{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["Efficiency  papers"],"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"Efficiency  papers","index":0,"n_rows":133,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":133,"merged":[[0,0,0,2]]}
["Additional file 1: Publications selected for review"]
["Author (date)","Year of publication","Manuscript title","Country and / study site","Level of system","Study objective (s)"]
["Evans et al., (2000)",2000,"The comparative efficiency of national health systems in producing health: an analysis of 191 countries","191 countries","National","To find an approach of measuring health system performance in a systematic way that allows comparison across countries and within countries over time"]
["Tandon et al., (2000)",2000,"Measuring overall health system performance for 191 countries","Indonesia","Subnational","To review the methodology for measuring efficiency in macro systems using the health and education sectors, and to measure health system efficiency at the district level in Indonesia "]
["Canagarajah and Ye, (2001)",2001,"Public Health and Education Spending in Ghana in 1992–98: Issues of Equity and Efficiency","Ghana","National","To analyze the efficiency and equity issues in public expenditures in the health and education sectors in Ghana during the 1990s."]
["Evans et al., (2001)",2001,"Comparative efficiency of national health systems: cross national econometric analysis","191 countries","National ","To improve the evidence base for health policy by devising a method to measure and monitor the performance of health systems."]
["Gravelle et al., (2003)",2003,"Comparing the efficiency of national health systems: a sensitivity analysis of the WHO approach","141 countries","National","To estimate the efficiency of promoting population health in the study countries and to compare the efficiency scores under different definitions of efficiency and different estimation methods."]
["Hollingsworth and Wildman, (2003)",2003,"The efficiency of health production: Re-estimating the WHO Panel data using parametric and nonparametric approaches to provide additional information ","191 countries","National","To use and validate a range of parametric and non-parametric empirical methods to measure efficiency of healthcare systems using data from the World Health Organization."]
["Greene, (2004)",2004,"Distinguishing Between Heterogeneity and Inefficiency: Stochastic Frontier Analysis of the World Health Organization’s Panel Data on National Health Care Systems","191 countries","National","To reanalyze WHO data by using alternative approaches to stochastic frontier analysis in order to distinguish between heterogeneity and inefficiency of national healthcare systems."]
["Sankar and Kathuria, (2004)",2004,"Health System Performance in Rural India: Efficiency Estimates across States","16 states in India.","Subnational","To analyze the performance of rural public health systems of 16 major states in India"]
["Bhat, (2005)",2005,"Institutional Arrangements and Efficiency of Health Care Delivery Systems ","24 countries","National","To calculate the efficiency of healthcare delivery systems of each selected countries and to  examine the effects of the various healthcare financing, regulatory and organizational designs on the efficiency of healthcare delivery systems using data envelopment analysis. "]
["Herrera and Pang, (2005)",2005,"Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries : An Efficiency Frontier Approach Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries : An Efficiency Frontier Approach","140 developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America","National","To estimate the efficiency of 140 countries using free disposable hull and data. Envelopment analysis, and explain the cross-country variation in efficiency score while controlling for environmental variables."]
["Loikkanen and Susiluoto, (2005)",2005,"Cost efficiency of finnish munispalities in basic service provision 1994-2002 ","353 Finnish municipalities","Subnational","To determine the efficiency of basic welfare provision in the health, social and education sector in Finnish municipalities. "]
["Spinks and Hollingsworth, (2005)",2005,"Health production and the socioeconomic determinants of health in OECD countries: the use of efficiency models","28 OECD countries","National","To extend a framework to analyze the technical efficiency of health production at a country level and describe the limitations inherent in using such an analysis as a policy tool."]
["Tandon, (2005)",2005,"Measuring Efficiency of Macro Systems: An Application to Millennium Development Goal Attainment","191 countries","National","To assess the performance of countries in terms of achieving improvement in the health of the population, enhanced responsiveness and fairness in financing and financial risk protection."]
["Afonso and St Aubyn, (2006)",2006,"Relative Efficiency of Health Provision: a DEA Approach with Non-discretionary Inputs* ","OECD countries","National","To compare the efficiency of the health systems in OECD countries using data envelopment analysis and identify the determinants of efficiency using regression analysis."]
["Grosskopf et al., (2006)",2006,"Estimating the efficiency of the system of healthcare financing in achieving better health ","142 countries ","National","To model and measure how the method of financing of health expenditure affects the efficiency with which better health can be achieved."]
["Sousa et al., (2006)",2006,"Measuring the efficiency of human resources for health for attaining health outcomes across subnational units in Brazil","Municipalities in Brazil","Subnational","To explore the relationship between the coverage of antenatal care achieved by municipalities in Brazil and the availability of health workers by means of a production function approach."]
["Suraratdecha and Okunade, (2006)",2006,"Measuring operational efficiency in a health care system: A case study from Thailand ","Regions in Thailand","Subnational","To measure the relationship between medical resource use and efficiency of Thailand’s healthcare system using the flexible trans log production modelling methodology."]
["Verhoeven et al., (2007)",2007,"The Health Sector in the Slovak Republic: Efficiency and Reform","Slovak Republic","National","To evaluate the efficiency of health expenditures and service delivery in Slovak Republic in comparison to the OECD and other new EU member states."]
["Chansa et al., (2008)",2008,"Exploring SWAp’s contribution to the efficient allocation and use of resources in the health sector in Zambia","Zambia","National","To explore administrative, technical and allocative efficiency in the Zambian health sector following the introduction of sector-wide approach."]
["Dash et al., (2008)",2008,"Technical Efficiency in the Use of Health Care Resources: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu","29 Districts in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu","Subnational","To analyze the efficiency of health service production using health data at the district level in the state of Tamil Nadu"]
["Jafarov and Gunnarsson, (2008)",2008,"Efficiency of government social spending in Croatia","Croatia","National","To analyze and compare the relative efficiency of social spending in Croatia against the EU-15, EU-10, Cyprus, Malta and OECD countries. "]
["Li and Ilacqua, (2008)",2008,"Health Care Efficiency In Transition Economies: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis ","Transition economies","National","To measure healthcare efficiencies of transition economies and the potential policy implications"]
["Ng, (2008)",2008,"The Productive Efficiency of the Health Care Sector of China ","29 provinces in China","Subnational","To analyze the productive efficiency of China’s health sector in the post reform period using province level heath data."]
["Schleiniger, (2008)",2008,"Regional Quantity, Productivity and Efficiency Measures of the Swiss Health Care System  ","Cantons in Switzerland","Subnational","To calculate productivity measures of the cantons in Switzerland using data envelopment analysis. "]
["Wu et al., (2008)",2008,"Evaluating the resource allocation efficiency of the healthcare system in Taiwan","23 cities and counties in Taiwan","Subnational","To evaluate the operation and resource allocation efficiency of the healthcare systems in 23 counties and cities in Taiwan based on 2003 data."]
["Purohit, (2009)",2009,"Efficiency of Health Care Sector at Sub-State Level in India: A Case of Punjab","India","Subnational","To determine the efficiency of Punjab state health system using stochastic frontier model."]
["González et al., (2010)",2010,"Value efficiency analysis of health systems: does public financing play a role?","38 European countries","National","To assess the efficiency of national health systems in supporting health outcomes of the population as well as in financing the resources for providing health services."]
["Kumbhakar, (2010)",2010,"Efficiency and productivity of world health systems: where does your country stand?","140 World Health Organisation member countries","National","To estimate the health system efficiency of World Health Organisation member countries using stochastic frontier approach."]
["Makiela (2010)",2010,"State Level efficiency Measures for Healthcare Systems","50 states in the USA","Subnational","To measure healthcare productivity across the United States of America between 2000 and 2003."]
["Purohit, (2010)",2010,"Healthcare sector efficiency in Gujarat (India): an exploratory study using data envelopment analysis","Gujarat state in India","Subnational","To explore the reasons for the relative performance of the different districts in Gujarat state using data envelopment analysis."]
["Purohit, (2010)",2010,"Efficiency Variation at the Sub-State Level: The Healthcare System in Karnataka ","Karnataka state in India","Subnational","To understand reasons for the relative performance of the health systems of different districts within the state of Karnataka using stochastic frontier model."]
["Shetty and Pakkala, (2010)",2010,"Technical Efficiencies of Healthcare System in Major States of India: An Application of NP-RDM of DEA Formulation","19 states in India","Subnational","To analyze and compare the technical efficiency of healthcare of major states in India. "]
["De Nicola et al., (2011)",2011,"A two-stage DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of the Italian health system ","101 provinces","subnational","To examine the impact of policy reforms in the Italian health system on efficiency."]
["Lagravinese et al., (2011)",2011,"Social heterogeneity and efficiency in Italian health care system: ASimar-Wilson methodology analysis","Italian provinces","Subnational","To evaluate efficiency of health service delivery across Italian provinces using an innovative two-stage procedure of Algorithm 2 proposed by Simar- Wilson. "]
["Martínez et al., (2011)",2011,"CISS Health Systems and Insurance Report Health Systems Efficiency Indexes of the Americas","32 countries in North and South America","National","To measure efficiency and change in efficiency in the Americas"]
["Nuti et al., (2011)",2011,"Relationships between technical efficiency and the quality and costs of health care in Italy","Tuscany, Italy","Subnational","To measure the technical efficiency of local health authorities in Tuscany, Italy and its relationship with quality and appropriateness of care."]
["Oglobin, (2011)",2011,"Health care efficiency across countries: A stochastic frontier analysis ","78 middle- and high-income countries.","National","To estimate health production function across national healthcare systems using stochastic frontier method and identify what factors might be responsible for these countries’ inefficiencies."]
["Ramírez-Valdivia et al., (2011)",2011,"A Multiple Stage Approach for Performance Improvement of Primary Healthcare Practice","259 municipalities in Chile ","Subnational","To determine the factors that affect the technical efficiency of primary healthcare practice at municipal level in Chile."]
["Varela and de Andrade Martins, (2011)",2011,"Efficiency of Primary Health Care Spending by Municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo: A Comparative Analysis of DEA Models ","São Paulo, Brazil","Subnational","To assess the technical efficiency of municipal governments in the metropolitan region of São Paulo regarding the application of public resources in primary care actions."]
["Aristovnik, (2012)",2012,"Measuring relative efficiency in health and education sector: the case of East European countries","37 countries","National","To measure the efficiency of the public sector (using health and education as examples) in East European Countries using free disposal hull and data envelopment analysis."]
["Borisov et al., (2012)",2012,"DEA model for assessing efficiency in providing healthcare and management decisions","14 European Union states","Regional","To determine the overall efficiency at the regional level of the 14 countries that joined the European union after 2004."]
["Grigoli, (2012)",2012,"Public Expenditure in the Slovak Republic: Composition and Technical Efficiency","Slovak Republic","National","To assess the relative efficiency of spending in education and health in Slovak republic and compare this with the efficiency of EU and OECD countries."]
["Moreno-Serraa et al., (2012)",2012,"An exploratory application of data envelopment analysis to the efficiency of health service coverage and access","79 countries","National","To examine the variations in the efficiency with which pooled funds are used to secure coverage in the form of access to needed healthcare services."]
["Prachitha and Shanmugam, (2012)",2012,"Efficiency of Raising Health Outcomes in the Indian States","India","Subnational","To measure the efficiency of states in India using the stochastic frontier methodology for the period 2000-2009."]
["Sinimole, (2012)",2012,"Evaluation of the efficiency of national health systems of the members of World Health Organization","180 countries","national","To measure the efficiency of national healthcare systems across the world and examine the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis in doing so."]
["Wranik, (2012)",2012,"Healthcare policy tools as determinants of health-system efficiency: Evidence from the OECD","21 OECD countries","National","To assess which policy relevant characteristics of a healthcare system contribute to health system efficiency."]
["Anton, (2013)",2013,"Technical efficiency in the use of healthcare resources: a cross-country analysis","20 countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).","National","To assess the technical efficiency of 20 countries from the CEE and CIS using data envelopment analysis."]
["Felder and Tauchmann, (2013)",2013,"Federal state differentials in the efficiency of health production in Germany: an artifact of spatial dependence?","439 districts in Germany","Subnational","To investigate the spatial dependence of health production efficiency at the district level in Germany."]
["Hadad et al., (2013)",2013,"Determinants of healthcare system’s efficiency in OECD countries ","28 OECD countries","National","To compare health system efficiency using inputs within and outside of the control of the healthcare system and, to analyze whether institutional arrangements, population behaviour and socioeconomic and environmental determinants are associated with health system efficiency"]
["Nannyonjo & Okot (2013)",2013,"Decentralization, Local government capacity and efficiency of health service delivery in Uganda","Uganda","Subnational","Investigates the impact of decentralization and local government capacity on efficiency of health service delivery in Uganda\n"]
["Pelone et al., (2013)",2013,"How to achieve optimal organization of primary care service delivery at system level: lessons from Europe","22 European countries","National","To measure the relative efficiency of primary care service delivery at system level. "]
["Asandului et al., (2014) ",2014,"The efficiency of healthcare systems in Europe: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach","30 European states","National","To evaluate the efficiency of public healthcare systems in Europe by applying data envelopment analysis."]
["de Cos and Moral-Benito, (2014)",2014,"Determinants of health-system efficiency: evidence from OECD countries","29 OECD countries","National","To identify the most important determinants of healthcare efficiency across OECD countries."]
["Grausová et al., (2014)",2014,"Health systems efficiency in the Visegrad","4 Countries in the Visegrad group (Czech republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia)","National","To examine healthcare system efficiency in four countries of the Visegrád group and compare their efficiency to 18 OECD countries"]
["Karpa and Leśniowska, (2014)",2014,"Efficiency of Health Care Systems:Stochastic Frontier Analysis Including Innovation Component Efficiency of Health Care Systems: Stochastic Frontier Analysis Including Innovation Component","34 OECD countries","National","To construct health system efficiency ranking among OECD countries using stochastic frontier model."]
["Kim and Kang, (2014)",2014,"The Measurement of Health Care System Efficiency: Cross-country Comparison by Geographical Region ","170 countries","National","To estimate the efficiency of the healthcare systems of 170 countries using Simar and Wilson’s bootstrap data envelopment analysis"]
["Mbonigaba and Oumar, (2014)",2014,"The Relative (in)Efficiency of South African Municipalities in Providing Public Health Care","District and metropolitan municipalities in South Africa","Subnational","To assess whether the relative efficiency of South African municipalities in primary care and hospital care is different and whether the municipalities can learn from each other to improve on their efficiency."]
["Novignon & Lawanson (2014)",2014,"Efficiency of Health Systems in Sub-Sahara Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Time Varying Stochastic Frontier Models1","45 countries from SSA","National","The purpose of the current study was to estimate efficiency of health systems in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) and to compare efficiency estimates from various time-varying frontier models."]
["Popescu et al., (2014)",2014,"A Data Envelopment Analysis for Evaluating Romania’s Health System ","Romania and 26 other European Union states","National","To evaluate the Romanian health system compared with 26 other European countries"]
["Porcelli, (2014)",2014,"Electoral Accountability and Local Government Efficiency: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Italian Health Care Sector Reforms","Regional governments in Italy","Subnational","To evaluate the effect of two policy changes (change in the electoral system and fiscal decentralisation) on the efficiency of Italian regional governments in the provision of healthcare services."]
["Purohit, (2014)",2014,"Efficiency of social sector expenditure in India: a case of health and education in selected Indian states ","India","Subnational","To analyze social sector efficiency using health and education sector at the state level using both parametric (stochastic frontier approach) and non-parametric approaches (free disposable hull analysis)."]
["Ravangard et al., (2014)",2014,"Factors affecting the technical efficiency of health systems: A case study of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries (2004–10)","10 Economic Cooperation Organization countries","National","To measure the technical efficiency of health systems in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries during 2004-2010 and to determine the factors affecting their technical efficiency using data envelopment analysis."]
["Abeney and Yu, (2015)",2015,"Measuring the Efficiency of the Canadian Health Care System","Provinces in Canada","Subnational","To examine the healthcare waiting times and number of treatments in relation to healthcare inputs by province in Canada. "]
["Allin et al., (2015)",2015,"How Can Health System Efficiency Be Improved in Canada?","89 health regions (legislated by the provincial ministries of health) in Canada","Subnational","To measure the efficiency of health regions in Canada and to identify the factors associated with increased efficiency. "]
["Aristovnik, (2015)",2015,"Efficiency of the healthcare sector in the EU-28 at the regional level","Regions within the European Union","Regional","To estimate the performance of healthcare systems in 151 regions in old European Union (EU) member states and 54 regions in new EU member states in the period 2007-2012."]
["Asandului et al., (2015)",2015,"Identifying and explaining the efficiency of public health systems in European countries","30 European countries","National","To identify the efficient European healthcare systems using data envelopment analysis."]
["Frogner et al., (2015)",2015,"Comparing efficiency of health systems across industrialized countries: a panel analysis","25 OECD countries","National","To determine whether the US healthcare system is efficient relative to other industrialized healthcare systems"]
["Kinfu and Sawhney, (2015)",2015,"Inefficiency, heterogeneity and spillover effects in maternal care in India: a spatial stochastic frontier analysis","India","Subnational","To measure the level and determinants of inefficiency of institutional delivery in the country using district level data"]
["Kujawska, (2015)",2015,"Measurement of healthcare system efficiency in OECD","33 OECD countries","National","To evaluate the efficiency of healthcare systems in the OECD countries and indicate causes of inefficiency by using Data Envelopment Analysis."]
["Purohit, (2015)",2015,"Efficiency in Health Care Sector in Bihar (India): An exploratory Analysis using DEA","India","Subnational ","To explore the reasons for the relative performance of different districts in Bihar state in India using data envelopment analysis. "]
["Tigga and Mishra, (2015)",2015,"On Measuring Technical Efficiency of the Health System in India: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis","27 states in India","Subnational","To assess and compare efficiency of health systems across different states in India."]
["Yip et al., (2015)",2015,"Improving health system e\u001fciency Reforms for improving the efficiency of health systems: lessons from 10 country cases","10 countries (in Africa, Asia and Latin America)","National","To review national attempts to improve efficiency with the use of various health system and financing reforms"]
["Allin et al., (2016)",2016,"The determinants of efficiency in the Canadian health care system ","Provinces in Canada","Subnational","To calculate efficiency at the regional (sub-provincial) level in Canada using data envelopment analysis and to identify the factors that help explain variation in efficiency across regions in Canada."]
["Campos et al., (2016)",2016,"Public resource usage in health systems: a data envelopment analysis of the efficiency of health systems of autonomous communities in Spain","17 Regional governments in Spain","Subnational","To analyze the efficiency with which public health systems in the regional governments of Spain manage their public resources."]
["Grausová and Hužvár, (2016)",2016,"Two views on efficiency of health expenditure in European countries assessed with DEA. ","38 European countries","National","To design DEA models to compare the efficiency of health systems from both viewpoints"]
["Purohit, (2016)",2016,"Efficiency in Healthcare Sector in Assam: A Sub-State Level Analysis ","India","Subnational","To explore the efficiency of 23 districts in Assam State using a stochastic frontier model"]
["Şenel and Cengiz, (2016)",2016,"A Bayesian Approach for Evaluation of Determinants of Health System Efficiency Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Beta Regression","29 OECD countries","National ","To estimate health system efficiency across OECD countries and select the factors affecting the efficiency of these countries."]
["Achoki et al., (2017)",2017,"Technical and scale efficiency in th delivery of child health services in Zambia: results from data envelopment analysis","72 health districts in Zambia","Subnational","To investigate technical and scale efficiency in the delivery of maternal and child health services at the district level in the country."]
["Allin et al (2017)",2017," Improving health system efficiency: perspectives of decision-makers ","Canada","Subnational","To examine the main actions taken, and the main challenges faced in improving health system efficiency"]
["Biernacki, (2017)",2017,"Comparison of selected national healthcare systems efficiency","13 countries","National","To analyze the efficiency of national healthcare systems in European countries undergoing transition."]
["Du, (2017)",2017,"Performance Measurement of Healthcare Service and Association Discussion between Quality and Efficiency: Evidence from 31 Provinces of Mainland China","31 provinces in China","Subnational","To measure the relative performance and efficiencies of healthcare services in 31 provinces in mainland China using data envelopment analysis."]
["Kordić, (2017)",2017,"Ownership versus efficiency: a cross-country comparison of health systems","9 Central, Eastern and South- Eastern Europe (CESEE) countries","National","To measure the relative technical efficiency of national health systems in CESEE and to analyze whether the different ownership of healthcare providers is associated with the health system efficiency."]
["Kujawska, (2017)",2017,"The Efficiency of Post‐Communist Countries’ Health Systems","28 post-communist countries","National","To determine the efficiency of health systems in post-communist countries using the data envelopment analysis method."]
["lo Storto and Goncharuk, (2017)",2017,"Efficiency versus effectiveness: a benchmarking study on European healthcare systems","32 European countries ","National"," The research aim of this paper is to conduct a benchmarking analysis for the national healthcare systems in 32 European countries between 2011 and 2014 by implementing a non-parametric frontier method based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)."]
["Ozcan and Khushalani, (2017)",2017,"Assessing efficiency of public health and medical care provision in OECD countries after a decade of reform","34 OECD countries","national","To examine the change of efficiency in 34 OECD countries between 2000 and 2012, a period marked by significant health reforms."]
["Shen, (2017)",2017,"Efficiency of the healthcare system in Taiwan: an illustration with multidimensional scaling and data envelopment analysis","City and county governments in Taiwan",null,"To explore the efficiency of healthcare resource allocation in 23 city and county regional governments in Taiwan."]
["Sopko et al., (2017)",2017,"The Government Expenditure Efficiency in OECD Countries with DEA Approach","20 European countries","National ","To analyze the efficiency of in the health sector of OECD countries using data envelopment analysis models."]
["Sun and Luo, (2017)",2017,"Evaluation on equality and efficiency of health resources allocation and health services utilization in China ","31 provinces of China","Subnational","To evaluate the equality and efficiency of health resources allocation and health services utilization in China"]
["Anselmi at al (2018)",2018,"The efficiency of the local health systems: investigating the roles of health administrations and health care providers","Districts in Mozambique","Subnational","To assess district efficiency in offering outpatient services"]
["Bekaroglu and Heffley, (2018)",2018,"The Impact of Technical Change on Healthcare Production and Efficiency","34 OECD countries","National","To measure the inefficiency levels, identify sources of inefficiency and assess the impacts of environmental variables and health expenditures on health system performance in 34 OECD countries."]
["Bekaroglu and Heffley, (2018)",2018,"A multi-stage efficiency analysis of OECD healthcare systems","34 OECD countries","National","To measure the technical efficiency of healthcare production and estimate the impact of technical change on healthcare across OECD countries between 2000-2011 using data envelopment analysis."]
["Ding et al., (2018)",2018,"Equity and efficiency of medical service systems at the provincial level of China’s mainland: a comparative study from 2009 to 2014","31 provinces in Mainland China","Subnational","To explore the inequities in resource allocation and service provision of medical service systems in 31 provinces in China’s mainland and to compare and evaluate the efficiency of these medical service systems and to detect the determinants of that efficiency."]
["Grigoli and Kapsoli, (2018)",2018,"Waste not, want not: The efficiency of health expenditure in emerging and developing economies ","80 countries","National","To measure public expenditure efficiency in the health sector for 80 emerging and developing countries over the 2001-2010 period."]
["Hassan et al., (2018)",2018,"The efficiency of the health system in Chad ","14 Regions delegations Sanitary in Chad","Subnational","To measure and investigate the determinants of regional health system efficiency in Chad using Data Envelopment Approach."]
["Hooda, (2018)",2018,"Efficiency in expenditure on healthcare system at state level in India","17 major states in India","Subnational","To measure the efficiency of expenditure of healthcare system at the state level in India using stochastic frontier methods."]
["Ibrahim and Daneshvar, (2018)",2018,"Efficiency Analysis of Healthcare System in Lebanon Using Modified Data Envelopment Analysis","Lebanon","National","To evaluate the efficiency of healthcare system in Lebanon from 2000 to 2015 using a modified data envelopment analysis model"]
["Kujawska, (2018)",2018,"Efficiency of healthcare systems in European countries - the DEA network approach","30 European countries","National","To examine the efficiency of healthcare systems in 30 European countries using the network Data Envelopment Analysis approach."]
["Lee and Kim, (2018)",2018,"Estimation of Association between Healthcare System Efficiency and Policy Factors for Public Health ","29 OECD countries","National","To assess the association between the healthcare system’s efficiency and policy factors (types of healthcare systems and various health policy indicators)"]
["Madae'en and Adeinat, (2018)",2018,"The Health Sector in Jordan: Effectiveness and Efficiency","Jordan","National","To compare the health sector efficiency in Jordan to that of 36 middle-income countries"]
["Mousa and Aldehayyat, (2018)",2018,"Regional efficiency of healthcare services in Saudi Arabia","13 Saudi regions","Subnational","To estimate the regional efficiency of healthcare services in Saudi Arabia"]
["See and Yen, (2018)",2018,"Does happiness matter to health system efficiency? A performance analysis ","121 countries","National ","To assess the performance of the global health system emphasizing the contribution of people’s happiness to health system efficiency."]
["Stefko et al., (2018)",2018,"Healthcare efficiency assessment using DEA analysis in the Slovak Republic ","Slovak republic","Subnational","To evaluate the technical efficiency of healthcare facilities at the regional level in Slovak Republic."]
["Ahmed et al (2019)",2019,"Measuring the efficiency of health systems in Asia: a data envelopment analysis","46 Asian countries","National","To estimate the technical efficiency of health systems in Asia"]
["Chai et al (2019)",2019,"Technical and scale efficiency of provincial health systems in China: a bootstrapping data envelopment analysis","China","Sub-national","To examine the technical and scale efficiency of provincial health systems in China - a bootstrapping data envelopment analysis"]
["Eyesilaydin et al (2019)",2019,"Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries","36 OECD countries ","National","To determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of health indicators using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA)"]
["Gong et al (2019)",2019,"Has the Efficiency of China's Healthcare System Improved after Healthcare Reform? A Network Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit Regression Approach","165 countries","National","To measure the performance of the health system in 165 countries and its relationship with public financing using data envelopment analysis."]
["Liu et al (2019)",2019,"Health expenditure efficiency in rural China using the super-SBM model and the Malmquist productivity index","China","Subnational","To examine health expenditure efficiency of districts in China"]
["Moreno-Serra et al (2019)",2019,"Potential determinants of health systems efficiency: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean","27 Latin American and carribean countries","National","To examine the techncial efficiency of LAC country health systems"]
["Aydin et al (2020)",2020,"Assessing countries' performances against COVID-19 via WSIDEA and machine learning algorithms","142 countries ","National","Study aims to contribute to the analyse the efficiency of county health system performance against the COVID-19 outbreak using a three-staged DEA framework"]
["Jordi et al (2020)",2020,"Assessing the efficiency of countries in making progress towards universal health coverage: a data envelopment analysis of 172 countries","172 countries","National","To measure country efficiency in making progress towards UHC"]
["Kim et al (2020)",2020,"Healthcare and Welfare Policy Efficiency in 34 Developing Countries in Asia","34 Asian countries","National","To assess the healthcare and welfare efficiency of country health systems"]
["Nassar et al (2020)",2020,"Technical efficiency of health-care systems in selected middle-income countries: an empirical investigation","21 selected middle-income countries","National","This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) and determine the source of inefficiency whether it is transient (short run) or persistent (long run)."]
["Ngobeni et al (2020)",2020,"Technical efficiency of provincial public healthcare in South Africa","South Africa","Sub-national","To examine the technical efficiency of provincial health systems in South Africa"]
["Radojicic (2020)",2020,"Going beyond health efficiency: What really matters?","38 OECD countries","National","To evaluate the efficiency of OECD country health systems"]
["Sajadi et al (2020)",2020,"Assessing the efficiency of Iran health system in making progress towards universal health coverage: a comparative panel data analysis","37  Upper middle income countries","National","To measure the efficiency and productivity changes of the iranian health system"]
["Seddighi et al (2020)",2020,"Health systems efficiency in Eastern Mediterranean Region: a data envelopment analysis","16 Mediterenian region countries","National","To examine the health system efficiency of Mediterranean region countries"]
["Weatherall et al (2020)",2020,"The relative efficiency of schizophrenia health care systems: an international comparison using data envelopment analysis","44 Countries","National","To compare the health economic efficiency of health care systems across nations, within the area of schizophrenia, using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach"]
["Yi et al (2020)",2020,"Is the allocation of medical and health resources effective? Characteristic facts from regional heterogeneity in China","China","Subnational","To assess the technical efficiency of regional health systems in China"]
["Barasa et al (2021)",2021,"Level and determinants of county health system technical efficiency in Kenya: two stage data envelopment analysis","Kenya","Subnational","To examine the level and determinants of county health system efficiency in Kenya"]
["Chai et al (2021)",2021," Efficiency and productivity of health systems in prevention and control of non‑communicable diseases in China, 2008–2015","China","Subnational","To examine the health system perofrmance imapct of China's new round of healthcare reforms adopted in 2009"]
["Gavurova et al (2021)",2021,"Health system efficiency in OECD countries: dynamic network DEA approach","38 OECD countries","Countries","To assess the techncial efficiency of OECD countries"]
["Gómez-Gallego et al (2021)",2021,"Evaluation of the Efficiency of European Health Systems Using Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis","28 European union countries","National","To evaluate the technical efficiency in the management of European health systems"]
["Hamzah et al (2021)",2021,"Assessing the efficiency of Malaysia health system in COVID-19 prevention and treatment response","Malaysia","Subnational","Examine the efficiency of the Malaysian health system in responding to COVID-19"]
["Kang et al (2021)",2021,"Evaluating efficiency of counties in providing diabetes preventive care using data envelopment analysis","USA","National","To evaluate the efficiency of county health systems in providing diabetes preventive care"]
["Lari et al (2021)",2021,"Measuring the Efficiency of Health Systems: A Case of Mental Health in Middle East and North Africa Countries","13 Middle East and North African countries","National","To measure the effiency of country health systems"]
["Moses et al (2021)",2021,"Performance assessment of the county healthcare systems in Kenya: a mixed-methods analysis","Kenya","Subnational","Examine the performance of county health systems in Kenya"]
["Nyawira et al (2021)",2021,"Examining health sector stakeholder perceptions on the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya","Kenya","Subnational","To examine stakeholder perception of health system efficiency"]
["Ordu et al (2021)",2021," Healthcare systems and Covid19: Lessons to be learnt from efficient countries","222 regions","National","To evaluate the effectiveness of regions againsnt the COVID-19 pandemic"]
["Singh et al (2021)",2021,"Application of DEA-Based Malmquist Productivity Index on Health Care System Efficiency of ASEAN Countries","10 Asian countries","National","To assess and compare the productive efficiency of the national healthcare system of the ASEAN region"]
["Zarulli et al (2021)",2021,"Health care system efficiency and life expectancy: A 140-country study","140 countries","National","To compare the health systems of 140 countries in terms of attained life expectancy"]
["Zeng et al (2021)",2021,"Understanding the performance of county health service delivery in Kenya: a mixed-method analysis","Kenya","Subnational","To evaluate the determinants of county health system performance in Kenya"]