Supplemental Table 1. Morphological characteristics of glyphosate-degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated soils
Strain	Gram staining	Colony morphology	Optimal OD600	
G11	Negative	Circular, raised, entire, wrinkled, opaque, white	0.147	
G12	Positive	Circular, flat, entire, wrinkled, opaque, white	0.138	
G13	Negative	Circular, raised, entire, wrinkled, opaque, white	0.170	
G14	Negative	Circular, convex, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.147	
G15	Negative	Circular, raised, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.163	
G21	Negative	Circular, convex, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.122	
G22	Negative	Circular, raised, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.122	
G23	Negative	Circular, convex, lobate, wrinkled, opaque, white	0.154	
G24	Positive	Circular, convex, entire, smooth, opaque, yellow	0.160	
G25	Negative	Circular, flat, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.156	
G31	Negative	Circular, raised, lobate, wrinkled, opaque, white	0.171	
G32	Negative	Circular, convex, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.162	
G33	Negative	Circular, raised, entire, wrinkled, opaque, white	0.144	
G34	Negative	Circular, convex, entire, smooth, opaque, white	0.111	
G41	Positive	Circular, convex, entire, smooth, opaque, pink	0.188	
G42	Negative	Circular, flat, lobate, smooth, opaque, white	0.168	

  

Supplemental Figure 1. Optimization of cultural parameters. (A) Effect of temperatures; (B) Effect of pH; (C) Effect of glyphosate concentrations; (D) Effect of nitrogen sources; (E) Effect of NH4Cl concentration on generation time.

Supplemental Figure 2. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis (Agarose 1%). 
M: DNA marker in bp. 
1: the PCR product amplified from the G41 strain genome using our designed primer set for glyphosate oxidoreductase gene (F_GOX: 5’-TGGCTSCTHGAYCCRATGGG-3' and R_GOX: 5’-TCCATHGGBGTMGCDATGAA-3’). 
2: the PCR product amplified from the G41 strain genome using our designed primer set for Sarcosine oxidase gene (F_SOX: 5'-CGTCGATGGARCACATCAAGCG -3' and R_SOX: 5'-TGCTCATCATGTTSGTGTAGA -3'). 

>Sarcosine oxidase gene_strain G41
CGTCGATGGAGCACATCAAGCGCTACACCACCATCGGCACCGCGCACGACCAGGGCAAGACCTCCGGGGTGATCTCCTCCGGCATCACCGCCGAACTCCTCGGCAGCCCGATCGAGACCCTGGGCACCACCACGTTCCGCCCGCCGTACACCCCCGTCGCGTTCGCCGCCCTGGCCGGCCGCAGCCGCGGCGCCCTGTTCGATCCCGAAAGGGTGACGGCACTGCACGATTGGCACGTCGGCCGCGGCGCGGTGTTCGAGGACGTGGGCCAGTGGAAGCGTCCCCGCTTCTACCCGCTGCCCGGGGAGGACATGGACGCGGCGGTGCTCCGCGAGTGCGCCGCCGTCCGCCGCAGTATCGGCATCCTCGACGGCTCGACCCTCGGCAAGATCGACGTCCAGGGACCCGACGCCGGGGTGCTGCTCGACATGCTCTACACGAACATGATGAGCA