OUTCOME: Immediate urinary continence ANALYSIS: primary_all_designs STUDIES: 12 TREATMENTS: Conventional, Retzius, Ultra Original data: treat1 treat2 TE seTE Asimakopoulos_2019 Conventional Retzius -1.4376 0.5088 Beyatli_2025 Retzius Ultra 1.2150 0.3091 Chang_2018 Conventional Retzius -2.0232 0.5839 Elliott_2023 Conventional Retzius -2.0448 0.6891 Feng_2025 Conventional Retzius -1.8772 0.4108 Ficarra_2022 Conventional Retzius -2.1635 0.4003 Nanchang_Deng_2021a Conventional Retzius -1.9722 0.3516 Puliatti_2019 Conventional Ultra -1.5870 0.6835 Qian_2024 Conventional Retzius -1.1091 0.2934 Qiu_2020 Conventional Retzius -1.6087 0.4126 Yee_2021 Conventional Retzius -3.2285 1.4897 Zeng_2026 Conventional Retzius -2.5374 0.4495 Number of treatment arms (by study): narms Asimakopoulos_2019 2 Beyatli_2025 2 Chang_2018 2 Elliott_2023 2 Feng_2025 2 Ficarra_2022 2 Nanchang_Deng_2021a 2 Puliatti_2019 2 Qian_2024 2 Qiu_2020 2 Yee_2021 2 Zeng_2026 2 Results (random effects model): treat1 treat2 OR 95%-CI Asimakopoulos_2019 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Beyatli_2025 Retzius Ultra 2.6686 [1.2785; 5.5702] Chang_2018 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Elliott_2023 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Feng_2025 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Ficarra_2022 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Nanchang_Deng_2021a Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Puliatti_2019 Conventional Ultra 0.4124 [0.1904; 0.8935] Qian_2024 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Qiu_2020 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Yee_2021 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Zeng_2026 Conventional Retzius 0.1545 [0.1106; 0.2160] Number of studies: k = 12 Number of pairwise comparisons: m = 12 Number of observations: o = 1717 Number of treatments: n = 3 Number of designs: d = 3 Random effects model Treatment estimate (sm = 'OR', comparison: other treatments vs 'Conventional'): OR 95%-CI z p-value Conventional . . . . Retzius 6.4707 [4.6289; 9.0455] 10.93 < 0.0001 Ultra 2.4247 [1.1192; 5.2530] 2.25 0.0247 Quantifying heterogeneity / inconsistency: tau^2 = 0.0899; tau = 0.2998; I^2 = 23.2% [0.0%; 61.7%] Tests of heterogeneity (within designs) and inconsistency (between designs): Q d.f. p-value Total 13.02 10 0.2225 Within designs 11.23 9 0.2602 Between designs 1.79 1 0.1810 Details of network meta-analysis methods: - Frequentist graph-theoretical approach - Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2 - Calculation of I^2 based on Q --- P-SCORE RANKING --- P-score Retzius 0.9978 Ultra 0.4961 Conventional 0.0062 --- SUCRA RANKING --- SUCRA Retzius 0.9976 Ultra 0.4959 Conventional 0.0065 - based on 20000 simulations --- GLOBAL INCONSISTENCY: DESIGN-BY-TREATMENT --- Q statistics to assess homogeneity / consistency Q df p-value Total 13.02 10 0.2225 Within designs 11.23 9 0.2602 Between designs 1.79 1 0.1810 Design-specific decomposition of within-designs Q statistic Design Q df p-value Conventional:Retzius 11.23 9 0.2602 Between-designs Q statistic after detaching of single designs (influential designs have p-value markedly different from 0.1810) Detached design Q df p-value Conventional:Retzius 0.00 0 -- Conventional:Ultra 0.00 0 -- Retzius:Ultra 0.00 0 -- Q statistic to assess consistency under the assumption of a full design-by-treatment interaction random effects model Q df p-value tau.within tau2.within Between designs 1.42 1 0.2332 0.2224 0.0495 --- LOCAL INCONSISTENCY: NODE SPLITTING/SIDE --- Separate indirect from direct evidence (SIDE) using back-calculation method Random effects model: comparison k prop nma direct indir. RoR z p-value Retzius:Conventional 10 0.96 6.4707 6.2277 16.4774 0.3780 -1.11 0.2684 Ultra:Conventional 1 0.28 2.4247 4.8889 1.8478 2.6458 1.11 0.2684 Retzius:Ultra 1 0.76 2.6686 3.3704 1.2739 2.6458 1.11 0.2684 Legend: comparison - Treatment comparison k - Number of studies providing direct evidence prop - Direct evidence proportion nma - Estimated treatment effect (OR) in network meta-analysis direct - Estimated treatment effect (OR) derived from direct evidence indir. - Estimated treatment effect (OR) derived from indirect evidence RoR - Ratio of Ratios (direct versus indirect) z - z-value of test for disagreement (direct versus indirect) p-value - p-value of test for disagreement (direct versus indirect)