Supplementary legends
Supplementary Material 1. Differentially expressed genes identified from the integrated single-cell RNA-seq dataset between T2DM and healthy controls.
This supplementary table lists the significantly differentially expressed genes identified from the overall single-cell transcriptomic comparison between T2DM and control groups, including statistical significance, log2 fold change, and expression proportions. 

Supplementary Material 2. Cell type-specific differentially expressed genes between T2DM and control samples.
This supplementary material summarizes the differentially expressed genes identified within each major immune cell lineage, including B cells, CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, dendritic cells, HSC G-CSF-like cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells, providing cell type-resolved transcriptional alterations associated with T2DM.

Supplementary Tables 1–4 summarize the global cell–cell communication landscape, including ligand–receptor interactions, functional annotations, and quantitative analyses of interaction counts and strengths in the T2DM peripheral immune microenvironment.

Supplementary Table 1. Comprehensive ligand–receptor interaction network among peripheral immune cells in T2DM

Supplementary Table 2. Annotated ligand–receptor interactions with signaling pathways and functional categories in T2DM peripheral immune cells

Supplementary Table 3. Summary of interaction counts across communication categories (cell–cell contact, secreted signaling, and ECM–receptor)

Supplementary Table 4. Summary of communication strength across interaction categories in T2DM immune microenvironment