Sample Composition – Comparison with Population Benchmarks

Proportions, differences from population benchmarks, and sample sizes for selected sociodemographic characteristics by sub-wave

Characteristic

Reference
[%]

Sub-wave 1
[%]
(Δ)a

Sub-wave 2
[%]
(Δ)a

Sub-wave 3
[%]
(Δ)a

Sub-wave 4
[%]
(Δ)a

Sub-wave 1
N

Sub-wave 2
N

Sub-wave 3
N

Sub-wave 4
N

Sexb

Male

49.0

44.9
(-4.1)

44.8
(-4.2)

45.1
(-3.9)

44.9
(-4.1)

16,070

14,859

14,642

13,954

Female

51.0

55.1
(4.1)

55.2
(4.2)

54.9
(3.9)

55.1
(4.1)

19,706

18,331

17,862

17,145

Age Groupb

15-19 yrs

5.5

4.5
(-1.0)

4.5
(-1.0)

4.6
(-0.9)

4.5
(-1.0)

1,623

1,481

1,496

1,401

20-29 yrs

13.0

10.8
(-2.2)

10.6
(-2.4)

10.8
(-2.2)

10.6
(-2.4)

3,847

3,514

3,496

3,299

30-39 yrs

15.2

13.8
(-1.4)

13.7
(-1.5)

14.0
(-1.2)

14.1
(-1.1)

4,946

4,555

4,556

4,376

40-49 yrs

14.5

12.1
(-2.4)

12.2
(-2.3)

12.4
(-2.1)

12.5
(-2.0)

4,338

4,035

4,020

3,892

50-59 yrs

16.4

17.1
(0.7)

17.3
(0.9)

17.6
(1.2)

17.7
(1.3)

6,122

5,739

5,717

5,512

60-69 yrs

16.4

18.6
(2.2)

19.3
(2.9)

19.4
(3.0)

19.6
(3.2)

6,669

6,403

6,297

6,106

70-79 yrs

10.6

13.9
(3.3)

13.5
(2.9)

13.0
(2.4)

13.0
(2.4)

4,981

4,492

4,220

4,034

80+ yrs

8.4

9.1
(0.7)

8.9
(0.5)

8.3
(-0.1)

8.0
(-0.4)

3,250

2,971

2,702

2,479

Educationc

Low

34.0

19.7
(-14.3)

18.4
(-15.6)

17.8
(-16.2)

17.4
(-16.6)

7,009

6,080

5,758

5,399

Medium

46.3

47.5
(1.2)

47.6
(1.3)

47.7
(1.4)

47.8
(1.5)

16,901

15,748

15,450

14,794

High

19.8

32.8
(13.0)

34.0
(14.2)

34.5
(14.7)

34.8
(15.0)

11,675

11,228

11,154

10,792

German Citizenshipb

Yes

85.2

95.6
(10.4)

96.1
(10.9)

96.0
(10.8)

96.3
(11.1)

34,213

31,891

31,214

29,937

No

14.8

4.4
(-10.4)

3.9
(-10.9)

4.0
(-10.8)

3.7
(-11.1)

1,563

1,299

1,290

1,162

Household Sizec

Single-person household

24.1

21.6
(-2.5)

21.7
(-2.4)

21.3
(-2.8)

21.0
(-3.1)

7,688

7,183

6,886

6,527

Multi-person household

75.9

78.4
(2.5)

78.3
(2.4)

78.7
(2.8)

79.0
(3.1)

27,943

25,884

25,506

24,474

Federal Stateb

Schleswig-Holsteind

3.6

9.8
(6.2)

9.6
(6.0)

9.6
(6.0)

9.6
(6.0)

3,519

3,179

3,108

2,988

Hamburg

2.2

3.6
(1.4)

3.6
(1.4)

3.6
(1.4)

3.6
(1.4)

1,302

1,185

1,180

1,123

Lower Saxony

9.6

7.7
(-1.9)

7.5
(-2.1)

7.5
(-2.1)

7.5
(-2.1)

2,756

2,498

2,432

2,337

Bremen

0.8

3.1
(2.3)

3.1
(2.3)

3.0
(2.2)

3.0
(2.2)

1,127

1,017

987

942

North Rhine-Westphalia

21.5

15.7
(-5.8)

15.3
(-6.2)

15.3
(-6.2)

15.3
(-6.2)

5,622

5,095

4,986

4,746

Hesse

7.5

5.3
(-2.2)

5.2
(-2.3)

5.2
(-2.3)

5.2
(-2.3)

1,904

1,730

1,705

1,617

Rhineland-Palatinate

4.9

3.7
(-1.2)

3.6
(-1.3)

3.6
(-1.3)

3.6
(-1.3)

1,335

1,199

1,159

1,108

Baden-Württemberg

13.4

10.1
(-3.3)

10.0
(-3.4)

10.1
(-3.3)

10.0
(-3.4)

3,612

3,301

3,273

3,108

Bavaria

15.8

12.3
(-3.5)

12.0
(-3.8)

12.0
(-3.8)

12.1
(-3.7)

4,408

3,984

3,915

3,774

Saarland

1.2

3.2
(2.0)

3.1
(1.9)

3.0
(1.8)

3.1
(1.9)

1,136

1,020

988

953

Berlind

4.4

9.3
(4.9)

11.5
(7.1)

11.5
(7.1)

11.5
(7.1)

3,341

3,801

3,735

3,572

Brandenburg

3.1

3.1
(0.0)

3.2
(0.1)

3.1
(0.0)

3.2
(0.1)

1,124

1,068

1,025

985

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

1.9

2.9
(1.0)

2.9
(1.0)

2.9
(1.0)

2.9
(1.0)

1,053

968

934

910

Saxony

4.9

3.9
(-1.0)

3.7
(-1.2)

3.7
(-1.2)

3.7
(-1.2)

1,380

1,214

1,192

1,142

Saxony-Anhalt

2.6

3.1
(0.5)

2.9
(0.3)

2.9
(0.3)

2.9
(0.3)

1,093

959

931

892

Thuringia

2.5

3.0
(0.5)

2.9
(0.4)

2.9
(0.4)

2.9
(0.4)

1,064

972

954

902

aΔ: Deviations from the reference value in percentage points. Negative values indicate an underrepresentation whereas positive values indicate an overrepresentation in the sample

bReference values according to the 2024 population statistics

cReference values according Microzensus 2022

dAdditional oversamples were integrated for the federal states of Berlin and Schleswig-Holstein