# Citation analysis with matched comparison cohort (v3)

Generated 2026-07-31 04:53. Source: authoritative Crossref GitLab CSV, RetractionNature = 'Retraction'.
All 9142 machine-attributed articles with a usable DOI and date pair were queried, together with
8594 matched comparison articles (exact on publisher 5085, year-only fallback 3509; 548 unmatched).
Matched in OpenAlex: 17728 of 17736. Exposure = 2026 minus retraction year.

| Measure | Machine-attributed | Matched comparison | Difference (95% CI) | Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Articles matched in OpenAlex | 9107 | 8621 | | |
| Pre-retraction citations, median (balance check) | 2 | 3 | | |
| Total citations, median (IQR) | 3 (2-7) | 4 (2-11) | | |
| Post-retraction citations per article-year, median (IQR) | 0.333 (0-0.667) | 0.333 (0-1) | | z = -16.572, p < 1e-15, delta -0.139 |
| Post-retraction citations per article-year, mean | 0.738 | 1.171 | | |
| Cited at least once after retraction year | 55.05% (54.02-56.06) | 63.94% (62.92-64.94) | -8.89 pp (-10.33 to -7.45) | z = -12.05, p < 1e-15 |
| Cited within 1 year of retraction | 46.24% (n = 9065) | 55.3% (n = 8579) | -9.05 pp (-10.52 to -7.58) | p < 1e-15 |
| Cited within 2 years | 59.34% (n = 7895) | 64.77% (n = 7345) | -5.42 pp (-6.96 to -3.89) | p 5.6e-12 |
| Cited within 3 years | 63.24% (n = 6466) | 66.37% (n = 5926) | -3.13 pp (-4.81 to -1.45) | p 2.7e-4 |
| Flagged as retracted in OpenAlex | 97.85% (97.53-98.13) | 96.97% (96.59-97.31) | 0.88 pp (0.41 to 1.34) | z = 3.68, p 2.4e-4 |

