D., Ergonomics, employee involvement, and the Toyota production system: A case study of NUMMI's 1993 model introduction (1997) Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 50, pp. 416-437; Almeida, B., Are good jobs flying away? U.S. Aircraft engine manufacturing and sustainable prosperity (1997) Working Paper No. 206, Annandale-on-Hudson, , New York, Jerome Levy Economics Institute; (1940) The CIO and National Defense, , Washington, DC; Applebaum, E., Batt, R., (1994) The New American Workplace: Transforming Work Systems in the United States, , Ithaca, ILR Press; Bernstein, A., What price peace: GM lost a lot to the UAW, and labor relations are still bad (1998) Business Week, p. 24. , 10 August; Best, M., (1990) The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring, , Cambridge, Harvard University Press; Biddle, F., Boeing's effort to cushion itself from cycles backfires (1997) Wall Street Journal, p. 3. , 24 October; Bluestone, B., Harrison, B., (1988) The Great U-Turn: Corporate Restructuring and the Polarizing of America, , New York, Basic Books; Bradsher, K., G.M. and union end up tallying losses, not gains, after strike (1998) The New York Times, p. 1. , 30 July; Bradsher, K., General Motors plans to build new, efficient assembly plants (1998) The New York Times, p. 1. , August 6; Buchele, R., Christiansen, J., Labor relations and productivity growth in advanced capitalist economies (1999) Review of Radical Political Economics, 31, pp. 87-110; Cappelli, P., Bassi, L., Katz, H., Knoke, D., Osterman, P., Useem, M., (1997) Change at Work, , New York, Oxford University Press; Clark, G., The strange story of the Reuther plan (1941) Harpers Magazine, 184, pp. 645-654; Collins, C., Leondar-Wright, B., Sklar, H., (1999) Shifting Fortunes: The Perils of the Growing American Wealth Gap, , Boston, United for a Fair Economy; Conti, R.F., Warner, M., Taylorism, teams and technology in reengineering work-organization (1994) New Technology, Work and Employment, 9, pp. 93-102; Cowdrick, E., Management's view of government labor policies in defense industries (1942) Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, 19, pp. 341-351; Crawford, F., Plowshares into swords (1942) Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, 19 (4), pp. 400-413; Dillon, S., A 20-year G.M. parts migration to Mexico (1998) The New York Times, pp. D1. , 24 June; Emspak, J., Labor-management war production councils (1943) Science and Society, 7, pp. 87-91; Fairris, D., (1997) Shopfloor Matters: Labor-Management Relations in Twentieth-Century American Manufacturing, , London, Routledge; Forrant, R., 'Quality and selling price go hand in hand like ham and eggs, toast and butter': American Bosch local 206 and the blunting of shopfloor participation, 1950-1970 (1996) International Contributions to Labour Studies, 6, pp. 1-27; Forrant, R., The cutting edge dulled: The post-Second World War decline of the United States machine tool industry (1997) International Contributions to Labour Studies, 7, pp. 37-58; Forrant, R., (1998) Restructuring for Flexibility and Survival: A Comparison of Two Metal Engineering Plants in Massachusetts, , Geneva, International Labour Organization; Forrant, R., Good jobs and the cutting edge: The U.S. metalworking industry and sustainable prosperity Corporate Governance and Sustainable Prosperity: Industrial Innovation, International Competition and Intergenerational Dependence, , (forthcoming); in Lazonick, W. (ed); New York, Macmillan; Forrant, R., Flynn, E., Seizing agglomeration's potential: The greater Springfield Massachusetts metalworking district in transition, 1986-1996 (1998) Regional Studies, 32, pp. 209-222; Geary, J.F., Employment flexibility and human resource management: The case of three American electronics plants (1992) Work, Employment and Society, 6, pp. 251-270; Golden, C., Ruttenberg, H., (1942) The Dynamics of Industrial Democracy, , New York, Harper and Brothers; Graham, L., (1995) On the Line at Subaru-Isuzu: The Japanese Model and the American Worker, , Ithaca, ILR Press; Greider, W., (1997) One World Ready Or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism, , New York, Simon and Schuster; Harris, H., (1982) The Right to Manage: Industrial Relations Policies of American Business in the 1940s, , Madison, University of Wisconsin Press; Harrison, B., (1994) Lean and Mean: The Changing Landscape of Corporate Power in the Age of Flexibility, , New York, Basic Books; Herzenberg, S., Alic, J., Wial, H., (1998) New Rules for a New Economy: Employment and Opportunity in Postindustrial America, , Ithaca, Cornell University Press; (1997) World Labour Report: Industrial Relations, Democracy and Social Stability, 1997-1998, , Geneva, International Labour Office; (1998) Impact of Flexible Labour Market Arrangements in the Machinery, Electrical and Electronic Industries, , Geneva, International Labour Office; Jaikumar, R., Postindustrial manufacturing (1986) Harvard Business Review, 64, pp. 69-76; Jones, B., (1997) Forcing the Factory of the Future: Cybernation and Societal Institutions, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Jones, O., Changing the balance? Taylorism, TQM, and work organisation (1997) New Technology, Work and Employment, 12, pp. 13-24; Kapstein, E., Workers and the world economy (1996) Foreign Affairs, 75, pp. 16-37; Kochan, T., Osterman, P., (1994) The Mutual Gains Enterprise, , Boston, Harvard Business School Press; Kochan, T., Lansbury, R., MacDuffie, J.P., (1997) After Lean Production: Evolving Employment Practices in the World Auto Industry, , Ithaca, Cornell University Press; Kohler, C., Woodward, J., Systems of work and socio-economic structures: A comparison of Germany, Spain, France and Japan (1997) European Journal of Industrial Relations, 3 (1), pp. 59-82; Corporate Governance and Sustainable Prosperity: Industrial Innovation, International Competition and Intergenerational Dependence, , Lazonick, W., ed. forthcoming; New York, Macmillan; Lazonick, W., O'Sullivan, M., Organization, finance and international competition (1996) Industrial and Corporate Change, 5, pp. 1-49; Lazonick, W., O'Sullivan, M., (1997) Corporate Governance and Employment: Is Prosperity Sustainable in the United States?, , Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, The Jerome Levy Economics Institute; Lichtenstein, N., (1995) The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit: Walter Reuther and the Fate of American Labor, , New York, Basic Books; Meredith, R., The brave new world of general motors (1997) The New York Times, p. 1. , 26 October, section 3; Milkman, R., (1997) Farewell to the Factory: Auto Workers in the Late 20th Century, , Berkeley, University of California Press; Millman, J., Mexico is becoming auto-making hot spot (1998) The Wall Street Journal, p. 17. , 23 June; Mitchner, B., Europe looks askance at auto subsidies as overproduction looms as a problem (1997) The Wall Street Journal, p. 8. , 14 December; Montgomery, D., (1979) Workers' Control in America: Studies in the History of Work, Technology, and Labor Struggles, , New York, Cambridge University Press; Moody, K., (1997) Workers in a Lean World: Unions in the International Economy, , New York, Verso; Murray, P., (1941) The CIO Defense Plan, , Washington, DC, Congress of Industrial Organizations Publication Note. 51; (1981) Meeting the Japanese Challenge, , McLean, VA, National Machine Tool Builders Association; North, K., (1997) Localizing Global Production: Know-how Transfer in International Manufacturing, , Geneva, ILO Press; O'Sullivan, M., The innovative enterprise and corporate governance (2000) Cambridge Journal of Economics, 24 (4), pp. 393-416; Parker, M., Industrial relations myth and shop floor reality: The team concept in the auto industry (1993) Industrial Democracy in America: The Ambiguous Promise, pp. 249-274. , in Lichtenstein, N. and Harris, H.J. (eds); New York, Cambridge University Press; Rinehart, J., Huxley, C., Roberston, J., (1997) Just Another Car Factory? Lean Production and Its Discontents, , Ithaca, Cornell University Press; Shaiken, H., (1987) Automation and Global Production: Automobile Engine Production in Mexico, the United States, and Canada, , San Diego, University of California, Center for US Mexican Studies; Smith, C., Blumenstein, R., In China, GM bets billions on a market strewn with casualties (1998) The Wall Street Journal, p. 1. , 11 February; Tagliabue, J., Buona note, guten tag: Europe's new workdays (1997) The New York Times, pp. D1. , 20 October; Uchitelle, L., Global good times meet the global glut (1997) The New York Times, pp. D1. , 16 November; (1995) World Investment Report: Transnational Corporations and Integrated International Production, , New York, United Nations; (1944) Foreman's Guide to Labor Relations, , Washington, DC, US Department of Labor; Charting the pain behind the gain (1999) The Wall Street Journal, pp. B1. , 1 October; (1944) The Labor-Management Production Committee of the Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company, Springfield Massachusetts and the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America CIO, Local 202, , Washington, DC, War Production Board; (1945) Production Guide for Labor-Management Committees: Ways of Handling Production Problems, , Washington, DC, War Production Board; Weinberg, D., A brief look at postwar U.S. Income inequality (1996) Current Population Reports, pp. 60-191; Weisskopf, T., Bowles, S., Gordon, D., Hearts and minds: A social model of U.S. productivity growth (1983) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, (2); Zuckerman, L., Boeing startles market with delays costing $2·6 billion (1997) The New York Times, pp. D1. , 23 October},
correspondence_address1={Forrant, R.; University of Massachusetts Lowell, , Lowell, United States; email: rforrant@external.umass.edu},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
issn={0309166X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. J. Econ.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Room1999305,
author={Room, R. and Paglia, A.},
title={The international drug control system in the post-Cold War era. Managing markets or fighting a war?},
journal={Drug and Alcohol Review},
year={1999},
volume={18},
number={3},
pages={305-315},
doi={10.1080/09595239996455},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033442655&doi=10.1080%2f09595239996455&partnerID=40&md5=a9b61a6a4c296dd3c8c5c43b6870deb8},
affiliation={Addict. Research Foundation Division, Ctr. for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada; Ctr. Social Res. Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Sveaplan, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden},
abstract={The core institutions and scope of the international drug control system are described. The system has grown in participation and particularly in scope and ambitions since it was studied in the early 1970s by Bruun and colleagues. Its premises are notably in conflict with the currently dominant ideologies of a free-market global economy although, as earlier, the United States plays a dominant role in the drug control system. At a time when it is seen as a failure in its primary aims both from inside and from outside, defenses of the system have ranged from rousing rhetorical appeals to efforts to "de-sensationalize" the issues. [Room R, Paglia A. The international drug control system in the post-Cold War era. Managing markets or fighting a war?},
author_keywords={Drug control;  Drug conventions;  International narcotics control},
references={Bruun, K., Pan, L., Rexed, I., (1975) The Gentlemen's Club: International Control of Drugs and Alcohol, , Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press; Pan, L., Bruun, K., Recent developments in international drug control (1979) Br J Addict, 74, pp. 141-160; (1997) Report on the Fortieth Session (18-25 March 1997), UN Economic and Social Council Official Records, (8 SUPPL.). , E/1997/28, E/CN.7/1997/12. Vienna: CND, 16 April, 1997; Giacomelli, G., (1996) Activities of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme: Report of the Executive Director, , E/CN.7/1996/2. Vienna: UNDCP, 11 March; Annan, K., (1997) Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, Document A/52/1, , www.un.org/Docs/SG/Report97, New York: United Nations, 3 September; (1996) Role and Functions of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), , Vienna: UNDCP; Wellington, N.Z., (1996) United Nations Handbook, 34th Edn., , New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade; Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 1996, , www.undcp.org/reports/incb96/e, Vienna: INCB, 1997; McAllister, W.B., Conflicts of interest in the international drug control system (1992) Drug Control Policy: Essays in Historical and Comparative Perspective, pp. 143-166. , Walker WO, ed. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press; Fischer, B., Kendall, P., Rehm, J., Room, R., Charting WHO - Goals for licit and illicit drugs for the year 2000: Are we on track? (1997) Public Health, 111, pp. 271-275; Cjl, M., Lopez, A.D., Quantifying the burden of disease and injury attributable to ten major risk factors (1996) The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020, pp. 295-324. , Murray CJL, Lopez AD, eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard School of Public Health; Tyrrell, I., Prohibition, American cultural expansion, and the new hegemony in the 1920s: An interpretation (1994) Histoire Social/Social History, 27, pp. 413-445; Ferris, J., Room, R., Giesbrecht, N., Public health interests in trade agreements in alcoholic beverages in North America (1993) Alcohol Health Res World, 17, pp. 235-241; Giacomelli, G., (1994) Statement by Executive Director of the United National International Drug Control Programme at the Thirty-seventh Session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, , Vienna: UNDCP, 13 April; Emblad, H., (1994) Statement by Hans Emblad, Director, WHO Programme on Substance Abuse, , Geneva: World Health Organization, 13-22 April; Heien, D.M., Pittman, D.J., The external costs of alcohol abuse (1993) J Stud Alcohol, 54, pp. 302-307; Bartecchi, C.E., Mackenzie, T.D., Schrier, R.W., The global tobacco epidemic (1995) Sci Am May, pp. 44-51; (1997) World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World, , New York: Oxford University Press; Room, R., The rhetoric of international drug control Substance Use Misuse, , in press; Friman, H.R., (1996) NarcoDiplomacy: Exporting the U.S. War on Drugs, , Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; Stares, P.B., (1996) Global Habit: The Drug Problem in a Borderless World, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Nadelmann, E., (1993) Cops Across Borders: The Internationalization of U.S. Criminal Law Enforcement, , University Park, PA: Pennsylvania University Press; Rozental, A., Self-serving "report cards" fail to advance the war on drugs (1996) International Herald Tribune, 29. , March; (1997) Executive Summary, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 1996, , Washington, DC: US Department of State, March; (1997) World Drug Report, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Flynn, S., Worldwide drug scourge: The expanding trade in illicit drugs (1993) Brookings Rev, 11, pp. 6-11; Tullis, L., (1995) Unintended Consequences: Illegal Drugs and Drug Policies in Nine Countries, , Boulder, CO, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers; Commission on Narcotic Drugs. Preparations for the Special Session of the General Assembly to consider the fight against the illicit production, sales, demand, traffic and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and related activities and to propose new strategies, methods, practical activities and specific measures to strengthen international cooperation (1998) Draft Political Declaration, CND Second Session, , www.undcp.org/undcp/gass/poldec.htm, Agenda item 2(c), Vienna 16-20 March; (1998) Commission on Narcotic Drugs Concludes Forty-first Regular Session: Round-up of Session, , www.undcp.org/press/pr98_633, UNIS/NAR/633, Vienna: UNODCCP, 24 March; Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 1997, , www.undcp.org/incb/AR/e/1997, Vienna: INCB, 1998; Tucci, S., (1998) Statement to the Press (Concerning 21 February 1998 New Scientist Article), , Vienna: UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, 27 February; Room, R., Control systems for psychoactive substances Nicotine and Public Health, , Ferrence R. et al., eds. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, in press; Van Den Brink, M., Philosophical comments on international strategies to combat drugs (1995) Policies and Strategies to Combat Drugs in Europe: The Treaty on European Union: Framework for a New European Strategy to Combat Drugs?, pp. 1-3. , Estievenart G. ed. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff; Christie, N., Bruun, K., (1985) Den Goda Fienden: Narkotikapolitik i Norden [Suitable Enemies: Drug Policies in the Nordic Countries], , Kristianstad: Boktrykeri AB},
correspondence_address1={Room, R.; Ctr. Social Res. Alcohol and Drugs, , Sveaplan, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden},
issn={09595236},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Drug Alcohol Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Scaperlanda1999523,
author={Scaperlanda, M.A.},
title={Immigration justice: Beyond liberal egalitarian and communitarian perspectives},
journal={Review of Social Economy},
year={1999},
volume={57},
number={4},
pages={523-542},
doi={10.1080/00346769900000020},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748490703&doi=10.1080%2f00346769900000020&partnerID=40&md5=35cbcd5196ca10f78010390719148c25},
affiliation={University of Oklahoma, 660 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, United States},
abstract={Immigration law resides within a complex web of interconnected political, Cultural, and economic realities. Politically the world is organized around nation states, which exercise the legal authority to control their borders. Multiple factors push people into emigrating from their country of origin or pull people toward immigrating to particular countries. Given historic migration patterns and the fluidity of national borders, cultures transcend these boundaries, creating demand for transnational mobility. The global economy coupled with disparate economic opportunities between nations spurs immigration. War, civil unrest, and natural disasters also contribute to the international movement of peoples. In this article, I explore the foundations of a socially just immigration regime. Part one provides an overview of the push-pull factors influencing the decision of individuals and families to migrate. Part two places these decisions within the context of United States immigration law, exploring both the statutory and constitutional restrictions on entry into the United States. Part three examines the difficulties inherent in attempts to develop a coherent and just immigration policy out of liberal political theory or the communitarian response. In Part four, I place the immigration justice issue within the framework of Roman Catholic social teaching, concluding that such a framework provides a secure basis for constructing a just immigration jurisprudence. Finally, Part five briefly reflects on the justness of current United States immigration law in light of the theory developed in Part four. © 1999 The Association for Social Economics.},
author_keywords={Catholic;  Communitarian;  Constitution;  Immigration;  Liberal egalitarian;  Natural law},
references={Ackerman, B., (1980) Social Justice in the Liberal State, , Yale, New Haven: Yale University Press; Berry, B., Goodin, R.E., (1992) Free Movement: Ethical Issues in the Transnational Migration of People and Money, , University Park, Pa: Penn State Press; Borjas, G.J., Freeman, R.B., (1992) Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Bosniak, L., Membership, Equality, and the Difference that Membership Makes (1994) New York University Law Review, p. 1047; Brimelow, P., (1995) Alien Nation: Common Sense about America’s Immigration Disaster, , New York: HarperCollins; Carens, J.H., Aliens and Citizens: “The Case for Open Borders (1987) Review of Politics, p. 251; Carens, J.H., Migration and morality: A liberal egalitarian perspective (1992) Free Movement, , Barry, B. and Goodin, R., University Park, Pa: Penn State Press; (1889) The Chinese Exclusion Case, , 130 U.S. 581 (1889); Chang, H.F., Immigration Policy, Liberal Principles, and the Republican Tradition Georgetown Law Journal, 2105, p. 85; Chang, H.F., Liberalized Immigration as Free Trade: Economic Welfare and the Optimal Immigration Policy (1997) University of Pennsylvania Law Review, p. 1147; Gibney, M., (1988) Open Borders? Closed Societies?: The Ethical and Political Issues, , NY: Greenwood Press; Giussani, L., (1997) The Religious Sense, , Montreal, Ca: McGill-Queens University Press; (1963) Encyclical Letter, , Pacem in Terris; (1991) Encyclical Letter, , Centesimus Annus; (1998) Encyclical Letter, , Fides et Ratio; (1981) Encyclical Letter, , Laborem Exercens; (1987) Encyclical Letter, , Sollicitudo Rei Socialis; (1993) Encyclical Letter, , Veritatis Splendor; (1999) Post-Synodal Exhortation, , Ecclesia in America; Johnson, K.R., Free Trade and Closed Borders: NAFTA and Mexican Immigration to the United States (1994) University of California Davis Law Review, p. 27; Johnson, P., (1995) Reason in the Balance, , Downers Grove, II: InterVarsity Press; Kurzban, I.J., (1998) Immigration Law Sourcebook, , (6th ed.), American Immigration Law Foundation; Lincoln, A., Speech at Springfield, II (1857) The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, , 1953: June 26, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Little, I.M.D., Ethics and International Economic Relations (1992) Free Movement, , Barry, B. and Goodin, R., University Park, Pa: Penn State University Press; Neuman, G.L., The Lost Century of American Immigration Law (1776-1875) (1993) Columbia Law Review, p. 93; Rawls, J., (1971) A Theory of Justice, , Belknap Press and Harvard University Press; Rommen, H., (1998) The Natural Law: A Study in Legal and Social History and Philosophy, , Liberty Fund 1998), Indianapolis; Rorty, R., (1989) Contigency, Irony, and Solidarity, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; (1965) Gaudium Et Spes, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World; Scaperlanda, A.E., John Paul IIs Vision of the Role of Multinational Enterprise Expansion in Building the Social Economy,” (1998) International Journal of Social Economics, 1764, p. 25; Scaperlanda, A.E., Multinational Enterprise Expansion From an Institutionalist Perspective (1996) The Institutional Economics of the International Economy, , Adams, J. and Scaperlanda, A. (eds.), Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Scaperlanda, M.A., Who is My Neighbor?: An Essay on Immigrants, Welfare Reform, and the Constitution (1997) Connecticut Law Review, p. 29; Scaperlanda, M.A., Partial Membership: Aliens and the Constitutional Community (1996) Iowa Law Review, p. 81; Scaperlanda, M.A., Polishing the Tarnished Golden Door (1993) Wisconsin Law Review; Schindler, D., Modernity, Postmodernity, and the Problem of Atheism (1997) Communio, p. 24; Thayer, J.B., (1901) John Marshall, , Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Tushnet, M., Immigration Policy in Liberal Political Theory (1995) Justice in Immigration, , Schwartz, W. (ed.), NY: Cambridge University Press; Walzer, M., (1983) Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality, , Basic Books},
correspondence_address1={Scaperlanda, M.A.; University of Oklahoma, 660 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, United States; email: mscaperlanda@ou.edu},
issn={00346764},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Rev. Soc. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cingranelli1999511,
author={Cingranelli, D.L. and Richards, D.L.},
title={Respect for human rights after the end of the Cold War},
journal={Journal of Peace Research},
year={1999},
volume={36},
number={5},
pages={511-534},
doi={10.1177/0022343399036005002},
note={cited By 122},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033466668&doi=10.1177%2f0022343399036005002&partnerID=40&md5=9be10b82c257970b637f5ad56a37bf80},
abstract={By directly affecting democratization, globalization, domestic conflict, and interstate conflict, the end of the Cold War was hypothesized to exert an indirect effect on the propensity of governments to respect the human rights of their citizens. The findings for a sample of 79 countries showed that torture, disappearances, and extrajudicial killings continued at about the same rate even after the Cold War ended. However, after the end of the Cold War, there was significant improvement in government respect for the right against political imprisonment. Contrary to expectations, it was found that governments that decreased their involvement in interstate conflict or experienced decreased domestic conflict did not tend to increase respect for the right against political imprisonment. As hypothesized, it was found that governments that became more democratic or increased their participation in the global economy after the end of the Cold War tended to manifest higher levels of respect for the right of their citizens not to be politically imprisoned. However, a closer look at several recent examples of democratization in Africa suggests that any human rights improvements resulting from post-Cold War democratization may be short-lived. In the cases examined, improved government respect for the right against political imprisonment resulted from short-term manipulations by the leaders of 'illiberal' or 'demonstration' democracies who were not committed to democratization or to the advancement of the human rights of their citizens.},
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Edn., , Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications; Banks, A.S., (1996) Scale Weights for Cross-National-Time-Series Domestic Conflict Data, , Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications; Banks, A.S., Day, A.J., Muller, T.C., (1997) The Political Handbook of the World: 1997, , Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications; Banks, D.L., The analysis of human rights data over time (1986) Human Rights Quarterly, 8 (4), pp. 654-680; Barber, B.R., (1996) Jihad vs. Mcworld, , New York: Ballantine; Blainey, G., (1988) The Causes of War, , New York: Free Press; Bouandel, Y., (1997) Human Rights and Comparative Politics, , Aldershot: Dartmouth; Carleton, D., The new international division of labor, export-oriented growth and state repression in Latin America (1989) Dependence, Development, and State Repression, pp. 211-236. , George Lopez & Michael Stohl, eds. 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publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={00223433},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Peace Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pollins1999431,
author={Pollins, B.M. and Schweller, R.L.},
title={Linking the levels: The long wave and shifts in U.S. foreign policy, 1790-1993},
journal={American Journal of Political Science},
year={1999},
volume={43},
number={2},
pages={431-464},
doi={10.2307/2991801},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033238813&doi=10.2307%2f2991801&partnerID=40&md5=9b11e5d6e295ed8246af3d87b1efc7d0},
abstract={The end of the Cold War has rekindled the oldest debate in American foreign policy: the choice of intervention or isolation. Noting regular swings between "Introversion" and "Extroversion" in the orientation of U.S. policy, we offer an approach that links the systemic and domestic levels of analysis to understand this phenomenon. Specifically, the Long Wave in the global economy is linked to factors in a number of "second image" theories that have been used to explain the foreign policies and behavior of nations. We focus on three possibilities: that hard times impel leaders to seek foreign adventures (the "diversionary" hypothesis); that abundant finances and military build-ups result in armed entanglements (the "war chest" hypothesis); and that economic growth generates a societal need for foreign expansion (the "lateral pressure" hypothesis). Despite apparent contradictions between predictions made by these three perspectives, some empirical support is found for all three. The key to resolving these contradictions lies in domestic-systemic linkages and in timing. The linked, two-level approach presented here does not merely call into question the "autonomy" of state actors, it specifies particular relationships and dynamics that shape national interests and capabilities in identifiable ways and at explicit times.},
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Boston: Unwin Hyman; Choucri, N., North, R.C., Yamakage, S., (1992) The Challenge of Japan before WWII and after: A Study of National Growth and Expansion, , London: Routledge; Christensen, T.J., (1996) Useful Adversaries: Grand Strategy, Domestic Mobilization and Sino-American Conflict, 1947-1958, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Coser, L., (1956) The Function of Social Conflict, , New York: Free Press; David, S.R., Why the Third World matters (1989) International Security, 14, pp. 50-85; Desch, M.C., The keys that lock up the world: Identifying American interests in the periphery (1989) International Security, 14, pp. 86-121; Desch, M.C., Bases for the future: U.S. Military interests in the post-Cold War Third World (1992) Security Studies, 2, pp. 201-224; Doran, C., Parsons, W., War and the cycle of relative power (1980) American Political Science Review, 74, pp. 947-965; Dray, W., (1980) Perspectives on History, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Elder, R.E., Holmes, J.E., International economic long cycles and American policy moods (1985) Rhythms in Politics and Economics, , ed. 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Foreign Policy, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Krauthammer, C., The unipolar moment (1990) Foreign Affairs: America and the World, 70, pp. 23-33; Kupchan, C.A., Kupchan, C.A., Concerts, collective security, and the future of Europe (1991) International Security, 16, pp. 114-161; Lake, D., International economic structures and American foreign economic policy, 1887-1934 (1983) World Politics, 35, pp. 517-543; Lake, D., (1988) Power, Protection, and Free Trade, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Layne, C., Realism redux: Strategic independence in a multipolar world (1989) SAIS Review, 9, pp. 19-44; Layne, C., The unipolar illusion: Why new great powers will arise (1993) International Security, 17, pp. 5-51; Lafeber, W., (1963) The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860-1898, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Levy, J., The diversionary theory of war: A critique (1989) Handbook of War Studies, , ed. Manus I. Midlarsky. Boston: Unwin Hyman; Levy, J., Domestic politics and war (1989) The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars, , ed. Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Levy, J., The causes of war: A review of theories and evidence (1989) Behavior, Society, and Nuclear War, , ed. Philip E. Tetlock, Jo L. Husbands, Robert Jervis, Paul C. Stern, and Charles Tilly. New York: Oxford University Press; Macdonald, D.J., (1992) Adventures in Chaos: American Intervention for Reform in the Third World, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Maddala, G.S., (1983) Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics, , New York: Cambridge University Press; Mansfield, E.D., Snyder, J., Democratization and the danger of war (1995) International Security, 20, pp. 5-38; Mearsheimer, J.J., Back to the future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War (1990) International Security, 15, pp. 5-56; Modelski, G., Thompson, W.R., (1988) Seapower in Global Politics, 1494-1993, , Seattle: University of Washington Press; Modelski, G., Thompson, W.R., (1996) Leading Sectors and World Powers: The Coevolution of Global Politics and World Economics, , Columbia: University of South Carolina Press; Muravchick, J., At last, pax Americana (1991) New York Times, pp. A19. , 24 January; Namenwirth, J.Z., Wheels of time and the interdependence of value change in America (1973) Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 3, pp. 649-683; Nordlinger, E.A., (1995) Isolationism Reconfigured, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Nye J.S., Jr., (1990) Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, , New York: Basic Books; Pollins, B.M., Global political order, economic change and armed conflict: Co-evolving systems and the use of force (1996) American Political Science Review, 90, pp. 103-117; Posen, B.R., Ross, A.L., Competing visions for U.S. grand strategy (1996) International Security, 21, pp. 5-53; Ruggie, G., Multilateralism: The anatomy of an institution (1992) International Organization, 46, pp. 561-598; Russett, B.M., Economic change as a cause of international conflict (1987) Peace, Defense, and Economic Analysis, , ed. Christian Schmidt and Frank Blackaby. London: Macmillan; Russett, B.M., Economic decline, electoral pressure, and the initiation of interstate conflict (1990) Prisoners of War? Nation States in the Modern Era, , ed. Charles S. Gochman and Alan Ned Sabrosky. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books; Schlesinger, A.M., (1949) Paths to the Present, , New York: MacMillan; Schlesinger A., Jr., (1986) The Cycles of American History, , Boston: Houghton Mifflin; Schlesinger A., Jr., Back to the womb? Isolationism's renewed threat (1995) Foreign Affairs, 74, pp. 2-8; Simmel, G., (1956) Conflict, , trans. K. H. Wolff. Glencoe: Free Press; Singer, J.D., Small, M., (1972) The Wages of War. 1816-1965: A Statistical Handbook, , New York: John Wiley and Sons; Singer, J.D., System structure, decision processes, and the incidence of international war (1989) Handbook of War Studies, , ed. Manus I. Midlarsky. Boston: Unwin Hyman; Smith, T.C., (1941) The United States as a Factor in World History, , New York: Henry Holt and Company; Smith, T., In defense of intervention (1994) Foreign Affairs, 73, pp. 34-46; Snyder, J., (1991) Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition, , Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Spykman, N.J., (1942) America's Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power, , New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company; Starr, H., Alliances: Tradition and change in American views of foreign military entanglements (1978) American Thinking about Peace and War, , ed. Ken Booth and Moorhead Wright. Sussex: Harvester Press; Starr, H., Revolution and war: Rethinking the linkage between internal and external conflict (1994) Political Research Quarterly, 47, pp. 481-507; Stimson, J.A., MacKuen, M.B., Erikson, R.S., Dynamic representation (1995) American Political Science Review, 89, pp. 543-565; Tyler, P.E., U.S. Strategy plan calls for insuring no rivals develop (1992) New York Times, pp. A1. , 8 March; Van Evera, S., Why Europe matters, why the Third World doesn't: American grand strategy after the Cold War (1990) Journal of Strategic Studies, 13, pp. 1-51; Van Evera, S., American intervention in the Third World: Less would be better (1991) Security Studies, 1, pp. 1-24; Walt, S.M., The case for finite containment: Analyzing U.S. grand strategy (1989) International Security, 14, pp. 5-49; Waltz, K.N., (1959) Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis, , New York: Columbia University Press; Weber, S., Does NATO have a future? (1992) The Future of European Security, , ed. Beverly Crawford. Berkeley: University of California Press; Wright, Q., (1942) A Study of War, , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Zakaria, F.R., (1998) From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Zuk, G., National growth and international conflict: A reevaluation of Choucri and North's thesis (1985) Journal of Politics, 47, pp. 269-281},
publisher={University of Wisconsin Press},
issn={00925853},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am. J. Polit. Sci.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zlotnik199921,
author={Zlotnik, H.},
title={Trends of international migration since 1965: What existing data reveal},
journal={International Migration},
year={1999},
volume={37},
number={1},
pages={21-61},
doi={10.1111/1468-2435.00065},
note={cited By 70},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033024065&doi=10.1111%2f1468-2435.00065&partnerID=40&md5=7e08d7a50e1214b0393c4e05b0374ec6},
affiliation={Mortality and Migration Section, Dept. for Economic and Social Aff., United Nations, New York, NY, United States},
abstract={Relying on data from a variety of sources, this article sketches the main trends of international migration during 1965-1996, thus documenting the changes that both the character and the direction of international migration have undergone over the course of time. In doing so, it provides a quantitative basis to assess the validity of certain common tenets regarding the evolution of migration at the end of the twentieth century. The article concludes that the changes observed are generally less striking than usually claimed, although major historical events, such as the end of the cold war and the transformations it entailed, have had a determining influence in shaping many of the key migration movements occurring since 1985. In particular, migration originating in the former Eastern bloc countries increased markedly and the dynamics of population mobility within the former Soviet space underwent important modifications. In addition, the end of the bi-polar era allowed the resolution of some long-standing conflicts that permitted the repatriation of large numbers of refugees. However, the proliferation of ethnic or civil conflict that has accompanied the nation-building process in several regions has led to a series of forced migration movements. These developments plus the social, economic and demographic differentials that persist between countries at different levels of development have continued and will continue to fuel international migration. By reviewing the quantitative evidence available at the regional level, this article sets recent developments in perspective.
This study examined international migration trends during 1965-96, by region, for 218 countries in 1985. Data were obtained from UN databases of national censuses. Findings indicate that migrants increased from 75 to 120 million during 1965-90 (an annual growth rate of 1.9%). The number of international tourists rose from 69 to 454 million during this period. The growth rate of tourists has declined over time, while the growth rate of international migrants has increased over time. Variation between countries in the proportion of international migrants increased over time. Women's participation in international migration rose slightly from 46.6% to 47.7% during 1965-90. 90% of the migrant stock was concentrated in 55 countries in 1990, an increase from 44 countries in 1965. The changes are attributed potentially to growing diversification of countries in level of development, their stage in the nation building process, and the degree of integration in the global economy. The market economy industrialized countries have absorbed a disproportionate share of the migrant stock, while experiencing declines in their share of global population. One out of every 13 persons living in the West is an international migrant. Net migration rates vary widely between Western countries. The number of persons seeking asylum in the West increased during the 1980s and in traditional countries of immigration. Some countries were the main sources of migrants to 7 receiving countries during 1990-94. Origins and destinations have diversified in all regions since 1965, and trends can change quickly.},
keywords={ethnic conflict;  historical geography;  international migration;  migration},
references={Bartram, D.V., Foreign workers in Israel: History and theory (1998) International Migration Review, 32 (2), pp. 303-325; Bohning, W.R., (1998) The Impact of the Asian Crisis on Filipino Employment Prospects Abroad, , SEAPAT Working Paper No. 1, South-East Asia and the Pacific Multidisciplinary Advisory Team, International Labour Office, Manila; Castles, S., Miller, M.J., (1996) The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, , Macmillan, London; (1995) Migrations et Urbanisation en Afrique de l'Ouest (MUAO): Résultats Préliminaires, , CERPOD, Bamako, Mali; DellaPergola, S., The global context of migration to Israel (1997) Studies in Israeli Society, 8. , E. Leshem and J. Shuval (Eds), New Brunswick; (1991) Statistisches Jahrbuch 1991 für das Vereinte Deutschland, , Wiesbaden; (1997) Statistisches Jahrbuch 1997 für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, , Wiesbaden; (1996) Immigration to Israel 1995, , Jerusalem; Lamb, S., Guatemalan exiles and returnees (1987) Refugees, (44), pp. 30-31; Migrants expelled from Gabon (1995) Migration News, 2 (3); (1997) SOPEMI: Trends in International Migration, Annual Report 1996, , Paris; (1993) Statistical Yearbook of Republic of Argentina, 1993, , Buenos Aires; Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat: Résultats Preliminaires, , n.d. Libreville; Russell, S.S., International migration and political turmoil in the Middle East (1992) Population and Development Review, 18 (4), pp. 719-728; Russell, S.S., International migration and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (1990) World Bank Discussion Papers, Africa Technical Department Series, 1. , Washington, D.C; Skeldon, R., (1997) Migration and Development: A Global Perspective, , Addison Wesley Longman, Harlow, England; Stalker, P., (1994) The Work of Strangers: A Survey of International Labour Migration, , International Labour Office, Geneva; World Population Trends, Population and Development and Population Policies, 1993 Monitoring Report (1985) Population Trends, 1. , Sales No.E84.XIII.10; (1990) World Population Monitoring, 1989, , Sales No.E.89.XIII. 12; (1996) Trends in Total Migrant Stock, Revision 4, , Database maintained by the Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, POP/1B/DB/96/1/Rev.4; World Population Prospects: The 1996 Revision (1996) Annex I: Demographic Indicators; (1996) World Population Monitoring, 1993: With a Special Report on Refugees, , Sales NO.E.95.XIII.8; (1996) World Population Monitoring 1997, Issues on International Migration and Development: Selected Aspects, , ESA/P/WP.132; (1994) Statistics Concerning Indo-Chinese in East and Southeast Asia for the Month of December 1993, , Geneva; (1996) Information Notes: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia, Nos. 3-4, , Geneva; Populations of concern to UNHCR: A statistical overview (1996) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, , 31 December 1995, Geneva; Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR: 1997 Statistical overview (1998) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, , Geneva; Consolidated country report (1996) European Series, 2 (1), pp. 17-50; (1995) World Refugee Survey 1995, , United States Committee for Refugees, Washington, D.C; (1998) World Refugee Survey 1998, , United States Committee for Refugees, Washington, D.C; Global Tourism Forecasts to the Year 2000 and Beyond (1994) Regional Forecasting Studies (Series): South Asia, 7. , World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain; Zaionchkovskaya, Zh.A., Population Migration as an Indicator of Social Situation in the Post-Soviet Space, , n.d. mimeographed; Zlotnik, H., South-to-North migration since 1960: The view from the North (1991) Population Bulletin of the United Nations, (31-32), pp. 17-37; Zolberg, A.R., International migrations in political perspective (1981) Global Trends in Migration: Theory and Research on International Population Movements, pp. 3-27. , Mary M. Kritz, Charles B. Keely and Silvano M. Tomasi (Eds), Center for Migration Studies, Staten Island, New York},
correspondence_address1={Zlotnik, H.; Chief, , NY, United States},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={00207985},
pubmed_id={12322071},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Migr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pearce199951,
author={Pearce, J.},
title={Peace-building in the periphery: Lessons from Central America},
journal={Third World Quarterly},
year={1999},
volume={20},
number={1},
pages={51-68},
doi={10.1080/01436599913910},
note={cited By 34},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032938687&doi=10.1080%2f01436599913910&partnerID=40&md5=dc44169060e2dc53d650e30929cfabe7},
affiliation={Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom},
abstract={This article seeks to clarify the conceptual usefulness of the concept of complex political emergency (CPE) through an analysis of the Central American conflicts and post-conflict reconstruction. It argues that CPEs are a distinct category of conflicts of the 1990s, characterised by state collapse/failure in countries with historically weak states and where the dynamic of globalisation has undermined the relevance of state- and nation-building to owners of capital and power. In addition, they coincide with the collapse of universal mobilising principles into multipolar struggles around particular interests. Central America, like many of the countries where the term CPE is applicable, is on the periphery of the global economy. Its civil war in the 1980s, however, was driven by qualitatively different factors. Nevertheless, Central America has been affected in the 1990s by the same forces which currently affect CPEs. These forces have seriously undermined the post-conflict reconstruction and peace-building processes in the region, despite a considerable and in many respects creative set of initiatives by international donors, particularly at the micro level.},
keywords={conflict management;  peace process;  state role, Central America},
references={Eade, D., Preface (1996) Development in States of War, p. 5. , D Eade (ed), Oxford: Oxfam; (1997) Complex Political Emergencies: From Relief Work to Sustainable Development?, p. 4. , Briefing Paper, November; (1997) The State in a Changing World, , New York: Oxford University Press; note; Vilas, C.M., (1995) Between Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Market, Slate, and The Revolutions in Central America, , New York: Monthly Review Press; Boone, C., States and ruling classes in Africa State Power and Social Forces, p. 142. , J S Migdal, A Kohli & V Shue (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Bratton, M., Peasant-state relations in post-colonial Africa: Patterns of engagement and disengagement State Power and Social forces, p. 231. , J S Migdal el al; Reno, W., Wars, markets and the reconfiguration of West Africa's weak states (1997) Comparative Politics, 29 (4); Duffield, M., (1997) Evaluating Conflict Resolution - Context, Models and Methodology, pp. 79-12. , Discussion Paper prepared for the Michelson Institute, Bergen, Norway, May; (1996) Meeting the Challenge of Globalization, , Washington, DC: World Bank; In Afghanistan, for example, it is UNDP which is the most articulate promoter of a state-building project; Pearce, J., From civil war to "civil society": Has the end of the Cold War brought peace, to Central America (1998) International Affairs, , June; note; This is the title of the World Bank Country Study of El Salvador published in Washington, 1996; Boyce, J.K., Introduction (1996) Economic Policy for Building Peace: The Lessons of El Salvador, p. 3. , Boyce (ed), Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner; Economic Policy for Building Peace: The Lessons of El Salvador; Segovia, A., Domestic resource mobilization Economic Policy for Building Peace, p. 123. , Boyce; Pastor, M., Contra, M.E., Distributional implication Boyce, Economic Policy for Building Peace, p. 157; Segovia, A., Macroeconomic performance and policies since 1989 (1989) Economic Policy for Building Peace, p. 57. , Boyce; Meeting the Challenge of Globalisation, , op. cit; Segovia, Macroeconomic performance and policies since 1989 (1989) Economic Policy for Building Peace, p. 56. , Boyce; Spence, J., (1997) Chapultepec: Five Years Later, , Cambridge, MA: Hemisphere Initiatives, January; Leogrande, W., Making the economy scream: US economic sanctions against Sandinista Nicaragua Third World Quarterly, 17 (2), pp. 329-348; (1993) USAID'S Strategy in Nicaragua, pp. 23-25. , Envio, May; Dye, D., (1995) Contesting Everything, Winning Nothing: The Search for Consensus in Nicaragua, 1990-95, , Cambridge, MA: Hemisphere Initiatives, November; Mundial, B., (1995) Nicaragua, Estudio de la Pobreza, Resumen Ejecutivo, , mimeo, Managua; Dye, Contesting Everything, Winning Nothing, p. 10; Contesting Everything, Winning Nothing; (1997) Central America Update, , 29 November-5 December; Spence, J., Chapultepec, p. 9; Williams, P.J., Walter, K., (1997) Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy, p. 169. , Pittsburgh, PA.: University of Pittsburgh Press; Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador's Transition to Democracy, p. 174; (1997) Central America., , Latin American Monitor, April; Spence, J., (1997) Democracy Weakened? A Report on the October 20 1996 Nicaraguan Elections, , Washington, DC: Hemisphere Initiatives and Washington Office on Latin America, 22 November; Cruz, J.M., González, L.A., Magnitude de la violencia en El Salvador (1997) Estudios Centroamericanos, p. 588; Pearce, J., (1982) Under the Eagle: US Intervention in Central America and the Caribbean, , London: Latin America Bureau; (1994) Third International Meeting of the CIREFCA Follow-Up Committee, 28 and 29 Jane, , mimeo, Mexico; note; Perez de Castillo, G., Fahlen, M., (1995) CIREFCA An Opportunity and Challenge for Inter-agency Cooperation, , Joint UNDP/UNHCR Review, mimeo, May; Larkin, M.A., (1994) Review of the CIREFCA Process, p. 14. , UNHCR, EVAL/CIREF, mimeo, May; Salvador, E.L., (1997) European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 63, pp. 49-66; Refugee Policy Group, RPG Contribution to the Assessment of PRODERE, Washington, DC, 22 December 1994; Sollis, P., Partners in development? The state, non-governmental organisations and the UN in Central America Third World Quarterly, 16 (3), pp. 525-542; Review of the CIREFCA Process; Larkin, Review of the CIREFCA Process, p. 53; Foley, M., Laying the groundwork: The struggle for civil society in El Salvador Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 38 (1), pp. 67-104; Cordero, R., (1996) Evaluation of the Reintegration Process of the CIREFCA Population in the Central and Northern Regions of Nicaragua, , mimeo, Managua, May; (1997) World Development Report 1997, , op cit; Duffield, M., Normalising, the crisis - From complex emergencies to social reconstruction (1997) The Politics of Emergence, , Jenny Edkins (ed), mimeo, Department of Government, University of Manchester, Manchester Papers in Politics, February; note; (1997) World Development Report, p. 18. , op cit; note},
correspondence_address1={Pearce, J.; Department of Peace Studies, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom},
issn={01436597},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Third World Q.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Emmerson199818,
author={Emmerson, D.K.},
title={Economic rupture as political Rorschach: Paradigmatic aspects of the East Asian crisis},
journal={Cambridge Review of International Affairs},
year={1998},
volume={11},
number={2},
pages={18-30},
doi={10.1080/09557579808400186},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066191340&doi=10.1080%2f09557579808400186&partnerID=40&md5=e5955568ea18ed2d9190779ce41d7c6b},
affiliation={University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States},
abstract={Summary: The paradigmatic significance of the East Asian crisis can be examined on the two major models used to analyse post-Cold War politics: Fukuyama's ‘End of History’ paradigm and Huntington's ‘Clash of Civilizations’ theory. Comparable to a Rorschach test in which a splotch of ink can be interpreted in many different ways, the crisis’ overall effect in auguring the evolution of political systems has been anything but clear. While the recent events in the region seem to lend more support to Fukuyama's thesis that the twin forces of democracy and capitalism, acting in conjunction to promote growth, will triumph across the region, it would appear that good governance as opposed simply to multiparty politics is the real key to resolving East Asia's crisis. Ultimately, the increasing interconnection of global economies resists any simple diagnosis of the origins or remedies of such crises. © 1998, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},
correspondence_address1={Emmerson, D.K.; University of Wisconsin-MadisonUnited States},
issn={09557571},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Camb. Rev. Int. Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Byus199849,
author={Byus, K. and Hanna, J.B.},
title={The compatibility of the marketing concept within the “classified” customer service culture of department of defense national testing laboratories},
journal={Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing},
year={1998},
volume={5},
number={4},
pages={49-68},
doi={10.1300/J054v05n04_04},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944227572&doi=10.1300%2fJ054v05n04_04&partnerID=40&md5=e47c198a069ca26cccaed1b62fbbfb5e},
affiliation={Northeastern State University, United States; Western Illinois University, United States},
abstract={The role of national defense research laboratories has dramatically changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the relaxation of “Cold War” imperatives. As these organizations are seeking new “market oriented” opportunities, the fundamental philosophy and culture of these organizations must be examined in order to determine if such firms, historically dependent on government awards and contracts, can effectively compete in the highly competitive global economy. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative compatibility of the marketing concept with the attitudes and customer service practices of one such highly confidential organization. By initiating such inquiry, it is hoped that other research and inquiry will be undertaken with the goal being to help transition the power of these basic and applied research facilities into the private sector more efficiently. © 1997 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={Achrol, R.S., Evolution of the Marketing Orientation: New Forms for Turbulent Environments (1991) Journal of Marketing, 55, pp. 77-93; Andelman, D.A., Privatizing Washington (1995) Management Review, 84, pp. 53-55; Military Center Becomes Technology Center (1994) Manufacturing Systems, 12, p. 6; Armstrong, J., Overton, T.S., Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys (1977) The Journal of Marketing Research, 14, pp. 396-402; Barksdale, H.C., Darden, B., Marketers' Attitude Toward the Marketing Concept (1971) Journal of Marketing, 35, pp. 29-36; Bell, M.L., William Emory, C., The Faltering Marketing Concept (1971) Business Horizons, 22, pp. 76-83; Berry, L.L., Service Marketing is Different (1980) Business, 30, pp. 24-29; Bitner, M.J., Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surrounding and Employee Responses (1990) Journal of Marketing, 54, pp. 69-82; Cowan, R., Foray, D., Quandaries in the Economics of Dual Technologies and Spillovers from Military to Civilian Research and Development (1995) Research Policy, 24, pp. 851-868; Deshpande, R., Webster, F.E., Organizational Culture and Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda (1989) Journal of Marketing, 53 (538), pp. 3-15; Dickson, P.R., Ginter, J.L., Market Segmentation, Product Differentiation, and Marketing Strategy (1987) Journal of Marketing, 51, pp. 1-10; George, W.R., Compton, F., How to Initiate a Marketing Perspective in Health Services Organizations (1985) Journal of Health Care Marketing, 5, pp. 29-37; Gifford, J.B., Thornton, R.L., Ralph Jones, H., A Comparison of the Attitudes of Practitioners and Business Students Toward Social and Economic Systems (1978) Collegiate News and Views, pp. 1-9; Grönroos, C., Relationship Approach to Marketing in Service Contexts: The Marketing and Organizational Behavior Interface (1990) Journal of Business Research, 20 (473), pp. 23-28; Gover, J., Corporate Management of R D-Lessons for the U.S. Government (1995) Research-Technology Management, 38, pp. 27-36; Hampton, G.M., Have Health Care Professionals Adopted the Marketing Concept? (1992) Health Marketing Quarterly, 10 (12), pp. 5-32; Hampton, G.M., Lane, E., Newspapers and the Marketing Concept: An Exploratory Study of the Attitudes of Newsroom and Management Personnel (1982) Proceedings, pp. 450-455; Jaworski, B.J., Kohli, A.K., MARKOR: A Measure of Market Orientation (1993) Journal of Marketing Research, 30 (606), pp. 467-477; Kohli, A.K., Jaworski, B.J., Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications (1990) Journal of Marketing, 54, pp. 1-18; Long, J., Research Funding Staunch Defenders (1995) Chemical Engineering News, 73; Lusch, R.F., Laczniak, G.R., The Evolving Marketing Concept, Competitive Intensity and Organizational Performance (1987) Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 15 (160), pp. 11-50; McNamara, C.P., The Present Status of the Marketing Concept (1972) Journal of Marketing, 36, pp. 50-57; Narver, J.C., Slater, S.F., The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability (1990) Journal of Marketing, 54, pp. 20-35; Norusis, M.J., (1990) SPSS Base System User's Guide,” Chicago; Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L., A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Further Research (1985) Journal of Marketing, 49, pp. 41-50; Payne, A.F., Developing a Marketing-Oriented Organization (1988) Business Horizons, pp. 46-53; Peterson, R.A., Wilson, W., Customer Satisfaction: Fact and Artifact (1992) Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20, pp. 61-71; Porter-O'grady, T., Restructuring the Nursing Organization for a Consumer-Driven Marketplace (1988) Nursing Administration Quarterly, 12, pp. 60-65; Schein, E., (1985) Organizational Culture and Leadership; Shostack, G., Designing Services that Deliver (1984) Harvard Business Review, 62, pp. 133-139; Shostack, G., Service Positioning Through Structural Change (1987) Journal of Marketing, 51, pp. 243-254; Slater, S.F., Narver, J.C., Does Competitive Environment Moderate the Market Orientation-Performance Relationship? (1994) Journal of Marketing, 58, pp. 46-55; Zeithaml, V.A., Parasuraman, A., Berry, L.L., (1990) Delivering Quality Service Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations},
correspondence_address1={Byus, K.; Department of marketing and meeting and destination management, , Tahlequah, OK 74464, United States},
issn={10495142},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nonprofit Public Sect. Mark.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zysman1998405,
author={Zysman, J. and Schwartz, A.},
title={Reunifying Europe in an emerging world economy: Economic heterogeneity, new industrial options, and political choices},
journal={Journal of Common Market Studies},
year={1998},
volume={36},
number={3},
pages={405-429},
doi={10.1111/1468-5965.00117},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0040680380&doi=10.1111%2f1468-5965.00117&partnerID=40&md5=0ea549f01297b2838752dde43d391501},
affiliation={Berkeley Roundtable the Intl. Econ., University of California, 2234 Piedmont No. 2322, Berkeley, CA 94720-2322, United States},
abstract={This article examines the industrial reintegration of central and eastern Europe into the broader European economy in the context of the emerging world economy. Since the Cold War, Europe's economic heterogeneity has sharply increased, making it comparable to Asia. And Europe as a whole must adapt to a global economy of three regional centres and industrial strategies implemented through International Production Networks (IPNs). The article asks whether policies favoring IPNs that link East and west can reconcile eastern industrial development with western prosperity and employment. Thus the eastward enlargement of the European Union, which has been driven primarily by security concerns, can also improve the region's competitiveness in global markets.},
references={Borrus, M., Left for dead: Asian production networks & the revival of U.S. electronics (1996) The China Circle, , San Diego: IGCC; Borrus, M., Zysman, J., Globalization with borders: The rise of wintelism as the future of industrial competition (1997) Industry and Innovation, 4 (2). , December; Blomstrom, M., Lipsey, R., Zejan, M., (1992) What Explains Developing Country Growth?, , NBER Working Paper No. 4132 (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research); Castells, M., (1998) Paths and Problems of the Integration of Post-communist Russia into the Global Economy: A Concept Paper, , Cohen et al. (1998); Cohen, S.C., Schwartz, A., (1998) The Tunnel at the End of the Light: Why Markets and Corporations Require Political and Institutional Foundations, , Cohen et al. (1998); Cohen, S.C., Schwartz, A., Zysman, J., (1998) The Tunnel at the End of the Light: Business Networks and Market Development in Russia, , forthcoming; Comisso, E., (1998) Implicit Development Strategies in Central East Europe and Cross-national Production Networks, , Zysman (1998); Eichengreen, B., Kohl, R., The state and the external sector in Eastern Europe: Implications for foreign investment and outward-processing trade (1997) Berkeley Roundtable Conference on the International Economy and the Kreisky Forum for International Dialogue: 'Will There Be a Unified European Economy? International Production Networks, Foreign Direct Investment, and Trade in Eastern Europe, , Vienna, 5-6 June; Ernst, D., What are the limits of the Korean model? The Korean electronics industry under pressure (1994) BRIE Monograph, , UC Berkeley, June; Fish, M.S., (1998) The Roots and Remedies for Russiaís Racket Economy, , Cohen et al. (1998); Gereffi, G., (1997) International Trade and Industrial Upgrading in the Apparel Commodity Chain, , Duke University, October; Graziani, G., (1998) Globalization of Production in the Textile and Clothing Industry: The Case of Italian FDI and Outward Processing in Eastern Europe, , Zysman (1998); Guerrieri, P., (1998) Trade Patterns, FDI, and the Industrial Restructuring of Central/ Eastern Europe, , Zysman (1998); Huber, P., Woergoetter, A., (1998) Russian Business Networks, , Cohen et al; Hunya, G., (1997) Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Modernization in the CEECs, , WIIW, mimeo; Kurz, C., Wittke, V., (1998) Using Industrial Capacities as a Way of Integrating Central-East European Economies, , Zysman (1998); Landesmann, M., (1998) East - West Integration: Vertical Product Differentiation, Wage Productivity Hierarchies, , Zysman (1998); Lemoine, F., (1998) Integrating Central/Eastern Europe in the European Trade and Production Networks, , Zysman (1998); Linden, G., (1998) Transformation in the Transition Economies: Electronics Networks in Eastern Central Europe, , Zysman (1998); Pisani-Ferry, J., (1998) Variable Geometry in Europe: Implications for External Relations, , Zysman (1998); Schwartz, A., Variations in property rights and foreign direct investment in Central/Eastern Europe (1997) Berkeley Roundtable and the Kreisky Forum, , Vienna, 5-6 June; Schwartz, A., (1998) The Best Laid Plan: The Unanticipated Evolution of Privatization in the Czech Republic, , University of California at Berkeley, forthcoming; Schwartz, A., Haggard, S., Privatization, foreign direct investment, and the possibility of cross-national production networks in Europe (1997) Berkeley Roundtable and the Kreisky Forum, , Vienna, 5-6 June; Soskice, D., (1993) Innovation Strategies of Companies: A Comparative Institutional Explanation of Cross Country Differences, , Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin, July. Incomplete draft cited with permission from the author; Sturgeon, T., Turnkey production networks in electronics: New opportunities for cross-border integration and economic development in Eastern Europe (1997) Berkeley Roundtable and the Kreisky Forum, , Vienna, 5-6 June; Sturgeon, T., (1997) Does Manufacturing Still Matter?: The Organizational Delinking of Production from Innovation, , BRIE Working Paper 92B; Sturgeon, T., (1998) The Rise of the Global Locality: Turnkey Production Networks in Electronics Manufacturing, , University of California at Berkeley, forthcoming; Van Tulder, R., Ruigrok, W., (1998) European Cross-national Production Networks in the Auto Industry: Eastern Europe as the Low End of the Car Complexes, , Zysman (1998); Weber, S., Zysman, J., (1998) Why the Changed Relation between Security and Economics Will Alter the Character of the European Union, , Zysman (1998); Zemplinerova, A., Benacek, V., (1997) Foreign Direct Investment - East and West: The Experience of the Czech Republic, , Prague, CERGE-EL and Charles University; Zysman, J., How institutions create historically rooted trajectories of growth (1994) Industrial and Corporate Change, 3 (1); Zysman, J., Doherty, E., Schwartz, A., (1995) Reorganizing the European Economy: Lessons of East Asia for Central/Eastern Europe, , BRIE Working Paper 83; Zysman, J., (1998) Will There Be a Unified European Economy? International Production Networks, Foreign Direct Investment, and Trade in Eastern Europe, , forthcoming},
correspondence_address1={Zysman, J.; Berkeley Roundtable the Intl. Econ., 2234 Piedmont No. 2322, Berkeley, CA 94720-2322, United States},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={00219886},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Common Mark. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Battersby1998473,
author={Battersby, P.},
title={Border politics and the broader politics of Thailand's international relations in the 1990s: From communism to capitalism},
journal={Pacific Affairs},
year={1998},
volume={71},
number={4},
pages={473-488},
doi={10.2307/2761080},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032452407&doi=10.2307%2f2761080&partnerID=40&md5=82f72547d59d7c3ff01a56cbef8f2ac3},
abstract={In the era of the so-called 'borderless world,' it is fashionable to regard the concept of territoriality as an anachronism. Plans to integrate the economies of countries sharing the resources of the Mekong Basin invite analysis in terms of the logic of globalization. Yet, as the recent history of relations between Thailand and neighbouring Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos emphasizes, secure borders are vital for the development of transnational economic linkages. For much of the cold war, military challenges to the power of central governments rendered the political map of mainland Southeast Asia a 'cartographic illusion.' States were politically divided, while poorly defined and porous borders were easily crossed by revolutionaries and refugees. Neutralizing the challenge for the Communist Party of Thailand in the early 1980s, the Thai State moved to establish political control over formerly contested frontier areas. Similar trends in Myanmar and Cambodia in the 1990s have made tactical assistance to separatist and antigovernment guerrilla armies in neighbouring countries redundant as an instrument of Thai national security policy. A pattern of territorial consolidation has emerged - assisted rather than hindered by the ongoing incorporation of mainland Southeast Asia into the global economy. As Thailand seeks to transform its borders from buffer zones into gateways for trade and investment in Indochina and beyond, so has the stricter regulation of cross-border capitalist activities become crucial to the achievement of this key regional objective.},
keywords={border region;  economic integration;  international relations;  trade bloc, Thailand},
references={Thompson, J.E., State Sovereignty in International Relations: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Empirical Research (1995) International Studies Quarterly, 39, pp. 213-233; The end of the nation state is proclaimed by liberal and Marxist world-systems theorists alike. A liberal perspective is offered in Kenichi Ohmae (1995) The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies, pp. 79-80. , London: Harper Collins; Derlugian, G.M., The Social Cohesion of States (1996) The Age of Transition: Trajectory of the World Systems, 1945-2025, pp. 163-172. , T. Hopkins, I. Wallerstein et al., eds., London: Zed Books; note; Wolters, O.W., (1982) History, Culture and Religion in Southeast Asian Perspectives, , Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; Winichakul, T., (1994) Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation, pp. 74-80. , Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press; Ohmae, End of the Nation State, p. 7; Suwannathat-Pian, K., (1995) Thailand's Durable Premier: Phibun Through Three Decades, 1932-1957, pp. 254-262. , Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press; Joo-Jock, L., (1984) Territorial Power Domains, Southeast Asia and China: The Geo-Strategy of an Overarching Massif, pp. 67-76. , Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University; Deutsch, K., (1988) The Analysis of International Relations, 3rd Ed., pp. 31-45. , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; Kerdphon, S., (1994) Botrian Khong Khrai (Whose Lesson ?), pp. 163-202. , Bangkok, self-published; Samudavanija, C.-A., Snitwongse, K., Bunbongkarn, S., (1990) From Armed Suppression to Political Offensive: Attitudinal Transformation of Thai Military Officers since 1976, p. 66. , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok: Institute of Security and International Studies; note; Sukhum, P., (1996) Sue Phai Phaendin (Fighting the Enemies of the Kingdom),, p. 192. , Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University; Brown, D., (1994) The State and Ethnic Politics in Southeast Asia, pp. 171-177. , London: Routledge; McCoy, A.W., (1994) Kaan Meuang Lae Heroine: Bon Thanon Sue Amnard Sai Diawkan (The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia: The Same Path to Power), pp. 455-458. , Phichit Wongwathana, trans. Bangkok: Manager Group; Smith, M., (1993) Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity, 2nd Ed., pp. 342-343. , London: Zed Books; Ratanachaya, K., (1995) Dap Fai Tai Kab Phak Kommunist Malaya (The Malayan Communist Party and the Suppression of Communism in the South), pp. 56-61. , Bangkok: Duang Kaew; Smith, Burma, pp. 27-38; (1994) Indochina Review, pp. 114-115. , Bangkok: Manager Group; note; Bangkok Post, , 3 March 1995, 1 February 1997; Bangkok Post, , 28 February 1997; Nuchpiam, T., Cambodia's foreign policy (1995) Asia Tawan Ork Chiang Tai: Nayobaay Taang Prathaet Nai Yukh Loekaphiwat (Southeast Asia: Foreign Policy in the Era of Globalisation), pp. 260-262. , Seeda Sonsri, ed., Bangkok: The Research Support Fund; The Australian, , 10 November 1997; The Nation, , 3 September 1997; Buszynski, L., New Aspirations and Old Constraints in Thailand's Foreign Policy (1989) Asian Survey, 29 (11), pp. 1059-1061. , November; Buszynski, L., Thailand's Foreign Policy (1994) Asian Survey, 34 (8), pp. 721-731. , August; (1996) Sethakit Seri, , September; (1996) Sethakit Seri, , December; Bangkok Post, , 29 May 1996, 25 June 1996, 18 September 1996; Mayoury, Ngaosyvathn, P., (1994) Kith and Kin Politics: The Relationship between Laos and Thailand, pp. 36-38. , Manila: Journal of Contemporary Asia Publishers; Vatikiotis, M., Shades of Suvanaphum: Thailand in the New Regional Order (1996) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Thai Studies, Globalisation: Impact on and Coping Strategies in Thai Society, pp. 273-283. , Chiang Mai, Thailand, 14-17 October; Kittikhun, Choamchai, P., Thailand and the Mekong Delta (1996) Thai Kab Phuen Baan (Thailand and Its Neighbours), pp. 11-21. , Ukrit Pathomanan, ed., Bangkok: Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University; Parsonage, J., Trans-state Developments in South-East Asia: Subregional Growth Zones (1997) The Political Economy of South-East Asia: An Introduction, pp. 248-249. , G. Rodan, K. Hewison and R. Robison, eds., South Melbourne: Oxford University Press; (1996) Thaan Sethakit, , 4-5 November; Thanphornphan, R., Udmwithit, K., Receipt of a proposal for northeastern development (1993) Matisamkhan Khong Khana Rathamontri Wa Duay Sethakit Yuk Phon Aek Chatiochai Choonhawan, Singhakhom 2531-kumphaphan 2534, (Cabinet Economic Resolutions in the Era of General Chatichai Choonhawan, August 1988-February 1991), pp. 83-84. , 8 April 1989, Bangkok: Institute of Policy Studies, Social Science Association of Thailand; (1996) Krungthaep Thurakit, , 19 August; note; (1996) Sethakit Seri, , December; Kikhunthod, S., All is not quiet on the Western Front (1996) Phujadkaan (The Manager), p. 11. , 25 December; (1997) Bangkok Post, , 25 February; Thongdee, C., (1996) Sue Yard Doi Nai Phama (To the Hills of Burma), pp. 58-64. , Bangkok: NK Books; (1996) Sethakit Seri, , December; (1998) Siam Rath Weekly Review, , 22-28 February 1998, 1-7 March; (1998) The Nation Weekly, , 19-20 March; (1997) Siam Rath Weekly Review, , 9-15 February; Phongphaichit, P., Piriyarangsan, S., (1994) Corruption & Democracy in Thailand, pp. 12-18. , Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books; (1996) Bangkok Post, , 24 June; (1997) Siam Rath Weekly Review, , 2-8 February; Mayoury, Pheuiphanh, Kith and Kin Politics, pp. 74-75; Evans, Crowley, (1990) Red Brotherhood at War: Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos since 1975, 2nd Ed.,, pp. 266-269. , London: Verso; (1998) The Nation Weekly, , 5-11 March, 19-25 March; (1996) Thaan Sethakit Weekly Review, , 28 September - 4 October 1996, 5-11 October; (1997) Thaan Sethakit, , 19-20 February; (1997) Bangkok Post, , 7 March; (1995) Siam Rath Weekly Review, , 13-19 August; Yongsiri, W., Thailand and Kampuchea Thai Kab Phuen Baan, pp. 94-97. , Ukrit, ed; (1997) Phuchadkaan (The Manager), , 21 January},
correspondence_address1={Battersby, P.; Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia},
publisher={University of British Columbia},
issn={0030851X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pac. Aff.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{MukumMbaku1997223,
author={Mukum Mbaku, J.},
title={Africa in the post-cold war era: Three strategies for survival},
journal={African and Asian Studies},
year={1997},
volume={32},
number={3-4},
pages={223-244},
doi={10.1163/156852197X00042},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248099899&doi=10.1163%2f156852197X00042&partnerID=40&md5=b3760481161d9c52cc6b74b8e59a1a27},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Weber State University, 3807 University Circle, Ogden, UT 84408-3807, United States},
abstract={This paper examines strategies for peaceful coexistence in the African countries, more effective participation of the African economies in the global economy, and sustainable economic growth and development in the new century and beyond. Three strategies are recommended: development in each country of an efficient and self-enforcing constitution; constitutional guarantee of economic freedoms, including the right of individuals to freely engage in exchange and contract; and a change in present trading patterns. Presently, most African countries export raw materials, forest products, minerals, and goods produced with cheap, unskilled and primarily uneducated labor. The paper recommends that African countries move away from specialization in the export of primary commodities towards specialization in the production of knowledge intensive goods using skilled and educated labor services. National policies in these countries should be directed at providing facilities for citizens to acquire the specialized skills and knowledge needed to help these countries switch to knowledge intensive industries. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1997.},
references={Fatton Jr., R., Liberal democracy in Africa (1990) Political Science Quarterly, 105 (3), p. 457; Mbaku, J.M., Africa then and now: The continuing struggle for peaceful coexistence (1996) India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 52 (1-2), pp. 115-136; Le Vine Victor, T., (1964) The Cameroons: From Mandate to Independence, , Berkeley, California: University of California Press; Cowen, D.V., (1961) The Foundations of Freedom: With Special Reference to Southern Africa, , for example, Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press; Decalo, S., The process, prospects and constraints of democratizatton in Africa (1992) African Affairs, 9 (362), p. 10; Nyerere, J., (1966) Freedom and Unity, , Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press; Krueger, A.O., (1992) Economic Policy Reform in Developing Countries: The Kuznets Memorial Lectures, pp. 7-8. , Oxford, UK and Cambridge, Massachusettts Blackwelll; Mbaku, J., Paul, C., Political instability in Africa: A rent-seeking approach (1989) Public Choice, 63 (1), pp. 63-72; Mbaku, J.M., State control, economic planning and competition among interest groups for government transfers (1991) The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 16 (2), pp. 181-194; Mbaku, J.M., Bureaucratic corruption in Africa: The futility of cleanups (1996) Cato Journal, 16 (1), pp. 99-118. , literature on corruption in Africa is quite extension. For a recent review, see; (1981) Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action, , World Bank, Washington, D. C.: The World Bank; (1981) The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000, , OAU, Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies; (1996) Annual Report 1996, , Constitutional Assembly of South Africa, Cape Town: Constitutional Assembly; (1993) Cameroon Life, p. 23. , July-August; Brennan, G., Buchanan, J.M., (1985) The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy, pp. ix-x. , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Mbaku, J.M., Preparing Africa for the twenty-first century: Lessons from constitutional economics (1995) Constitutional Political Economy, 6 (2), pp. 139-160; Mbaku, J.M., Post-independence opportunism and democratizatton in Africa (1995) The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 20 (4), pp. 405-422; Mueller, D.C., Choosing a constitution in east europe: Lessons from public choice (1991) Journal of Comparative Economics, 15 (2), p. 326; Ostrom, E., Schroeder, L., Wynne, S., (1993) Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Developmentt Infrastructure Policies in Perspective, , Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press; Trubek, D.M., Gallanter, M., Scholars in self-estrangement: Some reflections on the crisis in law and development studies in the United States (1974) Wisconsin Law Review, 4, pp. 1062-1102; Lowenberg, A.D., A post-apartheid constitution for south africa: Lessons from public choice (1992) Caro Journal, 12 (2), pp. 297-319; Wiseman, J., Principles of political economy: An outline proposall illustrated by application to fiscal federalism (1990) Constitutional Political Economy, 1 (1), pp. 121-122; Anderson, T.L., Hill, P.J., Constraining the transfer society: Constitutional and moral dimensions (1986) Cato Journal, 6 (1), pp. 220-253; Congleton, R.D., Constitutional federalism and decentrallzatton: A second best solution (1994) Economia delle Scelte Pubblice (Italy), 1, pp. 15-29; Wagner, R.E., Gwartney, J.D., Public choice and constitutional order (1988) Public Choice and Constitutional Economics, pp. 46-48. , James D. Gwartney and Richard E. Wagner Eds, Greenwich, Connecticutt JAI Press; Samuelson, P.A., (1971) Economics, , One of the earliest supporters of central planning is the U. S. economist, See his, 9th edition New York: McGraw-Hill; Mbaku, J.M., Levels of living in sahel West Africa since the 1960s (1989) Africa Insight, 19 (1), pp. 38-47. , For the poor performance of statism in post-independencc Africa, see; Mbaku, J.M., Africa after more than thirty years of independence: still poor and deprived (1994) Journal of Third World Studies, 11 (2), pp. 13-58; Gwartney, J.D., Lawson, R., Block, W., (1996) Economic Freedom of the World: 1975-1995, , Vancouverr British Columbia: Fraser Institute; Mbaku, J.M., Emerging global trade blocs and the future of african participation in the world economy (1995) Journal of Economic Integration, 10 (2), pp. 141-177. , A thorough review of the effect of emerging trade blocs on African participation in the new global economy is provided by; Mbaku, J.M., Changing global trade patterns and the further marginalizatton of Africa (1995) Business & the Contemporary Society, 7 (3), pp. 77-90; Boughton, J., The CFA franc: Zone of fragile stability in Africa (1992) Finance and Developmentt, 29 (4), pp. 34-36; Hine, R.C., Regionallsm and the integration of the world economy (1992) Journal of Common Market Studies, 30 (2), pp. 115-123; Davenportt, M., Africa and the unimportance of being preferred (1992) Journal of Common Market Studies, 30 (2), pp. 233-251; Johnson, O.E.G., Economic integration in Africa: Enhancing prospects for success (1991) The Journal of Modern African Studies, 29 (1), pp. 1-26; (1981) The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000, , OAU, Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies; Chichilnisky, G., Trade regimes and GATT: Resource intensive vs. knowledge intensive growth (1996) Economic Systems Merged with Journal of International and Comparative Economics, 20, pp. 147-181. , for example; Chichilnisky, G., Terms of trade and domestic distribution: Export led growth with abundant labor (1981) Journal of Development Economics, 8, pp. 163-192; McCloskey, D., (1985) The Applied Theory of Price, , for example, New York: MacMillan; Hochstein, A., (1993) Microeconomics: An Advanced Introduction, , Lewiston, New Jersey: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc; Lindert, P.H., Pugel, T.A., (1996) International Economics, pp. 106-108. , Chicago, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin},
correspondence_address1={Mukum Mbaku, J.; Department of Economics, 3807 University Circle, Ogden, UT 84408-3807, United States},
issn={15692094},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goldsmith199769,
author={Goldsmith, E.},
title={Development as colonialism},
journal={Ecologist},
year={1997},
volume={27},
number={2},
pages={69-76},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031446540&partnerID=40&md5=a87448a4cf3a700c5f5561a1052bdc93},
abstract={The massive effort to develop the Third World in the years since the Second World War was not motivated by purely philanthropic considerations, but by the need to bring the Third World into the orbit of the Western trading system in order to create an ever-expanding market for the West's goods and services and to gain a source of cheap labour and raw materials for its industries. This was also the goal of colonialism, especially during its last phase which started in the 1870s. For that reason, there is a striking continuity between the colonial era and the era of development, both in the methods used to achieve their common goal and in the social and ecological consequences of applying them. With the development of the global economy, we are entering a new era of corporate colonialism that could be more ruthless than the colonialism that preceded it.},
keywords={developing world;  development discourse;  economic development;  neocolonialism;  socioeconomic impact},
references={Partant, F., (1982) La Fin du Developpement, , François Maspero, Paris; Baker, R., Protecting the Environment Against the Poor (1984) The Ecologist, 14 (2); Magdoff, H., (1978) Imperialism: From the Colonial Age to the Present, , Monthly Review Press, New York; Fieldhouse, D.K., (1984) Economics and Empire, 1830 to 1914, , Macmillan, London; Platt, D.C.M., Economic Imperialism and the Businessman: Britain and Latim America before 1914 (1976) Studies in the Theory of Imperialism, p. 311. , Owen, R. and Sutcliffe, B., (eds.) Longman, London; Fieldhouse, D.C., Studies in the Theory of Imperialism, p. 4. , Longman, London; Lichtheim, G., (1971) Imperialism, , Penguin, London; Fieldhouse, D.C., Imperialism, p. 4; Danaher, K., Moore Lappé, F., Schurman, R., (1988) Betraying the National Interest, , Institute for Food and Development Policy, San Francisco; Colchester, M., Slave and Enclave: Towards a Political Ecology of Equatorial Africa (1993) The Ecologist, 23 (5); Dumont, R., (1988) False Start in Africa, , Earthscan, London; Bello, W., Cunningham, S., Rau, B., (1994) Dark Victory: The United States, Structural Adjustment and Global Poverty, , Pluto Press, London; Bello, W., Kinley, D., Elinson, E., (1990) Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, , Institute for Food and Development Policy, San Fransisco; Fieldhouse, D.C., Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, p. 4; Fieldhouse, D.C., Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, p. 4; Owen, R., Sutcliffe, B., Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, p. 5; Owen, R., Sutcliffe, B., Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, p. 5; Magdoff, H., Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines, p. 3; Payer, C., (1991) Lent and Last: Foreign Credit and Third World Development, , Zed Books, London; Rich, B., (1994) Mortgaging the Earth, , Beacon Press, Boston; Rich, B., The Cuckoo in the Nest: 50 Years of Political Meddling by the World Bank (1994) The Ecohgist, 24 (1), pp. 8-13. , January/February; Payer, C., The Ecohgist, p. 19; Hultgren, J., (1995) International Political Economy and Sustainability, , Oberlin College, unpublished},
issn={02613131},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ecologist},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Corbridge19977,
author={Corbridge, S.},
title={All change? Pangloss and the global political economy},
journal={Geographica Hafniensia},
year={1997},
volume={C7},
pages={7-14},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031409026&partnerID=40&md5=99bbe2cee8c32b7a06ff6e00394f15b4},
abstract={Corbridge paints a picture of an accelerating internationalization of capital during the recent centuries resulting in profound and continuing changes in the economic geography at the global scale. A bipolar world - North and South - is being replaced by a fragmented global economy operating under capitalist market rules. From an optimistic 'Panglossian' perspective of what Corbridge calls the new Right, this sweeping victory of 'the free market' is considered as the deathblow to dirigisme and state regulation of national economies. Instead, globalization based on free entrepreneurship and trade will stimulate economic growth and development and bring freedom for all, not the least for people in the South who have wrestled for so long with regulatory trammels. Moreover, free markets bring stability in both an economic and geo-political sense. New financial institutions are developed to cater for the risks of an increasingly complex and volatile world economy and the growing importance of transnational companies creates interdependencies between national economies in turn promoting global security: wars are marginalized to the peripheries of the world economy or to areas where ethnic identities are stronger that market identities. There are, however, a number of weaknesses to this overly optimistic and ideological perspective. Corbridge points to the devastating socio-economic consequences for some regions that are left behind by mobile capital, whether they have had a glorious past or have been marginalized areas in the South for centuries. In some of these places resistance by place-bound people see the light of the day; resistance taking new forms and seeking to create alternatives to the market rules of the day. Within its own logic of uneven development the global economy creates a need for regulation, for instance caused by protectionist tendencies in national economies due to massive imbalances in international trade, or inflation and debt crisis caused by massive expansion of credit monies in some of the worlds major economies. And moreover, the vision about the global free market seems to forget that large sections of society in industrialised as well as in developing countries have no access whatsoever to the blessings of the market simply because they are more or less economically marginalized. Providing access to education and health care for these impoverished masses should be a straightforward task for the state and not left to unresponsive market forces to fulfill. Corbridge also points to the fact that despite the continuing erosion of the nation state's regulatory capacity, existing centres of political power still seek to maintain their economic position by using state power in an international context.},
keywords={geopolitical relations;  Pangloss;  political economy;  theory},
issn={09086633},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Barry1997,
author={Barry, Dominick},
title={Launch services infrastructure: Commercial needs outstrip availability},
journal={Space Congress Proceedings},
year={1997},
page_count={4},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Proceedings of the 1998 35th Space Congress ; Conference Date: 28 April 1997 Through 1 May 1997;  Conference Code:48952},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031318928&partnerID=40&md5=9d24ebe468fa183a0932388877364537},
affiliation={Spaceport Systems Int},
abstract={With the virtual elimination of its cold war enemies combined with a political establishment preoccupied with budget cuts, commercial interests are being allowed to move to the forefront of the United States space launch industry, and the industry is transforming into another extension of the growing global economy. The identification and utilization of key resources maximizes the commercial providers' ability to deliver their product at the lowest possible cost at the optimal stage of the market demand. The need for infrastructure, more payload processing and launch site capacity, and access to key personnel at both ranges, will continue to be central to the success of commercial space launch ventures in the United States.},
keywords={Aerospace engineering;  Cost effectiveness;  International trade;  Marketing, Space launch industry, Launching},
correspondence_address1={Barry, Dominick; Spaceport Systems Int},
editor={Anon},
publisher={Canaveral Council of Technical Societies, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States},
address={Cocoa Beach, FL, USA},
issn={05846099},
coden={SPCPB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Space Congr Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stasiulis1997197,
author={Stasiulis, D.K.},
title={International migration, rights, and the decline of 'actually existing liberal democracy'},
journal={New Community},
year={1997},
volume={23},
number={2},
pages={197-214},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031410054&partnerID=40&md5=cc9e0ada03fdb89d9183a6c8c4193721},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada},
abstract={Theories of post-national rights for non-citizens presuppose a general trend in expansion of rights consistent with the growth of the post-World War Two welfare state. In the late twentieth century, the context for the negotiation of rights has altered dramatically, such that most governments in capitalist democracies have accepted the priority of deficit reduction and global competitiveness over the promotion of social and redistributive justice. As unemployment and insecurity of citizens within advanced economies have deepened, immigration, refugee and citizenship policies have become more restrictive. Restrictive policies are supported by first world citizens defending declining public resources against growing numbers of third world migrants, who are also ideologically construed as ethnic/racial cultural threats. Policies of border fortification against undocumented and autonomous migrants have a spillover effect, leading to violence and undermining social citizenship rights for permanent residents. The article concludes that in order for deterritorialised human rights to become a reality, the negotiation of transborder rights must deal with obstacles such as the reluctance of states to cede control over immigration and non-citizen rights, and the weakness of international human rights, migrant worker and refugee conventions. Most importantly, post-national rights will have to combat the illiberal tendencies of 'actually existing liberal democracies' which have been accepted, however reluctantly, as a condition for participation of states in the global economy. © 1997 Carfax Publishing Ltd, published on behalf of ERCOMER.},
keywords={international migration;  liberal democracy},
references={Van Amersfoort, H., Penninx, R., Regulating migration in Europe: The Dutch experience, 1960-92 (1994) The Annals of the American Academy, 534, pp. 132-146; Bacon, D., For an immigration policy based on human rights (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 137-153; Bakan, A., Stasiulis, D., Foreign domestic worker policy in Canada and the social boundaries of modern citizenship (1994) Science and Society, 58 (1); Bakan, A., Stasiulis, D., Making the match: Domestic placement agencies and the racialization of women's household work (1995) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 20 (2); Balibar, E., Is European citizenship possible? (1996) Public Culture, 8, pp. 355-376; Baubock, R., (1994) Transnational Citizenship: Membership and Rights in International Migration, , Aldershot: Edward Elgar; Bhabha, J., Embodied rights: Gender persecution, state sovereignty and refugees (1996) Public Culture, 9, pp. 3-32; Bhachu, P., The multiple landscapes of transnational Asian women in the diaspora (1996) Re-Situating Identities: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture, , V. Amit-Tali and C. Knowles (Eds.), Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press; Den Boer, M., Moving between bogus and bona fide: The policing of inclusion and exclusion in Europe (1995) Migration and European Integration: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion, , D. Thranhardt and R. Miles (Eds.), London: Pinter; Borowski, A., Richmond, A., Shu, J., Simmons, A., The International Movements of Peoples (1994) Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared, 1. , H. Adelman et al. (Eds.), Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Brubaker, R., Commentary: Are immigration control efforts really failing? (1996) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Burgers, J., Engbersen, G., Globalisation, migration and undocumented immigrants (1996) New Community, 22 (4), pp. 619-635; Calavita, K., U.S. immigration and policy responses: The limits of legislation (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; (1993) Guidelines on Women Refugees Fleeing Gender-Related Persecution, , Ottawa, March; Carens, J.H., Aliens and citizens: The case for open borders (1987) The Review of Politics, 49, pp. 251-273; Carens, J.H., Migration and morality: A liberal egalitarian perspective (1992) Free Movement: Ethnic Issues in the Transnational Migration of Peoples and Money, , B. Barry and R.E. Goodin (Eds.), London: Harvester Wheatsheaf; Carens, J.H., Immigration, political community, and the transformation of identity: Quebec's immigration politics in critical perspective (1995) Is Quebec Nationalism Just? Perspectives from Anglophone Canada, , J.H. Carens (Ed.), Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press; Cohen, R., Rethinking "Babylon": Iconoclastic conceptions of the diasporic experience (1995) New Community, 21 (1), pp. 5-18; Cornelius, W.A., Martin, P.L., Hollifield, J.F., Introduction: The ambivalent quest for immigration control (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Denis, C., "Government can do whatever it wants": Moral regulation in Ralph Klein's Alberta (1995) Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 32 (3), pp. 365-383; Denitch, B., Democracy and the new world order: Dilemmas and conflicts (1996) Social Justice, 23 (1-2), pp. 21-38; Diamond, S., Right-wing politics and the anti-immigration cause (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 154-168; Fraser, G., U.S. budget impasse a clash of visions this time (1995) Globe and Mail, , Toronto, 15 November; Freeman, G., Can liberal states control unwanted migration? (1994) The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 534, pp. 17-30; Garcia Y Griego, M., Canada: Flexibility and control in immigration and refugee policy (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Glenn, H.P., (1992) Strangers at the Gate: Refugees, Illegal Entrants and Procedural Justice, , Cowansville, Quebec: Les Editions Yvon Blain Inc; Testing France's conscience (1997) Globe and Mail, , Editorial, Toronto, 26 February; Hollifield, J.F., Immigration and republicanism in France: The hidden consensus (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Huysmans, J., Migrants as a security problem: Dangers of "securitizing" societal issues (1995) Migration and European Integration: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion, , D. Thranhardt and R. Miles (Eds.), London: Pinter; Isbister, J., Are immigration controls ethical? (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 54-67; Jacobsen, D., (1996) Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship, , Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press; Jonas, S., Rethinking immigration policy and citizenship in the Americas: A regional framework (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 68-85; Jonas, S., Dod Thomas, S., Editors' introduction (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 1-8; Joppke, C., Review of Thomas Faist, David Jacobsen and Marco Martiniello (1997) Contemporary Sociology, 26 (1), pp. 65-68; Koc, M., Globalization as a discourse (1993) Annual Meetings of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association, , paper presented to the June; Kymlicka, W., (1995) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Marshall, T.H., (1950) Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Martin, P., The United States: Benign neglect towards immigration (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Miliband, R., The new world order and the Left (1996) Social Justice, 23 (1-2), pp. 15-20; Miller, D., In defence of nationality (1994) Nations, Cultures and Markets, , P. Gilbert and P. Gregory (Eds.), Aldershot: Avebury; Overbeek, H., Towards a new international migration regime: Globalization (1995) Migration and European Integration: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion, , D. Thranhardt and R. Miles (Eds.), London: Pinter; Peirol, P., Ottawa eases rules for 7,500 refugees (1996) Globe and Mail, pp. A6. , 14 November; Penna, L.R., Some salient human rights in the UN Convention on Migrant Workers (1993) Human Rights of Migrant Workers: Agenda for NGOs, , G. Battistella (Ed.), Quezon City: Scalabrini Migration Center; Rea, A., Social citizenship and ethnic minorities in the European union (1995) Migration, Citizenship and Ethno-National Identities in the European Union, , M. Martiniello (Ed.), Aldershot: Avebury; Richmond, A.H., (1994) Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism and the New World Order, , Toronto: Oxford University Press; Rodriguez, N., The battle for the border: Notes on autonomous migration, transnational communities, and the state (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 21-37; Rogers, R., The future of refugee flows and policies (1993) International Migration Review, 26 (4), pp. 1112-1143; Salt, J., The future of international labor migration (1993) International Migration Review, 26 (4), pp. 1077-1111; Sassen, S., Beyond sovereignty: Immigration policy making today (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 9-20; Shohat, E., Stam, R., (1994) Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media, , London: Routledge; Simpson, J., Conservatism by any other name (1997) Globe and Mail, Toronto, pp. D4. , 29 March; Soysal, Y.N., (1994) Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Vickers, J., (1991) Women and the World Economic Crisis, , London: Zed Books},
correspondence_address1={Stasiulis, D.K.; Department of Sociology, , Ottawa, Ont., Canada},
issn={00479586},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New Community},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stasiulis1997197,
author={Stasiulis, D.K.},
title={International migration, rights, and the decline of 'actually existing liberal democracy'},
journal={Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
year={1997},
volume={23},
number={2},
pages={197-214},
doi={10.1080/1369183X.1997.9976586},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8844273514&doi=10.1080%2f1369183X.1997.9976586&partnerID=40&md5=04ea6d4318ae1a7191fa012b3522fe10},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada},
abstract={Theories of post-national rights for non-citizens presuppose a general trend in expansion of rights consistent with the growth of the post-World War Two welfare state. In the late twentieth century, the context for the negotiation of rights has altered dramatically, such that most governments in capitalist democracies have accepted the priority of deficit reduction and global competitiveness over the promotion of social and redistributive justice. As unemployment and insecurity of citizens within advanced economies have deepened, immigration, refugee and citizenship policies have become more restrictive. Restrictive policies are supported by first world citizens defending declining public resources against growing numbers of third world migrants, who are also ideologically construed as ethnic/racial cultural threats. Policies of border fortification against undocumented and autonomous migrants have a spillover effect, leading to violence and undermining social citizenship rights for permanent residents. The article concludes that in order for deterritorialised human rights to become a reality, the negotiation of transborder rights must deal with obstacles such as the reluctance of states to cede control over immigration and non-citizen rights, and the weakness of international human rights, migrant worker and refugee conventions. Most importantly, post-national rights will have to combat the illiberal tendencies of 'actually existing liberal democracies' which have been accepted, however reluctantly, as a condition for participation of states in the global economy.},
references={Van Amersfoort, H., Penninx, R., Regulating migration in Europe: The Dutch experience, 1960-92 (1994) The Annals of the American Academy, 534, pp. 132-146; Bacon, D., For an immigration policy based on human rights (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 137-153; Bakan, A., Stasiulis, D., Foreign domestic worker policy in Canada and the social boundaries of modern citizenship (1994) Science and Society, 58 (1); Bakan, A., Stasiulis, D., Making the match: Domestic placement agencies and the racialization of women's household work (1995) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 20 (2); Balibar, E., Is European citizenship possible? (1996) Public Culture, 8, pp. 355-376; Baubock, R., (1994) Transnational Citizenship: Membership and Rights in International Migration, , Aldershot: Edward Elgar; Bhabha, J., Embodied rights: Gender persecution, state sovereignty and refugees (1996) Public Culture, 9, pp. 3-32; Bhachu, P., The multiple landscapes of transnational Asian women in the diaspora (1996) Re-Situating Identities: the Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture, , V. Amit-Tali and C. Knowles (Eds.), Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press; Den Boer, M., Moving between bogus and bona fide: The policing of inclusion and exclusion in Europe (1995) Migration and European Integration: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion, , D. Thranhardt and R. Miles (Eds.), London: Pinter; Borowski, A., Richmond, A., Shu, J., Simmons, A., The International Movements of Peoples (1994) Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared, 1. , H. Adelman et al. (Eds.), Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Brubaker, R., Commentary: Are immigration control efforts really failing? (1996) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Burgers, J., Engbersen, G., Globalisation, migration and undocumented immigrants (1996) New Community, 22 (4), pp. 619-635; Calavita, K., U.S. immigration and policy responses: The limits of legislation (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; (1993) Guidelines on Women Refugees Fleeing Gender-Related Persecution, , Ottawa, March; Carens, J.H., Aliens and citizens: The case for open borders (1987) The Review of Politics, 49, pp. 251-273; Carens, J.H., Migration and morality: A liberal egalitarian perspective (1992) Free Movement: Ethnic Issues in the Transnational Migration of Peoples and Money, , B. Barry and R.E. Goodin (Eds.), London: Harvester Wheatsheaf; Carens, J.H., Immigration, political community, and the transformation of identity: Quebec's immigration politics in critical perspective (1995) Is Quebec Nationalism Just? Perspectives from Anglophone Canada, , J.H. Carens (Ed.), Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press; Cohen, R., Rethinking "Babylon": Iconoclastic conceptions of the diasporic experience (1995) New Community, 21 (1), pp. 5-18; Cornelius, W.A., Martin, P.L., Hollifield, J.F., Introduction: The ambivalent quest for immigration control (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Denis, C., "Government can do whatever it wants": Moral regulation in Ralph Klein's Alberta (1995) Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 32 (3), pp. 365-383; Denitch, B., Democracy and the new world order: Dilemmas and conflicts (1996) Social Justice, 23 (1-2), pp. 21-38; Diamond, S., Right-wing politics and the anti-immigration cause (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 154-168; Fraser, G., U.S. budget impasse a clash of visions this time (1995) Globe and Mail Toronto, , 15 November; Freeman, G., Can liberal states control unwanted migration? (1994) The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 534, pp. 17-30; Garcia Y Griego, M., Canada: Flexibility and control in immigration and refugee policy (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Glenn, H.P., (1992) Strangers at the Gate: Refugees, Illegal Entrants and Procedural Justice, , Cowansville, Quebec: Les Editions Yvon Blain Inc; Testing France's conscience (1997) Globe and Mail, , Editorial, Toronto, 26 February; Hollifield, J.F., Immigration and republicanism in France: The hidden consensus (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Huysmans, J., Migrants as a security problem: Dangers of "securitizing" societal issues (1995) Migration and European Integration: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion, , D. Thranhardt and R. Miles (Eds.), London: Pinter; Isbister, J., Are immigration controls ethical? (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 54-67; Jacobsen, D., (1996) Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship, , Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press; Jonas, S., Rethinking immigration policy and citizenship in the Americas: A regional framework (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 68-85; Jonas, S., Dod Thomas, S., Editors' introduction (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 1-8; Joppke, C., Review of Thomas Faist, David Jacobsen and Marco Martiniello (1997) Contemporary Sociology, 26 (1), pp. 65-108; Koc, M., Globalization as a discourse (1993) Annual Meetings of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association, , paper presented June; Kymlicka, W., (1995) Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; Marshall, T.H., (1950) Citizenship and Social Closs and Other Essays, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Martin, P., The United States: Benign neglect towards immigration (1994) Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, , W.A. Cornelius, P.L. Martin and J.F. Hollifield (Eds.), Stanford: Stanford University Press; Miliband, R., The new world order and the Left (1996) Social Justice, 23 (1-2), pp. 15-20; Miller, D., In defence of nationality (1994) Nations, Cultures and Markets, , P. Gilbert and P. Gregory (Eds.), Aldershot: Avebury; Overbeek, H., Towards a new international migration regime: Globalization (1995) Migration and European Integration: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion, , D. Thranhardt and R. Miles (Eds.), London: Pinter; Peirol, P., Ottawa eases rules for 7,500 refugees (1996) Globe and Mail, pp. A6. , 14 November; Penna, L.R., Some salient human rights in the UN Convention on Migrant Workers (1993) Human Rights of Migrant Workers: Agenda for NGOs, , G. Battistella (Ed.), Quezon City: Scalabrini Migration Center; Rea, A., Social citizenship and ethnic minorities in the European union (1995) Migration, Citizenship and Ethno-National Identities in the European Union, , M. Martiniello (Ed.), Aldershot: Avebury; Richmond, A.H., (1994) Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism and the New World Order, , Toronto: Oxford University Press; Rodriguez, N., The battle for the border: Notes on autonomous migration, transnational communities, and the state (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 21-37; Rogers, R., The future of refugee flows and policies (1993) International Migration Review, 26 (4), pp. 1112-1143; Salt, J., The future of international labor migration (1993) International Migration Review, 26 (4), pp. 1077-1111; Sassen, S., Beyond sovereignty: Immigration policy making today (1996) Social Justice, 23 (3), pp. 9-20; Shohat, E., Stam, R., (1994) Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media, , London: Routledge; Simpson, J., Conservatism by any other name (1997) Globe and Mail, pp. D4. , Toronto, 29 March; Soysal, Y.N., (1994) Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Vickers, J., (1991) Women and the World Economic Crisis, , London: Zed Books},
correspondence_address1={Stasiulis, D.K.; Department of Sociology, , Ottawa, Ont., Canada},
publisher={Carfax Publishing Company},
issn={1369183X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Ethn. Migr. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mengisteab1997111,
author={Mengisteab, K.},
title={New Approaches to State Building in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia's Ethnic-Based Federalism},
journal={African Studies Review},
year={1997},
volume={40},
number={3},
pages={111-132},
doi={10.2307/524968},
note={cited By 44},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011444643&doi=10.2307%2f524968&partnerID=40&md5=725b727761f375bc0b3c1c1905e302a1},
abstract={The end of the Cold War and the crisis of socialism (statism) have ushered in the emergence of a “new” cycle of capitalism, which is characterized by wide ranging deregulation, privatization and vigorous globalization of capital (Cox 1994; Bienefeld 1994; Barber 1995). With this unfolding order, the role of the state in economic activity, including its protection of the vulnerable segments of society either through direct redistributive welfare mechanisms or by encouraging poverty-reducing and labor-absorbing economic activities, has come under serious attack. An ideology of free market and open global competition that increasingly limits the role of the state in economic activity has risen to prominence. According to some, a unified global economy has emerged and the global system has already entered a postnational stage (Barber 1995). While recognizing the intensification of interdependence among countries, many disagree that such a transformation has already taken place in the global system (Underhill 1994; Holm and Sorensen 1995; Boyer and Drache 1996). In most developing countries, however, the role of the state has been reduced to essentially adjusting national economies to the global economy instead of autonomously charting its own development strategy. Under the new global order, development in Africa and in the rest of the countries of the South is widely viewed to rest largely on integration with the global economy. Policy measures that are believed to advance integration with the global economy, including promotion of exports, attraction of foreign investments, correction of macroeconomic imbalances and decontrols of prices, exchange rates and imports are almost universally promoted in these countries. © 1997, African Studies Association. All rights reserved.},
references={Amin, S., (1985) Delinking: Towards a Polycentric World, , London: Zed Books; Ayoade, J.A.A., State Without Citizens: An Emerging African Phenomenon (1988) The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, pp. 100-118. , in Rothchild, Donald and Chazan, Naomi (eds.), Boulder: Westview Press; Barber, B., (1995) Jihhad vs. McWorld, , New York: Random House; Bates, R.H., (1981) Markets and States in Tropical Africa, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Baxter, P.T.W., Ethiopia's Unacknowledged Problem: The Oromo (1978) African Affairs, 27 (308); Bienefeld, M., The New World Order: Echoes of New Imperialism (1994) Third World Quarterly, 15 (1), pp. 18-31; Boyer, R., Drache, D., Introduction (1996) States and Markets: The Limits of Globalization, pp. 1-27. , in Boyer, Robert and Drache, Daniel (eds.), London and New York: Routledge; Callaghy, T., The State and Development of Capitalism in Africa: Theoretical, Historical, and Comparative Reflections (1988) The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, pp. 67-99. , in Rothchild, Donald and Chazan, Naomi (eds.), Boulder: Westview Press; Connor, W., (1994) Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Cox, R.W., The Crisis in World Order and the Challenge to International Organization (1994) Cooperation and Conflict, 29 (2), pp. 99-113; Crummey, D., (1994) Ethnic Democracy? The Ethiopian Case, , paper presented at the 37th annual meeting of the African Studies Association, Toronto; Datta-Chaudhuri, M., Market Failure and Government Failure (1990) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4 (3), pp. 25-39. , (Summer); Dietz, L.J., Overcoming Underdevelopment: What Has Been Learned from the East Asian and Latin American Experiences? (1992) Journal of Economic Issues, 26 (2), pp. 373-383; Duncan, A., Howell, J., Assessing the Impact of Structural Adjustment (1992) Structural Adjustment and the African Farmer, pp. 1-13. , in Duncan and Howell (eds.), London: Overseas Development Institute, James Currey, and Heinemann; Edwards, S., Openness, Trade Liberalization, and Growth in Developing Countries (1993) Journal of Economic Literature, (9); Engedayehu, W., Ethiopia: Democracy and the Politics of Ethnicity (1993) Africa Today, 40 (2), pp. 29-52. , (Second Quarter); (1996) Ethiopia: Statistical Abstract, 1995, , Addis Ababa; Gerschenkron, A., (1962) Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, , New York: Praeger; Hardy, C., The Prospects for Intra-regional trade Growth in Africa (1992) Alternative Development Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 426-444. , in Stewart, Frances, Lall, Sanjaya, and Wangwe, Samuel (eds.), New York: St. Martin's Press; Hassen, M., (1994) Ethiopia Missed Opportunities for Peaceful Democratization Process, , paper presented at the 37th annual meeting of the African Studies Association, Toronto; Holm, H.-H., Sorensen, G., Introduction: What Has Changed? (1995) Whose World Order, pp. 1-17. , in Sorensen, Holm and (eds.), Boulder: Westview Press; Camdessus Cites Ways to Ease Transition to Market Economies (1993) IMF Survey, 22 (13), pp. 194-197; Closer Integration in Global Economy Vital for Africa (1995) IMF Survey, 24 (14), pp. 217-220; Jackson, R.H., Rosberg, C.G., Jr., Why Africa's Weak States Persist: The Empirical and Juridical in Statehood (1982) World Politics, 35 (10), pp. 1-24; Keller, E.J., The State in Contemporary Africa: A Critical Assessment of Theory and Practice (1991) Comparative Political Dynamics: Global Research Perspectives, pp. 134-159. , in Rustow, Dankwart A. and Erikson, Kenneth Paul (eds.), New York: Harper Collins Publishers; Krugman, P., Dutch Tulips and Emerging Markets (1995) Foreign Affairs, pp. 28-44. , (July/8); Lakew, W.G., Behind the News: Revolution in Ethiopia (1992) Capital and Class, 46 (Spring), pp. 7-25; McDonald, S., Learning a Lesson (1992) Africa Report, 37 (5), pp. 27-29. , (September/10); (1992) An Evaluation of the June 21, 1992 Elections in Ethiopia; Neuberger, B., Federalism in Africa: Experience and Prospects (1979) Federalism and Political Integration, pp. 171-188. , in Elazar, Daniel J. (ed.), Tel Aviv: Turtledove Publishing; Neuberger, B., State and Nation in African Thought (1994) Nationalism, pp. 232-235. , in Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony D. (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press; Nkrumah, K., (1970) Class Struggle in Africa, , New York: International Publishers; Ottaway, M., (1994) Democratization and Ethnic Nationalism: African and Eastern European Experiences, , Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council; Rothchild, D., (1968) Politics of Integration-An East African Documentary, , Nairobi: East African Publishing House; Rueschemeyer, D., Evans, P., The State and Economic Transformation: Toward an Analysis of the Conditions Underlying Effective Intervention (1985) Bringing the State Back In, pp. 44-77. , in Evans, P.B., Rueschemeyer, D., and Skocpol, T. 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issn={00020206},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr. Stud. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ginsburg19975,
author={Ginsburg, H.L. and Zaccone, J. and Goldberg, G.S. and Collins, S.D. and Rosen, S.M.},
title={Special issue on: The challenge of full employment in the global economy editorial introduction},
journal={Economic and Industrial Democracy},
year={1997},
volume={18},
number={1},
pages={5-34},
doi={10.1177/0143831X97181001},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20144373323&doi=10.1177%2f0143831X97181001&partnerID=40&md5=1d28f28b99fead4bc3d6e34ccaaaffaa},
affiliation={Brooklyn College, City University of New York, United States; Hofstra University, United States; Adelphi University, School of Social Work, United States; William Paterson College, United States; Columbia University, School of Social Work, United States; Department of Economics, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, United States},
abstract={Low unemployment and commitment to full employment were widespread after the Second World War. Today, there is mass unemployment and weak commitment to full employment, which is still necessary and attainable. This article discusses divergent concepts of full employment, its history and the impact of the global economy. We dispel the notion that Europe's high unemployment is due to labor market rigidity, that the US model is a good alternative and that technology has made work obsolete. Unemployment, both morally unacceptable and economically irrational, weakens welfare states. The global economy makes attaining full employment more difficult but not impossible. Political and economic strategies, needed at both national and international levels, are suggested, along with possible actions by intellectuals. © 1997 (SAGE, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi).},
references={Akyüz, Y., Cornford, A., International capital movements: Some proposals for reform (1995) Managing the Global Economy, pp. 172-196. , J. Michie and J. Grieve Smith (eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press; Butterfield, F., Prison: Where the money is (1996) The New York Times, p. 16. , 2 June (Section 4); Canova, T., The Swedish model betrayed (1994) Challenge, MAY-JUNE, pp. 36-40; (1994) Living at the Bottom, , New York: Center on Social Welfare Policy and Law; Cobb, C., Halstead, T., Rowe, J., If GDP is up, why is America down? (1995) Atlantic Monthly, OCTOBER, pp. 59-78; Collins, S., Ginsburg, H.L., Goldberg, G.S., (1994) Jobs for All: A Plan for the Revitalization of America, , New York: Apex Press},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={0143831X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Econ. Ind. Democr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Farber19971283,
author={Farber, D.A.},
title={Environmental federalism in a global economy},
journal={Virginia Law Review},
year={1997},
volume={83},
number={7},
pages={1283},
doi={10.2307/1073758},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346673033&doi=10.2307%2f1073758&partnerID=40&md5=ee2b50b0ea0edafd1bd7f4ebba2121ea},
abstract={Once upon a time, several kingdoms decided to end their trade wars. They created a centralized rulemaker with the authority to legislate against interference with trade. Over time, however, this power greatly expanded, partly because of creative judicial interpretations. By the end of the 1900s, the rulemaker was heavily involved in environmental regulation. Environmentalists applauded this expansion, while economists worried about excessive centralization. In the meantime, the rulemaker's judicial counterpart had become unexpectedly aggressive in striking down local regulations affecting trade. This development alarmed environmentalists, while economists applauded it as a triumph for free trade. To the dismay of legal formalists, constitutional text and original intent seemed forgotten. Whether they all lived happily ever after remains to be seen.},
references={Brennan, D.F., Trade and Environmental Goals at a Crossroads: Challenges for Global Treaties and National Environmental Regulation (1997) Int'l Env't Rep. (BNA), 20, p. 133. , Feb. 5},
publisher={University of Virginia},
issn={00426601},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Va. Law Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dreier1997235,
author={Dreier, P.},
title={Philanthropy and the Housing Crisis: The Dilemmas of Private Charity and Public Policy},
journal={Housing Policy Debate},
year={1997},
volume={8},
number={1},
pages={235-293},
doi={10.1080/10511482.1997.9521253},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0039187327&doi=10.1080%2f10511482.1997.9521253&partnerID=40&md5=31d60f449e9896dc0549bbe9fce1ca3d},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, Public Policy Program, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States},
abstract={American philanthropy has historically sought to address the nation's housing crisis, especially among the poor. This article compares private philanthropy's response to the housing crisis in two important eras of economic transformation: the period between the Civil War and World War I (the Progressive Era), when the United States was undergoing large-scale urbanization and industrialization, and the period from the 1980s through today, when the United States became integrated in a global economy and confronted the shock of deindustrialization, widening economic disparities, and deepening urban decay. Following the historical review, the article focuses briefly on the current housing crisis and the dilemmas that private foundations and nonprofit organizations face in trying to develop a coherent strategy to address the problem. It closes with a proposal for a partnership between private foundations and housing organizations that can address the need to change both public opinion and public policy toward housing.},
author_keywords={Nonprofit sector;  Policy},
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Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; Traynor, B., Community Development and Community Organizing (1993) Shelterforce, pp. 4-7. , March/April; Turner, M.A., Discrimination in Urban Housing Markets: Lessons from Fair Housing Audits (1992) Housing Policy Debate, 3 (2), pp. 185-215; (1993) A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in American Cities: 1993, , Washington, DC; (1995) A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in American Cities: 1995, , Washington, DC; (1994) Worst-Case Needs for Housing Assistance in the United States in 1990 and 1991, , Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; (1995) A Place to Live Is the Place to Start: A Statement of Principles for Changing HUD to Meet America's Housing and Community Priorities, , Washington, DC; (1992) Housing Initiatives Program: 1992 Survey, , Alexandria, VA; (1996) United Way in Housing/Community Development, , Alexandria, VA; (1994) Status and Prospects of the Nonprofit Sector: Report to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, , Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; Vale, L.J., Beyond the Problem Projects Paradigm: Defining and Revitalizing "Severely Distressed" Public Housing (1993) Housing Policy Debate, 4 (2), pp. 147-174; (1977) Robin Hood Was Right: A Guide to Giving Your Money for Social Change, , San Francisco; Vanhorenbeck, S., (1995) A New HUD? The Administration's Proposal, , Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress; Vidal, A.C., (1992) Rebuilding Communities: A National Study of Urban Community Development Corporations, , New York: Community Development Research Center, New School for Social Research; Vidal, A.C., Reintegrating Disadvantaged Communities into the Fabric of Urban Life: The Role of Community Development (1995) Housing Policy Debate, 6 (1), pp. 169-230; Walker, C., Nonprofit Housing Development: Status, Trends, and Prospects (1993) Housing Policy Debate, 4 (3), pp. 369-414; Wilson, W.J., (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Wilson, W.J., (1996) When Work Disappears, , New York: Knopf; Wolter, P., Consumer's Guide to Organizer Training (1991) Neighborhood Works, , October/November; Wolter, P., Tools of the Trade: A Resource Guide for Organizing Communities (1993) City Limits, pp. 60-69. , August/September; Wright, G., (1981) Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America, , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
correspondence_address1={Dreier, P.; Department of Sociology, , Los Angeles, CA, United States},
publisher={Fannie Mae Foundation},
issn={10511482},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Hous. Policy Debate},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mbaku1997223,
author={Mbaku, J.M.},
title={Africa in the post-cold war era: Three strategies for survival},
journal={Journal of Asian and African Studies},
year={1997},
volume={32},
number={3-4},
pages={223-244},
doi={10.1177/002190969703200304},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031401619&doi=10.1177%2f002190969703200304&partnerID=40&md5=b16e1c06b53e422dd970f35f805b437e},
affiliation={Department of Economics, Weber State University, 3807 University Circle, Ogden, UT 84408-3807, United States},
abstract={This paper examines strategies for peaceful coexistence in the African countries, more effective participation of the African economies in the global economy, and sustainable economic growth and development in the new century and beyond. Three strategies are recommended: development in each country of an efficient and self-enforcing constitution; constitutional guarantee of economic freedoms, including the right of individuals to freely engage in exchange and contract; and a change in present trading patterns. Presently, most African countries export raw materials, forest products, minerals, and goods produced with cheap, unskilled and primarily uneducated labor. The paper recommends that African countries move away from specialization in the export of primary commodities towards specialization in the production of knowledge intensive goods using skilled and educated labor services. National policies in these countries should be directed at providing facilities for citizens to acquire the specialized skills and knowledge needed to help these countries switch to knowledge intensive industries.},
keywords={development strategy;  economic growth;  human capital;  twentieth century, Africa},
references={Fatton Jr., R., Liberal Democracy in Africa (1990) Political Science Quarterly, 105 (3), p. 457; Mbaku, J.M., Africa Then and Now: The Continuing Struggle for Peaceful Coexistence (1996) India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 52 (1-2), pp. 115-136; LeVine, V.T., (1964) The Cameroons: From Mandate to Independence, , Berkeley, California: University of California Press; Mbaku, (1996) The Cameroons: From Mandate to Independence; Cowen, D.V., (1961) The Foundations of Freedom: With Special Reference to Southern Africa, , Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press; LeVine, (1964) The Foundations of Freedom: With Special Reference to Southern Africa; Decalo, S., The Process, Prospects and Constraints of Democratization in Africa (1992) African Affairs, 9 (362), p. 10; Decalo, (1992) African Affairs; Nyerere, J., (1966) Freedom and Unity, , Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: Oxford University Press; Decalo, (1992) Freedom and Unity, p. 10; Krueger, A.O., (1992) Economic Policy Reform in Developing Countries: The Kuznets Memorial Lectures, pp. 7-8. , Oxford, UK and Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell; Mbaku, J., Paul, C., Political Instability in Africa: A Rent-Seeking Approach (1989) Public Choice, 63 (1), pp. 63-72; Mbaku, J.M., State Control, Economic Planning and Competition among Interest Groups for Government Transfers (1991) The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 16 (2), pp. 181-194; Mbaku, J.M., Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: The Futility of Cleanups (1996) Cato Journal, 16 (1), pp. 99-118; (1981) Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Agenda for Action, , Washington, D.C.: The World Bank; (1981) The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000, , Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies; (1996) Annual Report 1996, , Cape Town: Constitutional Assembly; (1993) Cameroon Life, p. 23. , July-August; Brennan, G., Buchanan, J.M., (1985) The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy, pp. ix-x. , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Cowen, (1961) The Reason of Rules: Constitutional Political Economy; Mbaku, J.M., Preparing Africa for the Twenty-First Century: Lessons from Constitutional Economics (1995) Constitutional Political Economy, 6 (2), pp. 139-160; Mbaku, J.M., Post-Independence Opportunism and Democratization in Africa (1995) The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 20 (4), pp. 405-422; Mueller, D.C., Choosing a Constitution in East Europe: Lessons from Public Choice (1991) Journal of Comparative Economics, 15 (2), p. 326; Mueller, (1991) Journal of Comparative Economics; Ostrom, E., Schroeder, L., Wynne, S., (1993) Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective, , Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press; Brennan, Buchanan, (1985) Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective, p. 19; Trubek, D.M., Gallanter, M., Scholars in Self-estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States (1974) Wisconsin Law Review, 4, pp. 1062-1102; Brennan, Buchanan, (1985) Wisconsin Law Review; Brennan, Buchanan, (1985) Wisconsin Law Review, p. 26; Lowenberg, A.D., A Post-Apartheid Constitution for South Africa: Lessons from Public Choice (1992) Caro Journal, 12 (2), pp. 297-319; Lowenberg, (1992) Caro Journal; Brennan, Buchanan, (1985) Caro Journal, p. 22; Ostrom, Schroeder, Wynne, (1993) Caro Journal, pp. 43-72; Wiseman, J., Principles of Political Economy: An Outline Proposal, Illustrated by Application to Fiscal Federalism (1990) Constitutional Political Economy, 1 (1), pp. 121-122; Anderson, T.L., Hill, P.J., Constraining the Transfer Society: Constitutional and Moral Dimensions (1986) Cato Journal, 6 (1), pp. 220-253; Congleton, R.D., Constitutional Federalism and Decentralization: A Second Best Solution (1994) Economia Delle Scelte Pubblice, 1, pp. 15-29. , Italy; Wagner, R.E., Gwartney, J.D., Public Choice and Constitutional Order (1988) Public Choice and Constitutional Economics, pp. 46-48. , James D. Gwartney and Richard E. Wagner (Eds), Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press; Wagner, Gwartney, (1988) Public Choice and Constitutional Economics, , Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press; Samuelson, P.A., (1971) Economics, 9th Edition, , New York: McGraw-Hill; Mbaku, J.M., Levels of Living in Sahel West Africa since the 1960s (1989) Africa Insight, 19 (1), pp. 38-47; Mbaku, J.M., Africa after More Than Thirty Years of Independence: Still Poor and Deprived (1994) Journal of Third World Studies, 11 (2), pp. 13-58; Gwartney, J.D., Lawson, R., Block, W., (1996) Economic Freedom of the World: 1975-1995, , Vancouver, British Columbia: Fraser Institute; Gwartney, Lawson, Block, (1996) Economic Freedom of the World: 1975-1995; Mbaku, J.M., Emerging Global Trade Blocs and the Future of African Participation in the World Economy (1995) Journal of Economic Integration, 10 (2), pp. 141-177; Mbaku, J.M., Changing Global Trade Patterns and the Further Marginalization of Africa (1995) Business & the Contemporary Society, 7 (3), pp. 77-90; Boughton, J., The CFA Franc: Zone of Fragile Stability in Africa (1992) Finance and Development, 29 (4), pp. 34-36; Hine, R.C., Regionalism and the Integration of the World Economy (1992) Journal of Common Market Studies, 30 (2), pp. 115-123; Davenport, M., Africa and the Unimportance of Being Preferred (1992) Journal of Common Market Studies, 30 (2), pp. 233-251; Johnson, O.E.G., Economic Integration in Africa: Enhancing Prospects for Success (1991) The Journal of Modern African Studies, 29 (1), pp. 1-26; (1981) The Lagos Plan of Action for the Economic Development of Africa 1980-2000, , Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies; Chichilnisky, G., Trade Regimes and GATT: Resource Intensive vs. Knowledge Intensive Growth (1996) Economic Systems Merged with Journal of International and Comparative Economics, 20, pp. 147-181; Chichilnisky, G., Terms of Trade and Domestic Distribution: Export Led Growth with Abundant Labor (1981) Journal of Development Economics, 8, pp. 163-192; Chichilnisky, (1996) Journal of Development Economics, p. 149; Chichilnisky, (1996) Journal of Development Economics; Chichilnisky, (1996) Journal of Development Economics; McCloskey, D., (1985) The Applied Theory of Price, , New York: MacMillan; Hochstein, A., (1993) Microeconomics: An Advanced Introduction, , Lewiston, New Jersey: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc; Chichilnisky, (1981) Microeconomics: An Advanced Introduction; Lindert, P.H., Pugel, T.A., (1996) International Economics, pp. 106-108. , Chicago, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin; Lindert, Pugel, (1996) International Economics; Chichilnisky, (1996) International Economics; Ostrom, Schroeder, Wynne, (1993) International Economics},
correspondence_address1={Mbaku, J.M.; Department of Economics, 3807 University Circle, Ogden, UT 84408-3807, United States},
publisher={Brill Academic Publishers},
issn={00219096},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Asian Afr. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{MacinnisRJr.1997,
author={Macinnis R Jr.},
title={Mandela calls for greater commitment and leadership in fighting AIDS. The World Economic Forum -- Policy and business in a world of HIV / AIDS.},
journal={AIDSlink : Eastern, Central & Southern Africa},
year={1997},
number={43},
pages={1, 3},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030621787&partnerID=40&md5=9daccf94624bbb3f5f822f9992364b2c},
abstract={The 27th annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on February 3, 1997, was attended by 2000 political and financial leaders of countries and businesses around the world. The forum is the world's largest annual gathering of economic and political dignitaries. In his address to the forum, Nelson Mandela, president of South Africa, called for a global effort against AIDS and a strengthening of the world's political and business leaders' commitment against HIV/AIDS. The disease is creating global economic problems by affecting people in their prime productive and reproductive years. Mandela criticized political leaders for their limited actions in addressing the AIDS pandemic and called upon the world's business community to support government AIDS programs and help people affected by AIDS. All sectors and all spheres of society must be involved as equal partners in the war against HIV/AIDS, for neither the health sector nor government can meet the challenge on its own. If current HIV/AIDS trends continue in South Africa, AIDS will cost the country 1% of its domestic gross product by the year 2005, and up to 75% of the country's budget will be consumed by direct health costs related to HIV/AIDS. At a panel discussion preceding President Mandela's address, Dr. Peter Piot, executive director of UNAIDS, argued that the AIDS pandemic could have a devastating effect upon the global economy and urged business leaders to take strong action against the disease.},
keywords={acquired immune deficiency syndrome;  Africa;  Africa south of the Sahara;  article;  attitude to health;  commercial phenomena;  Commercial Sector;  Conferences And Congresses;  Critique;  developing country;  Diseases;  Economic Factors;  economics;  English Speaking Africa;  epidemic;  evaluation;  general aspects of disease;  government;  health service;  Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  industry;  Influentials;  interpersonal communication;  Knowledge Sources;  leadership;  Macroeconomic Factors;  Needs;  organization;  policy;  Political Factors;  politics;  South Africa;  Southern Africa;  Viral Diseases;  virus infection;  World, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome;  Africa;  Africa South Of The Sahara;  Commerce;  Commercial Sector;  Communication;  Conferences And Congresses;  Critique;  Developing Countries;  Diseases;  Economic Factors;  English Speaking Africa;  Epidemics;  Government;  Hiv Infections;  Industry;  Influentials;  Knowledge Sources;  Macroeconomic Factors;  Needs;  Policy;  Political Factors;  South Africa;  Southern Africa;  Viral Diseases;  World, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome;  Africa;  Africa South of the Sahara;  Africa, Southern;  Commerce;  Communication;  Congresses;  Developing Countries;  Disease;  Disease Outbreaks;  Economics;  Evaluation Studies;  Government;  Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice;  Health Services Needs and Demand;  HIV Infections;  Industry;  Leadership;  Politics;  Public Policy;  South Africa;  Virus Diseases},
correspondence_address1={Macinnis R},
issn={08563969},
pubmed_id={12321752},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIDSlink},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Michalak1997264,
author={Michalak, W. and Gibb, R.},
title={Trading blocs and multilateralism in the world economy},
journal={Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
year={1997},
volume={87},
number={2},
pages={264-279},
doi={10.1111/0004-5608.872053},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001400514&doi=10.1111%2f0004-5608.872053&partnerID=40&md5=251bd83ab425e28c878e222ecb2684eb},
affiliation={School of Applied Geography, Ryerson Polytechnic University, Canada; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; School of Applied Geography, Ryerson Polytechnic University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ont. M5B 2K3, Canada; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom},
abstract={The resurgence of continental trading blocs throughout the 1980s will influence the nature and evolution of the world economy in the 1990s and beyond. In this paper, we argue that classical economic analysis of trading blocs is inconclusive, and regionalism cannot be understood in economic terms alone. We focus on an examination of the relationship that exists between trading bloc formation and more fundamental economic and social trends taking place in the industrialized economies since the Second World War. Our contention is that regionalism represents one of the most fundamental restructuring processes affecting the world economy since the principles of international trade were established at the Bretton Woods Conference. Regionalism and multilateralism represent competing, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, principles underpinning economic integration and trade in the global economy. The end products of this competition are the two potentially complementary, spatial processes of trade bloc formation and globalization. Consequently, not only globalization but also regionalism are at the center of the economic transformation of contemporary industrial society and changing international relations.},
author_keywords={Globalization;  Multilateralism;  Regionalism;  Trade;  Trading blocs},
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Blackhurst, New York: GATT Secretariat, Harvester-Wheatsheaf; McConnell, J., MacPherson, A., The North American Free Trade Area: An Overview of Issues and Prospects (1994) Continental Trading Blocs: The Growth of Regionalism in the World Economy, pp. 163-187. , ed. R. A. Gibb and W. Z. Michalak, London: Wiley; Moulert, F., Swyngedouw, E.A., Survey 15:A Regulation Approach to the Geography of Flexible Production Systems (1989) Environment and Planning D. Society and Space, 7, pp. 327-345; Nader, R., (1993) The Case Against Free Trade: GATT, NAFTA, and the Globalization of Corporate Power, , San Francisco: Earth Island Press; (1993) Assessing the Effects of the Uruguay Round, Trade Policy Issues 2, , Paris: OECD; (1993) Trade Liberalisation: the Global Economic Implications, , Paris: OECD and the World Bank; Pangestu, M., Soesastro, H., Ahmed, M., A New Look at Intra-ASEAN Economic Cooperation (1992) ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 8, pp. 333-352; Patterson, G., (1966) Discrimination in International Trade. The Policy Issues 1945- 1965, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Peck, J., Tickell, A., Neoliberalism and Global-Local Disorder (1994) Area, 26, pp. 317-326; Piore, M.J., Sabel, C., (1984) The Second Industrial Divide, , New York: Basic Books; Planque, B., Integration of the European Market and Regional Development: A French Perspective (1993) Built Environment, 19, pp. 16-25; Pollert, A., Dismantling Flexibility (1988) Capital and Class, 34, pp. 42-75; Preeg, E.M., The GATT Trading System in Transition: An Analytic Survey of Recent Literature (1989) Washington Quarterly, 12, pp. 201-213; Robertson, R., (1992) Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, , London: Sage; Ruggiero, R., (1995) Growing Complexity in International Economic Relations Demands Broadening and Deepening of Multilateral Trading System, , WTO Director General, press release 25, 16 October; Rugman, A.M., Verbeke, A., (1990) Global Corporate Strategy and Trade Policy, , London: Routledge; Sabel, C., Zeitlin, J., Historical Alternatives to Mass Production: Politics, Markets and Technology in Nineteenth- Century Industrialisation (1985) Past and Present, 108, pp. 133-176; Sapir, A., Regionalism and the New Theory of International Trade: Do the Bells Toll for the GATT? A European Outlook (1993) The World Economy, 16, pp. 423-438; Saxonhouse, G.R., Trading Blocs and East Asia (1993) New Dimensions in Regional Integration, pp. 388-416. , ed. J. de Melo and A. Panagariya, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Sayer, A., Postfordism in Question (1989) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 13, pp. 666-695; Scherer, F.M., Belous, R.S., (1994) Unfinished Task: The New International Trade Theory and the Post-Uruguay Round Challenges, , British-North American Committee, Issues Paper No.3. Toronto: C.D.Howe Institute; Schott, J.J., (1990) Completing the Uruguay Round: A Results-Oriented Approach to the GATT Trade Negotiations, , Washington: Institute for International Economics; Scott, A.J., (1988) New Industrial Spaces: Flexible Production and Regional Economic Development in the USA and Western Europe, , London: Pion; Sopiee, N., See, C.L., Jin, L.S., (1987) ASEAN at the Crossroads: Obstacles, Options and Opportunities, , Kuala Lumpur: ISIS; Storper, M., The Limits to Globalization: Technology Districts and International Trade (1992) Economic Geography, 68, pp. 60-93; Regional 'Worlds' of Production: Learning and Innovation in the Technology Districts of France, Italy and the USA (1993) Regional Studies, 27, pp. 433-455; Walker, R., (1989) The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology, and Industrial Growth, , Oxford: Blackwell; Summers, L., Regionalism and the World Trading System (1991) Federal Reserve Bank, Policy Implications of Trade and Currency Zones, pp. 295-302. , Kansas City: Federal Reserve Bank; Thrift, N.J., The Perils of the International Financial System (1990) Environment and Planning A, 22, pp. 1135-1136; Globalization, Regulation, Urbanization: The Case of the Netherlands (1994) Urban Studies, 31, pp. 365-380; Thurow, L., (1992) Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle among Japan, Europe, and America, , New York: Morrow; Tickell, A., Peck, J.A., Accumulation, Regulation and the Geographies of Post-Fordism: Missing Links in Regulationist Research (1992) Progress in Human Geography, 16, pp. 190-218; Social Regulation after Fordism: Regulation Theory, Neo-liberalism and the Global-Local Nexus (1995) Economy and Society, 24, pp. 357-386; Tovias, A., A Survey of the Theory of Economic Integration (1991) Journal of European Integration, 15, pp. 5-23; Tyson, L., (1987) Creating Advantage: Strategic Policy for National Competitiveness., , Berkeley Round table on the International Economy Working Paper. Berkeley: BRIE; (1992) Who's Basing Whom? Trade Conflicts in High-Technology Industries, , Washington: Institute for International Economics; (1990) Regional Trading Blocs: A Threat to the Multilateral Trading System?, , New York: UN Department of International and Social Affairs; (1990) Regional Economic Integration and Trans-national Corporations in the 1990s: Europe 1992, North America, and Developing Countries, , Centre on Transnational Corporations Current Studies No.15. New York: UNCTC; (1990) Transnational Corporations, Services and the Uruguay Round, , New York: UNCTC; Viner, J., (1950) The Customs Union Issue, , New York: Carnegie Endowment for World Peace; Webber, M.J., The Contemporary Transitton (1991) Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9, pp. 165-182; Winters, L.A., The European Community: A Case of Successful Integration? (1993) New Dimensions in Regional Integration, pp. 202-225. , ed. J. de Melo and A. Panagariya, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Wise, M., Gibb, R.A., (1993) From Single Market to Social Europe: The European Community in the 1990s, , London: Longman; Wolff, A.W., Howell, T.R., Japan (1992) Conflict among Nations: Trade Policies in the 1990s, pp. 45-144. , ed. T. R. Howell; A. W Wolff; B. L. Barlett; and R. M. Gadbaw, Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Woolcock, S., The European acquis and Multilateral Trade Rules: Are They Compatible? (1993) Journal of the Common Market Studies, 31, pp. 539-558; (1994) The WTO Agreement: Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, , Geneva: WTO; (1995) Regionalism and the World Trading System, , Geneva, WTO; Yoshida, M., Akimune, I., Nohara, M., Sato, K., Regional Economic Integration in East Asia: Special Features and Policy Implications (1994) Trade Blocs? The Future of Regional Integration, pp. 59-108. , ed. V. Cable and D. Henderson London: Royal Institute of International Affairs},
correspondence_address1={Michalak, W.; School of Applied Geography, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ont. M5B 2K3, Canada; email: michalak@acs.ryerson.ca},
publisher={Routledge},
issn={00045608},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Abshire199613,
author={Abshire, D.M.},
title={Globalization: an overall perspective},
journal={International Textile Manufacturing},
year={1996},
volume={19},
pages={13-15},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030440443&partnerID=40&md5=7d0ca730431c5e9461a775d091c52f6c},
affiliation={CSIS Washington DC USA, United States},
abstract={Following an introductory review of the changes in geo-politics and geo-economics since the close of the Cold War, the globalisation of businesses is discussed. It is suggested that the coming 25 years will see a continuation of the current trend towards even greater globalisation which will offer the promise of a more responsive, more productive global economy accessible to the whole world. The initiatives being promoted by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), to advance globalisation through business leaders working in teams with partners in developing countries, are also covered.},
keywords={economic information;  management},
correspondence_address1={CSIS Washington DC USAUnited States},
issn={10129545},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{IqbalAnjum199653,
author={Iqbal Anjum, M.},
title={Eternal Challenge of Islamic Economics to Capitalism and Communism},
journal={Humanomics},
year={1996},
volume={12},
number={1},
pages={53-90},
doi={10.1108/eb018771},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992996731&doi=10.1108%2feb018771&partnerID=40&md5=ce9db5809506230378b16bfd9ecf5e23},
affiliation={International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan},
abstract={Capitalism is fundamentally an economics of producers that has always served the cause of producers. Its special concern for economizing the production process in the guise of economic efficiency went always in favor of producers at the cost of interests of workers and consumers thereby creating a strong sense of economic deprivation in the conscience of workers and low-income consumers who generally constitute the majority of the population in almost all the developed countries including the United States of America. It is this growing sense of economic deprivation that can be easily observed, especially in the big cities of the United States of America, as a catalyst for Marxist reaction. The Marxist fruit of Capitalist international economics appeared in the form of cold war within the global economy between the rich and the poor countries. Keeping in view the historical dynamics of Marxist movement, twentieth century Capitalist economists have consciously started to counter the threat of Marxism by incorporating in economics the extensive analysis of issues such as social welfare function, interdependent utility functions, intertemporal utility functions, equity in distribution, unemployment insurance, economic development, labor unionism, full-employment of labor, economic rents, consumer protectionism etc. in the form of labor economics, public sector economics and development economics. It was no doubt a Capitalists' cleverish attempt to redress the grievances, mainly resulting from market failures, of the economically depressed classes within the Capitalist system. So far problems of the depressed classes could not be solved and are not at all expected to be fully solved within the original Capitalistic framework due to its inherent exploitative tendencies. © 1996, MCB UP Limited},
references={Afzalur, R., (1986) Economic Doctrines of Islam, pp. 122-144. , London: Muslim Educational Trust; Branson, W., (1989) H.,Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, , 3rd ed.,New York: Harper Row Publishers; Chapra, M., Umar (1979) Objectives of the Islamic Order, , Leicester (UK): Islamic Foundation; Fischer, S., Dombusch, R., (1994) Macroeconomics, , 6th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc; Iqbal, M., Ethico-Economic System of Islam mimeograph, Islamabad (Pakistan): International Institute of Islamic Economics; Khan, M.A., (1989) Economic Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), , Islamabad: (Pakistan): International Institute of Islamic Economics; Khan, M.F., (1988) Distribution in MacroeconomicFramework: An Islamic Perspective, , Islamabad (Pakistan): International Institute of Islamic Economics; (1983) Muashyat-i-Islam, , Mawdudi, Sayyid Abul A'ala, Lahore (Pakistan): Islamic Publications Ltd.; Saheeh Muslim, 1. , Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjaj Al-Qasheri, Beruit (Lebnan): Dar Ahya Al-Turas; Saheeh Muslim, (3). , Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjij Al Qasheri, Beruit (Lebnan): Dar Ahya Al-Turas; Naqvi, S.N.H., (1981) Ethics and Economics: An Islamic Synthesis, , Leicester (UK): Islamic Foundation; Qutab, S., Fe ZilalU Qur'an, , Al-Juz-Al-Awwal, Egypt: Esa Al-Halabi and Partners; Reza, I., Reasons For The Defeat of Communism (1992) The Echo of Islam, (97). , July; (1402) Dhiatd Qur'an, (1). , Shah, Pir Muhammad Karam, Lahore (Pakistan): Dhiatd Qur'an Publications, A.H; Allocative And Stabilizing Functions of Zakat in an Islamic Economy Tag El-Diij, SJ. mimeograph, Islamabad (Pakistan): International Institute of Islamic Economics; Sunan Al-Tirmizi, 4. , Tirmizi, Muhammad Bin Esa Beruit (Lebnan): Dar Ahya Al-Turas},
correspondence_address1={Iqbal Anjum, M.; International Institute of Islamic Economics, , Islamabad, Pakistan},
issn={08288666},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Humanomics},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Greenspan1996348,
author={Greenspan, L.},
title={Bertrand Russell and the End of Nationalism},
journal={Philosophy of the Social Sciences},
year={1996},
volume={26},
number={3},
pages={348-368},
doi={10.1177/004839319602600303},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542789836&doi=10.1177%2f004839319602600303&partnerID=40&md5=60f8d5d61408d23c3d30bb75a38a2aed},
affiliation={McMaster University, Canada},
abstract={This article argues that nationalism is an important topic in Bertrand Russell's thinking about politics and society and that his writings on this subject are worthy of consideration by those who study nationalism today Russell anticipates contemporary “modernist” and “ethnicist” accounts of nationalism, providing, over a lifetime, the precedent of both of these theories struggling within the bosom of one thinker. Russell's theory is structurally closer to that of the modernists. Like them, Russell believes that the growth of a modern global economy has made all nationalisms, whether progressive or reactionary, obsolete. But after declaring the obsolescence of nationalism in 1917, Russell was compelled to wrestle with the persistence and vitality of nationalist movements and sentiment throughout the rest of the century. The author argues that Russell's experience suggests that this modernism, which dismissed all nationalisms, led to political absurdities and compelled Russell to argue for the distinction between predatory and imperialist nationalisms—a distinction he had rejected in the wake of World War I. © 1996, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.},
references={German Social Democracy is a study of the then largest Marxist party in the world, , Russell criticizes the party because its addiction to Marxist notions of class war and revolution has isolated it from the masses, but he congratulates the party for its resolute internationalism―its readiness to reject the nationalism and imperialism of the Second Reich―not noticing that this too might have isolated the party from the masses; Rempel, R., From Imperialism to Free Trade: Couturat, Halévy, and Russell's First Crusade (1979) For an extended discussion of this important episode, pp. 423-443. , see, Journal of the History of Ideas, 40 (July); (1934) For Russell's full discussion on this theme, , see Bertrand Russell, Freedom and Organization (London: Allen and Unwin), and Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy (New York: Scribner, 1945). The latter is the only history of philosophy that treats Byron as one of the key figures in the development of modem thought; our Jews (1967) For example, , the victories of the Israelis in created a crisis in Poland because Polish officers indiscreetly celebrated the victories of against “their [the Soviet] Arabs.”; Rempel, R.A., Brink, A., Moran, M., (1902) Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, 12. , See, : Contemplation and Action, -1914 (Allen and Unwin, 1985), 182; Bertrand Russell in Ethics and Politics (1992) For an interesting discussion on the relationship between Russell's ethical views and his writings on politics and society, pp. 594-634. , see Bart Schultz, Ethics 102 (April); (1996) Russell's fear of madness is one of the compelling themes in Ray Monk, Bertrand Russell, , The Spirit of Solitude (London: Jonathan Cape), esp. 23ff; Russell, B., Ancestry of Fascism (1938) Power: ANew Social Analysis, , (London: Allen and Unwin), contains an extended discussion of power philosophies, and Bertrand Russell, in Bertrand Russell, In Praise of Idleness (London: Allen and Unwin, 1935), traces the evolution of fascism from the idealism of Fichte through Hegel and Nietzsche; (1989) Alan Ryan has astutely pointed to Russell's connection to the sociological tradition in Alan Ryan, , Russell: A Political Life (London: Allen Lane, Penguin), 98; (1995) Russell weaves nationalism and internationalism, , the struggle between globalism and global disintegration, in a manner that connects his work to works such as Benjamin Barber, Jihad vs. Mcworld (Toronto: Random House,); Hutchison, J., (1994) Modern Nationalism, , See, (London: Fontana), and the collection John Hutchison and Anthony D. Smith, eds., Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994); Gellner, E., (1983) Nations and Nationalism, , See, (Oxford: Blackwell), and Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism (London: Clarendon, 1990); Hutchison, 8.; Gellner, E., Nationalism and High Culture Nations and Nationalism, , in Gellner, 65; Russell, B., Is Nationalism Moribund? (1995) The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, 14. , See, in Richard Rempel, Louis Greenspan, Beryl Haslam, Albert Lewis, and Mark Lippincott, : Pacifism and Revolution (London: Routledge), 317. This is the first time that Russell's seminal essay on nationalism has been reproduced since it was first published in The Seven Arts; Russell, B., Pros and Cons of Nationalism (1962) Fact and Fiction, , in Bertrand Russell, (New York: Simon & Schuster), 133; (1911) Sir Norman Angell's The Great Illusion, , A Study of the Relation of Military Power in Nations to Their Economic and Social Advantage (Toronto: McLelland & Goodchild), revised in 1933, was a runaway best-seller and was translated into many languages; Is Nationalism Moribund? Russell, , 322; Is Nationalism Moribund? (1995) A recent volume, , Jean-Marie Eliott, The End of the Nation State (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,). At the time of this writing, Eliott was France's ambassador to the European Union. The opening pages of this volume present an argument that is very similar to Russell's (although updated) in; Is Nationalism Moribund? Russell, 316; (1923) Bertrand Russell in collaboration with Dora Russell, pp. 101-102. , The Prospects of Industrial Civilization (London: Allen and Unwin,); Freedom and Organization, , Russell, 403; Russell, R., A Political Life, , 178-80, provides a lengthy discussion of Russell's proposals to threaten the Soviet Union with atomic war, providing evidence of Russell's seriousness in making this proposal, including readiness to absorb millions of casualties in the event that Russia invaded Western Europe; Russell, B., Zionism and the Peace Settlement (1943), p. 5. , The New Palestine 33 (11 June); Pros and Cons Russell, 127; (1978) I have dealt with this subject in Louis Greenspan, pp. 72-73. , The Incompatible Prophecies: Bertrand Russell on Science and Liberty (Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press,)},
correspondence_address1={Greenspan, L.; McMaster UniversityCanada},
issn={00483931},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Philos. Soc. Sci.},
document_type={Editorial},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Scott1996391,
author={Scott, A.J.},
title={Regional motors of the global economy},
journal={Futures},
year={1996},
volume={28},
number={5},
pages={391-411},
doi={10.1016/0016-3287(96)00016-X},
note={cited By 189},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030460565&doi=10.1016%2f0016-3287%2896%2900016-X&partnerID=40&md5=754d3e3c8fd98af33580fce2148133a4},
affiliation={Sch. of Pub. Plcy. and Social Res., University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States},
abstract={The thesis of this article is that world capitalism is moving into a phase of development marked by an intensified regionalization of production overlaid by - and rooted in - a global division of labour. In this process, a significant reallocation of economic coordination and steering functions is occurring, away from the sovereign state, up to the international and down to the regional levels. The historical development of the global capitalist system over the post-World-War-II years is reviewed. The mechanism underlying the growth and spread of large agglomerations of productive activity throughout the world are then elucidated. The combined processes of global integration and regional concentration of economic activity raise important questions about appropriate forms of regulation in the new world order, and some evolving tendencies are described. The article ends on a speculative note in which the possible emergence of something like a worldwide system of city-states at the dawn of the 21st century is contemplated. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
keywords={capitalist system;  division of labour;  globalisation;  historical perspective;  new world order;  regional development;  regionalisation},
references={Keohane, R.O., (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, , Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press; Keohane, R.O., (1989) International Institutions and State Power, , Boulder, CO, Westview Press; Ohmae, K., (1990) The Borderless World, , New York, HarperCollins; Ohmae, K., (1995) The End of the Nation State, , New York, The Free Press; Rosecrance, R., (1986) The Rise of the Trading State, , New York, Basic Books; Hirst, P., Zeitlin, J., (1989) Reversing Industrial Decline? Industrial Structure and Policy in Britain and Her Competitors, , Oxford, Berg; Porter, M.E., (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations, , New York, The Free Press; Saxenian, A., (1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Scott, A.J., (1988) Metropolis: From the Division of Labor to Urban Form, , Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, University of California Press; Scott, A.J., (1993) Technopolis: High-Technology Industry and Regional Development in Southern California, , Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, University of California Press; Amin, A., Thrift, N.J., Neo-Marshallian nodes in global networks (1992) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 16, pp. 571-587; Storper, M., The limits to globalization: Technology districts and international trade (1992) Economic Geography, 68, pp. 60-93; Storper, M., Scott, A.J., The wealth of regions: Market forces and policy imperatives in local and global context (1995) Futures, 27, pp. 505-526; Boyer, R., (1986) La Théorie de la Régulation: Une Analyse Critique, , Paris, Editions La Découverte; Lipietz, A., New tendencies in the international division of labor: Regimes of accumulation and modes of social regulation (1986) Production, Work, Territory: The Geographical Anatomy of Industrial Capitalism, pp. 16-40. , A J Scott and M Storper (editors), London, Allen and Unwin; note; Gereffi, G., Korzeniewicz, M., (1994) Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, , Westport, CT, Greenwood Press; Hart, M., (1994) What's Next?: Canada, the Global Economy, and the New Trade Policy, , Ottawa, Carleton University, Centre for Trade Policy and Law; (1993) International Trade Statistics, , Geneva, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; Thrift, N., Leyshon, A., A phantom state? The detraditionalization of money, the international financial system, and international financial centres (1994) Political Geography, 13, pp. 299-327; Zachar, M.W., The decaying pillars of the Westphalian temple: Implications for international order and governance (1992) Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics, pp. 58-101. , J N Rosenau and E O Czempiel (editors), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; (1993) World Investment Report, , New York, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; (1993) Intra-firm Trade, , Paris, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; (1993) International Financial Statistics Yearbook, , Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund; Lever, W., Economic globalisation and urban dynamics, II (1996) Cities and Enterprises on the Eve of the Twenty-first Century, , F Moulaert and A J Scott (editors), London, Pinter; Badie, B., (1995) La Fin des Territoires, Essai sur le Désordre International et sur l'Utilité Sociale du Respect, , Paris, Fayard; Jessop, R., (1995) The Future of the National State: Erosion or Reorganisation? General Reflections on the West European Case, , unpublished paper, Department of Sociology, University of Lancaster, UK; Agnew, J., Corbridge, S., (1995) Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory, and International Political Economy, , London, Routledge; (1995) Yearbook of International Associations, , Munich, K G Saur; Ohmae, The Borderless World, , op cit, reference 1; Rosecrance, (1986) The Rise of the Trading State, , op cit, reference 1; Strange, S., (1988) States and Markets, , London, Pinter; Scott, A.J., Industrial organization and location: Division of labor, the firm, and spatial process (1986) Economic Geography, 62, pp. 215-231; Storper, M., Walker, R., (1989) The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology, and Industrial Growth, , Oxford, Blackwell; Patchell, J., From production systems to learning systems: Lessons from Japan (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 797-815; Salais, R., Storper, M., (1993) Les Mondes de Production: Enquête sur l'Identité Economique de la France, , Paris, Editions de l'Ecole Des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales; note; Krugman, P., Venables, A.J., (1995) Globalization and the Inequality of Nations, , Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No 5098; Scott, A.J., (1988) New Industrial Spaces: Flexible Production Organization and Regional Development in North America and Western Europe, , London, Pion; Krugman, P., (1991) Geography and Trade, , Leuven, Leuven University Press; Scott, A.J., The geographic foundations of industrial performance (1995) Competition and Change, 1, pp. 51-66; Hirschman, A., (1958) The Strategy of Economic Development, , New Haven, CT, Yale University Press; Myrdal, G., (1957) Rich Lands and Poor, , New York, Harper and Row; Amin, S., (1973) Le Développement Inégal, , Paris, Les Editions de Minuit; Emmanuel, A., (1972) Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade, , New York, Monthly Review Press; Frank, A.G., (1979) Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment, , New York, Monthly Review Press; Harvey, D., (1982) The Limits to Capital, , Oxford, Blackwell; Wallerstein, I., (1983) Historical Capitalism, , London, Verso; Wallerstein, I., (1989) The Modern World System III: The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World Economy, 1730-1840s, , San Diego, CA, Academic Press; Fröbel, F., Heinrichs, J., Kreye, O., (1980) The New International Division of Labour, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Agnew, Corbridge, (1995) Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory, and International Political Economy, , op cit, reference 15; (1993) World Urbanization Prospects: The 1992 Revision, , New York, United Nations, Division of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis; Krugman, (1991) Geography and Trade, , op cit, reference 25; Venables, A.J., Economic integration and the location of firms (1995) American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 85, pp. 296-300; Castells, M., Goh, L., Kwok, R.Y.-W., (1990) The Shek Kip Mei Syndrome: Economic Development and Public Housing in Hong Kong and Singapore, , London, Pion; Wade, R., (1990) Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization, , Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press; Sassen, S., (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, , Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press; Thrift, N., On the social and cultural determinants of international financial centres: The case of the City of London (1994) Money, Power, and Space, pp. 327-355. , S Corbridge, R Martin and N Thrift (editors), Oxford, Blackwell; Scott, A.J., The craft, fashion, and cultural products industries of Los Angeles: Competitive dynamics and policy dilemmas in a multisectoral image-producing complex (1996) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86; Sassen, (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, , op cit, reference 34; Ohmae, The End of the Nation State, , op cit, reference 1; Cooke, P., Globalization of economic organization and the emergence of regional interstate partnerships (1993) The Political Geography of the New World Order, pp. 46-58. , C H Williams (editor), London, Belhaven; Arthur, W.B., Silicon Valley locational clusters: When do increasing returns imply monopoly? (1990) Mathematical Social Sciences, 19, pp. 235-251; David, P.A., Clio and the economics of QWERTY (1985) American Economic Review, 75, pp. 332-337; Cooke, P., Morgan, K., (1990) Industry, Training and Technology Transfer: The Baden-württemberg System in Perspective, , Cardiff, Wales, Regional Industrial Research; Herrigel, G., Large firms, small firms, and the governance of flexible specialization: The case of Baden-Württemberg and socialized risk (1993) Country Competitiveness: Technology and the Organizing of Work, pp. 15-35. , B Kogut (editor), New York, Oxford University Press; Bianchi, P., Levels of policy and the nature of post-Fordist competition (1992) Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development, pp. 303-315. , M Storper and A J Scott (editors), London, Routledge; Isserman, A.M., State economic development policy and practice in the United States: A survey article (1994) International Regional Science Review, 16, pp. 49-100; Osborne, D., (1990) Laboratories of Democracy, , Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press; Sabel, C.F., Studied trust: Building new forms of cooperation in a volatile economy (1990) Human Relations, 46, pp. 1133-1170; Slifko, J., Rigby, D.L., Industrial policy in Southern California: The production of markets, technologies, and institutional support for electric vehicles (1995) Environment and Planning A, 27, pp. 933-954; Woods, D., The crisis of center-periphery integration in Italy and the rise of regional populism: The Lombard League (1995) Comparative Politics, 27, pp. 187-203; Amin, A., Thrift, N.J., Institutional issues for the European regions: From markets and plans to socioeconomics and powers of association (1995) Economy and Society, 24, pp. 41-66; Castells, M., Henderson, J., Techno-economic restructuring, socio-political processes and spatial transformation: A global perspective (1987) Global Restructuring and Territorial Development, p. 7. , J Henderson and M Castells (editors), London, Sage; O'Brien, R., (1992) Global Financial Integration: The End of Geography, , London, Pinter},
correspondence_address1={Scott, A.J.; Sch. of Pub. Plcy. and Social Res., 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; email: scott@geog.sscnet.ucla.edu},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={00163287},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Futures},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Joyal1996161,
author={Joyal, Paul},
title={Industrial espionage today and information wars of tomorrow},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={1996},
volume={2616},
pages={161-170},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Information Protection and Network Security ; Conference Date: 24 October 1995 Through 26 October 1995;  Conference Code:22486},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029754079&partnerID=40&md5=d6f0dbacb729621c6d1b9930b1f9ed5f},
affiliation={Intercon Int. Consulting,, Washington, DC, USA, United States},
abstract={In this report we review case histories of industrial espionage publicized in the media and in Congressional hearings. The threat to the United Stages as the world's largest investor in R&D is magnified by the transition from a cold war military confrontation of the super powers to an economic competition in global markets. To sustain their market share, France, Japan and Russia have initiated national programs to acquire U.S. technical know-how. Former intelligence staff now distill fragments of sensitive information into meaningful knowledge to guide industrial and national efforts to ascertain dominance. This threat is amplified by the exponential proliferation of global communication networks, like INTERENET, that reach into corporate America and permit unseen adversaries to probe the vast U.S. data stores for unprotected intelligence. Counter intelligence in industrial espionage by the United Stages on a national level is virtually impossible because of public scrutiny in our open society. On the positive side, the upheaval of a rapid transition from high-tension and high economic stability to low-tension and high economic instability is prompting international collaboration against international terrorism. On the corporate level, strategic alliances with foreign firms are expanding to sustain competitiveness and innovation in areas of specialty. A national security plan to protect the U.S. information resources is needed; and a viable policy to operate our information highways as safe conduits for electronic business. The well being of the global economy, not just that of our nation, is at stake and should not be left to chance and provocation.},
keywords={Global communication networks;  Industrial espionage;  Information highways;  United States, Data communication systems;  Industrial applications;  International cooperation;  Planning;  Security systems;  Telecommunication networks, Security of data},
correspondence_address1={Joyal, Paul; Intercon Int. Consulting,, United States},
editor={Hampel Viktor E., Neuman Clifford, Barlow John P.},
sponsors={SPIE - Int Soc for Opt Engineering, Bellingham, WA USA},
address={Philadelphia, PA, USA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={081941980X; 9780819419804},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gonzalez1996238,
author={Gonzalez, Avelino J. and Batarseh, Issa and Qu, Zhihua},
title={Current efforts in revitalizing electric power engineering at the University of Central Florida},
journal={Southcon Conference Record},
year={1996},
pages={238-242},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Proceedings of the 1996 Southcon Conference ; Conference Date: 25 June 1996 Through 27 June 1996;  Conference Code:45298},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029696314&partnerID=40&md5=a05a91da248aacced9a1caa00d399019},
affiliation={Univ of Central Florida, Orlando, United States},
abstract={The end of the cold war presents us with the challenge to modernize engineering curricula so as to better address the needs and issues arising from the increasingly competitive global economy. In the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at the University of Central Florida (UCF), efforts are underway to revitalize and modernize the academic program in Electric Power Engineering. This paper describes these efforts. The goal is to provide the students interested in these fields with a broad and deep set of course offerings that will allow them to build a strong foundation in the theory, design, devices and instrumentation issues pertinent to these areas.},
keywords={Electric power distribution;  Electric power generation;  Electric power systems;  Electric power transmission;  Engineering education, Electric power engineering, Electrical engineering},
correspondence_address1={Gonzalez, Avelino J.; Univ of Central Florida, Orlando, United States},
sponsors={IEEE; ERA},
publisher={IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, United States},
address={Orlando, FL, USA},
coden={SCORE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Southcon Conf Rec},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Peters1996281,
author={Peters, B.G. and Savoie, D.J.},
title={Managing Incoherence: The Coordination and Empowerment Conundrum},
journal={Public Administration Review},
year={1996},
volume={56},
number={3},
pages={281-290},
doi={10.2307/976452},
note={cited By 79},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0000359867&doi=10.2307%2f976452&partnerID=40&md5=5d9cb0977a6dd050c93d11cb8f9837fc},
affiliation={University of Pittsburgh; L'Université de Moncton},
abstract={Two dimensions of administrative change in contemporary democracies are at war with one another. On the one hand, the "new public management" argues that organizations should decentralize and empower lower echelon employees. Further, government is urged to decentralize structurally and to create autonomous and semiautonomous organizations to deliver public services. On the other hand, continuing fiscal pressures and the requirements of the global economy point to the need to coordinate better not only policies but also programs which increasingly cut across departmental or agency lines. The United States presents an extreme case of the need to coordinate multiple and often incoherent programs. That need has to a great extent been exacerbated by reforms stemming from the National Performance Review (NPR). The research reported in this article examines the impact of the NPR on the behavior of central agencies in Washington - the Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Personnel Management, and the General Services Administration. We argue that despite the changes over the past year, the fundamental nature of central agencies has not been transformed, and they are still very much in the business of imposing central policy and management controls.},
references={Aaron, H.J., The Balanced Budget Blunder (1994) The Brookings Review, 11 (SPRING); Aberbach, J.D., (1990) Keeping a Watchful Eye, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Arnold, P., (1986) Making the Managing Presidency, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Barzelay, M., Armajani, B.J., (1992) Breaking Through Bureaucracy, , Los Angeles: University of California Press; Baumol, W.J., The Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: Anatomy of an Urban Crisis (1967) American Economic Review, 57; (1993) The U.S. National Performance Review: An Analysis in the Context of the Canadian Experience, , Treasury Board Secretariat (October); (1994) Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less - Status Report, , Washington, DC: Report of the National Performance Review (September); DiIulio, J., (1994) Deregulating Government, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Finer, H., (1937) The British Civil Service, , London: Allen and Unwin; Freeman, J.L., (1955) The Political Process: Executive-Bureaucratic-Legislative Committee Relations, , Garden City, NY: Doubleday; French, R., Quoted in Donald J. Savoie (1992) Regional Economic Development: Canada's Search for Solutions, , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; Gore, A., (1993) From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less, , Washington, DC: Report of the National Performance Review; Greer, P., (1994) Transforming Central Government: The next Steps Initiative, , Buckingham, England: Open University Press; Hall, P.A., (1986) Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France, , New York: Oxford University Press; Heclo, H., Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment (1978) The New American Political System, , Anthony King, ed., Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute; Kaufman, H., (1981) The Administrative Behaviour of Federal Bureau Chiefs, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Kernaghan, K., Empowerment and Public Administration: Revolutionary Advance or Passing Fancy? (1992) Canadian Public Administration, 35 (2); Kerwin, C.R., (1994) Rulemaking: How Government Agencies Write Law and Make Policy, , Washington, DC: CQ Press; Kettl, D.F., (1992) Deficit Politics, , New York: Macmillan; (1994) Reinventing Government? Appraising the National Performance Review, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution (August); Lowi, T.J., (1979) The End of Liberalism, 2nd Ed., , New York: W. W. Norton; Moe, R., The Reinventing Government Exercise: Misinterpreting the Problem, Misjudging the Consequences (1994) Public Administration Review, 54 (MARCH-APRIL); Osborne, D., Gaebler, T., (1992) Reinventing Government, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Peters, B.G., Overload in American Government (1994) Democracy in the United States, , Richard Maidment, ed., London: Hodder and Stoughton; The Public Service, the Changing State and Governance (1995) Governance in a New Environment, , B. Guy Peters and Donald J. Savoie, eds., Montreal: McGill/Queen's University Press; Pierre, J., The Marketization of the State: Citizens, Customers and the Emergence of the Public Market (1995) Governance in a New Environment, , B. Guy Peters and Donald J. Savoie, eds., Montreal: McGill/Queen's University Press; Savoie, D.J., (1990) The Politics of Public Spending in Canada, , Toronto: University of Toronto Press; (1993) Globalization and Governance, , Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Management Development; (1994) Thatcher, Reagan, Mulroney: In Search of a New Bureaucracy, , Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press; Seelye, K.Q., Lobbyists Are the Loudest in the Health Care Debate (1994) New York Times, , 16 August; Smith, S.S., Deering, C.J., (1990) Committees in Congress, 2nd Ed., , Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press; Starobin, P., Unequal Shares (1993) National Journal, 11 (SEPTEMBER); Sutherland, S.L., The Evolution of Program Budget Ideas in Canada: Does Parliament Benefit from Estimates Reform? (1990) Canadian Public Administration, 33 (SUMMER); Weaver, R.K., (1988) Automatic Government: The Politics of Indexation, , Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; Wildavsky, A., A Budget for All Seasons? Why the Traditional Budget Lasts (1978) Public Administration Review, 38 (NOVEMBER-DECEMBER); Wilson, J.Q., (1989) Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It, , New York: Basic Books},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={00333352},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Public Adm. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krueger1995,
author={Krueger, A.O. and Augey, D.},
title={Political economy of policy reform in developing countries. - Anne O. Krueger},
journal={Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines},
year={1995},
volume={6},
number={4},
doi={10.2202/1145-6396.1215},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942494980&doi=10.2202%2f1145-6396.1215&partnerID=40&md5=4d9d1055f1d0da59e533701d038f853c},
affiliation={Professeur d'Economie à Duke University, France; Maître de Conférences. Université d'Aix-Marseille III, France},
abstract={Il y a trois défis pour la sécurité de l'Ouest. Le premier est que l'Ouest, comparé à l'Asie de l'Est, est en déclin. Dans vingt-cinq ans, la taille économique de la Chine continentale pourrait être supérieure à la taille du marché américain; celle de l'Inde et de l'Indonesie être supérieure à la taille économique de l'Allemagne; celle de la Corée du Sud excéder l'Angleterre ou la France ou l'Italie. Le second est la prolifération d'un savoir à doubleemploi et le désastre économique de l'ex-Union Soviétique qui auront pour conséquence vraisemblable une prolifération du nucléaire. Le troisième concerne les changements de valeurs qui s'opèrent à l'Ouest et qui favorisent la formation de sociétés occidentales de moins en moins aptes à attaquer ou à se défendre. Mais la réduction du poids de l'Occident dans l'économie globale ne garantit plus que les efforts faciles l'emportent face aux défis du futur, qu'ils viennent des pouvoirs renforcés de l'Est asiatique ou des “desperados” islamiques. Ces défis ne seront vraisemblablement pas relevés au moyen de deux fausses prescriptions qui trouvent quelques faveurs en Europe Continentale. Premièrement, une grande partie de l'Europe de l'Ouest est lasse d'être confrontée à la “destruction créatrice” de ses emplois du fait de la concurrence de l'Asie de l'Est et désire ardemment le protectionnisme. Le remède protectionniste se bâtit sur un diagnostic grandement correct des problèmes occidentaux, mais il est tout de même dangereux si l'on met en perspective la morale, l'économie et la politique du pouvoir. Deuxièmement, certains Européens reconnaissent à juste titre que les grandes puissances historiques, comme la Grande-Bretagne ou la France ou l'Allemagne, n'ont plus une envergure suffisante pour être qualifiées de grandes puissances. Cependant, elles sousestiment la gravité et la vitesse du déclin de l'Occident. Une Europe définie par le noyau dur francoallemand deviendra trop étroite, avant même qu'elle ne soit établie dans cette structure. Vraisemblablement, même l'Union Européenne dans sa totalité sera trop petite avant qu'elle ne devienne une véritable communauté sur le plan sécuritaire (si jamais elle le devient). Au lieu de ces fausses prescriptions, cet article propose trois réponses aux dilemmes de l'Occident, ou encore trois façons de gérer le déclin de l'Occident. Premièrement, seule la coopération atlantique promet d'être une réponse efficace au dynamisme de l'Asie de l'Est et au déclin de l'Ouest. De plus, la coopération entre l'Amérique du Nord et l'Europe de l'Ouest a besoin d'être complétée par un nouvel engagement à l'égard d'une économie globale ouverte et d'une disposition à s'ajuster aux défis de celle-ci, afin de coopter l'Est asiatique dans une sphère globale de coprospérité. Cela doit vraisemblablement engendrer quelques coupes radicales dans l'Etat-providence. Deuxièmement, la prolifération nucléaire exige aussi une réponse. Il est concevable que la stratégie de défense contre la Chine soit encore plus difficile dans une vingtaine d'années qu'elle le fut contre l'Union Soviétique dans les années 1980. Mais cela ne devrait pas être une excuse pour ne pas construire des missiles de défense en réponse à ceux de l'Iran, de l'Irak, de la Lybie ou de l'Algerie. Troisièmement, les changements des valeurs en Occident semblent plus difficiles à traiter, mais ils renforcent la nécessité d'investir dans la coopération occidentale (ou atlantique) plutôt qu'uniquement européenne, la nécessité de coopter l'Asie de l'Est plutôt que de plonger dans une autre guerre froide, et la nécessité de contenir l'Etat-providence plutôt que de le développer. There are three challenges to Western security. First, compared to East Asia the West is in decline. In another twenty-five years, the economic size of Mainland China may exceed the size of the American market, India and Indonesia may exceed Germany, South Korea may exceed Britain or France or Italy. Second, the proliferation of dual use knowledge and the economic disaster in the former Soviet Union are likely to result in some nuclear proliferation. Third, value changes within the West will make Western societies ever less capable of deterrence and defense. But the reduced weight of the West in the global economy no longer guarantees that leisurely efforts succeed in meeting future challengers, whether from East Asian great powers or Islamic desperados. These challenges are unlikely to be met by two false prescriptions which enjoy some appeal in Continental Europe. First, much of Western Europe gets tired of observing the “creative destruction” of its jobs by East Asian competitors and longs for protectionism. The protectionist cure is built on a largely correct diagnosis of some Western problems, but nevertheless dangerous from an economic, moral, and power politics perspective. Second, some Europeans rightly recognize that historical great powers, like Britain or France or Germany, are no longer large enough to be great powers. But they underestimate the severity and speed of the decline of the West. A Franco- German core Europe will become too small, even before it is established. Conceivably, even the entire European Union will be too small before (or: if ever) it becomes an effective security community. Instead of these false prescriptions this paper advocates three responses to Western dilemmas, or three modes of managing Western decline. First, only Atlantic cooperation promises to be an effective response to East Asian dynamism and Western decline. Moreover, cooperation between North America and Western Europe needs to be complemented with a renewed commitment to an open global economy and a readiness to adjust to its challenges, in order to coopt East Asia into a global co-prosperity sphere. This is likely to necessitate some radical cuts in the welfare state. Second, nuclear proliferation also needs some response. Conceivably, strategic defense is as difficult against China twenty years from now, as it was against the Soviet Union in the 1980s. But this should be no excuse for not building a missile and air defense against the likes of Iran, Iraq, Lybia, or Algeria. Third, the value changes within the West seem least tractable, but they reinforce the necessity of investing in Western (or, Atlantic) rather than merely European cooperation, the necessity of coopting East Asia rather than stumbling into another Cold War, and the necessity for containing the welfare state rather than expanding it. © 1995 by Berkeley Electronic Press and IES-Europe. All rights reserved.},
references={Bates, R.E., (1981) The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies, , Berkeley, University of California Press; Bhagwati, J., (1978) Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Anatomy and Consequences of Exchange Control Regimes, , Cambridge, Mass, Ballinger; Bhagwati, J., (1988) Protectionism, –The Ohlin Lectures— Par Le MIT Press. (Traduction Frangaise, , Protectionnisme, Dunod, Paris; Krueger, A.O., (1974) Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development, , Turkey, New York, Columbia university Press; Krueger, A.O., The political economy of the rent-seeking society (1974) American Economic Review, 65, pp. 291-303. , Juin; Krueger, A.O., (1975) The Benefits and Costs of Import Substitution in India: A Microeconomic Study, , Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press; Krueger, A.O., (1978) Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Liberalization Attemps and Consequences, , Cambridge, MA, Balliger; Krueger, A.O., (1983) Alternative Trade Strategies and Employment, (3). , Synthesis. Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Krueger, A.O., The relationship between trade, employment and development (1988) The State of Development Economics, pp. 357-384. , In Ranis, G. & Schultz, T.P. eds., Oxford, Basil Blackwell; Krueger, A.O., (1992) The Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policies, (5). , Synthesis. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press; Krueger, A.O., (1994) Political Economy of Policy Reform in Developing Countries, p. 171. , The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1ere edition; Krueger, A.O., Aktan, O., (1992) Swimming against the Tide: Turkish Trade Reform in the 1980S, , San Francisco, Institute for Contemporary Studies; Krueger, A.O., Tuncer, B., An empirical test of the infant industry argument (1982) American Economic Review, 72, pp. 1142-1152; Krueger, A.O., Turan, I., The political economy of economic policy reform in turkey (1993) Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform: Evidence from Eight Countries, , In Bates, R.E. & Krueger, A.O. eds., Oxford, Basil Blackwell; Krueger, A.O., Ruttan, V., Michalopoulos, C., (1989) Aid and Development, , Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press; Krueger, A.O., Schiff, M., Valdes, A., Agricultural incentives in developing countries: Measuring the effect of sectoral and economywide policies (1988) World Bank Economic Review, 2 (3), pp. 255-271; Lal, D., Myint, H., Poverty, equity and economic growth (1990) Mimeo, World Bank Comparative Study, , Washington, DC; Lewis, A.W., Economic development with unlimited supplies of labor (1954) The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, pp. 139-191. , May; Myrdal, G., (1968) Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, , London, Allen Lane; Tullock, G., The welfare cost of tariffs, monopolies and theft (1967) Western Economic Journal, 5, pp. 224-232. , Juin},
issn={11456396},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Econ. Etud. Hum.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Weede1995,
author={Weede, E.},
title={Major challenges and minor responses: Some reflections on east asia and the west},
journal={Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines},
year={1995},
volume={6},
number={4},
doi={10.2202/1145-6396.1214},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038961851&doi=10.2202%2f1145-6396.1214&partnerID=40&md5=5e7ebfdf776e51166bf796f5186daa0c},
affiliation={Professor of Sociology Forschungsinstitut für Soziologie Universität zu Köln, Germany},
abstract={Il y a trois défis pour la sécurité de l'Ouest. Le premier est que l'Ouest, comparé à l'Asie de l'Est, est en déclin. Dans vingt-cinq ans, la taille économique de la Chine continentale pourrait être supérieure à la taille du marché américain; celle de l'Inde et de l'Indonesie être supérieure à la taille économique de l'Allemagne; celle de la Corée du Sud excéder l'Angleterre ou la France ou l'Italie. Le second est la prolifération d'un savoir à doubleemploi et le désastre économique de l'ex-Union Soviétique qui auront pour conséquence vraisemblable une prolifération du nucléaire. Le troisième concerne les changements de valeurs qui s'opèrent à l'Ouest et qui favorisent la formation de sociétés occidentales de moins en moins aptes à attaquer ou à se défendre. Mais la réduction du poids de l'Occident dans l'économie globale ne garantit plus que les efforts faciles l'emportent face aux défis du futur, qu'ils viennent des pouvoirs renforcés de l'Est asiatique ou des “desperados” islamiques. Ces défis ne seront vraisemblablement pas relevés au moyen de deux fausses prescriptions qui trouvent quelques faveurs en Europe Continentale. Premièrement, une grande partie de l'Europe de l'Ouest est lasse d'être confrontée à la “destruction créatrice” de ses emplois du fait de la concurrence de l'Asie de l'Est et désire ardemment le protectionnisme. Le remède protectionniste se bâtit sur un diagnostic grandement correct des problèmes occidentaux, mais il est tout de même dangereux si l'on met en perspective la morale, l'économie et la politique du pouvoir. Deuxièmement, certains Européens reconnaissent à juste titre que les grandes puissances historiques, comme la Grande-Bretagne ou la France ou l'Allemagne, n'ont plus une envergure suffisante pour être qualifiées de grandes puissances. Cependant, elles sousestiment la gravité et la vitesse du déclin de l'Occident. Une Europe définie par le noyau dur francoallemand deviendra trop étroite, avant même qu'elle ne soit établie dans cette structure. Vraisemblablement, même l'Union Européenne dans sa totalité sera trop petite avant qu'elle ne devienne une véritable communauté sur le plan sécuritaire (si jamais elle le devient). Au lieu de ces fausses prescriptions, cet article propose trois réponses aux dilemmes de l'Occident, ou encore trois façons de gérer le déclin de l'Occident. Premièrement, seule la coopération atlantique promet d'être une réponse efficace au dynamisme de l'Asie de l'Est et au déclin de l'Ouest. De plus, la coopération entre l'Amérique du Nord et l'Europe de l'Ouest a besoin d'être complétée par un nouvel engagement à l'égard d'une économie globale ouverte et d'une disposition à s'ajuster aux défis de celle-ci, afin de coopter l'Est asiatique dans une sphère globale de coprospérité. Cela doit vraisemblablement engendrer quelques coupes radicales dans l'Etat-providence. Deuxièmement, la prolifération nucléaire exige aussi une réponse. Il est concevable que la stratégie de défense contre la Chine soit encore plus difficile dans une vingtaine d'années qu'elle le fut contre l'Union Soviétique dans les années 1980. Mais cela ne devrait pas être une excuse pour ne pas construire des missiles de défense en réponse à ceux de l'Iran, de l'Irak, de la Lybie ou de l'Algerie. Troisièmement, les changements des valeurs en Occident semblent plus difficiles à traiter, mais ils renforcent la nécessité d'investir dans la coopération occidentale (ou atlantique) plutôt qu'uniquement européenne, la nécessité de coopter l'Asie de l'Est plutôt que de plonger dans une autre guerre froide, et la nécessité de contenir l'Etat-providence plutôt que de le développer. There are three challenges to Western security. First, compared to East Asia the West is in decline. In another twenty-five years, the economic size of Mainland China may exceed the size of the American market, India and Indonesia may exceed Germany, South Korea may exceed Britain or France or Italy. Second, the proliferation of dual use knowledge and the economic disaster in the former Soviet Union are likely to result in some nuclear proliferation. Third, value changes within the West will make Western societies ever less capable of deterrence and defense. But the reduced weight of the West in the global economy no longer guarantees that leisurely efforts succeed in meeting future challengers, whether from East Asian great powers or Islamic desperados. These challenges are unlikely to be met by two false prescriptions which enjoy some appeal in Continental Europe. First, much of Western Europe gets tired of observing the “creative destruction” of its jobs by East Asian competitors and longs for protectionism. The protectionist cure is built on a largely correct diagnosis of some Western problems, but nevertheless dangerous from an economic, moral, and power politics perspective. Second, some Europeans rightly recognize that historical great powers, like Britain or France or Germany, are no longer large enough to be great powers. But they underestimate the severity and speed of the decline of the West. A Franco- German core Europe will become too small, even before it is established. Conceivably, even the entire European Union will be too small before (or: if ever) it becomes an effective security community. Instead of these false prescriptions this paper advocates three responses to Western dilemmas, or three modes of managing Western decline. First, only Atlantic cooperation promises to be an effective response to East Asian dynamism and Western decline. Moreover, cooperation between North America and Western Europe needs to be complemented with a renewed commitment to an open global economy and a readiness to adjust to its challenges, in order to coopt East Asia into a global co-prosperity sphere. This is likely to necessitate some radical cuts in the welfare state. Second, nuclear proliferation also needs some response. Conceivably, strategic defense is as difficult against China twenty years from now, as it was against the Soviet Union in the 1980s. But this should be no excuse for not building a missile and air defense against the likes of Iran, Iraq, Lybia, or Algeria. Third, the value changes within the West seem least tractable, but they reinforce the necessity of investing in Western (or, Atlantic) rather than merely European cooperation, the necessity of coopting East Asia rather than stumbling into another Cold War, and the necessity for containing the welfare state rather than expanding it. © 1995 by Berkeley Electronic Press and IES-Europe. All rights reserved.},
references={Abrams, E., Letter to the editor of commentary (1994) Commentary, 98 (6), p. 4; Allais, M., (1994) Combats Pour L'europe, pp. 1992-1994. , Paris, Editions Clement Juglar; Baader, R., (1993) Die Euro-Katastrophe, , Böblingen, Anita Tykve; Balassa, B., (1981) The Newly Industrialized Countries in the World Economy, , New York, Pergamon; Bareis, P., Ohr, R., Europäische integration auf abwegen (1992) Die Ordnungspolitischen Und Institutionalen Fehlentscheidungen Von 'Maastricht', , Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Referate gehalten auf dem Europa-Colloquium; Bernholz, P., Growth of government, economic growth and individual freedom (1986) Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, (142), pp. 661-683; Betts, R.K., Wealth, power, and instability: East-asia and the united states after the cold war (1993) International Security, 18 (3), pp. 34-77; Buchanan, J.M., Tollison, R.D., Tullock, G.E., (1980) Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society, , College Station, Texas A and M University Press; Clancy, T., Seitz, R., Five minutes past midnight and welcome to the age of proliferation (1991) The National Interest, 26, pp. 3-12; Collins, R., (1986) Weberian Sociological Theory, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Dollar, D., Outward-oriented developing economies really do grow more rapidly: Evidence from 95 ldcs, 1976-1985 (1992) Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40 (3), pp. 523-544; Gerschenkron, A., (1962) Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, , Cambridge, MA, Belknap (Harvard University Press); Giersch, H., Die industrie und das beschäftigungssystem im weltweiten strukturwandel (1994) Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft für Internationalen Dialog: Arbeit Der Zukunft - Zukunft Der Arbeit, pp. 151-173. , Stuttgart, Schäffer-Poeschel; Huntington, S.P., The united states (1975) The Crisis of Democracy, pp. 59-118. , Crozier, M., Huntington, S.P. & Watanuki, J., New York: NYU Press; Gompert, D., Kugler, R., Free-rider redux (1995) Foreign Affairs, 74 (1), pp. 7-12; Joffe, J., Is there life after victory? What nato can and cannot do (1995) The National Interest, 41, pp. 19-25; Jones, E.L., (1988) Growth Recurring, , Oxford, Clarendon; Kammler, H., Wieviel integration braucht europa? (1994) Orientierungen Zur Wirtschafts- Und Gesellschaftspolitik, 60 (2), pp. 26-32; Keynes, J.M., (1919) The Economic Consequences of the Peace, , New York, PenguinUSA; Krepon, M., Are missile defenses mad? (1995) Foreign Affairs, 74 (1), pp. 19-24; Kristof, N.D., The rise of china (1993) Foreign Affairs, 72 (5), pp. 59-74; Krueger, A.O., American trade policy: A tragedy in the making (1995), Washington, D.C., AEI Press; Lipset, S.M., The social requisites of democracy revisited (1994) American Sociological Review, (59), pp. 1-22; Luttwak, E.N., If bosnians were dolphins… (1993) Commentary, 96 (4), pp. 27-32; Maddison, A., (1969) Economic Growth in Japan and the USSR, , London, George Allen and Unwin; Mandelbaum, M.E., (1995) The Strategic Quadrangle, , New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press; McNeill, W.H., The rise of the west (1963) A History of the Human Community, , Chicago, Chicago University Press; McNeill, W.H., (1982) The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A.D. 1000, , Chicago, Chicago University Press; Miegel, M., Wahl, S., Das ende des individualismus (1994) Die Rultur Des Westens zerstört Sich Selbst, , Landsberg am Lech, Bonn Aktuell im Verlag Moderne Industrie; Olson, M., The rise and decline of nations: Economic growth (1982) Stagflation and Social Rigidities, , New Haven, Yale University Press; Pampel, F.C., Williamson, J.B., (1989) Age, Class, Politics, and the Welfare State, , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Ray, J.L., (1995) Democracy and International Conflict, , Columbia, SC, University of South Carolina Press; Richardson, L.F., (1960) Statistics of Deadly Quarrels, , Chicago, Boxwood and Quadrangle; Rifkind, M., Time to boost trans-atlantic trade (1995) The Wall Street Journal Europe, 13 (212), p. 8. , November 29; Rummel, R.J., Democracies are less warlike than other regimes (1995) European Journal of International Relations, 1 (4), pp. 457-479; Russett, B.M., (1993) Grasping the Democratic Peace, , Princeton, Princeton University Press; Russett, B.M., The democratic peace: And yet it moves (1995) International Security, 19 (4), pp. 164-175; Schumpeter, J.A., (1942) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, , New York, Harper and Brothers; Singer, J.D., Small, M., (1972) The Wages of War: A Statistical Handbook, , New York, Wiley; Singer, M., Wildavsky, A., (1993) The Real World Order: Zones of Peace/Zones of Turmoil, Chatham, , New Jersey, Chatham House; Economist, T., Economic giants (1993) The Economist, 328 (7819), p. 63. , July 10th; Economist, T., Survey: Asia. a billion consumers (1993) The Economist, 329 (7835). , October 30th; Economist, T., Survey: The global economy (1994) The Economist, 333 (7883). , October 1st; Economist, T., The budget: The price of staying secure (1995) The Economist, 334 (7897), pp. 46-349. , January 14th; Vaubel, R., Die politische okonomie der wirtschaftspolitischen zentralisierung in der europäischen gemeinschaft (1992) Jahrbuch für Neue Politische Ökonomie, Band 11, pp. 30-65. , in Boettcher, E., Herder-Dorneich, P., Schenk, K.E. & Schmidtchen, D. (eds.), Tübingen, Mohr; Weede, E., (1975) Weltpolitik Und Kriegsursachen Im, p. 20. , Jahrhundert. Munich, Oldenbourg; Weede, E., Wirtschaft, staat und gesellschaft (1990) Economic Development, Social Order, and World Politics, p. 1996. , Tübingen, Mohr. Weede, E., Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner Publishers; Wood, A., North-south trade (1994) Employment and Inequality, , Oxford, Oxford University Press (Clarendon); (1993) The East Asian Miracle, , New York, Oxford University Press; (1995) World Development Report 1995, , New York, Oxford University Press; Wright, Q., (1965) A Study of War, , 2nd ed. Chicago, Chicago University Press},
correspondence_address1={Weede, E.; Professor of Sociology Forschungsinstitut für Soziologie Universität zu KölnGermany},
issn={11456396},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Econ. Etud. Hum.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Faustino1995459,
author={Faustino, J.},
title={The political economy of philippine trade reform},
journal={Pacific Review},
year={1995},
volume={8},
number={3},
pages={459-474},
doi={10.1080/09512749508719150},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029508243&doi=10.1080%2f09512749508719150&partnerID=40&md5=756afe60eab06306653c5e349bd71ca7},
affiliation={University of the Philippines, Asian Foundation, Philippines; 45 Firefly Street, Vernida Townhomes, Valley Verde 6, Pasig, 1600, Philippines},
abstract={This paper looks at the major characteristics of post-war trade policy in the Philippines, how that is changing, and what accounts for the change. The major factor for change include: 1) clear policy statements from the executive; 2) an increased understanding of the ill-effects of protection by some members of the legislature; 3) a heightened awareness by business that participation in the global economy is critical; and 4) an increased level of participation in regional groupings and global trading arrangements. To sustain the reform process the government needs to: 1) continue to foster an open economic environment through predictable long-term policies and resist the temptation to manage the outcome of trade; 2) focus on remaining protected sectors of the economy; 3) focus on other important policy areas such as exchange rate and inflation; and 4) prepare for the APEC Summit. For its part, business must continue its participation in policy making and support independent research efforts on economic issues. The most important lesson to be drawn from the Philippine experience is the importance of participating in global and regional commitments. First, Philippine participation in AFTA allowed national policy-makers to deflect some of the pressure by arguing that participation in AFTA was necessary if the country wanted to keep a seat in ASEAN. Second, these kinds of arrangements focus attention on the need for domestic reforms. © Routledge 1995.},
author_keywords={AFTA;  Government-business rela-tions;  Philippines;  Trade policy},
keywords={developing country;  government-business relations;  policy need;  policy reform;  political economy;  regional cooperation;  trade policy, Philippines},
references={(1992) Minutes of the Meeting, , 22 December, Manila, Philippines; Alburo, F., ASEAN into the second generation: Potential and proposals in the economic dimension (1992) Paper Presented at the First ASEAN Congress, Kuala Lumpur. Anonymous Interview, , 14 May; Ariff, M., The changing role of ASEAN in the coming decades: Post-Manila summit perspectives (1992) The ASEAN Reader, Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 208-212. , K.S. Sandhu (ed.); Azarcon, C., AFTA and the new debate on tariff policy (1994) Paper Presented at the Asian Institute of Management Policy Forum, , Manila, Philippines; De, D.E., A political economy of Philippine policy-making (1990) Economic Policy-Making in the Asia Pacific Region, pp. 109-148. , John W. Langford and K. Lorne Brownsey, Halifax: The Institute of Public Policy; De, D.L., A review of the remaining regulated commodities (1992) Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) Development Research News, pp. 12-14; Hill, H., ASEAN economic development: An analytical survey (1994) Journal of Asian Studies, 53, pp. 832-886; Jayasuriya, S., Structural adjustment and economic performance in the Philippines (1992) The Dynamics of Economic Policy Reform in South-East Asia and the Southwest Pacific, , Andrew J. MacIntyre and Kanishka Jayasuriya, Singapore: Oxford University Press; Lindsey, C., The political economy of international economic policy reform in the Philippines: Continuity and restoration (1992) The Dynamics of Economic Policy Reform in South-East Asia and the South-West Pacific, , Andrew J. MacIntyre and Kanishka Jayasuriya, Singapore: Oxford University Press; Montes, M., (1991) The Aquino Governments 1990 Tariff Reform initiative’, , unpublished manuscript; Pangetsu, M., Soesastro, H., Ahmad, M., A new look at the intra-ASEAN co-operation (1992) ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 8, pp. 333-352; Philippine Council, (1993) Highlights of the Joint Cabinet Level Meeting, , 3 May, Manila, Philippines; Tan, G., ASEAN preferential trading arrangements: An overview (1992) The ASEAN Reader, pp. 237-241. , K.S. Sandhu (ed.), Singapore: ISEAS; Tariff Commission official, (1993) Comments Made at the Third Institute for Strategic and Development Studies Workshop on the ASEAN Free Trade Area, , 2 July, Manila, Philippines},
correspondence_address1={Faustino, J.; University of the Philippines, Philippines},
issn={09512748},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Pac. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Verspagen1995143,
author={Verspagen, B.},
title={Convergence in the global economy. A broad historical viewpoint},
journal={Structural Change and Economic Dynamics},
year={1995},
volume={6},
number={2},
pages={143-165},
doi={10.1016/0954-349X(94)00005-T},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029487972&doi=10.1016%2f0954-349X%2894%2900005-T&partnerID=40&md5=30b0eb60a5fed1465eb93eb2f6002ecf},
affiliation={MERIT (Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology), University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands},
abstract={This paper considers the issue of converging or diverging growth paths in a long-run perspective. In particular, available data are explored in order to investigate whether or not the convergence trend observed since the ending of the Second World War also holds for earlier time periods. The data are used to illustrate some theoretical insights on the question as to what determines convergence or divergence trends. A brief historical interpretation of the results is presented. © 1995 Elsevier Science B.V.},
author_keywords={Convergence;  Economic growth;  Economic history;  O33;  O57},
keywords={convergence;  convergence trend;  economic convergence;  economic growth;  global economy;  historical perspective;  world economy},
funding_details={Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van WetenschappenKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, KNAW},
funding_text 1={I thank Angus Maddison for stimulating me to write this paper and Erik Beelen for research assistance. The paper has benefited from comments by referees and by participants at the international colloquium on ‘Economic Growth and Structural Change: Comparative Approaches over the Long Run on the Basis of Reconstructed National Accounts’, Leuven, Belgium, 8-12 September 1993, and at the international workshop on ‘Economic Evolution and Structural Change’, Gargnano, Italy, 19-21 September 1993. My research has been made possible by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. The usual disclaimer applies.},
references={Abramovitz, Rapid growth potential and its realisation: the experience of capitalist economies in the postwar period (1979) Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress of the International Economic Association, 1, pp. 1-51. , the major issues, E. Malinvaud, Economic growth and resources, Macmillan, London; Abramovitz, Catch-up and convergence in the postwar growth boom and after (1992) paper presented at the Workshop on Historical Perspectives on the International Convergence of Productivity, , April 23–24, New York; Abramovitz, The origins of the postwar catch-up and convergence boom (1994) The dynamics of Technology, Trade and Growth, , N.von Tunzelmann, Edward Elgar; Ben-David, Equalizing exchange: a study of the effects of trade liberalization (1991) NBER Working Paper, No. 3706; De, Summers, Equipment investment and economic growth Quarterly (1991) Journal of Economics, 106, pp. 445-502; Dixon, Thirlwall, A model of regional growth-rate differences on Kaldorian lines (1975) Oxford Economic Papers, 11, pp. 201-214; Dollar, Wolff, (1993) Competitiveness, convergence and international specialization, , MIT Press, Aldershot; Dosi, Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation (1988) Journal of Economic Literature, 26, pp. 1120-1171; Fagerberg, Verspagen, von Tunzelmann, (1994) The dynamics of technology, trade and growth, , Edward Elgar, Cambridge, MA; Gerschenkron, (1962) Economic backwardness in historical perspective, , Harvard University Press, Aldershot; Glissmann, Rodemer, Lange Wellen wirtschaftliches Wachstums (1981) Konjunktur, Krise, Gesellschaft, Klett-Cotta, pp. 66-106. , Stuttgart, D. Petzina, G. Van Roon; Hofman, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA: A SIX COUNTRY COMPARISON FOR 1950-89 (1950) Review of Income and Wealth, 38 (4), pp. 365-401; Kenwood, Lougheed, (1992) The growth of the international economy. 1820-1990: an introductory text, , 3rd edn., Routledge, Cambridge, MA; Kleinknecht, Measuring R & D in Small Firms: How Much are we Missing? (1987) The Journal of Industrial Economics, 36, pp. 253-256; Lewis, (1978) Growth and fluctuations 1870–1913, , Alien & Unwin, London; Maddison, (1991) Dynamic forces in capitalist development, a long-run comparative view, , Oxford University Press, London; Maddison, (1991) A long run perspective on saving (Memorandum of the Institute of Economic Research, , University of Groningen, Oxford; Maizels, (1963) Industrial growth and world trade, , Cambridge University Press; Nelson, Diffusion of development: post World War II convergence among advanced industrial nations, American Economic Review (1991) Papers and Proceedings, 81, pp. 271-275; Nelson, Winter, (1982) An evolutionary theory of economic change, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge; Romer, (1986) Increasing returns and long run growth, pp. 1002-1037; Schmookler, (1966) Invention and economic growth, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Schumpeter, (1939) Business cycles, 1-2. , McGraw-Hill, Cambridge, MA; Scott, (1989) A new view of economic growth, , Oxford University Press, New York; Silverberg, Dynamic vintage models with neo-Keynesian features, in: OECD, Technology and productivity (1991) The challenge for economic policy, pp. 493-508. , OECD, Oxford; Solow, Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function (1957) The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, pp. 312-320; von, (1994) Technology and industrial progress: the foundations of economic growth, , Edward Elgar, Paris; Verspagen, Endogenous innovation in neo-classical growth models: a survey (1992) Journal of Macroeconomics, 14, pp. 631-662; Verspagen, (1993) Uneven growth between interdependent economies. The evolutionary dynamics of growth and technology, , Avebury, Cheltenham; Wang, Mody, (1993) Industrial growth in coastal China: economic reforms… and what else?, , The World Bank, Mimeo; Wolff, Technology, capital accumulation, and long-run growth (1994) The dynamics of technology, trade and growth, , N.von Tunzelmann, Edward Elgar},
correspondence_address1={Verspagen, B.; MERIT (Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology), University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands},
issn={0954349X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Struct. Change Econ. Dyn.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Friedmann1995511,
author={Friedmann, H.},
title={The international political economy of food: A global crisis},
journal={International Journal of Health Services},
year={1995},
volume={25},
number={3},
pages={511-538},
doi={10.2190/451A-896W-GGLK-ELXT},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028991048&doi=10.2190%2f451A-896W-GGLK-ELXT&partnerID=40&md5=458bdeb184a89b53876a72e292f0d4ad},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 203 College Street, Toronto, Ont. M5T 1P9, Canada},
abstract={The largest gap between national regulation and transnational economic organization is in the agro-food sector. This gap is the legacy of the post- World War II food regime, whose implicit rules gave priority to national farm programs (including import controls and export subsidies); placed the United States at the center; generated chronic surpluses; and allowed international power to take the unusual form of subsidized exports of surplus commodities, particularly wheat. The author analyzes the emergence and contradictions of the postwar food regime as a tension between replication and integration of national agro-food sectors, often interpreted as 'export of the U.S. model.' By the early 1970s, replication led to international economic conflict, while transnational corporations found national regulatory frameworks to be obstacles to further integration of a potentially global agro-food sector. A new axis between Asian import countries and new agricultural countries, such as Brazil, has destabilized the Atlantic-centered food regime, without creating a new regime. Alternative future regimes are identified, based on the shift from agriculture to food, employment, and land use as political issues: private global regulation or democratic regulation of nested, regional agro-food economies, federated at the international level.},
keywords={agriculture;  Asia;  developing country;  economic development;  Europe;  food industry;  international cooperation;  law;  politics;  review;  United States, agricultural policy;  agricultural production;  food regime;  food supply;  food system;  global crisis;  global economy;  policy effect;  political aspect;  trade in food;  trade regulation},
correspondence_address1={Friedmann, H.; Department of Sociology, 203 College Street, Toronto, Ont. M5T 1P9, Canada},
publisher={Baywood Publishing Co. Inc.},
issn={00207314},
coden={IJHSC},
pubmed_id={7591379},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INT. J. HEALTH SERV.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hughes199439,
author={Hughes, Kent},
title={Leadership, economy, and stability: The economy},
journal={American Astronautical Society, Scientific Technology Series},
year={1994},
volume={83},
pages={39-41},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Proceedings of the 31st Goddard Memorial Symposium ; Conference Date: 9 March 1993 Through 10 March 1993;  Conference Code:42138},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028724094&partnerID=40&md5=83bb23eb18c89113ab94f4413d0faa78},
affiliation={Council on Competitiveness, Washington, United States},
abstract={Space technology programs in the United States are currently faced with a twin challenge. There is, on one hand, a competitiveness challenge, and on the other, the down-sizing challenge, the end of the Cold War and the on-going pressure of the fiscal budget deficit. The competitiveness challenge focuses on the long-term growth strategy for the United States in the context of global economy. The aerospace industry should rethink the value of long-term space programs and the national research laboratories. The American economic system will gradually shift toward one in which partnership between aspects of the government and the private industry becomes as central to the economy as the traditional competitive model has been in the past.},
keywords={Aerospace engineering;  Competition;  Economic and social effects;  Public policy;  Research laboratories, American economic system;  Space leadership;  Space technology, Space research},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, Kent; Council on Competitiveness, Washington, United States},
editor={Anon},
sponsors={Aerojet; Grumann Corporation; International Technology Underwriters; Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company; Martin Marietta Corporation; et al},
publisher={Univelt Inc, San Diego, CA, United States},
address={Arlington, VA, USA},
issn={02784017},
coden={AASTB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Am Astronaut Soc Sci Technol Ser},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Johnson1994259,
author={Johnson, H.T.},
title={Relevance Regained: Total Quality Management and the Role of Management Accounting},
journal={Critical Perspectives on Accounting},
year={1994},
volume={5},
number={3},
pages={259-267},
doi={10.1006/cpac.1994.1015},
note={cited By 55},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0000399730&doi=10.1006%2fcpac.1994.1015&partnerID=40&md5=d22e0b1446833b6b726cf9522cece29a},
affiliation={School of Business Administration Portland State University, United States},
abstract={I want to reflect on how my thinking about issues raised in Relevance Lost (Johnson & Kaplan, 1987) has changed since Bob Kaplan and I wrote the book. The academic and business communities in countries around the world have received the book with far more enthusiasm than we ever could have anticipated. The primary theme of Relevance Lost is management accounting's contribution to declining competitiveness in American business after the 1950s. The book opens with the observation that "today's management accounting information, driven by the procedures and cycle of the organization's financial reporting system, is too late, too aggregated, and too distorted to be relevant for managers' planning and control decisions". The book attempts to show management accounting's deficiencies impaired long-term performance of American businesses in the post-war global economy. A key part of book's massage is that management accounting had not always served as poorly as it did in the last 40 years. Several historical chapters in Relevance Lost show that managerial accounting information had not impeded competitiveness for a century or more before World War II. Why the change after the 1950s? In this paper I want to reflect on the reasons for the change. I suggest that relevance was due to an inappropriate emphasis on the use of accounting information to manage. The paper then examines the need to focus on the management of processes and the contribution of total quality management. I conclude with some comments on the changes required in management education. © 1994 Academic Press. All rights reserved.},
references={Hayes, R., Abernathy, W., Managing our Way to Economic Decline (1980) Harvard Business Review, , July/August; Johnson, H.T., Kaplan, R.S., (1987) Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting, , Boston: Harvard Business School Press},
correspondence_address1={Johnson, H.T.; School of Business Administration Portland State UniversityUnited States},
issn={10452354},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Crit. Perspect. Account.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuumba199379,
author={Kuumba, M.B.},
title={Perpetuating neo-colonialism through population control: South Africa and the United States.},
journal={Africa Today},
year={1993},
volume={40},
number={3},
pages={79-85},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027900939&partnerID=40&md5=936e95f2229730eaf10e9de753150cbd},
abstract={Third world women in the global economy are valuable as a cheap source of labor and as producers of additional cheap labor sources (children). This discussion focuses on the interrelationships between race, class, and gender bias in international population programs and the unequal power relationship between colonizers and the colonized. For example, USAID directs over 33% of its family planning (FP) service delivery funding and 50% of policy funds to Africa, and African women and women of color in general are blamed for their own poverty and underdevelopment. Madi Gray is cited as suggesting that African FP is the cure for "illegitimacy, misery in the ghettos, and rising crime." The paternalistic and racist population policies of the US are traced to a 1905 speech of President Theodore Roosevelt, who expressed concern about the Yankee stock being overwhelmed by immigrants, non-Whites, and the poor. In 1933, the US Birth Control Federation targeted Black women. Birth control and eugenic practices were integrated before the Second World War and shared the goal of reducing the immigrant and Black populations. The current South African equivalent to this situation is the White power rhetoric of "Black peril" which is said to threaten White power, safety, and profits. Structural changes in both the US and South Africa are creating large surplus labor pools comprised largely of Black Africans. When labor reserves are too large, poverty and underemployment are identified as the result of overpopulation. Unhealthy and unproved birth control technologies have been distributed to Africans while health care, economic resources, and social security have been neglected. Population control is used for selective population reduction.},
keywords={Africa;  Africa south of the Sahara;  article;  Blacks--women;  cultural anthropology;  Cultural Background;  Demographic Factors;  demography;  developed country;  developing country;  Development Policy;  Economic Factors;  economics;  employment;  English Speaking Africa;  ethnic group;  Financial Activities;  financial management;  Foreign Aid;  Gender Issues;  government;  health care manpower;  human relation;  Human Resources;  Inequalities;  international cooperation;  Labor Force;  negro;  North America;  Northern America;  organization;  policy;  Political Factors;  political system;  politics;  population;  population and population related phenomena;  population dynamics;  Population Policy;  social problem;  socioeconomics;  South Africa;  Southern Africa;  United States;  Usaid;  Western Hemisphere, Africa;  Africa South Of The Sahara;  Americas;  Blacks--women;  Colonialism;  Cultural Background;  Demographic Factors;  Developed Countries;  Developing Countries;  Development Policy;  Economic Factors;  English Speaking Africa;  Ethnic Groups;  Financial Activities;  Foreign Aid;  Gender Issues;  Government Agencies;  Human Resources;  Inequalities;  Labor Force;  North America;  Northern America;  Organizations;  Policy;  Political Factors;  Political Systems;  Population;  Population Characteristics;  Population Control;  Population Policy;  Race Relations;  Social Policy;  Socioeconomic Factors;  South Africa;  Southern Africa;  United States;  Usaid, Africa;  Africa South of the Sahara;  Africa, Southern;  Americas;  Blacks;  Colonialism;  Culture;  Demography;  Developed Countries;  Developing Countries;  Economics;  Employment;  Ethnic Groups;  Financial Management;  Government Agencies;  Health Manpower;  International Cooperation;  Interpersonal Relations;  North America;  Organizations;  Political Systems;  Politics;  Population;  Population Characteristics;  Population Control;  Public Policy;  Race Relations;  Socioeconomic Factors;  South Africa;  United States},
correspondence_address1={Kuumba, M.B.},
issn={00019887},
pubmed_id={12286951},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Afr Today},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{BoystJr.1993420,
author={Boyst Jr., William M.},
title={Rx for time-based competition},
journal={Annual International Conference Proceedings - American Production and Inventory Control Society},
year={1993},
pages={420-421},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Proceedings of the 36th International Conference ; Conference Date: 10 October 1993 Through 15 October 1993;  Conference Code:19941},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027836420&partnerID=40&md5=ed250de72aafad49c8c634df706c3f9e},
abstract={Businesses who survive the war of the fast-moving global economy of the 1990s will be those who have learned how to both quickly and economically respond to changes in market demands. The process of gradually reducing the number of kanbans to expose areas of waste and the systematic reduction of changeover times are two Just-in-Time principles that are synergistic - more powerful together than apart. Gradually reducing the numbers of kanbans in a factory provides the directional influence by exposing and prioritizing opportunities. Systematically reducing changeover times makes it economical to further reduce the number of kanbans. These two principles together become the driving force of a time based competitor.},
keywords={Competition;  Distribution of goods;  Industrial economics;  Industrial management;  Inventory control;  Manufacture;  Marketing;  Materials handling equipment;  Quality control, Global competition;  Kanbans;  Market demands;  Systematic reduction, Just in time production},
correspondence_address1={Boyst Jr., William M.},
editor={Anon},
publisher={Publ by APICS, Falls Church, VA, United States},
address={San Antonio, TX, USA},
coden={AICSE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Annu Int Conf Proc Am Prod Inventory Control Soc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{VanSittert1993422,
author={Van Sittert, L.},
title={‘Making like america ‘: The industrialisation of the st helena bay fisheries c. 1936-c. 1956},
journal={Journal of Southern African Studies},
year={1993},
volume={19},
number={3},
pages={422-446},
doi={10.1080/03057079308708368},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248246170&doi=10.1080%2f03057079308708368&partnerID=40&md5=0e2a3856f25648b2cd2409e5ac61017f},
abstract={This paper offers a critique of structuralist theories of the salience of ‘external determinants' in South Africa's post-1945 industrialisation by way of a case study of the St Helena Bay fisheries, which underwent rapid industrialisation and subsequent deindustrialisation during and after the Second World War. This process was characterised by the state-engineered articulation of secondary factory production with a primary fishing sector dominated by small boat owners. The reasons for this articulation are located in the nature of primary production, the rise of trade unionism in the fisheries during the war and Afrikaner nationalism's concern to foster small capital. The boat owning petty-bourgeoisie which emerged at the Bay comprised a substantial speculative element and was unwilling to invest in new technology capable of freeing fishing from its dependence on environmental constraints. The combination of falling prices on the international market and falling catches at the Bay after 1953 created a severe profitability crisis for capital in the secondary industry which led to intensified pressure on the primary sector to rationalise and modernise the catching fleet. Private boat owners, however, organised themselves in the Weskus Vissers Vereeniging to block new entrants to the fishery and keep out fishing capital. Their efforts led to the formation of a Boat Limitation Committee in 1954 under the auspices of the state which effectively deadlocked the search for a solution to the worsening profitability crisis in the industry. This deadlock was finally broken in 1956 by a severe environmental crisis which decimated the ranks of the Weskus Vissers Vereeniging, allowed fishing capital to vertically integrate primary with secondary production and thus hastened the deindustrialisation of St Helena Bay. The absence of multi-national capital, predominance of petty producers in the fishery and importance of ‘internal determinants' all make St Helena Bay an atypical example of post-war industrialisation in terms of structuralist theory. The latter's economic determinism and bias in favour of urban, capital-intensive industries, it is suggested, creates a pressing need for more regional, local and light industry studies which seek to uncover the uneven and contradictory nature of secondary industrialisation in its own terms rather than those of the global economy. © 1993 Taylor & Francis Group},
issn={03057070},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. South. Afr. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{NoAuthor1993,
title={Global economic prospects and the developing countries 1993},
journal={Global economic prospects and the developing countries 1993},
year={1993},
page_count={93},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040958169&partnerID=40&md5=0eda1c704625ccc54fd29f36d0801fd7},
abstract={This annual report examines the long-term prospects for the global economy in the 1990s and their implications for developing countries the report considers the economic links between industrial and developing countries. The authors emphasize links through external finance, the flow of funds into developing countries from abroad. The report focuses on three key issues in external finance: foreign direct investment - what benefits does it offer? portfolio flows - what are the ways to sustain them and manage their volatility? aid - is there enough, and is the quality adequate in a post-Cold War world? It is argued that foreign direct investment brings benefits beyond finance: technology transfer, management know-how, and access to export marketing. The traditional picture of foreign direct investment as concentrated on extractive and import-substituting industries must be revised in the 1990s to take account of the shift to export-oriented manufactures and high technology services. Second, the new portfolio flows (especially stock market equity) should prove to be reasonably sustainable because they are stimulated by domestic economic reform and the dismantling of regulatory barriers and are not simply the result of volatile external factors such as recession in industrial countries. Third, the volume of aid as a proportion of donor gross national product remains stagnant while the number of countries qualifying for aid is expanding. Only 60% of bilateral aid goes to low-income countries, and nearly half of all bilateral aid is conditional on purchases being made in the donor countries. -from Author},
keywords={aid;  capital flows;  developing country;  economic prospect;  external finance;  financial flows;  financial provision;  foreign direct investment;  global situation;  international relations;  portfolio flows},
publisher={World Bank},
isbn={0821324152; 9780821324158},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hoffmann1993,
author={Hoffmann, M.R.},
title={Chemical pollution of the environment: past, present and future.},
journal={Ciba Foundation symposium},
year={1993},
volume={175},
pages={23-31; discussion 31-3141},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027346722&partnerID=40&md5=aa74a945c7396a4dc88af6c53f4feaba},
affiliation={Department of Environmental Engineering Science, W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125., United States},
abstract={In an era of 'global environmental change' people are concerned about emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to the atmosphere because of their direct impact on global warming and their stratospheric ozone-depleting effects. Unprecedented efforts have been made to reduce the global emissions of CFCs. Major industries, which are competing within the modern global economy, have recognized the importance of maintaining a 'green' perspective. Future operations will be designed to reduce the direct emissions of chemical by-products to air, water and soil, and to recycle and to reuse critical solvents such as water. 'Star Wars' technologies for the rapid, economical and effective elimination of industrial and domestic wastes will be developed and employed on a large scale. Advanced technologies for the control and monitoring of chemical pollutants on regional and global scales will be developed and implemented. Satellite-based instruments will be able to detect, to quantify, and to monitor a wide range of chemical pollutants. Our understanding of the fate and consequences of chemicals in the environment will increase dramatically such that we shall be able to predict the environmental, ecological and biochemical consequences of novel synthetic molecules with much greater precision.},
keywords={air pollutant;  article;  chemical industry;  forecasting;  history, Air Pollutants, Occupational;  Chemical Industry;  Forecasting;  History, 19th Century;  History, 20th Century},
chemicals_cas={Air Pollutants, Occupational},
correspondence_address1={Hoffmann, M.R.},
issn={03005208},
pubmed_id={8222994},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ciba Found. Symp.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Marullo199229,
author={Marullo, S.},
title={Political, institutional, and bureaucratic fuel for the arms race},
journal={Sociological Forum},
year={1992},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={29-54},
doi={10.1007/BF01124755},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247697158&doi=10.1007%2fBF01124755&partnerID=40&md5=d9c43e9d2b8387fc5c47a5a9e4058a12},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, United States},
abstract={Revolutionary changes in Eastern Europe are fundamentally intertwined with the thawing of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Paradoxically, the arms race between the superpowers continues. This paper examines the paradox by first considering the conventional explanations for improved relations and demonstrating their inadequacies, then turning to the structural factors that appear to help explain the changed relations, and finally examining some of the social forces that cause the arms race to continue despite the thawing of the Cold War. Structural factors cited here as having contributed to the improved relations include: changes in the global economy, the development of a civil society in the Eastern bloc, domestic and international peace initiatives, and cultural changes. Despite these changes, the arms race continues due to the stability of strategic policy and the way it is made, military-industrial institutional operations, political and economic interests, and government operations. In each of these areas, much sociological research is needed to help guide the policy-making process away from continuing the arms race. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
author_keywords={arms race;  Cold War;  congressional policy-making;  defense policy;  media;  military-industrial complex},
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Peacekeepers, , Greenwood, New York; (1989) SIPRI Yearbook 1989: World Armaments and Disarmament, , SIPRI, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University, New York; Sivard, (1989) World Military and Social Expenditures 1989, , World Priorities, Washington, DC; Skelly, (1984) The Minuteman is a missile, not a soldier: The death of the citizen-soldier, , University of California, San Diego; Snow, Benford, Ideology, frame resonance and participant mobilization (1988) International Social Movements Research, 1, pp. 197-217; Solo, (1988) From Protest to Policy, , Ballinger, Cambridge, MA; Stanfield, The golden rolodex (1990) National Journal, 22, pp. 552-557. , March 10; Swift, Al 1989 “The permanent Congress is a myth.” Washington Post 19 June: A23; Talbott, (1984) Deadly Gambits: The Reagan Administration and the Stalemate in Nuclear Arms Control, , Knopf, New York; Telhami, (1990) Power and Leadership in International Bargaining: The Path to the Camp David Accord, , Columbia, New York; (1989) Statistical Yearbook, , UNESCO, United Nations, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, New York; (1985) The Blue Helmets: A Review of United Nations Peace-Keeping, , United Nations, United Nations, New York; (1981) World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1980, , U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Government Printing Office, Washington DC; (1989) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, , U.S. Department of State, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; Weschler, Lawrence 1989 “A reporter at large: A grand experiment.” New Yorker, 13 November: 59–104; (1989) Raising the curtain, , World Without War Council, World Without War Council, New York; Yankelovich, Kingston, Garvey, (1984) Voter Options on Nuclear Arms Policy: A Briefing Book, , The Public Agenda Foundation, New York; To the Stalin mausoleum (1989) Daedalus, 119, pp. 295-344. , “Z”; Zuckerman, (1982) Nuclear Illusion and Reality, , Viking, New York},
correspondence_address1={Marullo, S.; Department of Sociology, , Washington, DC, 20057, United States},
publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers},
issn={08848971},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sociol Forum},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hoole1992834,
author={Hoole, F.W. and Huang, C.},
title={The Political Economy of Global Conflict},
journal={The Journal of Politics},
year={1992},
volume={54},
number={3},
pages={834-856},
doi={10.2307/2132314},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84972475771&doi=10.2307%2f2132314&partnerID=40&md5=b7df041532287127a4913bebe90c53c6},
affiliation={Indiana University, United States; University of Kentucky, United States},
abstract={The global conflict process and the global economy are viewed as being interconnected at the global level through a process that has distinctive characteristics and a momentum of its own. This political economy of global conflict is examined from a broad-gauged, historical, and dynamic perspective. Evidence is presented from the 1954–1980 time period that supports the viewpoint that changes in civil war, international war, size of the global economy, economic interdependence, and economic hegemony are interrelated in a complex behavioral pattern with higher order lag structures, autoregressive components, and multivariate relationships involving some feedback mechanisms. © 1992, Southern Political Science Association. All rights reserved.},
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New York: Praeger; Judge, G.G., Griffiths, E., Hill, R.C., Lee, T.C., (1980) The Theory and Practice of Econometrics, , New York: Wiley; Katzenstein, P.J., International Interdependence: Some Long-Term Trends and Recent Changes (1975) International Organization, 29, pp. 1021-1034; Paul, K., (1987) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, , New York: Random House; Keohane, R.O., The Theory of Hegemonic Stability and Changes in International Economic Regimes, 1967-1977 (1980) In Change in the International System, , ed. Ole Holsti, Randolph M. Siverson, and Alex George. Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Keohane, R.O., (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Keohane, R.O., Realism, Neorealism and the Study of World Politics (1986) In Neorealism and Its Critics, , ed. Robert O. Keohane. New York: Columbia University Press; Keohane, R.O., Nye, J.S., (1977) Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition, , Boston: Little, Brown; Kindleberger, C.P., (1970) Power and Money: The Economics of International Politics and the Politics of International Economics, , New York: Basic Books; Kindleberger, C.P., (1982) International Economics, , 7th ed., Homewood, IL: R. D. Irwin; Jan, K., (1971) Elements of Econometrics, , New York: Macmillan; Krasner, S.D., State Power and the Structure of International Trade (1976) World Politics, 28, pp. 317-347; Levy, J.S., Historical Trends in Great Power War, 1495-1975 International Studies Quarterly, 26, pp. 278-300; Levy, J.S., (1983) War in the Modern Great Power System, , Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press; Levy, J.S., Theories of General War (1985) World Politics, 37, pp. 344-374; Richard, M., Hay, R.A., Jr., (1980) Applied Time Series Analysis for the Social Sciences, , Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; McGinnis, M.D., Williams, J.T., Change and Stability in Superpower Rivalry (1989) American Political Science Review, 83, pp. 1101-1123; McGowan, P., Short-Term Cycles and Long-Run Consequences: A Reformulation of the Theory of Capitalist Imperialism (1985) In Rhythms in Politics and Economics, , ed. Paul M. Johnson and William R. Thompson. New York: Praeger; Midlarsky, M.I., (1986) The Disintegration of Political Systems: War and Revolution in Comparative Perspective, , Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press; George, M., The Long Cycle of Global Politics and the Nation-State (1978) Comparative Studies in Society and History, 20, pp. 214-235; George, M., A System Model of the Long Cycle (1987) In Exploring Long Cycles, , ed. George Modelski. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; George, M., (1987) Long Cycles in World Politics, , Seattle: University of Washington Press; Most, B.A., Starr, H., Diffusion, Reinforcement, Geopolitics, and the Spread of War (1980) American Political Science Review, 74, pp. 932-946; Most, B.A., Starr, H., (1989) Inquiry, Logic and International Politics, , Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press; Naylor, T.H., (1971) Computer Simulation Experiments with Models of Economic Systems, , New York: Wiley; Organski, A.F.K., Kugler, J., (1980) The War Ledger, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Douglas, P., Relationships—and Lack Thereof—Between Economic Time Series, with Special Reference to Money and Interest Rates (1977) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 72, pp. 11-22; Pindyck, R.S., Rubinfeld, D.L., (1981) Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts, , 2d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; Rapkin, D.P., World Leadership (1987) In Exploring Long Cycles, , ed. George Modelski. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Karen, R., Thompson, W.R., Defense Burdens, Capital Formation, and Economic Growth (1988) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32, pp. 61-86; Raymond, G.A., Kegley, C.W., Long Cycles and Internationalized Civil War (1987) The Journal of Politics, 49, pp. 481-499; Richardson, L.F., (1960) Statistics of Deadly Quarrels, , Pittsburgh: Boxwood; Richard, R., Arthur, S., Interdependence: Myth or Reality (1973) World Politics, 26, pp. 1-27; Rosenau, J.N., Patterned Chaos in Global Life: Structure and Process in the Two Worlds of World Politics (1988) International Political Science Review, 9, pp. 327-364; Ruggie, J.G., Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis (1986) In Neorealism and Its Critics, , ed. Robert O Keohane. New York: Columbia University Press; Runkle, D.E., Vector Autoregressions and Reality (1987) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 5, pp. 437-442; Russett, B.M., Prosperity and Peace (1983) International Studies Quarterly, 39, pp. 381-387; Russett, B.M., The Mysterious Case of Vanishing Hegemony; or, Is Mark Twain Really Dead? (1985) International Organization, 39, pp. 207-231; Sims, C.A., Macroeconomics and Reality (1980) Econometrica, 48, pp. 1-48; Sims, C.A., Are Forecasting Models Usable for Policy Analysis? (1986) Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 10, pp. 2-16; Sims, C.A., Comment [on Runkle] (1987) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 5, pp. 443-449; Singer, J.D., Accounting for International War: The State of the Discipline (1981) Journal of Peace Science, 18, pp. 1-18; Siverson, R.M., Sullivan, M.P., The Distribution of Power and the Onset of War (1983) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 27, pp. 473-494; Melvin, S., Singer, J.D., (1982) Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars, 1816–1980, , Beverly Hills, CA:; Duncan, S., The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory (1985) International Organization, 39, pp. 579-614; Harvey, S., Hoole, F.W., Hart, J.A., Freeman, J.R., The Relationship between Defense Spending and Inflation (1984) Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28, pp. 103-122; Stein, A.A., Russett, B.M., Evaluating War: Outcomes and Consequences (1980) In Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Research, , ed. Ted R. Gurr. New York: Free Press; Michael, S., The Nexus of Civil and International Conflict (1980) In Handbook of Political Conflict, , ed. Ted R. Gurr. New York: Free Press; Thompson, W.R., Uneven Economic Growth, Systemic Challenges, and Global Wars (1983) International Studies Quarterly, 27, pp. 341-355; Thompson, W.R., World Wars, Global Wars, and the Cool Hand Luke Syndrome: A Reply to Chase-Dunn and Sokolovsky (1983) International Studies Quarterly, 27, pp. 369-372; Thompson, W.R., (1988) On Global War: Historical-Structural Approaches to World Politics, , Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press; Charles, T., Connecting Domestic and International Conflicts, Past and Present (1985) In Dynamic Models of International Conflict, , ed. Urs Luterbacher and Michael D. Ward. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner; Edward, T., Determinants of Outcomes of Midterm Congressional Elections (1975) American Political Science Review, 69, pp. 812-826; Handbook of World Development Statistics, 1982: Major Economic Indicators Showing Historical Development Trends (1982) New York: Projections and Perspectives Studies Branch, Office for Development Research and Policy Analysis, , Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations; Multiple years Statistical Yearbook, , New York: United Nations; National Foreign Assessment Center (1981) Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1981, , Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; (1971) The United States in the Changing World Economy, 2. , Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Raimo, V., Economic Cycles, Power Transitions, Political Management and Wars between Major Powers (1983) International Studies Quarterly, 27, pp. 389-418; Raimo, V., Global Power Dynamics and Collective Violence (1987) In The Quest for Peace: Transcending Collective Violence and War among Societies, Cultures and States, , ed. Raimo Vayrynen. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Immanuel, W., (1974) The Modern World System, , New York: Academic Press; Immanuel, W., (1980) The Modern World System 11: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World Economy, 1600–1750, , New York: Academic Press; Waltz, K.N., (1979) Theory of International Politics, , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Ward, M.D., Widmaier, U., The Domestic-International Conflict Nexus: New Evidence and Old Hypotheses (1982) International Interactions, 9, pp. 75-101; Jonathan, W., Zinnes, D.A., A Linkage Model of Domestic Conflict Behavior (1973) In Conflict Behavior and Linkage Politics, , ed. Jonathan Wilkenfeld, New York: David McKay; Wood, B.D., Does Politics Make a Difference at the EEOC? (1990) American Journal of Political Science, 34, pp. 503-530; Quincy, W., (1942) A Study of War, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Ekhart, Z., Macro-Comparative Research on Political Protest (1980) In Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Research, , ed. Ted R. Gurr. New York: Free Press; Zinnes, D.A., Why War? Evidence on the Outbreak of International Conflict (1980) In Handbook of Political Conflict: Theory and Research, , ed. Ted R. Gurr. New York: Free Press; Zinnes, D.A., Wilkenfeld, J., An Analysis of Foreign Conflict Behavior of Nations (1971) In Comparative Foreign Policy: Theoretical Essays, , ed. Wolfram F. Hanrieder. New York: David McKay},
issn={00223816},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Polit.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Taylor199220,
author={Taylor, T.},
title={Diminishing dividend},
journal={Geographical Magazine},
year={1992},
volume={64},
number={6},
pages={20-24},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027085103&partnerID=40&md5=a2633601f546fea499f8f4168cd36aa9},
abstract={The end of the Cold War, and subsequent reduction in arms accumulation, has not brought about the expected boost to the world economy. The decline in spending of many NATO members will be gradual, the results of which will not be seen until the middle of the decade. Spending has not been reduced radically because although concerns posed by the former USSR have diminished, governments remain wary of unpredictable events. Technological innovation has forced up the price of defence equipment, reconnaissance, intelligence and communication systems. The harsh competition for exports, in the current economic recession, has forced the closure of several defence companies and imposed workforce restrictions on many others. Reallocation of resources and conversion of military companies for civilian markets is a slow process, and has been hampered in many instances by lack of government support and policy. -M.Z.Barber},
keywords={Cold War;  defence spending;  economic prospect;  global economy;  industrial conversion;  manufacturing industry;  military production},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brown19923,
author={Brown, W.L.},
title={The 1992 European Community and Africa},
journal={TransAfrica Forum},
year={1992},
volume={9},
number={3},
pages={3-13},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027045572&partnerID=40&md5=35729136a0211a2a908df24dcfe8371f},
abstract={With the end of the Cold War, and the advent of EC '92, Africa's future is uncertain. Will new trading blocs and Western attention to the old Soviet republics and Eastern Europe leave Africa behind? Or will there be a renewed demand for African commodities and a surge of investment in an expanding and strengthed global market? The author considers the future of Africa in the new global economy, and is not very optimistic. EC '92 will mean that ties between Africa and its former colonists will be beneficial only to the degree that the former colonial nations are able to obtain influential positions in the European Community. The author predicts that even high commodity prices will not help Africa bridge the technology gap needed in order to compete, that cash-poor Eastern Europe may flood Africa with arms it certainly does not need, and that the lack of faith exhibited by the rest of the world toward Africa is unlikely to change. -Author},
keywords={aid;  ecopolitical change;  European Community;  European single market;  global economy;  political geography;  Single European Market;  technology gap;  trade, Africa},
issn={07308876},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chapman199213,
author={Chapman, K.},
title={Agents of change in the internationalization of the petrochemical industry},
journal={Geoforum},
year={1992},
volume={23},
number={1},
pages={13-27},
doi={10.1016/0016-7185(92)90033-Z},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026496432&doi=10.1016%2f0016-7185%2892%2990033-Z&partnerID=40&md5=c2422a9b8c71c7b75337e0d70195db1b},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB9 2UF, United Kingdom},
abstract={The petrochemical industry has been established in an increasing number of countries since 1950. This has resulted from the interaction between essentially centrifugal tendencies originating in the core economies and reflected in the operations of the multinationals and a kind of spontaneous development in the periphery initiated by national governments. The balance of these locational forces has changed through time. The private sector was the principal force driving its spectacular growth in the quarter century following World War II, but most of the key investments establishing the industry in new countries since 1966 have involved state agencies, which have, therefore, accelerated the internationalization of the industry. However, the decisive role of the state in promoting the 'take-off' of the industry has been followed in many developing countries by a shift towards greater private-sector involvement to sustain its future growth. © 1992.},
keywords={global economy;  industrial structure;  internationalisation;  locational force;  manufacturing;  petrochemical industry},
references={Abernathy, Townsend, Technology, productivity and process changes (1975) Technol. Forecasting social Changes, 7, pp. 378-398; Adelman, Zimmerman, Prices and profits in petrochemicals an appraisal of investment by less developed countries (1974) The Journal of Industrial Economics, 22, pp. 245-254; Auty, The product life cycle and the location of the global petrochemical industry after the second oil shock (1984) Economic Geography, 6, pp. 325-338; Auty, (1990) Resource-based Industrialization: Sowing the Oil in Eight Developing Countries, , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Balassa, (1981) The Newly Industrializing Countries in the World Economy, , Pergamon Press, New York; Behrman, (1972) The Role of International Companies in Latin American Integration: Autos and Petro-chemicals, , Lexington Books, Lexington, MA; Bergsman, (1970) Brazil: Industrialization and Trade Policies, , Oxford University Press, London; Burns, (1934) Production Trends in the United States, , National Bureau of Economic Research, New York; Chapman, Raw material costs and the development of the petrochemical industry in Alberta since 1975 (1985) Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. (New Ser.), 10, pp. 138-148; Chapman, Walker, (1991) Industrial Location: Principles and Policies, , 2nd Edition, Blackwell, Oxford; Cortes, Bocock, (1984) North-South Technology Transfer: a Case Study of Petrochemicals in Latin America, , John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD; Cox, Jr., Product life cycles as marketing models (1967) The Journal of Business, 40, pp. 375-384; Dicken, (1986) Global Shift: Industrial Change in a Turbulent World, , Harper & Row, London; Enos, Park, (1988) The Adoption and Diffusion of Imported Technology: the Case of Korea, , Croom Helm, London; Evans, Multinationals state-owned corporations and the transformation of imperialism a Brazilian case study (1977) Economic Development and Cultural Change, 26, pp. 43-64; Forsyth, (1972) US Investment in Scotland, , Praeger, New York; Freeman, Chemical process plant innovation and the world market (1968) National Institute Economic Review, 45, pp. 29-57; Gold, Industry growth patterns theory and empirical results (1964) The Journal of Industrial Economics, 13, pp. 53-73; Grunwald, Flamm, (1985) The Global Factory, , Brookings Institution, Washington, DC; Gwynne, (1990) New Horizons: Third World Industrialization in an International Framework, , Longman, Harlow; Haigh, (1989) Investment Strategies and the Plant Location Decision: Foreign Companies in the United States, , Praeger, New York; Herbert, Bisio, Synthetic Rubber: a Project That Had to Succeed (1985) Contributions in Economics and Economic History No. 63, , Greenwood Press, Westport, CT; Howard, (1947) Buna Rubber: the Birth of an Industry, , Van Nostrand, New York; Kluyver, Innovation and industrial product life cycles (1977) California Management Review, 20, pp. 21-33; Levitt, Exploit the product life cycle (1965) Harv. Business Rev., 43, pp. 81-94; Magee, Multinational corporations, the industry technology cycle and development (1977) J. Wld Trade Law, 11, pp. 297-321; Markusen, (1985) Profit Cycles, Oligopoly and Regional Development, , MIT, Cambridge, MA; OECD, (1981) North-South Technology Transfer: the Way Ahead, , OECD, Paris; OECD, (1985) Petrochemical Industry: Energy Aspects of Structural Change, , OECD, Paris; Office of Technology Assessment, (1984) Technology Transfer to the Middle East, , US Congress, Washington, DC; Papageorgiou, (1985) The transfer of technology to the Algerian hydrocarbons and petrochemical industry, , Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, Unpublished MA thesis; Reader, (1975) Imperial Chemical Industries: a History, 2. , Oxford University Press, London; Rimmer, The Australian petrochemical industry (1968) Economic Geography, 44, pp. 351-363; Rudd, Fath-Afshar, Trevino, Stadtherr, (1981) Petrochemical Technology Assessment, , Wiley, New York; Schoenberger, Multinational corporations and the new international division of labour (1988) Int. reg. Sci. Rev., 11, pp. 105-120; Schoenberger, US manufacturing investment in Western Europe: markets, corporate strategy and the competitive environment (1990) Ann. Ass. Am. Geogr., 80, pp. 379-393; Sercovich, State-owned Enterprises and Dynamic Comparative Advantage in the World Petro-chemical Industry: the Case of Commodity Olefins in Brazil (1980) Development Discussion Paper 96, , Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, MA; Servan-Schrieber, (1968) The American Challenge, , Atheneum, New York; Shell International Chemical Co., (1988) Chemicals Information Handbook, , Shell, London; Spitz, (1988) Petrochemicals: the Rise of an Industry, , Wiley, New York; Stauffer, Energy-intensive industrialization in the Middle East (1988) Ind. Dev., 14, pp. 1-35; Stobaugh, Channels for technology transfer: the petrochemical industry (1984) Technology Crossing Borders, , R. Stobaugh, L.T. Wells, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA; Stobaugh, (1988) Innovation and Competition: the Global Management of Petrochemical Products, , Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA; Storper, Walker, (1989) The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology and Industrial Growth, , Blackwell, Oxford; Tandy, Petrochemicals in the Middle East (1986) Middle East Economic Digest, London; Thomas, Industry perspectives on growth and change (1981) Industrial Location and Regional Systems, pp. 41-58. , J. Rees, G.J.D. Hewings, H.A. Stafford, J.F. Bergin, New York; Trevino, Rudd, On planning an integrated Mexican petrochemical industry (1980) Engineering Costs and Production Economics, 5, pp. 129-142; Tuttle, Jr., The birth of an industry the synthetic rubber “mess” in World War II (1981) Technology and Culture, 22, pp. 35-67; UNIDO, (1978) First World-wide Study on the Petrochemical Industry 1975–2000, , Sectoral Studies Section, International Centre for Industrial Studies, UNIDO, Vienna; U.S. International Trade Commission, US Global Competitiveness: Building Block Petrochemicals and Competitive Implications for Construction, Automobiles and Other Major Consuming Industries (1987) USITC Publication 2005, , US ITC, Washington, DC; US International Trade Commission, Foreign Investment Barriers or Other Restrictions that Prevent Foreign Capital from Claiming Benefits of Foreign Government Programs (1989) USITC Publication 2212, , US ITC, Washington, DC; Van Duijn, (1983) The Long Wave in Economic Life, , Allen & Unwin, London; Vergara, Babelon, The Petrochemical Industry in Developing Asia: a Review of the Current Situation and Prospects for Development in the 1990s (1990) World Bank Technical Paper 113, , World Bank, Washington, DC; Vergara, Brown, The New Face of the World Petrochemical Sector: Implications for Developing Countries (1988) World Bank Technical Paper 84, , World Bank, Washington, DC; Vernon, International investment and international trade in the product cycle (1966) The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, pp. 190-207; Walsh, Townsend, Achilladelis, Freeman, (1979) Trends in Invention and Innovation in the Chemical Industry, , Unpublished report to Social Science Research Council},
correspondence_address1={Chapman, K.; Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB9 2UF, United Kingdom},
issn={00167185},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Geoforum},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Johannsen1992143,
author={Johannsen, A. and Karakitsos, E.},
title={Can the UK exploit the international oil market? A game theoretic approach},
journal={Applied Economics},
year={1992},
volume={24},
number={2},
pages={143-151},
doi={10.1080/00036849200000113},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026446855&doi=10.1080%2f00036849200000113&partnerID=40&md5=6668db64a1dc836ac70ace8982796480},
affiliation={The Management School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 53 Prince's Gate, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2PG, United Kingdom},
abstract={The UK-OPEC oil production policies are investigated within a game theoretic framework. It is shown that it is undesirable for UK economic policy makers to engage in an economic ‘war’ over oil production with OPEC, for it is the UK that loses and OPEC that gains in such a conflict. In a non-game framework an expansion of UK oil production would benefit the UK economy by increasing output growth and reducing inflation. Yet in a non-cooperative Nash game OPEC responds to this increase of UK oil production by reducing its own output and by cutting idle production plants. As a result, OPEC produces near full capacity and is able to raise the international price of oil, which increases OPEC oil revenues but reinforces the inflationary impacts of added UK oil production. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
keywords={game theoretic framework;  global economy;  market exploitation;  oil market;  production policy;  resources exploitation, UK},
references={Atkinson, F.J., Brooks, S.J., Hall, S.G.F., The economic effects of North Sea oil (1983) National Institute Economic Review, 104, pp. 38-44; Basar, T., (1987) Relaxation techniques and asynchronous algorithms for on-line computation of non-cooperative equilibria, , Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 11, 531#65533;49; Basar, T., Olsder, G.J., (1982) Dynamic Non-cooperative Game Theory, , Academic Press, New York; Bean, C., (1986) The Macroeconomic Consequences of North Sea Oil, p. 262. , D.p. Centre for Labour Economics, London School of Economics; Bond, M.E., Knobl, A., Some implications of North Sea oil for the UK economy (1982) IMF Staff Papers, 29, pp. 363-397; Corden, W.M., Booming sector and Dutch disease economics: survey and consolidation (1984) Oxford Economic Papers, 36, p. 359},
issn={00036846},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Econ.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ally1991221,
author={Ally, R.},
title={War and gold- the bank of england, the london gold market and south africa's gold, 1914-19},
journal={Journal of Southern African Studies},
year={1991},
volume={17},
number={2},
pages={221-238},
doi={10.1080/03057079108708276},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026330106&doi=10.1080%2f03057079108708276&partnerID=40&md5=2523c5c472911c42449d58fac7f0f930},
affiliation={African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa},
abstract={The Witwatersrand gold discoveries of 1886 coincided with the transition of the world to a global monetary system based on the gold standard. The significance of South Africa's incorporation into this international monetary system as the principal supplier of its newly-mined gold has however been relatively unexplored. Based largely on Bank of England archival sources, this article attempts to show the impact that the Transvaal discoveries had on the relationship that developed between South Africa and Great Britain, which stood at the centre of the working of the international gold standard. It deals with this relationship during the First World War, and highlights the crucial importance that was attached to controlling the supply of gold from South Africa to safeguard Britain's standing in the world economy. The article also examines the tensions that arose between South Africa and Britain over the terms of the agreement that was made for the disposal of South Africa's gold during the war, and discloses the mounting pressures that the British authorities came under to change this arrangement once hostilities had ended. © 1991, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Bank of England;  documentary source;  global economy;  gold standard;  historical geography;  international relations;  London Gold Market;  monetary system;  resources exploitation, South Africa},
references={(1900), p. 240. , J.A. Hobson. The War in South Africa: Its Causes and Effects (London.); (1902), p. 5. , Ian R. Smith. “The Origins of the South African War (1899-) in the Context of the Recent Historiography of South Africa”, paper presented to the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. London, May 1989; (1926), pp. 1-42. , For a brief treatment of some of the questions that have been raised in this debate see R.T. Ally. ‘The Bank of England and South Africa's Gold, c 1886-’. unpublished PhD. University of Cambridge. 1990, pp; Marks, S., Trapido, S., (1979), pp. 79-83. , ‘Lord Milner and the South African State”. History Workshop, 8. pp; (1985), p. 35. , The only major country not to adopt the single gold standard was China. T. Green. The New World of Gold (London.); , p. 104. , Scammell, ‘Working of Gold Standard’; , p. 29. , Drummond. Gold Standard and International Monetary System,. See also Eichengreen. Gold Standard, 19; (1937), Rothschilds' Archive London (hereafter RAL), T65/59. Memorandum on the Gold Market; The banks (1925), pp. 29-30. , for example, with the exception of the Bank of England, were no longer obliged to exchange notes for sovereigns. T.E. Gregory, The Return to Gold (London.). pp; Moggridge, D.E., (1924), p. 16. , British Monetary Policy -1932. the Norman Conquest of $4.86. (London, 1972); Green. New World of Gold , pp. 2-3. , pp; This was the line of the Inchcape Commission (1918), appointed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer towards the end of; The decision to tie South Africa's currency to sterling was taken by the South African banks (1920), p. 9. , with the approval of the Union government. G. de Kock, A History of the South African Reserve Bank. -52, (Pretoria. 1954); McRae, H., Cairncross, F., (1973), pp. 14-15. , Capital City, London as Financial Centre, (London.), pp},
correspondence_address1={Ally, R.; African Studies Institute, South Africa},
issn={03057070},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. South. Afr. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hong199166,
author={Hong, S.W. and Yim, C.H. and Park, Y.C.},
title={The Korean experience in FDI and Sino-Korean relations},
journal={Journal of Northeast Asian Studies},
year={1991},
volume={10},
number={2},
pages={66-86},
doi={10.1007/BF03025082},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026290097&doi=10.1007%2fBF03025082&partnerID=40&md5=81d0feeec88443627ce58fa8426818e4},
affiliation={the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, South Korea; Department of Urban Planning of Hongik University, South Korea},
abstract={The possibility of regional cooperation in the Yellow Sea Rim (YSR) area has been discussed since the early 1980s. In recent years, Korean outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased rapidly and it will be growing much further. In the new phase of the global economy and the post-cold war political environment, Korean firms consider the socialist countries, especially China, to be attractive new partners for trade and investment projects. Foreign investment contributed to economic growth in developing countries. In the early stage of industrialization in the 1970s, the share of foreign firms amounted to about one-tenth of the total manufacturing employment in Korea. Similarly, outbound Korean FDI could also play an important role in the industrialization of the LDCs in Southeast Asia and China. A case study of a Korean multinational corporation reveals that the direct employment effect of Korea's FDI is extensive in terms of money invested. In spite of the complementarity in economic structure and the phase of development between Korea and China, the prospect of Korea's outbound FDI is not all clear. However, one can safely assume that the unit scale of FDI projects will increase. Unlike in the past, the large Korean corporations are now preparing more than a few fair-sized projects in China. The positive impact of those FDI will be significant. The YSR cooperation, if successful, could create efficient economic cooperation based on complementarity between Korea and China. The Korean outbound FDI would pave a road to such regional cooperation. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.},
keywords={bilateral relations;  developing country;  direct investment;  economic impact;  employment effect;  foreign direct investment;  foreign investment;  global economy;  investment source;  multinational corporation;  regional cooperation, Asia, (Southeast);  China;  Korea(South)},
references={Bank of Korea. 1991. FDI Statistics (Korean); Dunning, J.H., Trade, Location of Economic Activity, and the Multinational Enterprise: A Search for an Electric Approach (1977) The International Allocation of Economic Activity, , B., Ohlin, P.O., Hesselborn, P.M., Wijkman, Macmillan, London; Hong, (1990) Korean Direct Foreign Investment in South-East Asia & China: Perspective & Prospect, , Paper presented at the Conference on Regional Development in the Yellow Sea Rimlands, July 23–30, East-West Center, Beijing, China; Hong, Sung-Woong and Chang-Ho Yim. 1991. “Foreign Investment and Economic Development: The Case of Korea.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Regional Development in the Yellow Sea Rimlands, Seoul, Korea, February 18–21; Jun, Y.W. 1989. “Foreign Investment Strategy in the Era of Globalization,” Korea Institute for Economic Technology Reprot No. 180 (Korean); Jung–Ang Economic Journal. 1991. Aug. 18 (Korean); Kindleberger, C.P., (1969) American Business Abroad, , Yale Univ. Press., New Haven; Korea Institute for Economic & Technology (KIET). 1990. World Economic and Technology News Brief, No. 417 (90-85); Korea Small-Medium Industry Promotion Corp. 1990. Management of Overseas Corporations (Korea); Lee, Chung Hoon. 1991. “Trade Between Bohai of China and Korea: Present and Future.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Regional Development in the Yellow Sea Rimlands, Seoul, Korea, February 18–21; Lee, Ki-Suk, Man-Ik Hwang and Un-rii Hae. 1990. Domestic Linkages and Export Processing Zones: A Study of the Social and Economic Impact in Masan FEZ, Korea.” International Development Research Center (Canada), May 30; Lee, Wong-Young. 1987. “Direct Foreign Investment in Korea: Pattern, Impacts, and Government’s Policy.” Working Paper NO. 8706, KDI},
correspondence_address1={Hong, S.W.; the Korea Research Institute for Human SettlementsSouth Korea},
issn={10966838},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Northeast Asian Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Freeman1991,
author={Freeman, M.},
title={Atlas of the world economy},
journal={Atlas of the world economy},
year={1991},
page_count={167},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040890589&partnerID=40&md5=87b77fa7dc76e228f332c5d72f95d1fd},
abstract={Massive changes in the nature and operation of the world economy have been witnessed in the post-war period. This illustrated text examines these changes under the headings of population, agriculture, energy, industry, natural income, transport and trade, labour, and multinationals. Its approach is broad and consists of a sequence of self-contained modules which can be read independently or as part of a wider whole. The enormous force and influence of the capitalist economic system based in the West is one of the prominent themes to emerge; a host of economic indicators demonstrate the producing and consuming power of the capitalist world, and the use of resources. -from Author},
keywords={agriculture;  economic growth;  energy;  global economy;  industry;  labour;  population;  resource use;  structural change;  trade;  world economy},
publisher={Routledge},
isbn={041502496X; 9780415024969},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Coates1991225,
author={Coates, V.T.},
title={Securities markets – global and perpetual: A study of technological change and institutional response},
journal={Interdisciplinary Science Reviews},
year={1991},
volume={16},
number={3},
pages={225-232},
doi={10.1179/isr.1991.16.3.225},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84974931843&doi=10.1179%2fisr.1991.16.3.225&partnerID=40&md5=d03b46328650248cfbeaa016117d43d7},
affiliation={Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress, Washington, DC, United States},
abstract={Advanced electronic processing of information and of communications has brought great changes, and also opposition to them, to the world's stock exchanges. Continuation of this technology may lead to a world economy. In this review emphasis is placed on the internationalisation of securities trading round the clock, the vendors of information services helping to overcome the different time zones, and on electronic futures trading. The factors that encourage and retard global trading are considered in detail and it is concluded that only a devastating world war will arrest the momentum of a move towards the global economy. It is envisaged that a later review in this journal will discuss how domestic markets in the major countries are transformed by electronic information technology, by innovations in financial products and by intermarket strategies linking spot and futures markets. © 1991 The Institute of Metals.},
correspondence_address1={Coates, V.T.; Office of Technology Assessment, , Washington, DC, United States},
issn={03080188},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Interdiscip. Sci. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Carroll1991491,
author={Carroll, W.K. and Lewis, S.},
title={Restructuring Finance Capital: Changes in the Canadian Corporate Network 1976–1986},
journal={Sociology},
year={1991},
volume={25},
number={3},
pages={491-510},
doi={10.1177/0038038591025003010},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84970128005&doi=10.1177%2f0038038591025003010&partnerID=40&md5=f9bc24884607045d1fa0c42140f2d53b},
affiliation={Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Box 3050, Victoria, B.C., V8W 3P5, Canada; Department of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1 S6, Canada},
abstract={On the basis of a network analysis of interlocks among the largest Canadian corporations, this paper examines the restructuring of finance capital between 1976 and 1986, a time of great flux in the structure of capital, both internationally and in Canada. Results indicate a shift away from the relatively depersonalized system of `polyarchic financial hegemony’ - prevalent during the post-war boom era - towards a `holding system’ of family-controlled enterprise groups, the largest of which are self-contained financial-industrial complexes whose members are linked by complicated patterns of intercorporate ownership and capital allocation. The increasingly internationalized - and particularly continental - character of Canadian-based finance capital points to the consolidation of a circuit of transnational finance capital that expresses Canada's specific location in the global economy. © 1991, British Sociological Association Publications Limited. All rights reserved.},
references={Alba, R.D., A graph-theoretic definition of a sociometric clique (1973) Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 3, pp. 113-126; Andreff, W., The internationalization of capital and the reordering of world capitalism (1984) Capital and Class, 22, pp. 58-80; Bearden, J., Mintz, B., The structure of class cohesion: The corporate network and its dual (1987) Intercorporate Relations, , in Mizruchi, S. and Schwartz, M. (eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Berkowitz, S.D., Carrington, P.J., Kotowitz, Y., Waverman, L., The determination of enterprise groupings through combined ownership and directorship ties (1979) Social Networks, 1, pp. 391-413; (1985) Concentration of power in the financial services industry, , Toronto: Canadian Bankers Association; Carroll, W.K., The individual, class, and corporate power in Canada (1984) Canadian Journal of Sociology, 9, pp. 245-268; Carroll, W.K., (1986) Corporate Power and Canadian Capitalism, , Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press; Carroll, W.K., Neoliberalism and the restructuring of Canadian finance capital (1989) Capital & Class, 38, pp. 81-112; Carroll, W.K., Fox, J., Ornstein, M.D., The network of directorate links among the largest Canadian firms (1982) Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 19, pp. 44-69; Chodos, R., (1973) The CPR: A Century of Corporate Welfare, , Toronto: James Lewis and Samuel; Clement, W., (1977) Continental Corporate Power, , Toronto: McClelland and Stewart; Cuyvers, L., Meeusen, W., Financial groups in the Belgian network of interlocking directorships (1986) Networks of Corporate Power, , in Stokman, F.N. et al. (eds.) Oxford: Polity Press; Fenemma, M., (1982) International Networks of Banks and Industries, , Boston: Martin Nijhoff; Fleming, J., The top twenty-five: Who counts (and who doesn't) in corporate Canada (1988) Report on Business Magazine, pp. 41-57. , December; Francis, D., (1986) Controlling Interest, , Toronto: Macmillan of Canada; Goldenberg, S., (1984) The Thomson Empire, , Toronto: Bantam Books; Hilferding, R., (1981) Finance Capital, , Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Horvitch, S., Big banks eager to develop new areas for profit (1988) Financial Post Report on the Nation, pp. 52-54. , Dec. 3-5; Kaufman, M., The internationalization of Canadian bank capital (with a look at bank activity in the Caribbean and Central America) (1955) Journal of Canadian Studies, 19, pp. 61-81; Kotz, D.M., (1978) Bank Control of Large Corporations in the United States, , Berkeley: University of California Press; Krause, W., Lothian, J., Measurement of Canada's level of corporate concentration (1989) Canadian Economic Observer, pp. 3.14-3.27; Lacroix, J., Certain aspects of family management control among the leading Canadian enterprises (1983) Canadian Statistical Review, 58 (11), pp. vi-x; McMurdy, D., Alcan poison pill defence offers shares at half price (1989) Toronto Globe and Mail, pp. B1-B5. , December 16, 1989; Mokken, R.J., Stokman, F.N., (1981) GRADAP User's Manual, , Amsterdam: Technical Center FSW, University of Amsterdam; Neufeld, E.P., (1972) The Financial System of Canada: Its Growth and Development, , New York: St. Martin's Press; Niosi, J., (1978) The Economy of Canada, , Montreal: Black Rose Books; Niosi, J., (1981) Canadian Capitalism, , Toronto: James Lorimer; Ornstein, M.D., Interlocking directorates in Canada: Intercorporate or class alliance? (1984) Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, pp. 210-231; Ornstein, M.D., The social organization of the Canadian capitalist class in comparative perspective (1989) Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 26, pp. 151-177; Overbeek, H., Finance capital and the crisis in Britain (1980) Capital & Class, 2, pp. 99-120; Park, L., Park, F., (1973) Anatomy of Big Business, , Toronto: James Lewis and Samuel; Perlo, V., (1957) The Empire of High Finance, , New York: International Publishers; Piedalue, G., Les groupes financiers au Canada 1900-1930 (1976) Revue d’Histoire de l’Amerique Francaise, 30, pp. 13-34; Richardson, R.J., A structural-rational theory of the functions of directorship interlocks between financial and non-financial corporations (1985) The Structure of the Canadian Capitalist Class, , Brym, R.I. (ed.) Toronto: Garamond Press; Richardson, R.J., A sacred trust’: The trust industry and Canadian economic structure (1988) Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 25, pp. 1-22; Rugman, A.M., (1987) Outward Bound: Canadian Direct Investment in the United States, , Toronto: Canadian-American Committee; Salter, M., One tough team (1988) Report on Business Magazine, pp. 63-74. , November; Scott, J., (1985) Corporations, Class and Capitalism, , second edition London: Hutchinson; Scott, J., Intercorporate structures in western Europe: A comparative historical analysis (1987) Intercorporate Relations, , in Mizruchi, M.S. and Schwartz, M. (eds.) New York: Cambridge University Press; Sonquist, J.A., Koenig, T., Interlocking directorates in the top U.S. corporations: a graph theory approach (1975) Insurgent Sociologist, 5, pp. 196-229; Stokman, F.N., Wasseur, F.W., National networks of 1976: A structural comparison (1986) Networks of Corporate Power, , in Stokman, F.N., Ziegler, R. and Scott, J. (eds.) Oxford: Polity Press; Thompson, G., The relationship between the financial and industrial sector in the United Kingdom economy (1977) Economy and Society, 6, pp. 235-283; Useem, M., (1984) The Inner Circle, , New York: Oxford University Press; Ziegler, R., Bender, D., Biehler, H., Industry and banking in the German corporate network (1986) Networks of Corporate Power, , in Stokman, F.N., Ziegler, R. and Scott, J. (eds.) Oxford: Polity Press},
issn={00380385},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sociology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Khartukov1991610,
author={Khartukov, E.M. and Surovtsev, D.A.},
title={World oil market post-Gulf war a view from Moscow},
journal={Energy Policy},
year={1991},
volume={19},
number={7},
pages={610-614},
doi={10.1016/0301-4215(91)90092-3},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026273445&doi=10.1016%2f0301-4215%2891%2990092-3&partnerID=40&md5=0ff094daa09c59ac929c760d97844040},
affiliation={Eugene Khartukov and Dmitry Surovtsev are with the World Energy Analysis, Forecasting Group, GAPMER, 76 Vernadsky Av, Moscow, 117454, Russian Federation},
keywords={energy policy;  global economy;  Gulf War impact;  modelling system;  oil market;  policy-making aid, USSR},
references={(1990) OECD Economic Outlook, (48); (1991) Quarterly Report, , Centre for Global Energy Studies, London, UK},
correspondence_address1={Khartukov, E.M.; Eugene Khartukov and Dmitry Surovtsev are with the World Energy Analysis, Forecasting Group, GAPMER, 76 Vernadsky Av, Moscow, 117454, Russian Federation},
issn={03014215},
coden={ENPYA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Energy Policy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Griffith1991207,
author={Griffith, W.H.},
title={Lewis and Caribbean industrialization: policy, theory, and the new technology},
journal={Journal of Developing Areas},
year={1991},
volume={25},
number={2},
pages={207-230},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025998737&partnerID=40&md5=7a257beb581bd46b82b74bad370aa54d},
affiliation={Dept. of Economics, Bucknell Univ., Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA, United States},
abstract={Shortly after World War II ended, W. Arthur Lewis, in a study prepared for the Caribbean Commission, recommended that the British West Indies industrialize as quickly as possible. The need for this action was due to rapid population growth in the region and the inability of agriculture, the leading industry at the time, to absorb additonal units of labour. The aim of this article is to assess the appropriateness of Lewis's original industrial strategy as a means of alleviating the unemployment problem in the region now that the new technology is transforming production processes and the organization of industry in fundamental ways. The paper also demonstrates that, in today's technologically dynamic world, Caribbean governments must continually create comparative advantage rather than assume it will emerge naturally. It hypothesizes that, within the Caribbean context, the diffusion and application of the new technology to production processes will render Lewis's original industrial strategy ineffective in absorbing increasing amounts of labor in industrial activity. Regional governments and many policymakers fail to appreciate that the changing global economy, resulting partly from the development of the new technology, requires modification of the region's industrial strategy. -from Author},
keywords={Caribbean Commission;  comparative advantage;  developing country;  global economy;  industrial development;  industrial strategy;  industrialisation policy;  labour absorption;  Lewis;  policy assessment;  regional economy;  structural change;  technological application;  technology;  unemployment;  W.A., Caribbean},
issn={0022037X},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Clark1990,
author={Clark, J.G.},
title={The political economy of world energy: a twentieth century perspective},
journal={The political economy of world energy: a twentieth century perspective},
year={1990},
page_count={397},
note={cited By 36},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040890340&partnerID=40&md5=ab64f400f5a179733e7cb88651cc4e05},
abstract={Presents a wide-ranging study of the role of energy in the 20th century world economy, which reviews and analyses political, institutional, social, and economic factors affecting global supplies and usage from 1900 to 1980. The author describes the constantly changing relationships between leading industrial nations and important energy producers from the Second and Third Worlds. Chapters are arranged chronologically, and cover: the maturation of Western industrial economies, 1900-18; the search for energy in the inter-war years; energy flows in a politically polarised world; the owners of the world's petroleum resources; cheap energy, security, and the industrialised nations, 1960-73; the West and the 1973-78 energy crisis; developing countries and the oil boom of the 1970s; the Iranian Revolution and its aftermath; and a summary and conclusions. The book not only explores policies and events in key energy-producing nations but also the efforts of developing countries and non-energy-producing nations to become producers or to otherwise profit from or control the processing of raw fuels. -P.Hardiman},
keywords={energy;  energy source;  global economy;  political economy},
publisher={Harvester Wheatsheaf},
isbn={0745005349; 9780745005348},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Richetto1990101,
author={Richetto, J.P. and Moitra, C.},
title={The United States' manufacturing sector: trends in the spatial pattern of inward foreign direct investment},
journal={Geografiska Annaler, Series B},
year={1990},
volume={72 B},
number={2-3},
pages={101-116},
doi={10.1080/04353684.1990.11879606},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025527320&doi=10.1080%2f04353684.1990.11879606&partnerID=40&md5=7ef7bf7107b4221e67ebf4f658a6a45b},
abstract={Throughout the 25 yr immediately following World War II the US economy grew rapidly experiencing near cataclysmic growth in technology sophistication, transportation and communication infrastructure, rates of industrial productivity, and levels of outward foreign direct investment (FDI). Thereafter, however, the US economy has undergone profound change including a rise in the cost of capital, increased levels of competition and uncertainty at both the domestic and international levels, a negative balance of trade payments, and an ever-increasing inward FDI into the US economy, especially its manufacturing sector. Although the changing role of the US in the global economy has been and will continue to be a result of all of the above factors among others, the focus of this study is to examine the spatial and temporal shifts in US FDI, from a once predominant outflow of investment to a current inflow of transactions and to discuss the resultant changes for economic restructuring and its future position in the global economy. -from Authors},
keywords={direct investment;  economic growth;  foreign investment;  investment source;  manufacturing;  restructuring;  spatial analysis, USA},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{BROWETT198931,
author={BROWETT, J. and LEAVER, R.},
title={Shifts in the Global Capitalist Economy and the National Economic Domain},
journal={Australian Geographical Studies},
year={1989},
volume={27},
number={1},
pages={31-46},
doi={10.1111/j.1467-8470.1989.tb00590.x},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024786004&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-8470.1989.tb00590.x&partnerID=40&md5=294ff173ce334f61ef78c387eada443b},
affiliation={School of Social Sciences, Flinden University of South Australia, Australia},
abstract={The greater part of regional development theory and thinking focuses most attention either upon spatial structure within nation states or upon inherent tendencies/free market forces within capitalist social formations/domestic economies. The great significance that is attached to the nation state is entirely understandable in terms of the historical specificity of the re‐emergence of regional development studies in the post‐war era. It is, however, no longer a sufficiently adequate basis for analysis Rather, it is necessary to commence analyses with a consideration of shifts in the global capitalist economy. Whilst the significance of the impacts of the growth in the internationalisation of production have been noted, more attention needs to be devoted to shifts from public to private economic power and from order to disorder in international finance markets. These shifts are not accidental They can be traced to internal weaknesses and inconsistencies in the Bretton Woods arrangements which eroded their ultimate foundation, that of monetary stability. As one consequence, the unregulated growth of private economic power, endemic instability and extreme volatility in international finance markets have all directly and indirectly undermined and eroded the extent of control over domestic economic policy on the part of the nation state Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved},
keywords={economic power;  free market;  global economy;  international finance;  regional development theory;  spatial structure},
references={(1987) Life After Debt, , ACFOA, Canberra; Aglietta, M., World Capitalism in the Eighties (1982) New Left Review, 136, pp. 5-41; Andreff, W., The International Centralization of Capital and the Re‐Ordering of World Capitalism (1984) Capital and Class, 22, pp. 58-80; Armstrong, H., Taylor, J., (1978) Regional Economic Policy and its Analysis, , Philip Allan, Oxford; (1976) Underdevelopment and Development, , Bernstein, H., (ed), Penguin, Harmondsworth; Bradbury, J.H., Regional and Industrial Restructuring Processes in the New International Division of Labour (1985) Progress in Human Geography, 9 (1), pp. 38-63; Browett, J., Development, the Diffusionist Paradigm and Geography (1980) Progress in Human Geography, 4 (1), pp. 57-79; Browett, J., On the Necessity and Inevitability of Uneven Spatial Development under Capitalism (1984) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 8 (2), pp. 155-176; Browett, J.G., The Newly Industrialising Countries and Radical Theories of Development (1985) World Development, 13 (7), pp. 789-803; Browett, J.G., Industrialisation in die Global Periphery: The Significance of the Newly Industrialising Countries of East and South East Asia (1986) Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 4 (4), pp. 401-418; Bryan, R., The Stale and the Internationalisation of Capital: An Approach to Analysis (1987) Journal of Contemporary Asia, 17 (3), pp. 253-275; Burkitt, B., (1984) Radical Political Economy, , Wheatsheaf, Brighton; Bums, M., (1987), p. 17. , Why Voting Liberal Won't Dump the dollar, Times on Sunday, 7/6/87; Cameron, D., Order and Disorder in the World Economy (1983) Studies in Political Economy, 11, pp. 105-126; Carnoy, M., (1984) The State and Political Theory, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ; Carter, I., The Highlands of Scotland as an Underdeveloped Region (1974) Sociology and Development, pp. 279-311. , E. de Kadt, G. Williams, Tavistock, London; Chinitz, B., The Regional Transformation of the American Economy (1986) Urban Studies, 23 (5), pp. 377-390; Clark, G.L., Gertler, M.S., Whiteman, J., (1986) Regional Dynamics: Studies in Adjustment Theory, , Allen and Unwin, Boston; Corbridge, S., Capitalism, Industrialization and Development (1986) Progress in Human Geography, 10 (1), pp. 48-67; Crough, G., Wheelwright, T., (1982) Australia: A Client State, , Penguin, Ringwood, Vic; Dicken, P., (1986) Global Shift Industrial Change in a Turbulent World, , Harper and Row, London; Dunford, M., Geddes, M., Perrons, D., Regional Policy and Crisis in the U.K.: A Long‐Run Perspective (1981) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 5 (3), pp. 377-408; Fagan, R.H., Geographically Uneven Development: Restructuring of the Australian Aluminium Industry (1981) Australian Geographical Studies, 19 (2), pp. 141-160; Ferrao, J., Jensen‐Butler, C., The Centre‐Periphery Model and Industrial Development in Portugal (1982) Environment and Planning D Society and Space, 2, pp. 375-402; (1984), Forbes, D. K., Rimmer, P. J., : Uneven Development and the Geographical Transfer of Value, Human Geography Monograph 16, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra; Gordon, D., The Global Economy: New Edifice or Crumbling Foundations (1988) New Left Review, 168, pp. 24-64; Gore, C., (1984) Regions in Question: Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy, , Methuen, London; Hadjimichalis, C., (1987) Uneven Development and Regionalism, , Croom Helm, London; Hamilton, A., (1986) The Financial Revolution, , Penguin, Harmondsworth; (1987) Industrial Change in Advanced Economies, , Hamilton, F. E. I., Croom Helm, London; Hechter, M., (1975) Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536–1966, , Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; (1983) States and Societies, , Held, D. et al., Martin Robertson, Oxford; Holland, S., (1976) Capital Versus the Regions, , Macmillan, London; Jenkins, R., Divisions over the International Division of Labour (1984) Capital and Class, 22, pp. 28-57; Jensen‐Butler, C., Capital Accumulation and Regional Development: The Case of Denmark (1982) Environment and Planning A, 14 (10), pp. 1307-1340; Laidlaw, K., Laishley, R., (1980) Crisis Decade‐ Looking into the Eighties, , International Coalition for Development Action, London; Lapple, D., Internationalization of Capital and the Regional Problem (1983) Capital and Labour in the Urbanized World, , Chapter 3 in, J. Walton, Sage Studies in International, London; Lipietz, A., The Structuration of Space, the Problem of Land, and Spatial Policy (1980) Regions in Crisis, , Chapter 3 in, J. Carney, R. Hudson, J. Lewis, Croom Helm, London; Lipietz, A., Inter‐regional Polarisation and the Tertiarisation of Society (1980) Papers of the Regional Science Association, 44, pp. 3-17; Lipietz, A., Imperialism or the Beast of the Apocalypse (1984) Capital and Class, 22, pp. 81-109; Lipietz, A., New Tendencies in the International Division of Labour Regimes of Accumulation and Modes of Regulation (1986) Production, Work, Territory: The Geographical Anatomy of Industrial Capitalism, , Chapter 2 in, A. J. Scott, M. Storper, Allen and Unwin, Boston; Massey, D., Introduction (1984) Geography Matters, , D. Massey, J. Allen, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Massey, D., (1984) Spatial Division of Labour Social Structures and the Geography of Production, , Macmillan, London; Morris, J.L., Industrial Restructuring, Foreign Direct Investment, and Uneven Development: The Case of Wales (1987) Environment and Planning A, 19 (2), pp. 205-224; Murray, R., The Internationalization of Capital and the Nation State (1971) New Left Review, 67, pp. 84-109; O'Keefe, P., (1984) Regional Restructuring under Advanced Capitalism, , Croom Helm, London; Peet, R., Spatial Dialectics and Marxist Geography (1981) Progress in Human Geography, 5, pp. 105-110; Peet, R., Relations of Production and the Relocation of United States Manufacturing Industry since 1960 (1983) Economic Geography, 59 (2), pp. 112-143; Peet, R., Class Struggle, the Relocation of Employment and Economic Crises (1984) Science and Society, 48 (1), pp. 38-51; Radice, H., The National Economy: A Keynesian Myth (1984) Capital and Class, 22, pp. 111-140; Richardson, H.W., Approaches to Regional Development Theory in Western Market Economies (1984) Regional Development Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe, pp. 4-33. , G. Demko, Croom Helm, London; Roddick, J., Crisis, ‘Seigniorage’ and the Modem World System; Rising Third World Power or Declining US Hegemony (1984) Capital and Class, 23, pp. 121-134; Shakow, D.M., Graham, S., The Impact of the Changing International Division of Labour on the Labour Force in Mature Industrial Regions (1983) Antipode, 15 (2), pp. 18-22; Sheppard, E., Barnes, T.J., Instabilities in the Geography of Capitalist Production: Collective vs Individual Profit Maximization (1986) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 76 (4), pp. 493-507; Skocpol, T., Wallerstein's World Capitalist System: A Theoretical and Historical Critique (1977) American Journal of Sociology, 82 (5), pp. 1075-1090; Slater, D., The State and Issues of Regional Analysis in Latin America (1983) Capital and Labour in the Urbanized World, , Chapter 4 in, J. Walton, Sage Studies in International, London; Smith, N., (1984) Uneven Development Nature, Capital and the Production of Space, , Blackwell, London; Smith, N., On the Necessity of Uneven Development (1986) International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 10 (1), pp. 87-103; Soja, E., The Sociospatial Dialectic (1980) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70, pp. 207-225; Soja, E.W., A Materialist Interpretation of Spatiality (1984) Research School of Pacific Studies, pp. 43-77. , D. K. Forbes, P.J. Rimmer, eds., Uneven Development and the Geographic Transfer of Value, Human Geography Monograph No. 16, Australian National University, Canberra; Stewart, M., (1984) The Age of Interdependence: Economk Policy in a Shrinking World, , MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass; Stilwell, F., Capital Accumulation and Regional Economic Performance: The Australian Experience (1982) Australian Geographical Studies, 20 (2), pp. 131-143; Strange, S., (1986) Casino Capitalism, , Blackwell, Oxford; Susman, P.H., Regional Restructuring and Transnational Corporations (1981) Antipode, 13 (2), pp. 15-24; Susman, P., Schutz, E., Monopoly and Competitive Firm Relations and Regional Development in Global Capitalism (1983) Economic Geography, 59 (2), pp. 161-177; Swedberg, R., The Impact of an Exogenous Event: The Oil Shocks, the Private Banks and the Origins of the Debt Crisis (1987) International Social Science Journal, 113, pp. 323-335; (1982) The Geography of Multinationals, , Taylor, M. J., Thrift, N. J., Croom Helm, London; (1986) Multinationals and the Restructuring of the World Economy, , Taylor, M. J., Thrift, N. J., Croom Helm, London; Thrift, N.J., Research Policy and Review 1. Taking the Rest of the World Seriously? The State of British Urban and Regional Research in a Time of Economic Crises (1985) Environment and Planning A, 17 (1), pp. 7-24; Thrift, N., The Geography of International Economic Disorder (1986) A World in Crisis? Geographical Perspectives, , Chapter 2 in, R. J. Johnston, P.J. Taylor, Blackwell, Oxford; Thrift, N., Leyshon, A., The Gambling Propensity: Banks, Developing Country Debt Exposures and the New International Financial System (1988) Geoforum, 19 (1), pp. 55-69; Weaver, C., Development Theory and die Regional Question (1981) Development from Above or Below, , Chapter 3 in, W. B. Stohr, D. R. F. Taylor, Wiley, New York; Wheelwright, T., The World of Debt and the Flights of Capital (1987) Arena, 80, pp. 19-27; Wolfe, D., The Crisis in Advanced Capitalism: An Introduction (1983) Studies in Political Economy, 11, pp. 7-26},
correspondence_address1={BROWETT, J.; School of Social Sciences, Australia},
issn={00049190},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Aust. Geogr. Stud.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kennedy1988245,
author={Kennedy, M.C.},
title={The new global network of corporate power and the decline of national self-determination},
journal={Contemporary Crises},
year={1988},
volume={12},
number={3},
pages={245-276},
doi={10.1007/BF00728649},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038696050&doi=10.1007%2fBF00728649&partnerID=40&md5=bca0e6b865248b891a16eaf82fae0c75},
affiliation={The American University in Cairo, Egypt},
abstract={The cold war years witnessed the steady deterioration of America's machine tool base and the start of the migration of U.S. production into Third World countries. Not merely America but also the very core of Western production was and still is going global. Quite recently a new development appears, namely, public and private sector corporations from once peripheral and semi-peripheral areas moving assembly plant production into North America and parts of Europe, and some of them have already purchased a number of American corporations which had not gone global. As the old center deteriorates, the once peripheral and semi-peripheral enterprises close in on it forming the present global corporate network - one which locks all national economies into the global economy and increasingly renders nations powerless to control their own socioeconomic destiny. In a very real sense, with the possible exception of nations that control giant public sector multinational firms, all nations are becoming peripheral, but peripheral to the new supranational network of corporate power. These complex processes which followed unerringly from corporate delinquencies of the cold war mean that the mainstream theories of global development as enunciated by Andre Gundar Frank, Samir Amin and Immanuel Wallerstein, for example, require overhauling. This paper expands this thesis and offers an alternative to contemporary global development theories. © 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
references={Adam, Gyorgy (1972). ‘The Big International Firms and the Socialist Countries.’ Cited in Barnet and Muller, Global Reach (1974); Amin, (1974) Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (2 vols), , Monthly Review Press, New York; Amin, (1976) Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Foundations of Peripheral Capitalism, , Monthly Review Press, New York; Betts, Paul (1987). ‘French Government Cuts Next Year's Industry Budget by 9%,’Financial Times, European News section 7/22/87: 2; Barnet, R.J., Muller, R.E., (1974) Global Reach, , Simon and Schuster, New York; Bornschier, Volker and Jean Pierre Hoby (1981). ‘Economic Policy and Multinational Corporations in Development,’Social Problems Vol. 28, No. 4; Boyle, Thomas F. (1984). ‘Nippon Kokan Agrees to Buy 50% Stake in National Steel,’The Wall Street Journal, April, 25; Bronfenbrenner, March (1978). ‘A World Class Economist from Underdeveloped Africa,’Economic Development and Cultural Change 27 (October); Burgess, John (1988). ‘After Tears of Courting Foreign Investors, the U.S. Count its Costs: Nation's Pride at Issue,’International Herald Tribune, 23 February, p. 1; Commodities Staff (1985). ‘Shell Wins Soviet Deal,’Financial Times, 2/22/85: 4; Calavita, Kitt (1984). U.S. Immigration Law and the Control of Labor, 1820–1924, Academic Press; Carlo, Multinational Enterprises and National States: An Incurable Conflict (1983) International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 11, pp. 105-121; Dispatches (staff), (1987). ‘GE to Sell Electronics to Thompson,’International Herald Tribune, 7/23/87: 1; Emmanuel, Arghiri (1972). Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade. Monthly Review Press; Engler, (1961) The Politics of Oil: A Study of Private Power and Democratic Directions, , Macmillan, New York; Engler, (1977) The Brotherhood of Oil, , The University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Fortune Magazine (1983). Special issue on the 500 largest industrial corporations, 5/2/83; Frank, The Development of Underdevelopment (1966) Monthly Review, 18, pp. 17-31. , September; Frank, Andre G. (1967). ‘The Sociology of Development and the Underdevelopment of Sociology,’Catalyst, (Summer), 20–74. Subsequently republished; Girvan, (1976) Corporate Imperialism: Conflict and Expropriation, , Monthly Review Press, New York; Hacker, (1964) The Corporation Takeover, , Harper and Row, New York; Hunt, Shane (1972). Latin America in the 1970's. Monograph R-1067-DOS prepared under auspices of the Rand Corporation for the U.S. Department of State; Keller, Bill, (1987). ‘Ultra-Radical Chic: Attacking the Soviet Economy,’International Herald Tribune June 26, 1987; Kelly, E., National Treatment and the Formulation of a Code of Conduct for Transnational Corporations (1980) Legal Aspects of The New International Economic Order, , K., Hossain, Frances Pinter, London; Kidron, Segal, (1984) The New State of the World Atlas, , Simon and Schuster, Pluto Press Project, New York; Kennedy, Mark C. (1981). ‘Open Doors, Transnationals and the Global Division of Labor: General Trends and the Egyptian Case,’Social Problems Vol. 28, No. 4; Kennedy, Mark C. (1968). The Division of Labor and The Culture of Capitalism. Ph.d. Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo; Kindelberger, C.P. (1969). American Business Abroad: Six Lectures on Direct Investment; Magdoff, (1969) The Age of Imperialism, , Monthly Review Press, New York; McKenzie, R.D. (1927). ‘The Concept of Dominance and World Domination,’The American Journal of Sociology, July; Melman, (1965) Our Depleted Society, , Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York; Melman, (1974) The Permanent War Economy, , Simon and Schuster, New York; Monsen, R., Walters, K., (1986) Nationalized Companies: A Threat to American Business, , McGraw-Hill, New York; Moody, (1921) Masters of Capital, , Yale University Press, New Haven; Mulakami, N. (1971). ‘Multinational Car-making: Wave of the Future,’Egyptian Gazette, Guest Editorial from New York Times, 2 February; Murray, R. (1970). ‘Underdevelopment, International Firms and The International Division of Labor,’ in R. Murray (ed.), Towards a New World Economy; Nixson, F.I., Controlling the Transnational? Political Economy and the United Nations Code of Conduct (1982) International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 11, pp. 83-103; Noble, Kenneth B. (1985). ‘Union Faces Uphill Drive at Honda Plant in U.S.,’International Herald Tribune, 11 December: 5. First published in 1913; Reich, Robert B. (1983). ‘The Threat of the Global Corporation,’Canadian Business, August: 57–65; Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques (1972). The American Challenge; Stobaugh, Robert (1971). The International Transfer of Technology in the Establishment of the Petrochemical Industry in Developing Countries. UN Institute for Training and Research; Report no. 12; Tolchin, Martin (1988). ‘Yeutter Sees Backlash,’International Herald Tribune 23 February, p. 1; Vaughan, Mary (1974). ‘Multinational Corporations: The World as a Company Town,’ in Idris-Soven, Idris-Soven and Vaughan, The World as a Company Town; Vernon, Raymond (1966). ‘International Investment and International Trade in the Product Life Cycle,’Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol. 80; Vernon, Raymond (1969). Sovereignty at Bay. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books; Wallace, D., (1976) International Control of Investment, , D., Wallace, Jr., Praeger, New York; Wallerstein, (1979) The Capitalist World Economy: Essays, , Cambridge University Press, New York; Wallerstein, (1980) The Modern World System, , Academic Press, New York; Warren, B. (1971). ‘The Internationalization of Capital and the Nation State: A Comment,’New Left Review, 68 July–August; Zaslow, Jeffrey (1984). ‘Collision Course: Heavy-Truck Makers in U.S. are Driven By Foreign Producers-Europeans Control a Third of the American Market After Three Purchases,”Wall Street Journal, 3/26/84:1},
correspondence_address1={Kennedy, M.C.; The American University in CairoEgypt},
publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers},
issn={03781100},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Contemporary Crises},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Daly1988149,
author={Daly, M.T.},
title={Australian cities: The challenge of the 1980s},
journal={Australian Geographer},
year={1988},
volume={19},
number={1},
pages={149-161},
doi={10.1080/00049188808702956},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024160364&doi=10.1080%2f00049188808702956&partnerID=40&md5=e075e977b0f5b219e0de16d7092708c2},
affiliation={Department of Geography, University of Sydney, PO Box 2111, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia},
abstract={The growth of Australian cities was the most prominent aspect of Australia's development during the boom years from the end of World War Two. As the nation pursued a policy of import substitution, the economies of the cities became firmly based on manufacturing. Mass production methods and mass consumption dictated the pattern of urban development. Such growth was premissed on very special conditions that enabled the system to accommodate the fluctuations that inevitably occur within the capitalist mode of production in general, and mass production methods in particular. A nation which had always been highly urbanised and open to international influences became even more deeply enmeshed in the fluctuating fortunes of the global economy. As the special factors supporting the postwar prosperity broke down through the 1970s and 1980s, Australian cities have faced a number of critical problems of adapting to the new environment. © 1988, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
keywords={global economy;  import substitution;  mass consumption;  mass production methods;  urban development, Australia},
references={(1985) Australian national accounts: gross product by industry, 1982–83 and 1933–84, , Catalogue No. 5211.0, ABS. Canberra; (1985) Imports, Australia, 1984–85, , Catalogue No. 5406.0, ABS. Canberra; (1985) The labour force, historical summary 1966–1984, Australia, , Catalogue No. 6204.0, ABS. Canberra; (1973) Australian national accounts: national income and expenditure, 1971–72, , Reference No. 7.1, CBCS, Canberra; Daly, M.T., (1982) Sydney boom Sydney bust: the city and its property market, 1850–1981, , George Allen & Unwin, Sydney; Daly, M.T., Capital cities (1987) Australia: a geography. Volume 2: space and society, pp. 75-111. , in Jeans, D. N. (ed.) Sydney University Press, Sydney; Fishman, R., Bourgeois utopias: the rise and fall of suburbia (1987), Basic Books, New York; Norton, R.D., Rees, J., The product cycle and the spatial decentralisation of American manufacturing (1979) Regional Studies, 13, pp. 141-151; Piore, M.J., Sabel, C.F., (1984) The second industrial divide, , Basic Books, New York; Taylor, M., Thrift, N., The changing spatial concentration of large company ownership and control in Australia 1953-1978 (1981) Australian Geographer, 15, pp. 98-105; Thomas, B., (1972) Migration and urban development, , Methuen, London},
correspondence_address1={Daly, M.T.; Department of Geography, PO Box 2111, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia},
issn={00049182},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Aust. Geogr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Borrus198864,
author={Borrus, M.},
title={Chip Wars: Can the U.S. Regain Its Advantage in Microelectronics?},
journal={California Management Review},
year={1988},
volume={30},
number={4},
pages={64-79},
doi={10.2307/41166527},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928506212&doi=10.2307%2f41166527&partnerID=40&md5=669dc63e5837348bfcfe4441c4f68fb3},
abstract={Over the last decade, the United States has lost its once dominant position in the critical microelectronics industry to Japan. The success of Japanese companies in this industry has been a result of both Japanese public policy and the Japanese domestic market structure. Unless U.S. firms are able to gain access to Japan’s domestic market, the U.S. will continue to find themselves at a disadvantage in international competition. The United States urgently needs to develop an aggressive but coherent industrial policy that will insure an open global economy. © 1988, Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.},
references={Boriako, A.A., The Chip (1982) National Geographic, p. 421. , October; (1987) Report on the Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Semiconductor Dependency, , Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Washington, D.C., February; National Materials Advisory Board to the National Science Foundation (1986) Advanced Processing of Electronic Materials in the United States and Japan, , Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; (1985) JTECH: Panel Report on Opto-and Microelectronics, , Science Applications International Corporation, La Jolla, CA, May; Report on Defense Semiconductor Dependency Mackintosh Yearbook on European Electronics, , as modified by estimates derived from data provided by the U.S. and Japanese electronics industry associations, and the various issues. If anything, the estimate is likely to be conservative; Laurence, R., (1981) Can America Compete?, , New York, NY: Praeger; Stowsky, J., (1987) The Weakest Link: Semiconductor Production Equipment, Linkages, and the Limits to International Trade, , of the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy (BRIE) BRIE Working Paper 27; Johnson, C., (1985) MITI and the Japanese Miracle, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press who does not, however, draw the conclusion about the international competitive impacts of domestic Japanese policies and structures; Cohen, S., Zysman, J., (1987) Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of The Post Industrial Economy, , New York, NY: Basic Books; Denison, E., (1985) Trends in American Economic Growth 1929-1982, , Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution; Abernathy, W., (1978) The Productivity Dilemma: Roadblock to Innovation in the Automobile Industry, , Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; Cohen, S., Teece, D., Tyson, L.D., Zysman, J., (1985) Competitiveness. Vol. III; Global Competition: The New Reality, , The Report of the President’s Commission on Industrial Competitiveness Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; Sabel, C.F., Piore, M.J., (1984) The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity, , New York, NY: Basic Books; (1982) Houdaille Industries, Inc., , Petitioner: 31 July; (1971) Section 103 of the Revenue Act of; Mckenna, R., Borrus, M., Cohen, S., Industrial Policy and International Competition in High Technology: Part I—Blocking Capital Formation (1984) California Management Review, 26-2. , Winter},
issn={00081256},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Calif. Manage. Rev.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kaplinsky1987,
author={Kaplinsky, R.},
title={HUMAN FACTORS IN THE LABOUR PROCESS AND THE INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOUR IN MANUFACTURING.},
journal={International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology},
year={1987},
volume={2},
number={l},
pages={l5-24},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023292621&partnerID=40&md5=b0a5c73362743d8dc35aa29c24603a25},
affiliation={Univ of Sussex, Brighton, Engl, Univ of Sussex, Brighton, Engl},
abstract={In trying to gage the importance of human factors in the international division of labor in manufacturing it is useful to recap some of the main features of the post war global economy until recession set in in the mid 1970s. An attempt is made to consider briefly what is meant by the labor process. The author proposes to map out the central elements of the Fordist labor process which emerged in the IACs over the past three centuries. Then the new Japanese-style labor processes are described briefly - in both cases special emphasis will be laid on the 'human' element in the manufacturing process. The paper examines the implications which this might hold for the Third World. Beause space is constrained, the discussion is limited to the barest essentials of the argument.},
keywords={INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT, FORDIST LABOR PROCESS;  HUMAN FACTORS;  JAPANESE LABOR PROCESS;  LABOR PROCESS DEFINITION, PRODUCTION ENGINEERING},
correspondence_address1={Kaplinsky, R.; Univ of Sussex, , Univ of Sussex, Brighton, Engl},
issn={02683768},
coden={IJATE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int J Adv Manuf Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Connell1984306,
author={Connell, J.},
title={Islands under pressure - population growth and urbanization in the South Pacific.},
journal={Ambio},
year={1984},
volume={13},
number={5-6},
pages={306-312},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021571830&partnerID=40&md5=ef96df5ecc7e77db39bb0a8420a9f832},
affiliation={Univ of Sydney Australia, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia., Australia},
abstract={The many varied island economies have increasingly become incorporated into the global economy. Populations have grown rapidly in the post-war years. Family planning has rarely succeeded but migration beyond the South Pacific provides some respite to incresed population pressure. Urbanization, the search for employment and education, and growing population densities have resulted in increased unemployment, shantytowns, and social and environmental problems which are beyond the capacity of small countries to resolve. Policies to minimize rural-urban migration have been few and although an emphasis on rural development has provided some solutions, environmental problems may worsen.-Journal summary},
language={English},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Isaksen1983,
author={Isaksen, J.},
title={(The world economy in the 1970s with particular emphasis on the problems of the developing countries). [Verdensokonomien i 70-ara med saerlig vekt pa u-landenes problemer.]},
journal={Chr. Michelsens Institutt, DERAP Arbeidsnotat},
year={1983},
number={A 289},
page_count={20},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040298514&partnerID=40&md5=cf31ca220c5819fea34c3fcb68e4bb9e},
abstract={World economic growth in the 1970s is different from the rest of the post-war period. Important explanatory factors are oil-price increases and the policy measures they triggered off in both developing and industrial economies. The so-called middle income countries have managed better, growth-wise, than both the industrialized countries and the low-income countries which are the losers in the world economy. At the start of the 1980s, the situation is critical for many developing countries and almost all the Norwegian main cooperation countries. The latest signs of an improvement in the world economy will hardly lead to a development bringing back the situation before the early seventies. -from English summary},
keywords={developing countries;  economic growth;  Economic growth;  global economy;  Norwegian;  Norwegian main cooperation countries.;  World economy},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}