REFERENCE AUDIT — 14 October 2026
Bibliographic identity and metadata check of all 23 original manuscript references, plus four independently checked methods/prior-art additions. Not an exhaustive novelty review or a full-text claim audit of every original citation.

Barua2022
Barua, N., 2022. Formation and Evolution of Galaxies: Starlight Synthesis Algorithm. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 12, 68–93. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2022.121005
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ijaa_2022030214530690.pdf
Publisher PDF verifies authorship, title, journal, year, volume, pages and DOI. Scope relevance is peripheral; remove if the shortened statistical introduction no longer uses this specific work.

Berrett2020
Berrett, T.B., Wang, Y., Barber, R.F., Samworth, R.J., 2020. The conditional permutation test for independence while controlling for confounders. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 82, 175–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12340
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/3c60b1ad-69e5-4182-aa36-f8e88a896273
Authors and DOI verified in author institutional repository; publisher issue 82(1) confirms 175–197 and 2020. Prefer full journal title Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology. Their conditional permutation method is not identical to simple within-bin shuffling.

CoverThomas2006
Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., 2006. Elements of Information Theory, second ed. Wiley, Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/047174882X
bibliographic identity verified
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/047174882X
Wiley confirms second edition, authors and DOI. Online first-published date is 2005 but book copyright is 2006; retain 2006 for the second edition.

FreemanBlandHawthorn2002
Freeman, K., Bland-Hawthorn, J., 2002. The new Galaxy: signatures of its formation. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 40, 487–537. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093840
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093840
Publisher metadata matches. Astronomy background only; retain only if cited.

Gao2018
Gao, W., Oh, S., Viswanath, P., 2018. Demystifying fixed k-nearest neighbor information estimators. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, 5629–5661. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2018.2807481
bibliographic identity verified
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/demystifying-fixed-%CE%BA-nearest-neighbor-information-estimators/
Author institutional record matches three authors, 64(8), 5629–5661 and DOI. Lowercase k, rather than Greek kappa from repository encoding, is appropriate in title.

Harris2020
Harris, C.R., Millman, K.J., van der Walt, S.J., et al., 2020. Array programming with NumPy. Nature 585, 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2
Publisher indexed metadata matches title, first authors, journal, volume, pages and DOI. Long-author et al is permitted by CompStat instructions.

Helmi2020
Helmi, A., 2020. Streams, substructures, and the early history of the Milky Way. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 58, 205–256. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917
Publisher metadata matches 58:205–256, 2020 and DOI.

Holm1979
Holm, S., 1979. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6, 65–70.
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4615733
Archival article verifies Sture Holm, title, Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6:65–70, 1979. No DOI need be invented; stable URL can be supplied.

Hunter2007
Hunter, J.D., 2007. Matplotlib: a 2D graphics environment. Computing in Science & Engineering 9, 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55
bibliographic identity verified
https://matplotlib.org/stable/project/citing.html
Official project citation verifies all fields; issue 3 can be added.

Ince2017
Ince, R.A.A., Giordano, B.L., Kayser, C., Rousselet, G.A., Gross, J., Schyns, P.G., 2017. A statistical framework for neuroimaging data analysis based on mutual information estimated via a Gaussian copula. Human Brain Mapping 38, 1541–1573. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23471
bibliographic identity verified
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.23471
Publisher verifies all six authors, title, 38:1541–1573. Online November 2016, journal year 2017 correct. Rousselet G.A. correct. Discuss Gaussian-model approximation separately from finite-sample correction.

Kraskov2004
Kraskov, A., Stögbauer, H., Grassberger, P., 2004. Estimating mutual information. Physical Review E 69, 066138. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.066138
bibliographic identity verified
https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.066138
APS verifies all fields and links 2011 erratum.

Kraskov2011
Kraskov, A., Stögbauer, H., Grassberger, P., 2011. Erratum: Estimating mutual information [Phys. Rev. E 69, 066138 (2004)]. Physical Review E 83, 019903. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.019903
bibliographic identity verified
https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.019903
APS verifies all three authors, erratum title, volume/article number and date.

McKinney2010
McKinney, W., 2010. Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python. In: van der Walt, S., Millman, J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference, pp. 56–61. https://doi.org/10.25080/Majora-92bf1922-00a
bibliographic identity verified
https://pandas.pydata.org/about/citing.html
Official pandas citation verifies Wes McKinney, conference, editors, pages 56–61 and DOI. The DOI text in the displayed BibTeX has accidental spaces; the manuscript DOI without spaces is correct.

Necib2026
Necib, L., Folsom, D., Davies, E.Y., Starkman, N., Thoyas, A., 2026. Galactic Amnesia: The Information Washout of the Milky Way Merger History. arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.04138. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.04138
bibliographic identity verified
https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04138
All five authors/title/arXiv DOI verified; v1 5 May 2026. It remains a preprint in the retrieved record; do not label peer-reviewed or accepted. Uses merger labels in simulated galaxies, a different target from observed cross-domain dependence.

NissenSchuster2010a
Nissen, P.E., Schuster, W.J., 2010a. Two distinct halo populations in the solar neighborhood. Evidence from stellar abundance ratios and kinematics. Astronomy & Astrophysics 511, L10. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913877
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2010/03/aa13877-09/aa13877-09.html
Publisher verifies A&A 511 L10, title/authors/year/DOI. Retain separate citation to source dataset.

NissenSchuster2010b
Nissen, P.E., Schuster, W.J., 2010b. Abundances and space velocities of 94 stars [data set]. CDS/VizieR catalogue J/A+A/511/L10. https://doi.org/10.26093/cds/vizier.35119010
bibliographic identity verified
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A%2BA/511/L10
CDS catalogue matches title, identifier and DOI. Distinguish dataset citation from paper citation.

Ochsenbein2000
Ochsenbein, F., Bauer, P., Marcout, J., 2000. The VizieR database of astronomical catalogues. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 143, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:2000169
bibliographic identity verified
https://aas.aanda.org/articles/aas/pdf/2000/07/ds1826.pdf
Publisher original article verifies three authors and A&AS 143:23–32. DOI also appears in CDS service citation metadata.

PandeyMondal2026
Pandey, B., Mondal, A., 2026. Stellar Halo Memory: A New Observable for Galactic Archaeology. arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.10863. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.10863
bibliographic identity verified
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10863
Authors/title/arXiv DOI verified, v1 12 July 2026. Full HTML confirms k=4, separate standardisation within every cumulative sample, whole-variable permutation null average and cumulative radial profiles. It asserts bias removal; current simulations can test estimator behaviour but are not replication or refutation of the astronomical results.

PhipsonSmyth2010
Phipson, B., Smyth, G.K., 2010. Permutation p-values should never be zero: calculating exact p-values when permutations are randomly drawn. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology 9, Article 39. https://doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1585
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2202/1544-6115.1585/html?lang=de
Publisher indexed record and author preprint verify title/authors/2010/9/DOI; author preprint gives Article 39. Use +1 permutation p-value convention in analysis.

Sanderson2015
Sanderson, R.E., Helmi, A., Hogg, D.W., 2015. Action-space clustering of tidal streams to infer the Galactic potential. The Astrophysical Journal 801, 98. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/98
bibliographic identity verified
https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.6534
Author accepted-version record verifies title/authors and published DOI; author institutional publisher PDF verifies ApJ801:98. Astronomy background only.

Szekely2007
Székely, G.J., Rizzo, M.L., Bakirov, N.K., 2007. Measuring and testing dependence by correlation of distances. The Annals of Statistics 35, 2769–2794. https://doi.org/10.1214/009053607000000505
bibliographic identity verified
https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.4101
Primary author-deposited record explicitly gives Annals of Statistics 2007,35(6),2769–2794 and original DOI. Uploaded 2008 but publication year 2007 correct.

Virtanen2020
Virtanen, P., Gommers, R., Oliphant, T.E., et al., 2020. SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. Nature Methods 17, 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0686-2
Publisher indexed metadata verifies first authors/title, Nature Methods17:261–272,2020 and DOI.

Wilson1927
Wilson, E.B., 1927. Probable inference, the law of succession, and statistical inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association 22, 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1927.10502953
bibliographic identity verified
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1927.10502953
Publisher indexed article/issue verifies author/title/year/22(158)/DOI; pages209–212 corroborated by publisher citations. No correction identified.

Paninski2003
Paninski L (2003) Estimation of entropy and mutual information. Neural Comput 15(6):1191–1253. https://doi.org/10.1162/089976603321780272
bibliographic identity verified; proposed addition
https://www.cns.nyu.edu/~lcv/pubs/makeAbs.php?loc=Paninski03
Author-laboratory bibliography and MIT publisher DOI metadata agree. Exact title begins Estimation, not Estimating. General finite-sample estimation reference; it predates KSG and should not be cited as a direct KSG performance analysis.

MorrisWhiteCrowther2019
Morris TP, White IR, Crowther MJ (2019) Using simulation studies to evaluate statistical methods. Stat Med 38(11):2074–2102. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8086
bibliographic identity verified; proposed addition
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.8086
Publisher full text verifies authors, title, issue and pages. Supports ADEMP design/reporting and Monte Carlo uncertainty. Does not establish novelty of a particular estimator comparison.

SheintuchRubinZiv2022
Sheintuch L, Rubin A, Ziv Y (2022) Bias-free estimation of information content in temporally sparse neuronal activity. PLoS Comput Biol 18(2):e1009832. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009832
bibliographic identity and relevant prior-art passages verified; proposed addition
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009832
Primary text discusses direct shuffle subtraction overcorrection, true-signal/sample-duration dependence of bias, and comparisons affected by differing biases. Main measure is neuronal spatial information, with a mutual-information extension. This is relevant prior art, not a direct replication of continuous KSG/GC settings.

MandrosBoleyVreeken2020
Mandros P, Boley M, Vreeken J (2020) Discovering dependencies with reliable mutual information. Knowl Inf Syst 62:4223–4253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-020-01494-9
bibliographic identity and relevant prior-art passages verified; optional addition
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10115-020-01494-9
Discrete/categorical dependency discovery. Derives plug-in MI minus its permutation-model expectation and distinguishes null-unbiasedness with fixed marginal counts. Supports existence of permutation-centred scores before this work; does not establish finite-sample unbiasedness for continuous KSG alternatives.

NOVELTY POSITION
Do not claim invention of permutation centring or first recognition that a null correction need not eliminate bias under dependence. Position the contribution as a specific reproducible continuous-estimator benchmark across matched-information geometries, sample-size directions and nested profiles, with independently computed truth and uncertainty. Numerical conclusions must come from the executed study and remain bounded by its settings.

JOURNAL PREPRINT POLICY CLARIFICATION
The Springer editorial policies linked directly from Computational Statistics allow preprints in reference lists. Relevant arXiv entries may remain if clearly identified as preprints; do not imply journal publication. https://link.springer.com/brands/springer/journal-policies
